IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 1 of 74 Apple IIe Owner's Manual Chapter 1: Meet Your Apple IIe Two words that get thrown around a lot in conversations about computers are hardware and software. Hardware refers to the computer, the disk drive, the monitor, and any other piece of equipment you can see, touch, and connect to your computer.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 2 of 74 Connecting a Monitor Plug one end of the monitor cable into the Apple IIe's monitor outlet on the far left as you face the back of your computer. You can tell it's a monitor outlet because it's got a monitor symbol right above it. Plug the other end of the monitor cable into the back of the monitor. Plug the monitor power cable into a three-hole, grounded outlet.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 3 of 74 Other Disk Drives: If you have a different type of disk drive, install it according to the instructions that came with it. Remove the plastic insert that covers opening 2 on the back panel of the computer by reaching inside the computer case and pushing down and out on the tab that projects from the plastic insert.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 4 of 74 Gently push the gold fingers on the card's edge into the AUX. CONNECTOR slot, rear edge first. Then push the front edge down and gently rock the card from back to front until it is level and firmly seated. Don't touch the gold fingers when you handle the card. Replacing the Apple IIe Cover When you finish connecting your disk drive (and 80-column card, if you have one), put the cover back on the computer.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 5 of 74 To clean the case, do the following: Disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.) Use a water-damp, clean, soft cloth. Wipe the surfaces lightly, but do not wipe the screen of the monitor. For cleaning the monitor screen, use only the special cloth provided and do not moisten it.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 6 of 74 Many devices, including printers, monitors, and modems need to be plugged into three-hole, grounded outlets. If you have more than two devices that need to be plugged into the wall, you should get a power strip. A power strip, available at any electronics store, is like a wall socket with four to eight outlets. Many power strips have an ON/OFF switch, so you can turn all your devices on and off with one switch.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 7 of 74 Which Is Drive 1? On a DuoDisk, drive 1 is the drive on the left. If you have two or more Disk II disk drives, drive 1 is the disk drive connected to the set of pins labeled DRIVE 1 on the controller card in slot 6 inside the Apple IIe case. Put the disk into the disk drive. Hold the disk by the label. Make sure the An Introduction label is facing up, and that the label is the last part of the disk to enter the disk drive.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 8 of 74 Power light on keyboard doesn't come on. Make sure your Apple IIe is plugged in. strip is plugged in and turned on. If you're using a power strip, make sure the power Wrong disk drive starts whirring. The disk drive that whirs when you turn on the power is drive 1. Introduction in drive 1 and start again. Turn off the power, put An Disk drive won't stop whirring.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 9 of 74 Apple Lore: Early models of the Apple II didn't have a DELETE key, so don't be surprised if in some programs you press DELETE and nothing happens. If DELETE doesn't work in a particular program, the manual that came with the program will tell you how to erase characters some other way. SHIFT and CAPS LOCK The Shift key works just like the shift key on a typewriter.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 10 of 74 Keys That Control Other Keys Programmers use CONTROL, OPEN-APPLE, and the solid Apple key in combination with other keys to perform special functions in their programs. For example, a program might tell you to press OPEN-APPLE-P in order to print something.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 11 of 74 Turning the Power Off and On: If you insist on turning the power off and on as a way of switching from one program to another, wait at least 15 seconds from the time you turn off the power to the time you turn it back on to give the computer's memory a chance to clear. If you'd like, you can practice the OPEN-APPLE-CONTROL-RESET method of starting up using the same disk you used before, An Introduction.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 12 of 74 disk through the oval cutout or you defeat the purpose of the jacket. Both the DuoDisk and the Disk II drives are designed for 5 1/4-inch, single-sided, single-density disks. The Write-Enable Notch The notch in the upper-right corner of the disk jacket is called the write-enable notch. If that notch is covered, you can't write (save) things on the disk or otherwise change the contents of the disk.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 13 of 74 If you follow these guidelines, your disks will last forever. (Actually they'll last an average of 150 hours of in-use time which might as well be forever considering the few seconds it takes to load information from a disk.) If you don't follow these guidelines, you'd better hope you have a backup copy.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 14 of 74 Press Return to indicate that your controller card is in slot 6. Press Return to indicate that you'll be putting your source disk, An Introduction, in drive 1. Press Return to indicate that your controller card is in slot 6. Press Return to indicate that you'll be putting your destination disk in drive 2. If you don't have a second drive, type 1.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 15 of 74 Escape: Gets you back to a previous menu or out of what you're doing. DELETE: Erases characters to the left of the cursor. UP-ARROW, DOWN-ARROW, RIGHT-ARROW, and LEFT-ARROW: Caps Lock: Capitalizes all letters automatically. CONTROL, OPEN-APPLE,: Tab: Move the cursor. Make other keys behave differently. Moves the cursor forward a preset number of characters (usually eight). SPACE bar: Shift: keys. Inserts a space character.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 16 of 74 Most accounting software packages are designed around a general ledger. The other modules (accounts receivable, for example) plug into the general ledger to allow automated posting. This modular approach allows smaller businesses to start with a general ledger package alone and add additional modules as they are needed.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 17 of 74 Bulletin Boards Bulletin boards came into being back in 1978 as a way for local computer club members to exchange messages with each other and share programs by phone. Today there are over 300 computerized bulletin boards in the United States, and you don't have to belong to a computer club to use one. All you need is a computer, a modem, communications software, and the phone number of your local BBS (Bulletin Board System).
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 18 of 74 PILOT lets you design your own courseware, or CAI (Computer-Aided Instruction). More About Apples in Education To get an idea of the number and variety of educational software packages available for the Apple IIe, go to your local bookstore and thumb through one of the software directories that describe and rank Apple II software. Most software directories devote a whole chapter to educational software.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 19 of 74 at the bottom line. If any number changed, or if they wanted to try out a different pricing strategy, it sent a ripple effect through the whole spreadsheet (which is why an eraser was as critical to using a spreadsheet as a pencil and a calculator).
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 20 of 74 Another advantage of integrated software is that the commands you learn for one application (like word processing) work the same way for the other applications on the disk. This shortens the time it takes you to learn the programs and makes you productive a lot faster. Industry Specific Software Industry specific software, also called vertical market software, is software that caters to a particular audience or profession.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 21 of 74 Behind the Scenes The best application programs don't require you to know anything about how the computer works. Using them is as easy as using a typewriter or a toaster. You put the program disk in drive 1, turn on the power, and follow the instructions on the screen, as you did with An Introduction.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 22 of 74 One of the most important chips on the main circuit board is the microprocessor. The microprocessor is the brain of the computer system the chip that carries out the instructions in the program one by one in the order that they appear. The Apple IIe has a 65C02 microprocessor. RAM The row of small chips are called random access memory chips or RAM.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 23 of 74 in a language similar to English. An interpreter program, also in ROM, then translates those English-like terms into machine language a binary code of zeros and ones that is the only language the microprocessor can really understand. Other Languages: There are other programming languages you can use with the Apple IIe (Logo and Pascal, for example), but they aren't stored in ROM.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 24 of 74 The application program you're using will tell you how to save a file onto a disk usually it will simply be a matter of selecting the Save option from a menu, or typing a special key combination like OPEN-APPLE-S (for Save). Revising an Existing File You won't always be starting a document from scratch.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 25 of 74 When you're using application programs, you're working with two kinds of disks: and data disks. program disks The program disk is the disk that contains the application program and the operating system. If you're lucky, it came with a manual that tells you how to use it, and with a backup copy of the program disk in case something happens to the original.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 26 of 74 Utilities Utility disks are disks like the ProDOS User's Disk that contain a variety of general-purpose programs that let you do things like copy files, copy the contents of whole disks, list the directories of disks, rename files, check disks for flaws that could sabotage your data, and format disks. Each operating system has its own set of utility programs. ProDOS utilities are on the ProDOS User's Disk. DOS 3.3 utilities are on the DOS 3.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Saving information: permanent storage. Page 27 of 74 Give what you've created a name and store it in a file on a disk for Retrieving information: Load information from a file back into memory where you can change the contents of the file or send the contents of the file out to a printer to produce a paper copy.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 28 of 74 COPYRIGHT APPLE COMPUTER, INC. 1983 *************************************** YOUR OPTIONS ARE: ? - TUTOR: PRODOS EXPLANATION F - PRODOS FILER (UTILITIES) C - DOS <-> PRODOS CONVERSION S - DISPLAY SLOT ASSIGNMENTS T - DISPLAY/SET TIME B - APPLESOFT BASIC PLEASE SELECT ONE OF THE ABOVE Press B to select Applesoft BASIC. PRODOS 1.0 You'll see this display: COPYRIGHT APPLE, 1983 TO RETURN TO MENU, TYPE 'RUN STARTUP' AND PRESS RETURN.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM NEW: Erases memory so you can start programming with a clean slate. END: Tells the computer that the program is finished. LIST: RUN: Page 29 of 74 Displays the program in memory. Starts the program that's in memory. SAVE: Stores your program in a file on a disk. LOAD: Transfers a copy of a program on a disk into memory. CAT: Short for Catalog. Displays a list of what's on a disk.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 30 of 74 Pressing Return lets the computer know when you've completed a line or instruction. Since you have to do it after every line in a BASIC program, you won't be reminded each time. From now on, just remember: when you've finished typing a line or an instruction, be sure to press Return.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 31 of 74 1 PRINT ROSES ARE PINK Now type RUN. Notice that your new line 1 replaces your old line 1, but all the other lines remain the same. Erasing Statements: To erase a whole line, just type the line number without a statement. For example, to get rid of the line VIOLETS ARE BLUE, you'd type 2 with no text following it, then press Return. Inserting Statements Suppose you wanted to insert a PRINT statement between line 1 and 2? You'd be out of luck.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 32 of 74 question, like: 10 PRINT WHAT'S YOUR NAME? The next line of the program is an INPUT statement that includes a variable, like: 20 INPUT N$ (The dollar sign tells the program that the input will be a word. If the input will be a number, you leave the dollar sign off.) Try typing the first two lines of this little program: NEW 10 PRINT WHAT'S YOUR NAME? 20 INPUT N$ Now run the program and type a response to the question that appears on the screen.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM ABS AND APPEND ASC AT ATN BLOAD BRUN BSAVE CALL CAT CATALOG CHAIN CHR$ CLEAR CLOSE COLOR= CONT COS CREATE DATA DEF DEL DELETE DIM DRAW END EXEC EXP FLASH FLUSH FN FOR FP FRE GET GOSUB GOTO GR HCOLOR= HGR HGR2 HIMEM: HLIN HOME HPLOT HTAB IF IN# INPUT INT INVERSE LEFT$ LEN LET LIST LOAD LOCK LOG LOMEM: MID$ NEW NEXT NORMAL NOT NOTRACE ON ONERR OPEN OR PEL PEEK PLOT POKE POP POS POSITION PREFIX PRINT PR# READ RECALL REM RENAME RESTORE RESUME RETURN RIGHT$ Pag
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 34 of 74 Press V (for VOLUME COMMANDS) from the Filer Menu. Press F (for FORMAT A VOLUME) from the Volume Commands Menu. The program wants to know the location of the disk you'll be formatting. You'll need to supply both the drive number (most likely 1 or 2) and the slot number (most likely 6). Slot refers to the slot inside the computer that contains your disk drive controller card.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 35 of 74 Saving a Program on a Disk Now that you've got a formatted disk, get back into the BASIC programming environment by restarting the ProDOS User's Disk and selecting option B (to accept Applesoft BASIC); then type the following program into memory as you did before: NEW 10 PRINT HOW OLD ARE YOU? 20 INPUT A 30 LET D = A * 365 40 PRINT THAT MAKES YOU D 50 PRINT DAYS OLD! 60 END To save this program, put your formatted disk in drive 1 and type SAVE
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 36 of 74 what you named each of them. If you find that you've forgotten the names of the programs on your disk, type CAT (or CAT,D2 if the disk is in drive 2). You'll see a display like this that tells you, among other things, the name of the programs on the disk and how much space they take up on the disk.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM 90 END Page 37 of 74 Signals the end of the program. Once you've typed the program, you can try it by typing: RUN Here's what you'll see: THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS MILES TO KILOMETERS. HOW MANY MILES DID YOU TRAVEL? 3 YOU TRAVELED 4.82804127 KILOMETERS. Spacing? If the spacing on your screen isn't exactly right, you may have forgotten to type a space inside one of the PRINT statements.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM 80 INPUT N2$ Displays ? on the screen. stored in variable N2$. 90 Prints a blank line. PRINT Page 38 of 74 Whatever name you type is 100 PRINT THE C1$; ROBOT 110 PRINT WITH THE C2$; EYES 120 PRINT GRABBED N1$; WHILE 130 PRINT N2$; RAN FOR HELP. Prints what's inside the quotation marks interspersed with the colors and names you assigned to the variables. 140 END Signals the end of the program.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 39 of 74 Using the Computer as a Calculator When you're in the BASIC programming environment, you can use your Apple IIe as a calculator. Try it; type this: PRINT 2+2 and press Return.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 40 of 74 Logo Logo is a programming language that is especially suited to children and beginning programmers of any age because it's great for creating computer graphics. Using simple commands like FORWARD, LEFT, and RIGHT, you learn to write programs that produce elaborate and colorful geometric designs. Logo encourages you to learn by trial and error because mistakes are so painless.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM PRINT: Displays information on the screen. INPUT: Lets you interact with someone using your program. LET: Defines a variable. END: Tells the computer the program is finished. NEW: Erases whatever is in memory. Page 41 of 74 HOME: Erases whatever is on the screen. LIST: Displays the program in memory. RUN: Executes the program in memory. CAT: Short for catalog. Displays a list of what's on a disk. SAVE: Stores your program in a file on a disk.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 42 of 74 To save money, and to keep track of who's doing what at which computer, many computer classrooms link a number of Apple IIe's into a computer network. A network allows a class full of students with Apple IIe's to share the disk drives and printer at the instructor's computer.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 43 of 74 control everything from sprinkler systems to coffee makers. Monitor There are two general types of monitors: monochrome monitors and color monitors. Monochrome monitors come in three varieties: black and white, black and green, and black and amber.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 44 of 74 produced with a good dot matrix printer and text produced with a daisy wheel printer. Daisy Wheel Printers Daisy wheel printers, also known as letter quality printers, are essentially high speed, high quality typewriters. They are slower and more expensive than dot matrix or thermal printers, but if the appearance of your correspondence is important, a daisy wheel printer may be a necessity.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 45 of 74 For students, a plotter can reproduce drawings and geometric designs created with the programming language Logo. For businessmen, a plotter can reproduce graphs and charts created with business graphics software for use in reports and presentations.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 46 of 74 way, so mouse-driven programs tend to be quicker to master and easier to use. Here are some terms, techniques, and characteristics of mouse-driven programs: Clicking: Pressing the button on top of the mouse is called clicking. Many programs let you select from a list of options by moving the pointer to an option and clicking on it.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 47 of 74 In an industry as dynamic as the personal computer industry, it's inevitable that computers will be built with more and more memory. It's equally inevitable that newer, faster, more powerful software will be written to take advantage of that extra memory. Where does that leave you? It leaves you in great shape, because the Apple IIe is designed to grow as technology grows.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 48 of 74 RAM Card: Lets you expand the memory capacity of your Apple IIe far beyond 128K to take advantage of even faster, more sophisticated, and more functional application programs. Chapter 6 Summary Popular Peripheral Devices Monitor Displays instructions from the program to you, and shows you what you've typed into memory. Printer Produces a paper copy of information you create with the computer.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 49 of 74 fear of pressing the wrong key and losing data, you'll have a hard time divorcing yourself from pencil and paper. And the secret to computer confidence is file management knowing how to get at your data, knowing how to make copies of your data. If the application programs you use don't have data management utilities like catalog, copy, and format, you must get a utilities disk that works with your application program and learn to use it.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 50 of 74 code that defines the representation of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. assembly language: A programming language that is very close to the language of electrical impulses that is the Apple IIe's native tongue. Because assembly language programs require very little translation, they can be very fast, and are therefore ideal for arcade-style computer games and other applications in which speed is a factor. AUX.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM CAI: Page 51 of 74 See computer-aided instruction. Caps Lock: A key that you can lock into place so that subsequent letters you type will come out capitalized. Caps Lock doesn't affect non-alphabet keys. card: A circuit board that you can plug into a slot inside the Apple IIe to expand the computer's memory, enhance its video capabilities, or give it the means to communicate with a peripheral device like a printer or a modem.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM computer system: configuration: connect time: contrast knob: Page 52 of 74 A collective term for the Apple IIe and everything attached to it. See computer system. The amount of time you spend accessing an information service. A dial on your video monitor that lets you adjust the brightness on the screen. CONTROL: A key on the Apple keyboard that when pressed in conjunction with another key makes that other key behave differently.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 53 of 74 disk: A circle of flexible plastic coated with iron oxide (the same sort of thing they make cassette tape out of). You can buy programs pre-recorded on disks, and you save your work on blank disks. disk controller card: or more disk drives.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 54 of 74 Extended 80-Column Text Card: A circuit board that doubles the number of characters shown across the screen and doubles the memory of the computer from 64K to 128K. Extended 80-Column Text/AppleColor Adapter Card: A circuit board that you can plug into the AUX. CONNECTOR slot to double the number of characters shown across the screen, to double RAM from 64K to 128K, and to allow you to connect an RGB-style color monitor to your Apple IIe.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 55 of 74 in the monitor. industry specific software: marine biologists. information service: other services. initialize: format. Programs designed for a particular audience doctors, lawyers, A large data base that you can subscribe to for news, stock quotes, and To prepare a disk so the computer can store information on it. Another word for input/output: Abbreviated I/O.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM letter quality printer: line feed: Page 56 of 74 See daisy wheel printer. Act of advancing to the next line. line number: A number that tells the computer the order in which to carry out the instructions in a BASIC program. LISP: A programming language. LIST: An Applesoft BASIC command that lets you see the program in memory. load: To put data or programs into the computer from a disk.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM mouse-driven: MousePaint: Page 57 of 74 A phrase used to describe a program that lets you use a mouse. A sketching program from Apple. MouseText: Special characters, like check marks and little apples, that make programs more fun or more intuitive to use. MS-DOS: The operating system for programs designed to run on the IBM personal computer. music synthesizer: compositions.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 58 of 74 much human intervention. PL/1: A complex, but flexible programming language said to combine the best features of FORTRAN, a programming language suited to scientific applications, and COBOL, a programming language suited to business applications. plotter: A device that prints charts and graphs. pointer: A marker that moves across the screen when you move the mouse across your desk (in mouse-driven programs). Compare cursor.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 59 of 74 display device. RAM: See random-access memory. RAM card: A card that lets you expand the memory of your Apple IIe far beyond 128K to take advantage of more sophisticated application programs. random-access memory (RAM): microprocessor. read: Temporary memory. RAM stores programs and data for the To get information from a disk and put it in memory. read-only memory (ROM): Permanent memory. Applesoft BASIC is stored in ROM.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 60 of 74 television, and other electronic devices. Shift: A key that you can press in combination with another key to get uppercase letters or the upper character on two-character keys. simulation: 65C02: A computerized representation of something in action. The type of microprocessor (or brain) used in the Apple IIe. slots: Long, narrow connectors inside the Apple IIe that let you connect printers and other devices to the computer.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM template: programs. Page 61 of 74 A form, or electronic overlay, that allows non-accountant types to use spreadsheet thermal transfer printer: A quiet, inexpensive type of printer, like the Apple Scribe, works essentially by burning characters on paper. traces: that Electrical roads that connect the components on a circuit board. track: When disks are formatted, a series of concentric circles is magnetically drawn on the disk.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 62 of 74 Z80 Card: A circuit board containing a Z80 microprocessor. An Apple IIe equipped with a Z80 card can run programs based on the popular CP/M operating system. Apple II Family Differences There are thousands of programs for the Apple II family of computers. Running Apple II Plus Programs on an Apple IIe Here are some of the idiosyncracies involved in running a program designed for the Apple II Plus on an Apple IIe.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 63 of 74 One of the enhancements makes it possible for programmers to use special symbols that make using programs more intuitive and fun. Programs designed for earlier models of the Apple II won't take advantage of these special characters at least not intentionally. But you may notice little apples and check marks in place of uppercase inverse characters in older programs.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 64 of 74 Check the manual to see if you did the procedure correctly. Get help from someone who knows how to use the program. Get help from your dealer. (But keep in mind that the dealer carries a library of software and won't be intimately acquainted with every feature of each program.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 65 of 74 what's on the disk. You can run any of the programs with the letter A in front of them by typing RUN, the name of the program, and then pressing Return. You can run some of the programs with the letter B in front of them by typing BRUN, the name of the program, and then Return. (The letters A and B refer to the program's file type.) For ProDOS disks, type CAT and press Return.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 66 of 74 The wrong disk drive whirs when you start up a program. The disk drive that whirs when you turn on the power is drive 1. Stop the whirring disk drive by pressing CONTROL-RESET then put your program disk in drive 1 and start again. Problems With the Printer Unintentional double or triple spacing. Both your printer and your application program are generating line feeds after every carriage return.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 67 of 74 only 40 columns clearly. If the program gives you a choice, select the 40-column display option. If it doesn't, use a monitor (if available). Unusual characters (little arrows, check marks and arrows) appear on the screen intermingled with regular text. The application program you're using was designed for earlier models of the Apple IIe and is using a character set now reserved for mouse characters.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 68 of 74 Turn off the power. Problems Decoding an Error Message You see the message: SYNTAX ERROR Some programs require all your entries to be in uppercase. You typed something in lowercase. It's also possible that the program doesn't recognize the command or instruction you typed maybe it's misspelled. Press Caps Lock down and type your entry again. Check your typing. If you made a mistake, retype the command.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 69 of 74 16K ROM, including Applesoft BASIC Memory expansion slot Seven slots for peripheral device interface cards Typewriter-style keyboard, with access to all 128 ASCII characters Speaker Hand control input and output Cassette recorder input and output Color graphics capability Programming Languages Available BASIC Pascal Logo 6502/65C02 Machine Language COBOL FORTRAN SuperPILOT FORTH C PL/1 LISP Modula-2 Operating Systems ProDOS DOS 3.3 DO3 3.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 70 of 74 ProFile Mouse Hand controls, joystick Numeric keypad 80-column card with 64K memory expansion 80-column card with 64K memory expansion and RGB video Ask Apple Now that you've spent some time with the Apple IIe, you probably have lots of questions that never occurred to you before you actually tried out a computer. In this section, the questions new Apple users frequently ask are answered.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 71 of 74 How much do I need to know about operating systems? Unless you're planning on some heavy-duty programming, using a general utilities disk is the closest you need to get to an operating system. If, on the other hand, you've decided that programming is for you, you'll probably need more in-depth knowledge. If you'll be doing BASIC programming, read BASIC Programming With ProDOS and the ProDOS Technical Reference Manual.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 72 of 74 How much electricity does my Apple use? Your Apple IIe system, complete with monitor, uses less electricity than a 100-watt light bulb. Should I turn off my Apple after using it? If you're going to be away for more than an hour or two, it's a good idea to turn off your computer, just so you don't waste electricity. If you're just taking a stretch or grabbing a drink, leave your Apple on (but save what you're working on before you get up).
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 73 of 74 computer, you can get questions answered. You'll enjoy the social and informational tone of the meetings. If you choose to join the group, you may be asked for a small fee to cover membership. Is there really a way to get free software? Well, nothing is ever free. But you can get very inexpensive public domain software when you join an Apple user's group.
IIe Printed: Tuesday, March 4, 2003 10:40:15 AM Page 74 of 74 Yes. The Apple I was the first computer that Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created. The computer had no case, and you had to purchase your own keyboard. There were no disk drives back then, so all programs had to be stored on cassette tape. Really, though, the Apple I was the most user friendly computer of its day since it required only a minimum of time and technical know-how to put it together. About 200 Apple I's were built.
