PREFACE-BEFORE YOU START Now you have the best of both worlds. With an Apple IIe Card installed in your Macintosh computer, you can take advantage of the newest Macintosh technology and still run the world's largest collection of personal computer software -- more than 10,000 Apple IIe programs. This guide tells you how. About the Apple IIe Card The Apple IIe Card is an accessory card that lets you run Apple IIe programs on a Macintosh LC computer.
describes what to do if you use the IIe Startup Disk but the printer software you require isn't installed. You'll find a glossary and an index at the end of the guide. The book also has a removable Quick Reference card, which you can detach and use to remind yourself of the most important hard-to-remember details concerning the Apple IIe Card. Before You Begin This guide makes the following assumptions about your computer system and about your level of experience with Apple products.
User Group No matter what your level of computer experience, you can get lots of support by joining an Apple user group. Apple user groups are composed of people who work with Apple computers and who enjoy sharing what they know with others. Activities may include new product demonstrations, informal question-andanswer sessions, and regular classes on using popular software applications or learning to write your own programs. Many user groups have special beginners' nights.
To perform a "cold reset" of your Apple IIe, press these three keys at the same time: (If you press these keys while in the Option Panel, you will reset the Macintosh, not the Apple IIe Card.) Option Panel Cards Icon/Name Replaces old Apple IIe Accessory Card 5.25-inch Drive Card Apple 5.25 Drive Interface Card Only needs to be installed if you have a 5.25-inch disk drive connected to your Macintosh LC.
CHAPTER 1-PREPARING THE EQUIPMENT The Apple IIe Card should already be installed in your Macintosh LC computer. You don't need to assemble or connect anything else to run Apple IIe programs on your Macintosh LC. However, if you want to use a hard disk to store Apple IIe information or if you want to connect any Apple IIe disk drives or other devices, you'll need to follow the instructions in this chapter. Otherwise, you can skip now to Chapter 2, "Preparing the Software.
Some suggestions. If you'll be using your Apple IIe files a lot, or if your Apple IIe files are too big to fit on floppy disks, set aside a portion of your hard disk for them. If a number of people are sharing the computer (in a school for example), you can store Apple IIe programs on the hard disk while people store their personal files on their own floppy disks. If you plan to use your Apple IIe files only occasionally, keep them on floppy disks and save your hard disk exclusively for Macintosh files.
Drag each icon from your hard disk to the floppy disk's icon until you get a message that the floppy disk is full. Then eject the floppy disk and repeat the procedure until you've backed up all the files you want to save. Some folders may be too big to fit on floppy disks. If so, you can open the folder and drag its contents one icon at a time to the floppy disk icon. For more information about copying files and folders, see the books that came with your Macintosh. 4.
The Setup program opens, as shown in the next step. 6. If you have more than one hard disk, click the Drive button to select the one that you want to partition. 7. Click the Partition button. A screen appears with all your partitioning options, as shown in the next step. 8. Click "10MB ProDOS, Maximum Macintosh," then click OK. First, use the scroll bar to scroll to the bottom of the list. Second, click the required option once to select it. Finally, click OK.
becomes dimmed. 2. Insert one of your backup disks into the disk drive. The disk's icon appears on the desktop. 3. Copy all the files and folders back to your hard disk. Drag each icon from your floppy disk back to the hard disk's icon. If you broke up the contents of a folder across more than one disk when you backed up, don't forget to put all that folder's files back in the folder again. 4. Eject the first disk and repeat steps 2 and 3 for each backup disk. 5. Choose Restart from the Special menu.
Drive and the white UniDisk 3.5 Drive -- are compatible with the Macintosh LC. Do not try to use any other type of Apple II disk drive with the Macintosh LC. Doing so may damage the disk drive or the computer, and may destroy the contents of your Apple II disks. !! Follow these steps to connect an Apple 5.25 Drive to the Macintosh LC: !! WARNING: Before connecting anything to your computer, make sure the power cord is plugged in and the power is turned off.
You can connect more than one Apple IIe disk drive to the Macintosh LC by daisy-chaining them. However, the drives must be connected in the correct order for them to work properly: - If you have two Apple 5.25 Drives, connect the first drive to the Y-shaped cable. Then connect the second drive to the first drive by plugging the connector from the second drive into the port on the back of the first drive. - If you have a UniDisk 3.5 Drive and one Apple 5.25 Drive, first connect the UniDisk 3.
!! WARNING: If you want to swap drives or devices connected to the Y-shaped cable, be sure to turn off the computer first. If you change devices while the computer is on, you may damage the device or the computer, or both. !! Connecting Your Old Apple IIe Hard Disk If you have an Apple SCSI hard disk connected to your original Apple IIe computer, you can connect it to your Macintosh LC and use it just as you would any other hard disk.
CHAPTER 2-PREPARING THE SOFTWARE All your equipment should now be ready. Once you install the software, as described in this chapter, you'll be ready to start using Apple IIe software on your Macintosh. Checking for Late-breaking News You can see if there were any last-minute changes to the instructions for the Apple IIe Card by checking the Read Me file, as described in this section. Before you begin: If your computer is off, turn it on. If your computer is on, quit any programs you might be running. 1.
Note for people who partitioned their hard disk in Chapter 1: This installation procedure installs the Apple IIe Card software on the Macintosh partition of your hard disk. Before you begin: If your computer is off, turn it on. If your computer is on, quit any programs you are running. 1. Insert the IIe Installer Disk into the built-in disk drive and doubleclick its icon. The disk's window opens. 2. Open the Installer program by double-clicking its icon.
If you do not have a hard disk If you don't have a hard disk, this section tells you how to prepare a floppy startup disk you can use instead. !! IMPORTANT: If you installed the software on your hard disk in the previous section, you should skip this section and move ahead to "What's Next" at the end of this chapter. !! Included with your Apple IIe Card is a disk called IIe Startup Disk, which has the necessary Apple IIe Card software and the correct version of Macintosh system software already installed.
E, "Installing Printer Software for the IIe Startup Disk." 6. If the printer is connected over a network, you need to click the name of your printer and perhaps also the zone it's in. See the reference book that came with your Macintosh for more information on using the Chooser. 7. Choose Close from the File menu. 8. Find the Quick Reference card in the back of the book and mark the blank that says you are a floppy disk startup person.
If you're a floppy disk startup person, you need to know a crucial technique -- starting up from the IIe Startup Disk -- because it's the only way to run Apple IIe programs and manipulate Apple IIe files. The technique is described in the next section, "Starting Up From the IIe Startup Disk." Starting up from the IIe Startup Disk To start up from the IIe Startup Disk, you must turn on your computer with the disk in the disk drive, as shown in these steps.
Switching to the Apple IIe environment You enter the Apple IIe environment simply by double-clicking an icon, as shown in this exercise. Before you begin: Your Macintosh should be turned on and you should quit any programs you might be running. Close any windows on your desktop. 1. If you're a floppy disk startup person, make sure you've started up from the IIe Startup Disk. See the instructions in "Starting Up From the IIe Startup Disk," at the beginning of this chapter. 2.
you're in the Macintosh environment; the other way works if you're in the Apple IIe environment. This section has two exercises -- one to illustrate each method. Depending on your setup, you may be able to complete only one of them. Method 1: Double-clicking a Macinstosh icon When you are in the Macintosh environment, you can launch Apple IIe programs the same way you launch Macintosh programs -- by double-clicking an icon.
8. When you're ready to quit, save your work and return to the Macintosh environment. Press Control-Command-Esc and click the Quit IIe button. In short, you can run Apple IIe programs by double-clicking their icons. (Remember, to see the icons you must be in the Macintosh environment, and the program must be on a ProDOS disk. Some copy-protected programs may not work.) Method 2: Restarting the Apple IIe Card You can also run Apple IIe programs in any of the usual Apple IIe ways.
By the way: For more detailed information about the Option Panel, see "Personalizing Your Apple IIe Work Environment" and "Configuring Cards and Slots" in Chapter 5. Opening and closing the Option Panel As you've seen before, while you're in the Apple IIe environment you just press Control-Command-Esc to open the Option Panel. Before you begin: Make sure you're in the Apple IIe environment. You should either have an Apple IIe program or the BASIC prompt (]) on your screen.
4. Click the General icon at the top of the list. You may have to use the scroll bar to see the General icon. When you click the icon you see the options associated with the General icon. 5. Click the Help button at the bottom of the Option Panel. Information about the General options appears. 6. Click OK to continue. 7. Click "Simple Beep" to change the Apple IIe Card's beep sound. The computer plays the new sound. Now whenever an Apple IIe program beeps at you, you'll hear this sound.
icons with your mouse. (Wait until the next step to try it.) 2. Use the mouse to drag the Clock icon from slot 2 to slot 4. When you release the mouse button, the two icons switch places and both become gray. (They become gray because the change isn't complete until you restart the Apple IIe Card -- but don't worry about that because this is just practice.) 3. Drag the Mouse icon back to slot 4. The two icons switch back to their original positions. 4. Drag the Clock icon from slot 2 to any spare slot.
4. Choose "by Icon" from the View menu. For example, the Utilities disk for the Apple IIe looks like this: 5. Choose "by Size" from the View menu. The window changes to show a list of all the files. The biggest files are at the top of the list, the smallest at the bottom. 6. Click the file at the bottom of the list once to select it. You may have to use the scroll bar to find it. After you click it, the icon is highlighted. 7. Choose Duplicate from the File menu.
CHAPTER 4-SETTING UP CARDS AND SLOTS Before you begin using your Apple IIe Card in earnest, you must go to the Option Panel and set up the cards and slots to reflect your own needs.
The Printer Card is a special card that allows you to select the printer you want by using the Macintosh Chooser desk accessory. 3. Scratch out the following Apple IIe names and replace them with the new Option Panel names. Original Apple IIe Name New Option Panel Name Apple IIe Workstation Card AppleShare Apple IIe Memory Expansion Card Memory Card Apple IIe Mouse Card Mouse Card UniDisk 3.5 Interface Card SmartPort clock card Clock Card Apple 5.25 Drive Interface Card 5.
Serial Card (Printer Port) To connect a device to the printer port of your Macintosh LC SmartPort To use the built-in floppy disk drive, an Apple UniDisk 3.5 Drive, or a hard disk 5. Skip ahead to "Arranging the Cards in the Option Panel" in this chapter. Basing the plan on a typical Apple IIe When you first install the Apple IIe Card software, the cards are already installed in one of the most typical arrangements. You should use this arrangement as the basis of your plans.
printers still require the Serial Cards. To support a non-printing serial device, you need either of the two serial cards: - If you have a non-printing device plugged into the modem port, you need the Serial Card with a phone icon on it: - If you have a non-printing device plugged into the printer port, you need the Serial Card with a printer icon on it. (You'll have to make sure AppleTalk is turned off in the Macintosh Chooser to use your device.) Serial Cards are most commonly placed in slot 2.
not work until you adjust some of their settings, as explained in the next section. Setting the Options For Your Cards Some cards have settings you can adjust. The two Serial Cards require special attention: They won't work until you declare what sort of device is connected to them. This chapter does not explain how to adjust the settings. That information is available in great detail in Chapter 5, "Reference." (You can use the index or table of contents to find the exact page numbers.
install the card before the changes have any effect. To find out exactly what the problem is, click the Slots icon. If the card you want is not in one of the seven active slots, drag it to the appropriate slot, then click Restart IIe. If the card is already in a slot, clicking Restart IIe will finish installing it. !! CHAPTER 5-REFERENCE This chapter provides instructions for using all the features of the Apple IIe Card and the IIe Startup program. This is a task-oriented reference chapter.
The startup disk is the top icon on the right side of the screen. 4. Double-click the IIe Startup icon to start the program. The IIe Startup program uses the startup setting in the Slot Configuration panel to locate a program disk. If a specific slot is designated as the startup slot, IIe Startup goes directly to the first drive assigned to that slot. If the startup option is set to Scan, the program scans the slots, in descending order from 7 to 1.
3. Select the settings you want to maintain in the first IIe Prefs file. 4. Quit the IIe Startup program (by clicking the Quit IIe button). 5. Rename the first IIe Prefs file. The name you give the file can be anything but "IIe Prefs." Rename the file in a way that will help you remember its purpose -- "Graphics Prefs," "Charts Prefs," or "Games Prefs," for instance. 6. Start up the IIe Startup program and open the Option Panel again. 7.
Apple IIe program names often have a period and the word "SYSTEM" after them. Their icons look like this: (To see full-size icons like this one, choose "by Icon" from the View menu.) After you double-click, the IIe Startup program opens and your Apple IIe program is launched. The Apple IIe way When you are in the Apple IIe environment, you start up Apple IIe programs the same way you would on an Apple IIe: 1.
Printing From Apple IIe Programs To print Apple IIe files, use the programs' print commands just as you would if you were using an Apple IIe. When you print through the Printer Card, you should set your Apple IIe program to treat the printer as if it's an ImageWriter II, even if it's not. You may notice a pause before printing begins. If the program has a command that you can use to stop the printer from printing, it may not stop printing the instant you issue the command.
both programs understand or you have a Macintosh program that can read Apple IIe files directly. For example, say you typed a long text passage using an Apple IIe program and now you want to use the same text in a speech you're writing using a powerful Macintosh word processor. Most word processors can read "text-only" files (also called ASCII files). To transfer the text, you could (a) use an Apple IIe program to save the file in text-only format, then (b) use the Macintosh program to open the file.
Copying Apple IIe pictures If you want to transfer an Apple IIe picture to a Macintosh program, you can copy and paste the picture as described in these steps: 1. Use your Apple IIe program to display the picture on your screen. 2. Save your work, if necessary. 3. Press Control-Command-Esc to open the Option Panel. The Option Panel opens. 4. Choose the Copy IIe Screen command from the Edit menu. 5. Click the Quit IIe button. When asked if you really want to quit, click Quit IIe again. 6.
The AppleShare card should be installed (usually in slot 7). Startup should be set either to Scan or to the slot in which AppleShare is installed (usually slot 7). From now on, whenever you start or restart the Apple IIe, you'll follow the usual network log-on procedure, as described in the instructions that come with the AppleShare Workstation Card and the AppleShare File Server software.
2. Click the button for the speed you want. When you close the Apple IIe Option Panel, you see a message indicating that the changes you made in the General Controls panel will not take effect until you restart the Apple IIe Card. 3. Click the Restart IIe button to restart the Apple IIe Card. The Apple IIe Card restarts, with the new Speed setting in effect. If you don't want the new setting to take effect yet, click the Continue button.
Setting the keys' repeat rate On all Macintosh keyboards, to appear repeatedly on the the rate of repetition from repeat option, see the next holding down a character key causes the character screen until you release the key. You can adjust very slow to quite fast. (To turn off the key section, "Setting the Delay Before Keys Repeat.") The repeat rate you choose in the Apple IIe Option Panel is in effect only while the computer is in the Apple IIe environment.
Changing the Type Ahead setting You use the Type Ahead feature to type text and commands while the Apple IIe program is busy with some other activity. Even though you may not see the text immediately on the screen, what you type is stored in a type-ahead buffer, an area of memory reserved for keeping track of what you type. Some programs do not perform correctly when the Type Ahead feature is on.
To change the character set, follow these steps: 1. Press Control-Command-Esc. The Option Panel appears, with the General Controls panel displayed. The pointer changes to a crosshair when you place it in the General Controls panel. 2. Click the button for the character set you want. After you close the Option Panel, your choice remains in effect until you change the setting again.
The options for tracking are - Slow -- the mouse and the pointer move the same distance - Fast -- the pointer moves twice as far as the mouse - Buttons between Slow and Fast -- gradations between one-for-one and twofor-one pointer and mouse movements - Very Slow/Tablet -- the pointer moves at a constant speed when the mouse is moved, a useful setting for drawing with the mouse or using a graphics tablet To change the mouse tracking rate, follow these steps: 1. Press Control-Command-Esc.
2. Click the Memory Card icon to display the Memory Expansion Card panel. The Memory Expansion Card panel appears. The pointer changes to a crosshair when you place it in the panel. Warning message? If you get a message telling you the Memory Card is not installed, you can continue with this section, but changing the memory will not have any effect until you install the Memory Card, as explained in "Changing the Slot Settings," later in this chapter. 3.
in an active slot when you first install the Apple IIe Card software. Note: The illustrations in this section show how to change settings in the Serial Card for the modem port. The steps are exactly the same for changing the settings in the Serial Card for the printer port. To change the settings, follow these steps: 1. To open the Option Panel, press Control-Command-Esc. The Option Panel appears, with the General Controls panel displayed. 2.
you can transmit data using Apple IIe communication programs with the Apple IIe Card varies from program to program. If you use modems at a baud rate of 2400 or above and experience problems receiving data (if data is missing after a transmission, for instance), you may be able to solve the problem and still use a higher baud rate by opening the Option Panel and selecting Monochrome in the General Controls panel.
The Option Panel appears, with the General Controls panel displayed. 2. Scroll if necessary to locate the Slots icon, then click it to display the Slot Configuration panel. The Slot Configuration panel appears. The pointer changes to a crosshair when you place it in the panel. 3. Drag the icon of the card you want to move to its new location. When you release the mouse button, the icon appears in the new slot.
4. Drag through the menu until the slot you want is highlighted, then release the mouse button. The setting you choose appears in the box. 5. Click the Restart IIe button to restart the Apple IIe Card. The Apple IIe Card restarts, with the new slot settings in effect. If you don't want the new settings to take effect yet, click the Continue button. !! WARNING: Be sure to save your work on a floppy disk before clicking the Restart IIe button. Any work that has not been saved on a disk will be lost.
display the SmartPort panel. The SmartPort panel appears. The pointer changes to a crosshair when you place it in the panel. 3. Drag the icon of the device you want to move to its new location. If another icon is already in that location, it exchanges places with the first icon when you release the mouse button. When you release the mouse button, the icon appears in the new slot/drive location. 4. Click the Restart IIe button. The Apple IIe Card restarts, with the new SmartPort settings in effect.
Navigation in the Apple IIe Environment You use the Apple IIe Option Panel to navigate through the Apple IIe environment, and between the Apple IIe environment and the Macintosh desktop. Opening the Option Panel To open the Option Panel from the Apple IIe environment, you must press three keys at once: the Control key, the Command key, and the Escape key. This key combination is usually written Control-Command-Esc. On typical Macintosh keyboards, all three keys are on the bottom row.
System Folder on the IIe Startup Disk; if you're a hard disk startup person, drag the file into the System Folder on your hard disk. Returning to your work After you're finished with the Apple IIe Option Panel, you can return to what you were doing before you opened the Option Panel -- running a program or utility, writing a program, and so on -- by clicking the Continue button. Some Option Panel settings take effect only after you restart the Apple IIe Card.
The Option Panel appears, with the General Controls panel displayed. 2. Click the Restart IIe button. The Apple IIe Card restarts. Quitting the Apple IIe environment At any time while you're in the Apple IIe environment, you can quit the Apple IIe environment and return to the Macintosh desktop by opening the Option Panel and clicking the Quit IIe button. To quit the Apple IIe environment, follow these steps: 1. Press Control-Command-Esc.
this time choose IIe Startup. 4. Click Continue to resume your work. Getting Help If you need help while using the Option Panel, use the Help button. Clicking the Help button displays a window that explains the purpose of the active panel and tells you how to choose the settings in that panel. To get help while using the Apple IIe Option Panel, follow these steps: 1. From the Option Panel, click the Help button. The Help window for the active panel appears. 2.
return to the Macintosh environment. Printing a picture of an Apple IIe screen To print a snapshot of what's currently on your Apple IIe screen, follow the steps in this section. Before you begin: If necessary, adjust the page settings as described in the next section, "Adjusting Page Setup for Printing Apple IIe Screens." 1. Open the Option Panel by pressing Control-Command-Esc. 2. Choose the Print IIe Screen command from the File menu. The print dialog box for your printer is displayed.
Displaying a picture of an Apple IIe screen To see your Apple IIe screen without leaving the Option Panel, follow these steps: Before you begin: 1. Make sure the Option Panel is open. Choose the Show IIe Screen command from the File menu. A miniature version of the Apple IIe screen is displayed in a small window. 2. When you're finished viewing the picture, click the close box. The window closes. Formatting ProDos Floppy Disks Apple IIe programs can read files from 3.
Problems with Apple IIe Files and Disks I can't see the Apple IIe partition I created on my hard disk - If you're a floppy disk startup person, make sure you started up from the IIe Startup Disk. - If you're a hard disk startup person, make sure that you still have the ProDOS File System document in your System Folder. (It should have been installed automatically when you followed the instructions in Chapter 2.
save your work on a floppy disk before restarting.) The settings don't work after I connect a new device - Connecting a new device to your Apple IIe can cause all the Option Panel settings to change. Open the Option Panel and change them back again. IIe Startup tells me there's not enough memory for the Memory Expansion Card - Increase the current memory size for the IIe Startup program.
I can't start up my Apple IIe program by double-clicking its Macintosh icon - If you're a floppy disk startup person, make sure you started up your computer from the IIe Startup Disk. - If you're a hard disk startup person, make sure that you installed the Apple IIe Card software according to the instructions in Chapter 2. - Make sure the Apple IIe program is either on a ProDOS floppy disk or on the Apple IIe partition of your hard disk. - Try starting up the program from the Apple IIe environment instead.
first in the chain. (See Chapter 1 for instructions.) - Make sure you've assigned the Apple 5.25 Drive to the correct location in the Slot Configuration panel -- slot 6. - Change the Speed setting in the General Controls panel to Normal. (Some copy-protection schemes prevent a program from running at the Fast setting.) Problems Running an Apple IIe Program My Apple IIe program won't work correctly - If the program is on a hard disk, try running it from its original floppy disk instead.
I can't hear the beep - Turn up the volume using the Macintosh Sound control panel. I can't control the volume of sounds my Apple IIe program makes - You can control only the sound of the Apple IIe beep. There's no way to control the volume of other sounds. My Apple IIe program runs too slowly - Change the Speed setting to Fast in the General Controls panel. - Change the Display setting to Monochrome in the General Controls panel.
The Option Panel opens unexpectedly - Someone may have set a new keyboard shortcut for opening the Option Panel. Use the Additional Option Panel Key feature (in the General Controls portion of the Option Panel) to remove or change the key. When I try to open the Option Panel, the Apple IIe environment quits - Instead of pressing Control-Command-Esc, which opens the Option Panel, you may have accidentally pressed Option-Command-Esc, which causes the Apple IIe environment to quit.
- Make sure the printer's power cord is plugged in and the printer's power switch is turned on. - Make sure the printer cable is connected to the correct port. - Make sure the AppleTalk option is turned off in the Macintosh Chooser if the printer is directly connected to the Macintosh LC (that is, if it is not connected via a network). - Make sure the Printer Card is in a slot that your program can print to, usually slot 1 (and sometimes slot 7).
in their names. I'm a floppy disk startup person and sometimes I have trouble launching Macintosh programs after I've started up from the IIe Startup Disk - Make sure the IIe Startup Disk has not been ejected before you launch the program.
Startup Disk to see and manipulate Apple IIe files when in the Macintosh environment. If you create an Apple IIe partition on your hard disk as described in Chapter 1, you will have two copies of the files BASIC.SYSTEM and PRODOS -one copy on your Macintosh partition and one copy on your Apple IIe partition. The copies on your Macintosh partition allow you to start Apple IIe programs by double-clicking their icons.
7. Click the Drive button until you see the name of the hard disk you want to partition. 8. Click Update. 9. Click the Partition button. You're now prepared to create the custom partition. The Custom Partion You should now be looking at the partitioning window in Apple HD SC Setup. To create a custom Apple IIe partition, follow these steps: 1. Click Custom. 2. Select the main partition. 3. Click Remove, and when asked for confirmation, click OK. 4.
APPENDIX D-PARTS OF THE APPLE IIe CARD SOFTWARE Whether you're a hard disk startup person or a floppy disk startup person, your Apple IIe Card software is made up of the five files shown in this appendix. IIe Start up: The program that starts up the Apple IIe environment IIe Prefs: The file that stores the choices you make in the Option Panel. (The IIe Prefs file is created the first time you run the IIe Startup program.) IIe Startup and BASIC.
the printer into either the modem port or the serial port on the back of your Macintosh; and (3) to use the printer in the Apple IIe environment, you may have to print through one of the Serial Cards instead of the Printer Card. This appendix pertains only to printers designed for use with the Macintosh, so if the only printer you're connecting is an Apple IIe printer manufactured by a company other than Apple, you should skip the rest of this appendix.
Printer." 1. Find the disks that came with your StyleWriter printer. 2. Find the StyleWriter printer file on the StyleWriter disks. The StyleWriter printer file icon looks like this: 3. Eject the StyleWriter disk by choosing the Eject command from the File menu. (If you have System 7, the Eject command is in the Special menu.) The disk is ejected and its icon and windows are dimmed. 4. Insert your copy of the IIe Startup Disk. 5. Open the IIe Startup Disk by double-clicking its icon. 6.
