Aperture 2 User Manual 019_1125_UMAccessPage.
K Apple Inc. Copyright © 2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Aperture software may reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such software. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paid for support services. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
1 Preface 13 14 Part I Contents Introducing Aperture What’s Next? Interface and Acquisition Chapter 1 17 18 19 23 34 35 40 41 An Overview of Aperture A First Look at Aperture Creating Projects and Importing Your Photos Photo Editing with Aperture Image Processing Distribution Sharing Images with iLife and iWork Applications Backing Up Your Work Chapter 2 43 44 45 48 50 57 61 62 64 65 66 70 73 74 77 78 80 86 The Aperture Interface The Aperture Main Window Browser Viewer Full Screen View Inspector
Chapter 3 93 94 100 101 103 104 105 105 106 108 108 Working with Aperture Projects Basic Components of Aperture Working with Projects Creating and Naming Projects Opening and Closing Projects Creating and Showing Favorite Projects Deleting Images from Projects and Albums Deleting Items from the Projects Inspector Working with Library Files Working with the Library in the Projects Inspector Quickly Accessing Commands Chapter 4 109 110 111 111 113 119 127 132 133 134 134 135 138 139 141 143 143 144 144 I
161 162 163 163 165 166 168 169 176 176 Searching for Images in the Browser Rearranging Images in the Browser Sorting Images Rotating Images Creating Versions of an Image Deleting Images from the Browser Dragging Images into Different Projects and Albums Working with Referenced Images Working with Two or More Projects Open Displaying Specific Metadata with Your Images Chapter 6 179 180 182 182 183 184 185 185 190 191 192 192 193 194 196 206 Displaying Images in the Viewer An Overview of the Viewer Showi
Chapter 9 233 234 236 238 239 240 242 Rating Images An Overview of the Aperture Rating System Rating Images Sorting Images by Rating Including Image Rating in Your Workflow Comparing and Rating Images Keyboard Shortcuts for Displaying Images with Specific Ratings Chapter 10 243 244 246 250 257 262 266 267 267 268 Applying Keywords to Images An Overview of Keywords Viewing Keywords Applied to Images Applying Keywords Using the Keywords HUD Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets App
Chapter 13 310 311 312 312 313 315 Searching by Adjustments Searching by Import Session Searching by File Status Searching by Other Metadata Searching by a Combination of Criteria Saving Your Search Results 317 318 320 321 322 323 324 Grouping Images with Smart Albums An Overview of Smart Albums Collecting Images in a New Smart Album Searching Within a Smart Album Revising the Contents of a Smart Album Transferring Smart Album Images to Another Project or Album Deleting a Smart Album Part III Performi
378 379 380 381 381 386 398 399 400 401 402 403 406 406 408 409 410 411 412 412 413 414 416 417 417 419 420 421 422 429 429 432 432 433 435 436 437 438 445 447 451 452 452 8 Viewing the Corrected Image Without Red Eye Target Overlays Moving Red Eye Target Overlays Deleting Red Eye Target Overlays Working with the Retouch and Spot & Patch Controls Working with the Retouch Controls Working with the Spot & Patch Controls Working with the Devignette Controls Working with the Straighten Controls Rotating Image
454 455 456 457 458 459 462 462 463 464 465 467 Part IV Using the Monochrome Mixer Controls Working with the Color Monochrome Controls Working with the Sepia Tone Controls Working with the Noise Reduction Controls Working with the Sharpen and Edge Sharpen Controls Working with the Edge Sharpen Controls Understanding the Edge Sharpen Workflow Working with the Sharpen Controls Working with the Vignette Controls Applying an Exposure Vignette Applying a Gamma Vignette Switching Vignette Types Distribution an
518 519 520 Creating a Growing Grid of Images Playing Your Slideshow on Your Main Display Only Displaying Your Images to Music Chapter 19 523 524 525 526 527 528 531 532 532 533 534 Using the Light Table An Overview of the Light Table Creating a Light Table Album Placing and Viewing Images in the Light Table Moving and Resizing Images in the Light Table Aligning and Arranging Images in the Light Table Adjusting the Light Table View Setting View Options for the Light Table Transferring Images from th
Chapter 22 608 609 Copying a Book Album Printing Books 611 612 613 614 616 617 618 618 619 619 621 Backing Up Your Images An Overview of the Backup Workflow Planning Your Backup System Working with the Vault Pane Creating Vaults Updating Vaults Disconnecting a Vault’s Hard Drive from Your System Temporarily Reconnecting a Vault’s Hard Drive to your System Deleting a Vault Permanently Backing Up Images from a Portable in the Field Restoring Your Aperture System Part V Appendixes and Glossary Appendix
Preface Introducing Aperture Aperture is a powerful and easy-to-use digital image management system that can track thousands of digital images and provides the advanced photographer with high-quality image management and adjustment tools.
With Aperture you can efficiently import digital images, perform a photo edit, adjust and retouch images, publish images for the web or print, and back up your entire image library for safekeeping. Aperture lets you work with high-quality JPEG, TIFF, and RAW image files directly from your camera or card reader and maintain that high quality throughout your workflow. What’s Next? This manual is only one of several types of documentation you can use as you work with Aperture.
Part I: Interface and Acquisition I This section provides introductory information about the application and its interface. It also explains how to set up your image management system and import images into it.
1 An Overview of Aperture 1 Aperture is designed to be the center of your digital photography workflow, from capturing new images to the final delivery of professional-quality photographs. This chapter provides an overview of how Aperture works and what you can do with it. If you’re new to Aperture, this chapter is for you. If you’re familiar with the Aperture features and interface, feel free to skip this chapter.
A First Look at Aperture When you first open Aperture, you see the following areas: Click here to open the Import pane and Import dialog. Toolbar Click these tabs to open the Projects inspector, Metadata inspector, or Adjustments inspector. Viewer Your projects appear here in the Projects inspector. Browser Click here to open the Vault pane. You select a hard disk to use for backing up images here.
I After you import images into a project, your screen will look similar to this: Aperture imports the images into a project. Click the project to see its images in the Browser. Your project’s image thumbnails About Aperture Sample Projects The Aperture installation disc includes several sample projects containing high-resolution images. When you first open Aperture, a dialog appears asking if you’d like to install sample projects.
Creating Projects As you work with Aperture, you create projects to hold your images. A project is similar to a folder that can hold dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of images. For example, after completing a soccer sports shoot, you might create a new project named World Cup Soccer and import the photos into it. Your new project appears in a list in the Projects inspector.
I Importing Images When you connect a camera or card reader to your computer, the Import dialog appears. You can select your camera or card reader and see the images you’re about to import. You can select all the images or select and import only those you want. You can also select image files on your hard disk for importing. Select your camera, card reader, or hard disk here. Specify import options here. Specify a project to import your images into.
Importing Files from Your Body of Work You can easily import your collection of archived digital images into Aperture from any hard disk or storage device connected to your computer. When importing legacy images from your portfolio, you can move them into the main Aperture library, or you can simply identify where the images are located, and Aperture adds them to its management system without changing the image locations.
I Photo Editing with Aperture Aperture allows you to easily view and work with your images onscreen. It provides easy-to-use tools and controls, as well as efficient methods for rating images, searching for images, and comparing and adjusting images. Viewing and Working with Images To work with your images, you select a project in the Projects inspector and Aperture displays that project’s images in the Browser. You use the Browser to review, organize, and select images.
You can also view your images in Full Screen view, where you can work with them in detail. Toolbar available in Full Screen view The displayed image fills the screen. Filmstrip available in Full Screen view To see images in Full Screen view, you press F. Press F again to exit Full Screen view. In Full Screen view, you can change the display of images to show single images, three images, or up to ten images at once.
I Displaying your images clearly and accurately is a pivotal function of Aperture. With Aperture you can take advantage of the latest display technology and view and work with your images in Full Screen view and on dual displays. Using Aperture with two displays is ideal for creating a large workspace. You can easily compare and adjust images, play slideshows, and present the best of your photos at optimal size during client reviews.
Working with Inspectors Aperture also provides an Adjustments inspector for applying adjustments and a Metadata inspector that allows you to review metadata and assign it to your images. You can show or hide the Adjustments and Metadata inspectors by clicking the appropriate tab at the top of the Inspector pane. Showing the inspectors is as easy as pressing the I key.
I Rating Images with Aperture You can rate images as you review them in the Viewer, in the Browser, or in Full Screen view. By selecting an image and pressing a number key from 0 to 5, you can quickly rate images as rejected or assign them from one to five stars (with five stars being the highest, or Select, rating). Image ratings appear as easy-to-read overlays on the image.
Finding and Displaying Images with the Query HUD You can use the Query HUD to search for and display only certain photos in a project or album. Click the Query HUD button beside the search field in the Browser and the Query HUD appears. In the Query HUD, you can specify criteria for the photos you want to work with. The Query HUD is set to show images rated five stars. Click the Query HUD button to open the Query HUD. You can enter any search criteria you want to display specific images.
I Comparing Photos Aperture allows you to carefully compare images. You select an image in Compare mode to have Aperture display it for comparison against other images in a selection. While comparing images, you can rate the selected images or make adjustments to them. For example, you might use the comparison method to make final selections of the best images in a series. Or, you might compare two versions of an image and make adjustments.
Stacking Images Photographers frequently work with large selections of images. To help you work efficiently with a series of shots, such as bracketed shots or shots taken in quick succession, Aperture can automatically stack related shots. You can also select and manually stack related shots yourself and review them for a “pick”, the image that you intend to use. A stack with three images is shown expanded, or open. The Stack button indicates the number of images in the stack.
I Assigning Keywords to Images Carefully assigning keywords to images is critical for the photographer who needs a means to easily locate specific images among thousands. Applying keywords is also required if you plan to sell images to image libraries, such as Corbis or Getty Images. You can use Aperture to assign keywords to images using standard IPTC fields (the standard metadata fields defined by the International Press Telecommunications Council).
You can also show keyword controls in the control bar at the bottom of the Aperture main window by choosing Window > Show Keyword Controls. Using these simple controls, you can display different categories of keywords and easily apply those keywords with a quick click or keystroke. Your Aperture keyword scheme can ensure comprehensive accessibility to your images and even help with the management of your copyrights, usage rights, and sales.
I Although a Smart Album appears similar to the other projects or albums in the Projects inspector, the contents of the album are specified by search criteria. You don’t import masters or versions into a Smart Album. You use the Query HUD to specify the image keywords or other criteria that identify the images you want, and image versions automatically appear in the album. By adjusting the search criteria, you change the contents of the Smart Album.
Image Processing You can use Aperture to crop, rotate, horizontally align, and remove red-eye from images, as well as adjust color and exposure, reduce noise, and so on.
I You can adjust your images using the controls in the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Add Adjustments pop-up menu Adjustment Action pop-up menu The controls in the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD are also available in the Adjustments inspector. You can also easily export your images to a third-party application such as Adobe Photoshop, make adjustments, and then bring the adjusted image back into Aperture by simply saving it.
Presenting Your Images in Slideshows You can use Aperture to make slideshow presentations to clients or viewers. Using one or two large-screen displays, you can set Aperture to present slideshow images in a variety of ways. For example, you can present images as a sequence of single images or as multiple images in columns and rows on your screen. You can also customize your slideshow by setting the display interval, choosing accompanying music, using transitional fades, changing the background, and more.
I Reviewing Images in the Aperture Light Table You can use the Aperture Light Table to freely arrange and organize a group of images visually to see how various combinations of images work together. Or, you can arrange a combination of images and print them in specific geometric arrangements. When viewing a selection of images in the Light Table, you can freely drag the images into any position or arrangement you want and resize them to determine how they might look grouped on a page.
Publishing Your Images in Webpages and Web Journals To provide clients or the public the convenience of an online review, you can use Aperture to create webpages and websites. With Aperture, you can easily post your webpages to your MobileMe account, or you can post them to your own website server and then provide the Internet address to clients or other reviewers. Aperture provides ready-made themes and webpage layouts that you can quickly choose for the design of your pages.
I You can also create a web journal, which allows you to mix text and images on the webpage. For example, you might create a web journal that chronicles your latest trip and include your photos. You create web journal pages by creating a web journal album and using the Webpage Editor to design your pages. For more information about creating web galleries and web journals, see Chapter 20, “Creating Webpages,” on page 535.
Printing and Exporting Images You can also easily print individual images in standard and custom print sizes and print collections of images on contact sheets. Aperture has many preset printing options to help facilitate printing. You can also customize print settings to get the optimum use of your printer and meet custom print requirements. For more information about print options, see Chapter 16, “Printing Your Images,” on page 471.
I Backing Up Your Work After importing images from your camera and erasing memory cards in preparation for the next shoot, the only record of your images is stored on your hard disks. It’s vital that you back up your files on storage media separate from your computer and its hard disks. Backing up your photos and storing the backups in a safe place can save your work from catastrophes such as fire, theft, storm-related disruptions, or equipment failure.
2 The Aperture Interface 2 The Aperture interface is modeled around acquiring, editing, processing, and distributing photos. This chapter describes the names and functions of the Aperture interface elements. Use this chapter to orient yourself while learning Aperture. To find detailed information about the concepts described in this chapter, read the chapter about the topic. You can also search for terms associated with Aperture in the index and glossary.
The Aperture Main Window The Aperture main window contains the following areas: Toolbar Inspector pane Viewer Browser Vault pane Control bar Note: The Inspector pane is shown by default. You can show or hide the Inspector pane by pressing I. Arranging the Interface Aperture provides four basic views of your images: Browser Only, Browser & Viewer, Viewer Only, and Full Screen. The areas in the Aperture interface are resizable, and you can customize any of these views to suit your workflow.
I Browser The Browser displays a project’s or album’s thumbnail images. When you select a project or album in the Projects inspector, images appear in the Browser. You can display images in the Browser in three ways: in filmstrip view, in grid view, and in list view. You can also open multiple projects at a time in the Browser. Browser in Filmstrip View When the Browser is in filmstrip view, images in a selected project appear as a row of thumbnails.
Browser in Grid View When the Browser is in grid view, images in a selected project appear as thumbnails within the Browser arranged in columns and rows. You can adjust the size of the thumbnails to easily review and work with your images. B C D E F G A H 46 A Browser The Browser displays the contents of any project or album selected in the Projects inspector. By default, the Browser displays images in a project or album as a grid of image thumbnails. You can also view your images in list view.
I Browser in List View When the Browser is in list view, images in a selected project appear as rows of information. Metadata about each image appears in columns, and by clicking a column heading you can sort the images by that column category. B A A List of images The Browser displays the contents of any selected project or album as a list. B Column headings Columns display image information and metadata. You can click a column heading to sort the list by that category of information.
Viewer When you select one or several image thumbnails in the Browser, those images are displayed in the Viewer. You can use the Viewer to examine an image at its full size or compare multiple images side by side. A C 48 B A Viewer The Viewer displays the images you’ve selected in the Browser. You can apply adjustments, keywords, and metadata to an image in the Viewer.
I Tool Strip A B C D F E G H I J A Selection tool Select projects, albums, and images with this tool. B Rotate Left tool Rotate an image to the left with this tool. You can use this tool to rotate an image displayed in the Viewer or Browser. C Rotate Right tool Rotate an image to the right with this tool. You can use this tool to rotate an image displayed in the Viewer or Browser.
Display Controls A B C D E A Viewer Mode pop-up menu Choose how to view your images and arrange your displays from this pop-up menu. For more information, see Chapter 6, “Displaying Images in the Viewer,” on page 179. B Show Master Image button Click this button to view the master image without any applied adjustments. Click again to switch the view back to the current version.
I To exit Full Screen view, do one of the following: m Click the Exit Full Screen button in the toolbar (or press F). m Press Escape. B A C A Full Screen view Use Full Screen view to view, compare, and stack your images. You can also apply adjustments and keywords. When you’ve finished working with your images, you can use this view to preview and proof your images. B Toolbar Use the toolbar buttons and tools to change your images.
Controls in the Filmstrip The filmstrip provides controls for resizing thumbnails, scrolling images, and shuttling images. You can also use the filmstrip to search for images, rotate images, and rate images. Navigation Controls C B A A Thumbnail Resize slider Drag the slider to change the size of the image thumbnails shown in the filmstrip. B Scroll bar Use this to scroll through your images. C Shuttle control Click either side of this slider to rapidly shuttle through your filmstrip images.
I Rotate and Navigation Buttons B C A D A Rotate Left Click this button to rotate the selected image to the left. B Rotate Right Click this button to rotate the selected image to the right. C Previous Image Click this button to go to the previous image. D Next Image Click this button to go to the next image. Rating Buttons B C A D A Reject Click this button to give the selected image a Reject rating. B Decrease Rating Click this button to decrease the rating of the selected image.
Version Buttons B A A Duplicate Version Click this button to create a new version of the selected image. B New Version From Master Click this button to create a version from the original master image. A duplicate of the master image is created. Stacking Buttons A 54 B C D A Stack Pick Select a stack item, then click this button to mark the image as its stack’s pick. B Promote Select a stack item, then click this button to move the selected stack item closer to the stack’s pick.
I Adjustment Tools A B C D E F G H I J A Selection tool Select projects, albums, and images with this tool. B Rotate Left tool Rotate an image to the left with this tool. You can use this tool to rotate an image displayed in the Viewer or Browser. C Rotate Right tool Rotate an image to the right with this tool. You can use this tool to rotate an image displayed in the Viewer or Browser.
Display Controls B A C D E A Viewer Mode pop-up menu Choose how to view your images and arrange your displays from this pop-up menu. For more information, see Chapter 6, “Displaying Images in the Viewer,” on page 179. B Show Master Image button Click this button to view the master image without any applied adjustments. Click again to switch the view back to the current version.
I Inspector Pane The Inspector pane provides easy access to your projects, to image metadata, and to controls for adjusting images. The Inspector pane includes three inspectors: the Projects inspector, the Metadata inspector, and the Adjustments inspector. Click the tabs at the top of the Inspector pane to select the inspector you want. To show the Inspector pane, do one of the following: m Choose Window > Show Inspector (or press I). m Click the Inspector button in the toolbar.
Projects Inspector The Projects inspector holds containers—projects, folders, and albums—with which you can organize your images. You can create Smart Albums that automatically find and store images based on search criteria you specify. You can also create webpages (photo galleries and online journals), Light Table arrangements, and books. To display the Projects inspector, do one of the following: m Click the Projects tab in the Inspector pane (or press Control-P).
I To display the Metadata inspector, do one of the following: m Click the Metadata tab in the Inspector pane (or press Control-D). m Press W repeatedly to cycle through the inspectors until you select the one you want. B C A A Metadata display buttons Click a button to select the type of metadata to display. B Metadata View pop-up menu Choose the metadata view being displayed from this pop-up menu.
Adjustments Inspector You can use controls in the Adjustments inspector to apply, edit, and remove image adjustments. Controls in the Adjustments inspector are grouped according to the type of image adjustment they perform. You can see the controls for an adjustment by clicking its disclosure triangle. To show the Adjustments inspector, do one of the following: m Click the Adjustments tab in the Inspector pane (or press Control-A).
I To remove an adjustment from an image, deselect the checkbox for the adjustment. For more information about using adjustment controls, see Chapter 14, “An Overview of Image Adjustments,” on page 327 and Chapter 15, “Making Image Adjustments,” on page 365. Although you can apply initial adjustments with the Adjustments inspector, it’s often more convenient to use the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD in Full Screen view.
H Full Screen button Click this button to switch to Full Screen view, in which images are displayed on the screen without the Inspector pane, Browser, or Viewer. I Loupe button Click this button to open the Loupe, which zooms in on your image by magnifying the area of the image it is placed over. You can adjust the diameter of the Loupe by choosing View > Loupe Scaling > Increase Diameter or View > Loupe Scaling > Decrease Diameter.
I Keyword Controls You can display keyword controls in the control bar and use the buttons and pop-up menus to apply keywords to images. To display keyword controls in the control bar: m Choose Window > Show Keyword Controls (or press Shift-D). A B C A Individual keyword buttons Click any of these buttons to apply a preset keyword to a selected image or group of images. Hold down Shift and click the button to remove the keyword. B Add Keyword field Enter a new keyword, then press Return.
Navigation Buttons A B A Previous Image Click this button to go to the previous image. B Next Image Click this button to go to the next image. Import Pane The Import pane displays a list of connected cameras, card readers, and external hard disk drives, as well as local hard disks and mounted servers. To import images into Aperture, you select a device in the pane or connect a camera or card reader, and the Import dialog appears.
I Vault Pane The Vault pane lists your backup vaults and their locations. Vaults are usually located on external FireWire drives. As you add images to the library, Aperture automatically tracks which managed images have been backed up to your vault. When your vault is up to date, the Vault Status button appears black. When a change to at least one version occurs, such as an adjustment, the Vault Status button appears yellow.
Book Layout Editor When you create a new book album, the Book Layout Editor appears. In it, you can create a variety of printed books to showcase your images. Select a page to edit in the Pages pane. Design each page in the Book Layout Editor. Pages Pane D E C B A H 66 G F A Add Pages pop-up menu Choose to add one or several pages to your book using this pop-up menu. B Pages pane Select an individual book page in the Pages pane to view, or rearrange your book pages.
I C Theme button Click this button to choose a theme and layout for your book’s pages. D Edit Content button Click this button to change images or edit text on your pages. E Edit Layout button Click this button to change the page layout, moving and resizing text, metadata, and photo boxes on pages. F Book Action pop-up menu Choose options to reflow the images in a book, add an index and page numbers, or add and change the look of text, metadata, and photo boxes from this pop-up menu.
Text, Metadata, and Photo Box Buttons A B C D E A Add Text Box Click this button to add a text box to the page. B Add Metadata Box Click this button to add a metadata box to the page. C Add Photo Box Click this button to add a photo box to the page. D Send Backward Click this button to move a selected box backward in the stacking order of overlapping text or image boxes.
I Cover and Page Display Buttons B A C D A Large Hardcover Click this button to choose a large hardcover book format. B Large Softcover Click this button to choose a large softcover book format. C Show Full Spreads Click this button to display two facing pages. D Show Single Pages Click this button to display single pages. Printing and Page Navigation Buttons A B C D A Print Click this button to print your book’s pages.
Webpage Editor You can use the Webpage Editor to create professional-quality, gallery-style pages and web journal pages for displaying your images. After designing your pages, you can post them to your MobileMe account or web server. The controls in the Webpage Editor differ slightly depending on whether you have selected a webpage album or a web journal album.
I I Height value slider Specify the height of the images displayed on the page. J Next Page button Click this button to go to the next webpage. K Previous Page button Click this button to go to the previous webpage. L Publish to MobileMe button Click this button to publish your finalized webpages to your MobileMe account. For more information, see “Exporting to MobileMe” on page 552. M Export Web Pages button Click this button to export your webpages.
E Add Text Box button Click this button to add a text box to the current webpage. F Columns value slider Specify the number of columns you want on a page. G “Fit images within” pop-up menu Choose how images appear on the webpage from this pop-up menu. H Width value slider Specify the width of the images displayed on the page. I Height value slider Specify the height of the images displayed on the page. J Next Page button Click this button to go to the next webpage.
I Light Table The Light Table provides an open workspace where you can freely arrange images. You can use the Light Table to review and compare images, create mockups of webpages, compare color values in a selection of images before applying color corrections, or do anything else that involves viewing and comparing your images. C D E F B A H G A Tool strip Use these tools for selecting and rotating images and for lifting and stamping adjustments and metadata.
Heads-Up Displays Heads-up displays, or HUDs, are collections of related tools and controls contained in a floating window. You can move a HUD as far as your display screen extends. You can use HUDs in all the main window views, including Full Screen view. Inspector HUD The Inspector HUD provides access to three inspector panes: the Projects pane, the Metadata pane, and the Adjustments pane. The controls in the Inspector HUD are the same as those in the inspectors in the Inspector pane.
I Individual Adjustment Tool HUDs Many of the Aperture adjustment tools, including Crop, Spot & Patch, Red Eye, Lift, Stamp, and Retouch, work in conjunction with HUDs. To view any of these HUDs: m Select the adjustment tool in the tool strip. To learn more about the adjustment tools, see Chapter 14, “An Overview of Image Adjustments,” on page 327 and Chapter 15, “Making Image Adjustments,” on page 365. Query HUD The Query HUD provides options for searching for images.
H New Album With Current Images button Click this button to create a new album containing images that match the current search criteria. I New Smart Album button Click this button to create a new Smart Album based on the search criteria. For more information, see Chapter 13, “Grouping Images with Smart Albums,” on page 317. For more information about searching for images, see Chapter 12, “Searching for and Displaying Images,” on page 295.
I Changing Views In addition to allowing you to show and hide areas of the interface, Aperture offers four basic views of the main window: Â Browser Only: Use this view to display images in an enlarged Browser so you can review images, perform initial rating passes, and create and work with stacks of images. Â Browser & Viewer: Use this view to display both the Browser and Viewer together and use them in combination to review and work with images.
Keyboard shortcut shift T F Function Show/Hide toolbar Enter/Exit Full Screen view Customizing the Toolbar The toolbar can be customized to display exactly the tools you need. You can customize the toolbar by selecting the tools to include, rearranging them, and choosing whether both the tool’s icon and text appear. Hiding and Showing the Toolbar You can choose to hide the toolbar completely. To hide the toolbar: m Choose View > Hide Toolbar (or press Shift-T).
I Customizing the Toolbar Buttons Aperture provides a simple drag-and-drop interface for adding, deleting, and rearranging the toolbar buttons. To customize the toolbar: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose View > Customize Toolbar. Â Control-click the toolbar, then choose Customize Toolbar from the shortcut menu. A dialog appears, showing icons for toolbar buttons and tools.
Customizing Keyboard Shortcuts Aperture provides a wide variety of menu commands and keyboard shortcuts that let you control almost every aspect of your workflow. The Command Editor lets you search or browse the various commands and keyboard shortcuts in Aperture. In addition, the Command Editor lets you customize keyboard shortcuts so you can streamline the way you work. This section covers how to modify keyboard shortcuts using the Command Editor.
I Command Editor Interface The upper half of the Command Editor displays a virtual keyboard. The lower half contains a command list that sorts menu commands by group and offers a brief description of each command, along with its associated keyboard shortcut, if one exists. The virtual keyboard is color-coded to help you identify the type of command each key performs. The Command Groups column on the left side of the Command List area includes a clickable color key for reference.
Viewing Keyboard Shortcuts by Group The Command List area displays several groupings of commands, organized by Aperture menus as well as by types of command. Click a group to have the Command list display only the commands and keyboard shortcuts in that group. Command groups Searching for Commands Use the search field in the upper-right corner of the Command Editor to quickly locate a command or its keyboard shortcut. You can search by command name, description, or keyboard shortcut.
I To search for and highlight a keyboard shortcut on the virtual keyboard: 1 Click the Keyboard Highlight button to the left of the search field. The keyboard dims. 2 Click in the search field and begin typing. The Command list changes as you type, highlighting the keys related to your search term. Note: When you select the Keyboard Highlight button, only command keys are highlighted. Modifier keys that may be part of the keyboard shortcut (Command, Shift, Option, and Control) are not highlighted.
When you select a command in the Command list, the Detail area displays a brief description of the command. Assigning Keyboard Shortcuts Customizing shortcuts in the Command Editor is fast and easy. Because the default Standard Set includes commands for which no shortcut is defined, you may want to apply a new shortcut to a command. Because you cannot modify the Standard Set, you must first duplicate that set and then customize the new duplicate set.
I To save a command set: m Click the Save button in the lower-right corner of the Command Editor. If you close the Command Editor with unsaved changes, Aperture prompts you to save the command set. To delete a command set: 1 Make sure you are using the command set you want to delete, then choose Delete from the pop-up menu at the top of the Command Editor. A dialog appears. 2 Click Delete. The command set is removed, and the Standard Set becomes the active set of commands.
Setting Aperture Preferences You can use the Preferences window to specify settings in Aperture. By taking time to specify your preference settings, you can speed up your workflow. To open the Preferences window: m Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,). The Preferences window appears.
I General Preferences D E C F B G A H A “Show alert when import Select this checkbox to have Aperture show an alert message is finished” checkbox when importing images is complete. B “Create new versions when making adjustments” checkbox Select this checkbox to have Aperture automatically create a new version when you adjust a selected image.
Appearance Preferences G F H E I D J C K B L A 88 A “Show activity label next to the status indicator” checkbox Select this checkbox to set Aperture to display the current activity next to the status indicator. B “Show number of versions for projects and albums” checkbox Select this checkbox to have Aperture display the number of versions in a project or album in the Projects inspector. C “Show ‘Loading...
I K “Show tooltips on controls” checkbox Select this checkbox to have Aperture display the names of interface items when you place your pointer over them. L “Badge referenced images” checkbox Select this checkbox to have Aperture display badges that identify referenced images. Export Preferences C B D A E A Email Export Preset pop-up menu Choose an export preset to use when exporting images to your email client.
Previews Preferences C B D A 90 E A Preview Quality slider To change the image quality of the previews, drag the Preview Quality slider. The higher the quality you select, the more disk space the previews require. B “Use embedded JPEG from camera when possible” checkbox Select this checkbox to set Aperture to use the JPEG thumbnail of an image produced by the camera, if available.
I Metadata Preferences A B C D E A Viewer area Select the Viewer checkbox to specify how you want metadata displayed for images in the Viewer. Select the Set buttons and choose the information you want displayed from the Set 1 and Set 2 pop-up menus. You can also choose where the information should appear from the Placement pop-up menus. Select the Set 1 or Set 2 button to select the metadata view you want displayed as the default.
MobileMe Preferences B A C D E A Gallery Title field Enter text in this field to specify the webpage title that appears on your MobileMe page. B “Check for new photos” pop-up menu Choose whether you want Aperture to update your web galleries automatically on a scheduled basis or whether you want to update them manually. You can have Aperture automatically update the galleries once an hour, once a day, or once a week.
3 Working with Aperture Projects 3 The basic components of Aperture, including projects, albums, and versions, provide the building blocks for working in a nondestructive environment. This chapter explains basic elements in Aperture and describes how to set up and use projects to hold your images. This chapter covers: Â Basic Components of Aperture (p. 94) Â Working with Projects (p. 100) Â Creating and Naming Projects (p. 101) Â Opening and Closing Projects (p.
Basic Components of Aperture Aperture uses the following basic components in your image management system: Â Masters: The original image files imported from your camera, memory card, computer, or external storage media. Â Versions: Files derived from the masters and used to display your images with any changes you’ve made, including image adjustments or changes to metadata. Â Projects: Containers that hold masters, versions, and albums. Projects can hold tens of thousands of masters and even more versions.
I What Are Versions? Once you have masters on your hard disk, you can review and make adjustments to your images. For example, you can change the exposure, contrast, or saturation, or add information to an image, such as the photographer’s name, event, and location. To work with images, Aperture creates a “version” of each master that includes your adjustments and embedded information, and leaves the master unchanged. A version refers to the master on your hard disk, but it is not the master itself.
What Are Projects? You organize your masters and versions using projects. A project is a container consisting of image versions and their corresponding masters. A project can hold tens of thousands of masters, and you can create as many projects as you wish up to the limitations of your disk space. For example, you can create a new project for each of your shoots. Or if you do several shoots of the same subject, you may want to create a project that encompasses all of the shoots.
I You can also create albums within projects to help you organize your images into relevant groups. For example, images in your Soccer project can be divided into three albums: Game 1, Game 2, and Game 3. Three albums created within one project You can also place versions from other projects into an album that resides within a project. What Are Folders? In Aperture, you use folders to organize projects and albums.
What Is the Library? The Aperture library tracks every project, album, master, and version no matter whether the images are stored in the Aperture Library file or in other hard disk locations. Aperture automatically creates a library file in your Pictures folder the first time you open Aperture. You can choose to import images into the library or have Aperture access them from other locations on different hard disks.
I You specify that an image will be a managed image or a referenced image when you import it. When importing images, you can:  Specify that masters be stored in the Aperture library  Import images as referenced images, so that their masters remain in their current locations  Move or copy image files to a new location.
What Is a Vault? To ensure you have backup copies of your images, you create a vault to hold the backup. A vault is a container that holds an exact copy of the library. This includes projects, masters, and any versions you’ve created. You can easily create and update a vault to back up the library. It’s a good idea to create multiple vaults on multiple external hard drives to safeguard copies of the library. You can have as many vaults as you deem necessary.
I Using More Than One Album in a Project For some projects, it makes sense to use several albums within the project. You can use albums in several ways, including: Â Albums as events: Break a project into a series of albums according to specific events. For example, a wedding project can be divided into albums for each of the following events: Preparation, Ceremony, and Reception. Â Albums as days: Break a project that spans multiple days into albums for individual days.
You can create projects at any time, although typically you create them when you import images. When you import images into the Aperture library and no project is selected, a new project is created to contain those images. However, you can create a new empty project at any time. For more information about importing files and creating projects automatically, see Chapter 4, “Importing Images,” on page 109. To create a new project: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > New Project (or press Command-N).
I Opening and Closing Projects To work with your images in Aperture, you first select a project in the Projects inspector to open it in the Browser. You can open and work on more than one project at a time. When multiple projects are open, each project appears in the Browser with its own tab. You can click a project’s tab to bring it to the front. You can also open a project in its own pane to view two projects in the Browser side by side.
To switch between several open projects: m In the Browser, click a project’s tab. Projects are identified by their tabs. To close a project: 1 Click the project’s tab to bring it to the front. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > Close Tab (or press Command-W). Â Click the tab’s close button.
I Deleting Images from Projects and Albums Aperture allows you to delete versions separately from their masters. You can also delete a master and all its versions in a project. If you delete a version in an album, its master and related versions are not deleted. To delete a master and all its versions from a project: 1 Select the image, then choose File > Delete Master Image and All Versions. A dialog appears asking if you want to continue. 2 Click the Move to Trash button.
To delete an album, a Light Table album, a webpage album, a web journal album, or a book album: m Select the album, then choose File > Delete [Item]. The selected item is deleted along with its contents. Adding Times and Dates to Aperture Album Names It is common to differentiate albums in a project by adding the dates to the album names. If you add dates to an album name, avoid using special characters like the slash (/), since that may be interpreted by Mac OS X as a file separator.
I If the Aperture library becomes large, you can create additional, separate library files to hold more images. For example, you might create additional library files in different locations on your internal hard disk, or on different hard disks. You then specify in the Aperture Preferences window which library file the application should access when it opens.
Working with the Library in the Projects Inspector Clicking the Library icon in the Projects inspector displays thumbnails of all the images in the library in the Browser. When you click the disclosure triangle beside the Library icon in the Projects inspector, you see the project named All Projects and the following Smart Albums: Â Five Stars: Select this Smart Album to see all images in the library that are rated five stars.
4 Importing Images 4 Aperture provides tools and workflow options that make it easy to import your images. This chapter describes a variety of methods for importing images into Aperture. You can import images directly from your camera or card reader, import images stored on your computer hard disk or other storage devices, import your iPhoto library, and more. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Importing Images (p. 110) Â File Formats You Can Import into the Library (p.
An Overview of Importing Images When you import from a camera or card reader, Aperture places the images in a project. If you don’t select an existing project, a new one is created automatically. As Aperture imports images, it generates a version file and an image thumbnail corresponding to each master.
I File Formats You Can Import into the Library Aperture is a QuickTime-compatible application, so it supports standard QuickTime-compatible still-image file formats, as well as some other file formats and file types. The following file types and formats can be imported:  GIF  JPEG  JPEG2000  PNG  PSD (8- and 16-bit)  DNG  RAW files from a variety of supported digital cameras  TIFF (8- and 16-bit) Note: For a list of supported digital cameras, go to http://www.apple.com/aperture.
 Plan how you want to import your legacy digital images. Because you may have many thousands of images previously stored on disk, you need to decide whether you’ll store newly imported images in the Aperture library or store them as referenced images, leaving them in their current hard disk locations. You can also copy or move images to a different hard disk location when importing them. Also, plan the project organization you’ll need to hold the images.
I You can change the order of images in the dialog by choosing a sort order from the Sorting pop-up menu. You can also select images in the Import dialog and rotate them to the orientation you want. Click a Rotate button and then click the image you want to rotate, or select several images to be rotated and click a Rotate button to rotate them all at once. Aperture imports the images into your projects with the orientation you selected.
When connecting your camera directly to the computer, make sure that you turn the camera on and set it to the mode for transferring images (PC, PTP, Normal, or another mode, depending on the type of camera). Some cameras automatically select the correct transfer mode when connected to a computer. See your camera’s manual for specific instructions. Importing All Images from a Camera or Card Reader You can import all the image files located on your camera or card reader into Aperture at once.
I 2 Do one of the following: Â If you want to import into a new, empty project: Choose File > New Project (or press Command-N) to create a new project. You can also choose New Project from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar. Note: You can also click the Library icon in the Projects inspector, if necessary, to select it. When you select the library (not a project), a new, untitled project is automatically created when images are imported.
4 Choose a naming convention from the Version Name pop-up menu to specify how you want the images named. For example, choose Master Filename from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your files stored using the current master filenames from your camera or card. Choose a name format from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your images stored using a specified name. If you choose a custom name format, enter the name you want in the Name Text field. You can also apply the name format to the master as well.
I Importing a Selection of Images You can also import a selection of images from your camera or card reader. To import a selection of images: 1 Connect your camera or card reader to your computer. The Import pane and Import dialog appear, showing the images on the camera or card. 2 In the Projects inspector, do one of the following: Â Choose File > New Project (or press Command-N) to create a new project. You can also choose New Project from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar.
 To store imported masters as referenced images in a location other than the Pictures folder: Choose “Choose” from the Store Files pop-up menu and select the folder you want. Choose “No folder” from the Subfolders pop-up menu to specify that the files be stored as separate individual files in the selected folder. You can also specify that Aperture create a hierarchy of subfolders with specific folder names to hold your files.
I Importing Image Files Stored on Your Computer You can import image files stored on your computer and other storage devices. You have a choice of storing imported images in the Aperture library, importing images as referenced images and leaving them in their current locations, or importing images as referenced images and moving or copying them to a different location. Note: If you have folders of images to import, you can import them using the Import Folders as Projects command.
3 In the file browser, navigate to the folder containing the image files you want to import. Select the folder of images you want to import. When you have selected the folder containing the image files you want to import, image thumbnails appear in the Import dialog. 4 In the Projects inspector, do one of the following: Â Select Library to create a new, untitled project, or choose File > New Project (or press Command-N). You can also choose New Project from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar.
I 6 Choose a location for the imported images by doing one of the following: Â To store imported masters in the Aperture library: Choose In the Aperture Library from the Store Files pop-up menu. Â To import the files as referenced images stored in their current locations on your hard disk: Choose “In their current location” from the Store Files pop-up menu. Â To store imported masters as referenced images in the Pictures folder on your hard disk: Choose Pictures from the Store Files pop-up menu.
Changing the Location of Images When You Import Them When you import images stored on a hard disk, you can copy or move those images to a new location. You specify a new location for the moved or copied files by choosing a destination folder from the Store Files pop-up menu in the Import dialog. Choose a folder destination for the files you are moving or copying using this pop-up menu. You specify filenames used within Aperture by choosing a name format from the Version Name pop-up menu.
I You choose the subfolder organization you want from the Subfolders pop-up menu. You can also specify your own custom folder organization by choosing the Edit command. Subfolders pop-up menu For more information about creating custom subfolder hierarchies, see “Importing Masters for Referenced Images into Folders” on page 125. To copy or move images to a new location when importing them from a hard disk: 1 Click the Import button in the toolbar (or press Command-I).
3 In the file browser, navigate to the folder containing the image files you want to import. Select the folder of images you want to import. When you have selected the folder containing the image files you want to import, image thumbnails appear in the Import dialog. 4 In the Projects inspector, do one of the following: Â Select Library to create a new, untitled project, or choose File > New Project (or press Command-N). You can also choose New Project from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar.
I 7 Choose a naming convention from the Version Name pop-up menu to specify how you want the images named. For example, choose Master Filename from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your files stored using the current master filenames from your camera or card. Choose a name format from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your images stored using a specified name. If you choose a custom name format, enter the name you want in the Name Text field. You can also apply the name format to the masters as well.
     Current Year Current Month Current Day Folder Name Project Name You can also create a hierarchy of folders within folders. For example, you can specify that Aperture place your images in a subfolder named Date, and within that folder you can create subfolders identified by the time the image was taken. To create the folder name format, you drag the elements you want into the Format field and drag the slash element between the elements where a subfolder should be created.
I To reset the starting number of a counter in a folder name format: m In the Folder Naming Presets dialog, type 0 (zero) in the “Incrementing counter starting at” field. Automatically Naming Your Imported Images The filenames given to images by the camera are often difficult to distinguish. When you import images, you can have Aperture use the original name assigned by the camera, or use a filenaming convention that you choose or create.
You can apply names to your image files when you import them and when you export them. You can specify names that will be applied to the versions and to the masters. For example, when you import images from your camera, you can specify that a name format be applied to each image version that Aperture creates. You can also specify that Aperture apply names to the masters as they are stored in the library or on a hard disk.
I Avoiding Special Characters The most conservative filenaming conventions provide the most cross-platform compatibility. This means that your filenames will work in different operating systems, such as Mac OS X and other UNIX-based operating systems, Mac OS 9, and Windows. You also need to consider filenaming when you transfer files via the Internet, where you can never be certain what computer platform your files may be stored on, even if temporarily.
Creating Custom Name Formats In addition to the preset name formats, you can create custom name formats. To create a name format, you select the name elements you want in the Naming Presets dialog.
I To create a custom name format: 1 In the Import dialog, choose Edit from the Version Name pop-up menu. The Naming Presets dialog appears. 2 Click the Add (+) button to create a new name format, or select the preset name format you want to change. 3 Drag the name elements you want into the Format field in the order you want them. You can also add valid characters or spaces between the name elements. For more information about valid filenaming characters, see “Avoiding Special Characters” on page 129.
Adding Metadata to Images During Import You can add metadata to your images as they are imported into Aperture. Adding metadata during import helps you keep track of your images and quickly locate them using the Query HUD. For example, you can add IPTC keywords and other metadata to the image files. To add metadata to your images as they’re imported: m Choose a metadata view or preset from the Add Metadata From pop-up menu in the Import dialog. Click the Reset button to clear entries in the metadata fields.
I Creating Stacks Automatically During Import You can automatically create stacks when you import images. You can preview the stacks before you import using the Auto-Stack slider in the Import dialog. For detailed information about working with stacks, see Chapter 8, “Stacking Images and Making Picks,” on page 219. Stacks are automatically created based on auto-bracketed images and images shot continuously or within short intervals of time.
Adjusting the Image File’s Time When Importing On a trip, it’s easy to forget to update your camera’s clock to match the local time zone. If you didn’t synchronize your camera time to the new location, Aperture makes it easy to correct the time assigned to the image file by whole hours when importing. To adjust image file capture time when importing: 1 Click the Import button in the toolbar (or press Command-I). The Import dialog appears with the file browser at the top.
I Capturing Images as You Work For certain kinds of shoots, such as product shots done within your office studio, you may want to immediately see test shots on your computer to check on lighting and other production factors. You can connect your camera directly to your computer and have each shot immediately appear in an Aperture project as you shoot. You can review an image in detail, make production changes, and then shoot and immediately see the results again.
To use tethered shooting, you first connect your camera to the computer using a USB or FireWire cable. You then select a project for the images to be stored in. Aperture provides a Tether Settings dialog for choosing your tethered shooting settings, and you can use this dialog to specify any other import settings (just as you would normally specify import settings in the Import dialog). These import options are the same as those in the Import dialog.
I To set up Aperture for tethered shooting: 1 Connect your camera to your computer. 2 Select or create a project or album to hold the images. 3 Choose File > Tether > Start Session. 4 Specify the import settings you want. For more information about the import settings, see “Importing from Your Digital Camera or Card Reader” on page 113. 5 Click Start Session. The Tether HUD appears. 6 Do one of the following: Â To begin the capture session: Click Capture. Â To stop capturing images: Click Stop Session.
Importing Folders of Images from the Finder If you’ve spent time organizing your images into a meaningful hierarchy on your computer and you want to keep that organization, you can import a folder of images as a project or drag it directly into the Projects inspector. When you import a folder of images or drag it into the Projects inspector, the folder becomes a project and any subfolders become albums within the project.
I 5 Choose a naming convention from the Version Name pop-up menu to specify how you want the images named. For example, choose Master Filename from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your files stored using the current master filenames from your camera or card. Choose a name format from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your images stored using a specified name. If you choose a custom name format, enter the name you want in the Name Text field. You can also apply the name format to the masters as well.
To import your iPhoto library: 1 Choose File > Import > iPhoto Library. 2 Select the iPhoto Library folder using the file browser in the Import dialog. 3 Choose a location for the imported images by doing one of the following: Â To store imported masters in the Aperture library: Choose In the Aperture Library from the Store Files pop-up menu. Â To import the files as referenced images stored in their current locations on your hard disk: Choose “In their current location” from the Store Files pop-up menu.
I Browsing and Selecting Images from Your iPhoto Library You can open the Aperture iPhoto Browser to review iPhoto images and import specific images into the Aperture library. The iPhoto Browser gives you a handy way of looking for images that you want without having to import your entire iPhoto library.
To open the iPhoto Browser and select images: 1 Choose File > Show iPhoto Browser (or press Command-Option-I). 2 Select the iPhoto roll or folder that you want. You can display larger previews of the thumbnails in the iPhoto Browser. When you double-click an image, it appears in the Preview window. You can reposition the window and resize it as needed. Drag here to resize the Preview window. Click these buttons to display the next or previous image.
I Transferring Projects from Another System If you work with several computers, or work on projects with other people, you may find it necessary to transfer projects from one Aperture system to another. Transferring projects is a simple import process. To transfer a project from one computer to another: 1 Select the project you want to transfer, then choose File > Export > Project. 2 Enter a name and choose a location for the exported project.
Where Aperture Stores Your Managed Files in the Library You always view and work with your images within Aperture. However, you may wonder where your managed image files physically reside in the Aperture library on the computer’s hard disk. By default, your images are stored in the Aperture Library file within your Pictures folder. You can open and see the contents of the Aperture Library file in the Finder by Control-clicking the file and choosing Show Package Contents.
I Migrating a RAW Image Selection You can choose to migrate all images, migrate only images with adjustments, or migrate only images without adjustments. You can also migrate images one at a time using the RAW Fine Tuning controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. For more information about migrating individual images, see “Migrating Images Individually with the RAW Fine Tuning Controls” on page 146. Important: The Migrate Images command cannot be undone.
To migrate every RAW image in the library: 1 In the Projects inspector, click the Library disclosure triangle to reveal the Smart Albums beneath it. 2 Select the Smart Album named All Photos. 3 Choose File > Migrate Smart Album. 4 In the dialog that appears, select the appropriate migration criteria, then click the Migrate Images button. Every RAW image in the library is migrated to the Aperture 2 RAW decoding process.
Part II: Photo Editing II This section explains the Aperture features used for photo editing and working with your images.
5 Working with Images in the Browser 5 After a shoot, you may need to sort through hundreds or even thousands of images in a project. Aperture provides efficient methods for increasing your productivity when working with large numbers of images. This chapter provides information about using the Browser to select and work with images in a project. The Browser provides the principal ways of viewing, selecting, and working with images.
An Overview of the Browser When you select a project or album in the Projects inspector, thumbnails of its images appear in the Browser. You select images in the Browser to work with them. You can move and rearrange images, rotate images, make new versions, and delete images from the project.
II Â Tool strip: Click the buttons in the tool strip to select tools to work with. The tool strip provides access to the Selection tool for selecting images, the Rotate Right and Rotate Left tools for rotating images, and the Lift and Stamp tools for lifting keywords and adjustments from images and stamping them on other images. Â Scroll bar: Use this to scroll through all images in a project. Â Thumbnail Resize slider: Drag this slider to increase or decrease the size of thumbnails displayed in grid view.
List view displays a list of your images with associated file information. Use list view when you need to see or sort your images by corresponding file data such as image date, file size, or rating. Images displayed in list view in the Browser List view is a great way to quickly see information about your files. You can also use list view to sort your images by any of the column categories. Click the category column heading to sort your images by that category.
II Navigating Through and Selecting Images Selecting images is a fundamental task in Aperture. Knowing the many ways you can select images can help increase your productivity and satisfaction while working with your images. Navigating Through Images in the Browser You can select one or several of the images in the Browser to work with them or to view them in the Viewer. Aperture identifies the images you’ve selected by displaying them with a white border.
Selecting Images Aperture provides fast and efficient ways of selecting images, depending on your work style and preferences. You can select images in the following ways. Task Action Select a single image  Click the image.  Press the arrow keys to navigate to the image. Select a range of images  Click the first image in a range, then Shift-click the last image.  Press the arrow keys to select the first image, then press Shift and the arrow keys to select the last image in the range.
II Working with Images in Filmstrip View You can use the filmstrip view in combination with the Viewer to quickly scroll from image to image, making changes and comparing images. For example, you can select several images in a row, group them in a stack, apply ratings, and compare them side by side in the Viewer. You can use the Right Arrow and Left Arrow keys to quickly move from image to image, and you can use the scroll bar and the Shuttle control to quickly scroll through images.
Working with Images in Grid View Grid view displays a grid of thumbnails as a top-level view of your project. Grid view is the Browser’s default view. If your project has many images, you may want to adjust the size of the thumbnails to a size convenient for selecting and working with them. You can also use the Shuttle control or scroll bar to scroll through the images.
II Depending on your work preferences, you may want to lighten or darken the background that your thumbnails appear against in the Browser. The darker the background, the less it interferes with the colors in your image. It’s a good idea to set the background to a dark color when performing color adjustments to your images. You can darken the background from shades of gray all the way to black, or lighten it from gray to white.
To sort images in list view by a category: m Click the category column heading in the Browser. Images in list view sorted by date When you work in list view, it may sometimes be difficult to determine the content of an image based on the file information. You can enlarge the thumbnail icons that appear in list view to give you a better look at the images. To enlarge the thumbnail icons in list view: m Drag the Thumbnail Resize slider to increase or decrease the size of the icons.
II When you’re working with the Browser and Viewer together, you can also reposition the Browser on the screen. For example, you can rotate the Browser to the side. Browser rotated You can also swap the position of the Viewer and Browser when you want. To rotate the position of the Browser: m Choose View > Browser > Rotate Position (or press Shift-W). To swap the position of the Browser and the Viewer: m Choose View > Browser > Swap Position (or press Option-W).
Navigating Through Images in Quick Preview Mode As you work with images in the Browser and Viewer, you can set Aperture to display representations of the images called previews. A preview is a JPEG representation of the image that has less information than the original and is used to allow Aperture to more quickly display images. For example, the thumbnails in the Browser are preview representations of the master reduced to thumbnail size.
II Searching for Images in the Browser When you have many images in a project, more than the Browser can display at once, you can use the search field to locate images. Enter the search criteria in the search field and Aperture finds the image or images for you. Query HUD button Search field You can search for images in a project and show just the search results in the Browser.
To set the Browser Query HUD to show all images: 1 In the Projects inspector, select an album. 2 In the Browser, click the Query HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon). 3 In the Query HUD, deselect the Rating checkbox. All images, including rejects, appear in the Browser, and Showing All appears in the Browser’s search field. To set the Browser Query HUD to show rejected images only: 1 In the Query HUD, make sure the Rating checkbox is selected.
II Sorting Images You can change the order of images in the Browser based on image properties such as filename, file size, date, rating, and more. For example, when displaying images by filename, Aperture places the images in alphabetical order according to filename. You might also order the images by date or time. You choose the sort property from the Sorting pop-up menu in grid view, list view, and filmstrip view. Sort Direction button Choose the sort property you want here.
To rotate images individually, do one of the following: m To rotate individual images, select the Rotate Left tool or Rotate Right tool in the tool strip, then click an image. Rotate Left tool Rotate Right tool m Select the image you want to rotate, then choose Images > Rotate Counterclockwise (or press the Left Bracket key) or choose Images > Rotate Clockwise (or press the Right Bracket key).
II Creating Versions of an Image Occasionally, you may want to make copies of an image. For example, you might copy an image and apply different exposure settings or other adjustments, or change it for a specific use, such as for placement in a webpage or book. When you copy an image, Aperture makes a new version of the image. When you create a new image version, you have a choice of copying the original master image or the currently selected version with any changes you’ve made.
To copy the selected image version: 1 Select the image you want to copy. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose Images > Duplicate Version (or press Option-V). Â Click the Duplicate Version button in the toolbar. Â To duplicate the version and automatically select the duplicate, choose Images > Create and Add to Selection > Duplicate Version (or press Shift-Option-V). If you create multiple versions of an image, Aperture groups the versions in a stack.
II To remove a version from an album: m Select the version and choose Images > Remove From Album (or press Delete). You may also want to delete a version from a stack. To delete a version from a stack: 1 Open the stack and select the version you want to delete. 2 Choose File > Delete Version (or press Command-Delete). If you delete the last version in a stack, Aperture asks whether you want to delete the master. If you confirm that you want to delete the master, the master is moved to the Trash.
To delete a stack and its master: 1 Select the stack you want to delete. 2 Choose File > Delete Master Image and All Versions. 3 When a dialog appears asking you to confirm that you want to delete the master and versions, click Move to Trash. Recovering Deleted Files If you accidentally delete an image you meant to keep, and you can’t recover it by choosing Undo, you may be able to recover it from the Trash. If you originally backed up your deleted masters, the vault may also still hold them.
II To copy an image into a different album: m Drag the image into another album in the Projects inspector. To move an image into a different album: m Option-drag the image into another album in the Projects inspector. To move an image into a different project: m Drag the image into another project in the Projects inspector. To copy an image into a different project: m Option-drag the image into another project in the Projects inspector. You can also drag images out of Smart Albums.
Identifying Referenced Images After you import referenced images, you can identify them in the Browser by turning on referenced image badge overlays. Referenced images appear with badges that show whether their masters are currently available (online) or not found (offline). These badge overlays indicate that the images are referenced images. This badge overlay indicates that the image is an offline referenced image. To turn on referenced image badge overlays: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences.
II Displaying a List of Referenced Images When working with numerous images in the Browser, you may need to determine which images have masters that reside in the Aperture library and which are referenced images whose masters are located elsewhere on your hard disks. You can select a group of images in the Browser and then have Aperture show a list of the referenced images within the selection and where the masters are located.
Locating a Referenced Image on a Hard Disk At times you may need to quickly find a referenced image’s master on your hard disk to copy or move it, attach it to an email, or otherwise work with it outside of Aperture. You can select an image in the Browser and have Aperture display the image’s master location in the Finder. To locate a referenced image’s master in the Finder: 1 Select the referenced image you want in the Browser. 2 Choose File > Show in Finder.
II 4 Click the Show Reconnect Options button. Select the volume you want here, and navigate to the location of the file on the hard disk. 5 At the top of the dialog, select the file path for the master that you want to reconnect. A thumbnail of the image and some identifying metadata appear. 6 In the bottom half of the dialog, navigate to the referenced image’s master location on the hard disk and select the master. You can follow the file path listed for a selected image in the top of the dialog.
Relocating Referenced Images’ Masters You can easily move masters for referenced images to new locations on the same hard disk or a different hard disk. For example, if you use several hard disks, you might want to move the masters they contain to a convenient location on a different hard disk. To move masters for referenced images to a new location: 1 In the Browser, select the referenced images whose masters you want to move. 2 Choose File > Relocate Masters.
II Copying, Moving, and Deleting Referenced Images You can copy, move, and delete referenced images in your Aperture projects using the same procedures you use for other Aperture versions and masters. When you copy a version of a referenced image in Aperture, a new version is created and tracked in the Aperture library. No new files are recorded on the hard disk in the location of the referenced image’s master.
Working with Two or More Projects Open You can work with two projects open at once, splitting the Browser into a separate pane for each project. Project tab When you Option-click a second project in the Projects inspector, Aperture splits the Browser into two panes and shows thumbnails for both projects. You can select images in either pane and see the selections in the Viewer. You can also set the two panes to different display options.
II You use the Metadata pane of the Preferences window to customize the display of information shown with images in the Browser. The Browser’s metadata display settings appear here. In the Browser section, you select the Set buttons and choose the information you want displayed in grid view or filmstrip view. You can also choose where the information should appear from the Placement pop-up menus.
6 Displaying Images in the Viewer 6 The Viewer displays a detailed view of the image or images selected in the Browser. You can view an image in incredible detail or view several images at a time. This chapter provides instructions for displaying images in the Viewer so you can make adjustments, closely compare similar images, and inspect images at full resolution. If you use a dual-display system, you can set the Viewer to show your images on both screens to provide stunning, full-detail views.
An Overview of the Viewer When you select images in the Browser, the Viewer immediately displays a detailed view of your selection. You can display one image at a time, three images at a time, or multiple images. A detailed view of the selected image appears in the Viewer. The selected image in the Browser When rating or adjusting images, you can set the Viewer to compare two images at once.
II You can use a software loupe to magnify part of an image, perhaps to see the effect of removing blemishes or sharpening an image. You can position the Loupe over different portions of an image and see the magnified view. The Loupe shows a magnified view of whatever is beneath it. Depending on the size of your display and Viewer, images may be displayed at a reduced size to fit your Viewer.
Using two displays with your Aperture system is an excellent means of viewing your images. Aperture can show your images on both displays, allowing you to dedicate one display to enlarged views. When your system uses two or more displays, Aperture provides two Viewers, called the Main Viewer and Secondary Viewer. Just as you can with a single Viewer, you can set the Viewer on your second display to show images singly, three at a time, or up to ten at a time.
II Changing the Number of Images in the Viewer You can specify whether the Viewer displays one image, three images, or multiple images at a time. If your system uses multiple displays, you can configure your main and secondary displays to show single images, three images, or multiple images simultaneously. The display settings you choose also set the display of images in Full Screen view. To display a single image, do one of the following: m Choose View > Main Viewer > Show One (or press Option-R).
Comparing Images You can select an image against which to compare other images in your project or the library. The selected image remains on the screen as you select and display other images to compare against it. The comparison feature is useful for making final selections of the best images in a series or comparing two versions of an image for correct exposure or highlights. When comparing images, you can apply ratings and keywords and make adjustments to selected images.
II To turn off the comparison feature and select the compare image: m Choose Edit > Select Compare Item (or press Option-Return). To turn off the feature and select the image you’re viewing against the compare image: m Choose Edit > Clear Compare Item (or press Command-Return). You can also use these procedures to compare images in Full Screen view. For more information about Full Screen view, see Chapter 7, “Viewing Images in Full Screen View,” on page 207.
To show the Loupe, do one of the following: m Click the Loupe button in the toolbar. m Choose View > Show Loupe, or press the Grave Accent (`) key. Note: To hide the Loupe, do any of the above again. The Loupe appears. Loupe Loupe pop-up menu Moving the Loupe You can move the Loupe by dragging it to different locations over an image. To move the Loupe: m Drag the Loupe to a new location. If you drag within the Loupe, a circle appears that targets the area that will be magnified.
II To use the pointer to magnify parts of an image: m Choose Focus on Cursor from the Loupe pop-up menu. Choose Focus on Cursor from the pop-up menu. To turn off this feature, choose Focus on Loupe from the Loupe pop-up menu again. Changing the Size and Magnification of the Loupe You can also change the size of the Loupe and increase or decrease its magnification level.
m Choose View > Loupe Scaling > Decrease Zoom, or press Command–Shift–Minus Sign (–), to decrease the Loupe’s magnification. Press these keys repeatedly to decrease magnification more. m Place the pointer within the Loupe and roll the mouse wheel to create smooth changes in magnification.
II Using the Alternate Loupe You can also use an alternate Loupe to examine parts of an image. You position the small ring of the alternate Loupe over the portion of the image you want to see, and the large ring shows a magnified view. It’s useful for making quick checks for dust specks, flaws, fingerprints, or other issues. You can use the alternate Loupe on any image or thumbnail in the Aperture library. The alternate Loupe shows a magnified view of whatever is beneath it.
To increase the alternate Loupe magnification: m Press Command–Shift–Plus Sign (+). Press these keys repeatedly to increase magnification more. To decrease the alternate Loupe magnification: m Press Command–Shift–Minus Sign (–). Press these keys repeatedly to decrease magnification more. Showing Hot and Cold Areas in Your Images Images may occasionally have overly bright areas where color information about the area is beyond the standard limits of the Aperture working color space.
II To adjust the cold area display threshold: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,). 2 In the Preferences window, click Appearance. 3 Drag the Cold Area Display Threshold slider to the right to increase its sensitivity to shadow pixels, and drag the slider back to the left to decrease it. Viewing Images at Full Resolution A full-resolution view of an image shows every pixel in the image.
Viewing Master Images When working with adjusted images, or versions, you may at times want to check what the original master image looks like. You can have Aperture quickly display the master image on which a selected version is based. To display the master image for a selected version, do one of the following: m Choose View > Show Master Image (or press M). m Click the Show Master Image button in the Viewer tool strip.
II Viewing Images on Multiple Displays Using the additional screen space of a second display affords an excellent platform for viewing and adjusting images, playing slideshows, and presenting your full-color, full-size images to clients. For more information about setting up two displays, see “Setting Up Your System with Two Displays” on page 629. When your system uses two displays, Aperture provides two Viewers in which you can view multiple images.
To display the same images in both the Main and Secondary Viewers, do one of the following: m Choose View > Secondary Viewer > Mirror (or press Option-M). m Choose Mirror from the Viewer Mode pop-up menu in the tool strip. To display a selection of images across both the Main and Secondary Viewers, do one of the following: m Choose View > Secondary Viewer > Span (or press Option-S). m Choose Span from the Viewer Mode pop-up menu in the tool strip.
II To set the display of metadata shown with images in the Viewer: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Metadata. Â Press Command-J. In the Metadata pane, you can choose how you want to view metadata in the Viewer. 2 Select the Viewer checkbox. 3 Choose the metadata views you want to use from the Set 1 and Set 2 pop-up menus. 4 Choose the location where you want the metadata displayed from the Placement pop-up menus.
Working with Preview Images Aperture allows you to create and use JPEG previews of versions in the library. Aperture preview images improve the display of images in Aperture and allow you to easily use your images in other applications. These preview images are used to speed up the display of images in the Viewer, in the Browser, and in Full Screen view. Previews are JPEG images generated by Aperture that represent the original master with any applied adjustments.
II Controlling Preview Images You can control the creation and maintenance of preview images for an entire library, as well as on a project-by-project or image-by-image basis. Aperture is preset to create previews for images in the library. Previews are built as a background activity after importing images. If you import a large number of images, it may take an extended time to build these previews.
 Preview Quality: Use this slider to determine the compression setting used for the JPEG previews. The scale ranges from 0 (very high compression and relatively low quality) to 12 (very low compression and relatively high quality). The lower the quality setting, the less disk space a preview uses.  Limit preview size: Choose the size (width and height in pixels) of preview images from this pop-up menu. The default setting is Fit within 2560 x 2560.
II To have Aperture automatically update previews in a single project only: 1 In the Projects inspector, select the project with the images you want to maintain previews for. 2 Choose Maintain Previews For Project from the Project Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). A checkmark appears next to the Maintain Previews For Project menu command. Aperture will now automatically update previews when images are imported into the project, as well as when versions are created or adjusted.
To delete JPEG previews for an image selection: 1 In the Browser, select an image or group of images whose JPEG previews you want to delete. 2 Control-click the image selection, then choose Delete Previews from the shortcut menu. To update JPEG previews for an image selection: 1 In the Browser, select an image or group of images whose JPEG previews you want to update. 2 Control-click the image selection, then choose Update Previews from the shortcut menu.
II Note: Because slideshows that use the Best quality setting cannot begin until all preview images are up to date, preview generation is done in the foreground with a Cancel button to stop the operation. In all other cases, previews are created in the background. Rescheduling JPEG Preview Maintenance For projects in which automatic preview maintenance is disabled, canceled previews can be rescheduled.
To update previews to use new size and compression settings: 1 In the Browser, select the images you want to update. 2 Hold down the Option key, Control-click the image selection, and choose Generate Previews from the shortcut menu. If you encounter performance issues, you can check the Activity window to see if Aperture is doing work in the background (choose Window > Activity).
II Generating Previews for Projects You Intend to Keep Offline A JPEG preview is displayed when a referenced image’s master is offline or cannot be found. This makes previews a great way of maintaining high picture quality while conserving the disk space that masters (especially RAW files) require. To use previews for offline referenced images: 1 Make sure the external hard drive containing the referenced masters you want to keep offline is connected to your computer.
To share previews with other applications: 1 Select the project whose images you want to share with other applications, then choose Maintain Previews for Project from the Project Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). 2 Make sure the “Share previews with iLife and iWork” checkbox is selected in Aperture (Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Previews). 3 In the Projects inspector, Control-click the project and choose Update Previews for Project from the shortcut menu.
II Turning Previews Off If your workflow does not benefit from previews, you can turn them off completely. To turn off previews: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Previews. 2 Deselect the “New projects automatically generate previews” checkbox. This step disables automatic preview maintenance for any new projects that you create. 3 In the Projects inspector, select Library, then choose Maintain Previews For All Projects from the Project Action pop-up menu (so there is no checkmark next to it).
Integration with Mac OS X Desktop & Screen Saver System Preferences Like images in iPhoto libraries, images in Aperture libraries can be used for your screen saver and desktop picture, through the same mechanism the media browser uses. Displaying Offline Referenced Images When a master is offline or cannot be found, Aperture draws the thumbnail image first, and then the preview if it is present. Because the preview is high quality, you can zoom and even use the Loupe.
7 Viewing Images in Full Screen View 7 Full Screen view’s large viewing space and black background provide an excellent work area for viewing and adjusting your images. Full Screen view provides access to many of the tools and HUDs in Aperture. This chapter explains how you can use Full Screen view’s filmstrip and toolbar to move through and rate your images. You can also use the Aperture HUDs in Full Screen view to adjust, retouch, and add metadata to your images.
An Overview of Full Screen View Full Screen view projects your images onto a black background for detailed viewing. Using a dual-display system in Full Screen view gives you an enlarged space to compare and adjust images. For more information about setting up a dual-display system, see “Setting Up Your System with Two Displays” on page 629. You can view, compare, and stack your images in Full Screen view. You can also apply adjustments and keywords.
II Entering and Exiting Full Screen View You can quickly switch between Full Screen view and your workspace layout in the Aperture main window. To enter Full Screen view: m Click the Full Screen button in the toolbar (or press F). Full Screen button in the toolbar The Aperture main window disappears and your images appear in Full Screen view. To exit Full Screen view, do one of the following: m Click the Exit Full Screen button in the toolbar (or press F).
To view more than one image at the same time, do one of the following: m Command-click individual images that are not adjacent to select them. m Shift-click images to select a range of images. m Change your view settings in the Viewer Mode pop-up menu in the toolbar. Viewer Mode pop-up menu Moving and Resizing the Filmstrip You can move the filmstrip to the left, bottom, and right sides of your main display.
II To move the filmstrip to a different location, do one of the following: m Drag the filmstrip to the left, right, or bottom of the Aperture window. m Choose Left, Right, or Bottom from the Filmstrip Action pop-up menu. You can also lengthen or shorten the filmstrip to make it better fit the screen. To resize the filmstrip: m Drag the end of the filmstrip (near the small dots that appear on either end).
Stacking Buttons Album Pick Stack Pick Promote Demote  Stack Pick: Select a stack item, then click this button to mark the image as its stack’s pick.  Promote: Select a stack item, then click this button to move the selected stack item closer to the stack’s pick.  Demote: Select a stack item, then click this button to move the selected stack item farther from the stack’s pick.
II Â Retouch: Use this tool to retouch all types of imperfections in an image, such as skin blemishes, using either the Repair or Clone brush. Â Red Eye: Use this tool to correct red-eye, occurring when the subject’s retinas reflect light from your camera’s flash.
Using HUDs in Full Screen View You can use any of the Aperture HUDs in Full Screen view. For example, you can open a HUD when you want to add keywords or make adjustments to images. HUDs are available for use in Full Screen view and can make adjusting images easier. Keywords HUD Use the Keywords HUD to create and organize keywords and to add keywords to your images. To show the Keywords HUD: m Press Shift-H. Use the Keywords HUD in Full Screen view to quickly add keywords to your images.
II Inspector HUD Use the Inspector HUD to navigate through the library, modify metadata in your images, and perform adjustments. To show the Inspector HUD: m Press H. Use the Inspector HUD in Full Screen view to open the Projects pane, Metadata pane, or Adjustments pane when working with images. Tool HUDs Many of the adjustment tools work in conjunction with HUDs, and you can use all of them in Full Screen view.
Changing the Display of Metadata in Full Screen View The metadata display settings you have chosen for the Viewer and Browser also apply to images displayed in Full Screen view and in its filmstrip. The settings for the Viewer control the display of metadata for full-screen images, and the settings for the Browser control the display of metadata for thumbnails in the filmstrip. For more information about setting the display of metadata, see Chapter 11, “Working with Metadata,” on page 269.
II Using Keyboard Shortcuts in Full Screen View Here are several useful keyboard shortcuts you can use in Full Screen view.
Quickly Accessing Commands In Full Screen view, you can also access commands via a shortcut menu. To view the shortcut menu: m Position the pointer anywhere in the Full Screen view screen except the filmstrip or toolbar, then Control-click (press the Control key and click). Note: Although accessing commands from shortcut menus can help you work more quickly, keep in mind that not all commands are available in shortcut menus.
8 Stacking Images and Making Picks 8 Photographers frequently shoot a series of related photos with the aim of selecting one image for use. Aperture makes it easy to choose the best image out of a series. This chapter explains how you can easily group related images into sets, called stacks, that are easy to review, work with, and select final picks from. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Stacking Images (p. 219) Â Creating Stacks (p. 221) Â Working with Stacks (p.
A stack appears in the Browser as a group of images. The image that represents the stack, called the pick, is selected and displayed on the left. You can select any image in the stack as the pick, and it moves to the leftmost position in the stack. You can rearrange the order of images in a stack. For example, you might choose an alternate image and position it next to the pick. A Stack button appears in the upper-left corner of the pick image in the stack, indicating the number of images in the stack.
II Creating Stacks When you import your images, you can specify that Aperture create stacks automatically. For example, if you shoot a series of images in quick succession (such as at a sports event) or if you bracket images to allow for differences in lighting or exposure, you most likely will want to view those images together. Aperture can stack those images based on metadata recorded by the camera as the series of pictures is taken. This shows an example of a series of images taken in quick succession.
Creating Stacks Automatically When importing images, you can have Aperture automatically group them into stacks. To set Aperture to stack images automatically during import: 1 Connect your camera or card reader to your computer. The Import pane and Import dialog appear, displaying the images on your camera or card reader. 2 Drag the Auto-Stack slider to set the time interval for successive shots in a stack. Click these buttons to open or close stacks. Drag the slider to stack images.
II To stack images after they are imported: 1 In the Projects inspector, select a project or album that contains images you want to stack. 2 Choose Stacks > Auto-Stack (or press Command-Option-A). 3 In the Auto-Stack Images HUD, drag the slider to specify the maximum interval for successive shots in a stack. Move the slider to indicate the maximum interval for successive shots. As you drag the slider, the images in the Browser are stacked according to the interval of time specified.
Creating Stacks Manually After importing photos, you may want to quickly review them and delete those that you immediately see have technical or content flaws. You may then want to group the remaining images into stacks before rating them. Stacking images manually can help provide an initial organization and an overview of your shots, which you can then put through a more refined or discriminating rating pass later. To create a stack manually: 1 In the Browser, select the images you want to stack.
II Tips for Creating Stacks Quickly and Efficiently One secret to an efficient photo edit is to quickly group related images into stacks before rating. Here is a suggested method for quickly creating multiple stacks in a fast initial pass through your images. To create multiple stacks quickly: 1 Drag related images into easily selectable rows or groups. Adjacent images are the easiest to select when creating stacks. 2 Select an image at one end of the series.
Opening and Closing Stacks You can close a stack and open it again whenever you wish. You may want to do this to free up space in the Browser. You can also close stacks to quickly reduce the number of images you must sort through when selecting images for a final photo edit. When a stack is closed, only the stack’s pick image appears in the Browser. To close a stack, do one of the following: m Select an open stack, then choose Stacks > Close Stack (or press Shift-K).
II Designating an Album Pick for a Stack The same stack may appear in several albums. Depending on the purpose of the album, you may want a different pick image for each album. For example, a stack in a webpage album may have one pick image, and the same stack in a book album may have a different pick image adjusted for printing. You can designate a specific image in a stack to be an “album pick”—the pick for the stack within a specific album. Each album can have a different album pick for the stack.
Adding Images to and Removing Images from Stacks You can add images to and remove images from stacks at any time. You can drag images into or out of a stack, as well as drag images from one stack to another. To add an image to a stack, do one of the following: m Select images in a stack and the image you want to add to it, then choose Stacks > Stack (or press Command-K). m Drag the image into an expanded stack.
II Dragging Stacks You can drag an entire stack to a new location, and you can drag specific images within a stack to a new location. When a stack is closed, dragging the stack moves the entire stack. When a stack is open, you can drag individual versions to new locations in the Browser. You can also drag images into a stack. If you drag a stacked image into a different project, however, the entire stack moves to the new location.
Working with Stacks in Full Screen View You can also review stacks using the filmstrip in Full Screen view. A stack appears marked with a Stack button. You can open or close stacks to review the contents of a stack or compare images within stacks. You can reorder images in a stack or change a stack’s pick image using the keyboard shortcuts for promoting and demoting stacked images. You can also use the stacking buttons in the toolbar and keyboard shortcuts to work with stacks.
II Keyboard Shortcuts for Working with Stacks Aperture provides the following keyboard shortcuts for efficiently working with stacks.
9 Rating Images 9 Rating images is a quick and easy way to narrow down the number of images you intend to work with. It can also help you locate your best images later. This chapter explains how to quickly assign image ratings and use them to sort and review images. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of the Aperture Rating System (p. 234) Â Rating Images (p. 236) Â Sorting Images by Rating (p. 238) Â Including Image Rating in Your Workflow (p. 239) Â Comparing and Rating Images (p.
An Overview of the Aperture Rating System After finishing a shoot, photographers typically review their images and determine which ones are worth working with. While a “yes or no” judgment of an image can work for a small selection of photos, with a larger collection of similar images that show small variations, photographers need an organized method of noting which images are superior shots, which deserve further review, and which are poor quality or rejects.
II The process of rating an image can be as easy as selecting an image and clicking a rating button in the control bar to assign a rating to the image. Increase Rating Reject Select Decrease Rating You can also use keyboard shortcuts to quickly assign or change ratings. You can quickly review and rate images one after another with speed and efficiency. You can also select and rate multiple images at once.
Rating Images Aperture provides a set of seven possible image ratings:  Five stars, or Select  Four stars  Three stars  Two stars  One star  Unrated, or neutral  Reject Rejected images appear with a white X overlay. Positive ratings appear with white star overlays. If no overlays are displayed on the image, the image is considered neutral or is not rated. You can rate a single image or apply a rating to several images at once.
II Keyboard Shortcuts for Rating Images For quick and efficient rating, use the arrow keys to select images, and use the following keyboard shortcuts to apply ratings. Keyboard shortcut + - 9 1 2 3 4 5 Function Increase rating Decrease rating Apply Reject Apply one star Apply two stars Apply three stars Apply four stars Apply five stars You can also apply a rating to several images at once. To apply the same rating to multiple images at once: 1 Select the images you want to rate.
Sorting Images by Rating After you’ve rated your images, you can sort images according to a specific rating. For example, after an initial rating pass, you can choose to show only those images rated Select, with five stars. You can then closely inspect and further refine your selection or begin making adjustments to images. Image files are not deleted when sorted by rating. They are only temporarily removed from view.
II Including Image Rating in Your Workflow You can use image rating as part of your workflow to help reduce a large group of images to a smaller group of preferred images. Sometimes you can accomplish the selection process in one pass, especially if the group of images is small. If the group is large, additional rating and culling passes may be necessary. Rating images with multiple passes can allow you to take a measured approach to the photo editing process.
10 In the next pass, assign a rating of five stars, or Select, to your best images. 11 Specify a rating that is equal to five stars in the Query HUD. Only the images rated Select remain visible in the Browser. Comparing and Rating Images For those really tough decisions, Aperture allows you to compare and rate a select image against close alternates. This is particularly useful when you are trying to choose an image from a small group of similarly composed images.
II If you have a second display and want to view each image on a different display, choose View > Secondary Viewer > Span (or press Option-S). 4 Rate your compare image by doing one of the following: Â To assign the Select rating: Press Option-Backslash (\). Â To increase the compare image’s rating: Press Option–Plus Sign (+). Â To decrease the compare image’s rating: Press Option–Minus Sign (–). The rating appears as an overlay on the compare image.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Displaying Images with Specific Ratings To quickly display images with a certain rating level or better, use the following keyboard shortcuts.
10 Applying Keywords to Images 10 Adding keywords to your images helps you organize your images and quickly locate specific images. This chapter provides information about adding keywords to images and using these keywords to help define and organize your images. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Keywords (p. 244) Â Viewing Keywords Applied to Images (p. 246) Â Applying Keywords Using the Keywords HUD (p. 250) Â Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets (p.
An Overview of Keywords Keywords are descriptive words assigned to image versions and saved as metadata. For example, a family portrait may include such keywords as Portrait, Family, Father, Mother, Daughter, Husband, Wife, Park, Client Select, Purchased, and more. Once you have applied keywords to your images, you can have Aperture display an image’s keywords in the Viewer and Browser. You can also view keywords for selected images in the Metadata inspector.
II If you sell your images to image libraries, you can export the keywords assigned to your images as IPTC data. During export, Aperture embeds your keywords individually in the image file as IPTC-compliant keyword fields. The more keywords you apply to your images, the more likely it is that your images will be located by potential customers. For more information, see Chapter 17, “Exporting Your Images,” on page 487.
 Using the Metadata inspector Add keywords here. Viewing Keywords Applied to Images You can view the keywords applied to an image version in several areas:  In overlays that appear on or below images in the Browser or Viewer  In the Metadata inspector  In the Keywords column of the Browser, when the Browser is in list view Displaying Keywords in the Viewer and Browser You can turn on the display of image keywords in the Browser and Viewer.
II To display keywords using overlays: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose View > Metadata > Customize (or press Command-J). Â Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Metadata. The Metadata pane of the Preferences window appears. 2 To display keywords in the Viewer, select the Viewer checkbox. 3 Choose Caption & Keywords from the Set 1 pop-up menu. Choose Caption & Keywords from this pop-up menu. Choose where you want the information displayed from this pop-up menu.
To hide or show overlays in the Viewer or Browser, do one of the following: m To hide or show overlays in the Viewer: Choose View > Metadata > Viewer (or press the Y key). The captions and keywords appear in the area you specified. m To hide or show overlays in the Browser: Choose View > Metadata > Browser (or press the U key).
II To view an image’s keywords using the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD: 1 If necessary, show the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD by choosing Window > Show Inspector HUD (or pressing H), then click the Metadata button. 2 Choose a metadata view that includes keywords, such as General or Caption & Keywords, from the Metadata View pop-up menu. Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. 3 Select an image to see its keywords.
Viewing Keywords in the Browser in List View When the Browser is set to list view, Aperture can display a column that shows the keywords assigned to images. To view keywords in the Keywords column of the Browser: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose View > Metadata > Customize (or press Command-J). Â Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Metadata. The Metadata pane of the Preferences window appears.
II Controls in the Keywords HUD The following controls are found in the Keywords HUD: Close button Search field Disclosure triangle Keyword list Keyword group Remove Keyword button Lock button Add Keyword button Add Subordinate Keyword button  Close button: Click this button to close the Keywords HUD.  Search field: Enter text to search for keywords that match the text. Click the Reset button (with an X) to clear the field.  Keyword group: A set of related keywords.
Using the Keywords HUD to Apply Keywords You can use the Keywords HUD to quickly apply keywords to one or more images. You can simply drag keywords to any image or selection of images in the Viewer or Browser. When you select a group of images, you can assign keywords to all the selected images at once. To assign a keyword using the Keywords HUD: 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following: Â Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H). Â Click the Keywords HUD button in the toolbar.
II To apply multiple keywords using the Keywords HUD: 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following: Â Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H). Â Click the Keywords HUD button in the toolbar. The Keywords HUD appears. 2 To select the keywords you want to apply, do one of the following: Â Hold down the Shift key while pressing the Up Arrow or Down Arrow key to select several keywords. Â Shift-click a group of adjacent keywords. Â Command-click keywords that aren’t adjacent.
 Type the keyword you’re looking for in the Keywords HUD search field. Enter a keyword in the search field. The keyword list updates to reveal all instances of the keyword you entered. Adding Keywords to the Keywords HUD You can add new keywords to the keyword library of the Keywords HUD. To add new keywords to the keyword library: 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following:  Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H).  Click the Keywords HUD button in the toolbar.
II 3 Type the new keyword, then press Return. The new keyword is added to the keyword library and is sorted alphabetically. To add keywords to a keyword group: 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following: Â Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H). Â Click the Keywords HUD button in the toolbar. The Keywords HUD appears. 2 Select the keyword group to which you want to add a keyword. 3 Click the Add Subordinate Keyword button.
To create a new keyword group with keywords in it: 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following: Â Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H). Â Click the Keywords HUD button in the toolbar. The Keywords HUD appears. 2 Click the Add Keyword button, then type a name for the new keyword group. 3 With the new keyword group name selected, click the Add Subordinate Keyword button, type a keyword, then press Return. The keyword you just added becomes the first keyword in the new group.
II Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets One way to apply keywords is to use the keyword controls located in the control bar. You can add new keywords to images or apply preset keywords that are part of a keyword group. Keyword controls About the Keyword Controls in the Control Bar The keyword controls are located at the right side of the control bar and are typically shown by default.
 Add Keyword field: Type a new keyword in this field and press Return to add it to a selected image. To remove a keyword you’ve just applied, type the keyword again and press Shift-Return. If the Keywords HUD is locked, you are asked whether you want to unlock the Keywords HUD and add the keyword to the keyword library, or not add the keyword to the image.  Keyword Preset Group pop-up menu: Use this to choose the keyword preset group you want displayed.
II Choosing a Keyword Preset Group Aperture provides groups of related keywords in sets that you can easily select and use. A group of related keywords is called a keyword preset group. You can select a keyword preset group whenever you need it, and you can create your own keyword preset groups that include keywords you frequently use. When you choose a keyword preset group, Aperture assigns the specific keywords to keyword buttons in the control bar.
Creating a Keyword Preset Group You can create new keyword preset groups when you need them. To create a keyword preset group and assign keywords to it: 1 In the control bar, choose Edit Buttons from the Keyword Preset Group pop-up menu. Choose Edit Buttons to add a new keyword preset group. The Edit Button Sets window appears. The Name column on the left lists the keyword preset groups that already exist.
II 2 To create a new keyword preset group, click the Add (+) button. An untitled preset group appears in the Name column. A new, untitled preset group appears in this list. Click the Add button to add a keyword preset group. 3 Type a name for the new keyword preset group, then press Return. 4 Drag keywords from the Keywords Library column to the Contents column. Add Keyword button If you wish, you can select multiple keywords and drag them to the Contents column at once.
5 Drag the keywords in the Contents column into the order you want. The first eight keywords will be assigned to the keyboard shortcut key combination of Option and a number key (1 through 8) on the keyboard. To remove a keyword from the column, select it and press Delete, or click the Delete (–) button below the column. 6 After arranging the keywords in order, click OK. The new keyword preset group appears in the Keyword Preset Group pop-up menu.
II The Lift & Stamp HUD appears. All information for the selected image appears here. All the image’s metadata, such as applied adjustments, rating, and keywords, appears in the Lift & Stamp HUD. 3 Deselect the metadata checkboxes except for Keywords, or select items in the HUD and press Delete to delete them. Make sure the Keywords checkbox is the only one selected. 4 To apply the keywords from the HUD, click the images to which you want to assign the keywords, then select the Stamp tool.
To stamp keywords on a selection of images at once using the Lift & Stamp HUD: 1 Select an image. 2 Select the Lift tool (or press O). The Lift & Stamp HUD appears, displaying all the image’s metadata, such as applied adjustments, rating, and keywords. 3 In the Lift & Stamp HUD, deselect the metadata checkboxes except for Keywords. 4 Select the images you want to apply the keywords to. 5 Click the Stamp Selected Images button.
II 6 Select an image or group of images, then select the Stamp tool to apply the keywords. The reduced selection of keywords is applied to the selected image or group of images. You can quickly lift and stamp the keywords and all other metadata and adjustments from one image to another using keyboard shortcuts. To quickly lift and stamp image metadata: 1 Select an image, then press Command-Shift-C to lift the metadata from the image.
Applying Keywords Using the Metadata Inspector When you select an image, you can use the Metadata inspector to see the image’s keywords and add new keywords, if needed. To apply keywords using the Metadata inspector: 1 Select an image, 2 Choose Window > Show Inspector (or press I), then click Metadata. 3 Click the Keywords button at the bottom of the Metadata inspector. A list of the image’s keywords appears. Type a keyword here and click the Add button.
II Applying Keywords to Images in the Light Table You can use the Light Table to arrange your image selection in a freeform manner. After arranging your images into groups, you can apply keywords to groups at once. For example, if you make a Light Table album consisting of the selects from your wedding shoot, you can group the images according to the part of the wedding event they show.
To remove an individual keyword from a group of images using keyword controls in the control bar: 1 Select the group of images. 2 In the control bar, type the keyword you want to remove in the Add Keyword field, then press Shift-Return. The keyword is removed from the selected images. For more information about using the control bar, see “Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets” on page 257.
11 Working with Metadata 11 You can display different combinations of metadata, such as version names, captions, ratings, keywords, and IPTC information, with your images. This chapter explains how to set the display of metadata with your images using the Metadata pane of the Preferences window. It also explains how to use the Metadata inspector to display and change the metadata for a selected image, as well as create custom sets of metadata for display.
An Overview of Metadata, Metadata Views, and Metadata Presets You can display different combinations of metadata with your images in the Viewer and Browser, as well as in Full Screen view. Aperture provides many metadata views that represent specific combinations of information that you can display. For example, you can choose a basic metadata view that shows an image’s version name and caption.
II To show the Metadata inspector, do one of the following: m Choose Window > Show Inspector (or press I), then click the Metadata tab. m Click the Inspector button in the toolbar, then click the Metadata tab. Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. Edit and arrange your metadata views using the Metadata pop-up menu. Metadata inspector To view a subset of the image’s metadata, click the appropriate button.
To show the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD: m Choose Window > Show Inspector HUD (or press H), then click Metadata. You can also add the actual metadata you want applied to your images to the fields of a metadata view and save it as a metadata preset. You can then use that metadata preset to apply combinations of metadata to images as you import them or change them using the Batch Change dialog.
II Displaying Metadata with Your Images You use the Metadata pane of the Preferences window to specify the metadata shown with images in the Viewer and Browser, as well as the metadata that appears in image tooltips. For the Viewer and Browser, you can choose a metadata view to display and choose an alternate that you can quickly switch to by pressing a keyboard shortcut. Select this checkbox to turn on the display of metadata in the Viewer.
Metadata view name Information displayed Photo Info–EXIF Version name, image date, camera model, pixel size, aperture, shutter speed, exposure bias, focal length (35mm), focal length, and ISO speed rating EXIF-Expanded Version name, image date, camera make, camera model, pixel size, aperture, shutter speed, exposure bias, focal length (35mm), focal length, ISO speed rating, aspect ratio, orientation, depth, color space, exposure mode, flash, serial number, lens minimum (mm), maximum lens aperture,
II To set the display of metadata in the Viewer: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose View > Metadata > Customize (or press Command-J). Â Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Metadata. 2 Select the Viewer checkbox. Select this checkbox to turn on the display of metadata in the Viewer. 3 In the Viewer area, choose the metadata view you want from the Set 1 pop-up menu. Choose an alternate metadata view from the Set 2 pop-up menu.
To set the display of metadata in the Browser in grid view: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose View > Metadata > Customize (or press Command-J). Â Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Metadata. 2 Select the Browser checkbox. 3 In the Browser area, choose the metadata view you want from the Set 1 pop-up menu. Choose an alternate metadata view from the Set 2 pop-up menu. 4 Choose where you want the metadata displayed in relation to the image from the Placement pop-up menus.
II Turning the Display of Metadata On or Off After choosing a metadata view, you can turn the display of metadata on and off and switch between metadata views. To hide or show metadata in the Viewer, do one of the following: m Choose View > Metadata > Viewer (or press Y). m Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), click Metadata, then select or deselect the Viewer checkbox.
Viewing and Changing Metadata in the Metadata Inspector and Inspector HUD You can view or change the metadata for a selected image in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD. The selected image’s metadata appears in text fields. You can change the metadata categories shown in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD by choosing a different metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu.
II To view and change metadata in the Metadata inspector and Inspector HUD: 1 Select an image. 2 Do one of the following: Â To show the Metadata inspector: Click the Inspector button in the toolbar (or press I), then click the Metadata tab. Â To show the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD: Choose Window > Show Inspector HUD (or press H), then click Metadata. 3 Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu.
To set up autofill entries in the AutoFill Editor: 1 Choose Metadata > Edit AutoFill List. 2 To edit the list, do one of the following: Â To add an entry: Select the metadata type you want to change, click the Add (+) button, and enter the text you want. Â To change an entry: Click the disclosure triangle for the metadata type you want to work with to display its entries, then double-click the entry you want to change. Type the new text.
II Working with Metadata Views You can create your own combinations of metadata to display with your images, called metadata views. You can modify the metadata views that come with Aperture.
4 To add metadata categories to your metadata view, do any of the following: Â To add a keywords field to the metadata view: Click the Keywords button and select the Include in Summary checkbox. Â To add EXIF fields to the metadata view: Click the EXIF button and select the checkboxes for the EXIF fields you want. Â To add IPTC fields to the metadata view: Click the IPTC button and select the checkboxes for the IPTC fields you want.
II 4 To add or remove categories of metadata that appear in the metadata view, do any of the following: Â To add or remove a keywords field: Click the Keywords button and select or deselect the Include in Summary checkbox. Â To add or remove EXIF fields: Click the EXIF button and select or deselect the checkboxes for the EXIF fields you want to add or remove. Â To add or remove IPTC fields: Click the IPTC button and select or deselect the checkboxes for the IPTC fields you want to add or remove.
To rename a metadata view: m Double-click the metadata view name, then type a new name in the field that appears. To add a duplicate metadata view: m Select a metadata view, then click the Add (+) button. To delete a metadata view: m Select a metadata view, then click the Delete (–) button. Working with Metadata Presets You can create your own preset combinations of metadata that you want applied to images.
II To modify an existing metadata preset: 1 To show the Metadata inspector, click the Inspector button in the toolbar (or press I), then click the Metadata tab. 2 Choose the metadata view that you want to use for the preset from the Metadata View pop-up menu. 3 Choose Replace with Preset from the Metadata Action pop-up menu, then choose the preset you want to modify. 4 Enter the changes you want in the metadata fields in the Metadata inspector. 5 Choose Save as Preset from the Metadata Action pop-up menu.
To apply a metadata preset when changing images with the Batch Change dialog: 1 Select the images you want to change. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose Metadata > Batch Change. Â Show the Metadata inspector by clicking the Inspector button in the toolbar (or pressing I), click the Metadata tab, then choose Batch Change from the Metadata Action pop-up menu. 3 Choose the metadata preset you want from the Add Metadata From pop-up menu.
II 3 To rearrange the order of metadata presets, drag them to new locations in the Metadata Presets list. You can also rename and delete metadata presets in this dialog. To rename a metadata preset: m Double-click the metadata preset name, then type a new name in the field that appears. To delete a metadata preset: m Select a metadata preset, then press the Delete key.
Batch Changing Metadata You can select a group of images and make metadata changes to all the images at once. For example, if you need to add the same set of keywords to a selection of images, or change the version name format, you can select the images and use the Batch Change dialog to change them. To change the metadata associated with a selection of images: 1 Select the images you want to change. 2 Choose Metadata > Batch Change (or press Command-Shift-B).
II More Information About IPTC Metadata If you intend to export your keywords as IPTC metadata, make sure each keyword entry is no more than 64 characters long. Keyword entries longer than 64 characters may not be displayed properly in other IPTC editors or operating systems. Here are some examples of common character limits for IPTC fields.
Understanding Badge Overlays When you apply adjustments, keywords, or other changes to an image, Aperture marks the image with a badge overlay. Badges can appear on images in the Viewer, the Browser, and the Light Table, in book pages and webpages, and in Full Screen view. Keywords have been applied to this image.
II How Badge Overlays Appear in Aperture The following table shows badges that appear on images in Aperture. Badge or Definition One or more adjustments have been applied to the image. One or more keywords have been applied to the image. Images are contained in a stack. The number indicates the number of images in the stack. The image has been edited with the external editor, and is therefore represented by the master created when the file was exported to the external editor.
To display badge overlays on images in the Viewer: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose View > Metadata > Customize (or press Command-J). Â Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Metadata. 2 Select the Viewer checkbox. 3 From the Viewer Set 1 pop-up menu, choose a metadata view that includes badge overlays. Some examples are General and Ratings, as well as Viewer-Basic and Viewer-Expanded. 4 Close the Preferences window. Badges are now visible in the Viewer.
II To display badge overlays on images in the Light Table, do one of the following: m Choose View > Metadata > Light Table (or press Shift-G). m Choose Aperture > Preferences, click Metadata, then select the “Show badges and ratings” checkbox in the Light Table section. Badges and metadata are now visible in the Light Table. To turn off badge overlays in the Light Table, do one of the following: m Choose View > Metadata > Light Table (to remove the checkmark), or press G.
12 Searching for and Displaying Images 12 Aperture allows you to easily search for and gather images in a variety of locations. You can perform complex searches and save your search results. This chapter provides information about using the Query HUD to search for images using a wide variety of criteria, including image name, subject, keyword, photographer, caption or text, date, location, EXIF and IPTC information, applied adjustments, and more. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Searching (p.
An Overview of Searching Aperture provides a pop-up menu in the search field of the Browser that allows you to quickly display images by rating and change how Aperture performs searches. Search field pop-up menu To have Aperture search for images by rating, you can choose a rating level from the pop-up menu. You can also have Aperture perform full text searches or limited text searches.
II The Query HUD is an easy-to-use window with options for specifying search criteria. For example, you might enter the text “finch” in the Query HUD, and Aperture locates files that include that text in their metadata. To show the Query HUD for a selected project, you click the Query HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) next to the search field in the Browser.
The most common reason to perform a search is to display a selection of images within a project. By selecting a project and using the Query HUD, you can quickly display specific images, hiding the rest from view. For example, you might isolate and display only those images of a certain subject, pose, rating, or location. Your search doesn’t change the contents of the project; it only temporarily changes the images you view in the Browser.
II The search criteria that you use can be simple or complex. For example, the following illustration shows some of the search criteria you can specify using the Query HUD. Select the checkboxes for the items you want to search by. Specify your search criteria. To search using a particular type of search criteria, you select the checkbox to turn on the search option and then specify the criteria that Aperture should look for.
Controls in the Query HUD The Query HUD has the following controls: Match pop-up menu “Include if” pop-up menu Search field Close button Add Filter pop-up menu Reset button Search criteria Query HUD Action pop-up menu “Stack picks only” checkbox New Smart Album button New Album With Current Images button  Close button: Click this button to close the Query HUD.
II Searching Across the Entire Library At times, you may want to search for images that reside in many different projects. For example, you might want to locate all your select photos for an entire year or for a particular month. To search across the library, you click the Query HUD button beside the Library name. Click the Query HUD button next to the Library name to search across the entire library. To search for images across the entire library: 1 Select Library in the Projects inspector.
Searching by Image Name, Caption, or Other Text You can search for images using any text that you’ve associated with an image. For example, you might search for images based on text in an image’s caption or keywords, or in any other text entry. You can also search by multiple text entries. To search for images by text: 1 In the Projects inspector, select a project or an album you want to search. 2 Show the Query HUD by doing one of the following: Â Choose Edit > Find (or press Command-F).
II 4 Select the Text checkboxes and enter text in each field to locate the images you want. Select the Text checkboxes and enter text in each text field you added. 5 Choose “any” from the Match pop-up menu to locate images that have matches for any of the text entries, or choose “all” to locate images that have matches for all of the text entries. The images that match the search criteria are immediately displayed in the Browser. To save your search results, see “Saving Your Search Results” on page 315.
3 In the Query HUD, select the Keywords checkbox. Note: The Keywords checkbox is dimmed if no keywords have been applied to the images in the selected project or album. Select the Keywords checkbox. Choose an option from the Keywords pop-up menu. Select the checkbox next to each keyword you want to search for. 4 Choose an option from the Keywords pop-up menu: Â To display images that have the selected keywords: Choose “are applied.
II Searching by Date You can search for and locate images by the date they were taken. For example, you might locate any images taken during a trip between May 16, 2005, and May 20, 2005. To search for images by date, you use the Calendar search options. When the calendar appears, any dates that appear in bold represent dates on which new photos were taken as registered in the EXIF data.
To search for images by creation date: 1 In the Projects inspector, select a project or an album you want to search. 2 Click the Query HUD button beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Query HUD, choose Date from the Add Filter pop-up menu. 4 Select the Date checkbox, then choose a date option from the Date pop-up menu. 5 Choose an option from the middle pop-up menu to qualify your search. 6 Enter the date you want the search based upon.
II Searching by Rating You can use the Query HUD to see all images with a certain rating. For example, you can search for all the images in a project that have a rating of five stars. You can show images with a specific rating, images rated at or below a specific rating, or images rated at or above a rating. Aperture is preset to hide images rated as rejected, showing only those that are unrated or better.
Searching by IPTC Information You can now search for and locate images using any IPTC information that you’ve assigned using enhanced search qualifiers. For example, you might locate any images that have IPTC keywords assigned to them. To search for images by IPTC information, you use the IPTC search options. For example, you can search for any image that doesn’t have keywords applied by specifying a search that uses the Keywords IPTC field and an “is empty” search qualifier.
II Â To specify the characters that the IPTC field should end with: Choose “ends with”. Â To specify that the IPTC field should hold no entry: Choose “is empty”. Â To specify that the IPTC field can be any entry as long as the field is not empty: Choose “is not empty”. 6 Enter an IPTC value you want to search by in the IPTC text field. 7 Choose “any” from the Match pop-up menu, if it’s not already chosen. The images that match the search criteria are immediately displayed in the Browser.
Searching by Adjustments You can search for and identify images based on the type of adjustment that has been applied to them. To search for images based on a specific adjustment, you use the Adjustment search options. You can also search for images that do not have a specific type of adjustment applied to them. To search for images by adjustment type: 1 In the Projects inspector, select a project or an album you want to search.
II Searching by Import Session At times, you may want to locate images that were imported at a specific time or date. Aperture keeps track of your import sessions and can identify images that were imported at the same time. To search for images based on their import session, you use the Import Session search options. You can also search for images that were not imported during a specific import session or range of sessions.
Searching by File Status You can also search for images based on whether they are managed images, referenced images, and online or offline images. To search for images by file status: 1 In the Projects inspector, select a project or an album you want to search. 2 Click the Query HUD button beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Query HUD, choose File Status from the Add Filter pop-up menu, and select the “File status” checkbox.
II To search for images by metadata other than IPTC or EXIF information, you use the Other Metadata search options. To search for images by metadata: 1 In the Projects inspector, select a project or an album you want to search. 2 Click the Query HUD button beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Query HUD, choose Other Metadata from the Add Filter pop-up menu. 4 Select the Other checkbox, choose the type of metadata to search for, and specify the search criteria.
4 Select the checkboxes beside the criteria you want to use, and specify the search criteria. To add additional search options, choose them from this pop-up menu. Select the checkboxes for the items you want to search by. Specify your search criteria. 5 Do one of the following: Â To specify that an image must match at least one of the criteria or keywords: Choose “any” from the Match pop-up menu. Â To specify that an image must match all the criteria and keywords: Choose “all” from the Match pop-up menu.
II Saving Your Search Results When you perform a search using the Query HUD, you can choose to save your results in several ways. You can create a new Smart Album that locates images that match the search criteria. You can also save the search results themselves into a new album, Light Table album, book album, MobileMe album, or web journal album. To create a Smart Album based on the search criteria: 1 Use the Query HUD to search for images based on specified criteria.
13 Grouping Images with Smart Albums 13 When you need to group certain types of images, either temporarily or permanently, you can use a Smart Album to gather the images. This chapter provides instructions for using the Aperture Smart Album feature. You can create a Smart Album and specify search criteria that identify the images you want, and Aperture automatically searches for and displays them in the new album.
An Overview of Smart Albums Unlike a standard project into which you import images, a Smart Album’s contents are controlled by the criteria you specify in the Smart Album’s Query HUD. When you change a Smart Album’s search criteria, the contents of the Smart Album change. Aperture comes with a selection of Smart Albums set up in the library for you. For example, there are Smart Albums that gather all your select images, all images taken in the last week, and all images taken in the last month.
II By instituting specific keyword schemes, you can create Smart Albums that are automatically updated with specific kinds of images.
Collecting Images in a New Smart Album You can collect images based on any of the information you can search for using the Query HUD. For example, you can create a Smart Album that gathers images based on a specific keyword or a combination of keywords, ratings, dates, or other metadata. You can narrow or broaden the Smart Album search criteria in the Query HUD at any time. To create a Smart Album that searches only within one project: 1 Select the project in the Projects inspector.
II To create a Smart Album that searches across the entire library: 1 Select Library in the Projects inspector. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > New Smart > Album (or press Command-Shift-L). Â Choose New Smart Album from the Add to Library pop-up menu in the Projects inspector. Â Choose Smart Album from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar. A new, untitled Smart Album appears in the Projects inspector. 3 Rename the Smart Album by entering the name you want.
To search within the contents of a Smart Album: 1 Show the Query HUD by clicking the Query HUD button in the Browser. 2 When the Query HUD appears, specify secondary search criteria to show specific images within the Smart Album. To see the entire contents of the Smart Album again, delete the search criteria in the Query HUD. Revising the Contents of a Smart Album To change the contents of a Smart Album, you change the search criteria for the Smart Album.
II Transferring Smart Album Images to Another Project or Album You can transfer images from a Smart Album to another project or album, including MobileMe albums, webpage albums, and book albums. You transfer images by selecting the images in the Smart Album and dragging or copying them into another project or album. To transfer images from a Smart Album to another project or album: 1 Select a project or album to hold the images, or create a new project or album.
Deleting a Smart Album You can delete a Smart Album at any time, and none of the images gathered from the library are deleted. If you’ve transferred images from a Smart Album to another album, the images in the other album are also not deleted when you delete the Smart Album. To delete a Smart Album: 1 Select the Smart Album in the Projects inspector. 2 Choose File > Delete Smart Album (or press Command-Delete).
Part III: Performing Image Adjustments III This section provides information about applying adjustments to images, working with adjustment presets, using the Color meter, and using the RAW Fine Tuning controls.
14 An Overview of Image Adjustments 14 Aperture provides adjustment controls to help you improve the appearance of your images. You can make image adjustments using the controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. This chapter provides basic information about making adjustments to images, such as correcting red-eye and adjusting exposure, levels, and white balance. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Adjustments in Aperture (p.
An Overview of Adjustments in Aperture Adjustment controls are found in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. The controls are the same in each. The Inspector pane is shown on the left side of the screen. The Inspector HUD is a floating version of the inspectors that can be placed anywhere onscreen, allowing you the most flexibility in how you use your screen workspace. You can make the following adjustments to images in Aperture.
III Showing the Adjustment Controls You can use menu commands, keyboard shortcuts, or the buttons on the right side of the toolbar to show and hide the Inspector pane containing the adjustment controls. Inspector button To show the Adjustments inspector, do one of the following: m Choose Window > Show Inspector (or press I), then click the Adjustments tab. m Click the Inspector button in the toolbar, then click the Adjustments tab.
Each adjustment contains individual properties, called parameters, for which you can specify a range of values. You click an adjustment’s disclosure triangle, or double-click the top of the adjustment, to view the parameters for the adjustment and the controls you use to change parameter values. For more information about using the adjustment controls to change parameter values, see “Using the Adjustment Controls” on page 332.
III Choosing a Histogram View for Adjustments When you show the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, a histogram of the selected image’s luminance or color channels appears. The histogram displays a graph of the brightness values in the image, from the blackest point to the whitest point. You can adjust the histogram to show luminance; red, green, and blue (RGB) channels displayed together; or separate red, green, and blue channels.
Using the Adjustment Controls Whenever an image is selected and displayed in the Viewer or in Full Screen view, you can adjust it using the adjustment controls in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. You can also adjust images in the Book Layout Editor, Webpage Editor, and Light Table.
III To change values in small increments: m Option-drag in the value field. To change values in large increments: m Shift-drag in the value field. Resetting Parameter Values You can reset all of the parameters for an adjustment to their default values. To reset all parameter values for an adjustment: m Click the Reset button to the right of the adjustment name. Reset button Turning Adjustments On and Off Use checkboxes to turn adjustments on and off.
Performing Adjustments in Full Screen View Full Screen view, which displays an image against a black background and contains only a few interface elements, provides the best onscreen work environment for performing color adjustments. It is highly recommended that you perform adjustments in Full Screen view to achieve the best results possible. For more information about Full Screen view, see Chapter 7, “Viewing Images in Full Screen View,” on page 207.
III Applying Adjustments to a Group of Images You can apply an adjustment or group of adjustments to a range of images by first applying the adjustments to one image and then lifting the adjustments from the first image and stamping them on the other images. You do this by using the Lift and Stamp tools and the Lift & Stamp HUD. To lift adjustments from one image and stamp them on a group of images: 1 Select the image that has the adjustments you want to copy.
3 Deselect the IPTC and Keywords checkboxes to prevent Aperture from copying IPTC metadata and keywords from the selected image. Deselect a checkbox to prevent Aperture from copying the item from the selected image. 4 If necessary, remove any unwanted adjustments by clicking the Adjustments disclosure triangle in the Lift & Stamp HUD, selecting the unwanted adjustments, and then pressing Delete. Select an adjustment and press Delete to remove it.
III 6 Do one of the following  In the tool strip, select the Stamp tool.  In the Lift & Stamp HUD, click the Stamp Selected Images button. Click the Stamp Selected Images button to apply the adjustments to the selected images. The adjustments copied from the first image are applied to the selected images. For more information about using the Lift & Stamp HUD, see “Applying Keywords Using the Lift & Stamp HUD” on page 262.
Creating Adjustment Presets Creating an adjustment preset is as simple as saving the adjustment parameter settings and naming them using the Preset Action pop-up menu. To create an adjustment preset: 1 Select an image with the adjustment parameter settings you want to save. 2 In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Save as Preset from the Preset Action pop-up menu for the adjustment. Choose Save as Preset from the Preset Action pop-up menu.
III Applying Adjustment Presets Applying an adjustment preset to an image is as simple as selecting the image and choosing the adjustment preset from the Preset Action pop-up menu. When you apply an adjustment preset to an image, the adjustment controls and parameter values update to reflect the settings saved in the adjustment preset. If you prefer, you can use an adjustment preset as a starting point in your image adjustment workflow, and then fine-tune the adjustment after it’s applied to the image.
Renaming Adjustment Presets You can rename an adjustment preset at any time. To rename an adjustment preset: 1 In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Manage Presets from the Preset Action pop-up menu for the adjustment. You can rename an adjustment preset, for example, when you want to fix a spelling error. 2 In the Adjustment Presets dialog, double-click the name of the adjustment preset you want to change. Double-click an adjustment preset’s name to rename it.
III Organizing Adjustment Presets Each time you create an adjustment preset, it is added to the bottom of the list of presets in the Adjustment Presets dialog and Preset Action pop-up menu. As this list grows, it can become difficult to locate a specific adjustment preset in a long list of presets. Therefore, you can rearrange the order of the presets in the Adjustment Presets dialog.
Deleting Adjustment Presets You can delete an adjustment preset at any time. Any adjustments that were previously applied using the deleted preset are unaffected. To delete an adjustment preset: 1 In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Manage Presets from the Preset Action pop-up menu for the adjustment. 2 In the dialog that appears, select the adjustment preset you want to delete, then press the Delete key. The adjustment preset is deleted.
III Identifying Color Channel Clipping When performing adjustments, it’s useful to know if you’re clipping one or more color channels and thereby losing important image details. To identify color channel clipping: m Press Command while dragging the following sliders: Â Exposure slider (Exposure controls): Shows highlight clipping. Â Recovery slider (Exposure controls): Shows highlight clipping. Â Black Point slider (Exposure controls): Shows shadow clipping.
Understanding Color Channel Clipping Overlay Colors The color of the color channel clipping overlay indicates which color channel or combination of color channels are clipped. In addition, Aperture gives you the option of choosing color or monochromatic overlays to indicate clipping. To set the color channel clipping overlay color: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Appearance.
III Adjustment Color clipping information Black Point slider (Exposure adjustment controls) Red: Indicates shadow clipping in the red color channel. Green: Indicates shadow clipping in the green color channel. Blue: Indicates shadow clipping in the blue color channel. Yellow: Indicates shadow clipping in the red and green color channels. Pink: Indicates shadow clipping in the red and blue color channels. Cyan: Indicates shadow clipping in the blue and green color channels.
Monochrome Overlay Descriptions The following table lists the monochrome overlays and the corresponding color channels that have been clipped by the adjustment slider setting. Adjustment Color clipping information Exposure slider (Exposure adjustment controls) White: Indicates highlight clipping in all color channels. 66% Gray: Indicates highlight clipping in two color channels. 33% Gray: Indicates highlight clipping in one color channel. Black: Indicates no highlight clipping in any color channel.
III Sampling Color Values The Color meter displays the color values of the pixels in the image beneath the pointer or the target area of the Loupe. To use the pointer to sample the color values in an image: m Place the pointer over the area of the image where you want to sample the color values, and view the values at the top of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD.
Choosing a Color Value Option In Aperture, you can set the Color meter to display RGB, Lab, CMYK, HSB, or HSL color values. To choose a color value option for the Color meter: m In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose a color value option from the Adjustment Action pop-up menu. Choose a color value option here.
III Choosing a Color Value Sample Size You can also set the sample size (pixel area) Aperture uses to determine color values. To choose a color value sample size for the Color meter: m In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose an appropriate color value sample size from the Adjustment Action pop-up menu. Choose a color value sample size here.
Using an External Editor If you need to perform more advanced image operations, such as compositing, you can set an external editor for use within Aperture. First you have to specify which application Aperture should use and the 16-bit file format (TIFF or PSD). You only have to do this once. Then you select an image and choose a menu command to have the image open in the application designated as the external editor.
III Working with the RAW Fine Tuning Controls You can modify how the Mac OS decodes RAW files using the adjustment controls in the RAW Fine Tuning area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. The Mac OS characterizes the RAW file format for each digital camera supported by Aperture. This calibration data usually results in the optimal decoding of the RAW image files for that camera.
Using the Boost Controls The Mac OS characterizes each digital camera’s RAW file format to determine an optimal contrast setting. The Boost controls allow you to set the strength of the contrast when the RAW file is decoded. The Hue Boost controls are used to maintain the hues in the image as the contrast is increased using the Boost controls. When the Hue Boost parameter is set to 1.00 and the Boost parameter is set to 1.
III 3 Adjust the Hue Boost parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Hue Boost slider and value slider to protect hue fidelity during the RAW decoding process. Â By default, the Hue Boost slider is set to 1.00. Drag the Hue Boost slider to the left to preserve the accuracy of the hues, and drag the Hue Boost slider back to the right to allow the hues to shift during the RAW decoding process.
To adjust the sharpening applied during the RAW decoding process: 1 Select a RAW image imported with or migrated to Aperture 2.0 or later. The version is indicated by the RAW Decode Version pop-up menu. 2 Adjust the strength of the sharpening effect by doing one of the following: Use the Sharpening slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the sharpening effect applied during the RAW decoding process.
III Using the Moire Controls Digital images often have color artifacts that appear around edges and lines because of noise created by digital image sensors. Images whose subjects have linear patterns often introduce a moire pattern that gives the subject a wrinkled or rainbow-colored appearance. In addition, cameras with image sensors employing Bayer patterns often introduce noise to monochromatic images. The Moire adjustment controls identify these patterns and correct these artifacts.
To adjust the Moire and Radius parameters: 1 Select a RAW image imported with or migrated to Aperture 2.0 or later. The version is indicated by the RAW Decode Version pop-up menu. 2 Adjust the amount of signal to apply the Moire adjustment to by doing one of the following: Use the Moire slider and value slider to adjust the amount of signal the Moire adjustment is applied to during the RAW decoding process. Â The default value for the Moire slider and value slider is 0.10.
III Turning On Automatic Noise-Compensation Adjustments Digital image sensors produce noisy images at certain settings (generally high ISO settings and long exposures). The Mac OS analyzes the noise characteristics of each camera and uses them to control parameters such as sharpness. You can turn on the automatic adjustment by selecting the Auto Noise Compensation checkbox. To turn on the automatic noise-compensation adjustment: 1 Select a RAW image imported with or migrated to Aperture 2.0 or later.
Setting the Camera Default When you’ve modified the RAW decoding settings using the controls in the RAW Fine Tuning area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, you can save these settings as the default parameter values for the camera model. All RAW image files from this camera model imported into Aperture are decoded using these saved settings. The camera model is displayed in the Camera field.
III Using the Chroma Blur Controls from Aperture 1.1 In previous versions of Aperture, the RAW Fine Tuning controls had a Chroma Blur adjustment that corrected color artifacts that appear in digital images because of noise created by digital image sensors. The Moire controls in Aperture 2 replace the Chroma Blur controls. The Chroma Blur adjustment controls slightly smear the color to correct color artifacts that often occur in images shot at high ISO speeds.
Understanding How to Read Histograms The histogram is a graph that displays relative brightness in an image, from pure black to pure white. The area under the graph represents all the pixels in the image. From left to right, the histogram describes the range of dark pixels (shadows), gray pixels (midtones), and bright pixels (highlights) in the image. The shape of the histogram graph depends on the tonality of the scene and the exposure.
III A series of peaks in the center of the histogram often indicates a balanced exposure because a majority of the pixels are concentrated within the midtones of the histogram. They’re not too dark or too bright. However, a series of peaks in the brighter side of the histogram often indicates an overexposed image because most of the pixels in the image are too bright.
Likewise, images of bright scenes, such as snow or light reflecting off the ocean, have a majority of their peaks in the brighter side of the histogram. Histograms can also depict contrast in an image. For example, this silhouette of the man in the hammock in front of the sunset consists of a relatively even assortment of extreme bright and dark tonal values with few midtones. In this case, the histogram is shaped like a valley with peaks in both the dark and bright sides.
III Using Histograms to Correct Images A histogram can also be used as a tool to evaluate whether or not there is enough shadow, midtone, and highlight information in the image. Aperture provides two histograms in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. The histogram above the adjustment controls indicates the current state of the image.
15 Making Image Adjustments 15 You use adjustment controls when you want to perfect an image. The type of adjustment control you use depends on the aspect of the image you are trying to change. This chapter provides detailed information about using adjustment controls to perfect your image. This chapter covers: Â Working with Automatic Adjustments (p. 366) Â Working with the Red Eye Correction Controls (p. 372) Â Working with the Retouch and Spot & Patch Controls (p.
Working with Automatic Adjustments Aperture comes with a set of automatic adjustment controls. These controls analyze the image and apply an adjustment to the image based on that analysis. This is a good way to make a quick correction to an image before fine-tuning the adjustment with the manual adjustment controls.
III Using the Auto Exposure Button When you want to quickly adjust the exposure of a RAW image, you can use the Auto Exposure button. Depending on the exposure Aperture sets for the image, you can always fine-tune the image’s exposure setting using the Exposure controls. For more information about manually adjusting the exposure of an image, see “Working with the Exposure Controls” on page 412.
To automatically correct the exposure of a RAW image: 1 Select an image. 2 In either the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, click the Auto Exposure button. Click the Auto Exposure button to automatically set the exposure for the image. The exposure of the image is automatically corrected. If you need to fine-tune the image’s exposure setting, see “Working with the Exposure Controls” on page 412. You can always reset the image to its original exposure.
III Using the Auto Levels Combined Button When you want to quickly adjust the levels of an image based on total luminance values—red, green, and blue channels combined—you use the Auto Levels Combined button. Red, green, and blue channels are adjusted by the same amount based on the total luminance. You use the Auto Levels Combined button when you want to correct the contrast of the image without modifying the color cast of the image.
Using the Auto Levels Separate Button When you want to automatically adjust the levels of an image based on individual evaluations of the red, green, and blue channels, you use the Auto Levels Separate button. Red, green, and blue channels are adjusted based on the evaluation of each channel. You use the Auto Levels Separate button when you want to correct the color cast in the image in addition to correcting the contrast.
III Setting the Auto Levels Options Aperture provides the option to set both the black and white clipping point parameters for the Auto Levels adjustments. Modifying the black and white clipping points from their default value of 0% expands the tonal range of the image. One reason for expanding the tonal range of an image is to preserve shadow and highlight detail when the image is printed.
To adjust the white clipping point: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click General. Use the Auto Adjust White Clip slider and value slider to add tolerance to Auto Levels adjustments when evaluating colors beyond white. Â By default, the Auto Adjust White Clip slider is set to the left side of the slider control.
III Reducing Red-Eye Using the Red Eye Tool Reducing red-eye in the eyes of the subjects in your image is as simple as targeting them with the Red Eye tool. Before Red Eye adjustment After Red Eye adjustment To remove red-eye with the Red Eye tool: 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details.
4 Click a red eye in the image to place a Red Eye target overlay on it. The Red Eye target overlay is placed over the red eye, and the red pixels within the Red Eye target overlay are desaturated. 5 Repeat step 4 until all of the red eyes in your image are corrected. Adjusting the Size of Red Eye Target Overlays Aperture fixes red-eye in your images by desaturating the red pixels within the Red Eye target overlay area. It’s a good idea to fit each Red Eye target overlay to the size of the eye it covers.
III To change the size of the Red Eye tool’s target, do one of the following: m Drag the Radius slider in the Red Eye HUD. Drag the Radius slider in the Red Eye HUD to adjust the size of the Red Eye target overlay that the tool places on an image. m If you have a mouse device with a scroll wheel, rotate the scroll wheel. The size of the Red Eye tool’s target changes. You can also change the size of any Red Eye target overlay that you’ve already placed on an image.
3 If necessary, click the Inspector button (or press I) to show the Inspector pane, or press H to show the Inspector HUD. 4 In the Red Eye Correction area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Radius parameter by doing one of the following: Drag the Radius slider to adjust the size of the selected Red Eye target overlay. Â Drag the Radius slider.
III Adjusting the Sensitivity of Red Eye Target Overlays When you select a red eye in a picture, Aperture automatically chooses the area within the target overlay circle where the desaturation is applied. In a few cases, the area chosen by Aperture might be either slightly too wide or slightly too small (typically including a few pixels in the eyelid skin, or missing a few red pixels inside the pupil).
To adjust the sensitivity of a Red Eye target overlay: 1 Click the Red Eye target overlay to select it. 2 In the Red Eye Correction area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Sensitivity parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Sensitivity slider and value slider to fine-tune the area within the Red Eye target overlay where desaturation occurs. Â Drag the Sensitivity slider.
III To turn the Red Eye target overlays on again: m Select the Red Eye tool in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or press E). The Red Eye target overlays reappear. Moving Red Eye Target Overlays Once placed, a Red Eye target overlay can always be moved. To move a Red Eye target overlay: 1 Make sure the Red Eye tool is selected, then place the Red Eye tool’s target over the Red Eye target overlay you want to move until the target changes to a hand icon.
Deleting Red Eye Target Overlays You can always delete a Red Eye target overlay. To delete a Red Eye target overlay, do one of the following: m Select a Red Eye target overlay in the image, then click the Delete button in the Red Eye Correction area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Click the Delete button to delete a Red Eye target overlay. m Command-click a Red Eye target overlay. Command-click a Red Eye target overlay to delete it.
III Working with the Retouch and Spot & Patch Controls Aperture provides two sets of controls that you can use to retouch your image: Spot & Patch and Retouch. Which Retouching Tool Should You Use? In the vast majority of cases, Retouch provides the controls that will best serve your image-repair needs. The Spot & Patch controls have been included in Aperture 2 in order to retain the integrity of images that were adjusted with earlier versions of Aperture.
Repairing Your Images You use the Repair brush when the area surrounding the blemish has elements of high contrast, such as an edge, or when you need to copy texture from the source area and maintain the color and shading in the destination area. Before Repair adjustment After Repair adjustment To retouch an image using the Repair brush: 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details.
III 4 In the Retouch HUD, do the following: Â Click the Repair button. Â Set the radius of the brush by dragging the Radius slider or entering a value in the Radius value slider. Â Set the softness of the brush by dragging the Softness slider or entering a value in the Softness value slider. Â Set the Opacity of the brush by dragging the Opacity slider or entering a value in the Opacity value slider.
Cloning Your Images You use the Clone brush to copy pixels from an area of the image with similar visual elements and paste the pixels over the area with the imperfection. No pixels are blended from the area surrounding the brush stroke. Before Clone adjustment After Clone adjustment To retouch an image using the Clone brush: 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details.
III 4 In the Retouch HUD, do the following: Â Select the Clone button. Â Set the radius of the brush by dragging the Radius slider or entering a value in the Radius value slider. Â Set the softness of the brush by dragging the Softness slider or entering a value in the Softness value slider. Â Set the Opacity of the brush by dragging the Opacity slider or entering a value in the Opacity value slider. 5 Option-click while brushing over the source area (the area where you want to copy the pixels).
Working with the Spot & Patch Controls You use the Spot & Patch tool and adjustment controls when you need to modify Spot & Patch parameter settings that were applied using previous versions of Aperture. Spotting Your Images When the area around the blemish is continuous (such as a solid color) and doesn’t contain a distinct texture, you can use the spotting method to obscure the blemish by integrating the pixels that surround it.
III To spot an image: 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details. To display an image at full size, click the Zoom Viewer button in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or press Z). 3 Select the Spot & Patch tool in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar. The pointer changes to a target, and the Spot & Patch HUD appears. 4 Click the blemish area to place the Spot & Patch target overlay on it.
Patching Your Images When you need to clone pixels from a different area of an image to fix the area where the blemish is, you use the “patching” method. Patching is similar to spotting, except that there are some additional steps. You first place a Spot & Patch overlay (yellow) over the blemish, and then you place a source target overlay (white) over the area you want to clone. The pixels in the Spot & Patch target overlay are replaced by the pixels copied from the source target overlay.
III 4 Click the blemish area to place a Spot & Patch target overlay on it. Click a blemish to place a Spot & Patch target overlay on it. A yellow target overlay is placed over the blemish, and the blemish is replaced by the pixels that surround it. This yellow target overlay is the destination target overlay. 5 Do one of the following: Option-click the area you want to clone to place a source target overlay on it.
You can adjust the angle of the cloned pixels within the destination target overlay. Adjusting the angle rotates the cloned pixels over the destination area. This is particularly useful if you’re cloning an area that has visual elements, such as a pattern or line, that are at a different angle from elements in the destination area. The angle adjustment allows you to match the angle of the pixels within the destination target overlay. You can adjust the angle of the cloned pixels.
III Using the Spot & Patch Controls When using the Spot & Patch tool to spot or patch your images, you can modify the appearance of the pixels within the target overlays using the Spot & Patch adjustment controls. You can also adjust the size of Spot & Patch target overlays. Adjusting the Size of Spot & Patch Target Overlays You can change the size of a Spot & Patch target overlay before and after it’s placed on an image.
To change the size of an existing Spot & Patch target overlay: 1 Display the image at full size (100 percent) by clicking the Zoom Viewer button in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or pressing Z). 2 Click a Spot & Patch target overlay to select it. A hand icon appears to indicate that you can select the Spot & Patch target overlay. A hand icon appears to indicate that you can select the Spot & Patch target overlay rather than place a new one.
III Adjusting the Softness Within Spot & Patch Target Overlays You can also change the “softness” of cloned pixels within Spot & Patch target overlays. Softness describes how well the area within the target overlay blends in with the surrounding image area. The Softness parameter controls the blending of pixels between the center of the Spot & Patch target overlay and the circumference. The higher the Softness parameter value, the closer to the center the pixel blending occurs.
Adjusting the Opacity Within Spot & Patch Target Overlays Another method of modifying Spot & Patch target overlays to make cloned pixels blend in better with surrounding pixels is to adjust the opacity of pixels in the target overlay. The higher the Opacity parameter value, the more the cloned pixels obscure the original pixels they cover. You can adjust the opacity of the cloned pixels.
III Adjusting the Detail Within Spot & Patch Overlays In addition to adjusting softness and opacity in Spot & Patch target overlays, you can adjust the amount of detail, such as texture or grain, that is preserved in the cloned pixels. You can adjust the amount of detail in the cloned pixels.
Viewing the Corrected Image Without Spot & Patch Target Overlays After retouching the blemishes in your image, you can view the corrected image with the Spot & Patch target overlays turned off. To view the corrected image with the Spot & Patch target overlays turned off: m Select the Selection tool in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or press A). The Spot & Patch target overlays disappear, but the effects of the Spot & Patch adjustments remain visible.
III Deleting Spot & Patch Target Overlays You can delete a Spot & Patch target overlay at any time. To delete a Spot & Patch target overlay: m Select a Spot & Patch target overlay in the image, then click the Delete button in the Spot & Patch area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Click the Delete button to delete a Spot & Patch target overlay. m Command-click the Spot & Patch target overlay. Command-click a Spot & Patch target overlay to delete it.
Working with the Devignette Controls You use the Devignette controls to correct a vignette that was applied to an image as it was shot. The term vignette describes an image whose brightness fades to its periphery from its center. Vignettes are usually caused by poor lens design, stacked filters, lens hoods, and wide-angle zoom lenses. Aperture corrects the image by increasing the brightness on the edges of the image where vignettes typically occur.
III 3 To adjust the distance Aperture goes from the edge of the image, in pixels, to apply the devignette adjustment, do one of the following: Use the Size slider and value slider to adjust the size of the area over which the devignette adjustment is applied. Â Drag the Size slider to the right to increase the number of pixels Aperture goes toward the center of the image to apply the devignette adjustment, or drag it to the left to limit the vignette to the edges of the image.
You can use two different methods to straighten your images. You can use either the Straighten tool or the Straighten adjustment controls. However, you may find it most efficient to use the Straighten tool to quickly level the image so that it’s roughly straight, and then use the Straighten controls for more precision. Rotating Images with the Straighten Tool Rotating an image with the Straighten tool is as simple as selecting the tool and dragging within the image to make it straight.
III Rotating Images with the Straighten Controls You can also straighten an image using the Straighten adjustment controls. Using these controls provides more precision. To straighten an image using the Straighten controls: 1 Select the image. 2 If the Straighten controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Straighten from the Add Adjustments pop-up menu.
Working with the Crop Controls You use the Crop tool and Crop adjustment controls when you want to improve the composition of your image by trimming the edges, or when you want to change the aspect ratio of the image. For example, you can change an image’s aspect ratio from 4 x 6 to 3 x 5. Before Crop adjustment After Crop adjustment There are two methods for cropping an image: you can either use the Crop tool to manually crop the image, or you can use the Crop adjustment controls.
III Cropping Images with the Crop Tool Cropping an image with the Crop tool is the easiest method. You simply select the Crop tool and drag a rectangle over your image to exclude the unwanted areas. The Crop HUD appears, providing additional controls for setting the aspect ratio of the image. To crop an image using the Crop tool: 1 Select an image. 2 Select the Crop tool in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or press C). The Selection tool changes to the Crop tool, and the Crop HUD appears.
After adding a Crop overlay to an image, you can always change its size and shape. To change the size and shape of a Crop overlay: m Drag a resize handle on the Crop overlay to change the size of the crop. Drag a resize handle to resize the Crop overlay. You can adjust the placement of the crop by moving the Crop overlay across the image. To adjust the placement of the crop: m Drag the Crop overlay to the appropriate position. Drag the Crop overlay to adjust its position.
III To set the aspect ratio of the Crop overlay: 1 In the Crop HUD, choose an aspect ratio from the Master Aspect Ratio pop-up menu. Choose a standard aspect ratio for the crop from the Master Aspect Ratio pop-up menu. The Crop overlay updates to match the chosen aspect ratio. The “Constrain cropping tool to” checkbox in the Crop HUD is automatically selected. 2 If you wish, click the Switch Aspect Ratio button to switch the orientation of the Crop overlay to portrait or landscape.
Displaying the Cropped Image Without the Crop Overlay When the Crop tool is selected, the whole image is shown, with the trimmed edges dimmed. You can also have Aperture display the cropped image without the trimmed edges. To display the cropped image without the trimmed edges: m Select another tool in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar, such as the Selection tool (or press A). Select the Crop tool (or press C) to make the trimmed edges visible in the Viewer again.
III 4 In the Crop area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, click the X value slider’s left or right arrow, or double-click the number and enter a new number, to set the horizontal position of the bottom-left corner of the crop. Use the Width and Height value sliders to adjust the size of the area within the crop. The X and Y value sliders control the position of the bottom-left corner of the crop on the original image.
Working with the White Balance Controls You use the White Balance adjustment controls to change the color temperature and color tint of an image. If an image has pixels that are supposed to be pure white, you can use the White Balance eyedropper to automatically adjust the color temperature and tint, or you can adjust the color temperature and tint manually. In most cases, the automatic adjustment succeeds in removing the color cast from the image.
III Adjusting White Balance in the Image with the White Balance Eyedropper When you have pixels in your image that should be pure white, you can use the White Balance eyedropper tool to automatically set the color temperature and tint of the image. All you have to do is select a portion of the image that contains neutral gray pixels with the White Balance eyedropper, and Aperture white balances the image instantaneously.
Important: Make sure that there is as little digital noise in the target area of the Loupe as possible. Digital noise can skew the white-balance calculation results, introducing a color cast that wasn’t previously there. A simple way to avoid errant pixels is to increase the magnification of the Loupe by pressing Command–Shift–Plus Sign (+). Adjusting the Color Temperature of the Image with the Temp Controls You can also adjust the color temperature of an image manually using the Temp parameter controls.
III Adjusting the Tint of the Image with the Tint Controls You can also manually adjust the tint of an image using the Tint parameter controls. You use the Tint parameter controls when you need to fine-tune the white balance adjustment by neutralizing the remaining green or magenta tint. To manually adjust the tint of your image: 1 Select an image.
Working with the Exposure Controls You use the Exposure adjustment controls to set the exposure, recovery, black point, and brightness values. Correcting Exposure in the Image If you’ve over- or underexposed an image, you can correct it by adjusting the Exposure parameter. The amount of latitude you have—the visually acceptable range of f-stops—depends on the file type and the bit depth of the image. Typically, a RAW file is capable of a slightly wider latitude than a JPEG file.
III To correct the exposure of an image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Exposure area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Exposure parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Exposure slider and value slider to correct the image’s exposure. Â Drag the Exposure slider. Â Click the left or right arrow in the Exposure value slider to change the exposure of the image by tenths of an f-stop, or drag in the value field.
To recover highlight details in the image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Exposure area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Recovery parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Recovery slider and value slider to recover highlight detail. Â Drag the Recovery slider. Â Click the left or right arrow in the Recovery value slider to change the amount of highlight detail in the image to recover by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field.
III To set the black point of the image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Exposure area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Black Point parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Black Point slider and value slider to set pure black in the image. Â Drag the Black Point slider. Â Click the left or right arrow in the Black Point value slider to change the shadow detail in the image to recover by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field.
Adjusting Brightness in the Image You can adjust the Brightness parameter when you want to lighten or darken your image. When you make a brightness adjustment, the brightness values of the midtone pixels in the image change the most. You can change the brightness of the image temporarily to see how the adjustment affects details in the shadows, midtones, and highlights. For more precise control over the range of tonality in the image, consider using the Levels adjustment controls.
III Working with the Enhance Controls You use the Enhance adjustment controls to set the contrast, definition, saturation, and vibrancy, as well as the black, gray, and white tint values. Adjusting Contrast in the Image If you want to adjust the difference between the dark and bright areas of the image, you can modify the Contrast parameter.
To adjust the contrast in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Contrast parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Contrast slider and value slider to modify the contrast between light and dark colors in the image. Â Drag the Contrast slider. Â Click the left or right arrow in the Contrast value slider to change the contrast of the image by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field.
III Adjusting Definition in the Image When you want to add a little clarity and definition to an image without adding too much contrast, you use the Definition parameter controls. The Definition parameter is useful for adding local contrast (adding contrast to areas of the image that are improved by a contrast adjustment without affecting the image’s global contrast), as well as reducing haze. Before Definition adjustment After Definition adjustment To adjust definition in an image: 1 Select an image.
Adjusting Saturation in the Image You can change the value for the Saturation parameter to either give your image an extra burst of color or tone down the color palette by desaturating the image. After Saturation adjustment Before Saturation adjustment To change the saturation of an image: 1 Select an image.
III A Little Saturation Goes a Long Way Increasing the saturation of an image can make the colors appear more pure, and many people like the effect of an image whose colors are more saturated than they would appear naturally. However, you can easily oversaturate an image. In the process of making the colors more pure, subtleties in shades of colors disappear, often resulting in reduced detail in the image.
To adjust vibrancy in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Vibrancy parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Vibrancy slider and value slider to add smart saturation to the image. Â Drag the Vibrancy slider. Â Click the left or right arrow in the Vibrancy value slider to change the saturation of the image by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field.
III There are two methods for selectively adjusting the tint values in an image: you can either use the Black Tint, Gray Tint, and White Tint eyedroppers to have Aperture automatically adjust the tint to neutral color values, or you can use the Black Tint, Gray Tint, and White Tint color wheels to manually adjust the tint values. The method you choose is determined by the level of precision you require.
To set the tint of the shadows in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 If necessary, click the Tint disclosure triangle in the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to reveal the Tint color wheels, then select the Black Tint eyedropper. Click the disclosure triangle to reveal the Tint color wheels. Select the Black Tint eyedropper to activate the Loupe. The pointer changes to the Loupe, showing a magnified view of the target area.
III Correcting the Tint of the Midtones with the Gray Tint Eyedropper You use the Gray Tint eyedropper to remove color casts from the midtones in your images. Before Gray Tint adjustment After Gray Tint adjustment To set the tint of the midtone values in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 If necessary, click the Tint disclosure triangle in the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to reveal the Tint color wheels, then select the Gray Tint eyedropper.
3 Position the target area of the Loupe over a midrange color that is as close as possible to medium gray, then click. The tint (hue and saturation) of the gray values in the image is set to remove the color cast in the midtones. Correcting the Tint of the Highlights with the White Tint Eyedropper You use the White Tint eyedropper to remove color casts from the highlights in your images.
III To set the tint of the highlight values in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 If necessary, click the Tint disclosure triangle in the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to reveal the Tint color wheels, then select the White Tint eyedropper. Click the disclosure triangle to reveal the Tint color wheels. Select the White Tint eyedropper to activate the Loupe. The pointer changes to the Loupe, showing a magnified view of the target area.
Manually Setting the Tint of the Shadows, Midtones, and Highlights in an Image You can also manually adjust the tint of the shadow, midtone, and highlight values in the image using the Black Tint, Gray Tint, and White Tint color wheels. To manually adjust the tint of the shadow, midtone, and highlight values in an image: 1 Select an image.
III Working with the Levels Controls You use the Levels adjustment controls when you want to manually set the tonal values of the shadows, midtones, and highlights in an image. By default, Aperture sets 0 as pure black and 1 as pure white. Constraining the white and black point values evenly redistributes the tonal range of the pixels between black and white. Reapportioning the luminance values increases the tonal range and contrast in the image.
To adjust levels in an image based on luminance: 1 Select an image. 2 Show the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. 3 By default, the Levels histogram is off. Turn it on by selecting the Levels checkbox. White Levels slider Black Levels slider The Levels histogram appears. 4 Choose Luminance from the Channel pop-up menu. 5 Do one of the following: Drag the Black Levels and White Levels sliders to where they touch the outside of the histogram graph.
III You can also use the Gray Levels slider if you need to adjust the brightness values of the midtones while limiting the brightening effect in the black and white points. The brighter areas of shadows and darker areas of highlights are affected, but the effect tapers off as it nears the dark blacks and bright whites.
Showing Quarter-Tone Levels Controls When you need additional control over tonal values between the midtones and shadows as well as the midtones and highlights, you use the Quarter-Tone controls. For example, if you need to add contrast to the midtone values independently of the black and white point settings, you use the Quarter-Tone Levels sliders.
III Selectively Adjusting the Brightness of an Image with the Shadow Brightness Levels and Highlight Brightness Levels Sliders You can selectively adjust the brightness of the shadows and highlights in the image using the Shadow Brightness Levels and Highlight Brightness Levels sliders.
Adjusting the Levels of the Red Color Channel You adjust the levels of the red color channel when you want to remove red and cyan color casts in the image. Before Red Levels adjustment After Red Levels adjustment (moved Gray Levels slider right) Red adjustments Effect Move Black Levels slider right Adds cyan to the shadows, removing red. Move Gray Levels slider left Adds red to the midtones, removing cyan. Move Gray Levels slider right Adds cyan to the midtones, removing red.
III Green adjustments Effect Move Gray Levels slider right Adds magenta to the midtones, removing green. Move White Levels slider left Adds green to the highlights, removing magenta. Adjusting the Levels of the Blue Color Channel You adjust the levels of the blue color channel when you want to remove blue and yellow color casts in the image.
Adjusting Brightness Values in the Highlight Areas of the Image When you want to adjust the brightness values in the highlight areas of the image without affecting the midtones and shadows, you can adjust the Highlights parameter. Although the human eye is more sensitive to details in shadow areas than in highlight areas, such as snow, there is usually a fair amount of visual information that you can retrieve in the highlights using the Highlights parameter controls.
III To adjust the highlights in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Highlights & Shadows area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Highlights parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Highlights slider and value slider to adjust the brightness values in the image’s highlights. Â By default, the Highlights slider is set to the left side of the slider control.
To adjust the shadows in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Highlights & Shadows area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Shadows parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Shadows slider and value slider to adjust the brightness values in the image’s shadows. Â By default, the Shadows slider is set to the left side of the slider control.
III Adjusting the Radius of the Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the Radius parameter controls to adjust the area around each pixel that Aperture uses to assess the tonal area that each pixel inhabits. The larger the radius value is, the larger the area used to determine each pixel’s tonality.
Adjusting the Color Correction for the Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the Color Correction parameter controls to adjust the amount of saturation applied during shadows and highlights adjustments. However, the saturation adjustment is most noticeable in the shadows.
III Adjusting the High Tonal Width of the Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the High Tonal Width parameter controls to set the range of highlights that Aperture adjusts with the Highlights controls. Increasing the High Tonal Width parameter value widens the range of highlight tonal values that are adjusted toward the midtones. If you want to limit the highlights adjustment to a range of highlight values that are closer to white, you decrease the High Tonal Width parameter value.
To adjust the high tonal width of the Highlights & Shadows controls: 1 If necessary, click the Advanced disclosure triangle to show the advanced Highlights & Shadows controls. Use the High Tonal Width slider and value slider to adjust the range of highlight tonal values affected by a highlights adjustment.
III Adjusting the Midtone Contrast of the Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the Mid Contrast parameter controls to adjust the contrast of the midtones. To adjust the midtone contrast of the Highlights & Shadows controls: 1 If necessary, click the Advanced disclosure triangle to show the advanced Highlights & Shadows controls. Use the Mid Contrast slider and value slider to adjust the contrast of the midtone values in the image.
To adjust the low tonal width of the Highlights & Shadows controls: 1 If necessary, click the Advanced disclosure triangle to show the advanced Highlights & Shadows controls. Use the Low Tonal Width slider and value slider to adjust the range of shadow tonal values affected by a shadows adjustment.
III Working with the Color Controls You use the Color controls to selectively adjust the red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow colors in an image using the Color controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Each color has individual Hue, Saturation, and Luminance controls.
About Hue, Saturation, and Luminance Hue (H) describes the actual color itself. Hue is measured as an angle on a color wheel. Moving a Hue slider in Aperture remaps the color from its original position on the color wheel to the new position indicated by the slider. Hue adjustments are often made to match the color of the same subject in different images. Adjusting the hue of an image is particularly useful when the subject you shot moved between various lighting conditions.
III Adjusting the Color of the Image with the Color Controls When you want to adjust the color values in an image, you must first identify the colors that have the most influence on the colors you want to change. It’s important to understand that you’re adjusting the colors of the image within the RGB spectrum; therefore, you reduce yellow when you increase blue, you reduce magenta when you increase green, and so on.
Note: You can also click the Expanded View button to expand the Color area to show the controls for all colors at the same time. Click the Expanded View button to view the controls for all colors at the same time. 3 If necessary, adjust the Hue parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Hue slider and value slider to remap the hue of the selected color. Â By default, the Hue slider is set to the center of the slider control.
III The right arrow remaps the hue in the following ways: Â Red hue moves toward yellow. Â Yellow hue moves toward green. Â Green hue moves toward cyan. Â Cyan hue moves toward blue. Â Blue hue moves toward magenta. Â Magenta hue moves toward red. Â By default, the Hue value slider is set to 0.0. Double-click the number in the value slider, then enter a value from –180.0 to 180.0 and press Return.
6 The Range parameter limits or expands the chromatic range of the adjustment. Adjust the Range parameter by doing one of the following: Use the Range slider and value slider to adjust the chromatic range of the color adjustment. Â By default, the Range slider is set to the center of the slider control. Drag the slider to the left to decrease the range of the selected color, and drag it to the right to increase the range of the selected color.
III Adjusting Custom Colors Using the Color Eyedropper If you require a more specific hue as a starting point for your color adjustment, you can use the Color eyedropper to identify a hue in the image. To adjust a custom color value in an image: 1 Select an image. 2 In the Color area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, click the color button with the hue closest to the one you plan to adjust, then click the Color eyedropper.
Working with the Monochrome Mixer Controls You use the Monochrome Mixer adjustment controls when you want more control over converting your image from color to black and white than simply desaturating it gives you. The Monochrome Mixer allows you to adjust tonal relationships and contrast in an image by adjusting the red, green, and blue channels independently. The effects of a monochrome adjustment are similar to attaching a color filter to a camera lens and shooting black-and-white film.
III To convert a color image to black and white using a Monochrome Mixer preset: 1 Select an image. 2 If the Monochrome Mixer controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Monochrome Mixer from the Add Adjustments pop-up menu (or press Control-M). 3 Choose a Monochrome Mixer preset from the Preset pop-up menu. The image updates to reflect the effect of the preset you chose.
Using the Monochrome Mixer Controls You use the Monochrome Mixer’s Red, Green, and Blue parameter controls when a Monochrome Mixer preset does not produce the effect you were looking for or needs to be fine-tuned to suit your image. The key to the successful use of the Monochrome Mixer is to experiment with changing values for the Red, Green, and Blue parameters until you are satisfied with the effect on the image.
III Working with the Color Monochrome Controls The Color Monochrome adjustment controls are useful when you want to perform a basic conversion from color to black and white while simultaneously applying a color tint to the image’s midtones. Before Color Monochrome adjustment After Color Monochrome adjustment (applied blue tint) To convert a color image to black and white with a color tint: 1 Select an image.
Working with the Sepia Tone Controls The Sepia Tone adjustment controls behave similarly to the Color Monochrome controls, except that the sepia color is already selected. Before Sepia Tone adjustment After Sepia Tone adjustment To apply a sepia tone to an image: 1 Select an image. 2 If the Sepia Tone controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Sepia Tone from the Add Adjustments pop-up menu.
III Working with the Noise Reduction Controls You use the Noise Reduction adjustment controls when you need to reduce digital noise in an image. Digital noise is often caused by shooting at high ISO settings in low-light conditions. When you reduce noise in an image, you often have to sharpen the image to prevent blurry edges or loss of detail. For more information about sharpening an image, see “Working with the Edge Sharpen Controls” on page 459.
 Click the left or right arrow in the Radius value slider to adjust the noise reduction by 2 percent increments, or drag in the value field. The left arrow decreases noise reduction in the image, and the right arrow increases it.  Double-click the number in the Radius value slider, then enter a value from 0.10 to 4.00 and press Return. A value of 0.10 applies no digital noise adjustment to the image. A value greater than 0.10 reduces digital noise in the image.
III Working with the Edge Sharpen Controls You use the Edge Sharpen controls when you want to sharpen the detail in your image. The Edge Sharpen controls adjust the luminance values in the image, increasing the contrast between light and dark pixels that touch, creating an “edge.” Increasing the contrast between these neighboring light and dark pixels gives the image a crisper, or sharper, appearance.
To sharpen an image using the Edge Sharpen controls: 1 Select an image. 2 If the Edge Sharpen controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Edge Sharpen from the Add Adjustments pop-up menu (or press Control-S). 3 Sharpen the image by doing one of the following: Use the Intensity slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the sharpening adjustment.
III 5 For maximum accuracy, the Edge Sharpen adjustment sharpens the image in three passes that appear to occur simultaneously—an initial sharpening pass, where a majority of the sharpening occurs, followed by two subsequent sharpening passes. These subsequent passes are called falloff. Adjust the amount of sharpening applied in the subsequent sharpening passes by doing one of the following: Use the Falloff slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the subsequent sharpening passes.
Understanding the Edge Sharpen Workflow The Edge Sharpen adjustment in Aperture is a professional tool that’s used to sharpen photos. Using the Edge Sharpen adjustment controls in conjunction with the following workflow makes it easy to achieve professional results. To sharpen an image: 1 In the Edge Sharpen area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, set the Intensity slider to the maximum value to see the effect of the operation.
III Â Click the left or right arrow in the Intensity value slider to adjust the sharpening by 2 percent increments, or drag in the value field. The left arrow decreases the sharpening effect on the image, and the right arrow increases it. Â Double-click the number in the Intensity value slider, then enter a value from 0.00 to 2.00 and press Return. A value of 0.00 applies no sharpening adjustment to the image. A value greater than 0.00 increases the sharpening adjustment to the image.
Applying an Exposure Vignette You use the Exposure vignette when you want to apply the effect of a traditional lens-created vignette. Before Exposure Vignette adjustment After Exposure Vignette adjustment To apply an Exposure vignette to an image: 1 Select an image. 2 If the Vignette controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Vignette from the Add Adjustments pop-up menu. 3 Choose Exposure from the Type pop-up menu.
III 5 To adjust the distance Aperture goes from the edge of the image, in pixels, to apply the vignette adjustment, do one of the following: Use the Size slider and value slider to adjust the size of the area over which the vignette adjustment is applied. Â Drag the Size slider to the right to increase the number of pixels Aperture goes toward the center of the image to apply the vignette adjustment, or drag it to the left to limit the vignette to the edges of the image.
4 Adjust the amount of vignette to apply to the image by doing one of the following: Use the Amount slider and value slider to adjust the amount of brightness removed from the edges of the image. Â Drag the Amount slider to the left to decrease the amount of dark shading applied to the edges of the image, or drag it to the right to increase the dark shading.
III Switching Vignette Types You can switch the type of vignette that’s applied to an image and maintain the Amount and Size parameter values you set using the previous vignette type. To switch vignette types: m Select the other kind of vignette from the Type pop-up menu. The other type of vignette is applied to the image, but the Amount and Size parameters maintain their settings.
Part IV: Distribution and Backup IV This section describes methods of printing, exporting, and publishing your images for viewing. It also provides information about setting up and maintaining your backup systems.
16 Printing Your Images 16 Aperture makes it easy to print high-resolution images. You can print single images, contact sheets, webpages, and books. You can also print images selected in the Light Table. This chapter provides information about several methods for printing your images, including creating PDF files that you can easily transfer to clients for review. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Printing (p. 472) Â Controls in the Print Dialog (p. 474) Â Printing a Single Image (p.
An Overview of Printing Aperture allows you to print your photos as high-resolution single images and multi-image contact sheets. You can also print books and Light Table arrangements created in Aperture. Aperture offers a variety of printing options, including using a standard or custom paper size and assigning a specific ColorSync profile. The easiest way to print images is to use one of the Aperture print presets.
IV Printing Tips Here are a few suggestions to help you with the printing process: Â Use the highest-resolution image possible: It’s preferable to work with images imported directly from your camera. However, even images imported directly from your camera or card reader can be low-resolution, low-quality images. This is why it’s important to shoot with the highest-resolution settings available on your camera. Compression settings applied during image capture may be apparent when you print.
Controls in the Print Dialog Whether you’re printing a single high-resolution print, a series of contact sheets, or your latest travelogue book, you use the Print dialog to print your work. To open the Print dialog: m Select an image in the Browser, then choose File > Print Image (or press Command-P).
IV Copies & Pages  Copies field: Enter the number of copies of the image to print.  Pages buttons and fields: Print the entire selection of images or a reduced set. Printer Selection  Printer field: Displays the printer that will print the images.  Printer Settings button: Click this button to choose a printer and adjust its settings.
Layout Options  Scale To pop-up menu: When you select a single-image preset, you can use this pop-up menu to choose whether to fit your image to the selected paper size, print a specific image size, or print a custom image size. Fit Entire Image scales the image to be as large as possible for the paper size without cropping the image. Fill Page makes the image fit the entire page, cropping the image if necessary. Custom allows you to specify the image dimensions you’d like.
IV If Aperture Does Not Recognize Your Printer If your printer does not appear in the Printer pop-up menu when you click the Printer Settings button, visit your printer manufacturer’s website and download the latest drivers. Printing a Single Image When you want to print a single image on a single sheet of paper, you use a single-image preset. To print a single image: 1 In the Browser, select an image. 2 Choose File > Print Image (or press Command-P).
Printing a Contact Sheet or Series of Contact Sheets You can print contact sheets of your images, and Aperture does all the layout work for you. All you have to do is select the number of pages or columns; Aperture adjusts the size of the images based on your Layout Options settings. To print contact sheets: 1 In the Browser, select the images you want to print. 2 Choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P).
IV Printing a Book You can print a book to check the final format and look of it before having it printed by a professional printer, ordering a printed copy online, or distributing copies to others. To print a book: 1 Select a book album in the Projects inspector. The book appears in the Book Layout Editor. 2 Choose File > Print Book (or press Command-Option-P). 3 In the Print dialog, specify the following settings: Â Select a book preset in the Preset Name list.
Printing a Light Table Arrangement You can print an arrangement of images in the Light Table. To print a Light Table arrangement: 1 Select a Light Table album in the Projects inspector. The Light Table appears above the Browser. 2 Do one of the following: Â To print selected images: Select the images you want to print in the Light Table. Â To print the entire Light Table arrangement: Deselect all images in the Light Table by clicking the background.
IV Modifying an Existing Print Preset Any existing print preset can be changed, either temporarily or permanently. If you change a preset’s settings without saving it, the preset will revert to its original settings after the print job is processed. If you save the modified settings, the preset will retain the setting changes. To modify an existing print preset: 1 Choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P). The Print dialog appears. 2 Select a print preset, then modify it as appropriate.
Locking Print Presets If you worry that you may inadvertently modify your print presets, you can lock them. To lock or unlock a print preset: m In the Print dialog, select the preset, then choose Lock or Unlock from the Print Preset Action pop-up menu at the bottom-left side of the dialog. When a preset is locked, a lock icon appears to the right of the preset name. Deleting a Print Preset You can delete a print preset that you no longer use.
IV Calibrating Your Printer Using the Aperture Print dialog, you can print a calibration page on your printer to verify that the margins are set correctly. If the margins are not set correctly, printing your image off-center, you can use the Calibrate button to adjust the placement of the image on the page. To print a calibration page: 1 Make sure your printer is connected to your computer and turned on. 2 Choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P). The Print dialog appears.
Turning Off Color Management in Your Printer For best results, you should turn off color management in your printer when printing an image using Aperture. By default, most printers are set to convert the image to the printer’s color space. However, Aperture is designed to perform this conversion internally. Each printer manufacturer creates its own Print dialog.
IV To turn off color management in a Canon i9100 printer: 1 In Aperture, choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P). The Print dialog appears. 2 Click the Printer Settings button. 3 In the dialog that appears, choose Color Options from the third pop-up menu from the top of the dialog, and choose None from the Color Correction pop-up menu. 4 Make sure the other printer settings are correct, then click Done.
To turn off color management in an HP Photosmart 8700 series printer: 1 In Aperture, choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P). The Print dialog appears. 2 Click the Printer Settings button. 3 In the dialog that appears, choose Paper Type/Quality from the third pop-up menu from the top of the dialog, click the Paper button, then choose Application Managed Color from the Color pop-up menu. 4 Make sure the other printer settings are correct, then click Done.
17 Exporting Your Images 17 After you’ve finished working on your images, you can use Aperture to export them as files. You can export these files to another application, send them to a printing service or to your clients via email, or publish them on the web. This chapter provides information about exporting your images in several formats, including JPEG, TIFF, PNG, and PSD file formats.
Before exporting your images to another application, a printing service, a client, or a website, you need to know what file types the receiver can use. You should also check with the receiver about other important information, including file size limitations, required image dimensions, and naming conventions. The key to successful file transfer is anticipating—and avoiding—anything that can prevent the receiver from opening your files. Aperture allows you to perform multiple export operations concurrently.
IV Exporting Copies of Masters When you export masters, duplicates of the files that were imported from your camera or other source are created; no adjustments, file modifications, or any other changes are exported with the file. To export copies of masters: 1 Select an image or images in the Browser. 2 Choose File > Export > Masters (or press Command-Shift-S). 3 Navigate to the location where you want the exported files placed. Choose a location for the exported files.
6 By default, IPTC metadata is not exported with the masters. To export the masters with IPTC metadata, do one of the following: Â To write IPTC metadata into the master: Choose “Include IPTC” from the Metadata pop-up menu. Â To create an XMP sidecar file that contains the image’s IPTC metadata: Choose “Create IPTC4XMP sidecar file” from the Metadata pop-up menu. 7 If you would like to be notified when the export process is complete, select the “Show alert when finished” checkbox.
IV Â Â Â Â Current Month Current Day Project Name / (slash) You can specify a combination of name elements to create the custom folder names you want. You can also create a hierarchy of folders within folders. For example, you can specify that Aperture place your images in a subfolder named Date, and within that folder you can create subfolders identified by the time the image was taken.
When using a counter in your folder name format, you can specify the starting number and the number of digits, from one to eleven digits, that appear in the counter. When you use a folder name format with a counter, make sure to reset the initial starting number, if necessary. Otherwise, on the next export Aperture will continue numbering the folders containing the exported images starting from the last number of the previous export.
IV 4 Choose an export preset from the Export Preset pop-up menu. 5 Do one of the following: Â Choose None from the Subfolder Format pop-up menu to specify that the files be stored as separate individual files in the selected folder. Â To specify that Aperture create a hierarchy of subfolders with specific folder names to hold your files, choose a folder name preset from the Subfolder Format pop-up menu.
To specify the dpi setting for exported images in an export preset: 1 Select the image or images you want to export. 2 Choose File > Export > Versions (or press Command-Shift-E). 3 Navigate to the location where you want the exported images placed. 4 Choose Edit from the Export Preset pop-up menu. Enter a dpi setting for exported images here. The Export Presets dialog appears. 5 Select an export preset, then enter the dpi setting you want. 6 Specify additional settings as necessary, then click OK.
IV To export images constrained to a specific size: 1 Select the image or images you want to export. 2 Choose File > Export > Versions (or press Command-Shift-E). 3 Navigate to the location where you want the exported images placed. 4 Choose Edit from the Export Preset pop-up menu. Choose a Size To option and enter the corresponding values here. The Export Presets dialog appears. 5 Select an export preset.
Renaming Images at Export When you export selects from a large group of images, the exported files often have nonsequential names. You can rename your images at export, giving them more meaningful names. For example, suppose you want to export images LA 031, LA 441, LA 686, and LA 894 from image group LA 001 to LA 1061. You can use the Custom Name with Index name format to rename your images LA 1, LA 2, and so on. To rename images at export: 1 Select the image or images you want to export.
IV To create a new name format: 1 Select an image in the Browser. 2 Choose File > Export > Version (or press Command-Shift-E). 3 Choose Edit from the Name Format pop-up menu. The Naming Presets dialog appears. 4 In the Name list, select an existing name format on which to base the new name format, then click the Add (+) button. Select an existing name format in this list. Click the Add button. A copy of the selected name format is created. 5 Rename the new name format.
6 Add or remove name elements by dragging the elements where you want them and, when appropriate, entering relevant naming information in the fields provided. You can also enter characters directly in the Format field. The name format example automatically updates as you change the name elements. Name elements appear here. Remove a name element by selecting it and pressing Delete. Add name elements by dragging them to the Format field.
IV To modify a name format to remove spaces: 1 Choose Aperture > Presets > File Naming. 2 In the Naming Presets dialog, select the preset name format you want to modify. Select the space between name elements and delete it. Select the name format you want to modify. 3 In the Format field, select and delete the spaces or characters between the name elements. If you wish, you can also add spaces or characters between name elements. 4 Click OK.
Adjusting Images at Export You can also apply final adjustments to images at export by choosing ColorSync profiles, setting gamma adjustment, and applying black point compensation. Because these adjustments are applied at export, your Aperture image versions and masters are not changed. Only exported files receive image adjustments applied with an export preset.
IV 5 Select an export preset and specify any adjustment options you want. 6 Click OK. 7 Choose a name format from the Name Format pop-up menu. 8 Click Export Versions. Your files are exported with the adjustments you specified. Adding a Watermark at Export A watermark is a visible graphic overlay that is applied to an image. Photographers often use watermarks to indicate that images are protected by a copyright and discourage others from inappropriately using their images.
Tips for Creating High-Quality Watermarks Use the following guidelines to create high-quality watermarks for your images: Â Save your watermark as a .psd (Photoshop) file with a transparent background. Â Create multiple sizes of your watermark so that you can select the one that is the best match for the output size of the exported image. Note: If a watermark file is larger than the image you want to export, Aperture automatically scales the watermark down to fit the image.
IV Exporting Metadata Listed in a Separate File You can select images and export the metadata assigned to them in a tab-delimited text file. The text file lists the version names, ratings, keywords, and other metadata assigned to the images. To export image metadata in a text file: 1 Select the images whose metadata you want to export. 2 Choose File > Export > Metadata. 3 Select the location where you want the file stored, then click Export Metadata.
To specify an email application and email export preset for Aperture to use: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Export. 2 In the Export pane of the Preferences window, choose the email application you want from the “Email images using” pop-up menu. 3 To specify an export preset for Aperture to use when preparing images for email transfer, choose the preset you want from the Email Export Preset pop-up menu.
IV Working with Export Presets Export presets are groups of saved export settings that help you quickly and easily export your images. Aperture comes with numerous export presets, and you can also create your own. Controls in the Export Presets Dialog Before using an export preset, whether it’s one that comes with Aperture or one that you created, you can view its settings to make sure they are exactly what you want.
 Size To pop-up menu: Export your images at their original size, or specify image dimensions or a percentage of the image’s original size.  DPI: Specify dots per inch (dpi), the resolution at which the images will be reproduced.  Gamma Adjust slider: Gamma describes how your image distributes brightness. Drag the slider to apply a uniform gamma adjustment to your exported images.
IV To create a new export preset: 1 Choose Aperture > Presets > Image Export. The Export Presets dialog appears. Select a preset on which to base your new preset. Click the Add button to add a new preset. 2 Select an export preset on which to base your new preset, then click the Add (+) button. A new preset appears highlighted in the Export Preset Name list. 3 Enter a new name for the preset. 4 Change the export settings as required, then click OK.
Deleting an Export Preset You can delete an export preset when you no longer need it. To delete an export preset in the Export Presets dialog: 1 Select the preset, then click the Delete (–) button. Click the Delete button to delete the selected preset. The preset disappears from the preset list. 2 Click OK. The preset is permanently deleted. Note: If you click the Delete button and then click Cancel, the preset will reappear the next time you open the Export Presets dialog.
18 Creating Slideshow Presentations 18 With Aperture, you can easily create and present slideshows of your images. You can use slideshows to review images with clients, present a series of final select images, or present your images to audiences complete with background music. This chapter explains how to create and play slideshows. You also learn how to specify the slideshow settings that determine how your images appear onscreen. This chapter covers: Â An Overview of Slideshows (p.
An Overview of Slideshows Aperture makes it easy to create slideshows to present your images. You can select a project in the Projects inspector or any number of images in the Browser and immediately display the images in a slideshow on your computer screen. You can determine the number of images that appear onscreen at one time, set the timing of the display, add music, and more.
IV You can also create your own custom presets. For example, to prepare for a presentation, you could create two new slideshow presets: one for your presentation and the other for your question and answer period. The presentation slideshow can show one image at a time and be manually controlled, so you can move through the images at your own pace.
Creating a Slideshow You can easily set up your slideshow by selecting the images you want and then choosing a slideshow preset. To create and play a slideshow: 1 Select a set of images by doing one of the following: Â Select a project or album in the Projects inspector. Â Select individual images or image stacks in the Browser. 2 Choose File > Slideshow (or press Shift-S). The Run Slideshow dialog appears.
IV Saving Slideshows You can save a slideshow’s images by creating an album and then placing the image versions for your slideshow in it. You can also apply a keyword such as Slideshow (or any other unique identifying keyword) to images and then create a Smart Album that automatically groups the images. Controlling a Slideshow Once you start playing a slideshow, you can use keyboard shortcuts to control the slideshow. To pause the slideshow: m Press the Space bar.
Controls in the Slideshow Presets Dialog The Slideshow Presets dialog contains options for creating and modifying existing slideshow presets. In it, you can choose how many images to display at a time, how those images are arranged, and how long each image is displayed in your slideshow. You can also choose to play slideshows on one or two displays, with custom background colors and music. To open the Slideshow Preset dialog, do one of the following: m Choose Aperture > Presets > Slideshow.
IV Â “Loop slideshow” checkbox: Select this checkbox to loop, or continuously play, your slideshow. If you select this option, you must stop your slideshow manually by pressing Esc. Â Quality buttons: Select a button to specify either Best or Good image quality. Selecting Best displays full-size images. Select Good for faster display. Â “Play slideshow on main display only” checkbox: If you use a dual-display system and want your slideshow to play only on your main display, select this checkbox.
Creating Slideshow Presets It’s easiest to create a new slideshow preset by duplicating an existing preset and modifying it. First, identify which existing preset you want to model your new preset on. After duplicating the preset and renaming the duplicate, you can easily customize your new slideshow preset’s settings. To create a new slideshow preset: 1 Choose Aperture > Presets > Slideshow. The Slideshow Presets dialog appears. 2 Select a preset in the Presets list on which to model your new preset.
IV Modifying Slideshow Presets You can modify slideshow presets to create custom slideshows for any presentation. To modify an existing preset: 1 Choose Aperture > Presets > Slideshow. The Slideshow Presets dialog appears. 2 Select the preset you want to modify in the Presets list. 3 Modify the slideshow preset’s settings as appropriate. 4 When you’ve finished modifying the slideshow preset, click OK.
Creating a Growing Grid of Images Most slideshow presets are set to replace one image with another. You can create a slideshow that successively adds images to your screen in a grid pattern. To display images in a grid: 1 Select a set of images to be displayed in your slideshow. 2 Choose File > Slideshow (or press Shift-S). The Run Slideshow dialog appears. 3 Choose Edit from the Slideshow Preset pop-up menu. The Slideshow Presets dialog appears.
IV Playing Your Slideshow on Your Main Display Only Your slideshow automatically plays according to your default display setup. If you use a dual-display system but want to view a slideshow only on your main display, you can easily make that change in the Slideshow Presets dialog. To play your slideshow only on your main display: 1 Select a set of images to be displayed in your slideshow. 2 Choose File > Slideshow (or press Shift-S). The Run Slideshow dialog appears.
Displaying Your Images to Music Adding music to your slideshow can increase your audience’s enthusiasm and participation. You can easily add music from your iTunes music library to accompany your slideshow. To add music to your slideshow presentation: 1 Select a set of images to be displayed in your slideshow. 2 Choose File > Slideshow (or press Shift-S). The Run Slideshow dialog appears. 3 Choose Edit from the Slideshow Preset pop-up menu. The Slideshow Presets dialog appears.
IV 8 If you want the image display time to be adjusted so that your slideshow is the same duration as the song, choose “Fit to music” from the Timing pop-up menu. Aperture adjusts the amount of time each image is displayed to fit the duration of the selected song. 9 If you are satisfied with your music selection, click OK. The Run Slideshow dialog appears. 10 Click Start to begin playing the slideshow presentation.
19 Using the Light Table 19 The Light Table provides a large, open space where you can freely resize, group, and rearrange images. This chapter provides instructions for using the Light Table. You can place a selection of images in the Light Table for review and drag them to new positions, group them in different combinations, and resize them as needed. You can also easily arrange related images together to compare them, as you might during color correction.
An Overview of the Light Table The Light Table is used to arrange and view images. You can work with images in the Light Table just as you would work with slides on a physical light table. You can place a selection of images in the Light Table for review and drag them to new positions, arranging, grouping, and resizing them in different combinations to see how they might look on webpages or book pages.
IV Creating a Light Table Album To view images in the Light Table, you first create a Light Table album. You can create a new, empty album and drag or import images into it, or you can select images in a project and create a Light Table album to hold them. To create a new, empty Light Table album: 1 In the Projects inspector, select Library or the project where you want the new Light Table album to appear. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > New > Light Table.
3 Enter a new name for the Light Table album. If necessary, you can drag additional images from the Browser to the Light Table album in the Projects inspector. Placing and Viewing Images in the Light Table After adding images to the Light Table album, you can select the ones you want to work with and place them in the Light Table for viewing. To add images to the Light Table: m Select a Light Table album in the Projects inspector, then drag images from the Browser to the Light Table. ...
IV If you have many images in a Light Table album, it may be difficult to remember which images you haven’t yet placed in the Light Table. You can set the Browser to show only those images that haven’t been placed in the Light Table. To see only images in the Browser that remain unplaced: m Click the Show Unplaced Images button. Show All Images button Show Unplaced Images button To see the entire contents of the Light Table album in the Browser: m Click the Show All Images button.
To change an image’s size: 1 Select the image in the Light Table. 2 Position the pointer over the image, then drag a resize handle to change the image’s size. Move the pointer over the image to show resize handles, then drag to change the image’s size. To reset an image to its previous size: m Control-click the image, then choose Reset Selected Size from the shortcut menu.
IV To manually align images: 1 In the Light Table, select the images you want to align, making sure that the image or group of images you want to align with remain unselected. 2 Drag the selected image or group of images. As you drag the selected image or group of images, yellow guidelines appear as a visual cue to help you align the selected images with the unselected ones. When you quit dragging, the yellow guidelines disappear.
To reveal images in the Light Table that are covered by other images: 1 Select the top image in the group. The top image is selected. 2 Click the Uncover button (or press Shift-X). Click the Uncover button to reveal all images under the selected image. 3 Select an uncovered image. The images are regrouped, with the selected image on top.
IV Adjusting the Light Table View You can adjust the Light Table view to better view and work with images. This is particularly useful when the Light Table is larger than your screen size. You can also increase the area of the Light Table. To zoom in to or out of the Light Table: m Drag the Light Table Zoom slider to change the view. Scale to Fit All Items button Drag the Light Table Zoom slider to zoom in or out. To fit the Light Table to your screen size: m Click the Scale to Fit All Items button.
Setting View Options for the Light Table You can set the view options for the Light Table to display badge and metadata overlays, such as ratings, on your images. To change the display of image information in the Light Table: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Metadata. 2 In the Metadata pane of the Preferences window, select the “Show badges and ratings” checkbox to display badge and metadata overlays on images in the Light Table.
IV Printing a Light Table Arrangement After arranging your images, you can print the image arrangement for further review. To print a Light Table arrangement: 1 Select the images in the Light Table that you want to print by dragging a selection rectangle around them. If no images are selected, the entire Light Table is printed. Drag a selection rectangle around the images you want to print. 2 Choose File > Print Light Table (or press Command-Option-P).
Deleting a Light Table Album You can quickly delete an entire Light Table album. If you’ve transferred images from the Light Table album to other projects or albums, the images in the other projects and albums remain unchanged, even though the Light Table versions are gone. To delete a Light Table album: 1 Select the Light Table album in the Projects inspector. 2 Choose File > Delete Light Table (or press Command-Delete).
20 Creating Webpages 20 In Aperture, you can easily create webpages of your images that you can post to your MobileMe account homepage or to your own website. Then clients can conveniently review your work via the Internet. This chapter provides instructions for creating and posting webpages of your images. Using the built-in Aperture webpage themes, or designs, you can create webpages that show your images in eye-catching settings.
An Overview of Creating Webpages Web delivery is convenient when time won’t allow office visits or delivery of prints to clients. Photographers around the world currently benefit from web distribution of their works, providing clients with online access to galleries of their best images. Building a web portfolio for prospective clients can extend the reach of your photography business and reputation globally.
IV Web Journals Web journal pages allow you to mix images and text manually on the page. Web journals are ideal for projects in which you show photos with narrative to support them. When working with web journals, you manually add pages, images, and text to your web journal. You can choose a theme to apply to all your pages, and you can change the layout of images and text on your web journal pages. To create a webpage or web journal, you create a webpage or web journal album.
After you’ve laid out your webpages or web journal pages in the Webpage Editor, you can export them to your MobileMe account or save them as HTML pages that you can post to your webpage server. Once the images are posted online, you can give clients the Internet address of the pages, and clients can view them remotely. Web Galleries Using your MobileMe account, you can use Aperture to easily publish albums on the web. You simply select the images that you want to publish and then create a MobileMe album.
IV The new album contains the selected images. The Webpage Editor appears with the selected images. The new album you created appears in the Projects inspector. You can also create an empty webpage album and then drag images into the album. To create a new, empty webpage album: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > New > Web Page. Â Choose New Empty Web Page from the Add to Library pop-up menu in the Projects inspector. Â Choose Web Page from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar.
Creating Smart Webpage Albums You can use the Aperture Smart Album feature to gather images from the library or from projects and place them automatically in webpages. Smart Albums gather images based on search criteria that you specify. For example, you can create a Smart Webpage Album that gathers your select images from across the entire Aperture library. Then each time you rate an image Select, Aperture automatically adds it to your Smart Webpage Album and to a webpage.
IV Webpage Controls in the Webpage Editor The following controls are available for revising webpages and images. Metadata View pop-up Columns value slider Rows value slider Site Theme button “Fit images within” pop-up menu Height value slider Width value slider This shows how your images will appear on the webpage.
 Publish to MobileMe button: Click this button to publish your finalized webpages to your MobileMe account. For more information, see “Exporting to MobileMe” on page 552.  Previous Page button: Click this button to go to the previous webpage.  Next Page button: Click this button to go to the next webpage. Making Adjustments to Images in a Webpage or Web Journal You can’t select and use the Crop, Straighten, Spot & Patch, and Red Eye tools in the tool strip when using the Webpage Editor.
IV To create a new, empty web journal album: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > New > Web Journal. Â Choose New Empty Web Journal from the Add to Library pop-up menu in the Projects inspector. A new, untitled web journal album appears in the Projects inspector. 2 Rename the album. 3 Drag the images you want into the new web journal album. To make changes to the webpages, you use the controls in the Webpage Editor. For more information, see “Web Journal Controls in the Webpage Editor,” next.
 Page Action pop-up menu: Choose how to add pages to your web journal.  Metadata View pop-up menu: Choose the type of metadata that is included with each image in the webpage.  Add Text Box button: Click this button to add a text box to the bottom of the current webpage.  Columns value slider: Specify the number of columns you want on a page. Click the arrows to increase or decrease the number of columns, or double-click in the number field and enter a new value.
IV To view a particular webpage, do one of the following: m Use the scroll bar in the Gallery Pages pane (for a webpage) or the Journal Pages pane (for a web journal) to locate the page, then click the page. m Click the Previous Page or Next Page button to display a different page. When someone clicks an image on a webpage or web journal page in your website, a page showing an enlarged view of the image appears. You can view these enlarged images in the Webpage Editor.
To choose a theme for your webpage or web journal: 1 Click the Site Theme button at the top-left corner of the Webpage Editor. 2 Select the theme you want to use, then click Choose. Changing the Number of Images on Webpages After you’ve chosen a theme, you can modify how many images appear on each page. Columns value slider Left and right arrows Note: When a web journal is open in the Webpage Editor, only the Columns value slider is available.
IV Resizing the Images on Webpages You can increase or decrease the size of images on your pages. To change the size of images on the page: 1 From the “Fit images within” pop-up menu, choose whether you want the images to be spaced according to their longest edge or both edges. 2 To increase or decrease the image size, double-click in the number field of the Height and Width value sliders and enter new numbers, or click the left or right arrows.
Changing Copyright Information Webpages and web journals also appear with copyright information on the page. You can select the copyright text on the page and change it. You can also specify the copyright information you want for all your pages in the Preferences window. To change the copyright information that appears in webpages or web journals: 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, or press Command-Comma (,), then click Export. 2 Type the text you want in the Web Copyright field.
IV Working with Web Journal Pages As you work with a web journal, you can add images and text to pages, add pages, choose header types, delete pages, and change the page order. Adding, Arranging, and Deleting Images and Text on Web Journal Pages When you create a web journal, you must manually place your images and add text. To add images to a web journal page: m Drag images from the Browser to the page in the Webpage Editor.
To remove a text box from a web journal page: 1 Click the text box to select it. 2 Click the Remove button (with a minus sign) to remove the selected text box. Adding Pages to a Web Journal You can add pages to your web journal as you need them. To add a page to a web journal: 1 Select a page in the Journal Pages pane where you want the new page to appear. The new page will appear after the selected page. 2 Click the Add Page (+) button to add a new page.
IV Choosing a Header Style for a Web Journal Page Depending on the theme you choose, you can change the look of web journal pages by choosing a style that displays either a heading followed by text, or a heading followed by an image. To choose the header style for a web journal page: 1 Select a page in the Journal Pages pane. 2 Choose either Header with Text or Header with Image from the Page Template pop-up menu. Note: The theme applied to the web journal must support images in the header.
Exporting to MobileMe The easiest way to transfer files to the Internet is to have Aperture automatically copy the files to your MobileMe account. With a few clicks, you can have Aperture open your MobileMe account, transfer the files with links intact, and create the Internet addresses that others need to use to access the pages. To learn more about creating and setting up a MobileMe account, go to http://www.me.com.
IV To link your webpage or web journal to your MobileMe homepage: 1 Go to http://www.me.com, then click the HomePage link at the top of the screen. 2 If you haven’t already done so, log in. 3 If you don’t have a menu page, create one. 4 In the Pages list, select the menu page, then click Edit. The page category is listed to the right of the selection. 5 In the “Edit your page” section, click the Add (+) button next to an existing link to add a new one.
Exporting Webpages as HTML Files Integrating your Aperture webpages into your business’s website requires you to thoroughly understand your website structure and web server. With some planning, you can modify your home or access pages to provide links to your Aperture webpages. You can also open your webpages in a standard HTML editor and make the changes required for them to work in your site. You can add and revise the HTML code that creates the page structure.
IV 6 If you would like to be notified when the export process is complete, select the “Show alert when finished” checkbox. 7 When you’re ready to export your webpages, click Export. The images you selected are exported to the location you specified. Note: If you would like to check on the progress of an export operation, choose Window > Show Activity. The Activity window displays the progress of each export operation. You can also use this window to pause and cancel an export operation.
The Web Export Presets dialog includes these controls: Â Image Format pop-up menu: Choose an image format to convert your images to, such as JPEG or PNG, from this pop-up menu. Â Include Metadata checkbox: Select this checkbox to include EXIF and IPTC metadata information in the image files. Â Image Quality slider: Choose how much to compress your JPEG files by dragging the slider to a number.
IV Creating Web Export Presets If none of the existing web export presets suit your needs, you can create your own. An easy way to create a new export preset is to copy an existing preset and then modify the copy. To create a new web export preset: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose Aperture > Presets > Web Export. Â In the Webpage Editor, click the Export Web Pages button, then choose Edit from the Thumbnail Image Preset or Detail Image Preset pop-up menu. The Web Export Presets dialog appears.
Modifying Web Export Presets After examining a selected preset’s settings, you may want to change something about the preset. To modify a selected preset, you can simply change the necessary settings and click OK. The next time you export using that preset, Aperture remembers your modified settings and exports your web images accordingly. When you modify an existing preset, you lose its original settings. To change a web export preset: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose Aperture > Presets > Web Export.
IV Adding Watermarks to Webpage Images You can add a graphics file to your images as a watermark to discourage others from using your images without your permission. Watermarks are especially useful when applied to images posted on the web. To create a preset that adds a watermark to your exported web images: 1 Choose Aperture > Presets > Web Export. 2 In the Web Export Presets dialog, select the web export preset you want to modify, or click the Add (+) button to create a new preset.
Tips for Creating High-Quality Watermarks Use the following guidelines to create high-quality watermarks for your images: Â Save your watermark as a .psd (Photoshop) file with a transparent background. Â Create multiple sizes of your watermark so that you can select the one that is the best match for the output size of the exported image. Note: If a watermark file is larger than the image you wish to export, Aperture automatically scales the watermark down to fit the image.
IV Setting MobileMe Preferences Aperture uses the information recorded in the MobileMe pane of System Preferences to access and publish images to your MobileMe account. To set up your MobileMe preferences: 1 Choose Apple > System Preferences, or click the System Preferences icon in the Dock. 2 Click the MobileMe icon in the Internet & Network area of the System Preferences window. 3 Click the Account button, if necessary, and enter your member name in the MobileMe Member Name field.
4 Type a short synopsis detailing information about the images in the album in the Album Description field. 5 Choose the access restrictions you want for your visitors: Â To specify who can view this album in your MobileMe account: Choose Everyone or “Only me” from the “Album Viewable by” pop-up menu. You can also add user names to this menu to allow specific people access to the album.
IV Aperture creates a new album and uploads the images to a MobileMe gallery in your MobileMe account. Web gallery album Web Gallery pop-up menu Images published in the web gallery You can now use Safari to see the published MobileMe album. To view the published MobileMe album, do one of the following: m Choose Visit from the MobileMe Gallery pop-up menu. m Open Safari and go to the MobileMe website at: www.me.com. Log in using your member name and password.
The MobileMe pane of the Preferences window provides access to your MobileMe gallery controls and options. You can schedule updates with the “Check for new photos” pop-up menu. Enter a title for your MobileMe gallery in the Gallery Title field. A list of the MobileMe albums that you’ve published to your MobileMe account appears in the “Albums you published as” area.
IV To update and review your global MobileMe gallery settings: m Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click MobileMe. To update and review an individual MobileMe gallery album’s settings: m Choose Settings from the MobileMe Gallery pop-up menu in the tool strip of the Viewer. To schedule the frequency of updates to your MobileMe account: m Choose the frequency you want from the “Check for new photos” pop-up menu.
21 Creating Books 21 With Aperture, you can easily create books of your images that you can print using Apple’s print vendor, your own print vendor, or your own printer. This chapter provides instructions for using the selection of book designs and page layouts included in Aperture to create impressive books of your images. You can order printed books using Apple’s print vendor service which provides excellent printed results and direct delivery to you or your clients.
An Overview of Creating Books Aperture provides options for creating a print book to suit a variety of needs. When you select or create a book album in the Projects inspector, the Book Layout Editor appears along with the Browser. You use the Book Layout Editor to set up the page structure of your book and place images and text on the pages. Use this button to choose a theme for your book. Use these controls to change your view of the pages, zooming in or out.
IV The Pages pane on the left shows thumbnails of your book pages. You can scroll through the thumbnails and click one to select a page of your book to work on. A larger view of the selected page appears on the right. Selected page A larger view of the selected page appears here. Select the page you want to work on here. Selected book album Books are based on a theme, or design, and master page layouts that present your images in a standardized way.
When you choose a theme, the Book Layout Editor provides a professionally designed set of master pages that determine how you mix text and images on the page. For example, you can choose among master pages that create a cover page, pages of text in columns of various sizes, pages of images in different arrangements, and pages with different combinations of images and text. You’ll find master pages provide a fast and convenient method for quickly laying out a book.
IV You can apply a master page design to any selected page to define where your text and images appear. Pages appear with gray photo boxes to hold images and text boxes to hold text. To add images, you drag them into the photo boxes from the Browser. To add text, you select a text box and type or paste text into it. If you wish, you can also place metadata boxes next to images to display an image’s version name, caption, keywords, and other metadata.
To change the design of a page, click the Edit Layout button. You can then work with the photo boxes and text boxes that appear on the page, resizing and rearranging them. The Book Layout Editor automatically displays yellow guidelines that show you how the item you’re working with aligns with other items already on the page. Edit Layout button Drag photo boxes to different positions. To add text and images to your pages without changing the page layout, click the Edit Content button.
IV Click the Edit Layout button and then click the Add Text Box, Add Metadata Box, or Add Photo Box button to add a new box to the page. When a box appears, you can resize and reposition it. Add Metadata Box button Add Photo Box button Add Text Box button The Book Layout Editor also allows you to create covers, indexes, and blank pages, use automatic page numbers, and create or modify master page designs. When your book is complete, you can purchase printed copies from the Apple print vendor for a fee.
For relatively simple books, here are some of the typical steps in the publishing process: 1 Gather your initial selection of images in the Light Table and arrange them to tell the story you want. 2 Roughly plan the arrangement of images on each page. 3 If you’ll be adding text to your images, you may want to write, edit, and spell-check your text using a word processor. You can then easily cut and paste the text into your book later. 4 Choose a cover image and decide what text should appear on the cover.
IV Creating a Book Album You can create a book album two ways: Â Select the images you want in the book and then create a new album holding the selection. Â Create a new book album and then drag the images you want into it. To create a book album from a selection of images: 1 Select the images you want to use in the book, then do one of the following: Â In the toolbar, click the New button, and then choose New Book. Â Choose File > New > Book.
Controls in the Book Layout Editor The Book Layout Editor is where you design the layout of pages in your book and add images and text to pages. The Book Layout Editor is where you design your book. The following controls are available for working with books in the Book Layout Editor.
IV Â Pages pane: Click here to see an individual page in the book. Â Add Pages pop-up menu: Choose an option from this pop-up menu to add a page or pages to the book. Â Delete Pages button: Click this button to delete the selected page or pages from your book. Â Set Master Page pop-up menu: Choose the master page you want to apply to a selected page.
 Bring Forward button: Click this button to move a selected box forward in the stacking order of overlapping text or image boxes. Scale To Fit button Display Size slider Actual Size button  Scale To Fit button: Click this button to scale the display of your pages to fit the Book Layout Editor size.  Actual Size button: Click this button to view the selected page at its actual size.  Display Size slider: Drag this slider to increase or decrease the size of the page in the Book Layout Editor.
IV Choosing a Theme You choose a theme for your book when you create your book album. A theme provides a professionally designed set of master pages that determine how you place text and images on the page. It’s a good idea to explore the page styles and looks of Aperture themes. Some theme designs lend themselves better to presenting many pictures without much text, others to more traditional mixes of text and images, such as you might find in coffee table books.
Viewing Pages As you work on a book, you can select and view particular pages, and you can change your view of the pages. You can display your pages laid out singly or side by side, and you can enlarge or reduce your view of book pages. Navigating to Book Pages You can navigate to pages in your book by scrolling, pressing the arrow keys, or clicking the Previous Page and Next Page buttons.
IV Displaying Single Pages or Spreads You can set the Book Layout Editor to display your pages singly or side by side. For example, you can display the pages side by side to see how images work in two-page spreads. Show Single Pages button Show Full Spreads button To display pages singly or side by side: m Click the Show Single Pages or Show Full Spreads button. Note: Printing single- or double-sided pages is a function of your printer and the options available in the printer’s Print dialog.
Placing Images in a Book You can place images manually on your pages, or have Aperture automatically fill your pages with the images in a book album. Placing Images Manually You can place images in a book manually by dragging them in one at a time. To add images to the book manually: m Drag an image from the Browser to a photo box on the page.
IV To inspect selected images in detail, you can also quickly display them in a standard Viewer. When the Book Layout Editor is open, the Browser provides a button for quickly switching to a standard Viewer. Show Viewer button To display a selection of images in a book album in a standard Viewer: 1 Select the images in the Browser. 2 Click the Show Viewer button. To return to the Book Layout Editor, click the Show Viewer button again.
Flowing Unplaced Images When you create a structure of pages to hold your images, you can have Aperture flow in unplaced images. If more pages are required to hold your images than your book currently has, Aperture creates more pages. If you’ve already placed some images on pages in the book, Aperture flows in images beginning with the first empty photo box. To have Aperture place unplaced images: m Choose Autoflow Unplaced Images from the Book Action pop-up menu.
IV Adding Individual Pages to a Book As you create a book, you can create new pages one by one and add them to your book. To add a single page to your book: 1 Select a page in the Pages pane where the new page should appear. The new page will appear just after the selected page. 2 Choose Add New Page from the Add Pages pop-up menu. The new page appears in the Pages pane. 3 With the page selected in the Pages pane, choose a master page from the Set Master Page pop-up menu.
Automatically Creating New Pages You can have Aperture automatically add pages to your book containing unplaced images in the book album. Aperture creates the number of pages needed to hold the remaining unplaced images. Book Action pop-up menu Add Pages pop-up menu Delete Pages button Set Master Page pop-up menu To automatically place the unplaced images in pages added to your book: 1 Arrange the images in the Browser in the order in which you want them to appear in the book.
IV To add a selection of images to new pages in your book: 1 Select the images you want in the Browser. 2 Select a page in the Pages pane where the new pages should appear. The new pages will appear just after the selected page. 3 Choose Add New Pages > With Selected Images from the Add Pages pop-up menu. The selected images are added to your book. Adding New Pages Based on a Master Page You can add pages that are based on a specific master page to your book.
To add pages based on a master page and have Aperture fill them with a selection of images: 1 To show master pages, choose Show Master Pages from the Book Action pop-up menu. 2 Select a master page in the Master Pages pane. 3 Select the images you want in the Browser. 4 Select a page in the Pages pane where the new pages should appear. The new pages will appear just after the selected page. 5 Choose Add New Pages From Master > With Selected Images from the Add Pages pop-up menu.
IV To add a metadata index to your book. m Choose Create Index from the Book Action pop-up menu. Aperture adds index pages to the end of your book and updates the index with the metadata information from your images. You can change the metadata that appears in the index by selecting metadata boxes and changing the metadata format using the Set Metadata Format pop-up menu. Set Metadata Format pop-up menu Working with Pages As you work with your book pages, you can make a variety of design and text changes.
Creating a Cover for Your Book When you create a new book album, Aperture automatically creates a front cover page for your book. You can select the page and add a title, cover image or design, and other text or images that you like. You can also choose between a softcover or hardcover design. Softcover designs have a white background, but when you select a hardcover design and purchase printed copies of the book from Apple’s print vendor, you can choose from a selection of hardcover colors.
IV To select a hardcover or softcover design for your book: m Click the Large Hardcover or Large Softcover button. If you don’t plan to purchase printed books from the Apple print vendor, you may want to employ a graphic designer to create the front and back cover for you, or design the cover yourself using a graphics application. Choosing a Master Page Layout You select a design for your page by applying a master page layout.
Removing Pages from a Book You can remove pages from a book. Removing pages removes the contents of the page, and remaining pages simply reflow to fill the deletion. You cannot remove the cover page of a book. To remove pages from your book: 1 Select the page or pages you want to remove in the Pages pane. You can Shift-click pages to select multiple pages. 2 Click the Delete Page button (or press the Delete key), then confirm that you want to delete the page or pages.
IV To turn off page numbering: m Choose Page Numbers > Off from the Book Action pop-up menu. Rebuilding a Book If you’ve made modifications to the design of a book and you want to start over with an unmodified design, you can have Aperture rebuild your book. Aperture rebuilds the book structure using the default series of master page designs and adds your images to the revised pages. You lose any changes that you previously made to your pages.
Changing How an Image Fills a Photo Box Aperture is preset to scale images to fill a photo box. You can change the position of an image within a photo box, making it appear centered or aligned on the right or left edge. To change how an image fills a box: 1 Click the Edit Layout button, if it’s not already selected. 2 Select the photo box you want to change. 3 Choose Photo Box Alignment from the Book Action pop-up menu, then choose an alignment option from the submenu.
IV Changing the Aspect Ratio for a Photo Box Pages hold photo boxes with specific sizes and aspect ratios. You can select a box and change the aspect ratio to fit the image. For example, you can change a box with a landscape orientation to one with a portrait orientation.
Copying, Pasting, Cutting, and Removing Images from Photo Boxes After you place images in photo boxes on your pages, you can select a box or group of boxes and copy and paste the contents, or cut or remove the images from boxes. To copy and paste the contents of selected boxes: 1 Click the Edit Content button, if it’s not already selected. 2 Select the photo box or boxes whose contents you want to copy. 3 Choose Edit > Copy Content.
IV Stacking Photo Boxes in a Specific Order As you arrange boxes on the page, perhaps overlapping them to create a certain look, you may want to change their stacking order. For example, you might want to place three images on top of one another in a specific order. To change the stacking order of boxes, you select a box and then click the Bring Forward or Send Backward button.
To apply a filter to a photo box: 1 Select the photo box that contains the image you want to change. 2 Choose the filter style you want from the Set Photo Filter pop-up menu. Note: When you apply a filter to an image in a book and then examine the image with the Loupe, the image appears without the filter effect. The filter is applied only to the image in the book, not to the image source. The Loupe displays the image source.
IV Adding Text Boxes to a Page When you want to add text to a page and need another text box, you can add one and position it where you want. To add a text box to a page: 1 In the Pages pane, select the page to which you want to add text. 2 Click the Edit Layout button. Click the Edit Layout button to add or move a text box on the page. 3 Click the Add Text Box button. Add Text Box button A new text box appears on the page. 4 Drag the new text box to the location you want.
4 Click the Add Metadata Box button. Add Metadata Box button A new metadata box appears on the page. 5 Drag the new metadata box to the location you want. You can resize a metadata box by dragging its resize handles. 6 Choose the type of metadata you want displayed in the box from the Metadata Format pop-up menu. Set Metadata Format pop-up menu You can unlink a metadata box from its selected image and relink it when necessary.
IV Choosing a Text Style You can assign text styles to text and metadata boxes to change the look of your text. Aperture master pages come with preset text styles that include designs for important text elements such as cover text, subtitles, headings, and paragraph text. You can easily apply these styles to text and metadata boxes as you work. To change the text style of a text or metadata box: 1 Select the text or metadata box you want to change.
Arranging Text on the Page You can resize and reposition text and metadata boxes on the page. You must first select the Edit Layout button to enable changing the page format. When you click boxes to select them, the boxes show handles that you can drag to resize the boxes. You can also drag the contents of a box to move the box to a new position. To arrange text on the page: 1 Click the Edit Layout button, if it’s not already selected. 2 Select the page you want to work on in the Pages pane.
IV Working with the Layout Options Inspector You can select an item on a page and view its geometry using the Layout Options inspector. Some printers require precise layout dimensions; you can use the Layout Options inspector to accurately place all items on the page by entering new dimensions in the value sliders. In addition, you can change the angle of text and photo boxes, as well as apply a color border to a photo box.
Working with Master Pages Master pages supply the initial design of your pages. As you create pages, you apply master page designs repeatedly throughout a book. If you plan to make reusable book albums, you can customize the page designs of a selected theme before creating your books. You can select a master page and modify it, changing the photo, text, and metadata boxes that appear on the page. You can also create new master pages to suit specific layout needs.
IV Viewing Master Pages To view and work on the master pages for a theme, you must show the master pages in the Master Pages pane. To show master pages: m Choose Show Master Pages from the Book Action pop-up menu. The Master Pages pane appears above the Pages pane, showing thumbnails of the master pages for the selected theme. You can select master pages in the Master Pages pane to display and work on them. You can drag the border between the Master Pages pane and the Pages pane to resize the panel display.
To create a new master page design from a page in your book: 1 In the Pages pane, select a page in your book whose modifications you want to save as a master page. 2 Choose Save Page > As New Document Master from the Book Action pop-up menu. 3 Choose Show Master Pages from the Book Action pop-up menu, if necessary, to show the Master Pages pane. 4 Select the new master page in the Master Pages pane and rename it.
IV To update a page with a changed master page design: 1 In the Pages pane, select the page whose master page design you want to update. 2 Choose Reapply Master from the Book Action pop-up menu. Aperture applies the current master page design to the selected page. Working with Custom Themes If you need a book with dimensions different from those of the Small, Medium, and Large format books, you can create a custom theme with the precise dimensions you require.
Sharing Custom Themes You can share your custom themes with other Aperture systems. By default, Aperture saves custom themes in the following location in the Finder: /Users/username/Library/Application Support/Aperture2/Book Themes/ To share custom themes with another Aperture system: m Copy the themes you wish to share from the Book Themes folder on the first Aperture system to the same location on the other Aperture system.
IV Printing Books After you’ve created your book, you can purchase printed and bound copies from Apple’s print vendor. You can also print your book using your own printer or create PDF files that you can send to clients or your own print vendor. Click here to print your book on your printer or create a PDF file. Click here to purchase a printed book using your MobileMe account. If you plan to hand off your files to a print vendor, you can save your book either as a PDF file or a PostScript document.
22 Backing Up Your Images 22 To safeguard your photography portfolio, it’s important to establish a reliable backup system and back up regularly. This chapter provides instructions for using the Aperture backup system to back up the entire Aperture library on a regular basis. Aperture clearly indicates how up to date your most recent backup is, and you can update your backups immediately whenever you wish.
An Overview of the Backup Workflow Making backup copies of the library affords you the reassurance that should an unforeseen incident cause the loss of your files, you can easily restore them from your backup vaults later. If you back up the library regularly and store backups offsite, you run little risk of losing your work. When you back up your images, Aperture makes a complete copy of the library in its current state.
IV As you add to your photo library, Aperture automatically tracks which files have been backed up to each vault. When there are image files in the library that are not backed up in a vault, the Vault Status button appears red. When your vault is up to date, the Vault Status button for the vault appears black. When you have made image modifications (such as image adjustment, metadata, or keyword changes) that have not been backed up in a vault yet, the button appears yellow.
This system backs up the Aperture library to two vaults stored on external hard disks. You routinely back up the library on one external hard disk. You use the second hard disk as a backup that you keep offsite. You can then alternately back up the library on your onsite external hard disk and swap it with the offsite hard disk to keep all your vaults updated. To set up your Aperture backup system, you’ll need to do the following: 1 Determine the number of vaults you need.
IV Controls in the Vault Pane There are several controls that you’ll use when you update vaults. Disclosure triangle Vault Status button Vault Action pop-up menu Update All Vaults button Vault Pane button  Disclosure triangle: Click this to see the hard disk that is assigned to a vault.  Vault Status button: Click this button to update a vault. The color of the Vault Status button indicates the state of the vault:  Black: The vault is up to date.
Creating Vaults Before you can back up your files, you must create a vault and assign a hard disk to it. After you assign a disk to the vault, Aperture uses the vault to back up the entire library. You can create additional vaults and assign hard disks to them, and each additional vault also records a complete backup of the library. To create a new vault: 1 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > Vault > Add Vault. Â Choose Add Vault from the Vault Action pop-up menu.
IV Updating Vaults You can have Aperture update your vaults at any time. You can tell which vaults need to be updated by the color of the Vault Status button next to each vault. You can have Aperture update a particular vault or all of your vaults at once. After you import new images into Aperture, you should make an immediate backup to ensure the digital files exist in more than one place. You can make an immediate backup of your imported images by updating an existing vault.
Disconnecting a Vault’s Hard Drive from Your System Temporarily You may routinely disconnect a backup hard disk drive from your Aperture system and take it to a safe offsite location. When you disconnect a backup hard drive from your computer, Aperture takes the associated vault offline. When you reconnect the hard drive again, Aperture automatically detects the hard disk and connects it to the corresponding vault.
IV Deleting a Vault Permanently You can delete an entire vault and all the images on it when you need to reconfigure your backup system. This is useful when you have moved your backup vault to a larger-capacity hard disk and you want to delete the vault information from the current hard disk drive to use it for other purposes. To permanently remove a vault and delete its information: 1 In the Vault pane, select the vault you want to remove. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > Vault > Remove Vault.
To export a project from Aperture: 1 Select the project you want to export in the Projects inspector. 2 Do one of the following: Â Choose File > Export > Project. Â Choose Export Project from the Project Action pop-up menu in the Projects inspector. 3 Type a name for the exported project in the Save As field. 4 Choose a location to save the project from the Where pop-up menu.
IV Restoring Your Aperture System If you buy a new computer or use another system at a different location and want access to the Aperture library, you can install Aperture and then transfer the library from your vault (on your backup disk) to the other computer. If you experience equipment failure or other unexpected events, such as fire or weather-related damage to your equipment, you can easily restore the entire library to your new computer from a backup disk.
Part V: Appendixes and Glossary V This section describes the procedures for setting up and color calibrating your Aperture system, and provides a glossary of photography and color management terms.
Setting Up an Aperture System A Appendix A Setting up the hardware for your system can be as simple as connecting your camera or card reader to your computer. You can also set up a system that uses external hard disks and color-calibrated displays. This appendix provides instructions for setting up your computer system to use Aperture.
Setting Up a Basic System The following are basic instructions for connecting a digital camera or card reader to your computer. Computer Camera Card reader A basic Aperture system consists of the following equipment:  A computer and display  A digital camera or card reader (because of their speed, FireWire card readers are strongly recommended)  A cable to connect your camera or card reader to your computer (typically a USB 2.
V To connect a camera or card reader to your computer: m Connect your camera or card reader to your computer using the USB or FireWire cable that came with your camera or card reader. USB 2.0 FireWire 400 (6-pin) FireWire 400 (4-pin) To ensure proper setup, see the documentation that came with your camera or card reader.
FireWire drives provide many advantages: Â All FireWire drives can be daisy-chained, meaning that you can connect multiple drives using a single FireWire port. Â FireWire drives are a good way to attach additional hard disk storage space to a portable computer. Â FireWire drives are “hot-swappable,” meaning that you can connect and disconnect them from a computer without having to shut down first. Important: You should never physically disconnect a FireWire drive before unmounting it from the desktop.
V Setting Up Your System with Two Displays Using more than one display gives you additional screen space to view and adjust images, play slideshows, and present your full-size, full-color images.
Note: You may also need to purchase an adapter to connect the display cable to the graphics card on your computer. ADC to DVI adapter Macintosh computers come with two possible display ports: Apple Display Connector (ADC) ports to connect ADC displays, and Digital Visual Interface (DVI) ports to connect digital displays that have DVI connectors (such as a flat-panel Apple Cinema Display).
V The following illustration shows one possible scenario for connecting two displays to a computer. Power Mac G5 Apple Cinema Display £ ADC to DVI adapter ADC display port Power outlet £ DVI display port d USB ports H FireWire 400 port AC plug Power adapter DC plug Power outlet AC plug Power adapter Second Apple Cinema Display DC plug H FireWire connector (not used) 3 Turn on the displays (if necessary) and start up your computer. You’ll now want to adjust your displays for proper viewing.
To exit mirroring mode: 1 Choose Apple (K) menu > System Preferences. 2 Click Displays, then click Arrangement. Note: If the Arrangement button does not appear, click the Detect Displays button. If the Arrangement button still does not appear, make sure the second display is properly connected to your computer. For more information, see “Setting Up Your System with Two Displays” on page 629. 3 Deselect the Mirror Displays checkbox.
V 4 Drag the white rectangle to move the menu bar to the display on the left. Drag the menu bar to the display on the left. The display screens temporarily refresh to accommodate the new arrangement. The contents of the screen may be rearranged to accommodate the new position of the menu bar. To ensure proper color management from the time you download your images until the time you print them or send them to a professional lab, it is essential that you color calibrate your displays.
Calibrating Your Aperture System B Appendix B The accuracy of your display and printer’s ColorSync profile is critical to ensuring accurate color reproduction. Aperture is a powerful digital image adjustment application, but its power is limited to the accuracy of the devices that display and print your images. This appendix provides information about color calibrating cameras, displays, and printers.
What Is a Device’s Gamut? The range of colors an individual color device is capable of reproducing is known as its gamut. Because of the differences in gamuts between devices, such as a displays and printers, these devices are incapable of exactly reproducing the same range of colors. In fact, two displays of the same model made by the same manufacturer have distinct gamuts. Types of ink and paper stock can also affect a printer’s gamut.
V What Is a Color Space? When compared to the full spectrum of light, the gamut of a display or printer is relatively narrow. Because of the small gamuts of the devices, mathematical models are used to simulate the full spectrum of light within the gamuts of the devices. These models are known as color spaces. Color spaces in which the interpretation of a color is not dependent on a specific device are known as device independent.
What Is a Device Profile? ColorSync and other color management systems use device profiles to identify and transfer color data from one device-dependent color space, such as a camera, to another device-dependent color space, such as a printer. Device profiles contain data about the unique color characteristics of a device. A device’s profile includes information about its gamut, color space, colorants, and modes of operation.
V Calibrating Your Camera Creating an accurate profile for your digital camera is not easy. Unless you’re using your camera in a strictly controlled lighting situation, such as a studio, the variable lighting conditions from one scene to another make profiling a digital camera difficult. This leaves you with three options: shoot RAW files, painstakingly profile the camera with the best profiling package you can afford, or use a generic profile, such as sRGB.
Calibrating and Profiling Your Display To color calibrate your display, you must use a third-party color management system. Calibrating and profiling your display with a color management system is fairly easy. Today, color management systems do most of the work for you. Color calibration systems often come with an optical device that you place over the screen to read the display’s output. To calibrate and profile your display: 1 Install the software that came with your color management system.
V To calibrate and profile your second display: 1 Drag the application to the second display, then attach the optical device. Apple Cinema Display Apple Cinema Display Drag the color calibration window to the second display. 2 Follow the previous calibration steps. Now your second display is calibrated. Important: Your display’s profile is a snapshot of the device’s behavior. If the behavior of the display changes, the profile is no longer valid.
Calibrating and Profiling Your Printer Calibrating and profiling your printer is similar to calibrating and profiling your display. The color management system comes with color charts specifically designed to help the calibration system create a profile for your printer. To calibrate and profile your printer: 1 If you haven’t already done so, install the software that came with your color management system. 2 Open the color calibration software application.
Glossary Glossary additive color Images with color elements derived from the light source itself. RGB is a common form of additive color. See also RGB. adjustment Any change to the appearance of an image. Adobe RGB (1998) A commonly used color profile often used for printing. See also color space. album A type of container in the Aperture library that holds only versions. You can create albums at either the project level or within a project.
archive The process of storing image data on a permanent medium, such as optical media (CD or DVD). aspect ratio The ratio of height to width of the dimensions of a photograph. Common North American aspect ratios are 3.5 x 5, 4 x 6, 5 x 7, 11 x 14, and 16 x 20 inches. auto focus The system within the camera that automatically focuses the lens on a specific portion of the subject or scene. automatic bracketing A setting on many professional cameras that automatically brackets the exposure of the image.
bounce lighting Natural and unnatural light sources (flash and tungsten) redirected toward the subject using a reflective surface to give the effect of natural light as well as fill-in shadows. See also color temperature, fill-in lighting, White Balance adjustment.
capture a. The process of taking the image received by the digital image sensor and camera processor and storing that information on the memory card in the camera. b. The process of recording an image in Aperture at the moment it is shot via a tethered camera. See also camera, digital image sensor, memory card, tethered shooting. center-weighted metering A type of metering that measures the light in the entire viewfinder but gives extra emphasis to the center of the frame.
color depth The possible range of colors that can be used in an image. There are generally three choices with digital images: grayscale, 8-bit, and 16-bit. Higher color depths provide a wider range of colors but require more storage space. See also bit depth, color channels, grayscale. color interpolation The process of calculating additional color values from light captured via the red, green, and blue elements on the digital image sensor.
compare image In Aperture, an image set to remain onscreen while other images are viewed against it. The compare image is indicated by a green border. See also image. complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) A type of digital image sensor that is capable of recording the entire image provided by the light-sensitive elements in parallel (essentially all at once), resulting in a higher rate of data transfer to the storage device.
crop The process of printing or distributing only part of the original image. The general purpose of cropping an image is to create a more effective composition. Another reason for cropping an image is to make it fit a particular aspect ratio, such as 4 x 6. See also adjustment, aspect ratio, composition, Crop adjustment, effects. Crop adjustment An adjustment in Aperture that trims the image for the purpose of changing the composition or modifying the aspect ratio.
device dependent Color values that are contingent upon the ability of a device to reproduce those colors. For example, some colors produced by displays cannot be reproduced on paper by a printer. The colors produced by the display are outside the gamut of the printer. Therefore, those colors are considered to be device dependent. See also gamut. device independent Standard color spaces, such as CIE Lab and XYZ, where the interpretation of a color is not dependent on a specific device.
digitize A term often used by photographers for converting images captured on film to a digital format, such as TIFF, using a film scanner. disclosure triangle A small triangle you click to show or hide details in the Aperture interface. display The computer’s monitor. distort Performing an adjustment that changes the shape or composition of an image. See also effects. DNG A royalty-free RAW image format designed by Adobe Systems Incorporated. See also format, RAW.
electromagnetic radiation A type of energy ranging from gamma rays to radio waves that also includes visible light. See also light. embedded profile The source profile saved in the digital image file. JPEG, TIFF, PNG, and PDF file formats support embedded profiles. See also device characterization, profile. emulsion The tiny layers of gelatin, consisting of light-sensitive elements, found in film. When the emulsion is exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs.
external editor An application used in tandem with Aperture to perform advanced adjustments, such as compositing. Aperture creates a new master when an image is sent to an external editor and automatically retrieves the master when the image is saved. See also compositing, master. external flash A type of flash connected to the camera via the hot-shoe bracket or PC terminal. Using an external flash is the best technique for avoiding the red-eye effect in your subject’s eyes. See also flash, red-eye.
flash A device either on or attached to the camera that emits a brief, intense burst of light when the shutter release button is pressed. Flashes, synchronized with the shutter, are used to obtain a correctly exposed image in low-light situations. See also exposure, external flash, fill-in lighting, hot shoe. flat The lack of density in an image when the contrast is too low. See also contrast, density.
gamut The range of colors an individual color device is capable of reproducing. Each device capable of reproducing color has a unique gamut determined by age, frequency of use, and other elements such as inks and paper. See also device characterization, device dependent, gamut mapping, ICC profile. gamut mapping The process of identifying colors outside a device’s gamut and then calculating the nearest color within its gamut. Gamut mapping is used when receiving color information from another color space.
inkjet printer A type of printer that creates images by spraying little ink droplets onto the paper. See also dye sublimation, photo printer, print, RA-4. Inspector pane An element of the main Aperture workspace that contains the Projects, Metadata, and Adjustments inspectors. See also Inspector HUD. Inspector HUD A floating window that contains the Projects, Metadata, and Adjustments panes. See also Inspector pane.
lens A series of sophisticated elements—usually glass—constructed to refract and focus the reflective light from a scene at a specific point: the digital image sensor in a camera. See also camera, digital image sensor, macro lens, prime lens, telephoto lens, wide-angle lens, zoom lens. Levels adjustment An adjustment in Aperture that provides controls to selectively adjust the tonal range of an image. See also adjustment, image.
LZW compression A lossless data-compression algorithm developed by Abraham Lempel, Jakob Ziv, and Terry Welch in 1984. LZW compression algorithms are typically used with JPEG and TIFF graphics files to reduce the file size for archiving and transmission at a ratio of 2.8:1. See also compression, JPEG, TIFF. macro lens A type of lens used for extreme close-up photography. See also camera, lens, prime lens, telephoto lens, wide-angle lens, zoom lens.
moire pattern Refers to the type of visual pattern that is created by the interference of two grids overlaid on top of one another. Moire patterns can occur in images taken with digital cameras when the linear pattern in the image interferes with the linear pattern of the digital image sensor pixel array. The moire pattern often results from a weak anti-aliasing filter employed by the camera’s image processor. See also digital image sensor, RAW Fine Tuning adjustment. monitor See display.
online Images whose masters are currently available to Aperture. See also offline. opacity The level of an image’s transparency. optical zoom lens See zoom lens. overexposure The result of exposing a scene too long. Overexposed scenes appear too bright and lack adequate details in the shadows. See also exposure, underexposed. panning a. Moving the camera along with a moving subject in order to keep the subject in the frame.
PNG Short for Portable Network Graphics. PNG is a bitmapped graphics file format that has been approved by the World Wide Web Consortium to replace patented GIF files. PNG files are patent and royalty free. See also format. polarizing filter A filter placed on the front of the camera lens that selectively transmits light traveling on one plane while absorbing light traveling on other planes. Polarizing filters are capable of reducing unwanted reflections on windows and shiny surfaces.
project In Aperture, the top-level container that holds all the masters, versions, and metadata associated with your shoot. In the case of referenced images, the masters are stored in their current location rather than in the project file. See also album, folder, library, master, referenced images, version. promote The process of moving an image in a stack closer to the pick position. See also demote, Full Screen view toolbar, image, pick, stack. PSD Short for Photoshop Document.
rating In Aperture, the process of adding a value to an image to indicate its quality in relation to other images in a selection. See also photo edit, Reject rating, Select rating. RAW The original bit-for-bit digital image file captured by the camera. RAW Fine Tuning adjustment A set of adjustment parameters in Aperture used to control how Aperture decodes RAW image files. See also moire pattern.
resolution The amount of information a digital image is capable of conveying. Resolution is determined by the combination of file size (number of pixels), bit depth (pixel depth), and dots per inch (dpi). See also bit depth, dots per inch (dpi), pixel. retouching The process of altering an image to add or remove details. See also Clone brush, compositing, effects, filters, Repair brush, Retouch tool. Retouch tool In Aperture, a pair of brushes used to correct or obscure imperfections in an image.
shadows The darkest areas of a subject or scene. See also contrast, density, highlights. Sharpen adjustment An adjustment in Aperture used to sharpen images. See also adjustment, Edge Sharpen adjustment, image. shortcut menu A menu you access by holding down the Control key and clicking an area of the interface, or by pressing the right mouse button.
soft proof The onscreen simulation by a display of the expected output from a printer or press. Sorting pop-up menu Used to arrange images in the Browser based on a variety of sort properties or custom sort criteria. See also Browser, image. source image file See master. source profile The profile of an image file before it undergoes color conversion. Span setting A Secondary Viewer setting that splits the presentation of the current image selection between the Main and Secondary Viewer displays.
tabs In Aperture, elements that delineate projects, folders, or albums in the Browser when more than one is selected in the Projects inspector. You click a tab to view the contents of a currently open project, folder, or album. See also album, folder, project. target A reference file used to profile a device such as a scanner or digital camera. It often contains patches whose color values have been measured. The output from a device is then compared with the target. See also device characterization.
USB Short for Universal Serial Bus. A versatile interface used to connect external devices to computers. USB cables are often used to connect computers to computer peripherals, such as keyboards and digital cameras, as well as transfer large amounts of data. See also camera, FireWire, tethered shooting. vault A designated storage space that contains an exact copy of the Aperture library (from the last time you backed up), usually saved on an external FireWire drive. See also FireWire, library.
white point The color temperature of a display, measured in kelvins. The higher the white point, the bluer the white is; the lower the white point, the redder the white. The native white point for a Mac computer is D50 (5000 kelvins); for a Windows PC, it is D65 (6500 kelvins). See also color temperature, kelvin (K). wide-angle lens A lens with a short focal length that takes in a wide view. The focal length of a wide-angle lens is smaller than the film plane or digital image sensor.
2-page spreads 581 2:3 portrait aspect ratio 595 3:2 landscape aspect ratio 595 3:4 portrait aspect ratio 595 4-Up Fast or Slow slideshow preset 510, 512 4:3 landscape aspect ratio 595 100% view 531 A Actual Size button 68, 578, 581 actual size display 68, 578, 581 Actual Time Zone pop-up menu 134 adapters (graphics cards) 630 ADC ports 630 Add Adjustments pop-up menu 60, 331 Add Filter pop-up menu 75, 300, 302, 306, 307, 313 additive color 643 Add Keyword button 76, 251, 254 Add Keyword field 62, 63, 258
Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD adding controls to 331 adjustment controls 328 controls 35 displaying in Full Screen view 334 opening 215, 330 Adjustments tab 57 adjustment tool HUDs 215 adjustment tools 49, 52, 55, 212 Adobe RGB color profile 643 advanced Highlights & Shadows controls 440 Album Pick button 212 albums album picks 227 copying albums 608 copying images from 323 creating 300 creating a webpage album 536 defined 94, 643 deleting albums 106 deleting images from 105, 167 dragging images int
backing up images after import 143 archives, defined 644 creating vaults 616 functions and controls 615 overview 41, 612 planning systems for 613 reconnecting hard disks 618 restoring files 612 restoring library 621 storage space 614, 615 updating vaults 617 in vaults 41, 65, 100, 616 working with multiple computers 619 backing up in slideshows 513 backlighting 644 back-to-back printing 581 “Badge referenced images” checkbox 89, 170 badges displaying 273, 292 Light Table display 532 types of 290 basic works
borders on images 240, 153 on printed images 476 bounce lighting 645 bracketed images 133, 221 brightness adjusting 328, 416 bright pixels in black tint calculation 424 in highlights adjustments 436 histogram displays 360 in shadows adjustments 437 Brightness Levels slider 432 Brightness parameter 416 Brightness slider 416 Brightness value slider 416 Bring Forward button 68, 578, 597 Browser 46, 332 badge overlays 290 creating versions in 165–166 darkening or lightening background 157 deleting images 105, 1
channels adjustments 328 Auto Levels Combined button 369 Auto Levels Separate button 370 color correction levels adjustments 433 in histograms 331 See also blue channels, green channels, red channels characters in filenames 129 limits in IPTC data 245 limits in metadata 289 charge-coupled devices (CCDs) 646 checkboxes 333 “Check for new photos” pop-up menu 92 choosing a command set 81 Chroma Blur adjustment controls 359 chromatic spread 445 CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) 637, 647 CIE color s
color value adjusting 447 Color Value sample size 349 color wheels 428 columns of images in slideshows 515, 518 in metadata display 276 in text boxes 602 in web journals 544 in webpages 541, 546 Columns slider 515, 518 Columns value slider 70, 72, 541, 544, 546 Command Editor 80 Command Group 81 Command List area 81 Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) 637, 647 Common Sizes pop-up menu 405 compare images 154, 184, 240 comparing images Light Table review 37 to originals 192 overview 29 rating proce
custom filter preset 453 Customize Toolbar dialog 79 Custom name formats 496 Custom Name with Counter format 127 Custom Name with Index format 127 Cut Content command 596 cut lines 478 cyan tones 434 D darkening images 413 dark pixels in white tint calculations 427 Date pop-up menu 306 dates creation dates 305 date-based organization 101 date-based web journal pages 550 in filenames 106, 110, 127 finding images by 305 in metadata 58, 273, 289 sorting by 163 decompression 649 decorations 532 Decrease Diamet
metadata 176, 194, 273, 278 metadata sets 279 multiple displays.
editing badge overlays on images 290 book page layouts 572 contents of Smart Albums 322 export presets 507 files outside of Aperture 144 images 23–28, 651 master pages 605 metadata 278, 288 metadata sets 282 photo layout in books 595 print presets 481 slideshow presets 517 web export presets 557, 558 webpage themes 545 editing images in external editors 350 Edit Layout button 67, 572, 576, 595, 599 Edit Link button 553 effects 651 Eject button 618 ejecting cards from readers 116 hard disks 618 electromagnet
exposure meters 652 Exposure parameter 412 Exposure slider 344, 346, 413 exposure vignette applying to an image 464 extended desktop mode 631, 652 external editor using 350 external editors 144, 350, 653 external flashes 653 external hard disks adding additional space 627 backing up to 612 disconnecting 618 identifying 616 offsite storage 618 planning backup systems 614 reconnecting 618 restoring from 621 space on 614, 615 vaults on 100, 616 External Image Editor field 89 Extract Item command 228 eyedropper
Font Size pop-up menu 476 foregrounds in images 654 foreign-language characters 129 formats, defined 654 See also file formats formatting text 577, 601 frames 654 framing images 654 frontlighting 654 f-stops 412, 654 full-page spreads 581 full-resolution display 191 Full Screen button 50, 62, 209 Full Screen view 51, 77, 334 badge overlays 290 defined 654 entering and exiting 24, 50, 209 filmstrip 209 keyboard shortcuts 217 metadata display in 216, 270 overview 208 shortcut menu 218 stacks in 230 toolbar 21
hidden images in Light Table 530 hiding filmstrip 210 image tooltips 277 master pages 605 metadata 177, 195 overlays 248 page numbers 593 panes with keyboard shortcuts 77 Red Eye target overlays 379 rejected images 298 Spot & Patch target overlays 396 unrated images 298 Viewer 182 high-contrast images 418 Highlight brightness levels 433 Highlight Hot & Cold Areas command 190 Highlights & Shadows adjustment controls 435 Highlights & Shadows adjustments advanced settings 438 Highlights & Shadows area 437, 438
Spot & Patch adjustments 386–397 Straighten adjustments 399–401 types of 34 using adjustment controls 332 versions and 95 White Balance adjustments 408–411 Image Date/Time format 127 Image Export command 505 Image Format pop-up menu 505, 556 image indexes 577, 588 Image Management button 106, 107 Image Quality slider 500, 505, 556 images adjusting the time and date 293 adjustments. See image adjustments on book covers 590 comparing 29, 180, 184 exporting. See exporting file formats.
iPhoto disabling for cameras or cards 114 importing images from 22, 111 importing library 139 iPhoto Browser 141 importing images 142 IPTC button 282 IPTC metadata adding during import 132 adding fields to metadata sets 282 assigning keywords 31 character length 245 character limits 289 defined 656 displaying 58, 176, 194 exporting 487, 502 exporting keywords as 245 fields in 273, 289 finding images by 308 irises 656 ISO speeds 273, 656 iTunes library area 515 iTunes playlists 515, 520 J journals.
Keywords HUD adding new keywords to 254 applying keywords with 250–256 functions and controls 76, 251 illustrated 25 listing keywords 31 opening 214 Keywords HUD button 56, 62, 213 Keywords pop-up menu 304 L labels metadata 275 tools 79 lab plots 656 landscape filter presets 453 landscape photo boxes 595 laptops, working with vaults on 619 Large Hardcover button 69, 578, 591 Large Softcover button 69, 578, 591 layering images and text on book pages 577 layouts book designs.
locations of images 144 in metadata 58 for restoration 621 of vaults 616 Lock button 76, 251 locked vaults 619 locking print presets 482 looping slideshows 515 Loupe 56 alternate loupe 189 sample color values 347 Loupe button 62, 213 Loupe tool 62, 181, 189, 213, 424 low-resolution images 473 Low Tonal Width parameter controls 443 Low Tonal Width slider 438, 443, 444 luminance 657 luminance adjustments 445 Auto Levels Combined button 369 in histograms 331 levels adjustments and 429 Luminance parameter 449 L
keywords in 244 labels for 275 Light Table display 532 overview 270 positioning display 273 preset displays 194 Query HUD and 298 searchable data fields 175, 312 sets of.
Monochrome Mixer controls 453 Monochrome Mixer presets 452 Move Current Page Up or Down commands 551 Move to Trash button 105 moving book pages 591 filmstrip 210 images from project or albums 168 images in Browser 162 images in Light Table 527 items to Trash 105 panning images 191 photo boxes 595 Red Eye target overlays 379 selected images 154 Spot & Patch target overlays 396 text boxes in web journals 549 text on pages 602 web journal images 549 Multi command 183 multiple computers, working with 619 multip
opening Adjustments HUD 215, 330 adjustment tool HUDs 215 Book Layout Editor 568 external editors 350 Keywords HUD 214 Metadata inspector 248, 270 multiple projects 176 projects 103 Query HUD 297 stacks 133, 220, 226, 336 Viewer 182 Webpage Editor 537 Open with External Editor command 350 operating system naming conventions 129 operator characters 129 optical zoom lenses 660 orange borders 240 orange filter preset 453 ordering books 573, 578, 609 organizing projects before importing files 111 importing fold
patch adjustments 212, 328 amount of detail retained 395 angle of patching 390 defined 388 deleting overlays 397 hiding overlays 396 moving overlays 396 opacity of 394 resizing overlays 391 Softness adjustments 393 Spot & Patch adjustment controls 391 patching adjustments 328, 386–397 patching images 388 Patch tool 212 paths to hard disks 618 pausing slideshows 513 PC mode 114 PCI graphics cards 628 PDF files 476, 479 phase 660 Photo Box Aspect Ratio command 595 photo box buttons 68 photo boxes adding and f
printing a Light Table arrangement 480 a single image 477 Book Layout Editor and 39 book pages 578 books 479, 568, 573, 609 color management 484 contact sheets 478 controls for 474 creating a PDF file 479 crop marks and borders 476 double-sided pages 581 dpi 476 hot areas and 190 layout options 476 Light Table arrangements 480, 533 metadata sets 476 multiple images 477 overview 472 previewing 476 printer settings 475 print presets.
Query HUD date searches 305 EXIF data searches 309 functions and controls 300 IPTC data searches 308 keyword searches 244, 303 multiple-criteria searches 175, 312, 313 opening 297 overview 296–300 ratings-based searches 307 saving search results 315 Smart Albums and 33, 298, 318, 320 Smart Webpage Albums 540 text searches 302 working with 28 Query HUD Action pop-up menu 75, 300 Query HUD button 46, 150, 299 QuickTime 662 QuickTime-compatible file formats 111 R RA-4 printers 662 Radius parameter 356 Radius
Red Eye target overlay 374 deleting 380 moving 379 Red Eye tool 49, 55, 213, 373 Red Eye tool HUD 75 red filter preset 453 red rectangle symbol 191 Red slider 454 red tones adding 434 darkening 453 removing 434 red Vault Status buttons 615 referenced images 94, 98, 115, 118 backing up 100, 612 changing the location 122 consolidating into the library 174 displaying a list 171 identifying 170 importing 110, 121, 124 importing iPhoto library 139 locating masters 172 reconnecting 172 relocating 174 searching fo
overlays 374, 391, 404 watermarks 502, 560 webpage images 547 resolution 363 camera settings 473 defined 664 DPI setting 506 full-resolution display 181, 191 printing and 473 Restore Library dialog 621 restoring last sorting arrangement 162 master page layouts 591 toolbar 79 Retouch controls 381 Retouch HUD 383 retouching images 212, 664 Retouch tool 49, 55, 213, 328, 381, 384 return characters 129 revealing images in Light Table 530 reverse order in slideshows 513 RGB color space 637, 664 right-aligning im
Sensitivity slider 377 sensor dust 328, 386 Sepia Tone adjustment controls 456 Sepia Tone adjustments 328, 456 sepia-tone filters 597 sequences of images 127, 221 Set 1 pop-up menu 247 Set Album Pick command 227 Set Background Page pop-up menu 67 Set Compare Item command 184, 240 Set Master Page pop-up menu 67, 577, 585, 591 setting crop dimensions 406 settings as the default camera parameters 358 setting the tint of highlight values 427 setting up systems 626–633 Shadow Brightness Levels 433 Shadow detail
slideshows backgrounds 515 changing images in 513 creating 512 defined 665 fade time 515 functions and controls for 514 grid patterns in 518 keyboard shortcuts 513 looping 515 music settings 515, 520 overview 36, 510 playing 519 presets.
stacks adding and removing images 228 arranging images in 227 closing 220 comparing images in 223 creating 133, 221, 224 defined 666 displaying 185 dividing 133 dragging images in 229 dragging stacks 229 Full Screen view 230 importing images automatically 133, 222 keyboard shortcuts for 231 list view 229 in multiple albums 227 opening or closing 133, 226 overview 30, 219 picks 54, 212, 220, 226 promoting and demoting images 227 selecting images in 154 splitting 228 tips for quickly creating 225 toolbar butt
themes for books 569, 575, 576, 579 header styles 551 list of 575 master pages 591, 604 selecting and editing 545 switching to other themes 579 for web journals 543 for webpages 541 Themes list 579 Three Up command 183 Thumbnail Image Preset pop-up menu 552 Thumbnail Resize slider 46, 52, 151, 156, 158 thumbnails of book pages 569 creating while importing 110 in grid view 155, 156 in image indexes 588 size of 151, 156, 158 viewing images as 150 on webpages 552 TIFF files 22, 94, 111, 487, 502, 667 time adju
Update All Vaults button 65, 615, 617 Update Vault command 617 Update Vault Path command 618 updating images on multiple computers 619 master pages 606 Smart Albums 319 vault images 613 vaults 65, 100, 614, 615, 617 updating histograms 331 USB cables 627 Use Best DPI checkbox 476 “Use embedded JPEG from camera when possible” checkbox 90 user interface elements 43, 44 using an external editor 350 V value sliders 332, 333 vault backing up referenced images 612 Vault Action pop-up menu 65, 615, 616 Vault pane
W warm tonality 410 watermarks defined 668 displaying 506 exporting images with 487, 556 opacity 506, 559 resizing 560 tips for 502 webpage images 559 Web Copyright field 89, 548 Web Export command 555, 557, 558 web export presets creating 557 deleting 558 editing 558 selecting 554 watermarks 559 Web Export Presets dialog 555, 557, 558 web galleries 538 publishing 560 Web Gallery button 86 Web Gallery Title field 92 web journals adding images 543, 549 adding pages 543, 550 adding text to pages 544 albums 54
workspaces arranging interface elements 44 defined 669 rotating 77 switching between 77 types of 77 X XMP sidecar files 487 X ratings 234 X value slider 407 Y yellow tones 422, 435 yellow Vault Status buttons 615 Y value slider 407 Z zooming full-resolution view 191 viewing book pages 578, 581 viewing images at 100% 213 viewing images in Light Table 531 zoom lenses 669 Zoom to 100% command 531 Zoom Viewer button 50, 56, 191, 213 yellow filter preset 453 Index 701
