Aperture 3 User Manual
Copyright © 2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Aperture software may reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such software. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paid for support services. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc.
Contents Preface 13 13 14 15 Welcome to Aperture About Aperture About the Aperture Documentation Additional Resources Chapter 1 17 18 19 24 42 44 50 50 An Overview of Aperture A First Look at Aperture Creating Projects and Importing Your Photos Photo Editing with Aperture Image Processing Sharing Sharing Images with iLife and iWork Applications Backing Up Your Work Chapter 2 53 54 55 59 59 61 69 71 72 79 81 84 86 94 95 102 106 111 The Aperture Interface The Aperture Main Window Browser Viewer Tool
Chapter 3 113 113 121 131 136 Working with the Aperture Library Basic Components of Aperture Working with the Library Inspector Working with Library Files Working in Projects View Chapter 4 145 145 146 147 149 153 157 168 169 170 171 175 177 178 180 Importing Images An Overview of Importing Images File Formats You Can Import into the Library Planning Your Import Strategy Importing from Your Digital Camera or Card Reader Importing Image Files Stored on Your Computer or Connected Servers Adding Additi
213 Displaying Specific Metadata with Your Images Chapter 6 217 218 221 222 222 223 224 224 230 231 232 236 236 238 239 239 Displaying Images in the Viewer An Overview of the Viewer Showing and Hiding the Viewer Changing the Viewer Background Changing the Number of Images in the Viewer Comparing Images Viewing Stacks Viewing Images with the Loupe Viewing Images at Full Resolution Viewing Master Images Listening to Audio and Viewing Video in the Viewer Displaying Metadata Associated with Images Viewing Ima
296 301 305 306 307 307 Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets Applying Keywords Using the Lift & Stamp HUD Applying Keywords Using the Metadata Inspector Applying Keywords to Images in the Light Table Removing Keywords from an Image Exporting and Importing Keyword Lists Chapter 11 309 309 316 324 328 329 333 336 337 339 342 Working with Metadata An Overview of Working with Metadata Displaying Metadata with Your Images Viewing and Changing Metadata in the Metadata Inspector and
402 403 404 405 407 407 408 409 410 411 412 414 415 416 417 417 Searching by Adjustments Searching by Aperture Metadata Searching by Attachment Searching by Calendar Searching by Date Searching by EXIF Information Searching by Face Searching by File Status Searching by File Type Searching by Import Session Searching by IPTC Information Searching by Photo Usage Searching by Place Searching by a Combination of Criteria Searching Across the Entire Library Saving Your Search Results Chapter 15 419 419 421 42
Chapter 17 473 474 479 485 495 497 499 504 504 507 513 525 527 528 538 554 565 572 573 574 575 580 Making Image Adjustments Working with the Retouch Controls Working with the Red Eye Correction Controls Working with the Spot & Patch Controls Working with the Devignette Controls Working with the Straighten Controls Working with the Crop Controls Working with the Flip Controls Working with the White Balance Controls Working with the Exposure Controls Working with the Enhance Controls Working with the Chr
621 Working with the Halo Reduction Quick Brush Controls 622 Working with the Noise Reduction Quick Brush Controls Chapter 19 625 625 626 646 653 653 654 655 656 Printing Your Images An Overview of Printing Print Controls in the Print Dialog Printing Images and Contact Sheets in Aperture Printing a Book Printing a Light Table Arrangement Creating and Modifying Print Presets Proofing Your Images Onscreen Turning Off Color Management in Your Printer Chapter 20 657 658 659 660 661 663 664 673 675 678 679 6
733 734 736 737 740 741 741 Creating a Light Table Album Placing and Viewing Images in the Light Table Moving and Resizing Images in the Light Table Aligning and Arranging Images in the Light Table Adjusting the Light Table View Printing Light Table Arrangements Deleting a Light Table Album Chapter 23 743 744 746 747 749 749 750 752 755 761 765 775 780 781 784 785 786 786 Creating Books An Overview of Creating Books Planning Your Book Creating a Book Album Controls in the Book Layout Editor Choosing
Chapter 26 831 831 832 834 835 836 837 837 838 838 839 Backing Up Your Images An Overview of the Backup Workflow Planning Your Backup System Controls in the Vault Pane Creating Vaults Updating Vaults Disconnecting a Vault’s Hard Disk Drive from Your System Temporarily Reconnecting a Vault’s Hard Disk Drive to Your System Deleting a Vault Permanently Restoring Your Aperture System Repairing and Rebuilding Your Aperture Library Chapter 27 841 841 842 850 851 Customizing the Aperture Workspace Changing Ma
Preface Welcome to Aperture Aperture is a powerful and easy-to-use digital image management system that can track thousands of digital images and provides the avid photographer with high-quality image management and adjustment tools. With Aperture, you can efficiently import digital images, perform a photo edit, adjust and retouch images, publish images for the web or print, export libraries for use on other Aperture systems, merge libraries, and back up your entire image library for safekeeping.
• Professional project management: Aperture allows you to manage thousands of projects and provides flexible organizational tools, comprehensive metadata support, and powerful search tools that let you find files instantly. You can export any part of your library, make changes to it on a second Aperture system, and then merge it back into the library of your primary Aperture system.
Additional Resources Along with the documentation that comes with Aperture, there are a variety of other resources you can use to find out more about Aperture. Aperture Websites For general information and updates, as well as the latest news on Aperture, go to: • http://www.apple.com/aperture For a list of online video tutorials, go to: • http://www.apple.com/aperture/howto For a list of online resources, including third-party training materials, go to: • http://www.apple.
An Overview of Aperture 1 Aperture is designed to be the center of your digital photography workflow, from capturing new images to the final delivery of professional-quality photographs. You can also use Aperture to organize your audio and video clips for use with multimedia slideshow presentations, share photos with social networking websites, and publish photos on your personal website. This chapter provides an overview of how Aperture works and what you can do with it.
A First Look at Aperture When you first open Aperture, you see the following areas: Click here to open the Import pane and Import browser. Tabs for the Library inspector, Metadata inspector, and Adjustments inspector Toolbar Your projects appear here in the Library inspector. Projects view Note: Because you can customize the toolbar, adding and deleting buttons and controls, your toolbar may look different from the one pictured in this manual.
After you import images into projects, your screen will look similar to this: Your project’s thumbnail images Aperture imports the images into a project. Click the project to see its images in the Browser. About the Aperture Sample Library The Aperture installation disc includes a sample library with several projects containing high-resolution images. You can import the sample library into your existing Aperture library from the Aperture installation disc at any time after installing the application.
Creating Projects As you work with Aperture, you create projects to hold your images. A project is similar to a folder that can hold dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of images. For example, after completing a shoot of a foot race in Antarctica, you might create a new project named Antarctica and import the photos into it. When you need to further subdivide and organize images in a project, you can create albums. Your new project appears in a list in the Library inspector.
Viewing Projects in Projects View Aperture organizes the images in your library using projects. Projects view provides a convenient way to visually review the projects in your library. When you select Projects in the Library inspector, the Aperture main window switches to Projects view. Each project is represented by a single image, but you can move the pointer over each project to reveal all the images in the project in succession.
Working with the Aperture Trash As you delete versions, masters, projects, folders, and albums in Aperture, they are placed in the Aperture Trash. The Aperture Trash acts as a container of final review. When you empty the Aperture Trash, its contents are removed from Aperture. Library item in the Aperture Trash Deleted images are placed in the Aperture Trash until you empty it. For more information about working with the Trash, see Working with the Aperture Trash.
Importing Images with the Import Browser When you connect a digital camera or card reader to your computer, the Import pane and Import browser appear. You can select your camera or card reader and see the images you’re about to import. You can select and import all the images or only those you want. You can also select image files on your hard disk for importing. Select your camera, card reader, or computer hard disk here. Specify import options here.
Importing Files from Your Body of Work You can easily import your collection of archived digital images into Aperture from any hard disk or storage device connected to your computer. When importing legacy images from your portfolio, you can move them into the main Aperture library, or you can simply identify where the images are located, and Aperture adds them to its management system without changing the image locations.
When you select a thumbnail image in the Browser, the image appears in the Viewer. The Viewer displays the selected image. Select images here. A selected image appears with a white outline. The Browser can display your images as thumbnails arranged as a row in a filmstrip or as a grid of thumbnails appearing in rows and columns. You can click an individual image to select it, and a white border appears around the image. To quickly move to and select other images, press the arrow keys.
If you want to work with your images in detail, you can view them in Full Screen view. Toolbar available in Full Screen view The displayed image fills the screen. Filmstrip available in Full Screen view To see images in Full Screen view, press F. Press F again to exit Full Screen view.
In Full Screen view, you can change the display of images to show single images, three images, or up to twelve images at once. You can also set Full Screen view to show your images in three modes: Viewer, Browser, and Projects. Viewer mode displays your images at high resolution, allowing you to work with an image in fine detail while applying complex image adjustments.
Using Multi-Touch Trackpad Gestures with Aperture If your portable computer has a Multi-Touch trackpad, you can use Multi-Touch trackpad gestures when working with Aperture. For example, when working with images in the Browser, you can use the rotate gesture to rotate images and the swipe gesture to select a different image. In addition to using the standard trackpad gestures used with Mac portable computers, you can also use Multi-Touch trackpad gestures with the following Aperture features.
Working with Heads-Up Displays To work efficiently in Aperture, you can use floating windows of controls called heads-up displays (HUDs) to modify images. For example, when you view images in Aperture in Full Screen view, you can open an Inspector HUD to adjust your images. Holding down the Shift key while performing an adjustment temporarily hides the Inspector HUD, giving you an unobstructed view of your image as you adjust it.
As you work on your images, you can position HUDs anywhere on the screen and use them to make changes. For example, Aperture provides a Keywords HUD that you can use to quickly assign keywords to your images. To assign a keyword, you simply drag it from the Keywords HUD to the image. Drag a keyword from the Keywords HUD to apply it to an image.
Working with Inspectors Aperture provides a Library inspector for organizing your photos, audio clips, and video clips; an Adjustments inspector for applying adjustments; and a Metadata inspector that allows you to review metadata and assign it to your images. You can show or hide each inspector by clicking the appropriate tab at the top of the Inspector pane or pressing the W key. Showing the inspectors is as easy as pressing the I key.
Once images are rated, you can have Aperture display only images of a certain rating, so you can focus on a particular group of images. For more information about rating your images, see Rating Images. Finding and Displaying Images with the Filter HUD You can use the Filter HUD to search for and display only certain photos in a project or album. Click the Filter HUD button beside the search field in the Browser, and the Filter HUD appears.
Comparing Photos Aperture allows you to carefully compare images. You select a “compare” image, and Aperture displays it for comparison against other images in a selection. The compare image appears outlined in green. While comparing images, you can rate the selected images or make adjustments to them. For example, you might use the comparison method to make final selections of the best images in a series. Or, you might compare two versions of an image and make adjustments.
Stacking Images Photographers frequently work with large selections of images. To help you work efficiently with a series of shots, such as bracketed shots or shots taken in quick succession, Aperture can automatically stack related shots. You can also select and manually stack related shots yourself and review them for a “pick,” the image that you intend to use. The Stack button indicates the number of images in the stack. A stack with three images is shown expanded.
You can use Aperture to assign keywords to images using standard IPTC fields (the standard metadata fields defined by the International Press Telecommunications Council). You can also select images and assign keywords that you define. You can display images in the Viewer with their version names and any assigned keywords appearing on or below the image. Keywords and other metadata The Keywords HUD lists all the keyword categories and keywords that you define.
You can also show keyword controls in the control bar at the bottom of the Aperture main window by choosing Window > Show Keyword Controls. Using these simple controls, you can display different categories of keywords and easily apply those keywords with a quick click or keystroke. Your Aperture keyword scheme can ensure comprehensive accessibility to your images and even help with the management of your copyrights, usage rights, and sales.
People to whom you’ve assigned names are represented by snapshots in Faces view, which is accessed by selecting Faces in the Library inspector or selecting an item in the Library inspector and then clicking the Faces button in the toolbar. Selecting Faces in the Library inspector displays the faces of all the people in images in the library who have been assigned names.
You can view all of the images in your library in which a person appears by double-clicking the person’s snapshot in Faces view. All the confirmed images of the person appear in the Faces browser. Aperture compares this face with other faces in your library and then offers suggested matches for you to confirm or reject. As you confirm suggested images, the images move up to the group of confirmed images above.
Locating Your Images on a Map with Places In Aperture, you can use Places to organize your images by the locations where they were taken. If you have a GPS-enabled digital camera or iPhone, Aperture categorizes the images by location and converts the GPS location tags to place names, such as Vancouver, Canada. You can explore where your images were shot using the Places view. Places view The location badge indicates that location information has been assigned to the image.
Aperture comes with a selection of predefined Smart Albums set up in the library. For example, there are Smart Albums that gather all your select images, all images taken in the last week, and all images taken in the last month. When you click the Library Albums disclosure triangle, you see the list of Smart Albums created for you. Select a Smart Album to see its contents in the Browser.
Aperture searches across the library and displays all the five-star images of your family on vacation in Yosemite National Park. If you’re planning another trip with your family to Yosemite, any images that match the Smart Album’s search criteria will be added automatically to the Smart Album in the future. In the Smart Settings HUD, specify the search criteria for images you want in the Smart Album. You can work with the images in the Smart Album just as you can with images in any other album.
Image Processing Aperture provides a powerful set of nondestructive adjustment controls that allow you to improve and enhance your images using adjustments such as Crop, Straighten, Exposure, White Balance, Levels, Curves, Vignette, and more. In addition, Aperture lets you apply or remove adjustments selectively, affecting only certain parts of an image, by using brushed adjustments.
You can adjust your images using the controls in either the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. The controls in the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD are the same as those in the Adjustments inspector. You can also easily export your images to a third-party application, and then bring the adjusted image back into Aperture simply by saving it.
Sharing When it’s time to show your work to others, Aperture provides many options for distributing and sharing your images.
You can also create a slideshow by selecting the images that you want to show in the Browser and then choosing File > Play Slideshow. For more information about creating slideshows, see Playing Slideshows Using Slideshow Presets. Reviewing Images in the Aperture Light Table You can use the Aperture Light Table to freely arrange and organize a group of images visually to see how various groups of images work together. Or, you can arrange a group of images and print them in specific arrangements.
Aperture provides ready-made themes and webpage layouts that you can use for the design of your pages. To create webpages that present a gallery of your images, you create a webpage album, choose a Web Page theme, and then use the Webpage Editor to design your pages. When you place images in the album, Aperture automatically populates your webpages with your images. The Webpage Editor appears with the selected images. The new album you created appears in the Library inspector.
You can also create a web journal, which allows you to mix text and images on the webpage. For example, you might create a web journal that chronicles your latest trip and include your photos. You create web journal pages by creating a web journal album, choosing a Web Journal theme, and then using the Webpage Editor to design your pages. For more information about creating web galleries and web journals, see Creating Webpages.
You can also automatically publish your images from Aperture to your MobileMe Gallery. To share your images with your MobileMe Gallery, you create a MobileMe album and specify its publication settings. You can drag images to your MobileMe album, and Aperture automatically publishes the images to your MobileMe Gallery based on the publication settings you specified. Images published from Aperture to Facebook, Flickr, and MobileMe can be added, removed, and edited using Aperture.
You create a book by creating a book album and using the Book Layout Editor to design the book’s pages. Place images in your book and design pages using the Book Layout Editor. Book album In the Book Layout Editor, you select a page’s thumbnail image to see an enlarged view of the page’s layout and contents. You can also change the page design, and the current page is automatically updated to the new format. To add an image, you drag it from the Browser into a photo box on the page.
Sharing Images with iLife and iWork Applications The Aperture library is accessible from within iLife and iWork applications so you can easily share and use your photos in iLife and iWork projects and documents. You can also import your entire iPhoto library into Aperture, or you can open the iPhoto Browser in Aperture and review and select iPhoto images that you want to import. Any adjustments or metadata applied to your images in iPhoto are preserved and can be edited in Aperture.
You can set Aperture to automatically create backup copies of your images during import. After importing, you can back up the managed images in your library to one or more vaults. Then, you can monitor your backup system by viewing your vaults in the Vault pane. There are several controls that you use when you update vaults to back up your images.
The Aperture Interface 2 The Aperture interface is modeled around managing, editing, and presenting photos. This chapter describes the names and functions of the Aperture interface elements. Use this chapter to orient yourself while learning Aperture. To find detailed information about the features described in this chapter, read the chapter about the topic. You can also search for terms associated with Aperture in the glossary. This chapter covers the following: • The Aperture Main Window (p.
The Aperture Main Window The Aperture main window contains the following areas: Inspector pane Toolbar Viewer Browser Vault pane Note: The Inspector pane is shown by default. You can show or hide the Inspector pane by pressing I. Arranging the Interface Aperture provides many ways to view your images. You can arrange the Aperture main window in the Browser, Split View, and Viewer layouts. The areas in the Aperture interface are resizable, and you can customize these layouts to suit your workflow.
Browser The Browser displays the thumbnail images contained in a folder, project, or album. When you select a folder, project, or album in the Library inspector, images appear in the Browser. You can display images in the Browser in filmstrip view, in grid view, and in list view. You can also open multiple projects at a time in the Browser. To learn more about using the Browser, see Working with Images in the Browser.
Browser in Filmstrip View When the Browser is in filmstrip view (available only in the Split View main window layout), images in a selected project appear as a row of thumbnails. You can scroll the images left and right and quickly select and work with them one after the other. You can resize the thumbnails in the filmstrip by dragging the top of the filmstrip to enlarge it.
Browser in Grid View When the Browser is in grid view, images in a selected project appear as thumbnails arranged in columns and rows within the Browser. You can adjust the size of the thumbnails to easily review and work with your images. Sorting pop-up menu Filmstrip View, Grid View, and List View buttons Filter HUD button Search field Shuttle control Scroll bar Thumbnail Resize slider • Sorting pop-up menu: Sort your images by a variety of sort properties using this pop-up menu.
Browser in List View When the Browser is in list view, images in a selected project appear as rows of information. Metadata associated with each image appears in columns; click a column heading to sort the images by that column category. Sorting pop-up menu Filmstrip View, Grid View, and List View buttons Filter HUD button Search field Shuttle control Scroll bar Column headings appear in this row.
Viewer When you select one or more thumbnail images in the Browser, those images are displayed in the Viewer. You can use the Viewer to examine an image at its full size or compare multiple images side by side. To learn more about using the Viewer, see Displaying Images in the Viewer. Tool strip Selection and adjustment controls Display controls You can apply adjustments, keywords, and metadata to an image in the Viewer.
For more information about working with the adjustment tools, see An Overview of Image Adjustments, Making Image Adjustments, and Making Brushed Adjustments. Selection and Adjustment Controls Use these controls to select and adjust images. Note: The following adjustment controls are available only when the Viewer is shown: Straighten tool, Crop tool, Red Eye tool, and Quick Brush pop-up menu.
Display Controls Use the display controls to manage how images are presented in the Browser and Viewer. The Show Master and Zoom Viewer buttons are available only when the Viewer is shown. Zoom Viewer button Primary Only button Quick Preview button Show Master button Metadata Overlays pop-up menu • Zoom Viewer button: Click this button to switch between viewing an image at actual size and fitting the image to the Viewer’s screen size. Note: This button is available only when the Viewer is shown.
µ To switch tabs in the Inspector pane Choose View > Inspector > Next Tab (or press W). Library tab Metadata tab Adjustments tab • Library tab: Click this tab to open the Library inspector. For information about controls in the Library inspector, see Library Inspector. • Metadata tab: Click this tab to open the Metadata inspector. For information about controls in the Metadata inspector, see Metadata Inspector. • Adjustments tab: Click this tab to open the Adjustments inspector.
µ Press Q. Search field and pop-up menu Library Action pop-up menu • Search field and pop-up menu: Enter text to search for item names, project descriptions, and place and face information within items in the Library inspector. Items that don’t match the search text are excluded from view. Choose to show all items, your favorite items, or just recently selected items by choosing an option from the search field pop-up menu.
As you add images to the library, Aperture automatically tracks which managed images have been backed up to your vault. When your vault is up to date, the Vault Status button appears black. When a change to at least one version occurs, such as an adjustment, the Vault Status button appears yellow. When Aperture determines that even a single master has not been backed up, the Vault Status button appears red. You can have Aperture update your vaults whenever you want.
Metadata Inspector The Metadata inspector displays an image’s caption text, keywords, version number, filename, and file size. You can also view Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) and International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) data associated with an image. EXIF metadata is embedded in an image file by the digital camera and includes camera settings such as shutter speed, date and time, focal length, exposure, metering pattern, and flash information.
µ Press W repeatedly to cycle through the inspectors until you see the Metadata inspector. Camera Info pane Metadata View pop-up menu Metadata Action pop-up menu Map Pane button Map Pane Action pop-up menu • Camera Info pane: Displays basic camera information for a selected image, basic file information about a selected audio clip, or basic file information about a selected video clip. The Camera Info pane also contains controls for applying color labels, ratings, and flags to images.
• Metadata Action pop-up menu: Choose options for appending and replacing the metadata in an image from this pop-up menu. You can also access the Metadata and Batch Change dialogs, remove IPTC metadata, update the EXIF metadata in the image’s master file, show or hide the Camera Info pane, and add and remove audio attachments using this pop-up menu. • Map Pane button: Click this button to open and close the Map pane.
µ Press W repeatedly to cycle through the inspectors until you see the Adjustments inspector. Presets pop-up menu Adjustments pop-up menu Histogram Adjustment Action pop-up menu Reset button Adjustments • Presets pop-up menu: Choose an adjustment preset to apply to a selected image. Aperture comes with a set of presets. If you frequently use the same adjustment parameter settings, you can save those settings as adjustment presets.
• Histogram: Displays the selected image’s luminance or color channels. The histogram displays a graph of the brightness values in the image, from the blackest point to the whitest point. You can adjust the histogram to show luminance; red, green, and blue (RGB) channels displayed together; or separate red, green, and blue channels.
• New pop-up menu: Choose the item you want to create in the Library inspector from this pop-up menu. • Name button: Click this button to assign names to people in your images using the Faces feature. The Name Faces HUD appears, and a face label appears below the faces in the selected image. Enter a name in the face label to name each person in the image. You can see the people you named in your images in Faces view. For more information, see Faces View.
• Loupe button: Click this button to open the Loupe, which zooms in to your image by magnifying the area of the image it is placed over. You can adjust the diameter of the Loupe by choosing View > Loupe Options > Increase Diameter or by choosing View > Loupe Options > Decrease Diameter. For more information about the Loupe, see Viewing Images with the Loupe.
Keyword Controls You can display keyword controls in the control bar and use the buttons and pop-up menu to apply keywords to images. To learn more about applying keywords, see Applying Keywords to Images. Individual keyword buttons Add Keyword field Keyword Preset Group pop-up menu • Individual keyword buttons: Click any of these buttons to apply a preset keyword to a selected image or group of images. Hold down the Shift key and click the button to remove the keyword from the image selection.
• Browser mode: This mode displays thumbnails for the images within the item selected in the Library inspector. You work with the thumbnail images in the same way you work with images in the Browser in the Aperture main window. Browser mode has controls for searching for images as well as for adjusting the size of the thumbnail images. For more information, see Working in Browser Mode in Full Screen View. • Projects mode: Projects mode displays thumbnails of the projects in your library.
Controls in Viewer Mode You use Viewer mode in Full Screen view to view your images at high resolution, compare images, and apply adjustments and keywords to images. While in Viewer mode, you typically use the controls in the filmstrip and toolbar in conjunction with each other. Toolbar Filmstrip • Toolbar: Use the toolbar buttons and controls to change your images. The toolbar includes buttons and controls for displaying images and opening HUDs, as well as a full set of image adjustment tools.
Controls in Browser Mode You use Browser mode in Full Screen view to navigate through large thumbnail images, work with stacks, and search for images. Projects button Library Path Navigator pop-up menus Filter HUD button and search field Thumbnail Resize slider • Projects button: Click this button to switch to Projects mode. • Library Path Navigator pop-up menus: Choose a library item to display in the Browser from one of the pop-up menus.
Controls in Projects Mode You use Projects mode in Full Screen view to organize and work with projects. To enter Projects mode, you click the Projects button in the top-left corner of the screen in Browser mode. Sorting pop-up menu Project grouping buttons Search field Thumbnail Resize slider • Sorting pop-up menu: Choose to sort projects by name or by date, in ascending or descending order, or in the order the projects appear from top to bottom in the Library inspector.
Controls in the Full Screen View Toolbar The toolbar displayed in Full Screen view is similar to the toolbar in the Aperture main window. The toolbar provides controls for adjusting images, controlling how images are displayed on the screen, and opening HUDs. You can also use the toolbar to access the Loupe and to exit Full Screen view. Always Show Toolbar control µ To view the Full Screen view toolbar In Full Screen view, move the pointer to the top of your primary screen.
Display Controls Use the display controls to manage how images are displayed in Full Screen view. Zoom Viewer button Primary Only button Viewer Mode pop-up menu Quick Preview button Show Master button Metadata Overlays pop-up menu • Viewer Mode pop-up menu: Choose how to view your images and arrange your displays from this pop-up menu. For more information, see Viewing Images on Multiple Displays. • Show Master button: Click this button to view the master image without any applied adjustments.
• Loupe button: Click this button to open the Loupe, which you can use to minutely examine parts of an image. • Inspector HUD button: Click this button to show or hide the Inspector HUD. • Exit Full Screen button: Click this button to exit Full Screen view. • Always Show Toolbar control: Click this control to turn the automatic display of the toolbar on or off.
To enter Projects view Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Show Projects. In the Library inspector, select Projects. Sorting pop-up menu Project grouping buttons Search field Thumbnail Resize slider • Sorting pop-up menu: Choose to sort projects by name or by date, in ascending or descending order, or in the order the projects appear from top to bottom in the Library inspector. • Ungrouped button: Click this button to view the projects ungrouped.
Faces View Snapshots containing people who have been assigned names using the Faces feature appear in Faces view. When you select the Faces item in the Library inspector, the main window switches to Faces view, showing all the photos of people with assigned names in the Aperture library. When you click the Faces button in the toolbar, Faces view shows all the photos of people with assigned names in the item selected in the Library inspector.
Controls in Faces View Faces view displays snapshots of people in the library whose names you have confirmed. Search field Show Unnamed Faces button Thumbnail Resize slider • Search field: Enter text; people whose names match the text you entered appear in Faces view. • Thumbnail Resize slider: Drag the slider to change the size of the snapshots.
Controls in the Faces Browser When you double-click a person’s snapshot in Faces view, all the confirmed images of that person appear at the top of the Faces browser, and all the suggested images of the person appear in a separate section below the confirmed images. All Faces button Sorting pop-up menu Faces button Face name Confirm Faces button Photos button Thumbnail Resize slider • All Faces button: Click this button to return to Faces view.
• Faces button: Click this button to show only the face of the individual in each thumbnail image. Places View Images organized by location using the Places feature are represented by pins on the Places view map at the locations where the images were taken. To enter Places view Do one of the following: µ To show the location information for images across the entire Aperture Library, select Places in the Library inspector.
Searching and Navigation Controls In Places view, you can search for locations where your images were shot, navigate to locations, zoom in to the map to view locations in detail, and change map views. Places Path Navigator pop-up menus Search field Overview Map pane Overview Map Pane button Zoom slider and buttons • Zoom slider and buttons: Use the Zoom slider and buttons to zoom in to and out of the map.
Map View Controls There are three map views you can use within Places view. Satellite button Terrain button Road button • Satellite button: Click this button to set the map to show detailed satellite-stitched images. In this map view only, a Show Labels checkbox appears. Select this checkbox to display overlays of major streets and highways when the Satellite view is shown. Note: Not all areas have detailed satellite images. • Road button: Click this button to set the map to show roads.
General Slideshow Editor Controls The following controls are always available in the Slideshow Editor. Theme button Export button Slideshow playhead Play Slideshow button Preview Slideshow button Slide Duration button Slideshow Settings button Audio Browser button Slideshow Action pop-up menu • Theme button: Click this button to choose a theme for your slideshow. • Export button: Click this button to export your slideshow as a movie and choose a platform to share it on.
• Preview Slideshow button: Click this button to preview the slideshow in the Slideshow Editor. Clicking this button keeps the Browser open and the playhead visible as it moves across the images in the slideshow. • Slideshow Action pop-up menu: Insert blank slides, fit the slide selection to the soundtrack, adjust the audio track, and view playhead information using this pop-up menu. • Slide Duration button: Click this button to set the duration of each slide as the slideshow plays.
Note: The controls that appear in the Default Settings pane change depending on the theme selected for the slideshow. • Aspect Ratio pop-up menu: Choose an aspect ratio to apply to your slideshow from this pop-up menu. • “Repeat slideshow” checkbox: Select this checkbox to loop playback of the slideshow. • "Loop main audio track” checkbox: Select this checkbox to loop playback of the main audio track. • “Show title” checkbox: Select this checkbox to display title text over the first slide in the slideshow.
Note: A preview of the transition you choose plays beneath the Transition pop-up menu. • Transition direction buttons: For transition effects that can be applied in more than one direction, set the direction of the effect using these buttons. Note: The Transition direction buttons appear dimmed if you choose a transition that can be applied in only one direction. • Speed value slider: Use this value slider to set the duration of the transitions between slides.
Selected Slides Controls To show the Selected Slides pane, click the Slideshow Settings button, then click the Selected Slides button. You use these controls to modify the behavior of individual slides in the slideshow. Background color well Border color well Transition direction buttons Text Fonts button Text color well • “Photo effect” checkbox and pop-up menu: Select this checkbox and choose an effect from the pop-up menu to apply to the selected slides.
• Border color well: Change an individual image’s border color by clicking the color well and then selecting a new border color from the Colors window. You can also click the disclosure button (to the right of the color well) and select a new border color from the pop-up color palette. • Inset checkbox and value slider: Select the checkbox to apply padding between a specific image and the image border, and adjust the width of the padding using the Inset value slider.
Audio Browser Controls Click the Audio Browser button to show controls for working with the audio tracks applied to the slideshow. Source list Audio track preview area Play button Search field • Source list: Select the source of the audio track from this list. You can select a song or audio file from GarageBand, your iTunes library, slideshow Theme Music, and any audio imported into the Aperture library.
Light Table The Light Table provides an open workspace where you can freely arrange images. You can use the Light Table to review and compare images, create mockups of webpages, compare color values in a selection of images before applying color corrections, or do anything else that involves viewing and comparing your images. To learn more about the Light Table, see Using the Light Table.
• Light Table Zoom slider: Drag the Light Table Zoom slider to change the Light Table’s size. Show Viewer button Show All Images button Show Unplaced Images button • Show Viewer button: Click this button to display the selected Light Table album’s images in the Viewer so that you can apply adjustments to them. Click the Show Viewer button again to switch back to the Light Table. • Show All Images button: Click this button to see the entire contents of the Light Table album in the Browser.
Web Gallery Controls To work with a web gallery in the Webpage Editor, select a webpage album in the Library inspector and then select a page's thumbnail in the Pages pane on the left side. When an enlarged view of the selected page appears on the right, you can add and arrange images and text. The Webpage Editor is where you design web galleries.
Following are the web gallery controls in the Webpage Editor. Theme button Metadata View pop-up menu Pages pane Detail Images pane • Theme button: Click this button to choose a theme, or layout, for your web gallery. The name of the selected theme appears to the right of the Theme button. • Metadata View pop-up menu: Choose the type of metadata that is included with each image in the web gallery. • Pages pane: Select a thumbnail in this pane to view a specific webpage.
• Next Page button: Click this button to go to the next page. • Columns value slider: Use this control to specify the number of columns you want on a page. Click the arrows to increase or decrease the number of columns, or double-click in the value field and enter a new value. • Rows value slider: Use this control to specify the number of rows you want on a page. Click the arrows to increase or decrease the number of rows, or double-click in the value field and enter a new value.
To learn more about creating web journals, see Creating Webpages. The Webpage Editor is where you design web journals.
Following are web journal controls in the Webpage Editor. Theme button Pages pane Detail Images pane Page Template pop-up menu Page Action pop-up menu Remove Page button Add Page button • Theme button: Click this button to choose a theme, or layout, for your web journal. • Pages pane: Select a thumbnail in this pane to see a specific page of the web journal. • Detail Images pane: Select a thumbnail image to see an enlarged version of the image in its own webpage.
• Add Page button: Click this button to add a page to your web journal. Metadata View pop-up menu Export Web Pages button Publish to MobileMe button Add Text Block button • Metadata View pop-up menu: Choose the type of metadata that is included with each image in the web journal page. • Add Text Block button: Click this button to add a text block to the bottom of the current web journal page. • Export Web Pages button: Click this button to export your web journal pages as HTML files.
Book Layout Editor When you create a new book album, the Book Layout Editor appears. In it, you can create a variety of printed books to showcase your images. To learn more about creating books, see Creating Books. The Book Layout Editor is where you design your book. Pages Pane Controls The Pages pane is on the left side of the Book Layout Editor. You use the controls in the Pages pane to add pages to and delete pages from books, switch themes, and work with master pages.
The Pages pane contains the following controls. Theme button Hardcover button Softcover button Set Master Page pop-up menu Book Action pop-up menu Remove Pages button Add Pages pop-up menu • Theme button: Click this button to choose a book type as well as a theme, or design, for your book’s pages. You can also access options and prices for books ordered through Apple’s print service. • Hardcover button: Click this button to choose a large hardcover book format.
• Add Pages pop-up menu: Choose to add one or several pages to your book using this pop-up menu. Book Layout Controls Use the book layout controls to switch between content editing and layout editing modes, set text styles, display metadata with your images, apply a filter to change the look of your images, remove background images, and use the Send Backward and Bring Forward buttons to adjust the stacking order of images and text that overlap on a page.
Printing Buttons Use the printing buttons to print your book on a local printer and purchase books from Apple’s print vendor. • Print: Click this button to print your book’s pages. • Buy Book: Click this button to purchase a printed copy of your book from Apple’s print vendor. Page Size Controls Use the following controls to set how the book’s pages are displayed in the Book Layout Editor.
Heads-Up Displays Heads-up displays, or HUDs, are collections of related tools and controls contained in a floating window. You can move a HUD as far as your display screen extends. You can use HUDs in all the main window layouts and views as well as in Full Screen view. Inspector HUD The Inspector HUD provides access to three inspector panes: the Library pane, the Metadata pane, and the Adjustments pane. The controls in the Inspector HUD are the same as those in the inspectors in the Inspector pane.
µ To show the Inspector HUD Choose Window > Show Inspector HUD (or press H). Library button Always Show Inspector HUD control Adjustments button Metadata button • Library button: Click this button to open the Library pane. • Metadata button: Click this button to open the Metadata pane. • Adjustments button: Click this button to open the Adjustments pane. • Always Show Inspector HUD control: Click this control to always show the Inspector HUD on the screen when in Full Screen view.
Individual Adjustment Tool HUDs Many Aperture adjustment tools, including Lift, Stamp, Crop, and Red Eye work in conjunction with HUDs. µ To view the HUD for an adjustment tool Select the adjustment tool in the tool strip. To learn more about the adjustment tools, see An Overview of Image Adjustments and Making Image Adjustments. Brush HUD The Brush HUD provides controls for setting brush attributes, erasing brush strokes, and identifying brush strokes with overlays.
• Brush Action pop-up menu: Choose to apply the brushed adjustment to the entire image, invert the brush strokes, remove all brush strokes, display brush strokes as a color overlay, show a white mask with the brush strokes revealing the image underneath, show a black mask with the brush strokes revealing the image underneath, limit the brushed adjustment to the shadows of the image, limit the brushed adjustment to the midtones of the image, and limit the brush strokes to the highlights of the image.
• “Stack picks only” checkbox: Select this checkbox to prevent the search from querying within stacks. Only the picks of the stacks are made available to the search. The images within each stack are ignored. • Add Rule pop-up menu: Choose additional search options, such as date, EXIF and IPTC information, text, rating, and other metadata.
• Add Keyword button: Click this button to add a keyword to the keyword library of the Keywords HUD. • Add Subordinate Keyword button: Click this button to add a subordinate keyword, such as a keyword within a keyword group. • Remove Keyword button: Click this button to remove one or more selected keywords. • Import button: Click this button to import keywords into the Keywords HUD. • Export button: Click this button to export your Aperture keyword list as a tab-delimited text file.
Working with the Aperture Library 3 The basic components of Aperture, including libraries, projects, albums, and versions, provide the building blocks for working in a nondestructive environment. This chapter explains basic elements in Aperture and describes how to set up and use projects to hold your images. This chapter covers the following: • Basic Components of Aperture (p. 113) • Working with the Library Inspector (p. 121) • Working with Library Files (p. 131) • Working in Projects View (p.
• Managed and referenced images: Masters stored in the Aperture library are called managed images because Aperture manages the location of the image files in its database. Managed images are physically located in the Aperture Library file. You can also import images into Aperture without storing the masters in the library. Images that are not stored in the library are called referenced images.
In many cases, your workflow may call for different renderings of the same image. For example, a client may request a color as well as a black-and-white version of the same head shot. You can create multiple versions of the same image in Aperture at any time.
What Are Projects? You organize your masters and versions using projects. When you import images into Aperture, you assign them to a project. You can create as many projects as you like, up to the limitations of your disk space. For example, you can create a new project for each of your shoots. Or, if you do several shoots of the same subject, you can create a project that encompasses all of the shoots.
You can also create albums within projects to help you organize your images into relevant groups. For example, images in your Soccer project can be divided into three albums: Game 1, Game 2, and Game 3. Three albums created within one project You can also place versions from other projects into an album that resides within a project.
What Are Folders? In Aperture, you use folders to organize projects and albums. For example, you can import images into projects and then place the projects in folders based on photo type or location. If you shoot multiple projects for the same client, you can create a folder that holds the client’s individual projects. These folders organize projects based on type. Folders contain only albums, projects, and other folders. They don’t contain masters or versions.
When you back up your masters to your vaults on external drives, those actions are tracked by the Aperture library as well. For more information about backing up your library, see Backing Up Your Images. What Are Managed Images and Referenced Images? Aperture lets you choose how you organize your photos on disk. You can store your photos in the Aperture library, or you can import images by simply linking to the image files in their current locations, without placing them in the library.
To help you identify referenced images, Aperture marks them with a badge overlay that you can display or hide. When a referenced image’s master is missing or offline, its badge changes to show that the image is not accessible. For example, if you disconnect a hard disk that holds masters for many referenced images, Aperture automatically marks the referenced images in the Browser and Viewer as offline.
What Is a Vault? To ensure that you have backup copies of your images, you create a vault to hold the backup files. A vault is a container that holds an exact copy of the library. This includes projects, masters, and any versions you’ve created. You can easily create and update a vault to back up the library. It’s a good idea to create multiple vaults on multiple external hard disk drives to safeguard copies of the library. You can have as many vaults as you deem necessary.
Working with the Library There are several controls you use to work with items in the Library inspector. Library search field Library Action pop-up menu Disclosure triangle • Library search field: Enter text to search for items located in the Library inspector. • Disclosure triangle: Click to see all items within the library, a project, a folder, or the Trash. • Library Action pop-up menu: Add the selected item to a list of favorites or remove it from the favorites list.
When you click the disclosure triangle beside the library’s name in the Library inspector, the following items appear: • Projects: Select this item to have all the projects in the library appear in Projects view in place of the Browser and Viewer. Each project is represented by a single thumbnail. You can position the pointer over a project thumbnail and drag to quickly skim the images in the project.
• Trash: Select this item to see all the images in the library that have been deleted. The thumbnails for all deleted images appear in the Browser. Select a thumbnail in the Browser to view it in the Viewer. Click the disclosure triangle next to the Trash to view any items that have been deleted in the Library inspector. Select an item in the Trash to view its contents.
Creating and Naming Projects You can create projects at any time, although typically you create them when you import images. When you import images into the Aperture library and no project is selected, you are asked to create a new one. For more information about importing files and creating projects automatically, see Importing Images. To create a new project 1 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Project (or press Command-N). • Choose Project from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar.
Opening and Closing Items in the Library Inspector To work with images in Aperture, you first select an item in the Library inspector to open it in the Browser. You can open and work on more than one item at a time. You can open multiple items from the Library inspector, and each item appears in the Browser with its own tab; or you can open multiple items, and the contents of all items appear in a single Browser. You can click an item’s Browser tab to bring it to the front.
µ To open another item in its own pane Option-click an item in the Library inspector. Library items are identified by their tabs. The newly opened item appears in the Browser with its own tab and in its own pane. µ To switch among several open items In the Browser, click a project’s tab. µ To open multiple items in the same Browser Command-click multiple items in the Library inspector. The contents of each item selected in the Library inspector appear in the same Browser.
Very large photography projects, such as documentaries and sporting events, often consist of large numbers of captured images. You can always break one project into several should the need arise. As your library grows, you’ll need to reorganize your library’s structure to fit your particular workflow. µ To move an item in the Library inspector Select an item in the Library inspector, then drag it to a new location. The black box indicates where the item will be placed.
µ To view a favorite project, folder, or album In the Library inspector, choose Favorite Items from the search field pop-up menu at the top-left corner. Only the items in the library that have been chosen as favorites are shown. All other items in the Library inspector are removed from view. µ To remove a project, folder, or album as a favorite In the Library inspector, select a project, folder, or album, then choose Remove From Favorites from the Library Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon).
Merging Projects If you have created multiple projects and then later decide that the content spread among the multiple projects would be better suited in a single project, you can select the projects in the Library inspector and merge them into a single project. When you merge projects, the multiple projects are consolidated into the topmost selected project in the Library inspector.
µ To delete projects and folders Select a project or folder, then do one of the following: • Choose File > Delete [item] or press Command-Delete. • Drag the item to the Aperture Trash. The selected item is moved to the Trash in the Library inspector. If you delete an item in the Library inspector by mistake, it’s easy to fix. To move an item out of the Aperture Trash Do one of the following: µ µ Drag the item out of the Aperture Trash.
You can work with as many libraries as necessary and switch between them without having to quit and reopen Aperture. If your workflow calls for several unique libraries, you can switch between them on the fly. You can also check the contents of a library prior to importing it into the library that’s currently open. When the library file becomes large and requires more disk space than is available in its current location, you can move it to a hard disk with greater storage capacity.
To access a different Aperture library 1 Choose File > Switch to Library > [library filename]. 2 If the library you are looking for doesn’t appear in the Switch to Library submenu, choose Other. 3 In the dialog that appears, select the library you want to open from the list, then click Choose. Aperture opens the library you selected. You can also choose which library file to use when you open Aperture. To choose which library to use while opening Aperture 1 Hold down the Option key while opening Aperture.
• To open an Aperture library file not shown in the Choose an Aperture Library dialog: Click the Other Library button, locate the library file in the dialog that appears, then click Select. Aperture opens the selected library file. • To open a new, empty library: Click the Create New button, give the library a name in the Save As field, select a location for the library, then click Create. Aperture creates a new, empty library file and opens it.
6 Open Aperture on the second computer, and choose File > Switch to Library > [library filename]. You can now work with the exported library from the first computer on the second computer. When you’re ready to merge the modified library on the second computer into the library on the first computer, import it into the open library on the first computer.
Aperture imports the contents of the modified library from the second computer into the library of the first computer. Instead of overwriting the files that changed, Aperture adds the changed files as additional items. The items in the Library inspector imported from the second computer that have the same names are appended with (1). Working in Projects View Projects view provides a convenient space for organizing and quickly viewing your projects.
µ To open a project Double-click the project in Projects view. The project opens in the Browser. Creating New Projects in Projects View You can create new projects in Projects view. To create new projects 1 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Project (or press Command-N). • Control-click a project, then choose New Project from the shortcut menu. 2 In the dialog that appears, enter a name for the project in the Project Name field. 3 Click OK. The new empty project opens in the Browser.
2 In the dialog that appears, select the project or library that you want to merge into the project selected in Projects view, then click Import. The project or library is merged into the project selected in Projects view. For more information about merging libraries, see Merging Libraries. Setting the Key Photo for a Project You can set any image within a project as the key photo to represent that project in Projects view.
A slideshow of the images in the selected project plays. Press the Space bar to pause and play the slideshow, and the Escape key to stop the slideshow. For more information about slideshows, see Creating Slideshow Presentations. Organizing Projects in Projects View You can organize your projects by the year the images were created. If you organize your projects in folders in the Library inspector, you can group your projects by the folders they reside in.
For example, if you group projects by year, the number of projects and photos created in that year are displayed in the top-right corner of that year’s row. 2 Click the arrow button to filter Projects view to display only that year’s or folder’s projects. Arrow button Projects view displays the projects for the selected year or folder only. Click the All Projects button at the top of the main window in Projects view to display the projects for all years or folders.
All projects are removed from view except for the project or projects matching the name in the search field. Click the Cancel button in the search field to set Projects view to display all projects again. When you’ve located the project you want to work with, you can view the project’s images in the Browser. µ To view a project’s images in the Browser Double-click the project. The Browser replaces the Projects view and displays the selected project’s thumbnail images.
For more information about assigning location information using the Info HUD, see Assigning Location Information to Projects. µ To open the Info HUD in Projects view Click the Info button on a project’s thumbnail. Info button The Info HUD appears, displaying information about the selected project. µ To navigate through your projects using the Info HUD Click the navigation buttons at the bottom-right corner of the HUD.
3 When you locate the image you’re looking for, click the “Click to set key photo” button at the bottom of the thumbnail. “Click to set key photo” button The selected image is set as the key photo to represent the project. To enter descriptive information about a project 1 Select the project for which you want to add or change descriptive information. 2 In the Info HUD, enter descriptive information about the project in the Description field.
Importing Images 4 Aperture provides tools and workflow options that make it easy to import your images. You can import images directly from your digital camera or card reader, import images stored on your computer hard disk or other storage devices, and import your iPhoto library. You can also import audio and video files. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Importing Images (p. 145) • File Formats You Can Import into the Library (p. 146) • Planning Your Import Strategy (p.
As Aperture imports images, it generates a version file, preview, and thumbnail corresponding to each master. Import Aperture library (system disk) RAW & JPEG Importing to Aperture Camera Project Versions Masters Back up Vault (external drive) You can import masters directly from a digital camera or card reader and from your hard disk drives.
• JPEG • JPEG2000 • PNG • PSD (8- and 16-bit) • TIFF (8- and 16-bit) • BMP • DNG • RAW files from a variety of supported digital cameras • AIF • WAV • MOV Note: For a list of supported digital cameras, go to http://www.apple.com/aperture/specs. Planning Your Import Strategy Before you import images into Aperture, it’s a good idea to plan the organization of your images. Eventually your image library may contain many thousands of images that you’ll want organized in a flexible and easy-to-manage system.
• Try out the different methods for importing individual files into your system. You can import individual files, import files stored in folders, and drag files or folders from the Finder into Aperture. For more information, see Importing Images from the Finder via Drag and Drop and Importing Folders of Images from the Finder. After you’re familiar with Aperture, you can begin to create and organize your personal photo management system.
When you import images, Aperture automatically checks to see if any of the images are duplicates of previously imported images. Aperture checks the filename of the master to determine if an image is a duplicate of one in the library. Select the “Do not import duplicates” checkbox to prevent Aperture from importing duplicates. If this checkbox is unselected, Aperture imports all images, even if they are duplicates, and creates a new master with a different name for each duplicate.
Note: If iPhoto opens when you connect your camera or card reader, quit iPhoto. Then, in Aperture, choose Aperture > Preferences and click Import. Choose Aperture from the “When a camera is connected, open” pop-up menu. Disconnect and reconnect your camera to have Aperture open the Import browser.
• If you want to import the images into an existing project: Select the project in the Library inspector. The project selected in the Library inspector appears here. Selected project in the Library inspector The selected project appears in the Destination pop-up menu. 3 Choose a location to store the master image files by doing one of the following: • To store imported masters in the Aperture library: Choose “In the Aperture Library” from the Store Files pop-up menu.
5 Do one of the following: Check All button Uncheck All button • To import all images from the camera or card reader: If necessary, click the Check All button. The checkboxes for all the images in the Import browser are selected. • To import a subset of images from the camera or card reader: Select the checkboxes for the images you want to import.
Importing Image Files Stored on Your Computer or Connected Servers You can import image, audio, and video files stored on your computer and other storage devices. You have a choice of storing the imported files in the Aperture library; importing the files as referenced images, audio clips, and video clips and then leaving them in their current location; or importing the files as referenced images, audio clips, and video clips and then moving or copying them to a different location.
Your computer, connected servers, and connected storage devices are listed in the column on the left. Press Command-D to quickly select the desktop and Command-Shift-H to quickly access your Home folder. Select the folder of images you want to import. When you select the folder containing the files you want to import, thumbnail images appear in the Import browser representing the image, audio, and video files within it.
• If you want to import files into an existing project: Select the project in the Library inspector. The project selected in the Library inspector appears here. Selected project in the Library inspector The selected project appears in the Destination pop-up menu. 5 Do one of the following: Check All button Uncheck All button • To import all the files in the selected folder: If necessary, click the Check All button. The checkboxes for all the files in the Import browser are selected.
• To import a subset of files from the selected folder: Select the checkboxes for the files you want to import. If you only want to import a small number of files out of many, click the Uncheck All button to clear the checkboxes for all files, and then select the checkboxes for the files you want to import. Note: You can double-click a thumbnail image to see a larger version of the image if you want to verify its contents before importing it.
Adding Additional Import Options In the Import browser, you can add additional import options to refine how images are brought into Aperture. You add controls for additional import settings by choosing an option from the Import Settings pop-up menu. After you modify the import settings, you can remove them from view by deselecting the option in the Import Settings pop-up menu.
Basic metadata about the file selection appears above the Aperture Library controls in the Import browser. Note: When a photo with an attachment is selected, the duration of that attachment is displayed. If the selection is a movie or audio file, the duration is shown as well. Automatically Naming Your Imported Images The filenames given to images by the camera are often difficult to distinguish.
The Rename Files controls appear in the Import browser. 2 Do one of the following: • To apply a preset name format to your images as they are imported: Choose a preset name format from the Version Name pop-up menu. • To use the existing filenames: Choose None from the Version Name pop-up menu. • To create a new name format: Choose Edit from the Version Name pop-up menu. For more information about creating new name formats, see Creating Custom Name Formats.
Avoiding Special Characters The most conservative filenaming conventions provide the most cross-platform compatibility. This means that your filenames will work in different operating systems, such as Mac OS X and other UNIX-based operating systems, Mac OS 9, and Windows. You also need to consider filenaming when you transfer files via the Internet, where you can never be certain what computer platform your files may be stored on, even if temporarily.
• Custom Name • Counter (001, 002, 003, and so on) • Current Date • Current Time • Current Year • Current Month • Current Day To create a custom name format 1 In the Import browser, choose Rename Files from the Import Settings pop-up menu, then choose Edit from the Version Name pop-up menu. The File Naming dialog appears. 2 Click the Add (+) button to create a new name format, or select the preset name format you want to change.
When using a counter in your name format, you can specify the starting number and the number of digits, from one to six, that appear in the counter. When you use a preset name format with a counter, make sure to reset the initial starting number, if necessary. Otherwise, on the next import, Aperture will continue numbering the imported images starting from the last number of the previous import.
Adjusting the Image File’s Time When Importing On a trip, it’s easy to forget to update your camera’s clock to match the local time zone. If you didn’t synchronize your camera time to the new location, Aperture lets you correct the time assigned to the image file by whole hours when importing. To adjust image file capture time when importing 1 In the Import browser, choose Time Zone from the Import Settings pop-up menu. The Time Zone controls appear in the Import browser.
2 Do one of the following: • To show the metadata fields for a metadata preset: Choose a metadata preset from the Metadata pop-up menu. • If you don’t want to modify the metadata of the images during import: Choose None from the Metadata pop-up menu. • To create a new metadata preset: Choose Manage Presets from the Metadata pop-up menu. For more information about creating new metadata presets, see Working with Metadata Presets.
When you apply an adjustment preset during import, Aperture applies the adjustment preset uniformly to every image it imports until it is turned off. You can edit the adjustment preset that you want to frequently apply to your images by choosing Edit Presets from the Preset pop-up menu. For more information, see Working with Adjustment Presets. µ To turn off image adjustments during import In the Adjustment Presets controls, choose None from the Preset pop-up menu.
About Audio Attachments An audio file is imported into Aperture as an attachment when the audio file’s name matches the image file’s name. For example, when you import “file.nef” and “file.wav,” Aperture imports the .wav file attached to the .nef raw image file. Audio files are automatically attached during all types of import: from a connected camera or card reader, from internal and external hard disk drives, as well as via drag and drop.
If you import only the JPEG files and then later decide you want to download the RAW files as well, you can have Aperture identify and import the RAW files that match the JPEG files in your Aperture library. To import the RAW files that match the JPEG files in your Aperture library 1 Choose “Matching RAW files” from the Import pop-up menu. The Include pop-up menu appears below the Import pop-up menu.
Note: The AppleScript action is only applied to the current import operation. µ To stop AppleScript actions from automatically starting after import Click the Clear button. Resetting Your Import Settings The import settings you set in the Import browser remain in effect from import session to import session, regardless of whether or not they are shown. However, you can quickly reset the import settings to their defaults.
Capturing Images as You Work For certain kinds of shoots, such as product shoots done within your office studio, you may want to immediately see test shots on your computer to check on lighting and other production factors. You can connect your camera directly to your computer and have each shot immediately appear in an Aperture project as you shoot. You can review an image in detail, make production changes, and then shoot and immediately see the results again.
4 Specify import settings. For more information about the import settings, see Importing from Your Digital Camera or Card Reader. 5 Click Start Session. The Tether HUD appears. 6 Do one of the following: • To begin the capture session: Click Capture. • To stop capturing images: Click Stop Session.
4 Choose a naming convention from the Version Name pop-up menu to specify how you want the images named. For example, choose Master Filename from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your files stored using the current master filenames from your camera or card. Choose a name format from the Version Name pop-up menu to have your images stored using a specified name. If you choose a custom name format, enter a name in the Name Text field.
If you decide not to import your iPhoto library right away, you can do it later. To import your iPhoto library 1 Choose File > Import > iPhoto Library. 2 Select the iPhoto library in the dialog that appears. 3 Choose a location for the imported images by doing one of the following: • To store imported masters in the Aperture library: Choose “In the Aperture Library” from the Store Files pop-up menu.
If you store the photos imported from your iPhoto library in the Aperture library, Aperture makes a copy of each image file and places it in the Aperture library. This doubles the amount of disk space the image files occupy on your computer. To save space, you can import the photos in your iPhoto library as referenced images. You can also delete images from your iPhoto library after importing them, but you will no longer have access to those images within iPhoto.
To open the iPhoto Browser and select images 1 Choose File > Import > Show iPhoto Browser (or press Option-I). 2 Select the iPhoto roll or folder that you want to browse. You can display larger previews of the thumbnails in the iPhoto Browser. When you double-click an image, it appears in the Preview window. You can reposition the window and resize it as needed. Drag here to resize the Preview window. Click these buttons to display the next or previous image.
Controls for additional search criteria appear below the search field. Add button 2 Do one of the following: • To locate images that match all of the search criteria: Choose All from the “of the following are true” pop-up menu. • To locate images that match any of the search criteria: Choose Any from the “of the following are true” pop-up menu. • To exclude images that match the search criteria: Choose None from the “of the following are true” pop-up menu.
To create a folder name format, you select the name elements in the Folder Naming Presets dialog. You can specify a combination of name elements to create custom folder names.
The Folder Naming dialog appears. 2 Click the Add (+) button to create a new name format, or select the preset name format you want to change. 3 Drag name elements into the Format field in the order you want them to appear. 4 Drag a slash between the elements where you want subfolders created. 5 Enter a custom name in the Custom Name field, if you like. 6 Click OK. Your new folder name format now appears in the Subfolders pop-up menu.
You can open and see the contents of the Aperture Library file in the Finder by Control-clicking the file and choosing Show Package Contents. However, it’s not recommended that you access or work with your masters in this way because you risk interfering with the Aperture library. Warning: You should always back up and work with your managed images and projects from within the Aperture application.
If necessary, you can preview the selected audio file by clicking the Play button. Audio file Attach button Play button The audio attachment is added to the image, and the audio file’s thumbnail disappears from the Browser. A badge appears on the lower-right portion of the image, indicating that an audio file is attached. For more information about playing audio attachments, see Viewing and Changing Metadata in the Metadata Inspector and Inspector HUD.
Reprocessing Images from Previous Versions of Aperture Aperture provides image processing algorithms that deliver improved image quality. With improved default rendering of RAW images from supported cameras, Aperture 3 provides significantly enhanced image quality with improvements in noise reduction, sharpening, and highlights recovery.
3 In the dialog that appears, select the appropriate reprocessing criteria, then click the Reprocess Photos button. The image files are reprocessed from the earlier image process to Aperture 3 image processing, according to the criteria you specified. You can also reprocess all the images in a selected project, book, slideshow, webpage, web journal, Light Table album, album, or Smart Album. To reprocess a project or album 1 In the Library inspector, select a project or album.
To reprocess every image in the library 1 In the Library inspector, select the Photos item. Photos item 2 Choose Photos > Reprocess Masters. 3 In the dialog that appears, select the appropriate reprocessing criteria, then click the Reprocess Photos button. Every image in the library is reprocessed using Aperture 3 image processing. Important: Reprocessing thousands of image files to Aperture 3 can be a lengthy operation.
Working with Images in the Browser 5 After a shoot, you may need to sort through hundreds or even thousands of images in a project. Aperture provides efficient methods for increasing your productivity when working with large numbers of images. You use the Browser to select and work with images in a project. The Browser provides the principal environment for viewing, selecting, and working with images.
• Using the Loupe to Check the Focus of Images in the Browser (p. 212) • Displaying Specific Metadata with Your Images (p. 213) An Overview of the Browser When you select a project, folder, or album in the Library inspector, thumbnails of its images appear in the Browser. You select images in the Browser to work with them. You can move and rearrange images, rotate images, make new versions, and delete images from a project.
When you select filmstrip view, the Browser changes to a single row of images that you can select and navigate through, and selected images appear in the Viewer. Viewer Browser in filmstrip view Grid view organizes thumbnails of your images in a grid pattern. Use grid view when it’s easiest to identify your images by sight and work with thumbnails as you organize, stack, or assign keywords to images. List view displays a list of your images with associated file information.
You can also customize the information that appears with your images. For example, you can set your images to appear with the filename as well as the IPTC data and EXIF data. You can change what information appears in the Browser in grid view, list view, and filmstrip view by customizing the Metadata options in the Preferences window. For more information, see Displaying Specific Metadata with Your Images.
µ Choose Window > Show Control Bar to display the control bar. In the control bar, click the Move Selection Left or Move Selection Right button. Move Selection Left Move Selection Right Selecting Images Aperture provides fast and efficient ways of selecting images, depending on your work style and preferences. You can select images in the following ways. Task Action Select a single image • Click the image. • Press the arrow keys to navigate to the image.
Task Action Select a different compare image • Select the image you want as a compare image, then press Return. Select all images in the Browser • Choose Edit > Select All (or press Command-A). Select only the primary image, deselecting all others • Choose Edit > Reduce Selection (or press Shift-E). Deselect all images in the Browser • Choose Edit > Deselect All (or press Command-Shift-A). • Click the gray background of the Browser.
To switch to filmstrip view Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Browser > Filmstrip (or press Control-F). Click the Filmstrip View button in the Browser. Filmstrip View button Note: The main window must be set to the Split View layout in order to access the filmstrip in the Browser. When the main window is set to Browser, the Filmstrip View button disappears. To shuttle continuously through the images in a project Do one of the following: µ µ Drag the Shuttle control.
For more information about setting the Aperture main window to show the Browser by itself, see Choosing a Workspace View. Shuttle control Scroll bar Thumbnail Resize slider To switch to grid view Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Browser > Grid (or press Control-G). Click the Grid View button in the Browser. Grid View button µ To adjust the thumbnail size Drag the Thumbnail Resize slider to increase or decrease the size of the thumbnails.
Depending on your work preferences, you may want to lighten or darken the background that your thumbnails appear against in the Browser. The darker the background, the less it interferes with the colors in your image. It’s a good idea to set the background to a dark color when performing color adjustments to your images. You can darken the background from shades of gray all the way to black, or lighten it from gray to white.
2 In the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog, choose a list view option from the View pop-up menu. Disclosure triangle 3 In the Metadata Fields column, click the disclosure triangles next to the main groups of metadata to reveal the options within them. 4 Specify the type of metadata that appears in list view by selecting the checkboxes corresponding to each type. Deselect the checkboxes for metadata items you want to remove.
The order of metadata selections in the Display Order column from top to bottom corresponds to the order of columns in the Browser in list view from left to right. Moving an item up in the Display Order column moves the metadata column to the left in list view. “Badges” is moved and will appear after “Keywords.” 6 When you are satisfied with your metadata selections and the order in which they will be displayed in list view, click OK.
µ To sort images in list view by a category Click the category column heading in the Browser. Images in list view sorted by date When you work in list view, it may sometimes be difficult to determine the content of an image based on the file information. You can enlarge the thumbnail icons that appear in list view to give you a better look at the images. µ To enlarge the thumbnail icons in list view Drag the Thumbnail Resize slider to increase or decrease the size of the icons.
To work with the Viewer only Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Viewer. Click the Viewer button in the toolbar. Tip: To quickly change workspace views, press the V key repeatedly until you see the view you want to work in. When you work with the Browser and Viewer together, you can reposition the Browser on the screen. For example, you can rotate the Browser to the side. You can also swap the position of the Viewer and Browser.
To speed up the access and display of images, you can turn on Quick Preview mode. In Quick Preview mode, Aperture displays preview images only, without reading the larger masters. You can use Quick Preview mode to rapidly switch among and select images. For example, you might use Quick Preview mode to quickly select and stack images, add keywords, or change other metadata. When using Quick Preview mode, however, there are some things you can’t do, such as make adjustments to images.
µ To search for an image in the Browser Enter text associated with that image in the Browser’s search field. µ To see all your images again Click the search field’s Reset button (with an X) or delete the text in the search field. Important: You can use keyboard shortcuts to quickly implement a search that displays images with specific ratings or images that have a specific keyword.
To set the Browser to show flagged images only 1 In the Library inspector, select an item. 2 In the Browser, choose Flagged from the search field pop-up menu. To set the Browser to show images assigned a specific color label 1 In the Library inspector, select an item. 2 In the Browser, choose a color label from the search field pop-up menu. Rearranging Images in the Browser As you work with images in the Browser, you can move and rearrange them into any order or grouping you like.
Sorting Images You can change the order of images in the Browser based on image properties such as filename, file size, date, color label, rating, and more. For example, when displaying images by filename, Aperture places the images in alphabetical order. You might also order the images by date or time. You choose the sort property from the Sorting pop-up menu in grid view, list view, and filmstrip view. Choose the sort property and direction from the Sorting pop-up menu.
µ Select the Rotate tool in the tool strip, then Option-click the image to rotate the image clockwise. To rotate groups of selected images Do one of the following: µ Select a group of images, then choose Photos > Rotate Counterclockwise, or press the Left Bracket ([) key, or Photos > Rotate Clockwise, or press the Right Bracket (]) key. µ Select a group of images, then click the Rotate tool in the tool strip.
If you create multiple versions of an image, Aperture groups the versions in a stack. The stack represents all the versions of a particular image that you've created. You can open the stack and see the different versions. For example, you might open a stack of versions and select a specific image version to duplicate. The entire stack appears in all the projects or albums in which the image appears. µ To open a stack to see all the versions Click the Stack button on the stack.
The deleted version is moved to the Aperture Trash. For more information about the Aperture Trash, see Working with the Aperture Trash. If you delete the last version in a version stack, Aperture asks whether you want to delete the master. If you confirm that you want to delete the master, the master is moved to the Aperture Trash. When an image is represented in the Browser by a single version, you can select the version and delete it, and the corresponding master is deleted as well.
Dragging Images into Different Projects and Albums You can drag images into different projects and albums. Depending on where you drag an image, Aperture either moves or copies the image to the new location. As a general rule, when you drag an image into a different project, Aperture moves the image into the new project. When you drag an image into a different album, Aperture creates a duplicate version of the image and places it in the album.
For example, choose Version Name from the Version Name Format pop-up menu to have your master filenames changed to match the names of the corresponding versions in Aperture. If you choose a custom name format, enter the name you want in the Custom Name text field. For more information about naming files, see Automatically Naming Your Imported Images. 4 Select the Apply to Master File(s) checkbox, then click OK. The master files corresponding to the selected images are renamed.
Identifying Referenced Images After you import referenced images, you can identify them in the Browser by turning on referenced image badge overlays. Referenced images appear with badges that show whether their masters are currently available (online) or not found (offline). This badge overlay indicates the image is an offline referenced image. These badge overlays indicate the images are referenced images.
2 Choose File > Locate Referenced Files. The Referenced Files In Selection dialog appears. This column shows the names of hard disks where referenced masters are located. This column identifies the hard disk location of the referenced masters. The specific image and metadata to help you identify the file are displayed here. These columns identify how many masters for referenced images are on the hard disk, and how many are not found.
A Finder window appears, displaying the selected referenced image’s master. Note: If you open a referenced image’s master from the Finder in another application, you won’t see the changes or adjustments you’ve made to the image in Aperture. Your changes appear in versions stored in the Aperture library, and the referenced image’s master is always left unchanged. To see the adjusted photo, you need to export a version of it.
4 If necessary, click the Show Reconnect Options button. Select the volume you want here, and navigate to the location of the file on the hard disk. 5 At the top of the dialog, select the file path for the master that you want to reconnect. A thumbnail of the image and some identifying metadata appear. 6 In the bottom half of the dialog, navigate to the location of the referenced image’s master on the hard disk and select the master.
Relocating Referenced Masters You can easily move masters for referenced images (referenced masters) to new locations on the same hard disk or a different hard disk. For example, if you use several hard disks, you might want to move the masters they contain to a convenient location on a different hard disk. To move masters for referenced images to a new location 1 In the Browser, select the referenced images whose masters you want to move. 2 Choose File > Relocate Masters.
Copying, Moving, and Deleting Referenced Images You can copy, move, and delete referenced images in your Aperture projects using the same procedures you use for other Aperture versions and masters. When you copy a version of a referenced image in Aperture, a new version is created and tracked in the Aperture library. No new files are recorded on the hard disk in the location of the referenced image’s master.
4 Deselect any checkboxes that aren’t part of your query, and choose the search criteria from the “File status” pop-up menu. Select the “File status” checkbox and choose the file status you want to search for. 5 Choose Any from the Any/All pop-up menu, if it’s not already chosen. The images that match the search criteria are displayed in the Browser.
Working with Stacks in the Browser The primary place you work with stacks is in the Browser. A stack appears in the Browser as a group of images. The image that represents the stack, called the pick, is selected and displayed on the left. You can select any image in the stack as the pick, and it moves to the leftmost position in the stack. You can rearrange the order of images in a stack. For example, you might choose an alternate image and position it next to the pick.
The Loupe appears. Loupe Loupe pop-up menu 2 Drag the Loupe over a thumbnail image in the Browser. If you drag within the Loupe, a circle appears that targets the area to be magnified. A magnified view of the portion of the image that the Loupe is placed over appears within the Loupe. For more information about working with the Loupe, such as increasing and decreasing its diameter and magnification, see Viewing Images with the Loupe.
You use the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog to customize the display of information shown with images in the Browser. For more information about changing the type of metadata that appears in overlays in the Browser, see Specifying the Type of Metadata to Display in the Viewer and Browser. To turn the display of metadata on or off in the Browser Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Metadata Display > [Browser] Show Metadata (or press U).
µ To turn on metadata tooltips Press T. Metadata tooltip Press T again to turn metadata tooltips off. For more information about displaying metadata with your images, see Working with Metadata.
Displaying Images in the Viewer 6 The Viewer displays a detailed view of the image or images selected in the Browser. You can view one image in incredible detail or view several images at a time. You use the Viewer to make adjustments, closely compare similar images, and inspect images at full resolution. If you use a dual-display system, you can set the Viewer to show your images on both screens to provide stunning, full-detail views.
An Overview of the Viewer When you select images in the Browser, the Viewer immediately displays a detailed view of your selection. You can display one image at a time, three images at a time, or any selection of multiple images. A detailed view of the selected image appears in the Viewer.
When rating or adjusting images, you can set the Viewer to compare two images at once. You select an image to compare against and then display other similar or related images next to it for inspection. You might use the Aperture comparison feature to select images from a series or compare versions of adjusted images to see which is best. You can use the Viewer to compare two images.
You can use the software Loupe to magnify part of an image, perhaps to see the effect of removing blemishes or sharpening. You can position the Loupe over different portions of an image and see the magnified view. The Loupe shows a magnified view of whatever is beneath it.
Depending on the size of your display and Viewer, images may be displayed at a reduced size to fit in the Viewer. Aperture can display your images at full resolution, pixel for pixel, which can create images larger than can fit on your display’s screen. Displaying an image at full resolution allows you to examine the image exactly as it was recorded and see the precise effects of your adjustments and changes.
µ Click the Viewer button in the toolbar. To hide the Viewer Do one of the following: µ µ µ Choose View > Browser. Click the Browser button in the toolbar. To switch between views Press V. Changing the Viewer Background Depending on your work preferences, you might want to lighten or darken the background that your images appear against in the Viewer. You can darken the background from shades of gray all the way to black, or lighten it from gray to white.
When the Viewer is set to show three images at a time, Aperture displays the selected image in the center of the three images that appear in the Viewer. µ To display three images Choose View > Main Viewer > Three Up (or press Option-H). Comparing Images You can select an image against which to compare other images in your project or in the library. The selected image remains on the screen as you select and display other images to compare against it.
To view an image against a compare image Do one of the following: µ µ Select a second image. Navigate through the images in the Browser with the Up Arrow, Down Arrow, Left Arrow, and Right Arrow keys. µ To set the alternate image as the compare image and navigate to the next image Press Return. µ To turn off the comparison feature and select the compare image Choose Edit > Select Compare Item (or press Option-Return).
To show the Loupe Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Show Loupe, or press the Grave Accent (`) key. Click the Loupe button in the toolbar. The Loupe appears. Loupe Loupe pop-up menu µ µ To hide the Loupe Choose View > Hide Loupe, or press the Grave Accent (`) key. Click the Loupe button in the toolbar. Moving the Loupe You can move the Loupe by dragging it to different locations over an image. To move the Loupe Do one of the following: µ µ Drag the Loupe’s handle. Drag within the Loupe.
Using the Pointer to Magnify Parts of an Image You can leave the Loupe stationary and set it to magnify the portion of the image at the position of the pointer. Using the pointer to magnify the image is useful when you don’t want the Loupe to cover up the area of the image you want to magnify. The Loupe shows a magnified view of the portion of the image at the position of the pointer.
To decrease the size of the Loupe Do one of the following: µ Choose View > Loupe Options > Decrease Diameter, or press Shift-Option-Underscore (_). µ Push the grip on the Loupe’s handle in. µ To change the Loupe’s magnification by defined amounts Choose a magnification level from the Loupe pop-up menu. Choose a magnification level here.
Displaying a Pixel Grid and Color Values You can have the Loupe display the image as a grid of pixels that shows the actual pixel composition of the image, allowing you to see the individual pixel values at high magnification (400 percent or higher). You can also set the Loupe to display readings of the color values of the image, showing the RGB (%), RGB (8-bit), Lab, CMYK, HSB, or HSL values chosen for the Color meter.
For more information about color values, see Using the Color Meter and Displaying Camera Information. Using the Alternate Loupe You can also use an alternate Loupe to examine parts of an image. You position the small ring of the alternate Loupe over the portion of the image you want to see, and the large ring shows a magnified view. It’s useful for making quick checks for dust specks, flaws, fingerprints, or other issues. You can use the alternate Loupe on any image or thumbnail in the Aperture library.
µ To increase the size of the alternate Loupe Choose View > Loupe Scaling > Increase Diameter, or press Shift–Option–Plus Sign (+). µ To increase the magnification of the alternate Loupe Press Command–Shift–Plus Sign (+). Press these keys repeatedly to continue to increase magnification. µ To decrease the magnification of the alternate Loupe Press Command-Shift-Underscore (_). Press these keys repeatedly to continue to decrease magnification.
When an image doesn’t fit within the area of the Viewer, a small gray navigation box appears on the right side of the image. This box contains a small version of the entire image and a white rectangle within indicates which part of the image is currently visible in the Viewer. You can drag the white rectangle over the miniature image to see other parts of the image, also known as panning.
To display the master image for a selected version Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Show Master Image (or press M). Click the Show Master button in the tool strip. Show Master button Listening to Audio and Viewing Video in the Viewer If you have imported audio and video files into Aperture, you can use the Viewer to review and edit them.
3 In the Viewer, do one of the following: • If you selected an audio clip: Audio controls with the audio clip’s filename appear in the Viewer. Click the Play button to listen to the audio clip, and use the playhead to navigate forward and backward. Play button Trim button Playhead • If you selected a video clip: The video clip appears in the Viewer. Move the pointer over the Viewer, and the video controls appear.
4 Drag the Start point to the beginning of the audio you plan to use, and drag the End point to the position where you want the audio to end. Drag the Start and End points to trim the audio. The Trim button turns yellow, indicating that the length of the audio clip has changed. 5 When you are satisfied with the length of the audio clip, click the Trim button. The audio clip is trimmed.
Note: If you move the pointer away from the Trim controls, they disappear. Move the pointer over the lower portion of the Viewer to show them again. 5 Drag the Start point to the beginning of the video you plan to use, and drag the End point to the position where you want the video to end. Drag the Start and End points to trim the video. The Trim button turns yellow, indicating that the length of the video clip has changed. 6 When you are satisfied with the length of the video clip, click the Trim button.
Displaying Metadata Associated with Images To help identify your images as you work with them, you can set Aperture to display the metadata associated with images in the Viewer. You can display keywords, ratings, EXIF information, IPTC information, and more. You can specify whether the information appears below the image or across the bottom of the image. You can also specify up to two views of information to be displayed with images in the Viewer.
When your system uses two displays, Aperture provides two Viewers in which you can view multiple images. These Viewers are called the Main Viewer and the Secondary Viewer. The Main Viewer is used for displaying the Aperture application, and the Secondary Viewer for viewing images. The Secondary Viewer has the following settings: • Mirror: Displays the same images in the Main Viewer and the Secondary Viewer.
Showing Hot and Cold Areas in Your Images Images may occasionally have overly bright areas where color information is beyond the standard limits of the Aperture working color space. For example, white areas in an image brightly lit with direct sunlight, or bright flashes off a water surface, may be so bright that their color is outside the working color space. Similarly, images may occasionally have black areas where color information is below the standard limits of the working color space.
3 Drag the Cold Area Display Threshold slider to the right to increase the sensitivity to shadow pixels, and to the left to decrease it. Setting Up the Viewer for Onscreen Proofing Images displayed on your computer screen may look different when displayed on computer screens that use different color technologies. Your images may also reproduce differently in print depending on the type of printer, the paper used, and the color profile of the printing device.
You can set Aperture to create and maintain previews automatically as you add or modify versions, or you can create previews manually whenever you need them. To maintain an efficient use of disk space and adequate display speed, you can control the size of previews, from a preview image that has the full-size dimensions of the master down to a preview image that is 1280 pixels in the longest dimension. You can also control the JPEG compression quality of the previews.
µ To open Aperture preferences Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Previews. The Previews pane appears. • “New projects automatically generate previews” checkbox: Select this checkbox to have Aperture automatically build and maintain previews for new projects you create in the current library (and, by extension, in new libraries). This checkbox sets the Maintain Previews For Project setting (described in Controlling Previews with the Library Action Pop-Up Menu) for each new project as it is created.
To have Aperture automatically update previews in a single project only 1 In the Library inspector, select the projects whose images you want to maintain previews for. 2 Choose Maintain Previews For Project from the Library Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). A checkmark appears next to the Maintain Previews For Project menu command. Aperture will now automatically update previews when images are imported into the projects, as well as when versions are created or adjusted.
2 Control-click the image selection, then choose Delete Previews from the shortcut menu. To update JPEG previews for an image selection 1 In the Browser, select an image or group of images whose JPEG previews you want to update. 2 Control-click the image selection, then choose Update Previews from the shortcut menu. You can also force the rebuilding of previews for an image selection.
Rescheduling JPEG Preview Maintenance Preview maintenance can be rescheduled for projects in which automatic preview maintenance is turned off. To reschedule JPEG preview maintenance Do one of the following: µ In the Library inspector, select the project whose JPEG previews you want to start updating again, then choose Photos > Update Previews. µ Control-click the project, then choose Update Previews from the shortcut menu.
If you encounter performance issues, you can check the Activity window to see if Aperture is doing work in the background (choose Window > Show Activity). If you think that preview processing may be degrading performance, you can turn off automatic preview maintenance for that project and cancel the preview processing task underway. You can then generate the previews at a more convenient time.
Generating Previews for New or Active Projects Because previews are used by the iLife and iWork Media Browsers as well as by the Mac OS X screen saver, you can use previews as a way to distribute your Aperture pictures in movies, on the web, on DVDs, in slideshows, and in podcasts using the applications in iLife. You can also download your Aperture pictures to devices such as iPod, iTouch, and iPhone; import your Aperture pictures into iPhoto; or use them to create Pages documents.
Turning Previews Off If your workflow does not benefit from previews, you can turn them off completely. To turn off previews 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Previews. 2 Deselect the “New projects automatically generate previews” checkbox. This step turns off automatic preview maintenance for any new projects that you create.
Displaying Offline Referenced Images When a master is offline or cannot be found, Aperture draws the thumbnail image first, and then the preview if it is present. Because the preview is high quality, you can zoom and even use the Loupe. Suppressing Preview Generation When Opening Aperture When Aperture opens, it begins updating previews for those projects whose Maintain Previews For Project setting is turned on.
Viewing Images in Full Screen View 7 Full Screen view’s large viewing space and black background provide an excellent work area for viewing and adjusting your images without distraction. Full Screen view provides access to most of the tools and HUDs in Aperture. You use Full Screen view’s filmstrip and toolbar to move through and rate your images. You can also use the Aperture HUDs in Full Screen view to adjust, retouch, and add metadata to your images.
You can use any of the Aperture HUDs in Full Screen view. You can open the Inspector HUD or Keywords HUD by pressing its keyboard shortcut. In fact, you’ll find it convenient to use keyboard shortcuts for most features you use in Full Screen view. For more information about keyboard shortcuts you can use, see the Aperture 3 Keyboard Shortcuts card that came with Aperture.
• Browser mode is similar to the working layout you see when the Browser is set to grid view in the Aperture main window. The search field and Filter HUD are accessible for filtering images, and the Library Path Navigator pop-up menus provide access to all the items in the Library inspector. For more information about Browser mode, see Working in Browser Mode in Full Screen View.
• Projects mode is similar to the Projects view in the Aperture main window. Each project is displayed as a thumbnail image. You can group projects by the year the images were created or by the folders in which they reside in the Library inspector. For more information about Projects mode, see Working in Projects Mode in Full Screen View. Entering and Exiting Full Screen View You can quickly switch between Full Screen view and your workspace layout in the Aperture main window.
µ To exit Full Screen view Click the Exit Full Screen button in the Full Screen view toolbar (or press F). Exit Full Screen button in the toolbar The workspace view you were working in before entering Full Screen view reappears. Working in Viewer Mode in Full Screen View When you first enter Full Screen view, the Viewer mode is shown. Viewer mode is similar to the Split View layout in the Aperture main window; however, the images are displayed in high resolution against a solid background.
The filmstrip also includes a control that lets you define when the filmstrip appears. You can choose to always show the filmstrip, so that Aperture automatically fits the images and filmstrip on your screen without overlapping, or you can hide it, so that it appears only when you place the pointer over the area where it is docked. µ To always show the filmstrip Move the Always Show Filmstrip control to the locked position.
By default, the filmstrip is set to show images that are unrated or better. Any images that have been assigned the Reject rating are automatically removed from view. To view rejected images, you must set the filmstrip to show all images. µ To set the filmstrip to show all images In the filmstrip, choose Show All from the search field pop-up menu. All images, including rejects, appear in the filmstrip, and Showing All appears in the filmstrip’s search field.
You can also have the toolbar always appear on the screen by clicking the Always Show Toolbar control in the toolbar. For information about individual controls in the Full Screen view toolbar, see Controls in the Full Screen View Toolbar. Working in Browser Mode in Full Screen View You can set Full Screen view to switch between Viewer mode and Browser mode. Browser mode displays thumbnail images in a grid over a black background with minimal color interference.
To navigate through images Do one of the following: µ µ Press an arrow key to move left, right, up, or down. Use the scroll bar to scroll through the images, then click the image you want to work with. You select and search for images in Browser mode in the same way you select and search for them when the Browser is set to grid view in the main Aperture window. For more information about selecting images, see Selecting Images.
µ To switch Full Screen view from Projects mode to Browser mode Double-click a project’s thumbnail. Full Screen view switches to Browser mode. Using HUDs in Full Screen View You can use any of the Aperture HUDs in Full Screen view. For example, you can open a HUD when you want to add keywords or make adjustments to images. HUDs are available for use in Full Screen view and can make adjusting images easier.
To show or hide the Keywords HUD Do one of the following: µ Click the Keywords HUD button in the toolbar. Use the Keywords HUD in Full Screen view to quickly add keywords to your images. µ Press Shift-H. For more information about using the Keywords HUD, see Applying Keywords to Images. Inspector HUD Use the Inspector HUD to navigate through the library, modify metadata in your images, and perform adjustments.
µ Press H. You can temporarily hide the Inspector HUD while performing an image adjustment, so that you have an unobstructed view of your image as you adjust it. µ To temporarily hide the Inspector HUD while making an adjustment Hold down the Shift key while dragging a slider in the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. When you release the Shift key, the Inspector HUD reappears. Tool HUDs Many of the adjustment tools work in conjunction with HUDs, and you can use all of them in Full Screen view.
Although the menus are not available in Full Screen view, you can change the display of metadata using the same keyboard shortcuts used to change the display of metadata in the Browser and Viewer. µ To turn the display of metadata on or off in Full Screen view Press Y. µ To switch between metadata views for images in Full Screen view Press Shift-Y. µ To hide or show metadata in the filmstrip and the Full Screen view Browser mode Press U.
Stacking Images and Making Picks 8 Photographers frequently shoot a series of related photos with the aim of selecting one image for use. Aperture makes it simple to choose the best image out of a series by allowing you to group related images into sets, called stacks, that are easy to review, work with, and select final picks from. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Stacking Images (p. 263) • Creating Stacks (p. 265) • Working with Stacks (p.
A stack appears in the Browser as a group of images. The image that represents the stack, called the pick, is selected and displayed on the left. You can select any image in the stack as the pick, and it moves to the leftmost position in the stack. You can rearrange the order of images in a stack. For example, you might choose an alternate image and position it next to the pick. A Stack button appears in the upper-left corner of the pick image in the stack, indicating the number of images in the stack.
Creating Stacks You can create stacks in two ways: you can specify that Aperture create stacks automatically, or you can create stacks manually. For example, if you shoot a series of images in quick succession (such as at a sports event) or if you bracket images to allow for differences in lighting or exposure, you most likely will want to view those images together. Aperture can stack those images based on metadata recorded by the camera as the series of pictures is taken.
3 In the Auto-Stack Images HUD, drag the slider to specify the maximum interval for successive shots in a stack. Move the slider to indicate the maximum interval for successive shots. As you drag the slider, the images in the Browser are stacked according to the interval of time specified. For example, if you typically shoot a series of related images in 15-second intervals, set the slider to 15 seconds. 4 Inspect the stacks to determine if the time interval should be shortened or lengthened.
2 Choose Stacks > Stack (or press Command-K). The Stack button appears on the current pick image. The selected images are now stacked and have a dark gray box around them. The selected images are now stacked and appear linked in gray. The Stack button appears as an overlay on the top-left portion of the current pick image in the Browser. You can change the pick image and rearrange the order of the images in the stack as you wish. You can unstack a selection of images, if you need to.
To close a stack Do one of the following: µ µ Select an open stack, then choose Stacks > Close Stack (or press Shift-K). Click the Stack button on the pick image. Only the pick image is shown when the stack is closed. µ To close all stacks Choose Stacks > Close All Stacks, or press Option-Semicolon (;). To open a stack Do one of the following: µ µ µ Select a closed stack, then choose Stacks > Open Stack (or press Shift-K). Click the Stack button on the pick image.
Designating an Album Pick for a Stack The same stack may appear in several albums. Depending on the purpose of the album, you may want a different pick image for each album. For example, a stack in a webpage album may have one pick image, and the same stack in a book album may have a different pick image adjusted for printing. You can designate a specific image in a stack to be an “album pick”—the pick for the stack within a specific album. Each album can have a different album pick for the stack.
To add an image to a stack Do one of the following: µ Select the images in a stack and the image you want to add to the stack, then choose Stacks > Stack (or press Command-K). µ Drag the image into an expanded stack. To remove an image from a stack Do one of the following: µ µ Select the image, then choose Stacks > Extract Item (or press Shift-Option-K). Drag the image out of an expanded stack. Splitting Stacks You can split a stack into multiple stacks to refine the organization of your images.
The selected image becomes the pick of the new stack. Dragging Stacks You can drag an entire stack to a new location, and you can drag specific images within a stack to a new location. When a stack is closed, dragging the stack moves the entire stack. When a stack is open, you can drag individual images to new locations in the Browser. You can also drag images into a stack. If you drag an image within a stack into a different project, however, the entire stack moves to the new location.
µ To select another stack Press the Up Arrow and Down Arrow keys. µ To promote the alternate image in the stack Press Command–Left Bracket ([). µ To demote the alternate image in the stack Press Command–Right Bracket (]). µ To set the alternate image as the stack pick image Press Command–Backslash (\). Working with Stacks in List View If you prefer, you can create and work with stacks in list view.
Rating Images 9 Rating images is a quick and easy way to narrow down the number of images you intend to work with. It can also help you locate your best images later. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of the Aperture Rating System (p. 273) • Rating Images (p. 275) • Sorting Images by Rating (p. 277) • Including Image Rating in Your Workflow (p. 279) • Comparing and Rating Images (p.
Aperture provides a system for rating images from Select to Reject. The easily decipherable image ratings appear on the images themselves as overlays. Positive ratings appear as stars; you can rate images from one to five stars, with five being the highest, or Select, rating. A negative, or Reject, rating appears as an X. Five stars indicate the highest rating (Select). Stars indicate a positive rating. An X indicates a negative rating (Reject).
You can use the Filter HUD to hide or show images of a certain rating. For example, after an initial ratings pass, you can set the Filter HUD to show only those images that are rated one star. You can then closely inspect and further refine your selection or begin an adjustments pass. Aperture is preset to hide images that are rated Reject, so you may need to change the Filter HUD settings to see rejected images. Make sure this checkbox is selected, then choose an option from the pop-up menu.
• Unrated, or neutral • Reject Rejected images appear with a white X overlay. Positive ratings appear with white star overlays. If no overlays are displayed on the image, the image is considered neutral or is not rated. You can rate a single image or apply a rating to several images at once. Rating Individual Images You can quickly rate a selected image using the rating buttons in the Metadata inspector or in the control bar.
• To increase or decrease the image rating: Click the Increase Rating or Decrease Rating button. Note: As long as the image is selected, you can change its rating. 4 To select the next image, press the Right Arrow or Left Arrow key, or click the Move Selection Left or Move Selection Right button in the control bar. Rating Multiple Images For quick and efficient rating, you use the arrow keys to select images and then use the appropriate keyboard shortcuts to apply ratings.
Note: Image files are not deleted when sorted by rating. They are only temporarily removed from view. For more information on using the Browser’s search field to sort images by rating, see Searching for Images in the Browser. To sort images by rating using the Filter HUD 1 Show the Filter HUD by doing one of the following: • Choose Edit > Find (or press Command-F). • In the Browser, click the Filter HUD button next to the search field. Filter HUD button in the Browser 2 Select the Rating checkbox.
To view all images again Do one of the following: µ µ Deselect the Rating checkbox in the Filter HUD. Press Control-6. µ To view all images that are unrated or better Press Control–Grave Accent (`). µ To view rejected images only Press Control-8. Including Image Rating in Your Workflow You can use image rating as part of your workflow to help reduce a large group of images to a smaller group of preferred images.
4 In the next rating pass, assign a rating of two stars to any images that are better than one star. 5 Change the search criteria in the Filter HUD to show only those images that are rated two stars or better. 6 In the next rating pass, assign a rating of three stars to your images that are better than two stars. 7 Change the search criteria in the Filter HUD to show only those images that are rated three stars or better.
Comparing and Rating Images For those really tough decisions, Aperture allows you to compare and rate a Select image against close alternates. This is particularly useful when you are trying to choose an image from a small group of similarly composed images. For example, choosing the best image from a series of head shots can be difficult. Even in head shots captured within a short time span, the facial expressions of the subject can change ever so slightly.
5 Rate the alternate image by doing one of the following: • To assign the Select rating: Press Backslash (\). • To increase the image’s rating: Press Equal Sign (=). • To decrease the image’s rating: Press Hyphen (-). • To assign the Reject rating: Press 9. The rating appears as an overlay on the alternate image. 6 Navigate to the next alternate by pressing the Left Arrow or Right Arrow key or by clicking the Move Selection Left or Move Selection Right button in the control bar.
Applying Keywords to Images 10 Adding keywords to your images helps you organize your images and quickly locate specific images. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Keywords (p. 283) • Viewing Keywords Applied to Images (p. 286) • Applying Keywords Using the Keywords HUD (p. 289) • Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets (p. 296) • Applying Keywords Using the Lift & Stamp HUD (p. 301) • Applying Keywords Using the Metadata Inspector (p.
After you have applied keywords to your images, you can have Aperture display an image’s keywords in the Viewer and Browser. You can also view keywords for selected images in the Metadata inspector. Keywords assigned to an image You can use the Smart Settings HUD to quickly locate images by their keywords, and you can use Smart Albums to automatically group images that have specific keywords assigned.
There are several ways to apply keywords: • Using the Keywords HUD Close button Search field Keyword list Keyword group Remove Keyword button Add Subordinate Keyword button Add Keyword button Lock button • Using keyword controls, presets, and the keyword field in the control bar Keyword controls • Using the Lift and Stamp tools via the Lift & Stamp HUD Lift tool in the tool strip Stamp tool in the tool strip Chapter 10 Applying Keywords to Images 285
• Using the Metadata inspector Metadata View pop-up menu Add keywords here. Viewing Keywords Applied to Images The following sections describe the various options you have while working with keywords: • Displaying Keywords in the Viewer and Browser • Viewing an Image’s Keywords Using the Metadata Inspector • Viewing Keywords in the Browser in List View Displaying Keywords in the Viewer and Browser You can turn on the display of image keywords in the Viewer and Browser using metadata overlay views.
You can also view an image’s keywords using metadata tooltips. When you turn metadata tooltips on, basic metadata, including keywords, is displayed over the image when you place the pointer over it. You turn metadata tooltips on and off by pressing the T key. Metadata tooltip Viewing an Image’s Keywords Using the Metadata Inspector The Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD provide views of the metadata associated with a selected image.
Any keywords applied to the selected image appear in the Keywords field of the Metadata inspector. To view an image’s keywords using the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD 1 If necessary, show the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD by choosing Window > Show Inspector HUD (or pressing H), then click the Metadata button. 2 Choose a metadata view that includes keywords, such as General or Caption & Keywords, from the Metadata View pop-up menu. Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu.
4 Make sure the Keywords checkbox is selected in the Metadata Fields column by clicking the IPTC and Content disclosure triangles. The Keywords checkbox can be found in the Content category. 5 Click OK. 6 In the Browser, you can resize the Keywords column by dragging the edge of the column heading to view all the keywords assigned to the image. The keywords for each image appear in the Keywords column.
To assign a keyword using the Keywords HUD 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following: • Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H). • Click the Keywords button in the toolbar. The Keywords HUD appears. 2 Do one of the following: • If the Browser is in filmstrip view or grid view: Drag a keyword from the Keywords HUD to an image or selected images in the Viewer or Browser. Drag a keyword from the Keywords HUD... ...to an image.
2 To select the keywords you want to apply, do one of the following: • Hold down the Shift key while pressing the Up Arrow or Down Arrow key to select several keywords. • Shift-click a group of adjacent keywords. • Command-click nonadjacent keywords. The selected keywords are highlighted in the keyword list. 3 Drag the keywords from the Keywords HUD to an image or selection of images in the Browser, in the Viewer, or in Full Screen view.
• To search for a keyword: Type the keyword you’re looking for in the Keywords HUD search field. Enter a keyword in the search field. The keyword list updates to reveal all instances of the keyword you entered. Adding Keywords to the Keywords HUD You can add new keywords to the keyword library of the Keywords HUD. To add new keywords to the keyword library 1 To show the Keywords HUD, do one of the following: • Choose Window > Show Keywords HUD (or press Shift-H).
3 Type a name for the new keyword, then press Return. The new keyword is added to the keyword library. The new keyword is added to the keyword library and is sorted alphabetically. To add keywords to a keyword group 1 In the Keywords HUD, select the keyword group to which you want to add a keyword. 2 Do one of the following: • Click the Add Subordinate Keyword button, type the new keyword, then press Return. A new, untitled keyword appears in this list within the keyword group.
To create a new keyword group with keywords in it 1 In the Keywords HUD, click the Add Keyword button, then type a name for the new keyword group. 2 With the new keyword group name selected, click the Add Subordinate Keyword button, type a keyword, then press Return. The keyword you just added becomes the first keyword in the new group. 3 To add another keyword to the new group, click the Add Subordinate Keyword button, type a keyword, then press Return.
• Press the Delete key. The selected keyword is removed. The next keyword in the list is automatically selected. Click the Remove Keyword button to remove a keyword. 3 If the keyword you are attempting to remove is assigned to any image in your library, a dialog appears, indicating the number of times it’s being used. If you still want to remove the keyword, click “Remove from version.” Important: Removing a keyword from the keyword library removes it from any images to which it’s already assigned.
Applying Keywords Using Keyword Controls and Keyword Presets One way to apply and remove keywords is to use the keyword controls located in the control bar. You can add new keywords to images or apply preset keywords that are part of a keyword group.
• Add Keyword field: Type a new keyword in this field and press Return to add it to a selected image. If the keyword has been used before, Aperture automatically completes the word as you type it. If the Keywords HUD is locked, you are asked whether you want to unlock the Keywords HUD and add the keyword to the keyword library, or not add the keyword to the image. To remove a keyword you’ve just applied, type the keyword again and press Shift-Return.
Adding Preset Keywords to Images Using Keyword Controls You can easily add a preset keyword to an image. To add a preset keyword to an image 1 Select the image to which you want to assign a keyword. 2 In the control bar, choose a keyword preset group from the Keyword Preset Group pop-up menu. 3 Do one of the following: • Choose Metadata > Add Keyword, then choose the keyword you want from the submenu. • Press Option and a number key from 1 to 8 to assign one of the first eight keywords.
2 In the control bar, type the new keyword in the Add Keyword field, then press Return. Select the image to which you want to apply a new keyword. Enter your keyword in this field, then press Return. The keyword you entered is now applied to the image or group of images. For information about viewing keywords applied to images, see Viewing Keywords Applied to Images. Creating a Keyword Preset Group You can create new keyword preset groups when you need them.
The Edit Button Sets dialog appears. The Name column on the left lists the keyword preset groups that already exist. When you select a keyword preset group in this column, the keywords included in the group appear in the center Contents column. You add or remove keywords by adding them to or removing them from the Contents column. The Keywords Library column provides a list of the existing keywords in your keyword library. You can drag keywords from this list into the Contents column.
4 Drag keywords from the Keywords Library column to the Contents column. Add Keyword button If you wish, you can select multiple keywords and drag them to the Contents column at the same time. Hold down the Shift key while pressing the Up Arrow or Down Arrow key to select several keywords, Shift-click to select adjacent keywords, or Command-click to select nonadjacent keywords.
The Lift and Stamp tools have a corresponding HUD you can use to view and remove items you’ve lifted (copied) from one image before you stamp (paste) them onto another image. To lift all the keywords from an image and stamp them onto another image or group of images 1 Select an image. 2 Select the Lift tool (or press O). Lift tool in the tool strip Stamp tool in the tool strip The Lift & Stamp HUD appears. All information for the selected image appears here.
3 Deselect all checkboxes except for Keywords, or select items in the HUD and press Delete to remove them. Make sure the Keywords checkbox is the only one selected. 4 To apply the keywords from the Lift & Stamp HUD, do one of the following: • Use the Stamp tool to select the images to which you want to assign the keywords. Note: The Stamp tool is automatically selected by default.
5 Remove any keywords you don’t want to stamp onto an image or group of images by selecting each unwanted keyword in the list and pressing the Delete key. Select the keywords you don’t want to stamp, then press Delete. 6 Select the image to which you want to apply the keywords. The reduced selection of keywords is applied to the selected image. You can quickly lift and stamp the keywords and all other metadata and adjustments from one image to another using keyboard shortcuts.
You can also lift RAW Fine Tuning parameter values from one RAW image and stamp them onto another. RAW Fine Tuning adjustments are included in lift and stamp operations by default. If you don’t want to lift and stamp RAW Fine Tuning adjustments, you must deselect them in the Lift & Stamp HUD. For more information about lifting and stamping adjustments, see Applying Adjustments to a Group of Images. For more information about the RAW Fine Tuning adjustments, see Working with the RAW Fine Tuning Controls.
All keywords assigned to the image appear in the Keywords field. Metadata View pop-up menu 4 To add a keyword, type a keyword in the Keywords field. Note: All keywords must be separated by commas (,). Applying Keywords to Images in the Light Table You can use the Light Table to arrange your image selection in a freeform manner. After arranging your images into groups, you can apply keywords to a group of images at once.
Removing Keywords from an Image At times, you may want to remove all the keywords that you have applied to an image. To remove all keywords from an image 1 Select the image. 2 Choose Metadata > Remove Keyword > Remove All Keywords (or press Shift-Option-9). You can also remove keywords from an image by removing specific keywords in the Metadata inspector.
• In the Edit Buttons Sets dialog, click the Export button. 2 In the dialog that appears, give the keyword list a name, choose a location, and click Save. The keyword list is saved as a text (.txt) file to the location you chose. After you have exported a keyword list, you can transfer the file to another Aperture system and import it.
Working with Metadata 11 You can display different combinations of metadata with your images in Aperture, such as version names, captions, ratings, keywords, and IPTC information. You can apply metadata presets to your images during import. You set the display of metadata with your images in Aperture using the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog.
The first type of metadata is called Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) data. EXIF metadata is information recorded by the camera and stored in the image at the time it was shot, such as shutter speed, f-stop, the time the image was captured, the camera model, and GPS data (for cameras that support it).
You can display different combinations of metadata with your images in the Viewer and the Browser, as well as in Full Screen view. Aperture provides metadata overlay views, which represent specific combinations of information that you can display as overlays on or just below each image. For example, you can choose a basic view that shows an image’s version name and caption.
You choose the metadata you want to display with your images in Aperture in the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog. You can choose different metadata overlay views for the Viewer, the Browser in grid view and filmstrip view, and the Browser in list view. You can also display metadata with labels that help identify the types of metadata being displayed. Choose the metadata to display with images in the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog.
You can view the metadata for a selected image in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD. To show the Metadata inspector Do one of the following: µ µ Choose Window > Show Inspector (or press I), then click the Metadata tab. Click the Inspector button in the toolbar, then click the Metadata tab. Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. Apply and edit metadata presets, manage custom fields, and attach audio files to images using the Metadata Action pop-up menu.
µ To show the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD Choose Window > Show Inspector HUD (or press H), then click Metadata. Choose a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. Apply and edit metadata presets, manage custom fields, and attach audio files to images using the Metadata Action pop-up menu.
You can change the combination of metadata that appears in the Metadata inspector by choosing a metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. The types of metadata views range from views that display the version name only to views that display the full EXIF data or the complete list of IPTC metadata fields. You can also create your own custom metadata views for the Metadata inspector using the Metadata Views dialog.
You can then use that metadata preset to apply combinations of metadata to images as you import them or as you change them using the Batch Change dialog. For example, if you have a specific combination of metadata that one of your services always requires, you can create a metadata preset just for that service. Then, whenever you import images destined for that service or prepare images to send to that service, you can quickly apply the metadata you need using the preset you created.
You use the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog to specify the metadata fields to display in the basic and expanded metadata overlay views for both the Viewer and Browser, as well as the metadata that appears in metadata tooltips. You can choose to display a wide variety of EXIF and IPTC metadata fields. In addition, you can add Aperture-specific metadata fields, such as rating and version name, as well as photo usage information, such as whether an image has been emailed or ordered via Apple’s print service.
Metadata overlay view Information displayed List - Expanded Version name, badges, color label, rating, date, caption, keywords, provider, copyright notice, title, filename, file size, camera model, import session, project path, aperture (f-stop), shutter speed, exposure bias, ISO speed rating, focal length (35mm), focal length, lens minimum (mm), maximum lens aperture, lens maximum (mm), lens model, and pixel size Metadata Tooltips Version name, filename, date, file size, caption, keywords, aperture (f
To switch to the basic metadata overlay view in the Viewer Do one of the following: µ Choose View > Metadata Display, then choose Switch to Basic View from the Viewer section of the submenu (or press Shift-Y). µ In the tool strip, choose Switch to Basic View from the Viewer section of the Metadata Overlays pop-up menu.
µ In the tool strip, choose Show Metadata Tooltips from the Metadata Overlays pop-up menu. A checkmark appears next to the menu item when metadata tooltips are turned on. Specifying the Type of Metadata to Display in the Viewer and Browser You use the Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog to specify the types of metadata that are shown in the basic and expanded views for the Viewer, the Browser in grid view and filmstrip view, and the Browser in list view.
3 In the Metadata Fields column, do any of the following: • To add EXIF information, such as exposure and aperture settings: Click the EXIF disclosure triangle, then select the checkboxes next to the metadata fields you want to add to the metadata overlay view. • To add IPTC information, such as copyright information and keywords: Click the IPTC disclosure triangle, then select the checkboxes next to the metadata fields you want to add to the metadata overlay view.
To set the display of metadata in metadata tooltips 1 Do one of the following: • Choose View > Metadata Display > Customize (or press Command-J). • In the tool strip, choose Edit from the Metadata Overlays pop-up menu. The Browser & Viewer Metadata dialog appears. 2 Choose Metadata Tooltips from the View pop-up menu. Choose Metadata Tooltips from the View pop-up menu.
4 If you want to change the order in which the metadata fields are displayed in the tooltip, drag the metadata fields in the Display Order column into a new arrangement. 5 When you are satisfied with the metadata fields assigned to Metadata Tooltips view and the arrangement of the metadata fields in that view, click OK.
Viewing and Changing Metadata in the Metadata Inspector and Inspector HUD You can view or change the metadata for a selected image in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD. The selected image’s metadata appears in text fields. You can change the metadata fields shown in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD by choosing a different metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu.
The top portion of the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD displays basic camera information about an image, if it’s available. This area is called the Camera Info pane. If a video clip is selected, the Camera Info pane displays the length of the video, frame size, and number of frames per second. If an audio clip is selected, the Camera Info pane displays the length of the audio clip, the bit rate, and the type of audio file.
You can change the metadata fields shown in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD by choosing a different metadata view from the Metadata View pop-up menu. To switch metadata views in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD 1 Do one of the following: • To show the Metadata inspector: Click the Inspector button in the toolbar (or press I), then click the Metadata tab.
To listen to an audio attachment 1 In the Browser, select an image with an audio attachment. The audio badge indicates this image has an audio attachment. 2 In the Metadata inspector or the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD, click the Play button. Play button Aperture plays the audio attachment. For more information about adding attachments to image files, see Adding Audio Attachments to Image Files.
If the image is shared online, the Metadata inspector displays either the account it was downloaded from or the specific account and album or set it was published to, along with when it was published. The Metadata inspector also indicates if the image has not been shared. If you’ve created Facebook albums in Aperture and shared images from your Aperture library with your Facebook account, you can also use the Metadata inspector to view comments posted about the images by your friends.
To set up autofill entries in the AutoFill Editor 1 Choose Metadata > Edit AutoFill List. Remove button Add button 2 To edit the list, do one of the following: • To add an entry: Select the metadata type you want to add, click the Add (+) button, and enter the text you want. • To change an entry: Click the disclosure triangle for a metadata type to display its entries, then double-click the entry you want to change and type the new text.
The following table lists the metadata views that you can choose and the information that each view displays.
To create a new metadata view 1 Do one of the following: • To show the Metadata inspector: Click the Inspector button in the toolbar (or press I), then click the Metadata tab. • To show the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD: Choose Window > Show Inspector HUD (or press H), then click Metadata. 2 Choose Edit from the Metadata View pop-up menu. The Metadata Views dialog appears. 3 In the Metadata Views dialog, choose New View from the Metadata Views Action pop-up menu.
The new metadata view is added to the Metadata View pop-up menu in the Metadata inspector and the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD. For more information about switching metadata views, see Viewing and Changing Metadata in the Metadata Inspector and Inspector HUD. Modifying Existing Metadata Views You can change the combination of metadata that appears in a metadata view. You can add or remove metadata fields, create new ones, and rearrange the order in which the metadata fields are displayed.
Managing Metadata Views You can rename, add, or delete metadata views in the Metadata Views dialog. To rename a metadata view 1 Choose Edit from the Metadata View pop-up menu in the Metadata inspector or the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD. The Metadata Views dialog appears. 2 Double-click a metadata view name in the Metadata Views column, then enter a new name and press Return.
Creating Metadata Presets You can create new metadata presets that apply different combinations of metadata. To create a new metadata preset 1 In the Metadata inspector or the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD, enter the metadata you want applied to your images in the metadata fields. You can add metadata to multiple metadata views by choosing different views from the Metadata View pop-up menu. 2 Choose New Preset from Version from the Metadata Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon).
The changes to the metadata preset are saved. If you want, you can rearrange the order of metadata presets in the Append with Preset and Replace with Preset submenus of the Metadata Action pop-up menu. You can also rename and delete metadata presets. For more information, see Managing Metadata Presets. Applying Combinations of Metadata Using Metadata Presets You can apply metadata presets to selected images using the Metadata inspector, the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD, or the Batch Change command.
To delete a metadata preset 1 In the Metadata inspector or the Metadata pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Manage Presets from the Metadata Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). 2 In the Metadata dialog, select a metadata preset, then press the Delete key. When you work with other Aperture users or Aperture systems, you can share your metadata presets to ensure a consistent application of metadata to all the images. You can export metadata presets for others to use and import presets when you need them.
2 In the Batch Change dialog, choose the metadata preset you want from the Add Metadata From pop-up menu. Choose the metadata preset you want from this pop-up menu. Click Append or Replace. 3 Click Append to add the preset’s metadata to the images, maintaining any currently associated metadata, or click Replace to add the preset’s metadata to the images and remove any other associated metadata. 4 Enter any additional metadata you want applied in the metadata fields.
Here are some examples of common character limits for IPTC fields. 338 IPTC field and character limit Description and example Caption (2000 characters) A long-form description of the subject and related information in a natural-language caption Example: Mayor Alvarado addresses a crowd at the first soccer match of the season.
Understanding Badge Overlays When you apply adjustments, keywords, or other changes to an image, Aperture marks the image with a badge overlay. Badges can appear on images in the Viewer, the Browser, and the Light Table, in book pages and webpages, and in Full Screen view. Keywords have been applied to this image. How Badge Overlays Appear in Aperture The following table shows badges that appear on images in Aperture. Badge Definition One or more adjustments have been applied to the image.
Badge Definition The image is an album’s pick image, the identifying image for that album, webpage album, web journal album, Light Table album, slideshow album, or book album. Because of low image resolution, the image’s print quality may be affected. This badge appears on images placed in book pages and webpages. The number indicates the number of times the image has been used in a given book, web journal, or Light Table arrangement. The image is a referenced image.
Displaying Images with Badge Overlays Badge visibility is determined by the metadata overlay view that is displayed. You can control whether badges are visible by choosing a metadata overlay view that includes badge overlays; you can also control whether badge overlays are visible by turning metadata overlays on or off. Important: Badge overlays appear only in the Aperture application; they do not appear on images exported or printed from Aperture.
You can turn off the display of badge overlays in the Browser by turning off the display of metadata. For more information, see Turning the Display of Metadata On or Off. Adjusting Image Date and Time You can adjust the date and time an image was taken at any time. Aperture gives you the option of adjusting the date and time of an image’s version or the image’s version and master. To change the creation date of an image or group of images 1 Select an image or group of images.
Organizing Images with Faces 12 You can have Aperture quickly identify the people in your images using its face detection and face recognition technology, called Faces. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Faces (p. 343) • Adding Names to Faces in Your Images (p. 347) • Viewing Images in Faces View (p. 349) • Searching for Images by Face (p. 352) • Creating Smart Albums with Images of People (p.
An “unnamed” face label appears below the subject’s face, and you enter the person’s name in the face label.
Now that you’ve identified a person in one of your images, Aperture presents any image in your entire image library or within the item selected in the Library inspector that might contain the person you named. You view matching images by selecting Faces in the Library inspector or by clicking the Faces button in the toolbar. The Aperture main window switches to Faces view, with the snapshot of the person you named appearing at the top.
If you double-click a person’s snapshot in Faces view, Aperture presents suggested images of the person at the bottom of the Faces browser. You can click a suggested image to accept it or reject it as a match.
When you have named all the people in your images, you can create Smart Albums based on specific people. Whenever you confirm a face that matches the person the Smart Album was created for, the image is automatically added to the Smart Album. You can also assign Facebook IDs and have Aperture automatically publish the identified images to your Facebook account.
The person’s name appears in the face label. 5 Enter a name in the face label for each person in the image, then click Done. Aperture presents the images in the library that are suggested matches for the people you just named. For more information about reviewing suggested images of a person, see Viewing Images in Faces View. If there are faces in an image that Aperture doesn’t detect, you can still add face labels to the faces and assign them names.
3 Select the face label for the person whose name you want to change, and enter a new name in the text field. To delete a face label 1 Select an image containing a face label you want to remove. 2 Click the Name button in the toolbar. 3 Position the pointer over the person’s face, then click the Remove button at the top-left corner of the positioning box. The positioning box and face label are removed.
To view all the images of a specific person Do one of the following: µ µ In Faces view, double-click the person’s snapshot. Click the Name button in the toolbar, then click the Show Faces View button in the face label below the person’s face in the Viewer. Show Faces View button The Faces browser appears, showing all the confirmed images of the person. For more information about the controls in the Faces browser, see Faces View.
3 To reject an image as a match, do one of the following: • Click the image, then click it again to reject it. • Option-click the image. “Not [name of face]” appears below the image. 4 When you have finished confirming images, click Done. Confirmed images move to the top of the Faces browser. Note: As you confirm or reject the face of the person appearing in each image, you can have Aperture suggest additional images by pressing the Option key and clicking the Update button.
Searching for Images by Face As you name the people that appear in the images in the library, the number of named faces quickly grows. Locating images of a particular person is a simple process. To search for images by face 1 In the Library inspector, select Faces. 2 In Faces view, enter the name of the person you are looking for in the search field. Faces view search field Aperture displays the snapshot of the person whose name you entered in the search field, removing all others from view.
Creating Smart Albums with Images of People You can create a Smart Album and specify a specific person or group of people as search criteria. For example, you can create a Smart Album that is set to collect photos of your family members. First you create the Smart Album, and then you use the Smart Album’s Smart Settings HUD to specify that it collect photos of each individual in your family.
Locating and Organizing Images with Places 13 In Aperture, you can organize and explore your images by location using the Places feature. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Places (p. 356) • Controls in Places View (p. 360) • Working with Location Information in Places View (p. 360) • Importing and Working with GPS Track File Data (p. 375) • Assigning Location Information to Projects (p. 377) • Working with Location Information in the Metadata Inspector (p.
An Overview of Places If you have a GPS-enabled camera or iPhone, Aperture categorizes your images by location and converts the GPS location tags to place names such as Vancouver, Canada. Aperture can also convert image location information from GPS trackers (including those generated by iPhone applications) and from iPhoto images. You can explore where your images were shot using Places view.
If you don’t have a GPS-enabled camera or iPhone, you can still make the most of Places.
• Typing the name of a place or entering an address in the Places view search field, and then clicking the Assign Location button 358 Chapter 13 Locating and Organizing Images with Places
• Entering the name of a place or an address in the Location field in the Map pane of the Metadata inspector Map Pane button Aperture saves every location that has been assigned to an image. When you want to quickly find photos you shot in New York City or the Grand Canyon, just choose the location from the My Places list in the search field pop-up menu in Places view. Important: To use Places, you must be connected to the Internet.
Controls in Places View Places view lets you view the locations where the images in the item selected in the Library inspector were shot. Zoom slider and buttons Search field For more information about the controls in Places view, see Places View. Working with Location Information in Places View Places view uses Google Maps to plot the locations where your images were shot.
To view the location information for an image or group of images 1 Do one of the following: • To view the image locations for images throughout the library: In the Library inspector, select Places. • To view the image locations for images in an item selected in the Library inspector: Select an item in the Library inspector containing images that already have location information assigned to them, then click the Places button in the toolbar. Places button The Aperture main window switches to Places view.
A location label appears above a pin in Places view, indicating the location where the image was shot. The location label indicates the name of the location and the number of images that were captured there. Location pin Selected image To view the images associated with a location 1 Do one of the following: • In the Library inspector, select Places.
• Select an item in the Library inspector containing images that already have location information assigned to them, then click the Places button in the toolbar. Places button The Aperture main window switches to Places view. Red location pins mark the locations where images or groups of images were shot. 2 Select a red pin. The selected pin turns orange, and the image or images associated with the location marked by the orange pin are selected in the Browser.
Depending on the zoom setting in Places view, Aperture might use a single pin to represent a group of images shot in close proximity. However, you can view the precise location where each image in the group was shot. A single location pin representing multiple locations The Places view map zoomed in to show the individual image locations To view the precise location of images represented by the same location pin Do one of the following: µ In Places view, click the location arrow on the location label.
Places view zooms in to the location of the image group, marking the location of each image with a pin. Some images may remain grouped together in a single location pin if shot in close proximity. Click the location arrow on the location label to zoom in further. µ In Places view, use the Zoom slider and buttons to zoom in to the location of the image group. Zoom in Zoom out As you zoom in to the map, locations grouped together in a single pin begin to be marked by their own pins.
As you zoom in to the map, you may need to reposition it. To reposition the map in Places view Do one of the following: µ µ Move the map by dragging it. Drag the box in the Overview Map pane, which appears in the bottom-right corner of Places view. Drag the red box to reposition the map. You can open and close the Overview Map pane, depending on your preference. µ To open and close the Overview Map pane Click the Overview Map Pane button. Click this button to open and close the Overview Map pane.
Places view appears, with red pins representing images that have location assignments. 2 Zoom in to a specific location by doing one of the following: • Choose a location from one of the Places Path Navigator pop-up menus at the top of Places view. Aperture repositions the map to display the selected location.
• In Places view, use the Zoom slider and buttons to zoom in to the location of an image group. Zoom in Zoom out As you zoom in to the map, image locations grouped together in a single pin begin to be marked by their own pins. • If your mouse has a scroll wheel, position the pointer over a pin that represents the location of a group of images, then move the scroll wheel up to zoom in to the map.
• Terrain view: This view displays a topographical map with physical elevations as shaded relief along with elevation lines. Map view buttons µ To switch to the Satellite view within Places view Click the Satellite button. Select the Show Labels checkbox, which appears when the Satellite button is clicked, to view street names and other information. µ To switch to the Road view within Places view Click the Road button. µ To switch to the Terrain view within Places view Click the Terrain button.
2 Click the Places button in the toolbar. Places button The Aperture main window switches to Places view. Red pins mark the locations where images that already have location information were shot. 3 Position the map in Places view to display the location you want to assign to the images by dragging and zooming in to the map. 4 In the Browser, select an image or group of images, then drag the image selection to the appropriate location on the map in Places view.
The purple pin turns red, indicating that the location you specified has been assigned to the selected images, and a location badge (a red pin) appears over the thumbnail images in the Browser. Location badge Sometimes it’s easier to search for a location and then assign it to an image selection. To search for a location and assign it to an image selection 1 Select an item in the Library inspector containing images to which you want to assign location information.
8 Drag the resize handles on the right side of the purple circle to change the area assigned to the location. Resize handles Purple circle indicating the area assigned to the location 9 When you are satisfied with the area assigned to the location, click the Assign button. A red pin appears on the map in Places view, with a location label indicating the name of the location and the number of photos it’s assigned to. A purple circle indicates the area the location covers.
3 In the dialog that appears, select the images to which you want to assign location information, then click OK. Aperture displays waypoints for the images in Places view. 4 In the Browser, drag an image to a waypoint in Places view to assign location information to it. Changing Image Locations If you’ve assigned an incorrect location to photos, it’s easy to change their location information.
5 Adjust the area covered by the location as necessary by dragging the resize handles on the right side of the purple circle. 6 When you are satisfied with the location and the area assigned to it, click the Assign button. The location assignment for the selected images changes to the new location. A red pin appears on the map in Places view, with a location label indicating the location name and the number of photos it’s assigned to. A purple circle indicates the area the location covers.
3 Select the correct location in the list that appears below the search field. The location pin for the location you selected appears in Places view. You can also search for images with location information assigned to them using the Smart Settings HUD and the Filter HUD. For more information, see Searching by Place. Removing Locations If you have assigned a location to an image or group of images by mistake, you can remove it.
2 In Places view, choose Import GPS Track from the GPS pop-up menu. 3 In the dialog that appears, navigate to the location of the GPS track file, select it, then click Choose Track File. The track file is imported into the selected project. The track file appears as a purple line on the map in Places view.
Deleting GPS Track Files You can delete a GPS track file at any time. For example, if you have several GPS track files on your computer and you aren’t sure which locations they track, you can import the files individually to see if the track data corresponds to locations in your project. If a GPS track file contains track data that doesn’t match locations in your project, you can delete it. µ To delete a GPS track file In Places view, choose Delete Selected Track from the GPS pop-up menu.
3 In the Info HUD, click Assign Location. Assign Location button 4 In the dialog that appears, enter a specific address or the name of a place, a city or town, or a significant geographical location such as a national park in the search field. Google searches for the location you entered in the search field and displays a list of search results. Place names that match the text you entered are displayed at the top of the search results list, and Google search matches are displayed under Google Results.
5 Select the search result that matches the location you are looking for. Search result Location of the selected search result on the map Assign button 6 If you would like to give the location a custom name, enter a name in the Place Name field. 7 Click Assign. The selected location is assigned to every image in the project.
To view an image’s location information using the Map pane of the Metadata inspector 1 In the Browser, select an image whose location information you want to view. 2 In the Metadata inspector, click the Map Pane button. The Map pane appears, with a red pin in the center of the map indicating where the image was shot.
The controls for zooming in to and out of the map are similar to the zoom controls in Places view. Zoom button Double-click the location pin to zoom in to the map. To zoom in to and out of the map in the Map pane of the Metadata inspector Do one of the following: µ In the Map pane of the Metadata inspector, use the Zoom buttons to zoom in to or out of the location where the image was captured.
µ To switch views within the Map pane of the Metadata inspector Choose a map view from the Map Pane Action pop-up menu. Map Pane Action pop-up menu Assigning Location Information Using the Metadata Inspector You can assign location information to an image using the controls in the Map pane of the Metadata inspector. To assign location information using the Map pane of the Metadata inspector 1 In the Browser, select an image to which you want to assign a location.
4 Click the Assign Location button in the location label. Assign Location button Cancel button The location information is assigned to the image. Modifying Location Information Using the Metadata Inspector You can modify an image’s location information using the controls in the Map pane of the Metadata inspector. To change an image’s location information using the Map pane of the Metadata inspector 1 In the Browser, select an image whose location information you want to change.
3 Choose Move Pin from the Map Pane Action pop-up menu. Map Pane Action pop-up menu The red pin turns purple. 4 Enter the name of a new location to assign to the image in the Location field, then select the location in the search results list that appears. The map view changes to show the new location. 5 Do one of the following: • To assign the location to the image: Click the Assign Location button in the location label.
• To cancel the location change: Click the Cancel button in the location label. Assign Location button Cancel button Removing Location Information Using the Metadata Inspector You can remove an image’s location information using the controls in the Map pane of the Metadata inspector. To remove location information using the Map pane of the Metadata inspector 1 In the Browser, select an image whose location information you want to remove.
Searching for and Displaying Images 14 Aperture allows you to easily search for and gather images in a variety of locations. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Searching (p. 388) • About the Search Field Pop-Up Menu (p. 388) • About the Filter HUD (p. 392) • Searching by Rating (p. 396) • Searching for Flagged Images (p. 397) • Searching by Color Label (p. 398) • Searching by Image Name, Caption, or Other Text (p. 399) • Searching by Keyword (p. 401) • Searching by Adjustments (p.
• Saving Your Search Results (p. 417) An Overview of Searching In Aperture, you can search for images in multiple ways. You can use the search field and pop-up menu in the Browser to quickly locate images by name or display images by rating, flag status, and color label.
µ To show images based on a text string or numerical value, such as a keyword or pixel size In the Browser, enter the search string in the search field, then press Return. You can set the Browser to show images based on a specific rating or better. To show only images that have been assigned a specific rating or better Do one of the following: µ In the Browser, choose Unrated or Better from the search field pop-up menu to show images that are unrated or better, or press Control-Grave Accent (`).
µ To show flagged images only In the Browser, choose Flagged from the search field pop-up menu, or press Control-Slash (\). You can set the Browser to show images that have been assigned a specific color label, as well as images that have no color label assigned to them.
µ To reset the search field pop-up menu back to the default setting of Unrated or Better Click the Reset button on the right side of the search field. Reset button To view specific images in the library or a selected project, you can also use the Filter HUD. Click here to show the Filter HUD. For more information about the Filter HUD, see About the Filter HUD and About the Search Field Pop-Up Menu.
About the Filter HUD The Filter HUD is an easy-to-use window with options for specifying search criteria. For example, you can enter the text “action” in the Filter HUD, and Aperture locates files that include that text in their metadata. To show the Filter HUD for a selected project, you click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) next to the search field in the Browser.
The most common reason to perform a search is to display a selection of images within a project. By selecting a project and using the Filter HUD, you can quickly display specific images, hiding the rest from view. For example, you might isolate and display only those images of a certain subject, pose, rating, or location. Your search doesn’t change the contents of the project; it only temporarily changes the images you view in the Browser.
The search criteria that you use can be simple or complex. The following illustration shows some of the search criteria you can specify using the Filter HUD. Select the checkboxes for items you want to search by. Specify your search criteria. To search using a particular type of search criteria, you select the checkbox to turn on the search option and then specify the criteria that Aperture should look for.
The images taken on the dates you specified are displayed in the Browser, where you can review and work with them. To show the Filter HUD Do one of the following: µ µ Choose Edit > Find (or press Command-F). µ Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside a Smart Album in the Library inspector. Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser. For more information about the controls in the Filter HUD, see Filter HUD.
Rule Function IPTC Search for images based on any IPTC information assigned to them. Keywords Search for images by any of the keywords that you’ve assigned to them. Photo Usage Search for images that have been employed for a specific purpose in Aperture, such as images currently used in a book, emailed images, and prints ordered via the Apple print service. Place Search for images by the location information assigned to them.
4 From the Rating pop-up menu, choose whether you want to search for images with a rating that is equal to, greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to the specified rating. 5 Specify the rating level by dragging the slider. The images that match the search criteria are displayed in the Browser. To save your search results, see Saving Your Search Results. You can quickly display images with specific ratings using keyboard shortcuts.
µ To quickly review all flagged images in the library In the Library inspector, click Flagged. All flagged images in the library appear in the Browser. Searching by Color Label You can search for and locate images that have color labels assigned to them. To search for images with a specific color label, you use the Color Label search options. You can search for more than one color label at a time. You can also search for images that do not have a specific color label assigned to them.
Searching by Image Name, Caption, or Other Text You can search for images using any text that you’ve associated with an image. For example, you might search for images based on text in an image’s caption or keywords, or in any other text entry. You can also search by multiple text entries. To search for images by text 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search.
3 In the Filter HUD, add as many text fields as you need by choosing Text from the Add Rule pop-up menu multiple times. Choose Text from the Add Rule pop-up menu. 4 Select the Text checkboxes and enter text in each field to locate the images you want. Select the Text checkboxes and enter text in each text field you added.
Searching by Keyword You can search for and locate images by any of the keywords that you’ve assigned to them. You can select one or more keywords to search for. You can also specify which keywords an image must have to qualify as a match. For example, you can choose to search for images that have both Silhouette and Landscape as keywords, or images that have either Silhouette or Landscape as keywords. In addition, you can search for images that do not have specific keywords applied to them.
• To display only those images that have all the keywords you selected: Choose “include all of the following.” • To display images that have only the selected keywords: Choose “include only the following.” • To display images that do not have any of the selected keywords: Choose “do not include any of the following.” • To display images that do not have all of the selected keywords: Choose “do not include all of the following.” 5 Select the checkboxes next to the keywords you want to search for.
3 In the Filter HUD, choose Adjustments from the Add Rule pop-up menu, and select the Adjustments checkbox. Choose an adjustment to search by. Select the Adjustments checkbox. Choose how you want to qualify your search from this pop-up menu. 4 Choose an option from the Adjustments pop-up menu: • To display any image that has had an adjustment applied to it: Choose “are applied.” • To display images with no adjustments: Choose “are not applied.
• Pixel size • Project name • Project path • Version name To search for images by metadata other than IPTC or EXIF information 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search. 2 Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Filter HUD, choose Aperture Metadata from the Add Rule pop-up menu.
To search for images with attachments 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search. 2 Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Filter HUD, choose Attachment from the Add Rule pop-up menu, then select the Attachment checkbox. Select the Attachment checkbox.
Note: Images that you import from sources other than digital cameras and card readers, such as JPEG or TIFF files, may not have EXIF information associated with them. However, you can search for them based on each file’s creation date. For more information, see Searching by Date. To search for images by date 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search.
Searching by Date Images that you import from sources other than digital cameras and card readers, such as JPEG or TIFF files, may not have EXIF information associated with them. However, they typically have a creation date assigned to the file. You can use this creation date to locate images using the Date search options. To search for images by creation date 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search.
To search for images by EXIF information 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search. 2 Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Filter HUD, choose EXIF from the Add Rule pop-up menu. 4 Select the EXIF checkbox, then choose an EXIF field you want to search by from the EXIF pop-up menu. Choose how you want to qualify your search from this pop-up menu.
4 Select the Face checkbox, then choose an option from the Face pop-up menu: Select the Face checkbox. • To display images that include a face: Choose “includes.” • To only display images that contain the face: Choose “is.” • To only display images that do not contain the face: Choose “is not.” • To display images with faces that have not been named: Choose “has unnamed.” • To display any image with a face whose name has the following letters: Choose “has any.
2 Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Filter HUD, choose File Status from the Add Rule pop-up menu, then select the “File status” checkbox. 4 Deselect any checkboxes that aren’t part of your query, then choose the search criteria from the “File status” pop-up menu. Select the “File status” checkbox. Choose the file status you want to search for.
2 Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F). 3 In the Filter HUD, choose File Type from the Add Rule pop-up menu, then select the File Type checkbox. Select the File Type checkbox. 4 Choose an option from the File Type pop-up menu: • To display files of a specific file type: Choose “is,” then choose a file type from the pop-up menu to the right.
3 In the Filter HUD, choose Import Session from the Add Rule pop-up menu, then select the Import Session checkbox. Choose “includes” or “does not include” to search for images that are or are not part of the selected import sessions. Select the Import Session checkbox. Select an import group. 4 Select the checkbox for the import group you want to search by. 5 Choose an option from the Import Session pop-up menu: • To display images imported during the selected import sessions: Choose “includes.
4 Select the IPTC checkbox, then choose the IPTC field you want to search by from the IPTC pop-up menu. Choose how you want to qualify your search from this pop-up menu. Enter an IPTC value here. Select the IPTC checkbox. Choose an IPTC field to search by. 5 Choose an option from the middle pop-up menu to qualify your search. • To specify characters that the IPTC field should contain somewhere within the field: Choose “includes.
Searching by Photo Usage You use the Photo Usage search options in the Filter HUD to locate images that have been employed for a specific purpose. You can search for images that are currently used in a book, images currently placed in a Light Table arrangement, emailed images, exported images, prints or books ordered via the Apple print service, locally printed images, images that have been viewed, and images used in an album, a book album, a Light Table album, or a web gallery album.
Searching by Place If you have images that were shot with a GPS-enabled digital camera or if you’ve identified where images were shot using Places, you can search for images by location using the Place search options in the Filter HUD. To search for images by location 1 In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select the item you want to search. 2 Click the Filter HUD button (with a magnifying glass icon) beside the search field in the Browser (or press Command-F).
The images that match the search criteria are displayed in the Browser. To save your search results, see Saving Your Search Results. Searching by a Combination of Criteria You can specify complex combinations of search criteria in the Filter HUD. For example, you can search for images that have certain keywords and that were taken on a specific date. To create complex searches, you add multiple search options using the Add Rule pop-up menu.
The images that match the search criteria are immediately displayed in the Browser. To save your search results, see Saving Your Search Results. Searching Across the Entire Library At times, you may want to search for images that reside in many different projects. For example, you might want to locate all your select photos for an entire year or for a particular month. To search for images across the library, you use Photos view.
When you add images to a project or the library that match the search criteria, they are automatically added to the Smart Album. For more information, see Grouping Images with Smart Albums. To save your search results in an album 1 Use the Filter HUD to search for images based on specified criteria. 2 In the Filter HUD, do one of the following: • To create a new album: Click the New Album With Current Images button, enter a name for the album, then press Return.
Grouping Images with Smart Albums 15 When you need to group certain types of images, either temporarily or permanently, you can use a Smart Album to gather the images. Aperture comes with a number of preset Smart Albums. You can also create your own Smart Album and specify search criteria that identify the images you want to be included; Aperture automatically searches for and displays the images in the new album.
Aperture comes with a selection of Smart Albums set up in the library for you. For example, there are Smart Albums that gather all your select images, all images taken in the last week, and all images taken in the last month. When you click the Library Albums disclosure triangle, you see the list of Smart Albums created for you. Select a Smart Album to see its contents in the Browser. Disclosure triangle A library Smart Album has this icon. You can also create your own Smart Albums.
• Gather the best images of your collection into a portfolio of poster images that you use to present or introduce your work • Automatically gather a project’s select images As you complete projects throughout the year, Smart Albums are automatically updated with images that match their search criteria. You might also use Smart Albums to explore different aspects of your photography portfolio.
3 Rename the Smart Album by entering a new name. Enter a new name for the Smart Album. Smart Settings HUD button 4 In the Smart Settings HUD that appears, specify search criteria. Close button Specify the search criteria for images you want in the Smart Album. The controls in the Smart Settings HUD are nearly identical to the Filter HUD. For more information about using the Filter HUD and specifying search criteria, see Searching for and Displaying Images. 5 Click the Smart Settings HUD’s close button.
3 In the Smart Settings HUD, specify search criteria. For more information about using the Smart Settings HUD and specifying search criteria, see Searching for and Displaying Images. 4 Click the Smart Settings HUD’s close button. Aperture finds the images in the library that match the specified search criteria and displays them in the Browser. You can now work with these versions of your images in the same way you work with images in any project or album.
Searching Within a Smart Album After creating a Smart Album, you can search for specific images within the contents of the Smart Album. Show the Browser’s Filter HUD and specify search criteria. Select the Smart Album you want to search within. To search within the contents of a Smart Album 1 Show the Filter HUD by clicking the Filter HUD button in the Browser. 2 When the Filter HUD appears, specify secondary search criteria to show specific images within the Smart Album.
To change the contents of a Smart Album by changing the search criteria 1 In the Library inspector, click the Smart Settings HUD button to the right of the Smart Album to show the Smart Settings HUD. 2 Revise the search criteria in the Smart Settings HUD to eliminate or add the images you want, or change the keyword or rating for the image itself. 3 Click the Smart Settings HUD’s close button.
A new album is created, containing the images you selected using the search criteria. Deleting a Smart Album You can delete a Smart Album at any time, and none of the images gathered from the library are deleted. If you’ve transferred images from a Smart Album to another album, the images in the other album are also not deleted when you delete the Smart Album. To delete a Smart Album 1 Select the Smart Album in the Library inspector. 2 Choose File > Delete Smart Album (or press Command-Delete).
An Overview of Image Adjustments 16 Aperture provides adjustment controls and Quick Brushes to help you improve the appearance of your images. You make image adjustments using the controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. You can also access some adjustment tools in the tool strip of the Aperture main window and the Full Screen view toolbar. This chapter covers the following: • Adjustments in Aperture (p. 428) • Using the Adjustment Controls (p.
Adjustments in Aperture Adjustment controls are found in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. The controls are the same in each. The Adjustments inspector is a tab in the Inspector pane on the left side of the Aperture main window. The Inspector HUD is a floating version of the inspectors that can be placed anywhere onscreen, allowing you the most flexibility in how you use your screen workspace. In Aperture, you can apply adjustments to images in two ways.
Adjustment Function Chromatic Aberration Corrects chromatic aberration, produced by certain lenses during shooting. Noise Reduction Reduces digital noise in an image. Curves Selectively remaps the tonal range of the image by applying a curve from input to output. Highlights & Shadows Selectively adjusts the exposure in the shadows and highlights of an image. Levels Selectively adjusts the tonal range of an image.
Quick Brush Function Tint Shifts the tint in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. Contrast Applies additional contrast to the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. Saturation Saturates the colors in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. Definition Adds clarity and reduces haze without adding too much contrast to the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on.
µ Click the Inspector button in the toolbar, then click the Adjustments tab. Presets pop-up menu Adjustments pop-up menu Histogram Reset button Adjustment Action pop-up menu Adjustments Double-click the top of an adjustment to show and hide the adjustment’s controls.
Each adjustment contains individual properties, called parameters, for which you can specify a range of values. You click an adjustment’s disclosure triangle, or double-click the top of the adjustment, to view the parameters for the adjustment and the controls you use to change parameter values. For more information about using the adjustment controls to change parameter values, see Using Sliders.
For more information about Full Screen view, see Performing Adjustments in Full Screen View. Adjustments button Histogram (set to show red, green, and blue channels) Adjustments pop-up menu Presets pop-up menu Note: The adjustment controls in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD appear dimmed when an audio or video file is selected.
µ To choose a histogram view Choose a view option from the Histogram Options section of the Adjustment Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). Note: The histogram updates in real time for images displayed in the Viewer and in Full Screen view, but it is slightly delayed in the Book Layout Editor, the Webpage Editor, and the Light Table. For more information about how to interpret a histogram, see Understanding How to Read Histograms.
µ To add Quick Brushes Choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the Adjustments pop-up menu at the top of either the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Quick Brush adjustments The adjustment controls for the Quick Brush appear in both the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown. Also, a HUD containing the Quick Brush controls appears, and the pointer changes to a brush.
Using Sliders There are two types of slider controls for changing parameter values—sliders and value sliders. Slider controls have varying value ranges depending on the parameter. • Sliders: Drag the slider left or right to set a value, or click anywhere along the slider’s range to jump directly to that value.
Turning Adjustments On and Off Use checkboxes to turn adjustments on and off. Turning adjustments on and off is a good way to verify the cumulative effect of adjustments on your image. Turn an adjustment on and off by selecting and deselecting the checkbox. Accessing Adjustment Controls Whenever an image is selected and displayed in the Viewer or in Full Screen view, you can adjust it using the adjustment controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD.
Using the Brush Controls Whenever an image is selected and displayed in the Viewer or in Full Screen view, you can retouch it using a brushed adjustment. Most adjustments can be brushed on images. You choose a brush for an adjustment from the adjustment’s Action pop-up menu. A Brush button appears when the adjustment is brushed on the image. Click the button to open the Brush HUD for the adjustment. Choose to brush an adjustment “in” or “away” from the adjustment’s Action pop-up menu.
When you choose a Quick Brush adjustment, its adjustment controls appear highlighted in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown. As with the standard adjustment controls, you use the checkbox to turn Quick Brush adjustments on and off. For more information, see Turning Adjustments On and Off. Some Quick Brush adjustments also have sliders for changing parameter values after the Quick Brush adjustment has been applied.
To switch to Full Screen view Do one of the following: µ µ Choose View > Full Screen (or press F). Click the Full Screen button in the toolbar. To switch back to the Aperture main window Do one of the following: µ µ Click the Exit Full Screen button in the Full Screen view toolbar. Press F or the Esc (Escape) key. In Full Screen view, you have access to all the tools you need to perform adjustments to your images. µ To show the Inspector HUD while in Full Screen view Press H.
To lift adjustments from one image and stamp them on a group of images 1 In the Browser, select the image that has the adjustments you want to copy. 2 In the tool strip, select the Lift tool (or press O). The Lift & Stamp HUD appears, showing the adjustments, IPTC metadata, and keywords applied to the image. 3 Deselect all metadata-related checkboxes to prevent Aperture from copying the metadata from the selected image. Deselect a checkbox to prevent Aperture from copying the item from the selected image.
4 If necessary, remove any unwanted adjustments by clicking the Adjustments disclosure triangle in the Lift & Stamp HUD, selecting the unwanted adjustments, and then pressing Delete. Select an adjustment and press Delete to remove it. 5 In the tool strip, select the Selection tool (or press A), then do one of the following: • Drag a selection rectangle around the images to which you want to apply the adjustments.
Applying the Same Adjustment to an Image Multiple Times Some images can be difficult to perfect. Images shot in mixed lighting and low-light conditions often require the same adjustment applied multiple times in small increments in order to achieve the appearance you’re looking for. For example, an image shot in low-light conditions may require multiple incremental Noise Reduction adjustments so that the image is not muddied by a single strong Noise Reduction adjustment.
Working with Adjustment Presets If you frequently use the same adjustment parameter settings, you can save these settings as adjustment presets. You can create new adjustment presets, rename and rearrange adjustment presets, and delete adjustment presets you no longer use. When you create an adjustment preset, it appears in the Presets pop-up menu. You can create adjustment presets for individual adjustments or for a set of multiple adjustments.
2 At the top of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Save as Preset from the Presets pop-up menu. Choose Save as Preset from the Presets pop-up menu. 3 In the Adjustment Presets dialog, enter a name for the new adjustment preset, then click OK. Enter a name for the adjustment preset here.
The adjustment parameter settings are saved as an adjustment preset, and the adjustment preset is now available for use in the Presets pop-up menu in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Applying Adjustment Presets Applying an adjustment preset to an image is as simple as selecting the image and choosing the adjustment preset from the Presets pop-up menu.
µ To replace the adjustments previously applied to an image with an adjustment preset Hold down the Option key while choosing the adjustment preset from the Presets pop-up menu at the top of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Removing Adjustments from an Adjustment Preset You can pare down the adjustment parameter settings in an adjustment preset by removing adjustments from the preset in the Adjustment Presets dialog.
To rename an individual adjustment preset 1 In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Edit Presets from the Presets pop-up menu. You can rename an adjustment preset (for example, to fix a spelling error). 2 In the Adjustment Presets dialog, double-click the name of the adjustment preset you want to change. The adjustment preset’s name is highlighted. Double-click an adjustment preset’s name to rename it. 3 Enter a new name, then press Return.
Organizing Adjustment Presets Each time you create an adjustment preset, it is added to the bottom of the list of presets in the Adjustment Presets dialog and the Presets pop-up menu. As this list grows, it can become difficult to locate a specific adjustment preset in a long list of presets. You can rearrange the order of the presets in the Adjustment Presets dialog to make presets easier to find.
You can also organize adjustment presets of like type by grouping them together into adjustment preset groups. Creating adjustment preset groups helps reduce the list of adjustment presets that are initially displayed in the Presets pop-up menu. For example, if you have several types of Color adjustment settings saved as individual presets, you can create an adjustment preset group for Color adjustment presets, named Color Presets.
The individual adjustment presets are consolidated into the adjustment preset group and can be accessed by clicking the disclosure triangle to the left of the adjustment preset group’s name. 5 Click OK. Deleting Adjustment Presets You can delete an adjustment preset at any time. Any adjustments that were previously applied using the adjustment preset are unaffected.
The adjustment preset is transferred to the second Aperture system and accessed via the Presets pop-up menu. Restoring the Default Adjustment Presets If you’ve created and modified so many adjustment presets that they have become too difficult to manage, you can restore the default adjustment presets that came with Aperture. To restore the default adjustment presets 1 In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Edit Presets from the Presets pop-up menu.
Using Modifier Keys to Identify Color Clipping In Aperture, you can use modifier keys to get instant feedback on channel clipping when using controls in the Exposure and Levels adjustments. Color overlays appear on the image when you press the Command key and drag the sliders to indicate that any, all, or a combination of color channels have been clipped.
Understanding Color Channel Clipping Overlay Colors The color of the color channel clipping overlay indicates which color channel or combination of color channels is clipped. In addition, Aperture gives you the option of choosing color or monochromatic overlays to indicate clipping. To set the color channel clipping overlay color 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Advanced.
Adjustment Color clipping information Black Point parameter (Exposure adjustment) Red: Indicates shadow clipping in the red color channel. Green: Indicates shadow clipping in the green color channel. Blue: Indicates shadow clipping in the blue color channel. Yellow: Indicates shadow clipping in the red and green color channels. Pink: Indicates shadow clipping in the red and blue color channels. Cyan: Indicates shadow clipping in the blue and green color channels.
Adjustment Color clipping information Recovery parameter (Exposure adjustment) White: Indicates highlight clipping in all color channels. 66% gray: Indicates highlight clipping in two color channels. 33% gray: Indicates highlight clipping in one color channel. Black: Indicates no highlight clipping in any color channel. Black Point parameter (Exposure adjustment) White: Indicates no shadow clipping in any color channel. 66% gray: Indicates shadow clipping in one color channel.
Sampling Color Values The Color meter displays the color values in the image for the pixels beneath the pointer or in the target area of the Loupe. µ To use the pointer to sample the color values in an image Place the pointer over the area of the image where you want to sample the color values, and view the values at the top of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD.
µ To choose a color value option for the Color meter In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose a color value option from the Adjustment Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). Choose a color value option here. Choosing a Color Value Sample Size You can also set the sample size (pixel area) Aperture uses to determine color values.
µ To choose a color value sample size for the Color meter In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose an appropriate color value sample size from the Adjustment Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). Choose a color value sample size here. Using an External Editor If you need to perform more advanced image operations, such as compositing, you can set an external editor for use within Aperture.
To set an external editor for audio and video files in Aperture 1 Choose Aperture > Preferences, then click Export. 2 Do one or both of the following: • To set an external editor for audio files: Click the Choose button to the right of the External Audio Editor field, navigate to an application in the Select Audio Application dialog, then click Select. The application’s name appears in the External Audio Editor field.
• Moire: Use the Moire and Radius sliders and value sliders to correct color fringing in high-contrast edges and the moire pattern effect found in images with subjects whose linear patterns introduce the effect, such as a brick wall or a picket fence. For more information, see Using the Moire Controls. • Auto Noise Compensation: Select this checkbox to turn on additional adjustments, such as noise reduction and stuck pixel removal, that are automatically applied to the image.
Using the Boost Controls The Mac OS characterizes each digital camera’s RAW file format to determine an optimal contrast setting. The Boost controls allow you to set the strength of the contrast when the RAW file is decoded. The Hue Boost controls are used to maintain the hues in the image as the contrast is increased using the Boost controls. When the Hue Boost parameter is set to 1.00 and the Boost parameter is set to 1.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Hue Boost value slider to adjust the accuracy of the hues by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field. • Double-click the number in the Hue Boost value slider, then enter a value from 0.00 to 1.00 and press Return. Use the Hue Boost slider and value slider to protect hue fidelity during the RAW decoding process. A value of 0.00 preserves the original hues in the image in relation to the Boost adjustment (color contrast) during the RAW decoding process.
• Double-click the number in the Sharpening value slider, then enter a value from 0.00 to 1.00 and press Return. Use the Sharpening slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the sharpening effect applied during the RAW decoding process. A value of 0.00 applies no sharpening effect to the image during the RAW decoding process. A value greater than 0.00 increases the sharpening effect to the image.
Using the Moire Controls Digital images often have color artifacts that appear around edges and lines because of noise created by digital image sensors. Images whose subjects have linear patterns often introduce a moire pattern that gives the subject a wrinkled or rainbow-colored appearance. In addition, cameras with image sensors employing Bayer patterns often introduce noise into monochromatic images.
2 Adjust the amount of signal to apply the Moire adjustment to by doing one of the following: • The default value for the Moire slider and value slider is 0.00. Drag the Moire slider to the right to increase the amount of signal the Moire adjustment is applied to during the RAW decoding process, and drag the Moire slider back to the left to reduce it. • Click the left or right arrow in the Moire value slider to adjust the intensity by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field.
To turn on the automatic noise-compensation adjustment 1 Select a RAW image imported with or reprocessed using Aperture 3 image processing. Note: If the RAW Fine Tuning controls do not appear in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, the selected image is from a previous version of Aperture. You must first reprocess the image using Aperture 3 image processing. For more information, see Reprocessing Images from Previous Versions of Aperture.
To set the camera default 1 In the RAW Fine Tuning area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Save as Camera Default from the Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) for the RAW Fine Tuning adjustment. The RAW Fine Tuning Adjustment Presets dialog appears. 2 Enter a name for the preset and click OK. The Action pop-up menu for the RAW Fine Tuning adjustment displays the preset’s name with a checkmark next to it.
Understanding How to Read Histograms The histogram is a graph that displays relative brightness in an image, from pure black to pure white. The area under the graph represents all the pixels in the image. From left to right, the histogram describes the range of dark pixels (shadows), gray pixels (midtones), and bright pixels (highlights) in the image. The shape of the histogram graph depends on the tonality of the scene and the exposure.
Evaluating Exposure Histograms are good tools for evaluating exposure. For example, a series of peaks in the darker side of the histogram often indicates an underexposed image that consists mainly of dark pixels. A series of peaks in the center of the histogram often indicates a balanced exposure because a majority of the pixels are concentrated within the midtones of the histogram. They’re not too dark or too bright.
Evaluating Tonality and Contrast Although histogram graphs are good tools for evaluating an image’s exposure, you shouldn’t interpret histograms for exposure information only, because the shape of the histogram is also influenced by the tonality in the scene. You need to take the subject of the image into account when evaluating its histogram. For example, images shot at night are naturally going to have a majority of peaks in the darker side of the histogram.
Likewise, histograms can also depict a lack of contrast in an image. For example, an image of a rainbow in the fog lacks contrast. Without directional lighting, there aren’t any highlights or shadows in the image. In this case, the peaks of the histogram are concentrated in the center and do not come close to either the dark or bright sides. About Making Adjustments Onscreen Human eyes perceive color subjectively.
Making Image Adjustments 17 You use adjustment controls when you want to perfect an image. The type of adjustment control you use depends on the aspect of the image you are trying to change. This chapter covers the following: • Working with the Retouch Controls (p. 474) • Working with the Red Eye Correction Controls (p. 479) • Working with the Spot & Patch Controls (p. 485) • Working with the Devignette Controls (p. 495) • Working with the Straighten Controls (p. 497) • Working with the Crop Controls (p.
Working with the Retouch Controls You use the Retouch brushes to touch up imperfections in the image caused by sensor dust, image artifacts, and other environmental conditions. You can also copy an element of an image and paste it in another area for purely aesthetic reasons. Aperture provides two methods for retouching your images.
Repairing Your Images You use the Repair brush of the Retouch adjustment when the area surrounding the blemish has elements of high contrast, such as an edge, or when you need to copy texture from the source area and maintain the color and shading in the destination area. Before Repair adjustment After Repair adjustment To retouch an image using the Repair brush 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details.
Note: The mouse’s scroll wheel is disengaged when the pointer is placed over the Retouch HUD. c Set the softness of the brush by dragging the Softness slider or entering a value in the Softness value slider. d Set the opacity of the brush by dragging the Opacity slider or entering a value in the Opacity value slider. 5 If you want the Retouch adjustment to preserve edge details in the image, select the “Detect edges” checkbox.
Cloning Your Images You use the Clone brush of the Retouch adjustment to copy pixels from an area of the image with similar visual elements and paste the pixels over the area with the imperfection. No pixels are blended from the area surrounding the brush stroke. Before Clone adjustment After Clone adjustment To retouch an image using the Clone brush 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details.
c Set the softness of the brush by dragging the Softness slider or entering a value in the Softness value slider. d Set the opacity of the brush by dragging the Opacity slider or entering a value in the Opacity value slider. 5 Option-click the source area (the area where you want to copy the pixels). 6 Brush over the area with the imperfection. Brush over the blemish with the Clone brush. Deleting Retouch Brush Strokes You can delete a Retouch brush stroke at any time.
Working with the Red Eye Correction Controls You use the Red Eye tool and the Red Eye Correction adjustment controls to reduce the red-eye effect in the eyes of the subjects in your image. You use the Red Eye tool to place targets on the red eyes of the subjects in the image, and then you can adjust the radius and sensitivity of the target overlays using the Red Eye Correction controls. Aperture desaturates the red pixels within the target overlay area, reducing the effect.
The Red Eye target overlay is placed over the red eye, and the red pixels within the Red Eye target overlay are desaturated. 5 Repeat step 4 until all of the red eyes in your image are corrected. Adjusting the Size of Red Eye Target Overlays Aperture fixes red-eye in your images by desaturating the red pixels within the Red Eye target overlay area. It’s a good idea to fit each Red Eye target overlay to the size of the eye it covers.
You can also change the size of any Red Eye target overlay that you’ve already placed on an image. To change the size of an existing Red Eye target overlay 1 Display the image at full size (100 percent) by clicking the Zoom Viewer button in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or pressing Z). 2 Click the Red Eye target overlay to select it. A hand icon appears to indicate that you can select the Red Eye target overlay.
Adjusting the Sensitivity of Red Eye Target Overlays When you target a red eye in a picture, Aperture automatically chooses the area within the target overlay circle where the desaturation is applied. In a few cases, the area chosen by Aperture might be either slightly too large or slightly too small (typically including a few pixels in the eyelid skin, or missing a few red pixels inside the pupil).
• Double-click the number in the Sensitivity value slider, then enter a value from –10.00 to 10.00 and press Return. Use the Sensitivity slider and value slider to fine-tune the area within the Red Eye target overlay where desaturation occurs. The area within the Red Eye target overlay where desaturation occurs increases as the parameter value increases.
The hand icon indicates that you can drag the target overlay rather than place a new one. Drag the Red Eye target overlay over the red eye in the image. 2 Drag the Red Eye target overlay to the appropriate position over the subject’s eye. Deleting Red Eye Target Overlays You can always delete a Red Eye target overlay.
µ Command-click a Red Eye target overlay. Command-click a Red Eye target overlay to delete it. The Red Eye target overlay disappears. Working with the Spot & Patch Controls You use the Spot & Patch adjustment controls when you need to modify Spot & Patch parameter settings that were applied using previous versions of Aperture. When using the Spot & Patch adjustment to spot or patch your images, you can modify the appearance of the pixels within the target overlays.
Spotting Your Images When the area around the blemish is continuous (such as a solid color) and doesn’t contain a distinct texture, you can use the spotting method to obscure the blemish by integrating the pixels that surround it. You fix a blemish by placing the Spot & Patch target overlay over the blemish in the image and then adjusting the size of the target overlay so that it just barely covers the blemish.
The yellow Spot & Patch target overlay is placed over the blemish, and the blemish disappears. Click a blemish to place a Spot & Patch target overlay on it. Note: You can always adjust the size of the target overlay and other parameters. For more information, see Adjusting the Size of Spot & Patch Target Overlays. 5 Repeat step 4 until all of the blemishes in your image are removed.
To patch a blemish in an image 1 Select an image. 2 It’s a good idea to set the image to appear at full size (100 percent) to prevent image scaling from obscuring details. To display an image at full size, click the Zoom Viewer button in the tool strip or the Full Screen view toolbar (or press Z). 3 Choose Spot & Patch from the Adjustments pop-up menu in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. The pointer changes to a target, and the Spot & Patch HUD appears.
The pixels within the source target overlay are copied and replace the pixels within the destination target overlay. The blemish is patched. Note: You can always adjust the size of the target overlay and other parameters. For more information, see Adjusting the Size of Spot & Patch Target Overlays. 6 Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all blemishes are removed from your image. You can adjust the angle of the cloned pixels within the destination target overlay.
Adjusting the Size of Spot & Patch Target Overlays You can change the size of a Spot & Patch target overlay before and after it’s placed on an image. It’s best to adjust the size of the target overlay so it fits the area around the blemish as tightly as possible. A tight fit ensures that any visual aberrations are minimal. To change the size of the Spot & Patch target before placing it on the image Do one of the following: µ Drag the Radius slider in the Spot & Patch HUD.
3 In the Spot & Patch area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, adjust the Radius parameter by doing one of the following: • Drag the Radius slider. • Click the left or right arrow in the Radius value slider to change the radius of the Spot & Patch target overlay by single-pixel increments, or drag in the value field. • Double-click the number in the Radius value slider, then enter a value from 3 to 400 and press Return.
• Double-click the number in the Softness value slider, then enter a value from 3 to 400 and press Return. Use the Softness slider and value slider to make the edges of the Spot & Patch overlay blend better with the surrounding image area. A low value decreases the softness of pixels within the Spot & Patch target overlay, and a high value increases the softness.
• Double-click the number in the Opacity value slider, then enter a value from 0 to 100 and press Return. Use the Opacity slider and value slider to adjust the opacity of the cloned pixels in the target overlay. A low value decreases the opacity of the cloned pixels in the Spot & Patch target overlay, and a high value increases the opacity.
A low value decreases the amount of detail, such as texture or grain, preserved in the cloned pixels, and a high value increases the amount of detail. Viewing the Corrected Image Without Spot & Patch Target Overlays After retouching the blemishes in your image, you can view the corrected image with the Spot & Patch target overlays turned off.
To delete a Spot & Patch target overlay Do one of the following: µ Select a Spot & Patch target overlay in the image, then click the Delete button in the Spot & Patch area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Click the Delete button to delete a Spot & Patch target overlay. µ Command-click the Spot & Patch target overlay. Command-click a Spot & Patch target overlay to delete it. The Spot & Patch target overlay disappears.
Note: When you apply a Devignette and Crop adjustment to the same image, Aperture applies the Devignette adjustment prior to the crop in order to correct lens artifacts. Applying the Devignette adjustment before the crop prevents any distortion that would otherwise appear in the cropped image. Before Devignette adjustment After Devignette adjustment To remove the vignette from your image 1 Select an image.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Radius value slider, or drag in the value field. The left arrow limits the Devignette adjustment to the edges of the image, and the right arrow moves the Devignette adjustment toward the center point of the image. • Double-click the number in the Radius value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 2.0 and press Return. Use the Radius slider and value slider to adjust the size of the area over which the Devignette adjustment is applied.
Rotating Images with the Straighten Tool Rotating an image with the Straighten tool is as simple as selecting the tool and dragging within the image to make it straight. However, it’s important to understand that although the image appears to enlarge as you rotate it, Aperture actually crops the image so that it fits within its rectangular border without blank edges appearing on the sides. To straighten your image using the Straighten tool 1 Select an image.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Angle value slider, or drag in the value field. • Double-click the number in the Angle value slider, then enter a value from –20.0 to 20.0 degrees and press Return. Use the Angle slider and value slider to straighten the image. Decreasing the value rotates the image clockwise, and increasing the value rotates the image counterclockwise.
There are two methods for cropping an image: you can use the Crop tool to manually crop the image, or you can use the Crop adjustment controls. The method you choose is determined by the level of precision you require. The Crop tool provides a fast freehand method and works in conjunction with a Crop HUD that contains controls for setting the aspect ratio of the crop. The extra precision provided by the Crop adjustment controls is useful when you want to specify exact dimensions for the cropped image.
After adding a Crop overlay to an image, you can always change the size and shape of the overlay. µ To change the size and shape of a Crop overlay Drag a resize handle on the Crop overlay to change the size of the crop. Drag a resize handle to resize the Crop overlay. You can adjust the placement of the crop by moving the Crop overlay across the image. µ To adjust the placement of the crop Drag the Crop overlay to the appropriate position. Drag the Crop overlay to adjust its position.
• Enter a custom aspect ratio by entering values in the Width and Height fields. Aperture interprets small (single and double-digit) numbers as inches and larger numbers as pixels. 2 If you wish, click the Switch Aspect Ratio button to switch the orientation of the Crop overlay to portrait or landscape. Click the Switch Aspect Ratio button to change the orientation to portrait or landscape. The values in the Width and Height fields are reversed, and the Crop overlay is updated to show the new orientation.
Cropping Images with the Crop Controls You use the Crop adjustment controls when an extra level of precision is required. For example, if a client wants an image cropped to a precise dimension that is different from the standard aspect ratios, you use the Crop controls. Aperture uses a simple coordinate system to position the Crop overlay on the image. You simply set x and y coordinates to specify the position of the bottom-left corner of the crop.
Working with the Flip Controls You use the Flip adjustment controls when you want to flip the composition of the image vertically, horizontally, or both. Before Flip adjustment After Flip adjustment To flip the composition of an image 1 Select an image. 2 If the Flip controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Flip from the Adjustments pop-up menu. Choose how you want to flip the image from the Flip Type pop-up menu.
Although Aperture can set the white balance of the image with great accuracy, sometimes you have to use a combination of these two methods to have the image appear with the warm or cool tonality you intended. Before White Balance adjustment After White Balance adjustment Adjusting White Balance with the White Balance Eyedropper When you have pixels in your image that should be pure white, you can use the White Balance eyedropper tool to automatically set the color temperature and tint of the image.
3 Position the target area of the Loupe over the pixels in the image that are a neutral gray, then click. The white balance of the image is adjusted. The color tonality of the image is shifted either cooler or warmer, depending on the tonality of the original image. Important: Make sure that there is as little digital noise in the target area of the Loupe as possible. Digital noise can skew the white-balance calculation results, introducing a color cast that wasn’t previously there.
The left arrow decreases the color temperature of the image, and the right arrow increases the color temperature. • Double-click the number in the Temp value slider, then enter a value from 2000 K to 50,000 K and press Return. Use the Temp slider and value slider to adjust the color temperature of the image. The color temperature of the image is updated as you change the parameter value.
Using the Auto Exposure Button When you want to quickly adjust the exposure of a RAW image, you can use the Auto Exposure button. Depending on the exposure Aperture sets for the image, you can always fine-tune the image’s exposure setting using the Exposure adjustment controls. For more information about manually adjusting the exposure of an image, see Correcting Exposure in the Image.
Correcting Exposure in the Image If you’ve over- or underexposed an image, you can correct it by adjusting the Exposure parameter. The amount of latitude you have—the visually acceptable range of f-stops—depends on the file type and the bit depth of the image. Typically, a RAW file is capable of a slightly wider latitude than a JPEG file.
The exposure of the image is updated as you change the parameter value. Recovering Highlight Details in the Image Many images, especially RAW image files, have additional highlight detail that isn’t displayed by default. Aperture provides the Recovery parameter controls to give you access to that additional headroom. Because digital image sensors differ from camera model to camera model, the highlight headroom varies.
Setting the Image’s Blacks Shadow detail and the importance of visual elements in shadow vary from image to image. In addition, some cameras are more capable of capturing shadow details than others. In some photos, such as an image of a person’s face in the shadow of an alley, the shadow is the most important visual element in the image. In other images, the details in the shadows have nothing to do with the main subject of the image.
Adjusting Brightness in the Image You can adjust the Brightness parameter when you want to lighten or darken your image. When you adjust brightness, the brightness values of the midtone pixels in the image change the most. You can change the brightness of the image temporarily to see how the adjustment affects details in the shadows, midtones, and highlights. For more precise control over the range of tonality in the image, consider using the Levels adjustment controls.
Working with the Enhance Controls You use the Enhance adjustment controls to set the contrast, definition, saturation, and vibrancy, as well as the black, gray, and white tint values. You can also brush the Enhance adjustment on selected parts of an image. For more information, see Making Brushed Adjustments. Adjusting Contrast in the Image If you want to adjust the difference between the dark and bright areas of the image, you can modify the Contrast parameter.
• Double-click the number in the Contrast value slider, then enter a value from –1.0 to 1.0 and press Return. Use the Contrast slider and value slider to modify the contrast between light and dark colors in the image. A value below 0.0 decreases the contrast in the image. A value greater than 0.0 increases the contrast in the image. The contrast in the image is updated as you change the parameter value.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Definition value slider to change the clarity of the image by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field. • Double-click the number in the Definition value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 1.0 and press Return. Use the Definition slider and value slider to add local contrast to the image. A value greater than 0.0 increases the clarity in the image. The definition in the image is updated as you change the parameter value.
• Double-click the number in the Saturation value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 4.0 and press Return. Use the Saturation slider and value slider to adjust the saturation of colors in the image. A value below 1.0 decreases the color saturation in the image, and a value above 1.0 increases the saturation. A value of 0.0 removes all color from the image, making it grayscale. A value of 4.0 increases the saturation by 400 percent.
Adjusting Vibrancy in the Image You use the Vibrancy parameter controls when you want to add a bit of punch to the image without affecting skin tones. The Vibrancy parameter applies saturation to the image in a nonlinear manner. Colors that are already saturated are left alone, while saturation is added to all other colors. In addition, the Vibrancy parameter takes skin tones into account, leaving them untouched. This allows you to take a portrait and desaturate the image except for the skin tones.
A value below 0.0 decreases the color saturation in the image, and a value above 0.0 increases the saturation of the nonsaturated colors. A value of –1.0 removes all color from the image, making it grayscale except for any skin tones. Setting the Tint of Black, Gray, and White Values in the Image You use the Black Tint, Gray Tint, and White Tint color wheels when you want to selectively remove color casts from the shadows, midtones, and highlights in the image.
You use the Black Tint eyedropper to remove color casts from the shadows in your images. Before Black Tint adjustment After Black Tint adjustment To set the tint of the shadows in an image 1 Select an image. 2 If necessary, click the Tint disclosure triangle in the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to reveal the Tint color wheels, then select the Black Tint eyedropper. Click the disclosure triangle to reveal the Tint color wheels.
3 Position the target area of the Loupe over the darkest pixels in the image, then click. The tint (hue and saturation) of the black values in the image is set to remove the color cast in the shadows. Important: Make sure that there are no bright pixels in the target area of the Loupe. Bright pixels in the target area can skew the Black Tint calculation, making the image look different than intended.
2 If necessary, click the Tint disclosure triangle in the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to reveal the Tint color wheels, then select the Gray Tint eyedropper. Click the disclosure triangle to reveal the Tint color wheels. Select the Gray Tint eyedropper to activate the Loupe. The pointer changes to the Loupe, showing a magnified view of the target area. By default, the Loupe is set to magnify the image to 100 percent (full size).
You use the White Tint eyedropper to remove color casts from the highlights in your images. Before White Tint adjustment After White Tint adjustment To set the tint of the highlight values in an image 1 Select an image. 2 If necessary, click the Tint disclosure triangle in the Enhance area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to reveal the Tint color wheels, then select the White Tint eyedropper. Click the disclosure triangle to reveal the Tint color wheels.
3 Position the target area of the Loupe over the lightest (white) pixels in the image, then click. The tint (hue and saturation) of the white values in the image is set to remove the color cast in the highlights. Important: Make sure that there are no dark pixels in the target area of the Loupe. Dark pixels in the target area can skew the White Tint calculation, making the image look different than intended.
• To adjust the tint of the highlights: Drag the White point in the White Tint color wheel. Drag the Black, Gray, and White points (white circles) to selectively adjust the tint of the image. Click the disclosure triangle to reveal the Tint color wheels. You remove a color cast in a tonal range by dragging the point in the color wheel toward the opposite color. For example, to remove a blue cast, you drag the point in the color wheel toward yellow until the color cast is neutralized.
Working with the Chromatic Aberration Controls When you want to fix chromatic aberration, also known as purple fringing, you use the Chromatic Aberration adjustment controls. For example, if your image has a ghost image in high-contrast boundary areas, you use the Chromatic Aberration adjustment controls to neutralize the color fringing.
• Double-click the number in the Red/Cyan value slider, then enter a value from –5.0 to 5.0 and press Return. Use the Red/Cyan slider and value slider to neutralize red and cyan fringing. 4 If your image exhibits blue and yellow fringing, neutralize it by doing one of the following: • Drag the Blue/Yellow slider to the right to add yellow, neutralizing the blue fringing, or drag the slider to the left to add blue, neutralizing the yellow fringing.
Working with the Noise Reduction Controls You use the Noise Reduction adjustment controls when you need to reduce digital noise in an image. Digital noise is often caused by shooting at high ISO settings in low-light conditions. When you reduce noise in an image, you often have to sharpen the image to prevent blurry edges or loss of detail. For more information about sharpening an image, see Working with the Edge Sharpen Controls.
• Double-click the number in the Radius value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 2.0 and press Return. Use the Radius slider and value slider to decrease the digital noise in the image. Use the Edge Detail slider and value slider to maintain details in areas of contrast. A value of 0.0 applies no digital noise adjustment to the image. A value greater than 0.0 reduces digital noise in the image.
Adjusting Brightness Values in the Highlight Areas of the Image When you want to adjust the brightness values in the highlight areas of the image without affecting the midtones and shadows, you can adjust the Highlights parameter. Although the human eye is more sensitive to details in shadow areas than in highlight areas, such as snow, there is usually a fair amount of visual information that you can retrieve in the highlights using the Highlights parameter controls.
• By default, the Highlights value slider is set to 0.0. Double-click the number in the value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 100.0 and press Return. Use the Highlights slider and value slider to adjust the brightness values in the image’s highlights. Aperture isolates the areas of the image with highlights and updates them as you change the parameter value.
The left arrow reduces the lightening effect in the shadows, making them darker. The right arrow increases the lightening effect in the shadows, making them lighter. • By default, the Shadows value slider is set to 0.0. Double-click the number in the value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 100.0 and press Return. Use the Shadows slider and value slider to adjust the brightness values in the image’s shadows.
Adjusting the Radius of the Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the Radius parameter controls to adjust the area around each pixel that Aperture uses to assess the tonal area that each pixel inhabits. The larger the Radius value is, the larger the area used to determine each pixel’s tonality.
Adjusting the Color for Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the Color Correction parameter controls to adjust the amount of saturation applied during Highlights and Shadows adjustments. However, the saturation adjustment is most noticeable in the shadows.
• By default, the Color Correction value slider is set to 0.0. Double-click the number in the Color Correction value slider, then enter a value from –100.0 to 100.0 and press Return. The new Color Correction setting determines the amount of saturation applied to the highlights and shadows during Highlights and Shadows adjustments.
To adjust the high tonal width of the Highlights & Shadows controls 1 If necessary, click the Advanced disclosure triangle to show the advanced Highlights & Shadows controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Use the High Tonal Width slider and value slider to adjust the range of highlight tonal values affected by a Highlights adjustment.
To adjust the midtone contrast of the Highlights & Shadows controls 1 If necessary, click the Advanced disclosure triangle to show the advanced Highlights & Shadows controls in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD. Use the Mid Contrast slider and value slider to adjust the contrast of the midtone values in the image.
Adjusting Low Tonal Width for Highlights & Shadows Controls You use the Low Tonal Width parameter controls to set the range of shadows that Aperture adjusts with the Shadows controls. Increasing the Low Tonal Width parameter value widens the range of shadow tonal values that are adjusted toward the midtones. If you want to limit the Shadows adjustment to a range of shadow values that are closer to black, you decrease the Low Tonal Width parameter value.
• By default, the Low Tonal Width value slider is set to 40.0. Double-click the number in the Low Tonal Width value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 100.0 and press Return. Aperture uses the new Low Tonal Width setting to determine the range of shadow tonal values that are taken into account during a Shadows adjustment. The tonal range begins at pure black, and increasing the Low Tonal Width parameter value broadens the tonal range to include tonal values closer to the midtones.
An Overview of the Curves Adjustment Controls Before applying a Curves adjustment, it’s a good idea to get acquainted with the Curves adjustment controls. Auto Curves Combined button Auto Curves Separate button Add Point button Black Point, Gray Point, and White Point eyedropper buttons Channel pop-up menu In and Out fields Range pop-up menu • Channel pop-up menu: Choose a color channel to apply a tonal curve to from this pop-up menu.
• Range pop-up menu: Choose a viewing range option from this pop-up menu. Choosing Shadows restricts the view of the histogram and tonal curve from pure black to 50 percent gray. Choosing Normal presents the view of the histogram and tonal curve from pure black to pure white. Choosing Extended enlarges the view of the histogram from pure black to two times pure white.
3 In the Curves area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, click the Auto Curves Combined button. Click the Auto Curves Combined button to automatically set the tonal curve for the image based on all three color channels. The tonal curve of the image is adjusted. To fine-tune the tonal curve adjustment, see Adjusting the Tonal Curve of an Image Using the Curves Controls.
To automatically adjust the tonal curve of an image based on an evaluation of each color channel 1 Select an image. 2 If the Curves controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Curves from the Adjustments pop-up menu. 3 In the Curves area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, click the Auto Curves Separate button.
As you perform a tonal curve adjustment, a histogram is displayed behind the tonal curve and is updated as you manipulate the tonal curve. You can specify the tonal range of the histogram to focus the graph on the part of the tonal curve you plan to work with. For example, if you plan to manipulate the contrast in the shadow areas of the image, you can limit the tonal range of the tonal curve and histogram to display pure black to 50 percent gray only.
3 Do one of the following: • Choose RGB from the Channel pop-up menu. Choosing the RGB tonal curve allows you to manipulate the tonal curve of the red, green, and blue color channels combined. This is the proper choice when you want to modify the tint of the image in addition to the contrast. • Choose Luminance from the Grayscale section of the Curves Action pop-up menu, then choose Luminance from the Channel pop-up menu.
7 Set a point along the curve by doing one of the following: • Click a place on the curve where you want to add a point. Click the Add Point button to use the eyedropper tool to sample a portion of the image and add a point to the tonal curve. Click the tonal curve to add a new point, and drag the new point to set the tonal value. • Click the Add Point button and use the eyedropper tool to sample a portion of the image.
Points on the curve that are not selected remain anchored, allowing you to independently adjust each tonal area. Darkening the shadows and lightening the highlights creates an S-curve, indicating that the image’s contrast is increased. 9 Repeat steps 7 and 8 for each tonal area in the image that you want to correct. The tonal values in the image are adjusted, giving the image the appropriate amount of contrast.
You use the Black Point eyedropper to automatically set the black point in the image. Before Black Point Curves adjustment After Black Point Curves adjustment To set the black point in an image 1 Select an image. 2 If the Curves controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Curves from the Adjustments pop-up menu. 3 Select the Black Point eyedropper tool to activate the Loupe. Click the Black Point eyedropper button to activate the Loupe.
4 Position the eyedropper over the darkest pixels in the image, then click. The sampled pixels are used to set the black point in the image. You use the Gray Point eyedropper to automatically set the gray point in the image. Before Gray Point Curves adjustment After Gray Point Curves adjustment To set the gray point in an image 1 Select an image.
3 Select the Gray Point eyedropper tool to activate the Loupe. Click the Gray Point eyedropper button to activate the Loupe. The pointer changes to an eyedropper, and the Loupe appears, showing a magnified view of the target area. By default, the Loupe is set to magnify the image to 100 percent (full size). If necessary, you can increase the magnification of the Loupe by choosing a larger magnification value from the Loupe pop-up menu. For more information, see Viewing Images with the Loupe.
You use the White Point eyedropper to automatically set the white point in the image. Before White Point Curves adjustment After White Point Curves adjustment To set the white point in an image 1 Select an image. 2 If the Curves controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Curves from the Adjustments pop-up menu. 3 Select the White Point eyedropper tool to activate the Loupe. Click the White Point eyedropper button to activate the Loupe.
4 Position the eyedropper over the lightest pixels in the image, then click. The sampled pixels are used to set the white point in the image. Using the Curves Controls for Color Correction One of the most powerful ways to remove a color cast from an image or accentuate a desirable color cast is to adjust the tonal curves of the red, green, and blue color channels independently.
For more information about placing points on the tonal curve, see Adjusting the Tonal Curve of an Image Using the Curves Controls. Adjusting the Tonal Curve of the Red Color Channel You adjust the tonal curve of the red color channel when you want to remove red and cyan color casts in the image. Before Red Curves adjustment 552 After Red Curves adjustment Red adjustment Effect Move tonal curve down in the shadows Adds cyan to the shadows, removing red.
Adjusting the Tonal Curve of the Green Color Channel You adjust the tonal curve of the green color channel when you want to remove green and magenta color casts in the image. Before Green Curves adjustment After Green Curves adjustment Green adjustment Effect Move tonal curve down in the shadows Adds magenta to the shadows, removing green. Move tonal curve up in the shadows Adds green to the shadows, removing magenta.
Adjusting the Tonal Curve of the Blue Color Channel You adjust the tonal curve of the blue color channel when you want to remove blue and yellow color casts in the image. Before Blue Curves adjustment After Blue Curves adjustment Blue adjustment Effect Move tonal curve down in the shadows Adds yellow to the shadows, removing blue. Move tonal curve up in the shadows Adds blue to the shadows, removing yellow. Move tonal curve down in the midtones Adds yellow to the midtones, removing blue.
In addition to adjusting the tonal values of an image for overall shadows, midtones, and highlights, you can also color correct an image by adjusting the levels of the red, green, and blue channels independently. Aperture provides a way to adjust levels for each color channel, allowing you to control the color tonality in an image. You can also brush the Levels adjustment on selected parts of an image. For more information, see Making Brushed Adjustments.
2 In the Levels area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Luminance from the Channel pop-up menu, then click the Auto Levels Combined button. Click the Auto Levels Combined button to automatically set the levels for the image based on the combined luminance of all three color channels. The levels of the image are automatically adjusted. To fine-tune the Levels adjustment, see Adjusting the Luminance Levels in an Image.
To automatically adjust the levels based on an evaluation of each color channel 1 Select an image. 2 In the Levels area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose RGB from the Channel pop-up menu, then click the Auto Levels Separate button. Click the Auto Levels Separate button to automatically set the levels for the image based on an evaluation of each color channel’s luminance values. The levels of the image are automatically adjusted for each color channel.
2 In the Advanced pane, do one of the following: • By default, the Auto Adjust Black Clip slider is set to the left side of the slider control. Drag the slider to the right to increase the tolerance of Auto Levels adjustments to colors beyond the analyzed black point in the image, and drag the slider back to the left to reduce the tolerance. • By default, the Auto Adjust Black Clip value slider is set to 0.10%. Double-click the number in the value slider, then enter a value from 0% to 10% and press Return.
3 Once the white clipping point is adjusted, click either the Auto Levels Combined or the Auto Levels Separate button in the Levels area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD to view the effect on the image. Adjusting the Luminance Levels in an Image When you want to adjust the overall tonality of an image, you use the Levels adjustment controls based on a histogram that shows luminance.
4 Do one of the following: • Drag the Black Levels and White Levels sliders to where they touch the outside of the histogram graph, constraining the image to its new black and white points. Drag the Black Levels and White Levels sliders to where they touch the outside of the histogram graph. • Select the numbers in the Black (B) and White (W) fields, then enter a value from 0.00 to 1.00. By default, the black point is set to 0.00, and the white point is set to 1.00.
To adjust the midtone levels in an image Do one of the following: µ Drag the Gray Levels slider until the brightness values in the image’s midtones are correct. Gray Levels slider µ By default, the gray point is set to 0.50. Select the number in the Gray (G) field, then enter a value from 0.02 to 0.98 to correct the brightness values in the image’s midtones.
µ To uniformly adjust the brightness of the image In the Levels area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, drag the Brightness Levels slider until the brightness of the entire image is correct. Drag the Brightness Levels slider to uniformly adjust the brightness of an image.
To adjust the levels of a single color channel in an image 1 In the Levels area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose a color channel from the Channel pop-up menu. Choose a color channel from the Channel pop-up menu. 2 Drag the Black Levels, Gray Levels, and White Levels sliders (or enter values in the corresponding fields) to create the effect you want.
Adjusting the Levels of the Green Color Channel You adjust the levels of the green color channel when you want to remove green and magenta color casts in the image. Before Green Levels adjustment After Green Levels adjustment (moved Gray Levels slider right) Green adjustment Effect Move Black Levels slider right Adds magenta to the shadows, removing green. Move Gray Levels slider left Adds green to the midtones, removing magenta.
Blue adjustment Effect Move White Levels slider left Adds blue to the highlights, removing yellow. Working with the Color Controls You use the Color adjustment controls to selectively adjust the red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow colors in an image. Each color has individual Hue, Saturation, and Luminance controls.
About Hue, Saturation, and Luminance Hue (H) describes the actual color itself. Hue is measured as an angle on a color wheel. Moving a Hue slider in Aperture remaps the color from its original position on the color wheel to the new position indicated by the slider. Hue adjustments are often made to match the color of the same subject in different images. Adjusting the hue of an image is particularly useful when the subject you shot moved between various lighting conditions.
Adjusting the Color of the Image with the Color Controls When you want to adjust the color values in an image, you must first identify the colors that have the most influence on the colors you want to change. It’s important to understand that you’re adjusting the colors of the image within the RGB spectrum; therefore, you reduce yellow when you increase blue, you reduce magenta when you increase green, and so on.
Note: You can also click the Expanded View button to expand the Color area to show the controls for all colors at the same time. Click the Expanded View button to view the controls for all colors at the same time. 3 If a Hue adjustment is necessary, adjust the Hue parameter by doing one of the following: • By default, the Hue slider is set to the center of the slider control. Drag the Hue slider to the left or right to change the hue of the selected color.
The right arrow remaps the hue in the following ways: • Red Hue value moves toward yellow. • Yellow Hue value moves toward green. • Green Hue value moves toward cyan. • Cyan Hue value moves toward blue. • Blue Hue value moves toward magenta. • Magenta Hue value moves toward red. • By default, the Hue value slider is set to 0.0. Double-click the number in the value slider, then enter a value from –180.0 to 180.0 and press Return. Use the Hue slider and value slider to remap the hue of the selected color.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Luminance value slider to change the brightness of the selected color in the image by single increments, or drag in the value field. • By default, the Luminance value slider is set to 0.0. Double-click the number in the value slider, then enter a value from –100.0 to 100.0 and press Return. Use the Luminance slider and value slider to correct the brightness of the hue of the selected color.
Adjusting Custom Colors Using the Color Eyedropper If you require a more specific hue as a starting point for your color adjustment, you can use the Color eyedropper to identify a hue in the image. To adjust a custom color value in an image 1 Select an image. 2 In the Color area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, click the color button with the hue closest to the one you plan to adjust, then select the Color eyedropper tool.
Working with the Black & White Controls You use the Black & White adjustment controls when you want more control over converting your image from color to black and white than simply desaturating it gives you. The Black & White adjustment controls allow you to adjust tonal relationships and contrast in an image by adjusting the red, green, and blue channels independently.
• Double-click the number in a value slider, then enter a value from –100% to 200% and press Return. Use the Red, Green, and Blue sliders and value sliders to manually adjust the mix of color channels. The tonal and contrast values in your black-and-white image are set. You can also brush the Black & White adjustment on selected parts of an image. For more information, see Making Brushed Adjustments.
3 Click the Color well and then choose a new tint color from the Colors window, or click the disclosure button (to the right of the color well) and choose a new tint color from the pop-up color palette. The selected color appears in the Color well and tints the midtones in the image. 4 By default, the color intensity is set to the maximum value of 1.0.
2 If the Sepia Tone controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Sepia Tone from the Adjustments pop-up menu. Use the Intensity slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the sepia tint applied to the image. 3 By default, the intensity of the sepia color is set to the maximum value of 1.0.
Working with the Edge Sharpen Controls You use the Edge Sharpen controls when you want to sharpen the detail in your image. Images shot with digital image sensors are often a bit soft in focus because of the demosaic filter applied by the camera’s processor. The Edge Sharpen controls adjust the luminance values in the image, increasing the contrast between light and dark pixels that touch, creating an “edge.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Intensity value slider to adjust the sharpening by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field. The left arrow decreases the sharpening effect on the image, and the right arrow increases it. • Double-click the number in the Intensity value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 1.0 and press Return. Use the Intensity slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the sharpening adjustment. A value of 0.0 applies no sharpening adjustment to the image.
• Double-click the number in the Falloff value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 1.0 and press Return. Use the Falloff slider and value slider to adjust the strength of the subsequent sharpening adjustment. The falloff percentage is applied proportionally to the second and third sharpening passes. For example, if 0.
3 Sharpen the image by doing one of the following: • By default, the Intensity slider is set to 0.5. Drag the Intensity slider to the right to increase the amount of sharpening applied to the image, and drag the slider back to the left to reduce the amount of sharpening. • Click the left or right arrow in the Intensity value slider to adjust the sharpening by 5 percent increments, or drag in the value field. The left arrow decreases the sharpening effect on the image, and the right arrow increases it.
Working with the Vignette Controls You use the Vignette adjustment controls to apply a vignette to an image. The term vignette describes an image whose brightness fades to its periphery from its center. Vignettes are usually applied to an image after it is shot, for artistic effect. Aperture provides two types of vignettes: Exposure and Gamma. The Exposure vignette is designed to simulate a lens-created vignette.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Intensity value slider to change the amount of dark shading applied to the edges of the image, or drag in the value field. The left arrow decreases the amount of dark shading applied to the edges of the image, and the right arrow increases the dark shading. • Double-click the number in the Intensity value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 1.0 and press Return.
Applying a Gamma Vignette A Gamma vignette is an artistic adjustment that intensifies colors in the pixels affected by the vignette. Before Gamma Vignette adjustment After Gamma Vignette adjustment To apply a Gamma vignette to an image 1 Select an image. 2 If the Vignette controls are not shown in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Vignette from the Adjustments pop-up menu (or press Control-V). 3 Choose Gamma from the Type pop-up menu.
• Click the left or right arrow in the Radius value slider, or drag in the value field. The left arrow limits the Vignette adjustment to the edges of the image, and the right arrow moves the Vignette adjustment toward the center point of the image. • Double-click the number in the Radius value slider, then enter a value from 0.0 to 2.0 and press Return. Use the Radius slider and value slider to adjust the size of the area over which the Vignette adjustment is applied.
Making Brushed Adjustments 18 In Aperture, you can make adjustments to specific portions of your images with brushes to selectively correct and enhance your photos. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Brushed Adjustments (p. 586) • Controls in the Brush HUD (p. 589) • Brushing Adjustments In (p. 591) • Brushing Adjustments Away (p. 593) • Applying Quick Brush Adjustments (p. 594) • Working with Brushes (p. 596) • Working with the Skin Smoothing Quick Brush Controls (p.
An Overview of Brushed Adjustments In Aperture, you brush an adjustment when you want to specify the area of the image the adjustment is applied to. Most adjustments in Aperture can be brushed on images. You simply specify the parameter settings for an adjustment, previewing the effect of the adjustment on the entire image, and then you choose to either brush the adjustment “in” or brush the adjustment “away” using the adjustment’s Action pop-up menu.
When you brush an adjustment on an image, a Brush button appears at the top of the adjustment controls for that adjustment. A Brush button appears after the adjustment has been brushed on the image. Aperture also provides Quick Brush adjustments that have been specifically designed for brushing on images. Using Quick Brush adjustments, you brush an adjustment on the image and then modify the adjustment’s parameter settings.
However, a few Quick Brush adjustments are uniquely designed to fix imperfections best remedied with selective brushing. Examples are Halo Reduction and Skin Smoothing. When you identify the area of an image that is ideally suited for a Quick Brush adjustment, you choose the appropriate Quick Brush from the Adjustments pop-up menu in either the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD.
Each time you choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the Adjustments pop-up menu or the Quick Brush pop-up menu, the adjustment controls for the Quick Brush adjustment appear in the Adjustments inspector (and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown). Some Quick Brush adjustments, such as Retouch, have just a checkbox and a Delete button for removing brush strokes.
To show the Brush HUD for an adjustment Do one of the following: µ In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose either “Brush [adjustment] in” or “Brush [adjustment] away” from the Action pop-up menu for the adjustment. µ In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Quick Brushes from the Adjustments pop-up menu, then choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the submenu.
• Detect Edges checkbox: Select this checkbox to detect edges in the image that the adjustment is brushed over, thereby preserving detail. Brushing Adjustments In When you want to apply an adjustment to a small portion of an image, you can specify the adjustment parameter settings and then brush the adjustment in. A plus sign (+) indicates that you’re brushing the adjustment in. To brush an adjustment in 1 Select an image.
5 In the Brush HUD, specify the following settings: • To adjust the size of the brush: Drag the Brush Size slider to the left to decrease the diameter of the brush, or drag the slider to the right to increase the diameter. You can also enter a value in the Brush Size value slider. Tip: Use the scroll wheel on your mouse or two fingers on your trackpad to quickly resize the brush as you work.
Brushing Adjustments Away When you want to apply an adjustment to most of an image except for a specific portion, you can specify the parameter settings for the adjustment and then brush the adjustment away from the areas of the image you want to exclude. Brushing an adjustment away from an image is the same operation as using the eraser brush. A minus sign (–) indicates that you’re brushing the adjustment away (erasing). To brush an adjustment away 1 Select an image.
5 In the Brush HUD, specify the following settings: • To adjust the size of the brush: Drag the Brush Size slider to the left to decrease the diameter of the brush, or drag the slider to the right to increase the diameter. You can also enter a value in the Brush Size value slider. • To adjust the softness of the brush: Drag the Softness slider to the left to decrease the softness of the brush, or drag the slider to the right to increase the softness. You can also enter a value in the Softness value slider.
2 Do one of the following: • In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Quick Brushes from the Adjustments pop-up menu, then choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the submenu. • Choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon) in the tool strip. • In Full Screen view, choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the Quick Brush pop-up menu in the toolbar.
Working with Brushes There are many controls in the Brush HUD that you can use to apply, remove, and feather brush strokes.
2 If necessary, select the brushed adjustment in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, then click the Brush button in the adjustment controls. Click the Brush button. The Brush HUD for the adjustment appears. 3 In the Brush HUD, click the Feather button. Click the Feather button. 4 Specify the diameter of the brush and its intensity using the Brush Size and Strength sliders and value sliders. 5 Drag the brush over the edges of the previously applied brush strokes.
To erase brush strokes 1 Select the image with the brushed adjustment whose brush strokes you want to erase. 2 If necessary, select the brushed adjustment in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, then click the Brush button in the adjustment controls. Click the Brush button. The Brush HUD for the adjustment appears. 3 In the Brush HUD, click the Eraser button. Click the Eraser button.
2 If necessary, select the brushed adjustment in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, then click the Brush button in the adjustment controls. Click the Brush button. The Brush HUD for the adjustment appears. 3 In the Brush HUD, choose “Clear from entire photo” from the Brush Action pop-up menu. Choose “Clear from entire photo” from the Brush Action pop-up menu. All brush strokes for the selected adjustment are removed from the image.
The Brush HUD for the adjustment appears. 3 In the Brush HUD, choose “Apply to entire photo” from the Brush Action pop-up menu. Choose “Apply to entire photo” from the Brush Action pop-up menu. The brushed adjustment’s brush strokes are removed, and the adjustment is applied to the entire image.
Working with Brushed Adjustment Overlays Overlays are useful tools for identifying where brush strokes for the selected brushed adjustment have been applied to the image. When you’ve brushed an adjustment with a subtle softness and strength over the image, it can be difficult to discern the boundaries of the brush strokes. Aperture provides several types of overlays to help you visually identify the selected brushed adjustment’s cumulative brush strokes.
• On Black: This option displays a pure black mask over the image, with the brush strokes revealing the image beneath. This option is useful for showing detailed brush strokes over a bright area in the image. • On White: This option displays a pure white mask over the image, with brush strokes revealing the image beneath. This option is useful for detailed brush strokes over dark areas in the image.
2 If necessary, select the brushed adjustment in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, then click the Brush button in the adjustment controls. Click the Brush button. The Brush HUD for the adjustment appears. 3 In the Brush HUD, choose an overlay option from the Overlay section of the Brush Action pop-up menu. Choose an overlay from the Overlay section of the Brush Action pop-up menu.
To limit a brushed adjustment to a specific tonal range 1 Select an image. 2 Do one of the following: • In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose either “Brush [adjustment] in” or “Brush [adjustment] away” from the Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) for the adjustment you want to apply to the image. • Choose a Quick Brush adjustment from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon) in the tool strip.
Note: The parameter settings for the Retouch and Halo Reduction brushed adjustments cannot be modified after the adjustments have been applied. You can also modify the brush strokes of a previously applied adjustment by selecting the adjustment in the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, clicking the Brush button, and then erasing or feathering the previously applied brush strokes as needed.
To brush the Skin Smoothing adjustment on an image 1 Select an image. 2 Do one of the following: • In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Quick Brushes > Skin Smoothing from the Adjustments pop-up menu. • In the tool strip, choose Skin Smoothing from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon).
Working with the Dodge Quick Brush Controls You use the Dodge Quick Brush adjustment to lighten the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. For example, if you have a subject in the foreground of the image that you want to emphasize by making it slightly lighter than the background, you use the Dodge Quick Brush adjustment. Before Dodge adjustment After Dodge adjustment (lightened the hills in the foreground) To brush the Dodge adjustment on an image 1 Select an image.
2 In the Dodge area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, modify the Dodge adjustment by specifying the amount of the adjustment you want to apply to the image using the Amount slider and value slider. The previously applied Dodge adjustment is modified. Working with the Burn Quick Brush Controls You use the Burn Quick Brush adjustment to darken the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on.
For more information about the controls in the Brush HUD, see Controls in the Brush HUD. For more information about applying brush strokes to an image, see Working with Brushes. 4 Brush the adjustment on the area of the image you want to darken. The image appears darker where the Burn Quick Brush adjustment is applied. To modify the Burn adjustment after it has been applied to an image 1 Select an image with the Burn adjustment applied to it.
2 Do one of the following: • In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Quick Brushes > Polarize (Multiply) from the Adjustments pop-up menu. • In the tool strip, choose Polarize (Multiply) from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon). The Polarize Brush HUD appears, and the Polarize adjustment controls appear in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown.
Working with the Intensify Contrast Quick Brush Controls You use the Intensify Contrast Quick Brush adjustment to correct shadow areas of the image that appear washed out by intensifying the contrast between pure black and 50 percent gray in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. The Intensify Contrast Quick Brush adjustment is equivalent to applying an Overlay blend.
2 In the Intensify Contrast area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, modify the Intensify Contrast adjustment by specifying the amount of the adjustment you want to apply to the image using the Intensity slider and value slider. The previously applied Intensify Contrast adjustment is modified. Working with the Tint Quick Brush Controls You use the Tint Quick Brush adjustment to shift the tint in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on.
For more information about the controls in the Brush HUD, see Controls in the Brush HUD. For more information about applying brush strokes to an image, see Working with Brushes. 4 Brush the adjustment on the area of the image where you want to change the tint. The tint is shifted in the area of the image where the Tint Quick Brush adjustment is applied. To modify the Tint adjustment after it has been applied to an image 1 Select an image with the Tint adjustment applied to it.
To brush the Contrast adjustment on an image 1 Select an image. 2 Do one of the following: • In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Quick Brushes > Contrast from the Adjustments pop-up menu. • In the tool strip, choose Contrast from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon). The Contrast Brush HUD appears, and the Contrast adjustment controls appear in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown.
Working with the Saturation Quick Brush Controls You use the Saturation Quick Brush adjustment to modify the saturation of the colors in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. Before Saturation adjustment After Saturation adjustment (added saturation to the green trees in the background) To brush the Saturation adjustment on an image 1 Select an image.
2 In the Saturation area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, modify the Saturation adjustment by specifying the amount of the adjustment you want to apply to the image using the Amount slider and value slider. The previously applied Saturation adjustment is modified. Why Not Use the Enhance Adjustment? You can always brush the entire Enhance adjustment’s parameter settings in to or out of an image.
The Definition Brush HUD appears, and the Definition adjustment controls appear in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown. 3 Specify the brush stroke settings using the controls in the Definition Brush HUD. For more information about the controls in the Brush HUD, see Controls in the Brush HUD. For more information about applying brush strokes to an image, see Working with Brushes.
Working with the Vibrancy Quick Brush Controls You use the Vibrancy Quick Brush adjustment to add saturation to desaturated colors only in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. Skin tones are not affected. Before Vibrancy adjustment After Vibrancy adjustment (added saturation to desaturated colors in the green wave) To brush the Vibrancy adjustment on an image 1 Select an image.
2 In the Vibrancy area of the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, modify the Vibrancy adjustment by specifying the amount of the adjustment you want to apply to the image using the Amount slider and value slider. The previously applied Vibrancy adjustment is modified. Why Not Use the Enhance Adjustment? You can always brush the entire Enhance adjustment’s parameter settings in to or out of an image.
3 Specify the brush stroke settings using the controls in the Blur Brush HUD. For more information about the controls in the Brush HUD, see Controls in the Brush HUD. For more information about applying brush strokes to an image, see Working with Brushes. 4 Brush the adjustment on the area of the image where you want to soften or obscure detail. The visual details are softened in the area of the image where the Blur Quick Brush adjustment is applied.
To brush the Sharpen adjustment on an image 1 Select an image. 2 Do one of the following: • In the Adjustments inspector or the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, choose Quick Brushes > Sharpen from the Adjustments pop-up menu. • In the tool strip, choose Sharpen from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon). The Sharpen Brush HUD appears, and the Sharpen adjustment controls appear in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown.
• In the tool strip, choose Halo Reduction from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon). The Halo Reduction Brush HUD appears, and the Halo Reduction adjustment controls appear in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown. 3 Specify the brush stroke settings using the controls in the Halo Reduction Brush HUD. For more information about the controls in the Brush HUD, see Controls in the Brush HUD.
• In the tool strip, choose Noise Reduction from the Quick Brush pop-up menu (with a brush icon). The Noise Reduction Brush HUD appears, and the Noise Reduction adjustment controls appear in the Adjustments inspector and the Adjustments pane of the Inspector HUD, if both are shown. 3 Specify the brush stroke settings using the controls in the Noise Reduction Brush HUD. For more information about the controls in the Brush HUD, see Controls in the Brush HUD.
Printing Your Images 19 Aperture makes it easy to print high-resolution images. You can print single images, contact sheets, webpages, and books. You can print images selected in the Light Table, as well as create PDF files that you can easily transfer to clients for review. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of Printing (p. 625) • Print Controls in the Print Dialog (p. 626) • Printing Images and Contact Sheets in Aperture (p. 646) • Printing a Book (p.
You can create new print presets, modify existing print presets, and delete print presets you no longer use. When changing your print presets, remember that modifying an existing preset changes its original settings; creating a new preset, on the other hand, allows you to preserve the settings in the existing preset. For more information about working with print presets, see Creating and Modifying Print Presets.
µ To open the Print dialog Select an image or series of images in the Browser, then choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P). Presets list Preview area Print options area To simplify your workflow, there are two versions of print options for both Standard and Contact Sheets presets in the Print dialog. The default Print dialog contains basic print and layout controls.
For more information about working with the default set of Standard print controls, see Default Print Controls for Standard Prints. For more information about working with the full set of Standard print controls, see Additional Print Controls for Standard Prints. For more information about working with the default set of Contact Sheets controls, see Default Print Controls for Contact Sheets.
The basic controls for standard print presets are shown. If more controls appear, click the Fewer Options button at the bottom-left corner of the Print dialog. Select the Standard preset to see the print controls for printing individual images. The More Options button indicates that the default print controls are shown. • Printer pop-up menu: Choose a printer from this pop-up menu. • Color Profile pop-up menu: Choose a printer profile to use when printing.
Note: This option does not appear unless Custom or Roll Paper is chosen in the Paper Size pop-up menu. The units of measurement displayed in these fields depend on the region selected in the International pane of System Preferences in Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard or the Language & Text pane of System Preferences in Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard. For more information about System Preferences, see Mac Help. • Orientation pop-up menu: Choose either the Landscape or Portrait aspect ratio from this pop-up menu.
The Print dialog expands to show additional print controls for standard prints. After adjusting the additional print settings, click the Fewer Options button at the bottom-left corner of the Print dialog to return to the default print controls. Select the Standard preset to see the print controls for printing individual images. Click the More Options button to show additional print controls for standard prints. Printer Use the following controls to choose a printer and paper size.
• Width and Height fields: Enter the width and height of the printable area when Custom or Roll Paper is chosen in the Paper Size pop-up menu. Note: This option does not appear unless Custom or Roll Paper is chosen in the Paper Size pop-up menu. Layout Use the following controls to choose the orientation of the images on the page, the image size, and spacing between images when multiple images are printed on the same sheet of paper.
• Crop Image to Fill checkbox: Select this checkbox to make the image fill the frame of the Image Size selection. In most situations, a border appears on two sides. • Rows value slider: Enter the number of rows of images per page to print. Note: Aperture sets the Image Size to Custom and automatically scales the size of the images based on the number of rows specified. • Columns value slider: Enter the number of columns of images per page to print.
Rendering Use the following controls to apply a color profile, render intent, and black point compensation, and to adjust the print resolution. • Color Profile pop-up menu: Choose a printer profile to use when printing. • Render Intent pop-up menu: Choosing a render intent tells Aperture what to do with colors that fall outside of the printer’s color gamut. The two render intent options are Perceptual and Relative Colorimetric. For more information about perceptual render intent, see perceptual.
Image Adjustments Use the following controls to adjust brightness, contrast, saturation, and image sharpness. In addition, you can click the Loupe button to spot check adjustments and image sharpness before printing. Loupe button • Brightness slider and value slider: Specify a brightness setting so that the printed image matches the display’s output as closely as possible. Because displays illuminate images, images shown on a display tend to appear more luminous than when printed.
Image Options Use the following controls to rotate the image to fit the dimensions of the paper, as well as to apply image borders and watermarks. • Rotate to Fit checkbox: Select this checkbox to rotate the image so that it matches the option chosen in the Orientation pop-up menu. • Border Size value slider: Specify the width of the image border by dragging the Border value slider to the right to increase the border’s size, and to the left to decrease it. A setting of 0 (zero) applies no border.
Metadata & Page Options Use the following controls to print an image’s metadata beside it. You can also add comment lines beside the image to provide a space for reviewers to write notes, as well as print cut lines, page numbers, your studio’s logo, a title, and a subtitle. • Metadata View pop-up menu: Choose a metadata view to display beside each image. • Position pop-up menu: Choose where you want the metadata text positioned from this pop-up menu.
Print Options Use the following controls to collapse or expand the visible print controls, as well as save, duplicate, and delete print presets. • Fewer Options button: Click this button to minimize the print options to the default controls. • Print Action pop-up menu: Use this pop-up menu (with a gear icon) to save, duplicate, and delete print presets. Default Print Controls for Contact Sheets There are a default set of printer and layout controls for contact sheet presets.
The Printer and Layout controls for contact sheet presets are shown. If more controls appear, click the Fewer Options button at the bottom-left corner of the Print dialog. Select the Contact Sheets preset to see the print controls for printing contact sheets. The More Options button indicates that the default print controls are shown. • Printer pop-up menu: Choose a printer from this pop-up menu. • Color Profile pop-up menu: Choose a printer profile to use when printing.
• More Options button: Click this button to reveal more print settings such as additional layout controls, margins, image borders, metadata, and image adjustments. Additional Print Controls for Contact Sheets You can access additional print options, such as additional layout, margin, image border, metadata, and image adjustment controls.
Printer Use the following controls to choose a printer and paper size. • Printer pop-up menu: Choose a printer from this pop-up menu. • Paper Size pop-up menu: Choose a paper size from the list of available sizes, including roll paper and custom paper sizes. • Width and Height fields: Enter the width and height of the printable area when Custom or Roll Paper is chosen in the Paper Size pop-up menu. Note: This option does not appear unless Custom or Roll Paper is chosen in the Paper Size pop-up menu.
Margins Use the following controls to set the width of the margins around the contact sheet. • Top value slider: Enter the amount of space, in inches, to place between the top edge of the page and the top of the images. • Right value slider: Enter the amount of space, in inches, to place between the right edge of the page and the right side of the images. • Bottom value slider: Enter the amount of space, in inches, to place between the bottom edge of the page and the bottom of the images.
• PPI field: Enter the PPI for the images in the contact sheet in this field. Note: This option appears dimmed unless the Print Resolution is set to Custom. Image Adjustments Use the following controls to adjust brightness, contrast, saturation, and image sharpness. In addition, you can click the Loupe button to check your adjustments and image sharpness before printing. Note: The adjustments applied using the Print dialog are applied to each image in the contact sheet uniformly.
Tip: It’s a good idea to use the Loupe to check image detail when applying Sharpen adjustments, to verify that you haven’t sharpened the images in the contact sheet too much. Image Options Use the following controls to rotate the images in the contact sheet to fit the dimensions of the paper, as well as to apply image borders and watermarks. • Rotate to Fit checkbox: Select this checkbox to rotate the images in the contact sheet so that they match the option chosen in the Orientation pop-up menu.
Metadata & Page Options Use the following controls to print an image’s metadata beside it. You can also add comment lines beside the image to provide a space for reviewers to write notes. • Metadata View pop-up menu: Choose a metadata view to display beside each image. • Position pop-up menu: Choose where you want the metadata text positioned. • Font, font style, and font size pop-up menus: Choose a font, font style, and font size for the metadata text.
Print Options Use the following controls to collapse or expand the visible print controls, as well as save, duplicate, and delete print presets. • Fewer Options button: Click this button to minimize the print options to the default controls. • Print Action pop-up menu: Use this pop-up menu (with a gear icon) to save, duplicate, and delete print presets. Printing Images and Contact Sheets in Aperture There are several configurations in which you can print photos in Aperture.
• Choose a paper size from the available items in the Paper Size pop-up menu. • In the Orientation pop-up menu, choose whether you want the image printed in Landscape mode or Portrait mode. • Choose the size of the printed image from the Image Size pop-up menu, by doing one of the following: • To print the image so that the entire image fits on the page: Choose Maximum to Fit.
3 In the Copies field, enter the number of copies to print, then click Print. Printing the Same Image Multiple Times on a Single Sheet of Paper You can print the same image multiple times on the same sheet of paper. This option is useful for saving paper when the image size is small. To print the same image multiple times on a single sheet of paper 1 In the Browser, select the image you want to print. 2 Choose File > Print Image (or press Command-P).
Important: Make sure the paper type matches the color profile selected in the Aperture Print dialog. If you chose Printer Managed, make sure to enable your printer’s color management. For more information about enabling color management on your printer, see the documentation that came with your printer. 9 Click Print. Printing a Series of Images You can print multiple images at once, each on its own sheet of paper. To print a series of images 1 In the Browser, select the images you want to print.
4 In the default print options area, specify the following settings: • Choose a printer from the Printer pop-up menu. • If necessary, choose a color profile from the Color Profile pop-up menu. Note: Printer Managed, the default setting, is the appropriate choice in most cases. If you are outputting to a specific device profile or if you have color calibrated your printer, you should choose an appropriate profile from this pop-up menu.
Manually Adjusting Image Layout in the Preview Area In addition to using the Layout and Margins controls in the Print dialog, you can manually adjust the margins and spacing in the Preview area of the Print dialog. When printing a single image with a border or dimensions smaller than the paper size, you can adjust the placement of the image on the page by dragging the margin lines in the Preview area.
The distance between the edge of the paper and the edge of the image is displayed in an overlay as you drag the margin line. To manually adjust the placement of multiple images on a page 1 In the Browser, select the image or images you want to print. 2 Choose File > Print Images (or press Command-P). 3 In the Print dialog, do one of the following: • Select a print preset that prints the same image multiple times on the same sheet of paper. • Select a print preset for a contact sheet.
Printing a Book You can print a book to check its final format and appearance before handing it off to a professional printer, ordering a printed copy online, or distributing copies to others. For more information about creating and working with books, see Creating Books. To print a book 1 Select a book album in the Library inspector. The book appears in the Book Layout Editor. 2 Choose File > Print Book (or press Command-P). The OS X Print dialog appears.
Your Light Table arrangement is printed. You can also create a PDF of your Light Table arrangement using the OS X Print dialog. To create a PDF file of a Light Table arrangement 1 Select a Light Table album in the Library inspector. The Light Table appears above the Browser. 2 Do one of the following: • To print selected images: Select the images you want to print in the Light Table. • To print the entire Light Table arrangement: Deselect all images in the Light Table by clicking the background.
2 In the Print dialog, select a print preset under Custom Presets, then click the More Options button. 3 Modify the settings as appropriate. 4 When you’re ready to save the preset, choose Save Preset from the Print Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). The print preset is saved with its new settings. If you want to preserve the settings in an existing print preset, you can duplicate it and then modify the new print preset as described in Creating a New Print Preset.
To use onscreen proofing, choose the proofing profile that most closely matches the characteristics of the final output device, and then turn on onscreen proofing. When onscreen proofing is turned on, the image is converted using the selected profile before it is sent to the printer. For more information about ColorSync profiles and color calibrating your computer, see Calibrating Your Aperture System.
Exporting Your Images 20 After you’ve finished working on your images, you can use Aperture to export them as files. You can export these files to another application, send them to a printing service or to your clients via email, or publish them on the web. You can export your images in several formats, including JPEG, TIFF, PNG, and PSD file formats. During export you can rename, resize, and adjust images and include EXIF information, IPTC information, or other metadata.
An Overview of Exporting Images Using Aperture, you can export copies of masters, as well as versions that you’ve created. When you export image versions, you can export them in JPEG, TIFF, PNG, and PSD file formats. At export, you can rename files, resize and adjust images, and include metadata such as EXIF information, IPTC information, and keywords. You can also apply ColorSync profiles and watermarks to the versions you’re exporting.
Exporting Copies of Masters When you export masters, duplicates of the files that were imported from your camera or other source are created; no adjustments, file modifications, or any other changes are exported with the file. To export copies of masters 1 Select an image or images in the Browser. 2 Choose File > Export > Masters (or press Command-Shift-S). 3 In the dialog that appears, navigate to the location where you want the exported files placed.
Exporting Image Versions You can export image versions that you’ve created in Aperture. For example, you might make adjustments to images for a specific purpose and then export them for use in another application. You can also rename images when exporting them, make minor adjustments on export, add watermarks, and export images with metadata. You can also quickly export images to your email application to send them to others.
• Choose a folder name preset from the Subfolder Format pop-up menu to specify that Aperture create a hierarchy of subfolders with specific folder names to hold your files. For more information about creating folders to hold your exported images, see Exporting Images into Folders in the Finder. • Choose Custom Name or Custom Name with Counter from the Subfolder Format pop-up menu, then enter a custom folder name in the Custom Subfolder Name field.
3 In the dialog that appears, navigate to the location where you want the exported audio or video files placed. Choose a location for the exported files. Choose a name format for the exported files. 4 Do one of the following: • Choose None from the Subfolder Format pop-up menu to specify that the clips be stored as separate files in the selected folder.
The audio or video clips you selected are exported to the location you specified. If you selected the “Show alert when finished” checkbox, a dialog appears displaying the number of versions exported and the file path. If you want Aperture to open the Finder to the location where you exported your clips, click the Reveal in Finder button. Otherwise, click OK to close the dialog. Note: If you want to check on the progress of an export operation, choose Window > Show Activity.
Working with Export Presets Export presets are groups of saved export settings that help you quickly and easily export your images. Aperture comes with numerous export presets, and you can also create your own. Controls in the Export Presets Dialog Before using an export preset, whether it’s one that comes with Aperture or one that you created, you can view its settings to make sure they are exactly what you want.
• Image Quality slider: Choose how much to compress your files by dragging the slider. Setting the slider to 12 applies the least compression and results in a higher-quality image; setting the slider to 0 (zero) applies the most compression and results in a lower-quality image. • Size To pop-up menu: Export your images at their original size, or specify image dimensions or a percentage of the image’s original size. • DPI: Specify dots per inch (dpi), the resolution at which the images will be reproduced.
The Image Export dialog appears. Select a preset on which to base your new preset. Click the Add button to add a new preset. 2 Select an export preset on which to base your new preset, then click the Add (+) button. A new preset appears highlighted in the Preset Name list. 3 Enter a name for the new preset, then press Return. 4 Change the export settings as required, then click OK. Modifying an Export Preset You can modify existing presets when you need to.
To delete an export preset in the Image Export dialog 1 Select the preset, then click the Delete (-) button. Click the Delete button to delete the selected preset. 2 In the dialog that appears, click Delete. The preset disappears from the Preset Name list. 3 Click OK. The preset is permanently deleted. Note: If you click the Delete button and then click Cancel, the preset reappears the next time you open the Image Export dialog.
• Choose File > Export > Versions (or press Command-Shift-E), then choose Edit from the Export Preset pop-up menu. The Image Export dialog appears. Enter a DPI setting for exported images here. 2 Select an export preset or create a new one, then enter a dpi setting. For more information on creating export presets, see Creating an Export Preset. 3 Specify additional settings as necessary, then click OK. Use this export preset when you need to export versions at the resolution specified in the DPI field.
The Image Export dialog appears. Choose a Size To option and enter the corresponding values here. 2 Select an export preset or create a new one. For more information on creating export presets, see Creating an Export Preset. 3 Choose an item from the Size To pop-up menu, then specify the size of the image by entering values in the fields that appear below it. 4 Specify additional settings as necessary, then click OK. Use this export preset when you need to export images at a specific size.
To adjust images at export, you create a new export preset in the Image Export dialog and then modify the Image Quality, Gamma Adjust, ColorSync Profile, and Black Point Compensation settings as appropriate. Use these options to adjust images when they are exported. Gamma adjustments applied at export are applied on top of gamma adjustments previously applied to image versions. Before exporting, verify that you are not doubling any gamma adjustments previously applied to your images.
• To apply black point compensation to the exported images: Select the Black Point Compensation checkbox. 4 Specify additional settings as necessary, then click OK. Use this export preset when you want to export images with the adjustments you specified. Adding a Watermark at Export A watermark is a visible graphic overlay that is applied to an image. Photographers often use watermarks to indicate that images are protected by a copyright and to discourage others from inappropriately using their images.
Tips for Creating High-Quality Watermarks Use the following guidelines to create high-quality watermarks for your images: • Save your watermark as a PSD (Photoshop) file with a transparent background. • Create multiple sizes of your watermark so that you can select the one that is the best match for the output size of the exported image. Note: If a watermark file is larger than the image you want to export, Aperture automatically scales the watermark down to fit the image.
Exporting Images into Folders in the Finder When you export versions and masters, you can have Aperture place the files individually into a selected folder or create subfolders to hold the files. For example, you might have the exported files placed in subfolders identified by date. You can create folder name formats that you can quickly choose to select the folder structure you want. To create a folder name preset, you select the name elements you want in the Folder Naming dialog.
To create a folder name preset 1 Do one of the following: • Choose Aperture > Presets > Folder Naming. • In the Export dialog, choose Edit from the Subfolder Format pop-up menu. The Folder Naming dialog appears. 2 Click the Add (+) button to create a new folder name format, or select the preset folder name format you want to change. 3 Drag the name elements you want into the Format field in the order you want them. 4 Drag a slash between the elements where you want subfolders created.
Renaming Images at Export When you export a large group of images, the exported files often have nonsequential names. You can rename your images at export, giving them more meaningful names. For example, suppose you want to export images LA 031, LA 441, LA 686, and LA 894 from image group LA 001 to LA 1061. You can use the Custom Name with Index name format to rename your images LA 1, LA 2, and so on. To rename images at export 1 Select the image or images you want to export.
To create a new name format 1 Do one of the following: • Choose Aperture > Presets > File Naming. • Choose File > Export > Versions (or press Command-Shift-E), then choose Edit from the Name Format pop-up menu. The File Naming dialog appears. 2 In the Preset Name list, select an existing name format on which to base the new name format, then click the Add (+) button. Select an existing name format in this list. Click the Add button. A copy of the selected name format is created.
If necessary, enter relevant naming information in the fields provided. Remove name elements from the Format field by selecting them and pressing Delete. You can also type characters directly in the Format field. The name format example automatically updates as you change the name elements. Name elements appear here. Remove a name element by selecting it and pressing Delete. Add name elements by dragging them to the Format field.
2 In the File Naming dialog, select the preset name format you want to modify. Select the name format you want to modify. Select the space between name elements and delete it. 3 In the Format field, select and delete the spaces or characters between the name elements. If you wish, you can also add spaces or characters between name elements. 4 Click OK. Exporting Metadata Listed in a Separate File You can select images and export the metadata assigned to them in a tab-delimited text file.
Exporting Using Plug-ins Some applications, social networking sites, and photography services supply plug-ins that allow Aperture to export files automatically with the format and settings the application or service requires. For example, a stock photography service or print lab may require that images be transferred at a specific size, in a specific file format, or with particular types of metadata.
To send an image directly to your email application 1 Select the image you want to send. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose File > Share > Email (or press Option-E). • Click the Email button in the toolbar. The image is exported directly to your email application. Note: Before you attempt to email an image, find out the maximum file size your email client supports. If your exported images exceed this maximum file size, consider using FTP software or another file-sharing technique to deliver your images.
To export items in the Library inspector by dragging 1 In the Library inspector, select the items you want to export by Shift-clicking adjacent items and Command-clicking nonadjacent items. 2 Drag the items to the desktop or any location in the Finder. The exported items are consolidated into a single Aperture library. The library is named after the item that appears at the highest point (from top to bottom) in the Library inspector.
Creating Slideshow Presentations 21 With Aperture, you can easily create and present slideshows of your images. You can quickly create a slideshow from a selection of images, or you can create an advanced multimedia presentation complete with video clips, a layered soundtrack, and customized titles, borders, transitions, and effects. You can also export your slideshows as movies to share them with others on the web or play them on iPhone, iPod, iPod touch, iPad, or Apple TV.
To create an impromptu slideshow based on an image selection and play it on your computer, you use slideshow presets. Slideshow presets are collections of predefined slideshow settings that determine the overall look of your slideshow and how your images appear on the screen. Aperture provides a number of slideshow presets, and you can also create your own custom presets.
Slideshow presets are groups of predefined settings for playing a slideshow. For example, you can choose a slideshow preset to change the theme or apply transitions and timing to your onscreen presentation. Aperture provides several slideshow presets from which to choose: • Dissolve: Displays each image for 3 seconds, with a 2-second cross fade over a black background.
To create or modify a slideshow preset, you choose Aperture > Presets > Slideshow (or choose Edit from the Slideshow Preset pop-up menu in the Play Slideshow dialog), and the Slideshow dialog appears. The Slideshow dialog lets you create or modify slideshow presets. You can then select a slideshow preset or create a new one, specifying the settings you want. Playing a Slideshow Using a Preset You can easily set up a slideshow by selecting the images you want and then choosing a slideshow preset.
The Play Slideshow dialog appears. 3 Choose a preset from the Slideshow Preset pop-up menu: • Dissolve: Displays each image for 3 seconds, with a 2-second cross fade over a black background. • Fade through Black: Displays each image on a black background for 3 seconds, with a 2-second cross fade that fades to black between each image. • Manual: You control this slideshow’s progression with the Right Arrow and Left Arrow keys. • Slow Dissolve: Displays each image for 5.1 seconds, with a 5-second cross fade.
4 Click Start. If either no image or a single image is selected, the slideshow displays all images in the current album or project. Important: You can save slideshows and share them by creating a slideshow album and then placing the image versions for your slideshow in it. For more information, see About Creating Slideshows with the Slideshow Editor. About Displaying Sharp Images in Slideshows To display slideshows at the best quality, you should set Aperture to create high-resolution previews.
You can then play the slideshow by following the instructions in Playing a Slideshow Using a Preset. Controls in the Slideshow Dialog The Slideshow dialog contains options for creating and modifying slideshow presets. In it, you can choose how many images to display at a time, how those images are arranged, and how long each image is displayed in your slideshow. You can also choose to play slideshows on one or two displays, with custom background colors and music.
• Background color well: Change the background color of your slideshow by clicking the Background color well and then selecting a new background color from the Colors window, or click the disclosure button (to the right of the color well) and select a new background color from the pop-up color palette. • Inset value slider: Use this value slider to adjust the space between the edges of the screen and the images. • Transition pop-up menu: Choose the type of transition that occurs between the slides.
To create a new slideshow preset 1 Choose Aperture > Presets > Slideshow. The Slideshow dialog appears. 2 Select a preset in the Preset Name list on which to model your new preset. 3 In the bottom-left corner of the dialog, click the Add (+) button. Select a preset in the list. Click this button to add a new preset. A copy of the slideshow preset appears highlighted in the Preset Name list. 4 Enter a new name for the copied slideshow preset, then press Return.
The Slideshow dialog appears. 2 Select the preset you want to modify in the Preset Name list. 3 Modify the slideshow preset’s settings as appropriate. 4 When you’ve finished modifying settings for the slideshow preset, click OK. To revert back to the preset’s original settings 1 In the Slideshow dialog, select the preset whose settings you want to revert. 2 Click the Reset Preset button.
• Create a new slideshow preset. For more information about creating new slideshow presets, see Creating Slideshow Presets. 5 In the Slideshow dialog, select the “Play music during slideshow” checkbox. Select this checkbox if you want to play music or an audio clip during your slideshow. Select a song or an audio clip. Click the Play button to preview your choice. 6 Navigate to a song or an audio track in the audio browser.
For more information about creating slideshow presentations using the Slideshow Editor, see the following sections: • Workflow for Creating a Multimedia Slideshow Presentation • Creating Slideshow Albums • Changing a Slideshow’s Theme • About Editing Slideshow Transitions and Applying Effects • Modifying Settings Applied to the Entire Slideshow • Modifying Individual Slides and Transitions • Adding Music and Audio to Slideshows • Viewing Your Slideshows in Aperture • Sharing Your Slideshow Movies Workflow
Stage 5: Selecting Music Choose the music or audio clip that will play during the slideshow. You can apply a looped song to the main audio track and then add voiceover audio clips and other audio clips to the secondary audio track. Stage 6: Adjusting Transitions Adjust transitions to emphasize the most important images in the slideshow or give a particular treatment to images with similar subject matter.
2 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Slideshow. • Control-click an item in the Library inspector, then choose New > Slideshow from the shortcut menu. • Choose Slideshow from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar. 3 In the dialog that appears, give the slideshow a name, select a theme, and make sure the “Add selected items to new slideshow” checkbox is selected. Enter a name for your slideshow in this field. Make sure this checkbox is selected.
The new slideshow album containing the selected images appears in the Library inspector, and the Slideshow Editor appears above the Browser. If you want to rename the slideshow album, double-click the slideshow album’s name in the Library inspector and enter a new name. The new slideshow album appears in the Library inspector. You can also create an empty slideshow album and then drag images into the album. To create a new, empty slideshow album 1 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Slideshow.
• Choose Slideshow from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar. 2 In the dialog that appears, give the slideshow a name, then select a theme. You can preview slideshow themes by selecting themes in the left column. 3 Make sure the “Add selected items to new slideshow” checkbox is not selected. 4 Click Choose Theme. The new, empty slideshow album appears in the Library inspector, and the Slideshow Editor appears above the Browser.
Which Slideshow Theme Should You Choose? Aperture provides a set of professionally designed themes you can use to present slideshows of your images. However, the Classic and Ken Burns slideshow themes are the most customizable. Use the dialog that appears when you create a new slideshow album or when you click the Theme button in the Slideshow Editor to preview the slideshow themes that come with Aperture. If you want to significantly modify a slideshow theme, choose Classic or Ken Burns.
µ To show the Default Settings and Selected Slides controls Click the Slideshow Settings button (with a slide icon) in the lower-right corner of the Slideshow Editor, then click either the Default Settings or Selected Slides button. Click here to change settings for all slides. Click here to change settings for the selected slides only. The slideshow controls in either the Default Settings or Selected Slides pane appear, depending on which button you clicked.
• Choosing a Background Color for the Slideshow • Adding Uniform Borders to Slides • Fitting the Slides to the Aspect Ratio • Adding Uniform Transitions Between Slides • Adding Text to Slides Note: The availability of controls in the Default Settings pane of the Slideshow Editor depends on the theme selected for the slideshow. Select the Classic or Ken Burns slideshow theme to view all of the controls in the Slideshow Editor. For more information about selecting a theme, see Changing a Slideshow’s Theme.
µ To loop playback of the slideshow’s main audio track In the Default Settings pane of the Slideshow Editor, select the “Loop main audio track” checkbox. Applying a Title to the Slideshow You can apply a title to the beginning of your slideshow. Note: The title controls in the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor and the title options in the Slideshow Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) are available for use only with the Classic and Ken Burns slideshow themes.
Setting the Length of Time Slides Play Next, you need to set the length of time the slides play. µ To set the length of time the slides play In the Default Settings pane of the Slideshow Editor, specify the number of seconds that each slide should appear onscreen using the “Play slide for” value slider. Note: Depending on which theme is applied to the slideshow, additional controls may appear for fitting the slideshow to the soundtrack and aligning the slideshow to beats.
Adding Uniform Borders to Slides You can add a uniform border to the slides in your slideshow to help distinguish them from the background. Border color well Disclosure button for the pop-up color palette Border value slider To add image borders 1 In the Default Settings pane of the Slideshow Editor, specify the width of the border using the Border value slider. 2 To specify a border color, do one of the following: • Click the Border color well, then select a color from the Colors window.
You can have Aperture scale the images so that they fill the screen, with no part of the background showing. Keep in mind that Aperture must zoom in to most of the images to make them fit the aspect ratio of the slideshow. This means that parts of the images will be cropped. To set the crop characteristics for your images Do one of the following: µ To fit every image in the slideshow within the chosen aspect ratio without cropping the images, choose Fit in Frame from the Crop pop-up menu.
2 If you chose a transition that can be applied in more than one direction, click a Transition direction button to set the direction of the transition. The Preview area shows the angle at which animated transitions enter and exit the frame. Note: The Transition direction buttons appear dimmed if you choose a transition that can be applied in only one direction. 3 Set the duration of the transitions between slides by specifying the time, in seconds, using the Speed value slider.
Yellow alignment guides appear to help you center the text horizontally and vertically or align the text in the upper third or lower third of the image. Yellow lines appear to help you position the text. The slide text is moved to the new position, appearing in the same position over each slide. Modifying Individual Slides and Transitions After specifying the basic settings for a slideshow, you use the Selected Slides controls to modify or accentuate specific slides and transitions.
Note: The availability of controls in the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor depends on the theme applied to the slideshow. For more information about working with the default settings for a slideshow, see Modifying Settings Applied to the Entire Slideshow. Working with Video Slides In Aperture, you can add video clips as individual slides in your slideshow. You work with video clips in the Slideshow Editor and Browser in the same way that you work with images.
You can also set the volume of a video clip to smoothly decrease over time by applying a fade-out. Adding a fade-out to a video clip helps prevent an abrupt transition from the audio in the video clip to the audio clip in the slideshow’s main audio track. µ To add a fade-out to a video clip In the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor, specify the duration of the fade-out, in seconds, using the Fade Out slider and value slider.
Modifying the Display Time for Individual Slides You can modify the length of time any image in your slideshow appears onscreen. To set the display time for a specific slide or group of slides 1 Select an image or group of images in the Browser. 2 In the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor, select the “Play slide for” checkbox. Make sure this checkbox is selected. Specify a duration using this value slider.
3 Press the Space bar to play the slideshow. As the playhead moves over the selected slide in the Browser, the duration counter in the overlay counts the number of seconds. The playhead stops when it reaches the end of the slide, but the duration counter continues to count. 4 Press Return to stop the counter and set the current slide’s display duration. The playhead moves to the next slide in the Browser. 5 Repeat step 4 until the duration of each slide is set. 6 When you have finished, click Done.
Adding Image Borders to Individual Slides You can apply a border to any image or group of images in a slideshow. To add image borders to a selected slide or group of slides 1 Select an image or group of images in the Browser. 2 In the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor, select the Border checkbox. Make sure this checkbox is selected. Click here to select a color from the Colors window. Click here to select a color from the pop-up color palette.
Setting the Crop for Individual Slides You can make an image or a group of images in your slideshow fill the screen. Choose how you want the image cropped from this pop-up menu. Make sure this checkbox is selected. To make the image or group of images in the slideshow fill the screen 1 Select an image or group of images in the Browser. 2 In the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor, select the Crop checkbox. 3 Choose Fill Frame from the Crop pop-up menu.
2 In the Selected Slides pane of the Slideshow Editor, select the Crop checkbox. Choose Ken Burns Effect from the Crop pop-up menu. 3 Choose Ken Burns Effect from the Crop pop-up menu. A Ken Burns effect is applied to the image. You can also choose where the Ken Burns effect panning begins and ends within the image. To set the start and end frames for the Ken Burns effect 1 Follow the steps above for applying a Ken Burns effect to an individual slide.
4 If you wish, you can reverse the panning motion by clicking the Reverse button. Reverse button 5 When you are satisfied with the panning path of the Ken Burns effect, click Done. The customized Ken Burns effect is applied to the image. Tip: Click the Preview Slideshow button or press the Space bar to review the customized Ken Burns effect you applied to the image.
4 If the transition effect can be applied in more than one direction (the Move In transition, for example), you can set the direction of the transition by clicking one of the Transition direction buttons. The chosen transition is applied between the images selected in the Browser with the duration and direction you specified. Adding Text to an Individual Slide You can add text to individual images in your slideshow using the Text controls.
Adding Music and Audio to Slideshows You can add music and audio to your slideshow using the Audio browser controls in the Slideshow Editor. In the Slideshow Editor, you can add audio to slideshows in two ways. The first method of adding audio to a slideshow involves dragging a song or an audio clip from the Audio browser to the background of the timeline in the Browser. Audio added in this way is called the main audio track. The main audio track is used to play audio, such as a song, in the background.
The second method of adding audio to a slideshow involves dragging a song or an audio clip, such as voiceover recorded using GarageBand, from the Audio browser to a specific slide in the Browser. Dragging an audio clip to a slide creates a secondary audio track, which appears as a green bar below the slides in the Browser. You can trim the length of audio clips in the secondary audio track as well as control fade-in and fade-out effects.
• Removing Audio Clips from Your Slideshow Adding Audio Clips to Your Slideshow You can add audio to your slideshow by dragging an audio clip to the background of the Browser to create the main audio track, or you can drag an audio clip to a specific slide in the Browser to create the secondary audio track. To add an audio clip to the main audio track in your slideshow 1 If the Audio browser controls are not shown in the Slideshow Editor, click the Audio Browser button.
The background of the Browser appears green, indicating that the selected song or audio clip is applied to the main audio track of the slideshow. The main audio track clip always starts at the beginning of the slideshow. When there is more than one clip in the main audio track, the audio clips are placed back to back, with no gaps. Drag the song or audio clip to the Browser’s background. The background of the Browser becomes green.
2 Choose the source for your audio from the Source list pop-up menu. Choose the source audio for your audio from this pop-up menu. Select a song or audio clip in this area. Audio Browser button 3 Select a song or audio clip from the Audio browser. 4 If you wish, preview the audio by clicking the Play button. 5 Drag the selected song or audio clip to the specific slide in the Browser where you want the audio to begin.
A green bar appears at the bottom of the Browser to indicate that the audio clip has been added to the secondary audio track. When the playhead reaches the secondary audio track, the audio clip in that track plays over any audio clip in the main audio track. Drag the song or audio clip to where you want the secondary audio to begin. The green bar indicates a clip in the secondary audio track. 6 Repeat steps 2 through 5 to add additional audio clips to the secondary audio track.
The pointer changes to a Resize pointer, indicating that you can change the clip duration. Use the Resize pointer to shorten or lengthen the audio clip. You can also adjust the placement of an audio clip in the secondary audio track after the clip has been applied. µ To adjust the placement of an audio clip in the secondary audio track Drag the audio clip to a new position in the Browser timeline. The pointer changes to a hand, indicating that you can drag the audio clip to a new position.
2 Do one of the following: • Choose Adjust Audio from the Slideshow Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). • In the Browser, double-click the audio clip. The Audio Adjustments HUD appears. 3 In the Audio Adjustments HUD, drag the Fade In slider to the right to increase the duration of the fade-in, or to the left to decrease the duration. You can also click the left or right arrow in the Fade In value slider, or drag in the value field. Fade In slider Fade In value slider A setting of 0.
You can also click the left or right arrow in the Fade Out value slider, or drag in the value field. Fade Out value slider Fade Out slider A setting of 0.0s turns the fade-out off. The volume at the end of the audio clip in the secondary audio track will slowly decrease according to the setting you specified in the Audio Adjustments HUD. You can specify the volume of clips in the main audio track or turn the track audio off completely when a clip in the secondary audio track is playing.
• To mute the main audio track: Make sure the “Reduce volume of main track to” checkbox is selected, then set the slider to 0%. Use this checkbox and the controls below to change or mute the volume of clips in the main audio track. Syncing the Main Audio Track to the Slides in the Slideshow You can set the slideshow to fit the duration of the main audio track. However, you need to make sure that the audio clips you apply to the main audio track are long enough to play each slide.
2 In the Audio Adjustments HUD, click the Revert All button. Click this button to reset all audio adjustments. Removing Audio Clips from Your Slideshow If necessary, you can remove audio clips from both the main and secondary audio tracks. To remove an audio clip from the main audio track 1 In the Browser, select the audio clip in the main audio track. The audio clip is surrounded by a white outline. 2 Press the Delete key.
Viewing Your Slideshows in Aperture You can view your slideshow at any time in one of two ways in Aperture: in full-screen mode or in the Slideshow Editor. Play Slideshow button Slideshow Action pop-up menu Slide Duration button Slideshow Settings button Audio Browser button Preview Slideshow button To preview your slideshow in the Slideshow Editor Do one of the following: µ µ In the Slideshow Editor, click the Preview Slideshow button.
Sharing Your Slideshow Movies Once you have completed your slideshow, you are ready to share it with clients and friends. Aperture provides a few simple controls for exporting your slideshow as a movie, in the size and format most suitable for your intended audience. When you’re ready to share your slideshow, the first thing you need to decide is how it will be viewed.
Using the Light Table 22 The Light Table provides a large, open space where you can freely resize, group, and rearrange images. You can also easily arrange related images together to compare them, as you might during color correction. This chapter covers the following: • An Overview of the Light Table (p. 732) • Creating a Light Table Album (p. 733) • Placing and Viewing Images in the Light Table (p. 734) • Moving and Resizing Images in the Light Table (p.
An Overview of the Light Table The Light Table is used to arrange and view images. You can work with images in the Light Table just as you would work with slides on a physical light table. You can place a selection of images in the Light Table for review and drag them to new positions, arranging, grouping, and resizing them in different combinations to see how they might look on webpages or book pages.
Creating a Light Table Album To view images in the Light Table, you first create a Light Table album. You can create a new, empty album and drag images into it, or you can select images in a project and create a Light Table album to hold them. To create a new, empty Light Table album 1 In the Library inspector, select Library Albums or the project or folder where you want the new Light Table album to appear. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Light Table.
To create a Light Table album that holds a selection of images 1 In the Browser, select the images you want in the Light Table album. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Light Table. • Control-click the selected item in the Library inspector, then choose New > Light Table from the shortcut menu. • Choose Light Table from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar. Choose Light Table from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar.
µ To add images to the Light Table Select a Light Table album in the Library inspector, then drag images from the Browser to the Light Table. Simply drag images from the Browser to the Light Table. µ To remove an image from the Light Table Select the image, then click the Put Back Selected button. Click the Put Back Selected button to remove a selected image. The image disappears from the Light Table but remains available in the Browser.
If you have many images in a Light Table album, it may be difficult to remember which images you haven’t yet placed in the Light Table. You can set the Browser to show only those images that haven’t been placed in the Light Table. Show All Images button Show Unplaced Images button µ To see only images in the Browser that remain unplaced Click the Show Unplaced Images button. µ To see the entire contents of the Light Table album in the Browser Click the Show All Images button.
µ To change the size of an image Position the pointer over the image, then drag a resize handle. Move the pointer over the image to show the resize handles, then drag to change the image’s size. µ To reset an image to its previous size Control-click the image, then choose Reset Selected Size from the shortcut menu.
You can also select a group of images in the Light Table and automatically align them according to their top, bottom, or side edges, or by their centers. In addition, you can have Aperture arrange a selected group with equal space between each image. When you drag an image, guidelines appear, helping you align it with the other images. To manually align images 1 In the Light Table, select the images you want to align, making sure that the image or group of images you want to align with remain unselected.
If some images in a group are hidden behind other images, you can also reveal, or uncover, all images in the group. To reveal images in the Light Table that are covered by other images 1 Select the top image in the group. The top image is selected. 2 Click the Uncover button (or press Shift-X). Click the Uncover button to reveal all images under the selected image. 3 Select an uncovered image. The images are regrouped, with the selected image on top.
Adjusting the Light Table View You can adjust the Light Table view to better view and work with images. This is particularly useful when the Light Table is larger than your screen size. You can also increase the area of the Light Table. Scale to Fit button Drag the Light Table Zoom slider to zoom in or out. µ To zoom in to or out of the Light Table Drag the Zoom slider to change the view. µ To fit the Light Table to your screen size Click the Scale to Fit button.
Printing Light Table Arrangements After arranging your images, you can print the image arrangement for further review. For more information about printing Light Table arrangements, see Printing a Light Table Arrangement. Deleting a Light Table Album You can quickly delete an entire Light Table album. If you’ve transferred images from the Light Table album to other projects or albums, the images in the other projects and albums remain unchanged, even though the Light Table versions are gone.
Creating Books 23 Using the book designs and page layouts included in Aperture, you can print outstanding portfolios of your work that show your images in their best light. You can order printed books of your images using the Apple print vendor service, which provides excellent printed results and direct delivery to you or your clients. You can also print your own custom books on a color printer, or create files that you can hand off to a print vendor.
An Overview of Creating Books Aperture provides options for creating a print book to suit a variety of needs. When you select or create a book album in the Library inspector, the Book Layout Editor appears along with the Browser. You use the Book Layout Editor to set up the page structure of your book and place images and text on the pages. The Book Layout Editor is where you design your book. The Pages pane on the left shows thumbnails of your book pages.
You can apply a master page design to any selected page to define where your text and images appear. Pages appear with gray photo boxes to hold images and text boxes to hold text. To add images, you drag them into the photo boxes from the Browser. To add text, you select a text box and type or paste text into it. If you wish, you can also place metadata boxes next to images to display an image’s version name, caption, keywords, and other metadata.
Note: Although you can create books larger than 99 pages, there is a 99-page limit for books ordered through the Apple print vendor. When you try to order a book larger than 99 pages, a dialog warns you that there are too many pages. If you plan to print a book using the Apple print vendor, make sure to keep the number of pages at or below the 99-page limit.
Stage 8: Repositioning and Resizing Images Reposition and resize images, adjusting individual page layouts if necessary. Stage 9: Adding Text to Your Book Add text to your pages and cover. Stage 10: Proofing Your Book Print a proof and carefully review the text and layout of the book. Stage 11: Distributing Your Book Send the book to the Apple print vendor, or create a PDF file that you can print or send to a print vendor.
3 Select the “Add selected items to new book” checkbox. 4 If you plan to use the Apple print service to print your book and you want to check the pricing for your book type and theme combinations, click the Options & Prices button. Pricing options for ordering printed books through the Apple print service appear in your web browser. 5 When you’re ready, click Choose Theme. A new book album appears in the Library inspector, containing the selected images.
Controls in the Book Layout Editor The Book Layout Editor is where you design the layout of pages in your book and add images and text to pages. The Book Layout Editor is where you design your book. For more information about the controls in the Book Layout Editor, see Book Layout Editor. Choosing a Theme You choose a theme for your book when you create your book album. However, you can change the book’s theme at any time.
Warning: It’s possible to lose text when you change themes. If you change book themes, make sure to first copy the text you’ve entered into another document so that you have a backup copy. To choose a new theme for your book 1 In the Book Layout Editor, click the Theme button. Theme button A dialog appears, alerting you that you may lose text when you change themes and any custom layouts you created will not be preserved. 2 Click OK. 3 Choose a book size from the Book Type pop-up menu.
Navigating to Book Pages You can navigate to pages in your book by clicking a page in the Pages pane or by clicking the navigation buttons. µ To view a particular page in a book Use the scroll bar in the Pages pane of the Book Layout Editor to scroll to a specific page, then click the page to select it. Click to select the page you want in the Pages pane. Use the scroll bar to scroll through the pages in your book.
µ To display pages singly or side by side Click the Show Single Pages or Show Full Spreads button. Note: Printing single- or double-sided pages is a function of your printer and the options available in the printer’s Print dialog. If you’re purchasing printed books from the Apple print vendor, your book is automatically printed double-sided. Resizing the Page View You can reduce or enlarge the view of your book pages in the Book Layout Editor.
Placing Images Automatically Using the Autoflow feature, you can have Aperture automatically place your images in a book. It’s a good idea to set up the page structure of your document first by creating the number of pages needed and assigning master page layouts. Then arrange your images in the Browser in the order in which they should appear in the book and let Aperture place the images into the structure you created.
Viewing Images to Be Placed in a Book After an image is placed in the book, its Browser thumbnail is marked with a number to show how many times the image appears on the pages of the book. The number indicates the number of times an image has been placed in a book. In a long book with many images, it can at times be difficult to know which images have been placed in a book. To help you work efficiently, you can click the Show Unplaced Images button to see only the images that remain unplaced.
2 Click the Show Viewer button. Show Viewer button The Book Layout Editor is replaced by the Viewer, allowing you to view the images in detail and perform adjustments. To return to the Book Layout Editor, click the Show Viewer button again. Making Adjustments to Images in a Book You can't select and use the Lift, Stamp, Rotate, and adjustment tools in the tool strip when using the Book Layout Editor.
Adding Individual Pages to a Book The most basic way to build a book is to create new pages one by one, adding them to the book as you go. Set Master Page pop-up menu Add Pages pop-up menu To add a single page to a book 1 In the Book Layout Editor, select a page in the Pages pane. The new page you are about to create will appear just after the selected page. 2 Choose Add New Page from the Add Pages pop-up menu. The new page appears in the Pages pane just after the selected page.
To duplicate a single page in a book Do one of the following: µ Select a page in the Pages pane where the new page should appear, then choose Edit > Duplicate (or press Command-D). µ Select a page in the Pages pane, then choose Duplicate Page from the Add Pages pop-up menu. A new page appears in the Pages pane with the same page layout as the one you selected. Automatically Creating New Pages Aperture can automatically add pages to a book to accommodate the unplaced images in the Browser.
3 Choose Add New Pages > With Unplaced Images from the Add Pages pop-up menu. All of the unplaced images in the album are added to new pages in the book. Adding New Pages to Hold a Selection of Images You can also select a group of images and Aperture can automatically place them on new pages in a book. Aperture creates the number of pages needed to hold the selected images.
Adding New Pages Based on a Master Page You can add pages that are based on a specific master page. Set Master Page pop-up menu Book Action pop-up menu Remove Pages button Add Pages pop-up menu To add a new page that is based on a master page 1 To show master pages, choose Show Master Pages from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) in the Book Layout Editor. 2 Select a page in the Pages pane. The new page will appear just after the selected page. 3 Select a master page in the Master Pages pane.
2 Select a master page in the Master Pages pane. 3 Choose Add New Pages From Master > With Unplaced Images from the Add Pages pop-up menu. Aperture adds the unplaced images to new pages and places them at the end of your book. All the new pages are based on the selected master page. If you do not want the new pages to appear at the end of the book, drag them to the position in the book that you prefer in the Pages pane. For more information, see Reordering Pages in a Book.
Add as many index pages as your book needs to hold all the images. 4 Drag images to the photo boxes to fill the index pages at the end of your book. If you want the index pages to appear in a different position in your book, drag them in the Pages pane. You can also add an index of image metadata to your book. µ To add a metadata index to your book Choose Create Index from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) in the Book Layout Editor.
• Choosing a Background Image • Using Page Numbers in a Book • Rebuilding a Book Creating a Cover for Your Book When you create a new book album, Aperture automatically creates a front cover page for the book. You can select the page and add a title, cover image or design, and other text or images that you like. You can also choose between a softcover or hardcover design.
Choosing a Master Page Layout You select a design for your page by applying a master page layout. Aperture provides different master page layouts depending on the theme you choose. You choose a page design from the Set Master Page pop-up menu. For example, you might create a single-image page and then later decide to change that page to hold two images. You can apply different master page designs to a page to find the design that works best for your project.
Choosing a Background Image You can choose a background image to appear behind the other images on a page. For example, you might create a page that shows a bride and groom in the foreground and a church setting in the background. Or, you might choose a background image that complements the colors of a foreground image. To choose a background image for a page 1 Select the page in the Pages pane of the Book Layout Editor.
You can also choose the Automatic option to turn on page numbering. When chosen, the Automatic option displays page numbers on pages when no images appear behind them. µ To turn off page numbering Choose Page Numbers > Off from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) in the Book Layout Editor. Rebuilding a Book If you’ve made modifications to the design of a book and you want to start over with an unmodified design, Aperture can rebuild your book.
Adding Photo Boxes to a Book Page After creating a page and applying a master page design, you may need to add more photo boxes to hold images on the page. You can select a different master page design that has more photo boxes, or you can add photo boxes where you need them. To add a photo box to a page 1 In the Book Layout Editor, click the Edit Layout button, if it’s not already selected. 2 Select a page in the Pages pane. 3 Choose Add Photo Box from the Add Box pop-up menu.
The Image Scale HUD appears. 2 Drag the image to change the part that’s visible within the box. Changing the Aspect Ratio of a Photo Box Book pages hold photo boxes with specific sizes and aspect ratios. You can select a photo box and change the aspect ratio to fit the image. For example, you can change a photo box with a landscape orientation to one with a portrait orientation.
As you drag a photo box, yellow guidelines appear that mark the important margins and image borders on your page. Using the guidelines, you can make sure that your photo boxes correctly align with other boxes on your pages. To arrange photo boxes on the page 1 In the Book Layout Editor, click the Edit Layout button, if it’s not already selected. 2 Select the photo box you want to move or resize. 3 Drag the photo box to a new location, or drag a handle on the selected box to change the image’s size.
2 Select the box or boxes you want to copy. 3 Choose Edit > Copy. 4 Select the page where you want the copied photo box or boxes to appear. 5 Choose Edit > Paste. To cut the contents of selected photo boxes, placing the contents in the Clipboard 1 In the Book Layout Editor, click the Edit Content button, if it’s not already selected. 2 Select the photo box or boxes whose contents you want to cut. 3 Choose Edit > Cut Content.
µ To remove photo boxes from a page Click the Edit Layout button, select a photo box or boxes, then choose Edit > Cut (or press Delete). Changing the Look of Images with Filters Aperture allows you to change the look of images in books by applying filters. For example, you might apply a filter that fades an image so that you can position text over it to create an interesting cover. You can also apply filters that change an image to black and white or sepia.
You can give the map a title that appears over the bottom-left portion of the map. To give the map a title 1 In the Book Layout Editor, double-click the map. The Map Options HUD appears. 2 In the Map Options HUD, enter a title for the map in the Title field at the top of the HUD. Enter a title for the map here. A title appears over the bottom-left portion of the map in the Book Layout Editor.
A new, untitled location appears. Click the Add (+) button. An Untitled location appears. 3 Click the Untitled location and enter a location that you would like to appear on the map. A list of locations appears below. Enter the first few letters of a new location and choose the location from the list that appears. 4 Choose the location from the list. The new location appears on the map in the Book Layout Editor.
2 In the Map Options HUD, do one of the following: • To temporarily remove a location from the map: Deselect the checkbox next to the location’s name. • To permanently remove a location from the map: Select the location’s name, then click the Remove (–) button. Deselect the location’s checkbox to temporarily remove it, or... ...click the Remove (–) button to permanently remove it. The location is removed from the map.
• To show curved lines with arrowheads indicating the direction of movement from one place to another: Choose Show Lines with Arrowheads. Choose to show direction lines on the map from the Action pop-up menu. The direction lines appear on the map. When you show direction lines on the map, they may not initially connect locations in a way that matches the route you intended. You set the path of the direction lines by rearranging the order of the locations in the Map Options HUD.
The direction lines on the map are updated to match the order of locations in the Map Options HUD. You can specify which part of the map is visible on the page by zooming in to and out of the map and repositioning the map. To zoom in to and out of the map 1 If necessary, double-click the map in the Book Layout Editor. 2 In the Map Options HUD, drag the Zoom slider (at the top of the HUD) to the right to zoom in and to the left to zoom out.
See the following sections for specific information: • Placing Text on the Page • Adding Text Boxes to a Page • Adding Metadata Boxes to a Page • Hiding or Showing Image Plate Numbers in Books • Choosing a Text Style • Making Font Changes in Books • Arranging Text on the Page • Changing the Number of Text Columns • Removing Text Boxes from a Page Placing Text on the Page Master page designs provide text boxes that you can select and enter text in.
3 Choose Add Text Box from the Add Box pop-up menu. Add Box pop-up menu A new text box appears on the page. 4 Drag the text box to the location where you want it to appear. You can resize a text box by dragging its resize handles. Adding Metadata Boxes to a Page You can display images on a book page along with any metadata associated with them. To display an image’s metadata, you add a metadata box to the page and link it to the image.
2 Select the metadata box. 3 Choose Unlink Metadata Box from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). To relink a metadata box 1 In the Pages pane of the Book Layout Editor, select the page that has the metadata box you want to link. 2 Command-click the metadata box and the photo box you want to link to select them both. 3 Choose Link Metadata Box from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon).
To show the Fonts window Do one of the following: µ µ Select a text box, then choose Edit > Show Fonts (or press Command-T). Control-click the text box, then choose Font > Show Fonts from the shortcut menu. Arranging Text on the Page You can resize and reposition text and metadata boxes on a book page. First click the Edit Layout button; then click boxes to select them. Selected boxes display handles that you drag to resize the boxes.
Working with the Layout Options Inspector You can select an item on a book page and view its geometry using the Layout Options inspector. Some printers require precise layout dimensions; you can use the Layout Options inspector to accurately place all items on the page by specifying new dimensions using the value sliders. In addition, you can change the angle of text and photo boxes, as well as apply a color border to a photo box.
3 Set the color of the border by clicking in the Color well and then choosing a color in the Colors window. The border is applied to the image. µ To close the Layout Options inspector Choose Hide Layout Options from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) in the Book Layout Editor. Working with Master Pages Master pages supply the initial design of your book pages. You apply master page designs repeatedly throughout a book.
For more information, see the following sections: • Viewing Master Pages • Creating and Modifying Master Pages • Unifying and Splitting Master Pages • Updating Book Pages with Master Page Changes Viewing Master Pages To view and work on a book theme’s master pages, you must show the master pages in the Master Pages pane. µ To show master pages Choose Show Master Pages from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) in the Book Layout Editor.
To duplicate and modify a master page design 1 Choose Show Master Pages from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon) in the Book Layout Editor. 2 Select the master page you want to duplicate in the Master Pages pane. 3 Choose Duplicate Page from the Add Pages pop-up menu. The new duplicate page appears in the Master Pages pane underneath the original page. 4 If you want to rename the page, double-click its title and type a new name. 5 Select the new master page and make your changes.
To split a master page that doesn’t have left or right versions into left and right versions 1 Select a master page in the Master Pages pane of the Book Layout Editor. 2 Choose Split Master Page from the Book Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon). You can now adjust the position of items on the new pages to match the margins on the left and right pages. Updating Book Pages with Master Page Changes After you change a master page, the modified design can be applied to pages in your book.
5 In the Theme Name field, enter a name for the custom theme. 6 Enter the book’s dimensions in the Page Size, Image Spacing, and Margins areas, then click OK. The new custom theme appears in the Themes list. Sharing Custom Themes You can share custom book themes with other Aperture systems.
3 Drag the duplicate book album to a new project, if you wish. 4 With the duplicate book album selected in the Library inspector, select an image in the Browser and choose Edit > Select All (or press Command-A). 5 To remove the images from the album, choose Photos > Remove From Album (or press Delete). All the images are removed from the Browser and the book pages. 6 Select the project, folder, or album that has the images you want to place in the book.
For more information, see Creating a Book Album. 3 When entering a name for the book album and choosing a theme in the dialog that appears, choose a third-party book plug-in from the Non-Apple Books section of the Book Type pop-up menu. Custom themes designed specifically for the third-party book plug-in appear in the Themes list. 4 Select a theme, then click Choose Theme. 5 After you have finished laying out the book, click the Send Book button at the top-right corner of the Book Layout Editor.
Creating Webpages 24 In Aperture, you can easily create webpages of your images that you can post to your MobileMe account homepage or to your own website. Then clients can conveniently review your work via the Internet. Using the built-in Aperture webpage themes, or designs, you can create web galleries that show your images in eye-catching settings. You can also create web journal pages of images and explanatory text, narrative, or captions that support your images.
Making Adjustments to Images in a Web Gallery or Web Journal You can’t select and use the Lift, Stamp, Straighten, Crop, or Red Eye tool or any Quick Brush adjustments when using the Webpage Editor. To use these tools to make a change to an image in a web gallery or web journal, select the image in the Browser, then click the Show Viewer button at the top of the Browser (to the right of the List View button). The selected image appears in the Viewer, and you can make your changes.
Creating Webpage Albums To create a web gallery, you must first create a webpage album that holds your web gallery images. The easiest way to do this is to select images you want to appear in the web gallery, create a webpage album, and have Aperture automatically place the images on the web gallery pages. Aperture creates as many webpages as necessary to hold all of the selected images.
You can also create an empty webpage album and then drag images into the album. To create a new, empty webpage album 1 Do one of the following: • Choose File > New > Web Page. • Control-click in the Library inspector, then choose New > Web Page from the shortcut menu. • Choose Web Page from the New pop-up menu in the toolbar. 2 In the dialog that appears, give your webpage album a name, select a theme, and make sure to deselect the “Add selected items to new web page” checkbox. 3 Click Choose Theme.
You can change the search criteria, thus changing the contents of the Smart Web Page Album, at any time. For more information about working with Smart Albums, see Grouping Images with Smart Albums. Creating Web Journal Albums To create a web journal, you must first create an album that holds your web journal’s images. The easiest way to do this is to select images you want to appear in the web journal and create an album.
A new, empty web journal album is added to the Library inspector. You can drag the images you want into the new web journal album from the Browser or from other items selected in the Library inspector. To make changes to the web journal pages, you use the controls in the Webpage Editor. For more information, see Web Journal Controls. Viewing and Navigating Through Webpages As you modify your web galleries and web journals, there are some easy ways to view and navigate through your pages.
To see an enlarged image from a webpage Do one of the following: µ In the Webpage Editor, position the pointer over the image, then click the Detail button (with a curved arrow). µ Click the up arrow and down arrow buttons on the side of the Detail Images pane to navigate through detail pages for the images in a web gallery or web journal. To return to the page view after viewing an enlarged image Do one of the following: µ µ In the Webpage Editor, click the Index link above the image.
Resizing the Images on Webpages You can increase or decrease the size of images on your pages. To change the size of images on a page 1 In the “Fit images within” pop-up menu in the Webpage Editor, choose whether you want the images to be spaced according to their longest edge or both edges. 2 To increase or decrease the image size, double-click in the number field of the Width and Height value sliders and enter new numbers, or click the left or right arrows.
µ To delete an image from a web gallery Select the image in the Browser, then choose Photos > Remove from Album (or press the Delete key). Changing Text on Web Gallery Pages Depending on the theme you choose for your web gallery, pages may appear with titles, subtitles, or headings. You can change the sample text to text appropriate for your web gallery pages.
Aperture places your images in the photo boxes designed for the page. To remove an image from a web journal page 1 In the Webpage Editor, click the image to select it. 2 Click the Remove button (with a minus sign) to remove the selected photo box. You can add text boxes to web journal pages as you need them. Text boxes are added to the page one after another. New text boxes are always added to the bottom of the page, but you can drag text boxes to new locations when you need to rearrange them.
Adding Web Journal Pages by Metadata Category You can have Aperture create pages in your web journal to hold images that have a type of metadata, such as a specific rating, keyword, or image date. For example, you can have Aperture create a page for each keyword assigned to the album’s images and place images that have certain keywords on the correct pages automatically.
2 Click the Remove Page (–) button to delete the page, then click the Delete button when prompted. Reordering Pages in a Web Journal You can change the order of web journal pages when necessary. To move a page up or down in the page order of a web journal 1 In the Webpage Editor, select the thumbnail of the page you want to move in the Pages pane. 2 Choose either Move Current Page Up or Move Current Page Down from the Page Action pop-up menu (with a gear icon).
The Internet address for the webpage appears below the Publish Album As field. Make sure to write down this address for later use. • Thumbnail Image Preset pop-up menu: Choose the quality you want for displayed thumbnail images. • Detail Image Preset pop-up menu: Choose the quality of detail images that will appear when someone clicks a thumbnail. 3 When you’re ready, click Publish. All images are first exported to your local hard disk and then uploaded to your MobileMe account.
You can also open your webpages in a standard HTML editor and make the changes required for them to work in your site. You can add and revise the HTML code that creates the page structure. You can plan how the pages link to the structure of your website and provide additional items such as navigation buttons or links that normally appear on your webpages.
Working with Web Export Presets Web export presets are groups of saved export settings that are configured to produce different types of web images. You use them to help you quickly and easily export your images for use on the web. Aperture comes with a number of web export presets, and you can also create your own.
• Image Quality slider: Choose how much to compress your JPEG files by dragging the slider to a number. Setting the slider to 12 applies the least compression and results in a higher-quality image; setting the slider to 0 (zero) applies the most compression and results in a lower-quality image. • Gamma Adjust slider: Gamma describes how your image distributes brightness. Drag the slider to apply a uniform gamma adjustment to your exported images.
The Web Export dialog appears. Select a preset. Then click the Add button. 2 Select a web export preset on which to base your new preset, then click the Add (+) button. A new preset, based on the export preset you selected, appears highlighted in the Preset Name list. 3 Enter a new name for the preset. 4 Change the export criteria as required, then click OK. Modifying Web Export Presets After examining a selected preset’s settings, you may want to change something about the preset.
2 Select the export preset you want to change, modify its settings, then click OK. Deleting Web Export Presets You can delete web export presets when you no longer need them. µ To delete a web export preset In the Web Export dialog, select the preset, then click the Remove (–) button. Select a preset. Then click the Remove button. The preset is permanently deleted.
7 To adjust the opacity of the watermark, drag the Opacity slider to a new position. 8 When you’re satisfied with how your watermark appears in the watermark preview area, click OK. Tips for Creating High-Quality Watermarks Use the following guidelines to create high-quality watermarks for your images: • Save your watermark as a Photoshop (.psd) file with a transparent background.
Sharing Your Images Online 25 Aperture can publish images directly to your MobileMe Gallery and even update your Gallery automatically. Publishing albums to your Gallery is an ideal way of providing easy access to your photos on the web. You can also share your images with your Flickr and Facebook accounts from within Aperture. Any comments your friends post about an image in one of your Facebook accounts appear in the Metadata inspector in Aperture.
An Overview of Sharing Images You can use Aperture to easily publish albums to your MobileMe account on the web. You simply select the images and movies that you want to publish and then create a MobileMe album. Aperture automatically transfers the images and movies to your MobileMe account and creates a new MobileMe Gallery album for anyone with Internet access to view.
The first time you create a MobileMe, Flickr, or Facebook album, Aperture prompts you to enter your account information. If you don’t have an account with any of the websites, you can create one. Aperture stores your account information for each website in the Mac OS X secure keychain. You can also post images to multiple MobileMe, Flickr, and Facebook accounts from within Aperture.
About Flickr Sets When you publish images to a Flickr set, the image or group of images is placed in a Flickr album in the Library inspector. Likewise, if Aperture detects a new Flickr set in your Flickr account, Aperture creates a new Flickr album in the Library inspector and downloads the set’s configuration. Clicking the Sync button next to the new Flickr album downloads the images from the Flickr set. Note: A Flickr album is not created for images and video published to your Flickr photostream.
Note: If you already have a MobileMe account, you can skip ahead to Setting MobileMe Preferences, next. At the MobileMe website you can read about all the MobileMe features available to account users, review pricing, and even sign up for a free trial. Follow the instructions on the MobileMe website to sign up, receive a member name, and set a password. Write down your member name and password. You’ll need it to set your MobileMe preferences.
A dialog appears in Aperture with controls for creating a new MobileMe album and setting access restrictions for it. 3 Choose New Album from the Album pop-up menu. 4 Type an album name in the Album Name field. This name is used for the album that is created in the Library inspector and for the MobileMe album in your MobileMe account. 5 Type a short synopsis detailing information about the images in the album in the Album Description field.
• To allow visitors to download both optimized JPEG images for the web and their masters: Choose Optimized & Master Images from the pop-up menu. • To allow visitors to upload photos to the MobileMe album: Select the “Allow Uploading of photos via web browser” checkbox. • To allow uploading of images to your album by sending an email or using an iPhone: Select the “Allow Adding of photos via email or iPhone” checkbox.
You can now use Safari to see the published MobileMe album. To view the published MobileMe album Do one of the following: µ In the Library inspector, select the MobileMe album, then choose Visit MobileMe Gallery from the MobileMe pop-up menu in the tool strip. µ Open Safari and go to the MobileMe website at http://www.me.com. Log in using your member name and password. If necessary, switch to Gallery view by clicking the cloud button in the upper-left corner.
A dialog appears in Aperture with controls for publishing to a MobileMe album as well as setting access restrictions for your MobileMe album. Choose the album you want to publish to from the Album pop-up menu, then click Publish. Aperture uploads the images to the selected album in your MobileMe Gallery. To remove an image from a published MobileMe album 1 In the Library inspector, select the MobileMe album with the image you want to remove. 2 In the Browser, select the image. 3 Press Delete.
Updating Your MobileMe Gallery Settings You can set Aperture to automatically check to see whether new albums have been uploaded to your MobileMe Gallery and download the new or changed albums to the Library inspector by selecting the “Automatically check for newly published albums” checkbox in the Web pane of the Aperture Preferences window. The Web preferences pane also displays the amount of iDisk storage that you’re currently using and the total storage capacity to which you have access.
Aperture syncs with the MobileMe account and downloads any new albums that have been posted to your MobileMe Gallery outside of Aperture. You can also have Aperture sync with a specific MobileMe Gallery album immediately and download any photos or videos posted outside of Aperture. µ To update a MobileMe Gallery album in the Library inspector In the Library inspector, click the Sync button (with a broadcast symbol) to the right of the MobileMe album’s name.
Publishing Images to Flickr and Facebook In order to share images from your Aperture library with Flickr and Facebook, you create Flickr and Facebook albums in the Library inspector. The first step in creating Flickr and Facebook albums is entering your Flickr and Facebook account details. You only have to do this once. After you’ve entered your account details, Aperture securely stores the information in the Mac OS X user account’s secure keychain.
4 In the Flickr account sign-in page, do the following: • Enter your Yahoo! ID. • Enter your password. • Select the “Keep me signed in” checkbox. Selecting this checkbox keeps you signed in for two weeks and prevents you from having to sign in to Flickr every time you want to publish images to your Flickr account within a two-week period. 5 Click Sign In. A new page opens in Flickr asking if you arrived at this page via Aperture Uploader. 6 Click Next.
You can also view the specific Flickr account and the set the images were published to, along with when the images were published, using the Metadata inspector. For more information, see Viewing and Changing Metadata in the Metadata Inspector and Inspector HUD. To sign in to Flickr and upload a photo or video to your photostream 1 In Aperture, select a photo or a video. Note: If you have a basic Flickr account, you can upload only one video file at a time to your Flickr photostream.
6 Click Next. A new page opens in Flickr asking if you want Aperture Uploader to link to your Flickr account. 7 Click the “OK, I’ll Authorize It” button, then switch back to Aperture. A new dialog appears in Aperture with controls for creating a new Flickr set as well as setting access restrictions for your Flickr page. 8 Do the following: • If necessary, choose the Flickr account you want to publish to from the Flickr Account pop-up menu. • Choose Photostream from the Set pop-up menu.
• Click Login. 4 In the dialog that appears, do the following: • If you have multiple Facebook accounts, choose the Facebook account you want to publish to from the Facebook Account pop-up menu. • Choose New Album from the Albums pop-up menu. • Give your Facebook album a name in the Album Name field. • In the Photos Viewable By pop-up menu, choose an access level to set who can view your Facebook album. • Click Publish.
3 In the dialog that appears, do the following: • Enter your email address. • Enter your password. • Select the “I agree to Facebook’s terms” checkbox. • Click Login. 4 In the dialog that appears, do the following: • If you have multiple Facebook accounts, choose the Facebook account you want to publish to from the Facebook Account pop-up menu. • Choose Wall from the Album pop-up menu. • Enter a comment to appear with your photo or video in Facebook in the Comment field. • Click Publish.
To create a new Flickr album to publish as a Flickr set 1 Do one of the following: • In the Projects & Albums section of the Library inspector, select an item. • In the Browser, select a group of images. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose File > Share > Flickr. • Click the Flickr button in the toolbar. 3 In the dialog that appears, do the following: • If you have multiple Flickr accounts, choose the Flickr account you want to publish to from the Flickr Account pop-up menu.
Aperture publishes your album to Facebook, and the new Facebook album appears in the Library inspector. You can begin working with your new Facebook album by dragging images into it. Updating Your Flickr and Facebook Albums As your Flickr and Facebook albums grow, you can publish them at any time. Aperture checks to see which image versions have already been published in the album and then uploads any version that has changed and any new versions.
µ To visit your published Facebook album In the Library inspector, select the Facebook album you want to visit, then choose Visit Facebook Gallery from the Facebook pop-up menu in the tool strip. Your web browser opens your Facebook page and displays your published album. Deleting Flickr and Facebook Albums You can delete Flickr and Facebook albums in the Aperture library at any time.
2 In the tool strip, do one of the following: • To change the settings for a published Flickr set: Choose Settings from the Flickr pop-up menu, then specify new settings in the dialog that appears. • To change the settings for a published Facebook album: Choose Settings from the Facebook pop-up menu, then specify new settings in the dialog that appears. Working with Multiple MobileMe, Flickr, and Facebook Accounts In Aperture, you can share images with multiple MobileMe, Flickr, and Facebook accounts.
µ To disable all of your online accounts in Aperture Choose File > Web Accounts > Disable All Accounts. All of your online MobileMe, Flickr, and Facebook accounts and their associated albums are disabled and removed from Aperture. However, the album configurations are saved in case you want to reenable the accounts later. The albums, sets, and their contents still appear in the MobileMe, Flickr, or Facebook accounts online.
Backing Up Your Images 26 To safeguard your photography portfolio, it’s important to establish a reliable backup system and back up regularly. You can use the Aperture backup system to back up the entire Aperture library on a regular basis. Aperture clearly indicates how up to date your most recent backup is, and you can update your backups immediately whenever you wish.
You can make and store as many complete backups of the library as you wish. If you want to keep a historical archive of the library, you’ll need to devise a system of storing separate backups in some regular chronological order. You set Aperture to back up a copy of the library to a designated storage area called a vault. For safety and redundancy, use external hard disks to hold your vaults. Aperture lets you create as many vaults as you deem necessary.
A typical backup system used with Aperture might look like the following: Office Aperture library (internal disk) Remote location Vault (external disk) Vault (kept offsite and updated regularly) This system backs up the Aperture library to two vaults stored on external hard disks. You routinely back up the library on one external hard disk. You use the second hard disk as a backup that you keep offsite.
Controls in the Vault Pane You use the Vault pane below the Library inspector to set the location of your vaults and check their status. To show the Vault pane Do one of the following: µ µ Choose Window > Show Vaults (or press Shift-R). Click the Vault Pane button. There are several controls that you use when you update vaults.
Creating Vaults Before you can back up your files, you must create a vault and assign a hard disk to it. After you assign a disk to the vault, Aperture uses the vault to back up the entire library. You can create additional vaults and assign hard disks to them, and each additional vault also records a complete backup of the library. To create a new vault 1 Do one of the following: • Choose File > Vault > Add Vault. • Choose Add Vault from the Vault Action pop-up menu.
µ To see the hard disk assigned to a vault In the Vault pane, click the disclosure triangle beside the vault name. Disclosure triangle You can easily see the amount of free space your vault has available next to the vault name. Make sure to assign enough disk space to the vault to ensure a complete backup of the library and to allow the library to grow as you import new images over time. Updating Vaults You can have Aperture update your vaults at any time.
4 In the dialog that appears, click the Update button. Disconnecting a Vault’s Hard Disk Drive from Your System Temporarily You may routinely disconnect a backup hard disk drive from your Aperture system and take it to a safe offsite location. When you disconnect a backup hard disk from your computer, Aperture takes the associated vault offline. When you reconnect the hard disk, Aperture automatically detects the hard disk and connects it to the corresponding vault.
Deleting a Vault Permanently You can delete an entire vault and all the images on it when you need to reconfigure your backup system. This is useful when you have moved your backup vault to a larger-capacity hard disk and you want to delete the vault information from the current hard disk drive to use it for other purposes. To permanently remove a vault and delete its information 1 Do one of the following: • Choose Window > Show Vaults (or press Shift-R). • Click the Vault Pane button.
The Restore Library dialog appears. 3 Choose Select Source Vault from the Source Vault pop-up menu. 4 If necessary, navigate to the vault from which you want to restore, then click Select. 5 Click Restore, then click Restore again. Repairing and Rebuilding Your Aperture Library In the rare event that your Aperture database becomes corrupted or the files within it have permissions issues, Aperture provides a few methods for reconstituting your Aperture library and the file relationships within it.
Note: This option does not relocate referenced images whose master image files are offline. For more information about reconnecting offline images, see Reconnecting Missing or Offline Referenced Images. • To repair your Aperture library file: Select Repair Database. This is the first option you should use if you believe there is something wrong with the Aperture library other than image file access issues. • To rebuild your database from scratch: Click Rebuild Database.
Customizing the Aperture Workspace 27 Aperture provides several controls that allow you to customize the Aperture workspace. Aperture provides a Preferences window for setting preferences such as the brightness of the background against which your photos are displayed and how preview images are generated. In addition, Aperture provides controls for changing the layout of the toolbar as well as assigning custom keyboard shortcuts to commands.
Setting Aperture Preferences Aperture provides a Preferences window for specifying settings that control the location of the Aperture library, the appearance of the Aperture window, the application used to import photos onto your computer, how images are exported out of Aperture, how color labels are defined, how preview images are generated, as well as additional advanced settings. By taking time to specify your preference settings, you can speed up your workflow.
• Labels button: Click this button to display options for assigning text to color labels. For more information, see Labels Preferences. • Previews button: Click this button to display options for how Aperture creates and displays preview images. For more information, see Previews Preferences. • Web button: Click this button to display options for reviewing and updating albums that you’ve published to your MobileMe Gallery. For more information, see Web Preferences.
Appearance Preferences Use the controls in the Appearance preference pane to customize the Aperture interface. The Appearance preference pane contains the following controls: • Viewer Brightness slider: Adjust the Viewer background brightness using this slider. • Full Screen Viewer Brightness slider: Adjust the Full Screen view background brightness using this slider. • Browser Brightness slider: Adjust the Browser background brightness using this slider.
Import Preferences Use the controls in the Import preference pane to specify what Aperture should do when a camera is connected, whether to import photos into a new project or into the item selected in the Library inspector, and the length of time used to determine when to automatically split projects. The Import preference pane contains the following controls: • “When a camera is connected, open” pop-up menu: Specify which application should open when a camera is connected to your computer.
• External Editor File Format pop-up menu: Choose the file format in which to export an image to an external editor. You can also specify the dot-per-inch (dpi) resolution of the image in the dpi field. • External Editor Color Space pop-up menu: Choose a color space in which to work with your images in the external photo editor. • External Audio Editor field: You can use an external audio editor to make adjustments to your audio clips. To identify an external editor, click Choose and select an application.
Previews Preferences Use the controls in the Previews preference pane to set how Aperture creates and displays preview images. The Previews preference pane contains the following controls: • “New projects automatically generate previews” checkbox: To set Aperture to create previews for the images in all new projects and new libraries, select this checkbox. Deselect this checkbox if you don’t want previews created for images in new projects.
Web Preferences Use the controls in the Web preference pane to set options for reviewing and updating albums that you’ve published to your MobileMe Gallery, Flickr accounts, and Facebook accounts, as well as add and remove MobileMe, Flickr, and Facebook accounts within Aperture. The Web preference pane contains the following controls: • Accounts column: Select the account you want to modify in this column.
Advanced Preferences Use the controls in the Advanced preference pane to specify the display threshold for hot and cold areas of images, add tolerance to Auto Levels adjustments, choose whether clipping overlays are displayed in color or monochrome, specify that Aperture look up image location information when images are imported, and specify that Aperture create a new version when you adjust an image.
Customizing the Toolbar The toolbar can be customized to display exactly the items you need. You can customize the toolbar by selecting the items to include, rearranging items, and choosing whether both the item’s icon and text appear. Hiding and Showing the Toolbar The toolbar is shown by default, but you can choose to hide it. µ To hide the toolbar Choose View > Hide Toolbar (or press Shift-T). µ To show a toolbar that has been hidden Choose View > Show Toolbar (or press Shift-T).
Note: Because you can customize the toolbar by adding and removing buttons and controls, your toolbar may look different from the one pictured in this manual. 2 Configure the toolbar by doing any of the following: • To add items to the toolbar: Drag their icons from the dialog to the location where you want them to appear in the toolbar. • To remove items from the toolbar: Drag items out of the toolbar, or Control-click the item you want to remove and choose Remove Item from the shortcut menu.
The Command Editor appears. Keyboard Highlight button Modifier key buttons Command set options Search field Command groups Command list Detail area The upper half of the Command Editor displays a virtual keyboard. The lower half contains a command list that sorts menu commands by group and offers a brief description of each command, along with its associated keyboard shortcut, if one exists. The virtual keyboard is color-coded to help you identify the type of command each key performs.
Choosing a Command Set By default, Aperture uses a standard set of commands, with the language choice that you specified when you set up your computer. To choose a command set Do one of the following: µ µ Choose Aperture > Commands, then choose a command set from the submenu. If the Command Editor is already open, choose a command set from the pop-up menu in the upper-left corner. Choose a command set from the pop-up menu.
The Command list immediately displays the search results, listing all commands and keyboard shortcuts related to the search term. You can further narrow your search by choosing a category from the search field pop-up menu. The menu options include All, Command, Description, and Key Equivalent. Note: Do not use the Shift key to capitalize letters when typing in the search field. The search field recognizes the Shift key as a modifier key in a keyboard shortcut.
Viewing Key and Command Details The Detail area to the right of the Command List area provides additional information about a selected key in the virtual keyboard or a selected command in the Command list. When you select a key on the virtual keyboard, this area displays a list of all keyboard shortcuts associated with that key. Selected key All available shortcuts that include the selected key are displayed here.
The new duplicate command set is saved and appears as an item in both the pop-up menu in the Command Editor and the Commands submenu of the Aperture menu. Now that you have a duplicate set of assigned keyboard shortcuts, you can modify the individual key assignments to create new or modified keyboard shortcuts. To add or modify a keyboard shortcut 1 Using the search field (or browsing the Command list) of the Command Editor, select the command to which you want to assign a new keyboard shortcut.
To export a command set 1 If necessary, make the command set you want to export the active set by choosing it from the pop-up menu in the top-left corner of the Command Editor. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose Aperture > Commands > Export. • In the Command Editor, choose Export from the pop-up menu. 3 In the dialog that appears, navigate to the location where you want to save the exported command set, then type a name in the Save As field. 4 Click Save.
A Appendix Calibrating Your Aperture System The accuracy of your display and printer’s ColorSync profile is critical to ensuring accurate color reproduction. Aperture is a powerful digital image adjustment application, but its power is limited to the accuracy of the devices that display and print your images. This appendix provides information about color calibrating cameras, displays, and printers.
Displays and printers cannot reproduce the same colors consistently when their gamuts don’t overlap. For example, the colors shown on a display are brighter and more saturated than are those produced by a printer. The illustrations below show representations of the range of color and brightness values each device is capable of displaying. If you superimpose the printer’s gamut on the display’s gamut, some of the display’s colors fall outside the range of the printer’s gamut.
Understanding ColorSync Utility ColorSync Utility is the color management system used by Mac OS X. ColorSync is completely integrated with Mac OS X and available to all native Mac OS X applications, including Aperture. ColorSync is used to manage accurate color, from image acquisition to image manipulation and display to publishing. ColorSync is used consistently by all devices and applications in your workflow.
Once your display and printer have up-to-date custom profiles, you can begin to make accurate color adjustments to your digital images in Aperture. Aperture uses the ColorSync CMM, or color matching method, to translate and transfer the color data from your camera to your display and then to your printer. Although the gamuts of the devices are very different, ColorSync knows the exact parameters of their gamuts because of their custom profiles.
Note: Digital cameras that don’t have the ability to change generic profiles shoot in the sRGB color space. You cannot create a custom profile for these cameras. Calibrating and Profiling Your Display To color calibrate your display, you must use a third-party color management system. Calibrating and profiling your display with a color management system is fairly easy. Today, color management systems do most of the work for you.
To calibrate and profile your second display 1 Drag the application to the second display, then attach the optical device. Apple Cinema Display Apple Cinema Display Drag the color calibration window to the second display. 2 Follow the previous calibration steps. Now your second display is calibrated. Important: Your display’s profile is a snapshot of the device’s behavior. If the behavior of the display changes, the profile is no longer valid.
Important: Your printer’s profile is a snapshot of the device’s behavior. This means that the profile is specific to the type of paper and ink used when the printer was profiled. If you print on multiple types of paper, such as glossy and semi-glossy, it's important that you create separate profiles for each paper type.
B Appendix Setting Up an Aperture System Setting up the hardware for your system can be as simple as connecting your camera or card reader to your computer. You can also set up a system that uses external hard disks and color-calibrated displays. This appendix provides instructions for setting up your computer system to use Aperture.
Setting Up a Basic System The following are basic instructions for connecting a digital camera or card reader to your computer. Camera Card reader A basic Aperture system consists of the following equipment: • A computer and display • A digital camera or card reader (because of their speed, FireWire card readers are strongly recommended) • A cable to connect your camera or card reader to your computer (typically a USB 2.
Optional Equipment to Consider You may consider using additional hardware and equipment, depending on the number of images you have and your workflow: • Additional random-access memory (RAM) • Additional hard disk storage options • Additional displays Additional RAM The more RAM your computer has, the faster it can process your actions. While Aperture functions with the minimum required amount of RAM, more RAM will make Aperture faster.
When evaluating a FireWire drive for use with Aperture, take the following into consideration: • Some FireWire drives may require driver software: You may need to install special driver software in order to use a particular FireWire drive. Check the documentation that came with your FireWire drive for more information. • FireWire drives may be bus-powered: This means that they derive power from the FireWire interface itself via pins on the full-sized 6-pin FireWire connector.
• Display cable to connect the display to the graphics card on your computer Note: You may also need to purchase an adapter to connect the display cable to the graphics card on your computer. See the documentation that came with your computer or graphics card for more information about the type of display cable or adapter you need. To connect a second display to your computer 1 Turn off the computer.
To rearrange the position of the displays 1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences. 2 Click Displays, then click Arrangement. Note: If the Arrangement button does not appear, click the Detect Displays button. If the Arrangement button still does not appear, make sure the second display is properly connected to your computer. For more information, see Setting Up Your System with Two Displays.
To ensure proper color management from the time you download your images until the time you print them or send them to a professional lab, it is essential that you color calibrate your displays. Color calibrating your display or displays ensures that the colors you see on your screen are faithfully reproduced when images are printed. For more information about color calibrating your displays, see Calibrating Your Aperture System.
Glossary Glossary additive color Images with color elements derived from the light source itself. RGB is a common form of additive color. See also RGB. adjustment Any change to the appearance of an image. See also brushed adjustment. adjustment preset A set of saved adjustment parameter settings. You can create new adjustment presets and rename, rearrange the order of, and delete existing adjustment presets.
aperture priority A setting on certain cameras that automatically sets the shutter speed for a correct exposure based on the aperture setting provided by the photographer. See also exposure, shutter priority. archive The process of storing image data on a permanent medium, such as optical media (CD or DVD). aspect ratio The ratio of height to width of the dimensions of a photograph. Common North American aspect ratios are 3.5 x 5, 4 x 6, 5 x 7, 11 x 14, and 16 x 20 inches.
Bayer pattern color filter array A specific arrangement of red, green, and blue lenses attached to the surface of a digital image sensor. There are roughly twice as many green lenses as blue and red to accommodate how the human eye perceives color. See also charge-coupled device (CCD), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), digital image sensor. bit depth The number of tonal values or shades of a color each channel in a pixel is capable of displaying.
Browser The part of the Aperture interface that displays the contents of the library, projects, or albums. The Browser displays images as a row of thumbnails (filmstrip view), a grid of thumbnails (grid view), or by file information (list view). See also filmstrip view, grid view, list view, Viewer. Browser layout A main window layout in Aperture in which the Viewer is hidden. See also Browser, Full Screen view, Split View layout, Viewer, Viewer layout.
candid shot Refers to a photograph of a person that appears to have been taken informally and unposed, without the subject’s knowledge. See also composition. capture a. The process of taking the image received by the digital image sensor and camera processor and storing that information on the memory card in the camera. b. The process of recording an image in Aperture at the moment it is shot via a tethered camera. See also camera, digital image sensor, memory card, tethered shooting.
color cast An unnatural tint in an image due to a lack of color balance. Color casts are often caused by artificial light sources such as interior lighting. Color casts in images are commonly removed by adjusting levels, tint, or white balance. See also White Balance adjustment. color channels The individual channels into which color information for digital images is divided. Each individual color channel represents one of the three individual primary colors that combine to represent the final image.
ColorSync A color management system that is part of the Mac operating system. In Mac OS X, ColorSync is thoroughly integrated with the entire operating system and is available to all native Mac OS X applications. See also color management system (CMS), color matching method (CMM), ColorSync Utility. ColorSync Utility A centralized application for setting preferences, viewing installed profiles, assigning profiles to devices, and repairing profiles that do not conform to the current ICC specification.
contrast The difference between the brightness and color values in an image that allows the viewer to distinguish between objects in an image. High-contrast images have a large range of values, from the darkest shadow to the lightest highlight. Low-contrast images have a more narrow range of values, resulting in a “flatter” look. See also Contrast parameter, Curves adjustment, density, flat. Contrast parameter An Enhance adjustment parameter in Aperture used to adjust the contrast in an image.
densitometer An instrument designed to measure the optical density of photographs. See also device characterization. density The ability of an image to reproduce distinct dark colors. An image with high definition in the darker colors is referred to as dense. See also contrast, flat. depth of field The area of the image that appears in focus from the foreground to the background. Depth of field is determined by a combination of the opening of the aperture and the focal length of the lens.
digital A description of data that is stored or transmitted as a sequence of ones and zeros. Most commonly, refers to binary data represented using electronic or electromagnetic signals. JPEG, PNG, RAW, and TIFF files are all digital. See also digitization. digital image sensor The computer chip located at the image plane inside the camera that consists of millions of individual light-sensitive elements capable of capturing light.
dot gain A printing term used to describe the enlargement of halftone dots as ink is absorbed into paper. Dot gain can affect the quality of an image’s appearance by reducing the amount of white reflected off the paper. dots per inch (dpi) A printer resolution measurement that refers to the maximum number of dots within a square inch. See also print, resolution. drift Changes in the way a device reproduces color over time.
Enhance adjustment An adjustment in Aperture that adjusts contrast, definition, saturation, and vibrancy, as well as black, gray, and white tints in an image. See also adjustment, contrast, Contrast parameter, definition, Definition parameter, saturation, Saturation parameter, tint, Tint adjustment, Vibrancy parameter.
face recognition The process Aperture employs of using the face of a person who has been identified by the user to suggest other possible matching faces in the same Aperture library. See also Faces view. Faces view An Aperture view that displays snapshots of people in images in the library or in an item selected in the Library inspector that have been assigned names. See also face detection, face recognition, Flagged view, Photos view, Places view, Projects view, skimming.
flag A type of metadata assigned in Aperture used to help filter images. You can flag images and then search for and display images in Aperture based on whether they are flagged or not. See also Flagged view, metadata. Flagged view An Aperture view that displays all images, audio clips, and video clips in the library that have been flagged. See also Faces view, flag, Photos view, Places view, Projects view.
Full Screen view A workspace view in Aperture with minimal user interface, used to view full-screen images with the least amount of light and color interference. See also Browser layout, filmstrip, HUD, Split View layout, Viewer layout. Full Screen view toolbar A collection of buttons and tools, grouped by function, located at the top of the screen in Full Screen view. See also toolbar. gamma A curve that describes how the middle tones of an image appear.
Halo Reduction Quick Brush A type of Quick Brush adjustment used to remove the blue and purple fringes that are occasionally produced with certain lenses when the image is overexposed. See also adjustment, Brush HUD, Quick Brushes. high definition video Generally refers to video that is 720 progressive scan lines or better, also known as HD video. highlights The brightest areas of the subject or scene. See also contrast, density, shadows.
Intensify Contrast Quick Brush A type of Quick Brush adjustment that corrects the shadow areas of the image that appear washed out by intensifying the contrast between pure black and 50 percent gray in the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on. The Intensify Contrast Quick Brush adjustment is equivalent to applying an Overlay blend. See also adjustment, Brush HUD, contrast, Polarize Quick Brush, Quick Brushes, shadows.
lens A series of sophisticated elements—usually glass—constructed to refract and focus the reflective light from a scene at a specific point: the digital image sensor in a camera. See also camera, digital image sensor, macro lens, prime lens, telephoto lens, wide-angle lens, zoom lens. Levels adjustment An adjustment in Aperture that provides controls to selectively adjust the tonal range of an image. See also adjustment, image.
Loupe A tool in Aperture used to magnify the area of the image you place it over. See also image. luminance A value describing the brightness of all color channels combined in a pixel. LZW compression A lossless data-compression algorithm developed by Abraham Lempel, Jakob Ziv, and Terry Welch in 1984. LZW compression algorithms are typically used with JPEG and TIFF graphics files to reduce the file size for archiving and transmission at a ratio of 2.8:1. See also compression, JPEG, TIFF.
Mirror setting A secondary Viewer setting that sets Aperture to present the same image selection on the main and secondary Viewer displays. See also display, image selection, mirroring, main Viewer, secondary Viewer. moire pattern Refers to the type of visual pattern that is created by the interference of two grids overlaid on top of one another.
offline Describes images whose masters are currently unavailable to Aperture. Offline images appear in the Viewer and Browser with badge overlays displaying a red slash through them. Images may be offline because the media containing the masters, such as a CD, DVD, FireWire drive, or server, is not connected to your computer or the original filenames have been modified in some way. To bring the images online, you must reconnect them to their corresponding masters.
photo edit The process of choosing selects from a group of images, as well as sorting out images that you don’t plan to use or publish, also known as rejects. The more aggressively you cull undesirable images from your working group of images, the more time you save when you process the images for display. See also rating, Reject rating, Select rating. photograph An image created using a camera as a result of light interacting with a light-sensitive surface, usually film or a digital image sensor.
polarizing filter A filter placed on the front of the camera lens that selectively transmits light traveling on one plane while absorbing light traveling on other planes. Polarizing filters are capable of reducing unwanted reflections on windows and shiny surfaces. Polarizing filters are also used to darken the sky. See also filters. positive Developed film where the tonal relationship of the subject or scene is the same on film as when viewed by the eye; also known as a slide.
project In Aperture, the top-level container that holds all the masters, versions, and metadata associated with your shoot. In the case of referenced images, the masters are stored in their current location rather than in the project file. See also album, folder, library, master, referenced images, version. Projects mode (Full Screen view) A view mode in Full Screen view, similar to the Projects view in the Aperture main window.
RAID Short for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. A method of providing photographers who have large image libraries many gigabytes of high-performance data storage by formatting a group of hard disks to act as a single drive volume. The performance of a group of hard disks striped together as a RAID can be much higher than that of the individual disks. RAM Short for random-access memory.
referenced images Images whose masters are stored outside of the Aperture library. See also library, managed images, offline, online. Reject rating In Aperture, a negative rating applied to an image as part of the photo editing process. See also photo edit, rating, Select rating. relative colorimetric A rendering intent suitable for printing photographic images.
saturation The intensity of color in an image. Saturated colors are perceived to have a “purer” look, resulting from the absence of the color gray. See also adjustment, desaturate. Saturation parameter An Enhance adjustment parameter in Aperture used to adjust saturation in an image. See also adjustment, desaturate, Enhance adjustment, saturation. Saturation Quick Brush A type of Quick Brush adjustment that adds saturation to or removes it from the area of the image the adjustment is brushed on.
shutter speed The length of time the shutter is open or the digital image sensor is activated or charged. Shutter speeds appear as fractions of a second, such as 1/8 or 1/250. See also shutter. Shuttle control A control in the Browser that allows you to quickly advance through images. See also Browser. sidelighting Light that hits the subject from the side, perpendicular to the angle of the camera. See also backlighting, frontlighting.
source image file See master. source profile The profile of an image file before it undergoes color conversion. Span setting A secondary Viewer setting that splits the presentation of the current image selection between the main and secondary Viewer displays. See also image selection, main Viewer, secondary Viewer. spectrophotometer An instrument that measures the wavelength of color across an entire spectrum of colors.
target A reference file used to profile a device such as a scanner or digital camera. It often contains patches whose color values have been measured. The output from a device is then compared with the target. See also device characterization. telephoto lens A lens with a long focal length that magnifies the subject. See also lens.
unipod Similar to a tripod; a stand with one leg used as an aid in keeping a camera steady. See also camera shake, exposure. untagged A document or an image that lacks an embedded profile. USB Short for Universal Serial Bus. A versatile interface used to connect external devices to computers. USB cables are often used to connect computers to computer peripherals, such as keyboards and digital cameras, as well as transfer large amounts of data. See also camera, FireWire, tethered shooting.
viewfinder The part of the camera designed to preview the area of the scene that will be captured by the digital image sensor. See also camera, digital image sensor. Vignette adjustment An adjustment in Aperture designed to add a vignette effect to an image. See also Devignette adjustment, vignetting. vignetting a. Darkening, also known as falloff, at the corners of the image as a result of too many filters attached to the lens, a large lens hood, or poor lens design. b.
Zoom Viewer button A button in the Viewer and the Full Screen view toolbar that alternates the display of the image selection between fitting the images within the Viewer and presenting the images at 100 percent size. See also control bar, filmstrip, image, image selection, Viewer.
