Keynote ’08 User’s Guide
K Apple Inc. © 2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
1 Contents Preface 12 Welcome to the Keynote User’s Guide Chapter 1 14 14 16 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 24 24 24 25 25 Keynote Tools and Techniques About Themes and Master Slides The Keynote Window Zooming In or Out Changing Views Navigator View Outline View Light Table View Jumping to a Particular Slide The Toolbar The Format Bar The Inspector Window The Media Browser The Colors Window The Font Panel The Warnings Window Keyboard Shortcuts and Shortcut Menus Chapter 2 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 29 29 29
Chapter 3 4 30 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 37 Adding, Deleting, and Organizing Slides Adding Slides Reordering Slides Grouping Slides Deleting Slides Skipping Slides Adding Slide Numbers Using Comments Copying or Moving Items Among Slides Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout Changing the Theme Using Multiple Themes Applying a New Master to a Slide Changing a Slide’s Layout Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides 38 38 39 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 47
49 49 50 50 50 51 51 52 53 53 53 54 54 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 57 57 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 66 67 Using Advanced Typography Features Adjusting Font Smoothing Setting Text Alignment, Spacing, and Color Using the Text Inspector to Manage Alignment, Spacing, and Color Aligning Text Horizontally Aligning Text Vertically Adjusting the Spacing Between Lines of Text Adjusting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters Changing Text Color Using the Tex
Chapter 4 6 68 68 68 69 69 70 70 70 71 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 79 80 81 82 82 83 84 84 85 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 88 89 Working with Sound, Movies, Graphics, and Other Objects Selecting Objects Copying or Duplicating Objects Deleting Objects Moving Objects Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects) Aligning Objects Aligning Objects on a Slide Relative to One Another Spacing Objects Evenly on a Slide Using Alignment Guides Creating Your Own Alignment Guides Using Master G
89 90 90 91 91 92 93 94 95 95 96 96 97 98 98 99 99 100 Importing an Image Masking (Cropping) Images Cropping an Image Using the Default (Rectangular) Mask Masking an Image with a Shape Unmasking an Image Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image Changing an Image’s Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings Using Sound and Movies Adding Sound to a Slide Adding a Soundtrack to a Slideshow Adding a Movie Adjusting Media Playback Settings Adding Narration Rerecording a Recorded Slideshow Playin
Chapter 7 8 118 118 118 119 119 119 120 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 124 124 124 125 125 126 126 126 127 127 128 128 128 129 129 129 130 130 131 131 131 132 132 133 Copying Tables Among iWork Applications Selecting Tables and Their Components Selecting a Table Selecting a Table Cell Selecting a Group of Table Cells Selecting a Row or Column Selecting Table Cell Borders Working with Content in Table Cells Adding and Editing Cell Values Working with Text in Cells Working with Numbers in Cells Working with D
Chapter 8 136 136 137 137 138 138 138 139 139 140 140 140 141 142 143 Performing a Basic Calculation Using Row Values Removing a Formula Using the Formula Editor Adding a New Formula with the Formula Editor Editing a Formula with the Formula Editor Using Cell References Adding Cell References to a Formula Copying or Moving Formulas with Cell References Applying a Formula Once to Cells in a Column or Row Handling Errors and Warnings Using Operators Performing Arithmetic Operations Understanding the Arithme
157 158 158 158 159 159 159 160 160 161 161 Chapter 9 10 163 163 164 164 165 166 166 166 167 167 168 169 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 173 173 174 175 175 175 176 178 178 178 180 180 Separating Individual Pie Wedges Adding Shadows to Pie Charts and Wedges Adjusting the Opacity of Pie Charts Rotating 2D Pie Charts Bar and Column Charts Adjusting Spacing of Bar and Column Charts Adding Shadows to Bar and Column Charts Adjusting the Opacity of Bar and Column Charts Area Charts and Line Charts Scatter Charts 3
181 181 181 182 183 183 183 184 185 185 186 Chapter 10 187 187 188 189 190 190 190 191 191 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 196 196 197 197 197 198 198 Index 199 Exporting Slides as Image Files Creating a Flash Document Creating an HTML Document Publishing to YouTube Sending a Presentation to iLife Applications Creating an iDVD Project Creating an iPhoto Album Exporting to iWeb Exporting to iTunes and iPod Exporting to GarageBand Saving a Presentation in iWork ’05 or iWork ’06 Format Designing Your O
This full-color PDF document provides extensive instructions for using Keynote. Before using this document, you may want to look at the Keynote tutorial in the iWork ‘08 Getting Started book. It’s a quick way to prepare yourself to be a self-sufficient Keynote user. The book also provides additional resources for getting acquainted with Keynote, such as a tour of its features and how-to videos. When you need detailed instructions to help you accomplish specific tasks, you’ll find them in this user’s guide.
The following table tells you where to find information in this guide. In Keynote Help, you can find information by browsing or searching.
1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 1 This chapter introduces you to the windows and tools you use to create slideshows with Keynote. Each slideshow you create is its own Keynote document. If you add movies, sounds, or other media to your slideshow, you can save them as a part of the document so that you can easily move the presentation from one computer to another.
When you want to create a slide with particular elements—such as a title, a block of text, a bulleted list, or a graphic—you select the master slide that most resembles what you need. Master slides contain placeholders, which you replace with your own content. Media placeholder for images, movies, or other media files Placeholder text  Placeholder text (“Double-click to edit”) shows what your text will look like. Doubleclick this text and type your own. To learn more, see “Adding Text” on page 38.
Most themes come with the following master slides: Master slide Recommended use Title & Subtitle Title page or section titles within your presentation Title & Bullets Content Title & Bullets - 2 Column Content you want to appear side by side Bullets General content pages that require bulleted text; the text area fills the entire slide Blank Graphics-rich layouts Title - Top or Center Title page or section titles within your presentation Photo - Horizontal Horizontal photo with title below Ph
 You can write notes about individual slides in the presenter notes field. You can refer to these notes during a presentation; the audience won’t see them. For more information, see “Adding Presenter Notes” on page 166. The slide canvas: Create each slide by typing text and adding objects and media. The toolbar: Customize it to include the tools you use most often. The slide navigator: See a visual overview of your slide presentation. You can view a thumbnail of each slide or a text outline.
Zooming In or Out You can enlarge (zoom in) or reduce (zoom out) your view of the slide canvas. Here are ways to zoom in or out: m Choose View > Zoom > zoom level. m Choose a magnification level from the Zoom pop-up menu at the bottom left of the slide canvas. Changing Views Keynote offers several ways to view, manage, and organize the slides in a Keynote document: navigator view, outline view, and light table view. You can also view only the slide canvas.
Here are ways to work with navigator view: m To show navigator view, click View in the toolbar and choose Navigator, or choose View > Navigator. m To rearrange or indent slides, drag them. m To show or hide groups of slides (indented slides and their “parent” slide), click the disclosure triangles. m To enlarge or shrink the thumbnail images, click the button in the lower-left corner and choose a size. m To duplicate one or more adjacent slides, select them and choose Edit > Duplicate.
Here are ways to work with outline view: m To show outline view, click View in the toolbar and choose Outline (or choose View > Outline). m To change the font used in outline view, choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, and then choose a font and size from the Outline View Font pop-up menus. m To print the outline view, choose File > Print. In the Print dialog, choose Keynote from the Copies & Pages pop-up menu, and then select Outline.
The Toolbar The Keynote toolbar provides one-click access to many of the actions you’ll perform as you work in Keynote. You can add, remove, and rearrange toolbar buttons to suit your working style. The default set of toolbar buttons is shown below. Play slideshow. Add a free text box, shape, table, chart, or comment. Crop or remove unwanted parts of a photo. Open tool windows. Show or hide Format Bar. Add slides. Choose a new view, theme, or master slide. Animate collections of images.
The Format Bar Use the Format Bar to quickly change the appearance of text, tables, charts, and other elements in your slideshow. Here are ways to show and hide the Format Bar: m Choose View > Show Format Bar or View > Hide Format Bar. m Click the Format Bar button in the toolbar. The controls in the Format Bar depend on which object is selected. To see a description of what a Format Bar control does, hold the pointer over it.
The Inspector Window Most elements of your slideshow can be formatted using the Keynote inspectors. Each inspector focuses on a different aspect of formatting. For example, the Document Inspector contains settings for the entire slideshow. Click one of these buttons to display a different inspector. Opening multiple Inspector windows can make it easier to work on your document.
The Media Browser The Media Browser provides access to all the media files in your iPhoto library, your iTunes library, your Aperture library, and your Movies folder. You can drag an item from the Media Browser to a slide or to an image well in an inspector. Click a button to view the files in your iTunes library, your iPhoto library, your Aperture library, or your Movies folder. Drag a file to your document. Search for a file.
For more information about using the Font panel and changing the look of text, see “Using the Font Panel to Format Text” on page 42. The Warnings Window When you import a document into Keynote, or export a Keynote document to another format, some elements might not transfer identically. The Warnings window lists any problems encountered. You might get warnings in other situations, such as saving a document in an earlier version of the application.
2 Working with a Keynote Document 2 This chapter explains how to create, open, import, and save Keynote documents. It also describes how to add and organize slides, and how to change a slide’s theme, layout, or master. Before you start working in Keynote, you may want to go through the tutorial in the iWork ’08 Getting Started book. It will help you become self-sufficient in Keynote quickly. Creating or Opening a Slideshow Each slideshow you create is its own Keynote document.
∏ Tip: You can set up Keynote to use the same theme when you create a new document. Choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, select “Use theme,” and then choose a theme. To change the theme, click Choose. Importing a Slideshow If you already have a slide presentation that you created in Microsoft PowerPoint or AppleWorks, you can import it into Keynote and continue to work on it. Here are ways to import a PowerPoint or an AppleWorks document: m In Keynote, choose File > Open.
By default, audio and movie files are saved with Keynote documents, but you can change this setting. If you don’t save media files with the document, you need to transfer them separately to view the document on another computer. Saving a Document It’s a good idea to save your document often as you work. After you’ve saved it for the first time, you can press Command-S to re-save it using the same settings. To save a document for the first time: 1 Choose File > Save, or press Command-S.
Undoing Changes If you don’t want to save changes you made to your document since opening it or last saving it, you can undo them. Here are ways to undo changes: m To undo your most recent change, choose Edit > Undo. m To undo multiple changes, choose Edit > Undo multiple times. You can undo any changes you made since opening the document or reverting to the last saved version. m To undo one or more Edit > Undo operations, choose Edit > Redo one or more times.
Saving a Document as a Theme You can modify a theme and then save it so that it appears in the Theme Chooser and you can use it again. To save a document as a theme: m Choose File > Save Theme. See “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 187 for additional details. Saving Search Terms for a Document You can store information—such as author name, keywords, and comments—in Keynote documents. On computers with Mac OS X, you can use Spotlight to locate documents containing that information.
After you create a new slide, you customize it by adding your own text, images, shapes, tables and charts, and more. Adding Slides Here are ways to add a slide: m Select a slide in the slide navigator and press Return. m Select a slide and click the New (+) button in the toolbar. m Select a slide and choose Slide > New Slide. m Press Option and drag a slide until you see a blue triangle. This action duplicates the dragged slide. m Select a slide and choose Edit > Duplicate.
Here are ways to work with groups of slides in navigator view: m To indent slides, select them and press Tab or drag the slides to the right. You can create more indent levels by pressing Tab again or dragging farther to the right. However, you can indent a slide only one level deeper than the slide above it. m To remove an indent, drag the slides to the left or press Shift-Tab. m To show or collapse (hide) a group of slides, click the disclosure triangle to the left of the first slide above the group.
Adding Slide Numbers You can add numbers (similar to page numbers) to individual slides. Or you can turn on numbering for a master slide so that each new slide based on that master automatically gets an ascending slide number. Here are ways to add slide numbers: m Select a slide in the slide navigator, open the Slide Inspector, click Appearance, and then select Slide Number. The number assigned reflects the location of the slide in the organizer (skipped slides aren’t numbered).
m To hide or show comments, click View in the toolbar and choose Hide Comments or Show Comments. m To resize a comment, drag the lower-right corner. m To delete a comment, click the x icon in the upper-right corner. m To format a comment, see instructions in “Formatting Text Size and Appearance” on page 40 and “Filling an Object with Color” on page 79. m To print with comments showing, make sure the comments are visible on the slide canvas before you print.
Changing the Theme You can change a slide’s theme at any time by selecting it and choosing another theme using the Themes button in the toolbar. To retain formatting changes you’ve already made, or to change a whole slideshow’s theme, follow these steps. To change a slide’s or a slideshow’s theme: 1 In the slide navigator, select the slide or slides whose theme you want to change. (If you want to change all slides, skip this step.) 2 Click Themes in the toolbar and choose Theme Chooser.
To change a slide’s master using the Slide Inspector: 1 Select the slide whose layout you want to change. 2 Choose View > Show Inspector, and then click the Slide Inspector button. 3 Click Appearance. 4 To apply a different master slide, click the triangle next to the slide thumbnail image and choose one from the pop-up list. Changing a Slide’s Layout You can easily add a preformatted title box, body text box, object placeholder, or slide number to individual slides.
5 To apply a background, choose a background type from the Background pop-up menu. Color Fill: Makes the background a single, solid color. Click the color well and choose a color in the Colors window. Gradient Fill: Colors the background with a color gradient. Click each color well and choose colors in the Colors window. Image Fill: Uses your own image as a background. Click Choose and select an image. Tinted Image Fill: Uses your own image with a semi-opaque color tint over it.
3 Working with Text 3 This chapter describes how to add and modify the appearance of text, including lists. In Keynote, you can place text in text boxes, table cells, and shapes. Adding Text Master slides provide placeholder text (which you replace with your own) for slide titles and body text. Title text is larger than body text. Most body text is bulleted (preceded by a “dot” or other ornament), but you can change to non-bulleted text using the Bullets pane in the Text Inspector.
m To move a bulleted line to a higher indent level, press Shift-Tab. Double-click in a title text box and type a title. The font and text size are already set for you. Double-click in a body text box and type to create text. The font, text size, and other attributes are already set. If the slide you’re working on doesn’t have title text or body text, you can either choose a different master or select Title or Body in the Appearance pane of the Slide Inspector.
m To select blocks of text, click the start of a text block, and then click the end of another text block while holding down the Shift key. m To select from the insertion point to the beginning of the paragraph, press the Up Arrow key while holding down the Shift and Option keys. m To select from the insertion point to the end of the paragraph, press the Down Arrow key while holding down the Shift and Option keys.
Using the Format Menu to Format Text The items in the Font submenu of the Format menu give you basic control over the size and appearance of text. Making Text Bold or Italic Using the Menus You can make characters bold or italic. To make text bold or italic: 1 Select the text you want to make bold or italic, or click where you want to type new text. 2 Choose Format > Font > Bold. Or choose Format > Font > Italic. Some fonts contain several bold and italic typefaces.
To specify a precise size for selected text, click Fonts in the toolbar and use the Size controls in the Font panel. See “Using the Font Panel to Format Text” on page 42. Making Text Subscript or Superscript Using the Menus You can raise or lower text from its baseline. To make text subscript or superscript: 1 Select the text you want to raise or lower, or click where you want to type new text.
To open the Font panel: m Click Fonts in the toolbar. Preview the selected typeface (you might need to choose Show Preview from the Action menu). Apply a shadow to selected text. Modify the shadow using the opacity, blur, offset, and angle controls. Create interesting text effects using these buttons. Select a font size to apply to selected text in your document. The Action menu Find fonts by typing a font name in the search field. Select a typeface to apply to selected text in your document.
Here are tips for using the Font panel: m To quickly locate fonts you frequently use, organize them into font collections. Click the Add (+) button to create a font collection, and then drag a typeface into the new collection. m To make it easy to change fonts often, leave the Font panel open.
Adding a Strikethrough to Text Using the Font Panel You can mark text with a strikethrough line, and make the line’s color different from the text color. To add a strikethrough to selected text: 1 Click Fonts in the toolbar. 2 Click the Text Strikethrough button (the second button from the left), and choose None, Single, or Double from the pop-up menu. A single or double strikethrough appears through the selected text in the same color as the text.
5 Drag the shadow offset slider (the third slider) to the right to separate the shadow from the text. 6 Rotate the Shadow Angle wheel to set the direction of the shadow. You can also set text shadows in the Graphic Inspector, as described in “Adding Shadows” on page 76. Changing the Font Used in Outline View You can change the font used when you view your slideshow in outline view. To change the outline view font: 1 Choose Keynote > Preferences. 2 If the General pane isn’t showing, click General.
6 Press the modifier key you pressed in step 4 (Shift, Option, Option-Shift, or none) and press the key on your keyboard that is in the same place as the accent you see in the Keyboard Viewer. Then release the modifier key and press the key for the character you want to accent. The accent key modifies the key you type next. For example, on a U.S. keyboard, to make the é appear, press Option and E (the accent key), then press E (the key on which you want that accent to appear).
In Mac OS X version 10.4, the Character Palette looks like this: 4 Click an item in the list on the left to see the characters that are available in each category. 5 Double-click the character or symbol on the right that you want to insert into your document, or select the character and click Insert. If the character or symbol has variations, they appear at the bottom of the window when you click the Character Info triangle or Font Variation triangle at the bottom of the palette.
Using Advanced Typography Features Some fonts, such as Zapfino and Hoefler, have advanced typography features, which let you create different effects. If you are using a font that has different typography effects available, you can change many of them in the Font submenu of the Format menu. For example, you may be able to adjust the following: Â Kern: Place characters closer together or farther apart.
Setting Text Alignment, Spacing, and Color The primary tool for adjusting text attributes is the Text Inspector. You can make some horizontal alignment adjustments (such as centering text or aligning it on the left) by using the Format menu. Using the Text Inspector to Manage Alignment, Spacing, and Color In the Text pane of the Text Inspector, you can change the text color and alignment. You can also adjust the spacing between individual text characters and lines.
3 Click one of the five horizontal alignment buttons, located to the right of the color well. From left to right, these buttons have the following effects. The Align Left button places each line of text against the left margin of the object. The Center button sets the center of each line of text at the center of the object. The Align Right button sets each line of text against the right margin of the object.
4 Choose a line spacing option from the Line spacing pop-up menu that appears when you click the text below the Line field. Line field: Type a value (or click the arrows) to specify the space between lines of text in a paragraph. Line spacing pop-up menu: Click the text below the Line field and choose a line spacing option. Standard line spacing (Single, Double, Multiple): The space between lines is proportional to font size.
To set spacing around text in boxes, shapes, and table cells, use the Inset Margin control, described in “Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects” on page 56. Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters You can increase or decrease the amount of space between characters. To adjust the amount of space between characters: 1 Select the text you want to change, or click where you want to type new text. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
Here are ways to work with rulers: m To show or hide rulers, click View in the toolbar and choose Show Rulers or Hide Rulers. m To change the units of measure in the rulers, choose Keynote > Preferences, click Rulers, and choose an item from the Ruler Units pop-up menu. m To display measurements as a percentage of the distance across, choose Keynote > Preferences, click Rulers, and select “Display ruler units as percentage.
3 To change the tab to a different type, Control-click the tab symbol and choose an option from the shortcut menu. Or double-click the tab symbol in the ruler repeatedly until the type of tab you want appears. Deleting a Tab Stop You can quickly remove a tab stop using the horizontal ruler. To delete a tab stop: 1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Rulers. 2 Drag the tab symbol off the horizontal ruler.
Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects You can change the amount of space between text and the inside border of a text box, shape, or table cell. This measurement is called the inset margin. The amount of space you specify is applied equally around the text on all sides. To set the spacing between text and the inside of a text box, shape, or table cell: 1 Select the text box, shape, or table cell.
m To return to regular text at the end of your list, press Return twice. Using Bulleted Lists Although you can use automatic list generation to create a simple bulleted list, using the Text Inspector gives you many options for formatting bulleted lists To add and format a bulleted list: 1 Place the insertion point where you want the list to begin. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Bullets. 3 Choose a bullet style from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu.
To add and format a numbered list: 1 Place the insertion point where you want the list to begin. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Bullets. 3 Choose Numbers from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu, and then choose a numbering style from the pop-up menu directly below it. 4 To adjust the space between numbers and the left margin, use the Number Indent field. To adjust the space between numbers and text, use the Text Indent field.
3 To create a legal style list, choose Tiered Numbers from the Bullets & Numbering popup menu. Otherwise, choose Numbers instead. 4 Choose a numbering style from the pop-up menu directly below it. 5 To adjust the space between numbers and the left margin, use the Number Indent field. To adjust the space between numbers and text, use the Text Indent field. Use these techniques to add and indent items in your list: Â To add a new topic at the current indent level, press Return.
After you set a width (or the box is as wide as the slide), the text box grows vertically to accommodate your text. If you delete text, the box automatically shrinks. 4 When you’ve finished typing, click outside the text box. Or, to stop editing text and select the text box, press Command-Return. 5 Drag the text box to position it on the slide. You can also draw a free text box.
You can format the text within a shape. You can also rotate a shape while keeping its text horizontal. After rotating the shape choose Format > Shape > Reset Text and Object Handles. 4 To add text to a shape that’s part of a group, double-click the text area of any shape in the group. If you resize the group, everything resizes except for the text. You can still edit and format the text. See “Grouping and Locking Objects” on page 78 for details about grouping objects.
Linking to a Webpage You can add a hyperlink that opens a webpage in your default web browser. To add a hyperlink that opens a webpage: 1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink. If you type text that starts with “www” or “http” (or copy it from another document), the text automatically becomes a hyperlink. To turn off this feature, choose Keynote > Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and deselect “Automatically detect email and web addresses.
3 Choose Email Message from the Link To pop-up menu. 4 Type the email address of the intended recipient in the To field. 5 Optionally type a subject line in the Subject field. 6 To display custom text for the hyperlink, type new text in the Display field. (This option is dimmed if you chose an object instead of text as the hyperlink.) Type the recipient’s email address. Type the message subject. Type the link text to display on the slide.
5 If you want to change text that appears as the hyperlink in the document, type new text in the Display field. When you click a link to another Keynote document, the new slideshow begins playing from the first slide. Using a Hyperlink to Stop a Slideshow Add a hyperlink that stops a slideshow. To add a hyperlink that stops a slideshow: 1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink.
To set Keynote to automatically detect that something you’ve typed is an email address or a URL, select “Automatically detect email and web addresses.” Email and web addresses you type automatically become hyperlinks for Mail or Safari. To replace one or more characters with one or more different characters, select “Symbol and text substitution.” Then use the rows in the table to define and activate specific substitutions.
To go through the text more quickly, press Command-semicolon (;) to continue checking the document. m To check spelling and view suggestions for misspelled words, choose Edit > Spelling > Spelling. The Spelling window opens, and you can use it as “Working with Spelling Suggestions,” next, describes. Working with Spelling Suggestions Use the Spelling window to work with alternative spellings. To work with spelling suggestions: 1 Choose Edit > Spelling > Spelling.
Finding and Replacing Text You can find every instance of a word or phrase in your document, and optionally change it to something else. Here are ways to find and replace text: m Choose Edit > Find > Find, click Simple or Advanced to set up find/replace criteria, and then click a button to conduct find/replace operations. Simple: In the Find field, type the text you want to find, and type any text you want to replace it with in the Replace field.
4 Working with Sound, Movies, Graphics, and Other Objects 4 This chapter describes techniques for adding and modifying images, shapes, sound, and other objects. An object is an item you can add to a document and then manipulate. Images, shapes, movies, audio files, web views, tables, charts, and text boxes are all objects. Images include photographs or PDF files. Movies and sound can be used throughout a slideshow or only with particular slides.
Here are ways to copy objects: m To copy and paste an object, select it, and then choose Edit > Copy. Click where you want the copy to appear. Choose Edit > Paste. m To duplicate an object on a slide, hold down the Option key while you drag the object. You can also duplicate the object. Select the object and choose Edit > Duplicate. The copy appears on top of the original, slightly offset. Drag the copy to the desired location.
Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects) When objects overlap or when text and objects overlap, you can change the order of objects in the stack. To move an object in front or in back of text or another object: 1 Select the object you want to move. 2 To move an object a layer at a time, choose Arrange > Bring Forward or Arrange > Send Backward. 3 To move an object to the very top or bottom of the stack, choose Arrange > Bring to Front or Arrange > Send to Back.
Spacing Objects Evenly on a Slide You can quickly place an equal amount of space between objects, regardless of their size. To space objects evenly: 1 Select the objects. 2 Choose Arrange > Distribute Objects, and then choose an option from the submenu. Horizontally: Adjusts the horizontal spacing between objects. Vertically: Adjusts the vertical spacing between objects. Using Alignment Guides You can turn on alignment guides to help you align objects on a slide.
3 Drag the guide where you want it on the slide. Note: Alignment guides can’t be created if you are editing text. Stop editing text by selecting an object or clicking the slide canvas. To remove an alignment guide that you’ve created, drag it off the edge of the slide. Using Master Gridlines In addition to alignment guides on a slide, you can turn on vertical and horizontal gridlines that divide a slide into equal sections.
When you enter X and Y coordinates for line positions in the Metrics Inspector, the Start coordinates represent the first endpoint you created. If you later flip or rotate the line, the Start coordinates continue to represent the first endpoint. Position a fixed line on the slide by specifying X and Y coordinates for its first endpoint. Position a fixed line on the slide by specifying X and Y coordinates for its second endpoint.
Flipping and Rotating Objects You can flip or rotate any object. For example, if you have an image of an arrow that you want to use in your document, but you need it to point in a different direction, you can reverse its direction vertically or horizontally, or point it at any angle. Here are ways to change an object’s orientation: m To flip an object horizontally or vertically, select the object, and then choose Arrange > Flip Horizontally or Arrange > Flip Vertically.
5 To change the line thickness, type a value in the Stroke field (or click the arrows). 6 To change the line color, click the color well and select a color. 7 To give the line endpoints, such as arrowheads or circles, choose left and right endpoints from the pop-up menus. Framing Objects Enclose your text boxes, images, movies, shapes, and media placeholders with graphical borders, known as picture frames.
Adding Shadows Shadows give your objects an appearance of depth. An object’s shadow appears on any object behind it. You can create a variety of shadow effects, or remove the shadow from an object. Select the checkbox to add a shadow to a selected object. Change the shadow color in the color well. Change the angle of the shadow with the Angle wheel. Offset, Blur, and Opacity values change the look of the shadow. To add a shadow to an object: 1 Select the object.
You can also use the Graphic Inspector shadow controls to add shadows to text. Select the text to which you want to add shadows, and use the controls as described above. Adding a Reflection You can add a reflection to an object that reflects vertically downward. To add a reflection to an object: 1 Select the object. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button. 3 Select Reflection and drag the slider to increase or decrease the amount of reflection.
For shapes, you can set opacity for fill and stroke colors separately from object opacity. If you move the Opacity slider in the Colors window to modify a fill or stroke color, that opacity value becomes maximum object opacity. Then, when you change the object opacity in the Graphic Inspector, you are changing it relative to the opacity you set in the Colors window. This circle is set to 100% opacity in the Graphic Inspector. This circle is set to 100% opacity in the Graphic Inspector.
Locking and Unlocking Objects You can lock objects to avoid inadvertently moving them as you work. After you lock individual or grouped objects, you can’t move, delete, or modify them until you unlock them. A locked object can be selected, copied, or duplicated; when you copy or duplicate a locked object, the new object is also locked. To lock objects: 1 Hold down the Command (or Shift) key as you select the objects you want to lock. 2 Choose Arrange > Lock.
Using the Colors Window You use the Colors window to select color for objects. Click a button to view different color models. Click the Search icon and then click any item on the screen to match its color. The color selected in the color wheel appears in this box. (The two colors in this box indicate the opacity is set to less than 100%.) Use the slider to set lighter or darker hues in the color wheel. Click to select a color in the color wheel.
6 To match the color of another item on the screen, click the magnifying glass to the left of the color box in the Colors window. Click the item on the screen whose color you want to match. The color appears in the color box. Select the item you want to color in the document window, and then drag the color from the color box to the item. Filling an Object with an Image You can fill a shape, text box, table, table cell, chart background, or chart series with an image.
Tile: Repeats the image inside the object, if the image is smaller than the object. If the image is larger than the object, you see only part of the image inside the object. Scale to Fill Original Size Tile (large image) Scale to Fit Stretch Tile (small image) Tile (large image) 5 If you chose Tinted Image Fill, click the color well (to the right of the Choose button) to choose a tint color. Drag the Opacity slider in the Colors window to make the tint darker or lighter.
Adding a Custom Shape You can use the Draw tool to create your own shapes. To create a custom shape: 1 Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select the Draw tool (or choose Insert > Shape > Draw a Shape). The pointer changes from an arrow to a small pen tip. 2 Click anywhere in your document to create the first point of the custom shape. 3 Click to create more points. Each point you add is connected to the preceding point. The shape is filled with the default color for the theme you’re using.
Making Shapes Editable In addition to resizing shapes, you can manipulate the points of a shape. Before you can edit a shape in this way, you need to make it editable. Here are ways to make shapes editable: m To make a predrawn shape editable, select the shape and then choose Format > Shape > Make Editable. Red dots appear on the shape. Drag the points to edit the shape. Later, to edit a predrawn shape that has been made editable, click it twice slowly.
Reshaping a Curve You can expand or contract a curve, or change its angle. To reshape a curve: 1 Make the shape editable. 2 Click a red circular control on the curve you want to reshape. A control handle appears on both sides of the circular control. Drag a control handle or rotate one or both control handles to change the curve. You can also drag a point to modify the curve. 3 To expand or contract the curve, drag the circular control or one of the control handles.
m To change all corner points in one or more shapes into curved points, make the shapes editable, select the shape(s), and then choose Format > Shape > Smooth Path. m To change all curved points in one or more shapes into corner points, make the shapes editable, select the shape(s), and then choose Format > Shape > Sharpen Path. After a shape is editable, you can use the Smooth Path and Sharpen Path commands without making the shape editable again.
Editing a Star The star shape has a slider for increasing and decreasing the number of points in the star and a circular control for changing the angles between points. Drag to change the angles between points in the star. View the number of points currently in the star. Drag to increase or decrease the number of points in the star. Here are ways to edit a star: m When you select a star shape, the slider appears. Drag the slider to increase or decrease the number of points in the star.
Using Media Placeholders Many Keynote themes contain placeholder photos. These photos are actually “media placeholders.” You can drag your own images, movies, and audio files to these placeholders, and your media file is automatically sized and positioned for you. You can easily replace an item in a media placeholder by dragging a new file to it; you don’t have to delete the old file first. You can also turn any media file on a slide into a placeholder.
m To convert a placeholder image to an image, select the image, choose Format > Advanced > “Define as Media Placeholder” (remove the checkmark). m To delete a media placeholder, select it and press the Delete key. m To create a media placeholder, add a photo, movie, or audio file to a slide. Resize the file and set the desired attributes (add a reflection, a picture frame, and so on). Choose Format > Advanced > “Define as Media Placeholder” (make sure a checkmark is next to the command name).
After an image has been scaled down to fit on a slide, you can’t restore it to its original size by clicking Original Size in the Metrics Inspector. To avoid downsampling and use images at their original size, choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, and then deselect “Reduce placed images to fit on slides.” Masking (Cropping) Images You can crop images without actually changing the image files by masking parts of them.
6 To make only the area under the mask visible, double-click the mask or image, press Return, click outside the image, or click Edit Mask. 7 To resize or rotate the masked image, drag or Command-drag its selection handles. 8 To deselect the image and hide the mask controls, click outside the image. Masking an Image with a Shape You can use a shape to define the boundaries of an image. To mask an image with a shape: 1 Do one of the following: Â Select the image and choose Format > “Mask with Shape” > Shape.
Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image The Instant Alpha tool enables you to convert certain colors in an image to transparent. This feature is useful for removing an unwanted background or other colors. You’ll get the best results removing solid colors with clear boundaries around them. To remove areas that are less distinct, select a smaller area and repeat the process. To remove unwanted elements: 1 Select the image. 2 Click Alpha in the toolbar (or choose Format > Instant Alpha).
Changing an Image’s Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings You can change the brightness, contrast, and other settings of images to improve their quality or to create interesting effects. Adjustments you make don’t affect the original image; they affect only the image’s appearance in Keynote. To adjust an image: 1 Select the image. 2 Choose View > Show Adjust Image. Adjust the lightness. Adjust the contrast of light and dark tones. Change the color intensity. Introduce more warmth or coolness.
The histogram: Helps you understand the relationship between shadows (depicted on the left side of the display) and highlights (depicted on the right side) in your image. Levels: Changes the levels of light and dark tones. Auto Levels: Has Keynote enhance colors automatically. 4 To restore the original settings, click Reset Image. To save any changes you made, save the document. The settings at the time you save the document are visible anytime you open the Adjust Image window.
Adding Sound to a Slide Add sound that plays when a slide appears and stops when you move to the next slide. Here are ways to add sound to a slide: m Drag a sound file from the Finder to a slide. m Click Media in the toolbar, choose iTunes from the pop-up menu, select a playlist, and then drag a file to the slide canvas or a media placeholder. (You can also drag a playlist.) You can more finely control when music starts and stops by using the Start Audio and Stop Audio effects in the Build Inspector.
Adding a Movie You can add a movie to a slide that plays when a slide appears or when the presenter clicks the mouse. Here are ways to add a movie: m Drag a movie file from the Finder to the slide canvas or to a media placeholder. m Click Media in the toolbar, click Movies, select a file, and then drag it to the slide canvas or to a media placeholder. m Choose Insert > Choose, select the movie file, and then click Insert.
6 Choose a repeat option from the Repeat pop-up menu: None: Play only once. Loop: Repeat continuously. Loop Back and Forth: Play backward and forward continuously. The QuickTime Inspector button Select the frames on which to start and stop playing the movie. Select to start the movie on click (rather than when the slide appears). Select the frame to display until the movie begins playing. Set playback repeat options. Set the playback volume.
4 As the presentation plays, speak into the microphone to record your narration. A pulsing red light in the upper-left corner of the screen indicates that recording is in progress. 5 To advance to the next slide, click the mouse or press the Right Arrow key. The following table lists other ways you can control the presentation while you are recording. Press or click To do this W (white screen), F (freeze), or B (black screen) Pause recording. Press any key to resume recording the slideshow.
To play a recorded slideshow: Â To listen to the narration, click the Play button on the Document Inspector’s Audio pane. Adjust the volume by dragging the Volume slider. Â To play a recorded presentation, click Play in the toolbar, choose View > Play Slideshow, or choose View > Play Recorded Slideshow. Note that a recorded slideshow plays only from the first recorded slide, which might not be the first slide in the document.
To add a web view to a slide: 1 Choose Insert > Web View. 2 In the Hyperlink Inspector, type the page’s URL (www.apple.com, for example). You can also drag a URL’s icon from the address bar of a browser to the slide canvas; drag the icon to the slide navigator to add a new slide and create a web view on it in one step. 3 To automatically update the webpage periodically, select “Update automatically.” If you don’t select “Update automatically,” you can update the webpage at any time by clicking Update Now.
5 Using Motion in Slideshows 5 This chapter describes how to add visual interest using slide transitions and object builds. After you’ve created and organized your slides, you can animate text and objects to add visual interest and emphasis. Â Transitions provide visual effects when you move from one slide to the next. Â Object builds animate elements on slides. Adding Transitions Between Slides Keynote provides a variety of transition styles.
To add a transition effect between slides: 1 Select a slide. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Slide Inspector button. 3 Click Transition. 4 Choose an option from the Effect pop-up menu. If you see “Effects that can’t play on this computer,” the transitions listed require your computer to have an advanced graphics card. 5 Choose an option from the Direction pop-up menu (not applicable for all effects).
You can, for example, make bulleted text appear line by line. Or you can display individual parts of a chart one at a time to focus viewers’ attention or build suspense. You can make an image move onto the slide from the left and later move off the slide to the right. Moving Objects on or off Slides Using Build Effects To move elements on or off a slide, begin with the completed slide (all elements visible), and then define a build for each element you want to appear or disappear.
5 To change the direction in which the object enters or leaves the slide, choose an option from the Direction pop-up menu. (Not all effects provide this option.) 6 To change whether the object builds as a whole or in parts, choose an option from the Delivery pop-up menu. The options in the Delivery pop-up menu change depending on the selected object. For example, options for a table include building by row or by column; options for text include building by paragraph.
Animating Objects on Slides (Action Builds) With action builds, you can move objects on a slide. To move an object from one location on a slide to another: 1 Open the Build Inspector (click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Build Inspector button). 2 Click Action. The Build Inspector button Click to preview the build. Set the animation effects. Use Action effects to animate elements on a slide. Make elements move, shrink, grow, fade, rotate, and more.
Reshape a curved path by dragging one of its nodes or node handles. For more control, click a node (a point on a path) and drag its handles. Control the speed and nature of the object’s motion by choosing an option from the Acceleration pop-up menu in the Build Inspector. To move a path and its beginning and end objects, drag the path. You can Shift-click to select multiple paths. Add a node (point) to a path by holding down the Option key while you click the path.
After an object and all its paths have been deselected, you can see them again by clicking the red Show Path button on the object. Click the Show Path button to see all the stages of an action build. Making Objects Fade, Rotate, Grow, or Shrink Use action builds to make objects on a slide rotate, or change opacity or size. To modify an object using an action build effect: 1 Open the Build Inspector (click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Build Inspector button). 2 Click Action.
To set up a Smart Build: 1 Click Smart Builds in the toolbar and choose an option. Click to preview the build. Set the animation effects. Specify how to align images. Display some photos longer than others. Specify which photos to include in the build. 2 Drag images from the Photos pane of the Media Browser (if it’s not open, click Media in the toolbar) to the rectangles in the Smart Build photo window. You can also drag photos and other image files from the Finder.
Some Smart Builds display images in two states. Use the size buttons and the Scale slider to specify the image size in each state. 4 Use the Action pane of the Build Inspector to modify the Smart Build in any of the following ways: To change settings such as direction, alignment, and perspective, use the controls in the Build Inspector. (The settings available depend on the effect you choose.) To change how long the build takes, type a value in the Duration field (or click the arrows).
Activating Object Builds You can create various effects by specifying when a build starts. To change when a build starts: 1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Build Inspector button. 2 In the Build Inspector, if the Build Order drawer isn’t open, click More Options. 3 In the Build Order drawer, select an item in the list and then choose an option from the Start Build pop-up menu. On Click: Initiates the build when you click.
Creating Builds That Interleave an Object’s Parts After you set up object builds on a slide, you can set up criteria for when Build In and Build Out effects become animated. For example, you can set up a build that brings the first text bullet onto the slide, then the first wedge of a pie chart, and then the second bullet. You can do the same to move objects off the slide. You can also specify a range of elements to be used in a build, such as only the second and third text bullets.
Creating Table Builds You can make tables appear or disappear on a slide row by row, column by column, and more. To set up a table build: 1 Select a table on the slide canvas for which you’ve defined a build. 2 Choose an option from the Delivery pop-up menu in the Build In or Build Out pane of the Build Inspector. All At Once: Moves the whole table as a single object. By Row: Moves the table onto the screen row by row. By Column: Moves the table onto the screen column by column.
All elements of a chart (except the legend) use the same build style. You can assign a chart legend its own build style and order. To make the legend appear with the chart, group it with the chart before you set the chart’s build style (see “Grouping and Ungrouping Objects” on page 78). Creating Movie Builds You can start and stop a movie while a particular slide is displayed. To set up a movie build: 1 Select a movie on the slide canvas.
6 Using Tables 6 This chapter tells you how to add and format tables and cell values. To learn about using formulas in table cells, see Chapter 7, “Using Formulas and Functions in Tables,” on page 134. About Tables Tables help you organize, analyze, and present data. Keynote provides a wide variety of options for building and formatting tables and handling values of different types.
Working with Tables Use a variety of techniques to create tables and manage their characteristics, size, and location. Adding a Table Add a table when you want to organize information or compare sets of data. When the table is complete, you can create interesting slide animations in which table elements appear cell by cell, row by row, or column by column. Here are ways to add a table: m Click Table in the toolbar (or choose Insert > Table).
Using Table Tools You can format a table and its columns, rows, cells, and cell values using various Keynote tools. Here are ways to manage table characteristics: m Use the Table pane of the Table Inspector to precisely control column width and row height, add headers and a footer, format borders, and more. To open the Table Inspector, click Inspector in the toolbar, and click the Table Inspector button. The Table Inspector button Specify the number of table rows and columns.
m Use the Graphics Inspector to create special visual effects, such as shadows and reflections. To open the Graphics Inspector, click Inspector in the toolbar and then click the Graphics Inspector button. m Access a shortcut menu by selecting a table or cell(s) and then holding down the Control key as you click again. You can also use the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menus in the Table Inspector. m Use the Formula Editor to add and edit formulas. See “Using the Formula Editor” on page 137 for details.
m To resize by specifying exact dimensions, select a table or table cell, click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then click Metrics. In this pane, you can specify a new width and height, change the table’s distance from the margins, and control the angle of rotation. m To resize by adjusting the dimensions of rows and columns, see “Resizing Table Rows and Columns” on page 130.
m If a table cell is selected, press Command-Return, or click outside the table and then click anywhere in the table. Selecting a Table Cell When you select a cell, the border of the selected cell is highlighted. To select a single table cell: m Select the table, and then click the cell. When a cell is selected, here is how to select another cell. To select Press The next cell to the right Tab If you press Tab in the last column, the first cell in the next row is selected.
Selecting Table Cell Borders Select cell borders when you want to format one or more segments of the borders. Here are ways to select borders and border segments: m To select specific borders for multiple cells: Select the table, row, column, or cells, and then click one of the Cell Borders buttons in the Table Inspector. m To select a border: If the table is selected, click the border. If the table isn’t selected, double-click the border.
m To replace everything in the cell, select the cell and then begin typing. You can also select the cell and then press Return or Enter, which selects everything in the cell, and then start typing. m To insert content within existing content, select the cell, click to set the insertion point, and begin typing. m To undo changes made to a table cell since selecting the cell, press Esc.
Here are techniques for working with numbers in table cells: m In a numeric cell use only numbers (0 through 9) or one of the following characters: +, –, (, ), /, $, %, a period, E, or e. m You can type some characters (such as %) into a cell, or you can use a cell format, as “Formatting Cell Values” on page 123 describes. m To specify a negative number, precede it with the minus sign (–).
You can enlarge a cell so that it displays more content, or you can let the cell’s content spill into adjacent blank cells. To avoid clipping and spilling, you can set up a table so that all its cells automatically shrink or expand in height to accommodate content by selecting “Automatically resize to fit content” in the Table Inspector’s Table pane.
m If you delete a value from a cell with a format, the format isn’t deleted. To delete the format, choose Automatic from the Format pop-up menu of the Format pane of the Table Inspector. m After you define a cell format, you can associate the format with multiple cells by using autofilling. See “Autofilling Table Cells” on page 127 for instructions. Using the Number Format Use the number format to format the display of a number’s decimal places, thousands separator, and negative values.
If the value is used in a formula, its decimal number version is used. For example, a value that displays as 3% is used as 0.03 in a formula. If you type 3% in a cell formatted using the automatic format and then apply the percentage format to the cell, the value displayed is 3%. However, if you type 3 in a cell formatted using the automatic format and then apply the percentage format to the cell, the value displayed is 300%. To define a percentage format for one or more cells: 1 Select the cell or cells.
3 Choose Fraction from the Cell Format pop-up menu. 4 Choose a display format from the Accuracy pop-up menu. Using the Scientific Format Use the scientific format to display numbers using an exponent raised by the power of 10. The exponent is displayed following an “E.” For example, the value 5.00 in scientific format displays as 5.00E0. And the value 12345 displays as 1.2345E4. To define a scientific format for one or more cells: 1 Select the cell or cells.
6 Choose a condition from the “Choose a rule” pop-up menu. The conditions in the top section of the menu apply tests to numeric values. Conditions for text values are in the middle section of the list, and date conditions are at the bottom. Note that the Between condition requires that you specify two numbers. The condition is met if either of the numbers or any number in between them appears in the cell(s). 7 Provide additional information as required to fully specify a particular condition to test for.
m To paste the content and fill of a cell into one or more cells in the same row or column, select two or more adjacent cells. Choose Insert > Fill Right to assign selected cells the value that resides in the leftmost selected cell(s). Choose Insert > Fill Down to assign selected cells the value that resides in the topmost selected cell(s). Any data, cell format, formula, or fill associated with the selected cell is pasted.
Here are ways to add columns: m To add a single column, select a cell and then choose Format > Table > Add Column Before or Add Column After. You can also choose these commands from the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menu in the Table Inspector. m To add one or more columns to the right side of a table, use the Columns controls in the Table pane of the Table Inspector. m You can split cells into two equal columns. “Splitting Table Cells” on page 131 tells you how.
m Select the table and then choose Add Footer Row or Delete Footer Row from the Format > Table submenu. Resizing Table Rows and Columns Resize all rows and columns so they’re equal in size, or resize only specific rows and columns. Here are ways to resize table rows and columns: m To make all rows the same size, select the table and choose Format >Table > Distribute Rows Evenly. To make all columns the same size, choose Format >Table > Distribute Columns Evenly.
Working with Table Cells You can split and merge table cells, resize them, format them, hide them, add comments, and more. Merging Table Cells Merging table cells combines adjacent cells into one, eliminating the borders so that they behave as a single cell. To merge table cells: 1 Select a group of two or more adjacent table cells. The group of cells you choose must form a rectangle, and they must all be body cells or header cells. 2 Choose Format > Table > Merge Cells.
3 To create smaller and smaller units, repeat steps 1 and 2 for the split cells. To rejoin split cells, merge them as “Merging Table Cells” on page 131 describes. Formatting Table Cell Borders You can change the line thickness and color of table cell borders. Or you can hide the cell border of any cell. Here are ways to format table cell borders: 1 Select the cell border segments you want to format (see “Selecting Table Cell Borders” on page 120).
Sorting Table Cells You can arrange values in some or all the cells in a column in ascending or descending order. Rows containing cells being sorted are reordered. Header cells aren’t sorted. Here are ways to sort: Â To sort all the cells in a column, select one of the column’s cells, open the Table Inspector, and then choose Sort Ascending or Sort Descending from the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menu.
7 Using Formulas and Functions in Tables 7 This chapter tells you how to perform calculations in table cells using formulas and functions. See Chapter 6, “Using Tables,” on page 114 for instructions for adding and formatting tables and data in them. See online help for complete information about individual functions. Using Formulas A formula is a mathematical expression that uses operations to derive a value.
Here’s a formula that adds the values in nine cells of the first column: SUM(A2:A10). There is one argument, A2:A10. The colon means the function should use the values in cells A2 through A10. Adding a Quick Formula An easy way to perform a basic calculation using values in a range of adjacent table cells is to add a quick formula using the Quick Formula pop-up menu on the Format pane of the Table Inspector. You can also choose Insert > Function and use the submenu that appears.
Performing a Basic Calculation Using Column Values Using the Quick Formula pop-up menu on the Format pane of the Table Inspector makes it easy to perform basic calculations on adjacent values in a column and display the results. Here are ways to perform basic calculations using values in a column: m To use values in a range of adjacent cells, select the cells, click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Table Inspector button, and then click Format. Choose a formula from the Quick Formula pop-up menu.
Using the Formula Editor The Formula Editor lets you create and modify formulas. Cancel button Discard changes. Move the Formula Editor by grabbing here and dragging. Accept button Save changes. Text field View or edit a formula. Here are ways to open the Formula Editor: m Select a table cell and then type the equal sign (=). m Select a table cell, click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Table Inspector button, and then click Format. Choose Formula Editor from the Quick Formula pop-up menu.
Editing a Formula with the Formula Editor You can use the Formula Editor when you want to edit a formula. To edit a formula: 1 Double-click a table cell that contains a formula. The Formula Editor opens, with the formula displayed in the text field and its arguments highlighted in color. 2 Make changes as required. You can use the arrow keys to move the insertion point around in the text field. 3 To save changes, press Return, press Enter, or click the Accept button in the Formula Editor.
m To add a reference to a list of individual cells, click each cell. If the references are arguments in a function, Keynote automatically inserts a comma (,) between the references, which you can replace with a different character if needed. For example, if you’re in a location where the decimal separator is a comma, you can separate multiple cell references using a semicolon instead of a comma. m To add a reference to a range of adjacent cells, drag over the cells you want to add.
To apply a header formula to cells in a column or row: 1 Select the header cell for the column or row. 2 Open the Formula Editor. For example, type the equal sign (=). 3 Type the formula you want to apply to each cell in the column or row. For example, to assign values to the cells of column C that are five times greater than the corresponding cell in column B, you’d use the formula B*5 or B:B*5. The formula is duplicated in all the cells in the column or row.
Here are the basic arithmetic operators. For complete information about arithmetic operators that Keynote supports, see “Understanding the Arithmetic Operators” on page 141. To perform this operation Use this arithmetic operator For example Sum two values + A2 + B2 Subtract one value from another – value A2 – B2 Multiply two values * A2 * B2 Divide one value by another value / A2 / B2 To add an arithmetic formula to a cell: 1 Select an empty cell for displaying the results of the formula.
m The operator ^ returns the result of raising one value to the power of another value. For example, A2 ^ B2 returns 400. m The operator % returns the result of dividing a value by 100. For example, A2% returns 0.2, formatted for display as 20%. When a cell reference points to an empty cell, 0 is the value used. When a cell reference points to a cell containing FALSE, 0 is used. If the cell contains TRUE, 1 is used. For example, TRUE + 1 returns 2.
Using Functions A function is a predefined, named operation (such as SUM and AVERAGE) that you can use to perform a calculation in a table cell. There are several families of functions, ranging from financial functions that calculate interest rates, investment values, and more to statistical functions that calculate averages, probabilities, standard deviations, and more.
8 Using Charts 8 You can convert data from tables into attractive charts. This chapter outlines the basics of creating and formatting charts. Keynote provides tools for creating your own visually appealing charts to present numerical data. You can copy and paste your data from a spreadsheet, or type it directly into the Chart Data Editor to create and edit your charts right on the slide canvas. By default, the appearance of charts is coordinated with the theme you’re using.
There are several ways to represent this data in a chart. In a bar chart, for example: Â You can plot 2007 employee counts for Region 1 and Region 2 in side-by-side bars, followed by pairs of bars for 2008, 2009, and 2010. Such a chart would have two data series and four data sets. Region 1 and Region 2 are called data series; each region is represented by a series of data values.
You can easily switch between using columns and rows as data series by using the Plot Row vs. Column button in the Chart Data Editor. This button makes the columns of data in the Chart Data Editor the data series. This button makes the rows of data in the Chart Data Editor the data series. Data series are represented differently in different kinds of charts: Â In column charts and bar charts, a data series is represented by a series of bars in the same fill (color or texture).
Selecting a Chart Type After you’ve added a chart, you can set or change its type. Choose from a wide variety of chart types, including bar charts, 3D bar charts, line charts, 3D line charts, and more. Picking an Initial Chart Type When you first add a chart, a default chart is inserted for you. You can change the type of the chart if you like.
Changing a Chart from One Type to Another You can change a chart’s type anytime you like. To change a chart from one type to another: 1 Select the chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then choose a different chart type from the pop-up menu that appears when you click the chart icon in the upper left. If you switch to a pie chart, the first data point in each series is represented as a wedge. See “Pie Charts” on page 156.
Editing Chart Data To edit chart data, open the Chart Data Editor and enter your data by typing it or by copying and pasting from Excel, AppleWorks, or other spreadsheet applications. To open the Chart Data Editor: 1 Select the chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Edit Data. You can also choose Format > Chart > Show Data Editor. Click these buttons to add another row or column for data. Type chart data directly into these spreadsheet cells.
m To add rows or columns, click Add Row or Add Column to place a row above the selected row or a column to the left of the selected column. If no row or column is selected, the new row or column appears at the bottom or right edge of the table. (To see the new row or column, you may have to press the Return key or the Tab key, expand the Chart Data Editor window, or scroll.) Alternatively, select any blank cell, type your data, and then press Return. A new row or column is automatically created.
Using a Chart Title You can add a title to a chart. The title can be formatted. Here are ways to work with a chart’s title: m To add a title, select the chart and then select Show Title in the Chart Inspector. Replace the placeholder text with your title. m To format the title’s text, see “Formatting Titles, Labels, and Legends” on page 156. m To hide the title, select the chart and then deselect Show Title in the Chart Inspector.
Adding Labels and Axis Markings Use the Axis pane in the Chart Inspector to format the grid and general look of chart axes. Show or hide axes and chart borders (2D charts only). Set attributes of labels, tick marks, and more. Set the range of values that appear on the chart grid. Select units for values in the chart. Most charts have two axes, an X-axis and a Y-axis. Depending on the type of chart, data points are plotted on one of the axes and data sets are grouped on the other axis.
Showing Data Point Labels You can display data point values on columns, bars, pie wedges, and other chart elements of 2D and 3D charts. To format data point labels: 1 Select the chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and click Series. 3 Choose Show Value from the Data Point Settings pop-up menu. To display the value as a percentage or logarithmic value instead of an absolute value, choose Percentage or Logarithmic in the X-Axis or Y-Axis pop-up menu on the Axis pane.
6 To display the minimum data value on the value axis, select Show Value Labels and Show Minimum Value from the Labels, Ticks, & Grids X-Axis or Y-Axis pop-up menu, depending on the chart. 7 To specify units for axis values, under Number Format type text in the Prefix or Suffix field (or choose a symbol from the pop-up menus). 8 To display values on the value axis as logarithmic values, choose Logarithmic from the X-Axis or Y-Axis pop-up menu, depending on the chart.
4 To format the Y-axis, choose an option from the Y-Axis pop-up menu. Here’s what the menu looks like for a column chart: Show or hide value axis labels. Place tick marks along the Y-axis. Show or hide the Y-axis gridlines. Formatting the Elements in a Data Series You can use a variety of visual effects to enhance the appearance of data series elements, such as bars, wedges, and area shapes. To format data series elements: 1 To format all data series, select the chart.
Formatting Titles, Labels, and Legends You can change the size and appearance of chart and axis titles, axis labels, data point labels, and legends. To format the text of labels and legends: 1 Select the text you want to format. To format all chart titles and labels, click the chart to select it. If you select the text for one data point or axis label, all the text of that kind is also selected. You change the font for a chart legend separately. 2 Use the Format menu or the Font panel to format the text.
Selecting Individual Pie Wedges If you want to format one or more wedges, you need to select them first. Here are ways to select pie wedges in a selected pie chart: m To select a single wedge, click it. m To select all the wedges, select any wedge and press Command-A. m To select nonadjacent wedges, hold down the Command key as you select each wedge. m To select a continuous range of wedges, select the first wedge, and then hold down the Shift key as you select the last wedge.
Adding Shadows to Pie Charts and Wedges You can put shadows on individual pie wedges or on the pie as a whole. Putting shadows on individual wedges makes it look as if the wedges are on different layers. When you add a shadow to a pie wedge, it’s a good idea to separate it first. See “Separating Individual Pie Wedges,” earlier in this section, for instructions. To add shadows: 1 Select the chart or individual pie wedges.
Bar and Column Charts You can apply shadows to individual data series or to the entire chart. You can adjust the opacity for the chart as a whole or for individual series (but not individual bars). You can also adjust the spacing between data sets or individual bars. Adjusting Spacing of Bar and Column Charts You can adjust spacing between individual bars or data sets. To adjust spacing: 1 Select the chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Series.
Adjusting the Opacity of Bar and Column Charts You can change the opacity of the chart and individual chart elements, such as the legend. See “Adjusting Opacity” on page 77 for more information. Area Charts and Line Charts In area and line charts, you can use symbols (circles, triangle, squares, and diamonds) to represent data points. The data points in this series are represented by circles. The data points in this series are represented by triangles.
Scatter Charts Scatter charts display data differently than the other kinds of charts. They require at least two columns or rows of data to plot values for a single data series. To show multiple data series, you use additional two-column or two-row pairs. Each pair of values determines the position of one data point. The first data value in the pair is the X-axis of the point. The second data value is the Y-axis of the point.
To define 3D scene settings: 1 Select a 3D chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector, and then click 3D Scene. 3 Modify the chart’s viewing angle, lighting style, and depth as desired using the 3D Scene controls. Viewing angle arrows: Drag an arrow to adjust the angle. Click the vertical arrow and drag up or down to move the chart up or down. Click the horizontal arrow and drag side to side to move the chart left or right.
9 Viewing, Printing, and Exporting Your Slideshow 9 This chapter describes the various ways to share your Keynote presentation. You can play a Keynote presentation on your computer and view it on the computer’s display or projected on a large screen. You can make the slideshow a self-running “movie” for a kiosk. You can share it across platforms by exporting it as a QuickTime movie, PowerPoint presentation, Flash file, or PDF document.
Creating Hyperlinks-Only Presentations Using hyperlinks, you can create controls for navigating through a slideshow. The iWork Tour is an example of a hyperlinks-only presentation. (To open the tour, choose Help > iWork Tour.) To make a hyperlinks-only presentation: 1 Set up your slideshow using hyperlinks to navigate to particular slides. For more information, see “Linking to a Slide” on page 63. 2 In the Document pane of the Document Inspector, choose “Hyperlinks only” from the Presentation pop-up menu.
To make a slideshow self-playing: 1 If the Document Inspector isn’t open, click the Inspector button in the toolbar and then click the Document Inspector button. 2 Click Document. 3 Choose Self-playing from the Presentation pop-up menu. 4 To specify how much time to wait until transitions that start on click begin playing, type a value in the Transitions field (or click the arrows).
Rehearsing and Viewing Presentations Full-screen presentations make the most of the crisp graphics and smooth animations possible with Keynote. You can show full-screen presentations on your computer’s display, on a second display, or projected onto a large screen, and you can play movies and sound during the presentation. Adding Presenter Notes Use the presenter notes field to type or view notes for each slide.
Viewing a Presentation on Your Computer’s Display The simplest way to view a slideshow is by watching it directly on your computer’s display. This format works best for a very small audience. To view a full-screen presentation on a single display: 1 Open the Keynote document and select the slide you want to play first. 2 Do one of the following: If the presentation wasn’t recorded, click Play in the toolbar. To advance to the next slide or object build, click the mouse or press the Right Arrow or Space bar.
5 Choose Keynote > Preferences and then click Slideshow. Choose where slides display during a slideshow with a dual-display setup. 6 Select “Present on primary display” or “Present on secondary display.” The primary display is the one with the menu bar. If you choose “Present on secondary display,” you can customize what the presenter sees on the primary display. See “Customizing the Presenter’s View” on page 170. 7 Click Play in the toolbar.
m Set the screen refresh rate (the number of times per second that images are updated on your screen) in the Displays pane of System Preferences. If you use an LCD display, LCD projector, or DLP projector, try to match the refresh rate of your computer or video card with the optimal refresh rate of the display device. (Usually this is an issue only if you are using a VGA-style connection to an LCD or DLP display. CRT devices do not typically have one optimal refresh rate.
Keynote generally plays back very smooth animations. However, if the two displays have different refresh rates, one of the screens may appear to “stutter” because Keynote synchronizes with the refresh rate of only one display. If you’re using Keynote on an iBook, PowerBook, MacBook, or MacBook Pro with Mac OS X version 10.3.9 or later, Keynote synchronizes with the external display. If you are using a desktop computer and two displays, experiment to determine which display is synchronized with Keynote.
Setting the Screen Refresh Rate If you use video mirroring (show the same presentation on two displays) and see artifacts such as tearing and choppiness during animations, it may help to change the external display’s screen refresh rate. To get the best animation quality, use the external display's preferred screen refresh rate. You can probably find this information in the display's documentation. If not, try different refresh rates to see which results in the best animation quality.
4 If you use the Cube or Flip transition, make sure to select “Reduce Flip transitions to avoid clipping” or “Reduce Cube transitions to avoid clipping.” Otherwise, part of the transition may not be visible. Configuring Video Random Access Memory (VRAM) Make sure your computer has adequate VRAM so that transition animations and complex object builds play correctly. VRAM is a special area of memory on your computer’s video card. Keynote requires a minimum of 8 MB of VRAM to play transitions.
Controlling a Presentation with the Keyboard For slideshows that aren’t self-playing, you can use the keyboard to pause, resume, and stop a presentation, go to specific slides, and more. Here are ways to view keyboard shortcuts: m During a presentation, to see which keys you can use to control the slideshow, press the Help, question mark (?), or forward slash (/) key. m To see a complete list of all Keynote keyboard shortcuts, choose Help > Keyboard Shortcuts.
m To advance to the next slide, press Shift–Down Arrow, Shift–Page Down, or ] (right bracket). m To go back to the previous slide, press Left Arrow, Up Arrow, P, Delete, Page Up, or Shift–Up Arrow. Jumping to a Specific Slide During a presentation that isn’t recorded, you can easily jump to a particular slide. Here are ways to go to a specific slide during a presentation: m If you know the number of the slide you want to jump to, type the number and press Return or Enter.
Showing the Pointer During a Presentation You can set up your slideshow so that the pointer appears only on slides containing hyperlinks or movies, or only when the mouse moves. To specify pointer options: 1 Choose Keynote > Preferences, and then click Slideshow. 2 Select “Show pointer only on slides with hyperlinks or movies” or “Show pointer when the mouse moves.” During a slideshow, you can show or hide the pointer by pressing the C key.
4 Make sure “Copy audio and movies into document” is selected and click Save. When a movie plays during a presentation, movie controls appear when you move the pointer over the movie if “Show playback controls when pointer is over a movie” is selected in the Slideshow pane of Keynote preferences. The controls available depend on the size (dimensions) of the movie; the smaller the movie, the fewer controls visible.
4 To specify Keynote print options, choose Keynote from the Copies & Pages pop-up menu. Choose Keynote from this pop-up menu. Select which layout of slides and handouts you want to print. Select print formatting options. Convert the set of slides to a PDF file. 5 Select a Print option: Individual Slides: Prints one slide per page without presenter notes. Slides With Notes: Prints one slide per page with presenter notes.
Exporting a Slideshow to Other Formats You can share your presentation across different platforms by exporting it to another format, such as QuickTime, PowerPoint, and PDF. You can also send your slideshow directly to iDVD, iPhoto, iTunes, iWeb, and GarageBand. And you can turn your slideshow into a movie you can watch on your iPod. Sharing a Presentation Across Platforms Export your presentation to formats that are compatible on different platforms.
3 If you choose Fixed Timing, specify how long slides appear and how long it takes to complete object builds by typing values in the Slide Duration and Build Duration fields. Slide Duration: How long each fully built slide remains on the screen after the last object build is complete. Build Duration: The number of seconds between the beginning of one build stage and the next in each object build. There is no delay between the moment a slide first appears on the screen and the first stage of an object build.
When you export a self-playing slideshow as a QuickTime movie, note the following: Â If the slideshow includes a soundtrack, the movie won’t end until the audio finishes. If your slideshow is a lot shorter than the audio, you might want to use a shorter audio file. Â If the slideshow contains an Exit Slideshow link, clicking it makes the movie exit fullscreen mode.
Exporting Slides as Image Files You can export all your slides as image files in JPEG, PNG, or TIFF format. To export slides as image files: 1 Choose File > Export and then click Images. 2 Specify whether to create a file for every slide or only a range of slides. 3 To create a separate image for each build stage, select “Create an image for each stage of builds.” 4 Choose an option from the Format pop-up menu. The better the quality, the larger the file size.
4 To have a Home, Previous, and Next link added to each slide (as appropriate), select “Include navigation controls.” 5 Choose an option from the Format pop-up menu to specify the image quality you want. The better the quality, the larger the file size. 6 If you choose JPEG format, use the Quality controls to increase or decrease the compression factor used for the export. 7 Click Next, type a filename, specify a location for the file, and then click Export.
Sending a Presentation to iLife Applications Send a presentation directly to iDVD, iPhoto, iTunes, iWeb, and GarageBand. Creating an iDVD Project You can create an iDVD project or add your slideshow as a movie to an existing iDVD project. To create an iDVD movie of your slideshow: 1 Choose File > Send To > iDVD. 2 Choose an option from the Video Size pop-up menu: Standard: Exports the slides for viewing on a standard video display. Widescreen: Exports the slides for viewing on a widescreen video display.
3 To create a separate image for each build stage, select “Create an image for each stage of builds.” 4 Choose an option from the Format pop-up menu. The better the quality, the larger the file size. 5 If you choose JPEG format, use the Quality controls to specify a percentage between low and high quality. 6 Click Next, type a name for your album, and click Send. If iPhoto was not already open, it opens; your new album appears at the bottom of the list.
7 Click Send. If iWeb wasn't open, it opens, and you can choose the blog or podcast to attach your slideshow to. (If you have only one blog or podcast, the document is attached to it.) Exporting to iTunes and iPod You can turn your slideshow into a movie you can play in iTunes. If you have an iPod, you can use iTunes to transfer the movie to it. To send your slideshow to iTunes or iPod: 1 In Keynote, do one of the following: Â Choose File > Send To > iTunes. Â Choose File > Export and then click iPod.
Fixed Timing: Viewers can’t control when the movie advances; the movie plays using the timing you specify in the next step. 3 If you choose Fixed Timing, type values in the duration fields: Slide Duration: How long each fully built slide remains on the screen after the last object build is complete. Build Duration: The number of seconds between the beginning of one build stage and the next in each object build.
10 Designing Your Own Master Slides and Themes 10 This chapter describes how to change the default attributes of images, objects, and more, and how to create your own master slides and themes. This chapter assumes you are already familiar with the Keynote design and formatting features described in previous chapters. Designing Master Slides and Themes The themes that come with Keynote are sets of master slides with predefined layouts, backgrounds, charts, tables, and text attributes.
Using Master Slide Tools Use the master slide navigator and the Master Slide Inspector to work with master slides. To use the master slide tools: 1 Open the master slide navigator by clicking View in the toolbar and choosing Show Master Slides. 2 In the master slide navigator, select a master slide. See “Selecting Master Slides to Customize” on page 190 for more information on selecting master slides. 3 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Slide Inspector button.
See “Defining Default Transitions” on page 196 for more information. Click to preview the transition. Choose a transition. Set the transition direction. Choose how to initiate the transition. Set how much time it takes to complete the transition. Set how much time to wait until transitions that start automatically begin playing. Previewing Master Slides As you work on a master slide, you can try out your changes on a normal slide to get a better sense of how the new layout will look.
Selecting Master Slides to Customize The easiest way to design a new master slide is to start with an existing master—in the current document or imported from another document—that resembles what you want. Or you can create a master slide from scratch, starting with a blank slide. Duplicating a Master Slide Before you modify a master slide, you might want to duplicate it so that you can continue using the original version in your document.
Creating a Master Slide from Scratch If you can’t find a master slide that closely resembles the master you want, you can create one from scratch. To create a new master slide: m In the master slide navigator, select a blank slide. m If the theme you’re using doesn’t have a blank slide, select a master slide, choose Edit > Select All, and then press Delete.
To define a media placeholder: 1 Select a master slide. 2 Open the Master Slide Inspector, and then click Appearance. 3 Select “Define as Media Placeholder.” 4 (Optional) Type a description in the Tag field. 5 Resize and rearrange the placeholder as desired. 6 (Optional) Add a placeholder image. Defining Object Placeholders You can create a placeholder on a master slide to hold tables and charts.
4 To allow master objects to interleave with objects added to slides based on that master, open the Master Slide Inspector, click Appearance, and select “Allow objects on slide to layer with master.” For more information about layering objects, see “Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects)” on page 70. 5 To fill the slide background with color or an image, use the Background controls in the Appearance pane of the Master Slide Inspector.
Defining Default Attributes of Text Boxes and Shapes You can define the default attributes of new text boxes and shapes. To set default attributes for text boxes and shapes: 1 In the slide navigator, create a new slide. 2 If you’re setting up default attributes for a particular master slide (rather than all masters in the current theme), click Masters in the toolbar and choose the master slide. 3 To define a default text box, click Text Box in the toolbar and then format the placeholder text.
 “Changing the Style of Borders” on page 74 4 Do one of the following:  To make the image the default for only the current master slide, choose Format > Advanced > “Define Image for Current Master.”  To make the image the default for all master slides in the current theme, choose Format > Advanced > “Define Image for All Masters.” 5 If you don’t want the image on the slide, delete the image.
Defining Default Attributes of Charts You can set the default chart type (the type of chart that appears when you click Chart in the toolbar) and also the default look of each chart type. Default attributes must be set individually for each chart type. To set default chart styles and placement: 1 In the slide navigator, create a new slide.
Creating Builds on Master Slides You can add object builds to a master slide so that the build effects appear on every slide based on that master. For example, if you plan to create a number of slides with bulleted text, and you want each slide to build in bullet by bullet, create a master slide with the desired build effects, and then use that master to create the rest of your slides. To create a build on a master slide: 1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides.
Creating a Theme from Scratch If you want to create an entirely new theme that is not based on any existing Keynote theme, the easiest way is to create a new Keynote document and delete all master slides from it except for one blank slide. To delete a master slide, select it in the master slide navigator and choose Edit > Delete or press the Delete key. Here are tips for creating the new theme: m Set up all text and background attributes before creating new master slides.
3D charts defining scene settings 161 modifying the viewing angle 162 A Adjust Image window 93 alignment guides creating new 71 using 71, 72 Alpha tool 92 AppleWorks 27 area and line charts adding shadows 160 formatting symbols 160 setting line color 160 arrows, predrawn adding 82 editing 86 B bar and column charts adding shadows 159 adjusting opacity 160 adjusting spacing 159 bulleted text adding new 57 moving in outline view 19 rearranging and editing 57 C Character Palette 47 characters in other langu
as an iDVD project 183 as an iPhoto album 183 as a PDF file 180 as a PowerPoint slideshow 180 as a QuickTime movie 178 as image files 181 to GarageBand 185 to iTunes 185 to YouTube 182 F Find & Replace dialog 67 Flash 181 Font panel 24 font smoothing 49 Format Bar 22 formatting text adjusting character spacing 53 adjusting line spacing 51 adjusting paragraph spacing 52 changing capitalization 42, 49 changing color 45, 53 changing horizontal text alignment 50 changing paragraph background color 45 changing
changing 36, 191 previewing for master slides 189 light table view 20 lists automatically generating 56 bulleted 57 numbered 57 ordered (outlines) 58 using 56 M masking images 90 master slides adding alignment guides to 193 changing 35 creating background elements on 192 creating builds on 197 creating from scratch 191 defining default chart attributes 196 defining default image attributes 194 defining default table attributes 195 defining default text boxes and shapes 194 defining default transitions for
arithmetic 140, 141 comparison 142 outline view changing fonts 20 using to organize slides 19 P PDF files creating 180 pie charts adding shadows 158 adjusting opacity 158 rotating 158 selecting individual wedges 157 showing a series name in 157 placeholders 88 PNG 181 polygon shape adding 82 editing 87 PowerPoint 27, 180 Preferences 20, 27, 29, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54, 56, 62, 64, 69, 71, 72, 73, 90, 97, 102, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175 presentations controlling with the keyboard 173 created in iWork
adding a shape 82 adding a table 115 adding images 89 adding new 31 adding presenter notes 166 adding slide numbers 33 adding sound and movies 94 adding text 38 changing the layout 36 changing the resolution 168, 171 copying or moving items 34 deleting 32 grouping 31 jumping from one to another 20 organizing 18 reordering 31 skipping 32 using comments 33 slideshows changing the theme 35 controlling 163, 173 creating as hyperlinks-only 164 creating self-playing 164 playing 98, 165 playing movies and sound 17
formatting size and appearance 40 in table cells 121 nonbreaking space 65 presenting in columns 60 selecting 39 setting alignment, spacing, and color 50 setting indents 55 setting tab stops to align 53 using lists 56 text boxes (free) 59 Text Inspector 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 60, 121 themes automatically opening a certain theme 27 choosing 14, 26 creating custom 197 saving a document as 30 TIFF 181 toolbar customizing 21 transitions adding between slides 101 typography changing capitalization 49 changing th
