Part I Getting Started Part II Learning Macintosh User’s Guide for Macintosh PowerBook 160 and 180 computers Includes setup instructions and important health-related information Part III Reference Part IV Index
K Apple Computer, Inc. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original.
Contents Preface How to Use This Book xiii Learning the basics 10 Before you begin 10 Radio and television interference xv Finding the tour 11 Starting the tour from the hard disk 11 n Part I Getting Started With Your Computer 1 Starting the tour from a floppy disk 15 Turning the Powerbook on and off 17 Off 17 Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 1 Setting up the computer 2 Sleep 18 On 19 On/off summary 19 Step 1: Plug in the power adapter 2 When you turn on your computer 20 Step 2: Open
n Part II Learning Macintosh 31 Chapter 2 Working on the Desktop 31 Use the trackball 32 Chapter 3 Creating and Changing a Document 51 Open a program 52 Create a document 53 Point 32 Save your work 53 Click 33 Switch programs 54 Press 34 Close a document 56 Drag 35 Choose a command 36 Giving orders to your computer 36 Open an icon 37 Look at the contents of a window 38 Two types of programs 57 Open a document 57 Change a document 58 Save your work so far 61 Taking a shortcut 62 Make a window the
Chapter 4 Working With Disks 69 n Part III Macintosh Reference 87 Insert a floppy disk 70 Floppy disks and hard disks 71 Initialize a disk 72 Copy the contents of a disk 74 Taking care of floppy disks 75 Chapter 6 Setting Up Your Programs 87 Installing or updating system software 87 Before you install 88 Installing system software 88 Take a floppy disk out of its drive 76 Installing customized system software 90 Protect the contents of disk 77 Starting up with a floppy disk 91 On your own: Install
Using a RAM disk 97 Creating a RAM disk 97 Chapter 8 Using Disks 113 Preparing a new disk for use 113 Erasing a RAM disk 98 Initializing a hard disk 113 Resizing or removing a RAM disk 98 Initializing a floppy disk 115 Making a RAM disk the startup disk 99 Erasing a floppy disk 116 Designating a startup disk 116 Chapter 7 Power Management 101 Monitoring the battery charge level 101 Scanning order for startup disks 117 Protecting the information on a disk 117 Using the battery desk accessory 101 L
Chapter 9 Organizing Your Files 125 Chapter 10 Sound, Color, and Video 139 Straightening up your files 125 Setting the beep sound 139 Using folders to organize your files 126 Installing a sound 140 Creating and naming folders 126 Removing a sound 141 Filing documents when you save them 127 Recording sounds 141 Making items easier to find 128 Displaying colors or grays 143 Creating an alias 128 Changing the highlight color or gray 144 Installing an item in the Apple menu 129 Changing the color
Chapter 11 Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 155 Turning off the Empty Trash warning 170 Managing memory 171 Specifying which items you want opened at startup 156 Checking memory use 171 Installing an item in the Apple menu 156 Making the most of your memory 171 Installing files in the System Folder 156 Adjusting the disk cache 172 Removing files from the System Folder 157 Changing the items in the Label menu 158 Using hard disk space as memory 173 Turning on 32-bit addressing 174 Setting the
Working with fonts 184 Working with files and folders on other computers 200 Outline fonts and bitmap fonts 184 Creating a new folder on another computer 200 Installing fonts 185 Changing your password 200 Removing fonts 186 Giving folder ownership to someone else 201 Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer 186 Sharing your own files 202 Finding out about available fonts 188 How file sharing works 202 Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility 188 Turning file sharing on 202 Turning on
Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer 213 Gaining access to your computer from another computer 214 Changing your password 215 Using access privileges 216 Understanding access privileges 216 Setting access privileges to folders and disks 217 Access privilege strategies 218 Working with privileges others have set 219 Checking your access privileges 220 Linking programs 220 Linking to a program on another computer 220 Disconnecting a program link 222 Allowing other people to link to your pro
Chapter 15 Travel, Storage, and Service 247 Troubleshooting 259 Traveling with the PowerBook 247 The PowerBook 259 Storing the PowerBook 248 SCSI devices 264 Short-term storage (up to 2 weeks) 248 External monitors 265 Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) 249 Disk drives and disks 266 Using the security feature 249 Modems 268 Service and support 249 Printers 269 If the PowerBook malfunctions or is damaged 249 Networks 270 How to get help 250 Application programs 272 For more information a
Appendix C Map 285 Setting your location 285 Comparing locations 286 Finding a location 287 Adding or removing a location 288 Adding a location 288 Changing or removing a location 288 n Part IV Index 291 xii Contents
Preface How to Use This Book Certain kinds of information are not included in this book. ■ This book has several parts. ■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learn how to use it. Chapters 2–5 are a tutorial designed for people who have not used a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to the Macintosh, you should read this section of the book before you start your own work.
Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules.
Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook n n In this chapter n Setting up your computer n Installing system software n n Learning how to use your computer n Turning the computer on and off n Important care and safety instructions n Being comfortable while you work New Macintosh users: If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, read this entire chapter. It explains how to set up your computer, learn how to use it, and turn it on and off.
Setting up the computer Step 1: Plug in the power adapter n Plug the power adapter into a standard electrical outlet or power strip. Then plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port (¯) on the back panel of the computer. Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s battery while you work. You should plug it in now in case the battery has drained during shipping and storage. s Warning: Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook computer.
Step 2: Open the display n Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display. Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle. You can adjust the angle of the display at any time.
Step 3: Turn on the computer n n Press the power button (I) to turn the computer on. Open the door to the back panel of your computer. Power button You hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up.
n If you see a blinking question mark on your screen, you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to start itself up. Continue with the section “Installing System Software.” Trouble? n The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen. Adjust the brightness (¤) and contrast (O) controls until an image appears and the screen is easy to read.
Installing system software System software is a set of programs that your computer uses to start up and operate. To install system software on your hard disk, follow these steps. You do not need to install system software if you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen when you turn on the computer. 1. Find the Install Me First disk provided with your computer. Insert the disk into the floppy disk drive (metal end first, label side up). 2. Press the Return key on your keyboard to continue.
Continuing your work Next you see a message that asks whether you want to continue using your Macintosh. To continue working or to learn how to use the computer, use the trackball to choose Restart. 1. Place the index and middle fingers of your dominant hand on the trackball and the thumb of the same hand on the lower trackball button. Don’t press either button yet. 2. Roll the trackball around with your fingers. Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the direction that you roll the trackball.
4. Press and release one of the trackball buttons. What to do next Both buttons do the same thing. n The screen darkens, you hear a sound, and then after a moment the Macintosh desktop appears on the screen. n n If nothing happens, try clicking the word Restart again. Make sure that the tip of the arrow is inside the box with the word Restart. 8 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, continue with the section “Learning the Basics.
Your computer at a glance Microphone Elevation feet [ Printer port W Modem port O Contrast control I Power button ¤ Brightness control P Reset button ¥ Interrupt button ¯ ™ Video out port Power adapter port - Sound out port Security slot g SCSI port (HDI-30) ≈ Sound in port V Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port Floppy disk drive Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 9
Learning the basics Before you begin The PowerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you start using your computer as quickly as possible. Make sure your computer is turned on. If the screen is dark, try the following steps in order until you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen. n n The Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you need to master before you can use your computer.
Finding the tour Starting the tour from the hard disk Your Macintosh Basics tour may be on a floppy disk, or it may be on the computer’s hard disk. 1. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture labeled “Macintosh HD.” n n If the Macintosh desktop appeared on the screen when you first turned on your computer, then the system software and the Macintosh Basics tour were installed on your computer’s hard disk at the factory. Continue with the section “Starting the Tour From the Hard Disk.
2. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the picture following step 3. If it doesn’t, try steps 1 and 2 again, paying special attention to the following: n n n Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it. Be sure to press the trackball button twice. Try pressing twice more quickly and be careful not to roll the trackball while you press.
4. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following illustration: 5. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.” continues .
6. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following picture: 7. Follow the instructions on the screen and work through the tour. When you finish the tour, continue with “Turning the PowerBook On and Off ” and read the rest of this chapter for information that can help you use your computer safely and efficiently. Then turn to Chapter 2 and begin the tutorial.
Starting the tour from a floppy disk After a moment, your screen should look like this: 1. Insert the Macintosh Basics disk into the floppy disk drive (metal end first, label side up). Insert metal end first. continues .
2. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.” If you don’t see this screen, try again, paying special attention to the following: n n n Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it. Be sure to press the trackball button twice. Try pressing twice more quickly and be careful not to roll the trackball while you press. 4.
Turning the PowerBook on and off To turn the PowerBook off Your Macintosh PowerBook can be in one of three power states: off, sleep, or on. n If the computer is on, choose the Shut Down command from the Special menu. (The Macintosh Basics tour teaches how to choose a menu command.) Off When the PowerBook is off, the computer is not using any power or doing any work. The terms shut down and off both refer to this state.
Sleep Automatic sleep When the PowerBook is in sleep, it draws enough power to maintain the information in its memory (including any open programs and documents). The computer is on, but almost completely inactive. If you don’t use the computer for several minutes, it goes to sleep automatically. This conserves battery power. You will notice that if you spend several minutes reading without using the computer, or if you take a break, the screen may be dark when you’re ready to resume working.
On On/off summary When the PowerBook is on, you can do your work. To turn the PowerBook on n If the power state is And you want it to be Off Sleep On Off — — Press power button Sleep Press any key to wake, and then choose Shut Down — Press any key except Caps Lock (pressing the power button also works) On Choose Shut Down Choose Sleep — If the computer is off, press the power button (I).
When you turn on your computer When you turn on your PowerBook, the computer looks on the hard disk inside the computer for the system software it uses to start itself up. (A disk that contains the system software is called a startup disk.) When the computer finds the system software, it displays the icon shown and proceeds to start itself up. Menu bar Startup disk icon Trash icon When the startup process is complete, the Macintosh desktop appears on the screen.
Restarting a computer that’s already on You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again immediately—when you want to make certain changes to your control panels, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer from a different disk. n Choose Restart from the Special menu.
n Hold down the power button for 5 seconds. When you let go, the computer turns itself off. Turning the computer off with the power button erases the contents of a RAM disk. n Restart from a floppy disk. 1. Insert the Disk Tools disk into the floppy disk drive. 2. Press the power button. If the computer turns on, there is probably a problem with your hard disk.
Important care and safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others. ± Warning n n n Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical product and do not permit them to handle any cables.
s Caution n n n If you have a problem with your computer and nothing presented in the manuals that came with the computer solves the problem, take the computer to your authorized Apple dealer or service provider. Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the limited warranty. Contact your authorized Apple dealer or service provider for additional information about this or any other warranty question. Do not attempt to open the computer’s case. There are no user-serviceable parts inside.
n n n n n n Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard, and the trackball. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer, shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much got into the computer, you may have to bring the computer to an authorized Apple service provider for cleaning.
Health concerns associated with computer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with computer use can result from performing any number of activities. Misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist.
Arranging your work space and equipment The suggestions in this section can help you work more comfortably with your computer. Keyboard and trackball n Chair When you use the keyboard and trackball, your shoulders should be relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form a right angle, with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line. Whenever possible, use an adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support.
n If you prefer, you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by rotating the elevation feet at both ends of the back panel until they snap into position. Built-in display n n Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare and reflections from lights and windows. Make sure there is enough light to read the screen easily. You may need to adjust the brightness and contrast of the screen when you take the computer from one work location to another, or if the lighting in your work area changes.
External monitor If you sometimes use an external monitor, these suggestions may be helpful. n If possible, arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is at or slightly below your eye level while you’re working. The best distance from your eyes to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28 inches (45 to 70 cm). General suggestions n n n n Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections from lights and windows.
Chapter 2 Working on the Desktop In this chapter Before you begin You should have already n Review basic trackball skills: n n Moving the pointer n Choosing a command n Opening an icon n Looking at the contents of a window set up your computer according to the instructions in Chapter 1 gone through the Macintosh Basics tour supplied with your computer Make sure your computer is on.
Use the trackball Point Your computer has a two-button trackball. You use the ball itself to control the movements of a pointer on the screen. The pointer you’ll see most often is an arrow (8). You point to an object on the screen by rolling the trackball so the pointer is positioned over that object. When the pointer is an arrow, the tip of the arrow must be exactly over the object. You use the buttons to initiate actions that you want the computer to perform. Both trackball buttons do the same thing.
Click You click an object on the screen by pressing and quickly releasing a trackball button while the pointer is over that object. Practice clicking different objects on the Macintosh desktop, such as the startup hard disk icon near the upper-right corner and the Trash icon near the lower-right corner. When you click an icon, it becomes highlighted (the icon is darkened). A highlighted icon is said to be selected. A selected icon is the object of whatever action you choose next.
Press You press by holding down a trackball button without moving the trackball. 34 Chapter 2: Working on the Desktop Practice pressing the menu names and icons in the menu bar— start with the Apple (K) menu icon at the left side, through the menu names, and across to the Help and Application menu icons at the right side. Pressing a menu name or icon “pulls down” the menu. Read the items in each menu you pull down.
Drag You drag an object on the screen by pointing to that object and holding down a trackball button while you roll the trackball. Practice dragging the startup hard disk icon and the Trash icon around the Macintosh desktop. When you drag an icon, an outline of the icon follows the pointer on the screen. When you release the trackball button, the icon itself moves. When you’re finished practicing, drag the icons back to their original positions. Then click once in the middle of the desktop.
Choose a command Choosing a command involves using a combination of the trackball actions you’ve reviewed. 1. Point to the Special menu title in the menu bar. Giving orders to your computer Telling the Macintosh to do something involves two steps: 1. selecting an object on the screen, and 2. Press to pull down the Special menu. 2. choosing the action you want to perform on that object. 3.
Open an icon Opening an icon is your first exercise in telling the computer what you want it to do. 1. Click the startup hard disk icon to select it. The icon is in the upper-right corner of the screen. Unless someone has changed its name, the icon is called “Macintosh HD.” Make sure that the icon is highlighted (darkened), which means that it’s selected. When you choose the Open command, the selected icon opens into a window (in this case, the Macintosh HD window).
Look at the contents of a window Every window has several features that help you view the window’s contents. But before you can work with the contents of a window, you need to make that window the active window. 1. Click the Trash icon near the lower-right corner of the screen to select it. Make sure that the icon is highlighted, which means that it’s selected to be the object you’ll act upon next.
4. Drag to the Open command so it becomes highlighted, and then release the trackball button. When you choose the Open command, the Trash icon opens into a window (the Trash window). The Trash icon becomes filled in with a pattern of dots, indicating that it has been opened. Active window You should now have two windows on your Macintosh desktop: the Macintosh HD window and the Trash window. The Trash window is the active window. An active window has a series of solid lines at the top of the window.
5. Click anywhere in the Macintosh HD window to make it the active window. Notice that the solid lines now appear at the top of the Macintosh HD window. (The area containing the window title and the solid lines is called the title bar.) When windows overlap, the active window is the one that’s on top. Active window Make a window larger or smaller Sometimes you want to make a window larger, so you can see more of its contents, or smaller, so it takes up less space on your screen.
2. Drag the size box in any direction, and then release the trackball button. 3. Click the zoom box near the right end of the title bar. While you drag, an outline follows the pointer to indicate the window’s new size. The new size takes effect when you release the trackball button. Zoom box The window “zooms” to a size that shows all the items in the window. 4. Click the zoom box again. The window zooms back to its previous size (the size that you chose in step 2).
Move the hidden contents of a window into view 2. Point to the File menu title in the menu bar. As you work with your computer, you’ll encounter windows containing more than you can view on the screen at one time. You can view contents that are out of sight, as described in the following steps. 3. Press to pull down the File menu. 1. Check that the Macintosh HD window is active, then click the System Folder to select it. 4.
6. Drag the size box diagonally (up and to the left) to make the window about half its current size, and then release the trackball button. 7. Press the scroll arrow at the right end of the horizontal scroll bar. Scroll arrow The contents of the window scroll past, bringing into view the icons that were out of sight on the right. Vertical scroll bar Horizontal scroll bar 8. Press the scroll arrow at the left end of the horizontal scroll bar.
9. Drag the scroll box toward the middle of the horizontal scroll bar, and then release the trackball button. Close a window When you no longer need to see the contents of a window, you can close it by clicking the close box. Scroll box 1. In the (active) System Folder window, point to the close box near the left end of the title bar. Close box Now you see the icons near the middle of the window. The vertical scroll bar, scroll box, and scroll arrows work the same way. Try them. 2. Click the close box.
Move a window You can move a window anywhere on the screen by dragging its title bar. By changing the position and size of windows, you can arrange your Macintosh desktop in whatever way is best for you. Notice how the Macintosh HD window, because it is the active window, stays on top of the Trash window if and when the two windows overlap. 1. Point to the title bar of the (active) Macintosh HD window. Position the pointer anywhere on the title bar except over the close box or the zoom box. Title bar 3.
The window closes, and the Macintosh HD icon reappears in its previous form. The Trash window (the remaining window on the Macintosh desktop) becomes the active window. 4. Close the Trash window by choosing Close Window from the File menu. What’s on the desktop? Just as a desk’s large flat surface is its work space, the Macintosh “desktop” is the work space on your computer. The desktop metaphor gives you a familiar way of thinking about how to use the Macintosh.
Different types of icons represent different types of containers. Hard disks and floppy disks are like filing cabinets. You use disks to store files—your programs and the documents you create with them. Folders are like folders in a file drawer. You use folders to organize your files. Programs are files containing instructions to the computer that let you do certain types of work. Shared disks are like filing cabinets containing office supplies or information that you share with others in your work group.
Documents are files containing words, pictures, numbers, sounds—whatever you create with your programs. Windows let you see what’s inside containers Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers. When you open a disk icon, the window that appears shows you what’s on the disk. When you open the document icon representing a memo, the window that appears shows you the memo. Changing the size of a window or viewing its contents does not change the contents.
Using the keyboard You use the keyboard to type text and numbers, just as you would on a typewriter. (For touch typists, your keyboard has raised dots in the middle of the D key and the K key to help position your fingers on the home row.) Depending on the program you’re using, you can use special keys on the keyboard to give commands to the computer and to modify certain things that you do with the trackball.
Chapter 3 Creating and Changing a Document In this chapter n What “keyboard shortcuts” are and how to use them n How to quit a program n How to make a copy of a document n How to change the name of a document n How to use the Trash n How to open a program n How to use a program to create a document Before you begin n Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save it Make sure that your computer is on.
Open a program Your computer comes with a simple word-processing program called TeachText. You’re going to use this program to create a document. 1. Open the Macintosh HD icon. (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from the File menu.) The Macintosh HD window appears, showing you the contents of your hard disk. The contents include the TeachText program. When you open the TeachText program, there is one dramatic change on your desktop: n A window called “Untitled” appears.
Create a document Save your work The untitled window is like a blank sheet of paper. In the upper-left corner of the empty document is a blinking vertical line (9). This line is called the insertion point, because it marks the place where the text you type will be inserted. Work that you do in a program exists only in the computer’s memory until you save it onto a disk.
2. Type “Opening Lines”. Switch programs You can have several programs open on your Macintosh desktop at one time (how many depends on how much memory your computer has and how much memory the programs use). But only one program at a time can be the active program. The active program is the one that’s “on top of ” other open programs—in the same way that the active window is on top of other windows. The Opening Lines window is now the active window, and TeachText is the active program.
2. Make the Finder the active program by clicking the Macintosh HD icon, or clicking anywhere on the desktop outside the Opening Lines window. The Finder becomes the active program. Notice: n n n The Macintosh HD window appears on top of the Opening Lines window. The menu bar shows the Finder’s menu titles. The Application menu icon at the right end of the menu bar becomes the Finder icon. 3. Make the Opening Lines window active by clicking anywhere inside it.
You choose Finder by pointing to the Application menu icon, pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to highlight the name Finder, and then releasing the trackball button. The Finder becomes the active program, and the Macintosh HD window becomes the active window. 5. Make TeachText the active program by choosing TeachText from the Application menu. Close a document When you close a document, you do not close the program that you used to create it. (Closing a program is called quitting.
Two types of programs Programs that you use to do your work on the computer are called application programs, or applications, because they’re ways of applying computer technology to the work that you do. Word-processing programs, for example, are applications that enable you to write memos, novels, or whatever you need to write.
2. Open the Opening Lines icon by double-clicking it. Change a document The Opening Lines window shows you the text you typed. In this section you’ll make some changes to the text using techniques that work in most Macintosh programs. Keep two things in mind: n To double-click an icon, you click it twice in rapid succession without moving the pointer. (Use the trackball to position the pointer over the icon, and then click one of the trackball buttons twice.
3. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “people” (after “All”). 6. Move the I-beam pointer between the word “equal” and the period (to the immediate left of the period). 4. Drag horizontally, selecting the word “people”, and then release the trackball button. 7. Click the trackball button once. To drag, hold the trackball button down while you roll the trackball. The selected word is highlighted (surrounded by black).
Now you’ll rearrange some text. 9. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “they” (after “conscience,”). 12. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “Endowed”. 10. Drag horizontally, selecting the word “they”, and then release the trackball button. 13. Click to place the insertion point. 14. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. 11. With “they” selected, choose Cut from the Edit menu.
15. Press the space bar once, type “are”, and then press the space bar once again. Save your work so far The changes you’ve made so far are not part of Opening Lines until you save them. You save them by telling the computer to record them in the Opening Lines document that’s stored on your hard disk. 16. Move the I-beam pointer between the letters t and h in the word “they”. It’s important to remember that no change is “official” until you save it onto a disk.
Taking a shortcut You can choose some menu commands by using the keyboard instead of the trackball. A keyboard shortcut is a combination of keys that you press at the same time to get the same result as choosing a command from a menu. One of the keys you press is always the x key or another modifier key. Make more changes The changes you’ve made so far are now part of the document that’s stored on your hard disk. 1. Move the I-beam pointer (9) between the letters E and n in the word “Endowed”.
5. Press the Delete key once, press the space bar once, and then type “and”. 8. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate right of the “each other”. Do not drag. Do not click the trackball button yet. 9. Hold down the Shift key on your keyboard and click to select the words “each other”. 6. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of “each other”. Holding down the Shift key while you click selects the text between the insertion point and wherever you click. 10.
11. Select the word “togetherness” by double-clicking it. Quit a program Quitting a program closes the program as well as any open documents that were created using that program. (Simply closing a document leaves the program open and active.) 1. Make sure that the Opening Lines window is active. 2. Quit the TeachText program. To select a word by double-clicking it, position the I-beam pointer over the word and then click twice in rapid succession, without moving the pointer.
Opening and closing documents and programs Doing this Also causes this Opening a document Opens the program that created that document Making a document window active Makes the program that “owns” that document active Closing a document Simply closes that document; does not close the program that created that document (the program continues to use memory) Quitting a program Prompts you to save your work, then closes the program that created the active document (memory becomes available for other pr
3. Choose Duplicate from the File menu. Change the name of an icon You can change the name of any icon, using any characters except a colon (:). If you change an icon’s name and then open it, you’ll see that the name of its window has also changed. 1. Drag the “Opening Lines copy” icon away from the original icon so that the two icons do not overlap. 2. Click the name (not the icon) “Opening Lines copy.” Do this even if the icon is already selected.
3. With the name selected, type “Article 1”. Whatever you type replaces the selected text. 4. Press the Return key. Pressing Return saves the new name. Use the Trash When you no longer need a file or a folder, you can throw it away by dragging its icon to the Trash. Practice using the Trash by throwing away the “Article 1” document, which you created when you made a copy of the “Opening Lines” document. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now.
2. Drag the Article 1 icon to the Trash icon until both icons are highlighted, and then release the trackball button. If the Macintosh HD window is blocking the Trash icon, move the window by dragging its title bar. Both icons are highlighted when the tip of the arrow pointer reaches the Trash icon. 3. Open the Trash icon. (Click to select the icon, and then choose Open from the File menu, or click the Trash twice in quick succession.) The Trash window appears.
Chapter 4 Working With Disks In this chapter n What hard disks and floppy disks are for, and how they differ n How to insert and remove a floppy disk n How to prepare a disk for use n How to copy the contents of a disk n How to protect a floppy disk and its contents n How to put programs onto your computer Before you begin You need a new floppy disk to follow the steps in this chapter. You should be able to get floppy disks from wherever you got your computer.
Insert a floppy disk Follow these steps to insert your new disk into the disk drive. Your computer’s floppy disk drive can accommodate 3.5-inch (89-millimeter) floppy disks of two types: 1. Write “Practice” on a blank disk label. n n high-density disks, which can hold up to 1.4 megabytes (MB) of information double-sided disks, which can hold up to 800 kilobytes (K) of information (The next page explains kilobytes and megabytes.) Double-sided (800K) disk 2. Attach the label to your new floppy disk.
Floppy disks and hard disks 10,000 pages Both floppy disks and hard disks function like filing cabinets: you use them to store information. You can store much more on a hard disk than on a floppy disk, however, and the computer can retrieve information from a hard disk much faster. 5,000 pages Floppy disks and hard disks are represented by different icons.
Initialize a disk If you inserted a double-sided disk, this dialog box appears: Every new disk needs to be prepared for use. Preparing a new disk is called initializing it. In the same way that lines are drawn on a newly paved parking lot to mark off parking spaces, the initializing process creates organized areas on the disk where the computer can store information. Your computer’s hard disk was initialized at the factory, but you need to initialize any new floppy disks you want to use. 1.
3. Click Erase. A third dialog box appears: 5. Click OK. The computer takes about a minute to initialize the disk. Messages appear on the screen to let you know how the process is going. When initialization is finished, the disk’s icon appears directly below the Macintosh HD icon (the startup hard disk icon) near the upper-right corner of the desktop. 4. Type “Practice”. If you make any typing errors, press the Delete key to backspace over them.
Copy the contents of a disk Most programs you’ll use with your Macintosh are supplied on floppy disks. You can use a program more efficiently if you first install it on your hard disk. You install most programs by copying them from the floppy disk to your hard disk. To practice copying the contents of a floppy disk to your hard disk, use your practice disk (even though there’s nothing on it). 1.
3. Open the Practice folder icon. To open the icon, click the icon to select it and then choose Open from the File menu. The folder holds the contents of the floppy disk you’ve copied. In this case, the folder is empty because there’s nothing on the Practice disk. Taking care of floppy disks Follow the care instructions that came with your disks, and remember three key points: n 4. Close all the windows on the Macintosh desktop.
Take a floppy disk out of its drive 2. Eject the floppy disk by choosing Put Away from the File menu. You take a floppy disk out of its drive when you no longer need to get information from or store information on that disk. 1. Click the Practice floppy disk icon to select it. Click the icon, not its name. You choose Put Away by pointing to the File menu title, pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to the Put Away command, and releasing the trackball button.
Protect the contents of a disk 3. Turn the disk over and lock it by sliding the tab so that the square hole is open. You can lock a floppy disk so its contents cannot be changed in any way. When a disk is locked, you can look at the files it contains, but you cannot modify the files on it, delete them, or store any new files. Use your practice disk to practice locking and unlocking a floppy disk. 1.
On your own: Install your programs If you have a floppy disk drive and disks containing programs that you plan to use with your Macintosh, you can install the programs on your hard disk now (or you can wait until later and continue with the next chapter). The general instructions in this section describe how to copy the contents of a program disk to your hard disk. s Important: Some programs need to be installed in a particular way.
6. Click the program folder to select it. Throw away extra System Folders 7. Choose Open from the File menu. Your startup disk must have only one System Folder on it. Whenever you copy the contents of a program disk to your hard disk, make sure that you have not copied an extra System Folder. If you have, throw the extra System Folder away. The folder window appears, showing you the contents of the program folder. The folder has the same contents as the program disk. 8.
Chapter 5 Learning More About Your Computer In this chapter n How to open the Battery desk accessory n How to open the PowerBook control panel n How to use the Balloon Help system n Before you begin Make sure that your computer is on. This short chapter introduces you to the Battery desk accessory and the PowerBook control panel, with which you can monitor and control your computer’s power consumption.
Open the Battery desk accessory Open the PowerBook control panel The Battery desk accessory tells you approximately how much power is left in the battery as you use the computer. The PowerBook control panel lets you control the balance between power consumption and system performance (it also lets you control other PowerBook features). To open the Battery desk accessory: n Choose Battery from the Apple (K) menu. To open the PowerBook control panel: 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.
2. Open the PowerBook icon. Use Balloon Help Balloon Help explains icons, menus, commands, and other objects on the Macintosh screen, using balloons similar to those in comic strips. Each balloon points to the object it explains. Many Macintosh programs also have Balloon Help. (Click the icon once to select it, then choose Open from the File menu. Or double-click the icon.) The PowerBook control panel appears.
4. To show a balloon describing your startup hard disk, point to the hard disk icon. A balloon appears next to the icon. Balloons do not affect how you work with your computer. You still select icons, choose commands, and so on. Turn off Balloon Help Balloons can block items on the screen as you work, so you may wish to turn them off when you're finished reading. m Choose Hide Balloons from the Help menu. 5. Click your hard disk icon to select it. You can select the icon even with the balloon showing. 6.
Use Part III of this book What next? Part III of this book, Macintosh Reference, contains all the information you need to use your computer’s hardware and system software. Unlike Parts I and II, which are meant to be read from beginning to end, Part III is meant to be used like an encyclopedia: you turn to it when you need to look up some information, and read only that information. Congratulations.
Chapter 6 Setting Up Your Programs If your Macintosh cannot find a startup disk, it displays this icon in the middle of the screen: In this chapter m Installing or updating system software m Installing your programs m Working with several programs at a time m Using the Scrapbook m Using a RAM disk Installing or updating system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use.
Before you install Installing system software You use the Installer program to install, reinstall, or update system software on a startup disk. If you have access to the system software on a network, open the Installer program and then follow this procedure, beginning with step 4. To install system software from another hard disk or a desktop Macintosh, see the chapter on expanding your computer system.
4. Click OK. 5. Make sure that the hard disk named in the box is the one you want to install system software on. The Easy Install dialog box appears. Parts of system software to be installed Click to install on a different disk. If it isn’t, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears. 6. Click Install. 7. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. If you are installing from floppy disks, you see messages asking you to insert different disks. 8.
Installing customized system software Custom installation allows you to select a combination of system files for your specific needs. You can also use custom installation to install or update a single file, or to save space on your hard disk by installing only the files you want. To install from floppy disks, begin with step 1; to install over a network, open the Installer program and begin with step 4. Make sure the system software you’re using is compatible with your computer. 1. Shut down your Macintosh.
s Important: Be sure to install the files that your Macintosh uses to communicate with the printer, network, and other equipment it is connected to. s 8. Click Install. 9. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. If you are installing from floppy disks, you may see messages asking you to insert different disks. 10. When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Quit. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again.
Installing your programs Most application programs come on floppy disks, and you install them by simply copying them from the floppy disks to your hard disk. Some programs need to be installed in a particular way. If your program came with specific instructions, follow them. To use your programs most effectively: m Put only one copy of each program on your hard disk. Having more than one copy can lead to problems when you’re using the program.
Checking for computer viruses Viruses—programs that damage files or erase disks—can be introduced into your computer from a floppy disk, from a shared disk on a network, or from an electronic bulletin board service. Programs that detect and eliminate viruses are available from user groups, bulletin boards, and dealers. You should check for viruses frequently if you exchange disks or data with other users. Some programs check for viruses automatically.
Working with several programs at a time Switching programs You can open as many programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.
Changing the amount of memory a program uses Each program you open sets aside the amount of memory it needs. (If you don’t have enough memory to open a program, you need to quit one of the programs already open to free up some memory.) If you want to be able to open more programs, decrease the minimum size. If you type a size smaller than “Suggested size,” the program may work more slowly, show other performance problems, or not work at all.
4. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. Using the Scrapbook You can use the Scrapbook to store text, graphics, sounds, and other elements that you frequently include in your documents. The new element is pasted ahead of the one previously displayed. Storing items in the Scrapbook: Copying items from the Scrapbook: 1. In your document, select the text or other element that you want to store in the Scrapbook. 1. Choose Scrapbook from the Apple (K) menu. 2. Choose Copy from the Edit menu. 2.
Using a RAM disk Creating a RAM disk A RAM disk is a portion of your computer’s memory that you set aside for use as a temporary storage device. Using a RAM disk conserves power because the computer uses less energy to access RAM than to access a hard disk or a floppy disk. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. To use a RAM disk, you should have at least 4 MB of RAM in your computer because memory assigned to a RAM disk is not available for opening programs. 2.
5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. A RAM disk icon appears on the desktop when the computer restarts. 6. Drag the items you want to the RAM disk icon. Resizing or removing a RAM disk 1. Copy any programs or documents that you want to save onto the internal hard disk or a floppy disk. If you want to resize a RAM disk, you need to remove its contents and then restore them. Erasing a RAM disk 2. Drag everything in the RAM disk to the Trash. There are two ways to erase the contents of a RAM disk.
Making a RAM disk the startup disk If you have 6 MB or more of memory, you can make a RAM disk your startup disk. 1. Create a RAM disk. 2. Locate and open the Installer program on the Install Me First disk. The RAM disk is now your startup disk. Be sure to keep a System Folder on your hard disk as well, in case the contents of the RAM disk are erased. Also, keep a copy of the RAM disk contents on another disk. (Don’t keep two System Folders on a single disk.
Chapter 7 Power Management In this chapter Monitoring the battery charge level Your computer’s main power source is a nickel-cadmium battery. The battery provides power for up to 3 hours of work (the exact time depends on how often you use the hard disk, how bright the screen is, and other factors). Use the Battery desk accessory to monitor the charge level of the battery so you can recharge it when necessary.
The Battery desk accessory appears. Responding to low-power messages When the battery charge drops to about 15%, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. The work time remaining after you see the first message will vary depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly. The line of rectangles is the battery gauge. Black rectangles indicate the charge level.
The second message is followed almost immediately by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. When time is up, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. If you continue working until the computer goes to sleep automatically, you may not be able to wake it again until you recharge the depleted battery in the computer for 15 minutes.
s Warning: Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer. s A lightning bolt icon appears in the Battery desk accessory when the power adapter is plugged in and the battery is recharging. The lightning bolt icon disappears when recharging is about 85% complete, though recharging continues.
Recharging with a recharger To recharge a battery, follow these steps. A battery recharger and additional batteries are available as options for your computer. If you purchase a recharger and an extra battery, you can charge one battery while you use the other, so you always have a fully charged battery on hand. 1. Place the recharger on a level surface. 2. Connect the recharger and the power adapter as shown in the illustration. The recharger can accommodate two batteries.
3. Place the battery in the recharger as shown. Recharging begins immediately. You can remove a battery from the recharger at any time. s Important: To preserve a battery’s charge, don’t leave it in the recharger if the power adapter is not plugged into an electrical outlet. s n n No light: The recharger is not plugged in, or the battery is defective. (If the light goes off during recharging, there is a problem with the battery.) Yellow: The battery is charging.
4. Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment. Maximizing battery life 5. If you are inserting another battery, slide it into the battery compartment. To maximize battery life, discharge and then recharge the battery completely once every 90 days. Just use the computer as you normally would, but ignore the low-power messages that appear on the screen. (Make sure to save your work, however.
Maximizing work time n Your PowerBook’s battery can provide up to 3 hours of work time before you need to recharge it. The actual work time available depends on what equipment you’re using with your computer and what steps you take to conserve power while you work. Ways to conserve battery power n n The more of these steps you take, the longer you can use your battery before recharging it. n n Turn down the screen brightness whenever possible.
Adjusting the battery conservation settings 3. Close the PowerBook control panel. The Battery Conservation section of the PowerBook control panel gives you several ways to regulate your computer’s power consumption. The easiest approach You can think of the battery conservation setting as an automatic sleep setting. If you don’t use the computer for several minutes (how many depends on which setting you choose), it goes to sleep without any action on your part.
More about automatic sleep Using the battery conservation options The Battery Conservation slider controls two different power conservation features: system sleep and hard disk sleep. The Battery Conservation section of the PowerBook control panel includes a button labeled Options. Click this button to see more options that affect your computer’s power consumption. n n System sleep is a state in which your computer uses only the power it needs to maintain the contents of RAM.
Processor cycling 4. Close the PowerBook control panel. If the computer is not doing anything for a few seconds, it reduces the power consumption of its microprocessor. The microprocessor comes back up to speed instantaneously when you resume work. This feature is called processor cycling. To turn processor cycling back on, click “Allow cycling.” You don’t need to do anything to use the processor cycling feature.
Processor speed 3. Click “Reduced speed.” The processor speed feature allows you to slow the computer’s microprocessor speed (from 33 or 25 MHz to 16 MHz). Some programs may work more slowly, but you may gain up to 15–20 minutes of work time before you need to recharge the battery. (The amount of time you gain depends on how you are using the computer.) To slow the processor speed, follow these steps. 4. Click OK. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu, and open the PowerBook control panel. 5.
Chapter 8 Using Disks In this chapter Preparing a new disk for use Before you can use a new disk, you need to prepare it so the computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is called initializing (or formatting) the disk.
1. Insert Disk Tools and turn on your computer. 2. Locate the Apple HD SC Setup icon and open it. You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program. 4. Click Initialize. 5. Click Init to initialize the hard disk. 6. If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK. The name of the hard disk currently selected is shown as the “volume name.
Initializing a floppy disk Initializing a new floppy disk prepares the disk to store information. 1. Insert a new floppy disk into your floppy disk drive. If you inserted a high-density disk (1.4 MB), this message appears: 2. If you inserted a high-density disk, click Initialize. If you inserted a double-sided disk, click Two-Sided. A message alerts you that you’re about to erase any information that may be on the floppy disk. A new floppy disk has no information on it. 3. Click Erase.
Erasing a floppy disk Designating a startup disk Erasing a disk actually reinitializes it. If you use more than one hard disk with your computer, you can specify which hard disk you want the computer to use as the startup disk. (A startup disk must have a System Folder on it that contains the correct version of the system software.) s Warning: When you erase a disk, you lose any information that was on the disk. s 1. Click the icon of the disk you want to erase. 2.
Scanning order for startup disks Protecting the information on a disk When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk (a disk containing a System Folder) in the following sequence: The information on a locked floppy disk or in a locked file can be opened or copied but cannot be changed. 1. internal floppy disk drive (if any) 2. external floppy disk drive (if any) 3. disk (or RAM disk) selected in the Startup Disk control panel 4. internal hard disk 5.
Locking a file 4. Close the Info window. You use the Get Info command to lock a document or a program. Locking a program may affect its operation. To unlock the file, click the Locked box again (so the X disappears). 1. Click the icon of the file you want to lock. You can’t lock a folder, but you can lock items in a folder. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. Locking an alias does not lock the original file. Locking an alias merely protects it from being thrown away. 3.
Backing up your files If you can’t save files on a floppy disk Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals. If you can’t save files on a floppy disk, the disk may be locked, full, or damaged, or the disk drive may not be working properly. Try the following: n n n n n You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them onto floppy disks. You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk, or to a hard disk.
Ejecting a disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk You can eject a floppy disk by doing any of the following: If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: n Click the disk icon to select it and choose Put Away from the File menu. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. n Drag the disk icon to the Trash. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. (Dragging a disk to the Trash does not erase the disk’s contents.
Caring for disks Testing and repairing disks For information on floppy disk care, see the section on working with disks in Part II of this book, or consult the instructions that came with your floppy disks. Both floppy disks and hard disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling. If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you can use Disk First Aid or Apple HD SC Setup to try to diagnose and correct the problem.
n n If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer. Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID number 7, and the internal hard disk has the number 0). Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. (See the chapter on enhancing your computer system for information about setting SCSI ID numbers and checking termination.
3. Click the Drive button until the name of the disk you want to test appears. Click the Eject button if you want to insert a different floppy disk. 4. Click Open. 5. Choose Repair Automatically from the Options menu. 6. Click the Start button to begin testing the disk. 7. When testing and repair are finished, choose Quit from the File menu. If you want to test another disk, choose Close from the File menu, then select and open another disk (repeat steps 3–7).
Testing a hard disk 4. Click Test. You can test a hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the system software disk labeled Disk Tools. 5. When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit. 1. Insert Disk Tools and start up your computer. 2. Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon. 3. Click the Drive button until the disk you want appears.
Chapter 9 Organizing Your Files Straightening up your files In this chapter To accomplish this . . . Do this . . .
Using folders to organize your files Creating and naming folders Macintosh folders, like the paper folders in a file cabinet, can be used to store and organize your work. You can place one folder inside another to create a hierarchy of files. You can create a new folder whenever the Finder is the active program. A new folder appears in the active window (or on the desktop if no window is active). The name is already selected. Hard disk Budgets 1. Choose New Folder from the File menu. Proposals 2.
Filing documents when you save them The first time you save a document (or whenever you choose Save As to create another version of that document), a directory dialog box appears. A directory is the list of files and folders contained in a folder or on a disk. You use this box to name your document and indicate where to store it. Directory dialog boxes vary slightly from program to program, but all share certain features. Use this pop-up menu to see the directory of a higher-level folder or disk.
Making items easier to find Uses for aliases Your Macintosh provides several ways to make a file, folder, or other item easy to find and open. You can Alias for Location Purpose Any item that could be stored in several places Everywhere the item belongs You can get access to an item from several places. Apple Menu Items folder On the desktop You can easily add or remove Apple menu items.
Locating the original of an alias Installing an item in the Apple menu An alias’s Info window shows the location of the original. You can install any item in the Apple menu, and then open the item by choosing it from the menu. 1. Select the alias whose original you want to find. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 1. Open the System Folder icon and locate the Apple Menu Items folder. 2. Drag the item you want to install (or its alias) into the Apple Menu Items folder.
2. Type the name (or part of the name) of the item you want to find. Finding an item When the Finder is the active program, you can use the Find command in the File menu to find any item on any disk connected to your computer. (The Find command cannot locate items inside the System file. You need to open the System file to see its contents.) Finding an item by name 1. Choose Find from the File menu. The dialog box that appears lets you find an item by name. Capitalization does not have to match. 3.
Finding an item using other criteria The content of the middle pop-up menu and the text area vary according to the item selected in the left pop-up menu. You can use the Find command to find items by size, label, date, or other characteristics. 3. Choose an item from the left pop-up menu. 1. Choose Find from the File menu. 4. Choose an item from the middle pop-up menu. 2. If you see a button labeled More Choices, click the button. 5.
6. Choose a search location from the pop-up menu labeled Search. 8. Click the Find button when you’ve finished selecting options. The first matching item is shown highlighted in a Finder window. To see the next matching item, choose Find Again from the File menu. If the item is found on the desktop, a message appears. If no item is found, you hear an alert sound. When you display items all at once, they are shown highlighted in an outline view. Location for the search 7.
Finding items that meet two criteria Ways to use the Find command You can locate items that meet two sets of criteria, such as all items created before a certain date and larger than a certain size. The Find command can help you locate files quickly, organize documents, and develop an efficient system for backing up and archiving your work. 1. Choose the first criterion. 2. Click the “all at once” box so that an X appears. This characteristic Can be used to locate Name 1.
Creating a template or stationery Most documents can be saved as or converted into a stationery pad, which is a template form of the document. The template retains its format and content, and you can use it repeatedly as a master for similar documents with different content. Many programs let you save a document as a stationery pad when you choose Save or Save As. Click the stationery pad option to save your document as a template.
4. Close the Info window. The document icon now appears as a stationery pad icon. When you open a stationery pad, an untitled window appears showing the contents of the stationery, or a dialog box appears asking you to name the new document. Using the Info window The Get Info command displays information about a selected item. 1. Click to select the item you want information about. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu.
Using the View menu Assigning a label to a file You can use the View menu to display the contents of a window by icon or small icon, or you can list items according to various characteristics such as name, size, or kind. (You can use the Views control panel to change how files are listed and what information is included in the list. See the chapter on adapting your computer to your own use.) You can add a label and its associated color (or shade of gray) to a file.
Tips on transferring files You can transfer files from your computer’s internal hard disk in the following ways: m Over a network You can connect your computer to a network and transfer files over the network. For information, see the networking chapter. m Over telephone lines If your computer is connected to a modem or has a modem installed, you can transfer files over telephone lines using an appropriate communications program. For more information, see the chapter on expanding your computer system.
Chapter 10 Sound, Color, and Video In this chapter m Setting the beep sound Setting the beep sound Many programs have the computer make a sound when your attention is required or when you’re attempting an action that the computer cannot perform at that time. m Installing a sound You can choose the type of beep sound that you want your computer to make. You can also set the sound’s volume. m Removing a sound 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. m Recording sounds 2.
3. Click the beep sound that you want your computer to use. Installing a sound Your computer comes with several beep sounds. You can get additional sounds from various sources. m To install a sound, you drag its icon to the System Folder icon (not the System Folder window). The sound is automatically installed in the System file, where it belongs. When you click a sound to select it, it’s played at the current volume setting. 4. Drag the slider up or down to set the volume.
Removing a sound Recording sounds You can remove sounds in the Sound control panel. Make sure you have a backup copy of the sounds on floppy disk. (To copy a sound, you can open the System file to see its icon.) If your computer has a built-in microphone, or a sound input port (X), you can record a sound and add it to the Sound control panel. (See the chapter on expanding your computer system for information on connecting a microphone or other audio source.) 1.
5. Click the Add button. 10. Type a name for the sound, and click OK. 6. Get ready to record, then click the Record button. Recording begins immediately. You have ten seconds to record your sound. There is no volume control. The new sound appears in the Sound control panel. Its icon also appears in the System file. 7. Click Stop to stop recording. 8. To listen to the sound you recorded, click Play. 9. To save the sound you recorded, click Save.
Displaying colors or grays You can designate how many colors or shades of gray you want your monitor to display. (How many colors or grays your computer can display depends on the video capability it has. See the technical specifications of your computer for more information.) You set the number of colors or grays in the Monitors control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 2. Open the Monitors control panel. 3.
Changing the highlight color or gray You can change the color or shade of gray your computer uses to highlight selected text on the screen. You make this adjustment in the Color control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Color control panel. 2. Press the “Highlight color” pop-up menu to open it and drag to choose a color or choose Other. The selected color appears in the “Sample text” box. If you choose Other, a dialog box appears.
3. To change the brightness of the color wheel, drag the scroll box up or down. Changing the color of window borders 4. Click a color on the color wheel to select it. You can change the color of window borders. You make this adjustment in the Color control panel. The new color is displayed in the top half of the square. The current color remains in the bottom half of the square for comparison; you can click there to go back to it. 1.
Changing the background pattern You can change the background pattern that appears on your computer screen in the General Controls panel. You can choose from a variety of patterns provided, or you can create your own design by editing one of the patterns supplied. You can also use the colors or grays you want in the pattern. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the General Controls panel. Color bar appears if your monitor is set to display colors or grays. 3.
5. To edit a pattern, click in the pattern editing area to the left of the sample pattern. Each dot in the square changes color when you click it. Your changes are displayed in the sample pattern. Pattern editing area (magnified view of pattern) Sample pattern Color bar for selecting colors or grays Assigning a color to an icon You can assign a color (or shade of gray) and its associated label to an icon. Labels and colors are a way to group related files (choose By Label from the View menu).
Changing the colors in the Label menu You can change the colors or shades of gray (as well as the labels) in the Label menu. You make these changes in the Labels control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu (K) and open the Labels control panel. 2. Click the color you want to change. A dialog box appears. New color is in top half, current color is in bottom half Circle indicates selected color. Brightness control Numbers correspond to the selected color on the wheel.
3. Click a color on the color wheel to select it. The new color is displayed in the top half of the square. The current color remains in the bottom half of the square for comparison; you can click there to go back to it. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Monitors control panel. 4. To experiment with other colors, drag the pointer around the wheel or click at another point on the wheel. 5. Click OK when you have selected the color or shade of gray you want.
2. Check the ID numbers of your monitors by clicking the Identify button. A large number appears in the center of each monitor’s screen; it corresponds to the number of the icon in the control panel. The ID numbers help you identify which icon represents which monitor. 3. Decide which monitor is your main monitor and drag the menu bar to the top of that monitor icon.
Controlling automatic screen dimming 2. Click the On button under Screen Dimming. Your computer screen dims automatically when the computer is left idle. It does so in order to avoid “burn-in,” which occurs when the same image is on the screen for too long, and to conserve power consumption (the screen’s backlight is the single biggest consumer of your computer’s battery power). 3. Drag the slider to set the delay. You can specify the delay before the screen is dimmed.
Magnifying the screen image The CloseView control panel lets you magnify the image on your computer screen up to sixteen times. It is supplied as part of your system software. CloseView is not automatically installed by the Installer program when you install system software. To install CloseView: 1. Locate the CloseView control panel. 152 Chapter 10: Sound, Color, and Video 2. Drag the CloseView icon to the System Folder icon (not the System Folder window) on your startup disk. 3.
To turn the magnification on or off, press x–Option–X. (When CloseView is on and the magnification is off, a rectangle on the screen indicates which area will be magnified. You can move the rectangle by moving the pointer.) To increase or decrease magnification, press x–Option–Up Arrow or x–Option–Down Arrow. You can set additional options in the CloseView control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the CloseView control panel.
Chapter 11 Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use In this chapter n n Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works n Adjusting the way the keyboard works n Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type n Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing n Adjusting the blinking of a menu item n Adjusting the blinking of the insertion point n Changing the way the contents of windows appear n Changing an icon n Turning off the Empty Trash warning n Managing memory Specifying which items you want
Specifying which items you want opened at startup To have a program or a document open automatically when you start up your computer, drag its icon or its alias to the Startup Items folder, which is inside the System Folder. Programs or documents that you put in the Startup Items folder are opened when you start up your computer. You can open as many files as your computer’s memory allows.
Most special files are stored in folders inside the System Folder. When you drag a file’s icon to the System Folder icon, your computer recognizes which type of file it is and stores the file in the appropriate folder. This folder holds networking and printing software and files that extend your computer’s capabilities. The System file holds sounds, and keyboard files. Removing files from the System Folder You remove a file from the System Folder by dragging its icon out of the System Folder.
Changing the items in the Label menu Setting the time and date You can change the labels (as well as the colors) in the Label menu. You make these changes in the Labels control panel. Your computer has a clock that keeps track of the time and date (a battery keeps it running when the computer is turned off ). 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Labels control panel.
Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off You can set the Alarm Clock to alert you when it’s time for an appointment or a meeting. 1. Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple (K) menu. To set the date, click the month, date, or year to select it, then click the up or down arrow (or type the new number). To set the time, click the hours, minutes, or seconds to select them, then click the up or down arrow (or type the number). 2.
3. Click the alarm clock icon in the lower-right corner to select it. Button in the upper position indicates that the alarm is on. The alarm clock icon becomes highlighted when you select it. The time that appears in the middle section is the current alarm clock setting. Icon showing ringing alarm 8. Click the close box to close the Alarm Clock. The alarm will not go off unless you close the Alarm Clock, click the lever to make the Alarm Clock smaller, or make another window active. 4.
Changing the date format 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Date & Time control panel. 2. In the Date & Time control panel, click Date Formats. 3. In the dialog box that appears, make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box. 4. Click OK to close the control panel. Choose standard formats from this pop-up menu. Type prefix and separators in these boxes. Use this pop-up menu to set the order of elements in the date.
3. Make the changes you want. Changing the time format A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Date & Time control panel. 2. In the Date & Time control panel, click Time Formats. 4. Click OK to close the control panel. Choose standard formats from this pop-up menu. When you choose the 12-hour clock, you can also choose either 0:00 or 12:00 to represent noon and midnight.
Changing number and currency formats 2. Make the changes that you want. You can choose among several formats for displaying numbers and currency. 3. Close the control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Numbers control panel. Choose standard formats from this pop-up menu. Type the decimal separator here or choose a separator from the pop-up menu. Type the thousands separator here or choose a separator from the pop-up menu. Type the currency symbol here.
Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works You can adjust two aspects of trackball or mouse operation in the Mouse control panel: tracking, which is the relation between trackball or mouse movement and pointer movement on the screen, and double-clicking speed. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Mouse control panel. 2. Click the tracking speed you want.
Adjusting the way the keyboard works 2. To adjust the rate at which a key repeats when it is held down, click the button for the rate you want. You can adjust the rate at which a character repeats when its key is held down as well as the delay before the character begins repeating. You can also change the keyboard layout if you have additional keyboard layouts installed. 3. To adjust the delay before keys repeat, click the button for the delay you want. 1.
Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing With the system software feature called Sticky Keys, you can type keyboard shortcuts (such as x-S for the Save command) without actually pressing the keys simultaneously. The system software feature called Slow Keys lets you type very slowly and ignores accidental keystrokes by delaying the acceptance of the next keystroke. n To turn Sticky Keys on or off, press the Shift key five times without moving the mouse.
Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Adjusting the blinking of the insertion point You can change the number of times a menu item blinks when it’s chosen. You make this adjustment in the General Controls panel. You can adjust how quickly the insertion point blinks (the insertion point indicates where any text you type will appear). You make this adjustment in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the General Controls panel. 2.
Changing the way the contents of windows appear Options for clean-up of icons Pop-up menu of fonts for icon names and list views Pop-up menu of font sizes for icon names and list views You can change the way the contents of Finder windows are displayed, and you can change the items in the View menu. You make these changes in the Views control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Views control panel.
Changing an icon 2. Copy the picture by choosing Copy from the Edit menu. You can change an icon by creating or copying a picture you want and then pasting it into an icon’s Info window. 3. Switch to the Finder, then click to select an icon you want to change. Some icons can’t be changed, including those for control panels and other parts of the system software. Every icon fits inside a small square. 4. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 1. Select the picture you want to use for the icon. 5.
6. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. The picture you copied replaces the selected icon in the Info window. If the picture is bigger than the icon, it automatically shrinks to fit. Turning off the Empty Trash warning When you choose Empty Trash from the Special menu, a message warns you that you will not be able to recover the contents of the Trash once it’s emptied. (The warning helps you avoid throwing away items unintentionally.) You can turn off this warning in the Trash’s Info box. 1.
Managing memory Making the most of your memory Occasionally you may need to make adjustments in how your Macintosh uses its random-access memory (RAM) in order to work efficiently with large programs or with several programs at once. Remember the following tips on memory management: Checking memory use n n You can find out how much memory your computer has, how much of it is available, and how much memory is being used by each program you have open.
n n Reducing the size of the disk cache makes more memory available. (See the disk cache section in this chapter.) Reducing the amount of memory a program uses may allow you to open more programs at once (see the chapter on setting up your programs). You set the size of the disk cache in the Memory control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Memory control panel.
Using hard disk space as memory 2. Click the On button to turn on virtual memory. Your computer can use space on a hard disk to increase the memory available for opening programs. The disk space, called virtual memory, is not available for storing files. 3. Press the pop-up menu and drag to choose a hard disk to use for virtual memory. Your computer should contain enough built-in memory for your regular needs—that is, for the programs you frequently have open simultaneously.
5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. Turning on 32-bit addressing After you restart, your computer’s total memory includes the virtual memory you set aside on the hard disk. Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu to see memory use information. Your computer can use very large amounts of memory (more than 8 megabytes) by taking advantage of a feature called 32-bit addressing—the use of very long (32-digit) binary numbers to control the way data is manipulated.
Chapter 12 Printing In this chapter n Before you print n Printing your work n Controlling background printing n Working with fonts Before you print Before you can print, your computer must be connected to a printer, either directly or over a network. See the information that came with your printer for instructions on how to connect it, or check with your network adminstrator.
If your printer is connected directly to your computer Make sure you’ve connected the printer according to the instructions that came with it. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple (K) menu. If you have a Personal LaserWriter SC, you’re finished. Close the Chooser now. 3. Click the icon of the port to which your printer is connected. If your printer is connected to the computer’s modem port (marked with the icon W), you’re finished. Close the Chooser now. 2. Click the icon of your printer to select it.
1. Choose Chooser from the Apple (K) menu. 3. Click the icon of the printer you want to use. 2. Click the Active button next to the word “AppleTalk.” v If your printer’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The printer software is not in your System Folder. Close the Chooser and install the software you need. If you have an Apple printer, you can use the Installer to add the printer software.
Selecting Page Setup options You use the Page Setup dialog box when you’ve selected a new printer in the Chooser, or when you want to use a different paper size or printing options. n When an ImageWriter printer is selected, this Page Setup dialog box appears: Choose Page Setup from the File menu and select the options you want.
Updating printer software on networked computers All computers that share printers on a network must have the same version of the printer software. The printer restarts itself each time a different version is used (which takes time and clears any fonts from its temporary memory). s Important: All computers on a network must have the same printer software versions in the System Folder. s You or your network administrator should update the printer software on all Macintosh computers on the network.
If you want to update the printer software that is already installed on your disk, go to step 5. When you click Customize, the custom installation dialog box shows a list of printer software. Printer software available Printing your work You can print a document while it’s open and its window is active; you can also print documents while the Finder is active. 1. Make sure that the document you want to print is in the active window. If you’re printing in the Finder, select the documents you want to print.
v Printing color or gray-scale documents: You can print color or gray-scale documents on any color printer that can use the LaserWriter printer software. If you print a color document on a black-and-white printer, the document is produced as a halftone (that is, it is composed of patterns of dots). v Some programs offer additional printing options. See the manuals that came with your programs for more information on their printing features. 3. Click Print. A status message appears.
Solutions to common printing problems If nothing happens or if you see an error message when you try to print, try the following: n Make sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up. n Check the cable connections to the printer. n n n n n If your printer is an ImageWriter, make sure that the Select light is on. (If not, press the Select button.) Make sure that the printer has paper and that the paper is feeding properly.
Controlling background printing You can use PrintMonitor to If you are using a LaserWriter or StyleWriter printer and the background printing option is turned on in the Chooser, you can continue to work while your documents are printing. n check the printing of your document n cancel a document that’s printing or waiting to print n You don’t need to do anything once background printing is turned on.
Working with fonts A font is a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols in a distinctive typographic design. Several fonts come with your computer’s system software. They are stored in the Fonts folder (inside the System Folder on your startup disk). You can install additional fonts and remove fonts. Additional fonts are supplied on one of the system software disks. Fonts are also available from independent manufacturers, user groups, and electronic bulletin board services.
Bitmap fonts (also called fixed-size fonts) appear only in certain sizes, because each character is a grid of black-and-white dots (called a bitmap), which is a rendering of the character’s shape in a specific size. Installing fonts 1. Quit all open programs. 2. Locate the font you want to install, and drag it to the System Folder icon (not the System Folder window) on your startup disk. Fonts are supplied either as individual files (for individual fonts) or in suitcases (for font families).
Removing fonts Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer 1. Quit all open programs. If you’re using a LaserWriter printer equipped with PostScript and you want to print with PostScript fonts that are not built into your printer, you can transfer, or download, those fonts from your System Folder to the printer. Downloading fonts saves printing time if you plan to print several documents that use those fonts. 2. Open the System folder on your startup disk. 3. Locate the Fonts folder and open it.
2. Choose Download Fonts from the File menu. 3. If the font you want to download is not listed, click the Add button to add fonts to the list. 4. In the directory dialog box, locate your font, click its name, and then click Add. Fonts available for downloading Click to remove selected fonts from the list. Click to download all listed fonts to the printer. Click to display a directory dialog box for locating and selecting additional fonts.
Finding out about available fonts Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility Many programs have a Font menu that lists the fonts installed in your system, though some programs do not list them all. You can open the Fonts folder, inside the System Folder, to see all the fonts stored there. You can also see available fonts with the Key Caps desk accessory in the Apple (K) menu.
Restarting a LaserWriter printer Turning the printer’s start page on or off Restarting the printer clears its memory, removing the fonts stored there. The LaserWriter can print a start page each time it is turned on or restarted. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. 2. Choose Restart Printer from the Utilities menu. 2. Choose Start Page Options from the Utilities menu. 3. Click Restart. 3. Click the On or Off button. 4. Click OK.
Transferring a PostScript file to a LaserWriter 4. Type a name for the log, and then click Save. You can use the LaserWriter Font Utility to send a file in PostScript format to a LaserWriter printer. The file is sent to the printer and a record of the PostScript activity is saved in the log. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. You can open the log to see the sequence of PostScript commands when the file was sent. 2. Choose Download PostScript File from the Utilities menu. 3.
Chapter 13 Using Your Computer on a Network What networking offers When your computer is connected to a network, you can: n Gain access to information on other computers. n Allow others access to information on your own computer.
You can designate specific folders and hard disks on your computer as “shared files” that other people can gain access to. n Print documents on network printers. n Update files over the network automatically. 1. … 2. … n Link your programs to programs on other computers. You can automatically update documents created in programs that use the Macintosh system software’s publish-and-subscribe feature. (See the instructions that came with your programs for information about publish-and-subscribe.
Connecting to a network Turning on AppleTalk Your computer has built-in AppleTalk networking software. This software directly supports the LocalTalk cables you need to connect your computer to the network. (If your computer has the appropriate port or expansion card, AppleTalk also supports Ethernet and TokenRing cables.) The first time you turn on your computer after you have connected it to a network, you need to make sure that AppleTalk is turned on. 1. Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 1.
3. Close the Chooser. When AppleTalk is active, Macintosh PowerBook computers go to sleep automatically only when they run out of battery power, or when the power adapter is plugged in and the PowerBook is not connected to any shared disks on the network. 2. Type your name in the box labeled Owner Name and press Tab. Naming your computer and its owner Before you use the network, you should give your computer a name and name yourself as its owner. 1.
Gaining access to files on shared disks Connecting to a shared disk You can retrieve and store information on other computers connected to your network. For example, a colleague can place some files for you on a shared disk called a file server— a computer dedicated to storing shared files. Individually owned computers on your network might also have shared disks. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple (K) menu. Before you begin 2. Make sure that AppleTalk is active. 3.
v If the AppleShare icon does not appear: Make sure that AppleTalk is active in the Chooser. Make sure that the AppleShare file is in the Extensions folder in your System Folder, and restart your computer. If that doesn’t work, use the Installer to install the AppleTalk software. v 7. Click Guest or Registered User. Click here if you are not registered on the computer that you’re connecting to. 4. If you see a box labeled AppleTalk Zones, click the zone the computer is in.
10. Click OK. Disconnecting from a shared disk If your password is not accepted: Make sure that Caps Lock is not on. Type your password again, taking care not to make typing errors. If it’s still not accepted, ask the computer’s owner for help. 11. Click the name of a shared disk to select it. When you’re finished using a shared disk, close any open files or programs on the shared disk and then disconnect in one of the following ways: m Select the shared disk icon and choose Put Away from the File menu.
Connecting quickly to a shared disk Connecting automatically when you start up By making an alias for a shared disk, you can connect to that disk by simply opening the alias. You can connect automatically to one or more shared disks whenever you turn on your computer. 1. Connect to a shared disk. 1. Connect to the computer that has the shared disk you want to open. See the section on connecting to a shared disk in this chapter. 2. Select the shared disk icon. 3. Choose Make Alias from the File menu.
3. If you’re connecting as a registered user, click the button that indicates whether you want to save your name only, or both your name and your password. For more security, click “Save My Name Only.” When you start up your computer, you’ll need to enter your password to connect to the shared disk. 2. If you want to reconnect to shared disks only when you wake the computer from sleep, click the After Sleep button.
Working with files and folders on other computers Once you are connected to a shared disk, you can use the files and folders on it as if they were on your own computer. You may not be able to open some items on a shared disk if the owner has restricted access to those items. For information on how to check your access privileges, see “Working With Privileges That Others Have Set” later in this chapter.
3. Type your current password. Then press Tab and type a new password. A bullet (•) appears for each letter you type. Giving folder ownership to someone else You can give away ownership of any folder you own. Once you do so, however, the new owner can restrict your access to that folder. Make sure you have copies of any files you may need before you give ownership of a folder to someone else. 1. Connect to a shared disk. 2. Click a folder that you own to select it. 3. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 4.
Sharing your own files Turning file sharing on You can share files stored on your computer with others on the network. For example, members of your work group can connect to your computer and open a file from their own computers. (They do not have to be using System 7.) Or, if you have both a desktop Macintosh and a PowerBook computer, you can transfer files from one computer to the other without using floppy disks. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Sharing Setup icon.
3. Close the Sharing Setup control panel. If you want to give everyone on the network access to the items you share, continue with the next section, “Turning On Guest Access.” Turning on guest access 3. Click the box under File Sharing labeled “Allow guests to connect” to place an X in it. To allow guests to connect to your computer, click here so that an X appears in the box.
Selecting a folder or disk to share You can share any folder, hard disk, or CD-ROM disc connected to your computer. ( You cannot share floppy disks.) You can share up to ten folders or disks at a time. (This number does not include folders within the folders or disks you share.) 1. Make sure file sharing is turned on. 2. Select a folder or disk to share. 3. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 4. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” to place an X in it. 5.
s Important: Before you put programs inside shared folders or disks, remember that copyright laws may prevent those programs from being shared. Check the applicable licensing agreements and follow their specifications. s Naming a registered user You can register as many as 100 people and groups combined, but for best network performance you should name no more than 50. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon.
3. Type the name of a person you want to register. Make sure you notify the person of the name you type. (Capitalization does not have to match.) Setting a registered user’s password You can assign passwords for registered users to verify their identities when they want to gain access to your computer. 1. Open a user icon in the Users & Groups control panel. Type the user’s password here. 4. To register more users, repeat steps 2 and 3.
Naming a group of users 3. Drag user icons to the new group icon. The icons are not moved inside the group icon, as they would be if it were a folder. Instead, member icons are created inside the group icon. You don’t need to drag your own icon to the group icon because you (as the owner) have access to the entire contents of your computer (unless you specify otherwise). You can name several registered users as a registered group. 1.
n To see all the groups that a user belongs to, open the user’s member icon or user icon. Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk You can give one registered user or group exclusive access to a shared folder or disk on your computer. 1. Select a folder or disk to share. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 3. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” so an X appears. The groups the user belongs to are listed here. 208 Chapter 13: Using Your Computer on a Network 4.
5. To share the item with only the user or group you’ve chosen, click the bottom row of checkboxes (next to Everyone) to remove the X from each box. Preventing specific users or guests from accessing your computer To prevent all network access to your computer, you can turn file sharing and program linking off, as described elsewhere in this chapter. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. Remove the X marks in this row. continues . 6.
2. To deny access to a specific user, open the user icon. 3. If an X appears in the “Allow to connect” checkbox, click to remove the X (to deny access). 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. If you deny access to a user who is currently connected, he or she is disconnected immediately. That user is no longer a member of any group, and can connect only as a guest. If you deny access to guests, any guests currently connected are disconnected immediately.
Removing a user from a group 1. In the Users & Groups control panel, open the group icon. 2. Drag the member icon for that user to the Trash. 3. Choose Empty Trash from the Special menu. Removing a user or group from your list of registered users You can remove a registered user or group at any time. When you remove a user, he or she will no longer be a member of any registered group. 1. Open the Users & Groups control panel.
If you select , then anyone on the network can change the access privileges or ownership of the item. 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. 5. Click OK to confirm that you want to change ownership. 2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Stop button. A dialog box appears in which you can specify a delay before file sharing is turned off. If you specify a delay, users who are connected to your computer are warned to save their work and disconnect.
Monitoring file-sharing activity When file sharing is on, you can see who is connected to your computer and what folders or disks you’ve shared. n Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the File Sharing Monitor icon. Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer You can disconnect users who are currently connected to your computer in the File Sharing Monitor control panel. 1. Select the user or users you want to disconnect. 2. Click Disconnect. 3.
4. Click OK. A message remains on the screen until the time is up. You can switch to any program you already have open so you can continue working. 3. Open the owner icon (the one with the bold outline). 4. Click the boxes labeled “Allow user to connect” and “Allow user to see entire disk” to place an X in them. 5. When the designated amount of time has elapsed, close the File Sharing Monitor.
5. Close the window and the Users & Groups control panel. 2. Type a new password in the box labeled Owner Password and press Tab. 6. Leave your computer turned on. To gain access to your computer, connect to it as a registered user. Type your owner name and password as they appear in the Sharing Setup control panel of your computer. Then connect as you normally would.
Using access privileges There are three types of access to shared items: Access privileges let you control what other people can do with the information you share on a network. For example, you might want to let people see a file but prevent them from changing it. n See Folders: allows people to see, open, and copy folders. n See Files: allows people to see, open, and copy files.
Setting access privileges to folders and disks You can set access privileges for shared items on your own computer and for items that you own on other computers. 1. Select a folder or disk. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. The dialog box you see may be slightly different from the one pictured. 3. Choose a registered user or group to share the item with. Choose from the list of users and groups in the pop-up menu, or type the name of a registered user or group in the box. 4.
Access privilege strategies n Access privileges can be combined in several ways. A few common and useful strategies are summarized here. n Keep a folder or disk private. To keep a folder or disk on your own computer private, do not share it. To keep your folder on another computer private, use these settings. Allow everyone on the network all access privileges. As long as you’ve turned on guest access, everyone on the network can open, read, and change the files and folders.
n Keep a folder private but allow others to place files or folders into it. People on the network can deposit files or folders into this folder but only the owner can see, remove, or change its contents. (This configuration is sometimes called a drop box.) Working with privileges that others have set When you are using the By Icon or By Small Icon view, the appearance of shared folders indicates the access you have.
Checking your access privileges Linking programs When you open a folder on another computer, icons under the title bar indicate the privileges that you do not have. Some programs can exchange information directly with other programs. For example, one program might be able to instruct another program to add a row to a spreadsheet or change the font size of a paragraph. You can’t make changes to files in this folder. You can’t see files in this folder. You can’t see folders in this folder.
5. Click OK. In most cases, you need to identify yourself as a guest or a registered user. 2. If your network has zones, select a zone in the lowerleft section of the dialog box. 3. Select the Macintosh you want to connect to in the upper-left section of the dialog box. 4. Select the program you want to link to. 6. Click Guest or Registered User. If you are a guest, click Guest and go to step 9. If the Guest option is dimmed, guests do not have access to this computer. 7.
Disconnecting a program link Turning program linking on To disconnect a link to a program on another computer, quit the program you used to create the link. Allowing other people to link to your programs When you turn program linking on, your computer is visible to others on the network whenever they attempt to link a program. Before you turn program linking on, make sure that AppleTalk is active and that you have named your Macintosh in the Sharing Setup control panel.
Selecting a program for linking Allowing guests to link to your programs Before a network user can link to your program, you need to share it. You can let everyone on the network link to your shared programs. 1. Quit the program if it’s open, then click its icon to select it. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 2. Double-click the icon. 3.
Naming specific users to link to your programs You can identify the registered users and groups you want to link to your programs. 3. Click the box labeled “Allow user to link to programs on this Macintosh” to place an X in it. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. 2. Open the icon of a user. Click here to let this user link to your shared programs. 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. 5.
Chapter 14 Expanding Your Computer System In this chapter n Using SCSI devices n Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk n Using an external monitor n Connecting a modem n Connecting a printer n Connecting a mouse or other ADB device n Using sound input and output devices n Adding memory to your computer Using SCSI devices A SCSI device is any product—including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, and printers—that communicates with Macintosh computers by means of a standard electronic in
To connect a SCSI device to the SCSI port on your PowerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable. Setting up one or more SCSI devices for use with your PowerBook involves the steps listed here. n installing software n setting SCSI ID numbers n checking that the SCSI chain is properly terminated n connecting cables Setting SCSI ID numbers Each device in a SCSI chain must have a unique ID number between 1 and 6 so the computer can identify it properly.
The ID numbers of Apple SCSI devices can be set as follows. 1. Make sure the SCSI device is turned off. If the device is already part of a SCSI chain, make sure that all devices in the chain are turned off, including the computer. 2. Locate the ID number indicator and switch (usually on the back panel of the SCSI device). ID number indicator 5 5 ID number switch 3. Check the ID numbers of all the devices you want to connect.
Checking that the SCSI chain is properly terminated If you are attaching one SCSI device To ensure accurate transmission of information, a chain of SCSI devices must have a terminator at each end. Terminators are built into some SCSI devices and can also be added externally. Make sure that there is n n an external terminator between the HDI-30 system cable and the SCSI device and an internal terminator in the SCSI device, or an external terminator attached to the device.
Connecting cables s Warning: When making SCSI connections, always turn off power to all devices in the chain. Failure to do so can cause the loss of information and damage to your equipment. s 1. Shut down your PowerBook and all SCSI devices in the chain. 2. To connect the first device, use an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable. Attach the smaller end of the cable to your computer’s SCSI port (marked with the icon g) and the larger end of the cable to either SCSI port on the device.
Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk Connecting your computer as a SCSI disk If you have an optional cable called the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter, you can connect your PowerBook to any desktop Macintosh and have the PowerBook function as though it were an external SCSI disk drive. The PowerBook appears on the screen of the desktop Macintosh as a hard disk icon, and you can transfer information between the computers by dragging files. This feature of the PowerBook is called SCSI disk mode.
7. Connect the PowerBook to either (a) the desktop Macintosh or (b) the end of the SCSI chain. “Desktop Macintosh” includes all the models listed in the illustration, as well as a PowerBook Duo in a Duo Dock. The illustration shows which cables to use and where to add cable terminators. Remove the terminator from the last device in an existing chain before connecting the PowerBook. s Warning: Always shut down the PowerBook before connecting or disconnecting the SCSI disk adapter cable.
Connecting to a desktop Macintosh (a) n n Models without internal hard disk: Classic Classic II LC LC II IIfx Models with internal hard disk: Classic Classic II LC LC II SE SE/30 II IIx IIcx IIci IIsi IIfx Macintosh Quadra n Terminator n Models without internal hard disk: Plus Portable Models with internal hard disk: Portable No Terminator* SCSI system cable HDI-30 SCSI disk adapter SCSI system cable HDI-30 SCSI disk adapter Connecting to the end of a SCSI chain (b) n n 2 Terminators SCSI sy
Simplifying the SCSI disk connection process Using SCSI disk mode to reinstall system software If you regularly plan to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk with the same desktop Macintosh, you can leave the cables, terminators (if any), and SCSI disk adapter cable attached to the desktop Macintosh. When you want to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk, simply shut down all devices and connect the adapter cable to the SCSI port on your PowerBook.
6. Shut down the desktop Macintosh and any other SCSI devices in the chain. 7. Change conflicting ID numbers if necessary. 8. Connect the other end of the adapter cable to the desktop Macintosh, or to the end of the SCSI chain. Drawing battery power in SCSI disk mode Your PowerBook continues to draw battery power when you use it as a SCSI disk. Low battery power is indicated by the appearance of a blinking low-power warning on the PowerBook’s screen.
Quitting SCSI disk mode 1. Shut down the desktop Macintosh. 2. Press the power button on the back of the PowerBook to turn it off. 3. Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4. Disconnect the PowerBook from the adapter cable. s Important: If you leave the adapter cable attached to the PowerBook, the computer will behave as though it is still in SCSI disk mode when you try to restart. s 5. Disconnect the cables from the desktop Macintosh. Your equipment is now ready for normal use.
Using an external monitor Connecting an external monitor Your PowerBook has a video port to which you can connect any of the following Apple monitors: To connect any of the Apple monitors listed, follow these steps. (If you are connecting a different monitor, see the instructions in its manual.
Arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below eye level while you work. Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from lights and windows. 8. Attach the other end of the video adapter to the video port (™) on the computer’s back panel. 4. Attach the monitor’s power cord to the monitor. (If your monitor has an attached power cord, skip this step.) 5. Plug the other end of the monitor’s power cord into a grounded outlet or power strip.
Trouble? n Nothing happened when you tried to turn on the PowerBook. Make sure that all your equipment is connected properly, and try pressing the power button again. Make sure that the power adapter is plugged into both the computer and an electrical outlet. If you are using a power strip, make sure it is turned on. n Activating the external monitor You must activate the external monitor each time you connect it to your computer. 1.
Making the external monitor the main monitor The main monitor is the one that displays the menu bar. The PowerBook’s screen is the main monitor whenever an external monitor is not connected to your computer. 2. Drag the menu bar from the small rectangle (representing your PowerBook screen) to the large rectangle (representing your external monitor). To make your external monitor the main monitor, follow these steps. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu, and open the Monitors control panel.
Working with an external monitor Backlight dimming This section summarizes how your computer and external monitor behave when you use them together. The dimming feature in the PowerBook Display control panel turns the screen brightness down to its lowest level when you haven’t used the computer for a certain time interval. ( You can think of dimming as “screen sleep.”) Sleep The PowerBook will not sleep as long as you are using an external monitor.
Disconnecting an external monitor 1. Make sure your computer is shut down. If you disconnect the monitor while your computer is on, the computer will turn itself off, and you will lose any information you did not save. 2. Disconnect the video adapter from the video port on the computer’s back panel. The video port is marked with this icon: ™ Press the small buttons on both sides of the connector to remove the video adapter from the port.
Connecting a modem 7. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. Apple offers an optional, low-power, internal fax/data modem for your computer. See the modem manual for information about this modem and how to use it. 8. Open the PowerBook control panel. 9. Click the External Modem button. You can also connect an external modem to the modem port (W) on the back panel of the computer. To connect an external modem, follow these steps. 1. Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2.
Connecting a printer Connecting a mouse or other ADB device The printer port on your computer can accept either a direct cable connection (to a printer such as the StyleWriter) or a network cable connection (to a printer such as the LaserWriter IINTX). The printer port is marked with this icon: [. Your computer has one Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port, to which you can connect optional low-power input devices (such as a mouse) provided by Apple and other vendors. The ADB port has this icon: √.
Using sound input and output devices External microphone Built-in microphone In addition to its internal microphone, your PowerBook has a sound input port (marked with this icon: X) to which you can connect an external microphone. Your computer has a built-in microphone centered just below the display. The microphone has no on/off switch; it is controlled by the program you use to record sounds. (Sound recording is described in the chapter on sound and color.
Sound output devices Adding memory to your computer The PowerBook also has a sound output port (marked with the icon -) to which you can connect speakers, an amplifier, headphones, or other audio output devices. The sound output port accepts a standard stereo miniplug, like that used to attach headphones to a portable tape player. Your PowerBook computer comes with at least 4 MB of RAM. By adding memory upgrade cards you can increase your computer’s memory.
Chapter 15 Travel, Storage, and Service In this chapter n Traveling with the computer n Storing the computer n Getting service and support n Getting more information about Macintosh computers Traveling with the PowerBook The safety instructions in the first part of this book also apply when you are traveling. In addition, note these precautions: n n n n n n Do not transport your PowerBook while it is turned on.
n n Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Check ahead to find out what restrictions, if any, apply. Storing the PowerBook Take the necessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. ( You may need to use them with the power adapter.) You do not need a voltage transformer. The power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC (48 to 62 Hz).
Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) Using the security feature 1. Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. Your PowerBook has a security slot to which you can connect a locking device and security cable. See your authorized Apple reseller for more information about this security system. 2. Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3. Close the display. 4. Recharge the battery. Service and support Plug in the power adapter or use the recharger. 5.
How to get help To obtain service in the United States, you can contact either your nearest authorized Apple dealer or Apple Computer directly. If you are in North America, call 800-538-9696 to request the name of an authorized dealer near you. If you are anywhere else, check the local telephone directory. To contact Apple directly, call 800-SOS-APPL (800-767-2775), Monday through Friday, 8 A.M. to 5 P.M. (Pacific time) to speak to a Technical Support Engineer.
For more information about Macintosh computers Macintosh user groups Whatever your level of computer experience, you may be interested in joining a Macintosh user group. Group activities may include new product demonstrations, question-and-answer sessions, and classes on using programs or writing your own programs. Ask your authorized Apple dealer for the name of the Macintosh user group nearest you, or call 800-538-9696.
To establish an APDA account, obtain ordering information, or find out about site licensing and developer training programs, contact: APDA Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue, M/S 33-G Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 800-282-2732 (USA) 800-637-0029 (Canada) 408-562-3910 (International) Fax: 408-562-3971 Telex: 171576 AppleLink address: APDA If you provide commercial products and services, call 408-974-4897 for information about the developer support programs available from Apple.
Quick Reference Summary and Shortcuts n Double-click an object on screen by pointing to the object and clicking twice in rapid succession, without moving the mouse. Double-clicking is a common shortcut for opening an icon or the selected item in a directory dialog box. Shift-click n Hold down the Shift key while clicking. Shift-clicking is a way to select more than one icon or item in a list. Working with icons Selecting icons To do this Take these steps Select an icon Click the icon.
Opening an icon Working with windows You open an icon by selecting it and choosing Open from the File menu or using the keyboard shortcut x-O or x–Down Arrow. Or you can double-click the icon. Making a window the active window Moving, copying, and renaming an icon To do this Take these steps You make a window active by clicking inside it. You can also make a window active by clicking its icon (even though it’s dimmed) and choosing Open from the File menu, or by double-clicking the dimmed icon.
Scrolling through the contents of a window Scroll box (shows relative location in window) Opening higher-level folder windows You can open a higher-level folder window (whose contents include the active window) from a pop-up menu in the active window’s title. 1. Hold down the x key as you press the active window’s title. A pop-up menu of the higher-level folders (and the disk) appears. 2. Drag to choose a higher-level folder (or the disk), and then release the mouse or trackball button.
Using the outline form in list views Working with menus Any list view you choose from the View menu (that is, any view except the icon and small icon views) shows the contents of the active window in outline form. You can see the contents of a folder without opening the folder in its own window. Macintosh menus come in two types: pull-down menus and pop-up menus. The menus in the menu bar are pull-down menus.
Pop-up menus often appear in dialog boxes that you use to set options or preferences. You can recognize a pop-up menu by a small solid triangle, pointing down, next to its name. The name shows the current option or preference. Pop-up menu (closed) Pressing the triangle displays the menu (but does not allow you to choose a menu item).
3. Drag sideways to the submenu, drag to the submenu item you want to choose so that it’s highlighted, and then release the mouse or trackball button. Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory dialog boxes Key Action Up, Down, Left, or Right Arrow key Selects the next item in the direction of the arrow Tab key Selects the next item alphabetically (except in a directory dialog box and the Chooser) Character key (a, b, c . . .
Troubleshooting The PowerBook This section describes possible causes and solutions for some common problems you may have with your Macintosh PowerBook or associated equipment provided by Apple. The computer won’t start. n This section is not comprehensive. Check the appropriate reference section for additional help on specific topics.
The computer just stopped. n n n The computer may have gone to sleep. Press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it again. The battery may have drained so far that the computer has put itself to sleep to protect the contents of RAM. Plug in the power adapter, wait 15 minutes, and then turn the computer on again. The computer may have “crashed” due to temporary software problems.
The computer exhibits odd behavior, such as many unexplained system failures. n n n n A common cause of unexplained problems is multiple System Folders on your computer’s startup disk. The System Folder that the PowerBook is using to operate is marked with an icon. Use the Find command in the Finder’s File menu to locate any other System Folders, and throw them in the Trash. You may have a virus on your hard disk.
The battery can’t be recharged. n n There may be a loose connection. Make sure all plugs are securely attached. If all connections are OK, then the battery is probably damaged or dead. Obtain a replacement battery from your authorized Apple dealer. The computer goes to sleep too often. n The computer doesn’t go to sleep automatically. n n n Open the PowerBook control panel and move the Battery Conservation slider toward Maximum Performance.
The screen There are ghost images or black dots on the screen. n The screen looks blurred or out of focus. n The viewing angle may not be optimal. Tilt the display on its hinge until the screen looks better. The screen is too dark. n n n When you first turn on your computer, it may take several minutes for the screen brightness to “warm up,” especially if you’ve chosen a high setting. The screen brightness (¤) or contrast (O) may not be optimal for the surrounding lighting.
A window has disappeared. n n Another open window on the desktop may have covered the window you’re looking for. Move, resize, close, or hide windows you aren’t using until you see the one you want. Windows belonging to open but inactive programs may be hidden. Choose Show All from the Application menu to show hidden windows. An icon is blinking in the menu bar. n One of your programs needs your attention.
The computer doesn’t recognize your SCSI devices. n n n n n The devices may be off. Check to make sure that they are plugged in and turned on. If the device is a disk drive, it may need to be initialized before you can use it. See the instructions that came with the device. The software (driver) needed to communicate with the device may not be installed in your System Folder. See the instructions that came with the device. Two or more devices in the SCSI chain may have the same ID number.
Disk drives and disks The hard disk keeps stopping and starting again. n The computer won’t start up from its hard disk, or the hard disk icon doesn’t appear on the desktop. n There may have been a temporary software problem. Shut down the computer, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. The hard disk is full. n n n n There may be a problem with the system software on the hard disk. Start up the computer with the Disk Tools disk.
A high-density (1.4 MB) disk you use with your PowerBook computer is not recognized by another Macintosh. n Some disk drives cannot recognize high-density disks. Try inserting an 800K or 400K disk in the disk drive of the other Macintosh. If that works, copy your files to an 800K disk or a 400K disk. If you regularly plan to use floppy disk drives of different types, use the lower-capacity disks in all drives. A message says that a disk is not initialized—but you know that it is.
You can’t save or copy files onto a floppy disk. n n The disk may be locked. Unlock it by sliding the tab so that it covers the hole at the corner of the disk. The disk may be full. Delete files you no longer need or use a different disk. See Chapter 8 for more information about working with disk drives and disks. Modems The external modem doesn’t work. n n The modem may be turned off or improperly connected. Make sure it is turned on and that all connections are correct.
Printers The network printer keeps restarting. n Your computer can’t find the printer. n n The printer may be turned off. Turn it on. The printer may not be selected in the Chooser. Open the Chooser and select the printer you want to use. Your printer does not appear in the Chooser window. n n n n The printer may not be connected properly. Check the connections between your computer and the printer, including relevant sections of the network if appropriate.
Your documents are printed with the wrong fonts. n The printer may not have your fonts in its memory and is substituting other fonts. You may be able to add the necessary fonts to your printer (see Chapter 12), or print on a different printer that has the fonts you want. If you have a LaserWriter, you can turn off Font Substitution in the Page Setup dialog box. Networks You can’t find or can’t open icons needed to set up file sharing. n See Chapter 12 for general information about printing documents.
The shared disk you want to connect to does not appear in the Chooser window. You can’t open a shared disk or folder. n n n n AppleTalk must be active before you can use a shared disk. Make sure that AppleTalk is active in the Chooser. If your network has zones, the shared disk you want may not be in the currently selected zone. Make sure the correct zone is selected. n The computer that the disk is on must be turned on before the disk can be shared. Make sure that computer is on.
Application programs A program doesn’t work, or malfunctions consistently. n A program won’t open. n n n Some programs can’t be opened from a locked floppy disk. Make sure the disk is unlocked. The program may be damaged. Recopy it from a known good source (such as the original program disk). There may not be enough memory available to open the program. Quit other programs or change the program’s memory size in its Info window. A program runs very slowly.
A message says that a program could not be found. n You may be trying to open a document created with a program you don’t have on your computer, or created with a different version of the program. Obtain the correct program and version. Or open the document with another program that can read its format. (If another program can open a document, the program icon becomes highlighted when you drag the document icon to it.) You just did something you didn’t mean to do.
Appendix A Keyboard and Character Sets Tab key: Moves the insertion point to the next stopping place (such as a tab stop or data field). Caps Lock key: A Shift key for letters only (numbers and symbols aren’t affected). Shift key: Produces capital letters (or the upper character on the key). Control key: In combination with other keys, provides shortcuts or modifies actions. Option key: In combination with other keys, produces special characters or modifies actions.
Using Caps Lock Typing special characters and symbols The Caps Lock key on PowerBook computers does not stay depressed even when it’s locked. You can tell whether Caps Lock is on or off by looking at the menu bar. An arrow appears to the left of the Help menu icon when Caps Lock is on. You can type a variety of special characters (with diacritical marks) and symbols by pressing modifier keys in combination with certain letter and number keys. To turn Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock key.
Characters available in the Chicago font when the Option key is pressed The highlighted key represents the key held down on the keyboard—in this case, the Option key. To type a character with a diacritical mark (such as an acute accent or an umlaut), you press the Option key along with a specific letter key, and then type the character.
Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files With MS-DOS Computers Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format ( You can also follow these instructions to initialize a disk in ProDOS format.) 1. Locate the Apple File Exchange icon and open it. Apple File Exchange is a file format conversion program supplied on your system software disks. The program and translator files are stored in the Apple File Exchange Folder.
3. Click MS-DOS. 4. If necessary, click the capacity (in K) of the disk you inserted. If you want to initialize a high-density (Ó) disk in MS-DOS format, 1440K is the only option and it is already selected. If you inserted a double-sided disk, click 720K. Apple File Exchange cannot initialize a high-density disk in 720K format, nor can it read a double-sided disk that has been initialized in the high-density (1.4 MB) format. 5. Click Initialize.
Follow these steps to translate an MS-DOS (or ProDOS) file: Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 1. Locate the Apple File Exchange program and open it. Apple File Exchange provides two methods of file conversion— text and binary. Text translation is for text files, and binary translation is for other file types. Apple File Exchange can also use translator files designed to convert files into formats that specific programs can use.
5. Pull down the translation menu you want. 6. Make sure that the translators for the types of files you selected have checkmarks; if not, choose them so checkmarks appear next to them. An active translator has a checkmark. The default translator has a diamond (indicating that it’s always active). Choosing an active translator makes it inactive. 7. Compare the size of the files or folders selected for translation with the space available on the destination disk.
Other file-conversion options Apple File Exchange’s File menu provides several other options to assist you with file conversions. The active translators and options for each translator can be saved in a file by choosing “Save settings as.” You can use these options again later by choosing “Restore settings from” and opening the file. To see explanations of the translators Apple File Exchange uses, choose About Apple File Exchange from the Apple menu.
Appendix C Map The Map control panel lets you set your computer’s location and find out the distance and the time difference between your location and cities around the world. If you travel with your computer and use Map to reset your location accordingly, the time (in the Date & Time control panel) is automatically reset to the local time. Certain programs (in networking and telecommunications, for example) can use your computer’s location to account for time zones and distances when making calculations.
2. Type the city nearest your current location and then click the Find button (or press the Return key). If you aren’t sure how the city is spelled, type the first few letters and press the Return key. If the city isn’t found, you can add it to the list of cities stored in Map (instructions are given elsewhere in this appendix). 3. Click the Set button. Your current location is indicated by a blinking cross.
The distance to and the time at the other location are shown at the bottom of the window. The distance is based on the shortest possible route (called the great circle). To find out the time difference between your location and the other location, click the words “Time Zone.” Click again to see the other location’s time zone. Finding a location The Map has a list of locations, with information on the latitude, longitude, and time zone of each location. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 2.
Adding or removing a location Adding a location 1. If the map does not show the location you want to add, scroll by dragging beyond the map in the direction of the location. 2. Click the location. A blinking star appears at the location, and its coordinates and approximate time zone are displayed. 3. Type the name of the new location. 5. If the time zone is not correct, click the Time Zone boxes and type in the correct number.
Index A accent marks, typing 277 access privileges 216–220. See also file sharing; network checking 220 set by others 219 setting 217 strategies for using 218–219 types of 216 turning on 203 active program 54–56, 58 identifying 94 active window 38–40 printing contents of 180 ADB devices. See Apple Desktop Bus devices air travel tips 247–248 Alarm Clock setting alarm 159–160 setting time 158–159 turning alarm off 160 alert sound.
B background pattern, changing 146–147 background printing 177, 183 backlight dimming 240 backup copies 119 backup program 119 Balloon Help 83–84 battery caring for 23, 25, 247 cautions about 107, 247 low-power messages 102–103 maximizing life of 107 maximizing work time with 108–112 monitoring charge level of 101–103 power conservation 108–112 processor cycling and 111 processor speed and 112 recharging 103–106 removing or replacing 106–107 safety tips for 107 SCSI disk mode and 234 sleep and 18, 109, 110
clock, setting 158–160 close box 44–45 CloseView control panel 152–153 Close Window command 46 closing a document 56, 65 closing a window 44, 45 color changing in Label menu 148–149 displaying 143 highlight color 144–145 icon color 136, 147 printing 181 window border color 145 Color control panel 144 comfort 27–29 Command key 49, 62, 275 commands choosing 36, 257 keyboard shortcuts for 62, 258 computer viruses 93, 261 connecting.
D damage to computer 249 date format, changing 160, 161 searching for files by 133 setting 158–159 Date & Time control panel 158–159, 161, 162 DCA-RFT/MacWrite translator 281 dealer support 250, 259 Delete key 53, 275 deleting a file 67–68 Scrapbook items 96 text 59–60 typing errors 53 deselecting an item 35 desk accessories (DAs) Battery 101–102 Chooser 175–177, 193–194 Key Caps 276–277 switching among 94 desktop 20 changing background pattern 146–147 contents of 20, 46–48 dragging an object on 35 hiding a
documents 48 adding to Apple menu 156 aliases for 128–129 backing up 119 changing 58–64 closing 56, 65 converting to and from stationery 134–135 copying 65–66 creating 52–53 naming 53–54, 127 opening 57–58, 65 opening automatically 156 printing 180–182 saving 53–54, 61–62, 127 saving as a template 134–135 “Don’t sleep when plugged in” option 262 double-clicking 58, 253 adjusting speed of 164 downloading printer fonts 186–187 dragging 35 drivers 156, 226 drop box 219 drop folder 219 duplicating a document 65
F fax/data modem 242 files adding to System Folder 156–157 assigning label and color to 136 backing up 119 closing 56, 65 color of icons 136, 147 converting to and from MS-DOS format 281–283 deleting 67–68 getting information about 135–136 labels for 136 locating 128–129, 130, 133 locking 77, 118 opening 37, 65 organizing 126, 136 program vs. document 47–48 removing from System Folder 157 shared disk access to 195–199 sharing. See file sharing straightening up 125 system.
floppy disks (continued) restarting from 22 starting up from 22, 91 transferring files from 137 troubleshooting 119, 120, 122–124, 266–267 folders 47 access privileges to 216 aliases for 128 changing ownership of 201, 211–212 creating and naming 126 creating on another computer 200 deleting 67–68 locking items in 118 opening higher-level folder windows 255 organizing files in 126 sharing 204–205 setting access privileges for 217 throwing away 67–68 fonts 184–188 bitmap (fixed-size) 184, 185 font families in
hardware configuration ADB devices 243 external monitor 236–241 headphones or speakers 245 memory 245 microphone 244 modem 242 mouse 243 printer 243 SCSI devices 225–229 using your computer as a SCSI disk 230–232 hardware development support 252 HDI-30 SCSI System Cable 226, 228, 229, 231 headphones, connecting 245 health concerns 26 Help menu 83–84 hidden windows, viewing 94 Hide Balloons command 84 highlight color or gray, changing 144–145 highlighted (selected) icon 33 I, J I-beam pointer 58 locating 58
K keyboard 49, 275 adjusting response of 165–166 comfort tips 27 turning computer on from 18, 109 Keyboard control panel 165 keyboard shortcuts 62, 166, 258 Key Caps desk accessory 276–277 kilobyte (K) 70, 71 L Label menu changing colors in 148–149 changing labels in 158 labels assigning 136, 138, 158 changing 158 searching for 133 Labels control panel 148, 158 LaserWriter background printing with 177, 183 fonts available for 188 Page Setup options for 178 printing on 180–181 restarting 189 selecting in C
memory.
network (continued) naming registered groups 207 naming registered users 205–206 preventing access to your computer 209–210 removing users/groups from your list of registered users 211 selecting a printer 177 selecting a zone 177, 196 selecting one user/group for sharing 208–209 setting up your computer 192–194 shared disks 47, 120, 195–199 sharing your own files 202–215 sleep and 109 starting file sharing 202–203 stopping file sharing 212 transferring files over 137 troubleshooting 194, 196, 205, 269, 270–
power button 233 restarting the computer with 22 “Shut Down” warning 17 turning on the computer with 4, 19 power management 101–112 power problems low battery 102–103 in SCSI disk mode 235 troubleshooting 261–262 power states 17–19 power usage ADB devices 243 disks vs.
Q question mark startup icon 5, 87, 117 question mark (Help menu) icon 83–84 Quit command 64 quitting a program 56, 64, 65 SCSI disk mode 235 turning the computer off 17 R RAM. See random-access memory RAM disk 97–98 creating 97–98 conserving power with 97, 108 erasing 98 memory recommendations for 97, 99 resizing or removing 98 restarting and 99 shutting down and 97 temporary nature of 97 using as a startup disk 99, 108 random-access memory (RAM).
S safety instructions 23–26, 107, 247–248 Save As command 134 Save command 53–54, 61–62, 134 saving your work 53–54, 61–62 in a directory 127 as a template 134–135 scalable fonts. See outline fonts scanning order 117 Scrapbook 96 screen.
shift-clicking 253 Shift key 49, 275 shortcuts.
T Tab key 258, 275 TeachText program 52 technical information 251–252 technical support 250 telephone lines, transferring files over 137 templates, creating 134–135 text changing 58–64 deleting 59–60 inserting 53 moving 60 replacing 63–64 selecting 59–60, 63–64 typing 53 text translation 281 32-bit addressing 174 3.5-inch disks.
TrueType fonts 184 downloading 186–187 installing 185 turning computer off 17 turning computer on 4–5, 19 and connecting automatically to a shared disk 198–199 from keyboard 18, 109 turning file sharing off 212 turning file sharing on 202–203 U Undo command 273 unlocking disks 77, 117 files 118 untitled window 52, 53 upgrades, memory 245 user groups for Macintosh 251 user name 205–206 user, registered.
Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, California 95014-6299 (408) 996-1010 TLX 171-576 030-2674-A Printed in U.S.A.
