LiveType 2 User Manual
K Apple Inc. Copyright © 2005 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Final Cut Studio software may reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such software. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paid for support services.
1 Contents Preface 7 7 8 9 10 10 11 An Introduction to LiveType How Does Titling Work? A Realm of Creative Possibilities Workflow for Creating Titles About This Manual LiveType Onscreen User Manual Apple Websites Chapter 1 13 14 20 25 26 28 The LiveType Interface Canvas Inspector Media Browser Timeline LiveType Media Files Chapter 2 31 31 33 34 Setting Up a Project Templates Starting a New Project and Setting Defaults Setting Project Properties Chapter 3 41 41 42 43 45 Adding a Background Setti
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Preface An Introduction to LiveType Welcome to LiveType, a special-effects titling application that’s powerful, easy to use, and completely versatile— whether you’re creating movie titles and credits, broadcast ads, or web banners. Producing dynamic video titles—titles that really pop—can be a painstaking process, fraught with manual adjustments and keyframe stacks daunting even to experienced animators.
A Realm of Creative Possibilities LiveType has revolutionized titling in two major ways. First, it introduced 32-bit LiveFonts, a new approach to text animation in which every character of a font is a separate, animated movie. Second, LiveType handles effects and animation with greater ease than any other titling application. Animated Fonts, Objects, and Textures Three types of animated media are included in LiveType: Â LiveType objects are animated graphics.
Workflow for Creating Titles Video production is typically approached in layers from back to front, starting with shooting and editing the footage, then building in effects, then applying titles and sound. Likewise, your approach to title creation should be loosely approached from back to front. Of course, because the design process is fluid, there is no hard-and-fast prescription, but the following steps give you a sense of what’s involved for a typical project.
About This Manual Because LiveType is a creative tool, documentation can only go so far in describing its potential. This manual provides a detailed description of the LiveType interface, features, and functionality, and introduces you to the built-in resources and templates to give you a sense of the versatility of this product. In the end, you are limited only by your own creative vision, and the way to push the limits of LiveType is to jump in and start creating.
To access Late-Breaking News: m Choose Help > Late-Breaking News. Note: You must be connected to the Internet to download the Late-Breaking News file. Additionally, LiveType Help contains a link to the Creating LiveFonts PDF file. This document details the process of creating custom LiveFonts for use with LiveType. To access the Creating LiveFonts PDF file: m Choose Help > Creating LiveFonts.
FireWire is one of the fastest peripheral standards ever developed, which makes it great for use with multimedia peripherals, such as video camcorders and the latest highspeed hard disk drives. Visit this website for information about FireWire technology and available third-party FireWire products: Â http://www.apple.
1 1 The LiveType Interface The LiveType interface consists of four primary windows—the Canvas, the Inspector, the Media Browser, and the Timeline. Canvas Inspector Media Browser Timeline  Canvas: This is where projects take shape. You use it to position text and objects, create motion paths, and view the results as you design.  Inspector: A toolbox of settings and parameters, including virtually every option for building and customizing your titling creations.
The four windows float freely, and can be moved and resized to suit your working preferences. To restore the default layout of LiveType: m Choose Window > Apply Default Layout. Canvas The Canvas is your creative working environment, reflecting the output dimensions you configure in the Project Properties dialog. (See “Setting Project Properties” on page 34.) Whether you are working in HDTV, NTSC, PAL, or any other format, the Canvas is designed to help you lay out and view your titling project easily.
Backgrounds often cover the entire Canvas. However, when used with the matte feature in the Attributes tab of the Inspector, an element can appear to “punch through” an underlying element to reveal the background color, image, or movie. See “Creating a Matte” on page 72 for more about creating mattes. Tracks The dark blue horizontal line that appears in the default Canvas is a track. Tracks are the foundation of any LiveType composition. Every element of a project resides on a track.
Canvas Zoom Pop-up Menu At the bottom of the Canvas is a pop-up menu for changing the magnification of the Canvas. To change the Canvas zoom, do one of the following: m Open the Canvas zoom pop-up menu at the bottom of the Canvas and choose one of the magnification options. Canvas Zoom pop-up menu m Choose Fit to Window from the Canvas Zoom pop-up menu, then resize the Canvas window to a new magnification. m Choose View > Zoom In or Zoom Out.
To render a RAM preview of your project in the Canvas: 1 Click the Play button (or press the Space bar when the Canvas or Timeline is active). The preview renders each frame, then runs through the preview in real time. 2 Stop the preview by clicking anywhere in the Canvas. The Play icon turns into a Pause icon when the RAM preview is playing. The Loop button is a toggle that gives you the choice of a single run-through or repeating the preview in a continuous loop.
To customize the grid: 1 Choose Edit > Project Properties. 2 In the Ruler and Grid Settings area at the bottom, enter a new value in the Grid Width field. To add a guide to the Canvas: m Click inside one of the rulers to insert a guide marked by its horizontal or vertical pixel position. To add crosshairs to the Canvas: m Click inside one of the rulers and drag the pointer onto the Canvas.
To isolate a single track in the Canvas: m Select the track you want to continue working on, then choose View > Selected Only. Revert to the normal view by choosing View > Selected Only again. Bounding boxes show the size and position of deselected elements. Choose View > Selected Only to view only the contents of the selected track.
Inspector The Inspector is your toolbox for transforming elements—text, objects, or images. There are unlimited combinations of parameters and attributes you can use to make your titles dynamic and original. The Inspector consists of a text-entry box and Live Wireframe Preview at the top of the window, and five tabs of parameters. Inspector settings always apply to the track, character, or effect that is currently selected in the Canvas or Timeline.
Live Wireframe Preview In the upper-right corner of the Inspector, the Live Wireframe Preview continually plays your titling movie, with small bounding boxes indicating the movement of each character or object. This feature gives you a quick indication of how your adjustments have changed the overall animation, without rendering a full preview with every change you make. Small bounding boxes depict the movement of the Canvas elements. Preview playhead Click to turn the preview on or off.
 Style tab: This tab provides options for the Shadow, Glow, Outline, and Extrude treatments, which can be applied to text or objects. These are often used to add depth and highlight the text or object, although a wide variety of graphical outcomes are possible. Style tab settings  Effects tab: This tab lists the effects that have been applied to the active track, and is used to view and change effect parameters at any point in your titling movie.
 Timing tab: Timing parameters for tracks and effects are controlled in this tab. While the Timeline provides a frame-by-frame diagram of tracks and effects with their associated keyframes, the Timing tab is a single pane that allows you to adjust the overall timing and modify the parameters of your animation. Some timing adjustments are made more easily by moving elements in the Timeline, rather than entering values in the Timing tab.
 Attributes: This is where you assign a variety of attributes—opacity, blur, scale, offset, rotation, and color—to elements in the Canvas. Attributes can be applied to entire tracks or individual characters on a track. The Attributes tab also contains options for creating a matte effect, in which an element appears as a cut-out window that reveals the element below it. A simple line of text, for example, can be matted to a movie clip, which essentially “fills” the text.
Media Browser Most of the installed resources available for your titling projects are available through the Media Browser—except for LiveType templates and images and movies you import from other sources. There are various tabs representing different elements installed on your computer: LiveFonts, system fonts, textures, objects, and effects. Using the Media Browser, you can scroll through and view representations of all these elements before you apply them to your project.
Timeline The Timeline depicts the frame-by-frame orchestration of your titling project, and provides many tools for designing the movement and timing of your titles.
Render Selection Markers The In Point and Out Point markers in the frame ruler allow you to determine the portion of your movie you want to render. Using these markers, you can:  Save time rendering previews when you don’t need to see the entire movie  Choose the precise number of frames you want to include in your final output To change the render selection, do one of the following: m Drag the In Point and Out Point markers in the frame ruler.
Enable/Disable Buttons The Enable/Disable buttons turn tracks and effects off or on. When a track is disabled, its contents are removed from the Canvas, although the blue track line remains. Disabled tracks are not rendered in previews or movies. Similarly, effects can be disabled. Timeline Zoom Controls Typically you use the zoom controls to adjust the amount of time represented in the Timeline window. This is helpful to do while working with timing a long or complex composition.
Locating LiveType Media Files When you install LiveType, a folder hierarchy is placed in the following location: Library Application Support/LiveType/. This is where LiveType looks first for media files such as LiveFonts, objects, textures, effects, images, movies and templates. LiveType media files can also be installed on other hard disks including a network server. You can assign any location for media files from the Preferences dialog.
Creating Custom Categories for LiveType Media files You can create custom categories for LiveType Media by simply creating a new folder within the Media folder, such as LiveFont/My folder/My font. LiveType only recognizes one folder level after the original media category. You can move “file pair” media files from previous versions of LiveType to another disk, but they must be in the same folder hierarchy that they were previously located in.
2 Setting Up a Project 2 The most important step as you begin any LiveType project is to configure the project properties. As tempting as it may be to jump right in and start designing, you should define your output parameters and save the project to disk at the outset, to be sure your titles are generated at the size and resolution you need. If you go ahead and generate a titling movie without initially configuring the project, you’re bound to run into trouble.
To open a template: 1 Choose File > Open Template. 2 Browse the categories of templates in the Template Browser. The Template Browser 3 In the Template Browser, choose NTSC, PAL, or HD from the Format pop-up menu. 4 Choose a template, then click OK. Whenever you open a template, make sure to set your project properties immediately. See “Setting Project Properties” on page 34. You can save your own projects as templates, so they’re accessible through the Template Browser.
Starting a New Project and Setting Defaults When you open LiveType, an untitled default project appears in the interface. If you want to start a new project when LiveType is already open, you need to open a new default project. To open a new project: m Choose File > New. A new project with an empty Canvas appears and an “Untitled” project tab is added to the Timeline.
Setting Project Properties Once you’ve opened a new project and saved it to disk, you need to define the output you want to create. All of the essential project settings are accessed through the Project Properties dialog. To open the Project Properties dialog: 1 Choose Edit > Project Properties. 2 Make the desired changes, then click OK. For detailed information, see the next section, “Settings in the Project Properties Dialog.
Settings in the Project Properties Dialog There are various pop-up menus, colors, and settings you can select when specifying the properties for your project. Presets Presets establish the width, height, frame rate, and pixel aspect defined by the selected standard. Â Presets: This pop-up menu lists the most common output formats. After you select a different preset, you’ll notice how the settings change. You can also see how selecting different presets affects the shape and size of the Canvas.
 Field Dominance: When your project is intended for interlaced video output, choose either Upper (Odd) or Lower (Even) for the smoothest animation. After the proper option is chosen, LiveType renders fields with either the upper or the lower field first. Choose None for footage that is non-interlaced. DV footage is typically Lower Field First, while certain video capture cards may need to be rendered with the Upper (Odd) option chosen.
These settings in this area allow you to configure the quality of three different items:  Canvas: A RAM preview in the Canvas  Movie Render: A full movie render  Preview: A standard preview accessed via the File menu How you preview your movie depends on where you are in the design process. You may find yourself changing these settings several times as you design your titles, particularly if it’s a complex composition that takes considerable time to render.
Choosing a Field Order You can run a simple test to determine the proper field order for your system. When you make a movie, the rendering order (upper field first or lower field first) should correspond to the method used by your equipment, or your movie will appear distorted. Note: The field order with which you record to video equipment can be altered by changes in the hardware or software of your production setup.
12 Import the rendered files into Final Cut Pro, then play back both movies on an NTSC monitor. One of the two movies will look distorted; the other movie will play correctly, with sharply defined edges. Whenever you render a LiveType movie for that system, use the settings you used for the undistorted output.
3 Adding a Background 3 Backgrounds in LiveType generally serve one of two purposes: Either they are an integral part of the titling composition, or they are used as an aid to position elements and key the timing of the titling movie. Although anything can be a background, a background is usually a uniform color, animated texture, still image, or movie that fills the Canvas.
To choose a background color: 1 Choose Edit > Project Properties. 2 Click the Color button in the Project Properties dialog. 3 In the Colors window, choose a color, then close the window. Note: Make sure you always close this window after you have selected a color. 4 Drag the opacity slider or enter a value in the field greater than 0 percent. Click OK. The background color appears in the Canvas. Adding a Background Texture LiveType textures make vibrant, animated backgrounds.
About the Background Bar The background color is different from background elements in your project. Background elements are represented in the Timeline and can be manipulated in various ways. A project can have many background elements, or none. The only definitive way to distinguish a background element, be it a LiveType object or texture, a movie, or an image, is that it falls below the background bar in the Timeline.
      PNG QuickTime image file QuickTime movie SGI Targa TIFF To import a background movie: 1 Choose File > Place Background Movie. 2 Locate the movie file you want to place, then click Open. Note: When you import a background movie, the project dimensions and frame rate adjust automatically to conform. It’s a good idea to review your project properties when you import a new background movie. Placed background movie To import a background image: 1 Choose File > Place.
Importing a Background Movie With Timing Markers Final Cut Pro allows you to save movies that include timing markers, which can be useful when setting the precise timing of your titles. When you place a Final Cut Pro movie in LiveType, the markers appear in the frame ruler of the Timeline. Markers cannot be repositioned in the Timeline. Clicking them, however, moves the playhead to the marked frame.
4 4 Working With Tracks To create anything in LiveType, you need to be familiar with tracks. Every element of a titling composition is part of a track, and each track can contain one or more lines of text, an image, a movie, or an animated object or texture. Tracks are “containers” of content, represented by dark blue lines in the Canvas with corresponding bars in the Timeline.
Positioning Tracks in the Canvas When you first open LiveType, the default Canvas contains a single empty track with two endpoints. The shape of a track defines the default baseline on which its contents sit. Tracks can be manipulated at any time, whether or not they contain an element. If you’re creating a track along which to slide text, or if you want your text to conform to a specific shape, you might want to shape and position the track before you add text to it.
Creating Angles and Curves Tracks can take any linear path. You can even link the endpoints of a track so that an element can flow around it in a continuous loop. To add an angle to a track, you must add a control point to it. A track can have any number of control points. To create an angle on a track: 1 Hold down the Control key and click the track anywhere between the endpoints, then choose Add Control Point from the shortcut menu.
To create a curved track: 1 Follow steps 1–2 above to create an angle on a track. 2 Hold down the Control key and click the control point, then choose Curve In from the shortcut menu. 3 Drag the Bezier handle to adjust the curve. A Bezier handle appears as a small point on the track near the control point. 4 Hold down the Control key and click the same control point, then choose Curve Out from the shortcut menu. Another Bezier handle appears, and the curve is smooth at the control point.
Note: You can apply a curve to an endpoint as well, but clicking an endpoint brings up only the Curve In or Curve Out option—not both—since the track extends in only one direction away from the endpoint. Linking Endpoints The Slide parameter, used in several preset effects, allows text to move along a track. If the endpoints are linked, the text can move around the track on a continuous path. See Chapter 7, “Working With Effects and Keyframe Animation,” on page 87 for more about effects and motion paths.
Adding, Copying, and Deleting Tracks There are numerous ways to add a track to the Canvas. To add a new, empty track, do one of the following: m Choose Track > New Text Track (or press Command-T). m Choose a font in the Media Browser, then select Apply To New Track. Sometimes it’s useful to create a duplicate track, with the identical position, shape, contents, timing, and effects as a track you’ve already built. To duplicate a track: 1 Select the track you want to duplicate.
Working With Tracks in the Timeline As you add tracks to the Canvas, they appear as numbered bars in the Timeline. As you apply effects to each track, they appear as unnumbered bars below the track. Track 1 Track 2 Track 1 Track 2 Adjusting the Timing of a Track When you add a track to the Canvas, by default it begins at the frame indicated by the playhead. The duration of a track varies, depending on its contents.
To adjust the duration of a track, do one of the following: m Drag either edge of the track bar to the right or left. Note: Changing the duration of tracks that contain movies or LiveType media changes the speed at which the movie plays. If you shorten the duration of a LiveFont track, for instance, it plays faster. m Select the track and do one of the following: Â For static content, adjust the Duration parameter in the Timing tab of the Inspector.
Layers and Track Order Elements in the Canvas invariably overlap, which is why it’s important to manage track layers. When you create a new track, it is always the top layer. Any content you add to that track is in front of all other elements in the Canvas. Note: In the Timeline, tracks are displayed in front-to-back order, with Track 1 in front. To change a track’s front-to-back position, do one of the following: m Click inside the track bar in the Timeline and drag it up or down, to a new position.
Grouping Tracks It is often useful to group two or more tracks together, to maintain their relative position in the Canvas. Grouped tracks can be moved in the Canvas, but they stay together as a group. When tracks are stacked on top of each other, grouping is the only way to move the stack as a unit. For example, you might want to create a two-layer effect where a word fades out to nothing, revealing the same word underneath with an animated texture applied to it.
5 Working With Text 5 Titles can incorporate all kinds of visual elements, but their traditional function is to display text. This chapter describes how to insert and format text, including manipulating individual characters on the same track. Adding movement to text—that is, beyond the inherent animation of LiveFonts—is covered in Chapter 7, “Working With Effects and Keyframe Animation,” on page 87. Inserting Text Like any Canvas element, text must reside on a track.
UP01103TXT Page 58 Tuesday, March 8, 2005 1:55 PM The steps below describe the first approach. To add text to the Canvas: 1 Create a new track by choosing Track > New Text Track (or press Command-T). Note: A corresponding track in the Timeline appears. 2 Choose a font: a Click either the LiveFonts or Fonts tab in the Media Browser. LiveType comes with a variety of LiveFonts. Click the Category pop-up menu to access different sets of LiveFonts, including third-party and custom LiveFonts that you can create.
To change the font of an existing text track: 1 Select the text track. 2 Choose a font from the LiveFonts or Fonts tab of the Media Browser. 3 Do one of the following: Â Click the Apply button. Â Double-click the font name. Note: The Apply option does not cross genres of track content. That is, you cannot apply a texture or object to a track that already has text on it. Likewise, you cannot apply a font to a track that contains a texture, object, image, or movie.
To apply a second system font to text on a track: 1 Create a text track with one or two words on it, in a system font. 2 Select one or more characters on the track by highlighting them in the text-entry box or selecting them in the Canvas. 3 In the Fonts tab of the Media Browser, choose a system font different from the one you’ve already used. 4 Click the Apply button at the bottom of the Fonts tab.
Because they are movies, LiveFonts are subject to several timing parameters, available in the Timing tab of the Inspector. Settings in the Timing tab Settings for LiveFonts in the Timing Tab  Random and Sequence: Let you apply the LiveFont movie to each character on the track in a different order, with a variable delay between each letter.  Speed: Allows you to play the LiveFont movie more quickly or slowly.
Formatting Text After you’ve selected the font, you have countless formatting options, available through the Inspector, to change the appearance of the text. As you adjust formatting parameters, the contents of the active track change dynamically in the Canvas, making it easy to see what you’re doing. These options can apply to the entire track or to one or more individual characters on a track. To format any element in the Canvas, you must first select its track.
 Alignment: With the alignment options, text can be set to run horizontally as well as vertically on a track. The Left, Center, and Right Alignment buttons apply to both text orientations. The position of the track itself is not affected by alignment settings. The alignment options are also important to position text appropriately when the track is used with an effect that uses the Slide parameter.
Color Color options are in the Glyph pane of the Inspector’s Attributes tab. The lower portion of the tab contains the color controls. Color settings in the Glyph pane of the Attributes tab  Color: The Color parameter replaces existing pixels of color in the selected element with the color indicated in the Color box, while keeping the luminosity values intact.
To change the color of a system font: 1 Select a track that contains a black system font. 2 In the Attributes tab, in the Glyph pane, click inside the Color box and choose a color from the Colors window (preferably a bright, primary color). 3 Set Color to 100 percent. The contents of the track change to this color. LiveFonts are typically built using primary colors, which means that the Hue, Saturation, and Lightness sliders can be used effectively, in addition to the Color parameter.
 Blur: The blur attribute is similar to opacity, but it fades and expands the outer edges as if the text is out of focus. Blur can be applied equally to the X and Y axes or unequally, for different outcomes. A blur setting of 0 is off, with no blurring effect. The maximum blur setting is 25.  Scale: Scale stretches or squeezes text on the X and Y axes, with 100 being the same size as the original text.
For example, you can set an early keyframe at 45 degrees and set a later keyframe at four revolutions plus 180 degrees. When you play the movie, the element spins clockwise four times plus an additional 135 degrees between those two keyframes. Positive values reflect clockwise motion, and negative values reflect counterclockwise motion. Working with keyframes is defined fully in Chapter 7, “Working With Effects and Keyframe Animation.
Enhancing Text With Styles The Style tab in the Inspector offers four options for enhancing your text. Styles allow you to add depth and emphasis to text—as well as to objects—mostly by altering the space around each character. The Shadow, Glow, Outline, and Extrude buttons in the Style tab each reveal the settings applicable to that treatment.
 Opacity: Opacity sets the intensity of the shadow or glow. An opacity setting of 0 makes the shadow or glow completely transparent, that is, invisible, and completely opaque at 100, with no background showing through. If blur is turned off (set to 0), a 50 percent opaque shadow has sharp edges that match the original element, but whatever lies behind the shadow shows through it.
Outline This style adds an outline to the contents of any track. See the preceding section for a definition of the opacity, blur, color, and warp parameters. Click the Outline button at the top of the tab to adjust the outline settings. Outline parameters in the Style tab of the Inspector  Weight: The weight value, which defines the thickness of the outline, is set in pixels.
 Outline Extrusion: When the text has been extruded (see below), selecting this checkbox extends the outline around the extrusion. Text example using the Show Outline Only and Outline Extrusion options in the Style tab Text example using X and Y scaling options in the Attributes tab, with an outline Text example using the invisible character option with the Shadow and Glow styles in the Style tab Solid background color Extrude Extrude settings consist of direction, length, and color.
Creating a Matte The matte feature in LiveType allows you to reveal a background element in the area defined by a foreground element, seemingly cutting a hole through any layers in between. When you create a matte, every pixel of the foreground element is replaced by a corresponding pixel in the background element. In other words, a matte acts as a window into another layer. In LiveType, you have three options for creating mattes, available in the Matte pane of the Attributes tab in the Inspector.
6 Choose Background from the “Matte to” pop-up menu. The background image appears to fill the foreground element. To create a window into a transparent background: 1 Create a texture or any combination of elements that covers the Canvas. For information about placing textures and other elements in the Canvas, see Chapter 3, “Adding a Background,” on page 41 and Chapter 6, “Working With Objects, Textures, and Imported Elements,” on page 79.
The transparent Canvas (or background color if defined in the Project Properties dialog) appears to fill the foreground element. Transparent Canvas background Texture scaled down on the y axis Text track matted to the transparent background The other two matte options, Matte to Movie or Image and Matte to Texture, differ because the background doesn’t appear as a discrete project element that’s reflected in the Timeline. And, there’s no need for a layer that the matte has to “punch through.
To fill the track contents with an image or movie: 1 Select a track that contains the text or object you want to fill with an image or movie. 2 Click the Attributes tab of the Inspector. 3 In the Matte pane, choose Movie or Image from the “Matte to” pop-up menu. 4 Locate the file in the Choose Movie or Image dialog, then click Open. The track contents fill with the background movie or image.
To fill the track contents with a texture: 1 Select a track that contains the text or object you want to fill with a texture. 2 Choose a texture from the Media Browser, then click the Apply to Matte button. The default texture fills the contents of the active track. Note: A variety of mattes is available for use in the Objects tab of the Media Browser from the Category pop-up menu. The blue areas of a LiveType matte define the area where the texture will play back.
Modifying Individual Characters You can also assign attributes to individual characters on a track. All of the attributes discussed in this chapter can apply to only one, or more than one, character on the same track. This is a powerful option in LiveType, particularly because it allows you to reposition individual characters, or glyphs, without breaking their relationship to the track.
5 Drag the upper-right handle to change the letter’s size. Note: You can restore a letter to its original size and placement by choosing Layout > Reset Position. 6 Change the letter’s attributes in the Attributes tab or the Style tab of the Inspector. 7 Click in the Canvas away from the track. The bounding box around the character disappears, but the track is still selected. 8 Reposition the track in the Canvas and modify its attributes.
6 Working With Objects, Textures, and Imported Elements 6 Titling compositions often center around words, but all kinds of additional elements are used to frame, enhance, and accompany them. For the purpose of this manual, these elements fall into three categories:  Objects included with LiveType  Textures included with LiveType  Static images and movies originating from other sources All of these elements are modified and moved around in the Canvas in the same way.
Working With LiveType Objects Objects in LiveType are graphical elements with an alpha channel, designed to frame or emphasize text. Most of them are animated and, much like LiveFonts, can be sized, rotated, colored, and stretched. You can add a shadow, glow, or an extrusion. And you can apply effects to them. Objects placed in the Canvas are represented as tracks in the Timeline, like any other titling element. To add a LiveType object to the Canvas: 1 Click the Objects tab in the Media Browser.
Working With LiveType Textures Textures in LiveType are colorful animated patterns that can be used as full-screen or partial backgrounds, or as animated fills when used with the matte function, described in Chapter 5, “Working With Text,” on page 57. Textures are versatile, and can be transformed in the same ways an object is transformed, particularly if the texture is reduced in size to take up only a portion of the Canvas. To add a texture to the Canvas: 1 Click the Textures tab in the Media Browser.
Importing Graphics, Images, and Movies Graphical elements in a wide range of formats can be incorporated into a LiveType project. Scanned images, photos, and illustrations, as well as movies and animations, can be used as part of your titling composition. And, like objects and textures, they can be modified and placed in numerous ways. LiveType can import elements in a variety of formats.
Transforming Objects, Textures, and Imported Elements Imported elements can be positioned, changed, and animated as easily as text. A photo can be made to bounce around the Canvas, fade in and out, grow and shrink, or take on a purple hue, for example. Sizing and Positioning Objects, Textures, and Imported Elements When you first place a movie or texture in the Canvas, its position is locked by default.
Creating Strings or Stacks of Elements In a way, LiveType looks at textures, objects, and imported elements as special kinds of glyphs, or text characters. More to the point, individual elements are treated like fonts whose character set consists of only one glyph. This allows you to do an unusual thing in LiveType: You can create strings, or multiple copies, of these elements on what, for all intents and purposes, amounts to a text track.
4 With the blinking cursor in the text-entry box, press the Space bar or type any key. A second bullet appears in the text-entry box, and now two identical objects are on a linear track in the Canvas. Add as many objects as you like. 5 Adjust the tracking and alignment in the Text tab of the Inspector, and any other attributes that you might apply to a string of letters, including formatting individual elements on the track separately.
7 Working With Effects and Keyframe Animation 7 Effects are what make your Canvas elements move and transform. They are “packages” of animation, encapsulating the parameters that govern motion and timing, as well as an element’s attributes in any given frame. The key ideas about effects are as follows: Â All motion and transformations built into your titling movie are controlled by effects, whether you create your own or take advantage of the preconfigured effects in LiveType.
Preset Effects Following is a table listing all of the 41 available preset effects found in LiveType. These effects are located in the Effects tab of the Media Browser.
3 Choose an effect in the Name column of the Effects tab. The Browser preview depicts how the effect works, the Duration column shows the default effect length, and the Description field contains notes about how best to apply the effect. The Effects tab of the Media Browser 4 Do one of the following: Â Select the effect name and click Apply. Â Double-click the effect. Â Drag the effect into the Effects tab of the Inspector.
To disable an effect for one or more glyphs on a track: 1 Select the track. 2 Select the character(s) that you don’t want the effect to apply to, either by highlighting them in the text-entry box or selecting them in the Canvas. Because you cannot select noncontiguous characters at the same time, you may have to do these steps more than once. 3 In the Effects tab of the Inspector, deselect the checkbox next to the effect you want to turn off for the selected characters.
To adjust an effect’s timing parameters: 1 In the Timeline, select an effect that has been applied to a track. 2 Click the Timing tab in the Inspector. The current timing parameters for the selected effect are reflected. The Timing tab of the Inspector The Timing tab contains the following timing options: Â Random: A randomized effect treats each character on a track separately, as opposed to applying the effect parameters to the entire track at once.
 Loop: The loop setting determines how many times the effect will repeat. A loop value of two doubles the duration of the effect. The To End checkbox makes the effect loop continuously for the duration of the track.  Duration: This setting governs the duration of a track containing system font text or any other static element. The duration of effects, as well as tracks containing dynamic elements such as a movie clip or LiveFont, is adjusted with the Speed slider.
Changing the Order of Effects In a track with more than one effect, you can change the order (precedence) of an effect by dragging it vertically. If the effect has timing information, its position in the new track may be adjusted. To change the order an effect: m Drag the effect up or down within the track. The order of the effects has now been changed. Duplicating Effects and Tracks You can easily duplicate effects and tracks, including duplicating an effect from one track to another.
Keyframes and Sequencing Markers Computer animation is based on the concept of keyframes. Animators define a graphical element’s parameters—position, color, size, shape, and so on—at periodic intervals, and the software interpolates the parameters for each frame in between. Keyframes are represented in the Timeline as diamond-shaped markers in effects. When you select a keyframe, the playhead moves to that frame, and the Canvas reveals the state of the project elements at that point in time.
Adjusting Keyframe Parameters To change what an effect does, you have to alter its keyframes. While you can change an effect’s parameters through the Effects tab by entering numeric values, it is usually easier to make changes in a more visual way, using the full LiveType interface. To adjust a keyframe by changing parameters in the Inspector: 1 Select a keyframe in the Timeline. The playhead moves over the keyframe and the Canvas reflects the appearance of the composition at that frame.
To adjust a keyframe by changing parameters in the Canvas: 1 Select a keyframe in the Timeline. 2 Click a letter or the object to reveal its bounding box. 3 Manipulate the selected glyph to change its position, rotation, or scale. When you drag the glyph, the entire word moves with it, and a motion path with small incremental dots appears. Each dot on the motion path represents the pivot point of the selected letter at every frame of the movie.
Active Parameters The Active Parameters area of the Effects tab of the Inspector is a valuable resource for identifying which parameters are active in an effect, and what their values are at any point in time, as defined by the playhead position. Active parameters are displayed with the values associated with the current frame. Parameter variables are further described in Appendix B, “Creating and Editing EffectScripts,” on page 135. To change a parameter value in the Effects tab: 1 Select a keyframe.
Example: Modifying an Effect The following example shows how easy it is to change an effect and create a dramatically different look. In this case, you want to add motion to the Fade In effect. 1 Set up a new project as follows: a Choose File > New. b Type “Adventure” into one of the text-entry boxes in the Inspector to add the word to the track. c Apply any system font to the track, for simplicity. For this example, start with a simple text track in a system font.
UP01103EFF Page 99 Tuesday, March 8, 2005 1:56 PM 4 In the text-entry box of the Inspector, highlight the “A” of Adventure. Even though the text is invisible in the Canvas, a bounding box appears, allowing you to adjust the glyph. Notice also that the first keyframe of the effect is now at the first frame, with the sequencing markers behind, representing the other letters in the word. Make sure the playhead is on the first frame.
The stack (in the Effects tab of the Inspector) has been changed automatically. The Scale, Rotate, and Offset parameters now apply to this effect, in addition to the original Opacity parameter. 6 Click the Play button in the Canvas or press the Space bar to play a RAM preview. Moving, Deleting, Adding, and Copying Keyframes The more you experiment with effects, the more you’ll want to create and change them to suit your own tastes.
To add a keyframe to an effect: 1 Select the effect you want to add a keyframe to. 2 Drag the playhead to the frame where you want to insert a keyframe, or click that frame’s position in the frame ruler. 3 Do one of the following: Â With the playhead in position and the effect selected, choose Track > Add Keyframe (or press Command-K).
To copy and paste effects or tracks between projects: 1 Open the project you want to copy from. 2 In the Timeline, do one of the following: Â Select the effect or track, then choose Edit > Copy (or press Command-C). Â Control-click the effect or track, then choose Copy Track or Copy Effect from the shortcut menu. 3 Open the second project, click in the Timeline, then do one of the following: Â Choose Edit > Paste (or press Command-V). Â Control-click a track, then choose Paste from the shortcut menu.
Creating a New Effect From Scratch Sometimes the most efficient way to create the effect you want is to start from scratch, as opposed to changing an existing one. The workflow goes like this: 1 Decide, roughly, what you want to animate and how you want it to move and transform. 2 Create a track that contains the element you want to animate, preferably in its firstframe state. 3 Configure the timing of the track—its starting frame and duration. 4 Add a new, blank effect to the track.
Example: Creating a New Effect The following example demonstrates how to build a new effect. In this case, part of the text on a single track will bounce around the Canvas. This example highlights how motion paths are built into an effect. 1 Start a new default project, and add a few words of text to the empty track in any font. One of these words is going to move around the screen, independent of the other word(s) on the track. 2 Position the track in the Canvas as you like.
7 The next step is to position the word at the point of its first “bounce.” You’re adding x and y offset parameters to the effect. a With the keyframe selected, select one of the letters you want to move. A bounding box appears around it. b Drag the letter to a new position in the Canvas. The entire word, or all the letters that the effect applies to in this case, moves with the selected letter. Notice that the motion path appears.
d Bezier handles extend away from the point, allowing you to adjust the curve. Hold down the Option key and drag a keyframe point to pull out Bezier handles, creating a curved motion path. 10 Click Play in the Canvas, or press the Space bar, to see the results. Creating Effects for Individual Glyphs A unique and powerful feature of LiveType lies in the ability to instantly assign an effect to individual or selected groups of glyphs, or characters, on a track.
Finding Effects and Media Using the Timeline You can quickly find effects, movies, and images from the Timeline using a shortcut menu. To find effects and media using the Timeline: m In the Timeline, Control-click a track, then do one of the following: Â To find effects, choose Reveal in Media Browser from the shortcut menu. Â To find movies or images, choose Reveal in Finder from the shortcut menu.
8 Previewing and Fully Rendering Your Titling Movie 8 As your project progresses, you’ll want to view the results of your changes every step of the way, until you’re ready to generate the final output. LiveType offers several modes and choices for managing the time it takes to render previews. Previewing Your Work Viewing a frame of your titling movie is as simple as moving the playhead in the Timeline to any frame marker and looking at the Canvas elements.
RAM Preview in the Canvas The transport controls at the bottom of the Canvas allow you to play a preview of your titling movie right in your working environment. A RAM preview displays all elements that are visible and enabled in the Canvas, as well as the Canvas guides, rulers, and so on. Thus, it differs from a preview movie, which reflects the final movie output more closely. To play a RAM preview, do one of the following: m Click the Play button in the transport controls at the bottom of the Canvas.
Preview Movie A preview movie is basically a limited render of your titling movie. To render a preview movie: 1 Choose File > Render Preview, then choose Wireframe or Normal. The Normal setting renders your preview at the level defined in the Project Properties dialog. LiveType looks for the .afd files in your /Library/Application Support/LiveType/ LiveType Data folder if you have used any LiveType media in your composition.
Optimizing Preview Performance LiveType works with bitmapped elements that consist of pixels of information, as opposed to vector-based data. While this format is what makes possible the wide range of effects offered in LiveType, file sizes are inevitably large, and the time it takes to render a preview can become lengthy.
Strategies for Improving Render Times In addition to the quality settings, LiveType offers numerous strategies to avoid excessive waiting for frames and previews to render: Â The Render Selection markers in the frames ruler of the Timeline limit the number of frames that are rendered in preview movies and in the final output. Â The Selected Only option in the View menu reveals only the contents of the active track in the Canvas, in preview movies, and in final movie output.
Making Changes to a LiveType Movie from Final Cut Pro If you have imported a LiveType movie into Final Cut Pro and need to make a change, you can make the change in LiveType and have it update in Final Cut Pro. To make changes to a LiveType movie already imported into Final Cut Pro: 1 Select the LiveType clip in the Final Cut Pro Timeline. 2 Control-click the clip, then choose > Open in Editor from the shortcut menu. LiveType opens with the movie ready for adjustment.
Once LiveType has finished rendering your project, it appears in a new window. Your rendered movie appears in a separate viewer. (In this example, the background movie was rendered with the titles.) LiveType Export Formats LiveType natively generates QuickTime movies with the Animation 32-bit codec for proper keying to your video. If your NLE or compositing program imports QuickTime 4 or later movies, you should be able to import these movies directly.
To export a rendered LiveType movie to a new format: 1 Open your movie output so it appears in the viewer window. If you just rendered your project, the QuickTime movie will be open already. If you previously rendered and saved the movie, open it using File > Open. 2 Choose File > Export Movie. The dialog prompts you for a new name and file location, and offers a variety of file formats to export to. 3 In the Export pop-up menu, choose the category of output you want to create.
9 Advanced Design Techniques 9 The key to designing great titles is to combine the capabilities and media in LiveType in creative ways. A few “recipes” for interesting looks are included in this chapter. The following examples assume a general familiarity with the basic functions of LiveType. Because each step is not explained in great detail, you may need to refer to earlier chapters to perform some of the tasks.
b Make sure the texture is underneath the text, but above the background bar in the Timeline. Texture to obscure the background elements Foreground text to define the shape of the “window” into the background 3 Create a dynamic background that’s visible through the window created by the foreground word. a Add a new text track to the Canvas, then enter some text that’s smaller than the foreground word you created in step 1.
4 Select the foreground text and choose Background from the “Matte to” pop-up menu in the Matte pane of the Attributes tab of the Inspector. Matted text reveals a moving word in the background. Warping Shadows and Glows The Warp feature in the Style tab of the Inspector can be used to create a surprising variety of shapes to enhance your titles. This section describes how the Needle Drop effect takes advantage of the Warp parameter, in combination with several other parameters, to create a unique look.
4 Apply the Needle Drop effect to the track, which is in the Glows category in the Effects tab of the Media Browser. The Needle Drop effect applied to text on a black Canvas background 5 Set the track and effect durations to 1 second, set the Render Selection Out Point at 1 second, then click the Play button to render a RAM preview. 6 With the playhead over the effect in the Timeline, click the Effects tab of the Inspector to view the active parameters.
One track, one effect, three keyframes—it’s actually fairly easy to re-create this effect. And even with the numerous parameters involved, the LiveType Timeline is remarkably clean, since one keyframe encapsulates all the parameters at a point in time. For another example showing an effective use of Warp parameters, take a look at the Screech effect, in the Caricature category of the Effects tab in the Media Browser.
5 Add a new effect to the track. 6 Select the ending keyframe of the effect. 7 In the Effects tab of the Inspector, add the Slide parameter to the Active Parameters stack. Double-click the Slide parameter and set the value to 100, which is a percentage of the track’s length. When you assign the Slide value to the ending keyframe, the beginning keyframe defaults to a Slide value of 0. 8 While you’re still on the ending keyframe, set the Size parameter to 0.
10 Adjust the ending keyframe Slide value as needed for the right look, which can vary depending on the length of the track and the text sliding on it. The text appears to spiral down into a vortex. Creative Use of Special Characters Symbols and other kinds of special characters can be very useful and convenient as titling elements. Because these characters are vector-based shapes, they have very small file sizes, and no upper limit to their size in the Canvas. Plus, they’re easy to access.
 To enable the Character Palette, open System Preferences, click International, click the Input Menu button, and select Character Palette. Enable the Character Palette in your System Preferences.  Alternatively, in LiveType, you can Control-click inside one of the text-entry boxes in the Inspector, then choose Font > Show Fonts from the shortcut menu. The Font dialog appears. Choose Characters from the Extras pop-up menu located on the bottom-left corner of the Font dialog.
4 Adjust the Size, Tracking, and Leading parameters in the Text tab of the Inspector to create a panel of evenly spaced squares. 5 In the Style tab, disable the shadow, and add a white outline thick enough for the outlines of each square to touch each other, obscuring the Canvas background. 6 Add a new effect, and set the duration of both the track and the effect to 1 second in the Timeline. 7 Select the beginning keyframe of the effect, and choose a glyph color in the Attributes tab of the Inspector.
9 In the Timing tab, set the Random setting to 15. 10 Add text or another element behind the panel of squares, so it is gradually revealed as the squares fade away. LiveFonts and Layers Several LiveFonts that come with LiveType are designed to work in tandem with other fonts. One of these is the Nitro font, which can make text look like it explodes. These steps explain how to use such fonts effectively. Note: You need to install the Nitro data file to follow this example.
7 Apply the Fade Out effect to Track 2, since you want the letters to disappear once they’ve exploded. The trick is that you want the letters to fade out just as they explode, and because they are exploding in sequence, you need to align the timing of the sequencing markers for the two tracks. Align the sequencing markers of the Nitro LiveFont and the Fade Out effect.
Creating Scrolls and Crawls Scroll and crawl effects are used to create credit rolls, or to slide strings of text across the screen like a stock ticker. These two kinds of effects use the Canvas Offset parameter to create a vertical or horizontal motion path long enough to move text onto the Canvas and fully off the opposite side. The offset value, which defines the length of the motion path, is based on the length of the element that’s scrolling or crawling.
To create crawling text: 1 Enter text—typically several words or a sentence on one line—onto a new track. 2 Format the text, paying particular attention to any parameter affecting the total horizontal length of the text—font, size, tracking, and so on. 3 Apply a crawl effect from the Scrolls and Crawls category in the Effects tab of the Media Browser.
Solutions to Common Problems and Customer Support A Appendix A If you run into problems while working with LiveType, there are several resources you can use to find a solution. Â This appendix: This appendix includes information about some of the most frequent issues users encounter. Â Late-Breaking News: A late-breaking news page in the LiveType Help menu provides last-minute information that didn’t make it into the manual. Be sure to consult this help page as soon as you install LiveType.
LiveType doesn’t open anymore. Â It is possible to save a set of default settings that prevents LiveType from opening. Try erasing your default settings file: /Library/Preferences/LiveType Pro Defaults.dat. Your configuration reverts to the original LiveType settings. This is essentially the same as choosing LiveType > Settings > Clear Settings within the application. The motion is not smooth on my NTSC monitor. Â Use the fielding option for the smoothest motion.
UP01103SOL Page 133 Tuesday, March 8, 2005 1:57 PM When I change certain attributes of a track, they don’t seem to have any effect. Â Because effect parameters override track parameters, you may be trying to adjust a parameter that is being overridden. Disable the effects associated with that track to see whether the attributes become active again. If so, the solution is to change the effect parameters. I can’t select an element or character.
Calling AppleCare Support Included in your LiveType package is documentation about the support options available from Apple. Several levels of support are available, depending on your needs. Note: There are certain support situations in which AppleCare may require information about both your computer and how this particular application is configured. Choosing Help > Create Support Profile creates a file that contains the necessary information and can be emailed to AppleCare.
Creating and Editing EffectScripts B Appendix B Effects in LiveType are based on the EffectScript language. Effects consist of a plain text file and a representative QuickTime movie, which appears in the Media Browser in the LiveType interface. Each line of an EffectScript consists of a command followed by a set of command arguments. Tabs and spaces are skipped. In any command, two hyphens (--) can be followed by a comment. Comments are ignored by the EffectScript interpreter.
DefSequence a b c  a is 0 for Off or 1 for On.  b is a numeric % value, may be floating point.  c is L for left first, or R for right first. DefRandStart a b c  a is 0 for Off or 1 for On.  b is a numeric value, may be floating point.  c is %, Seconds, or Frames. DefLoop a  a is a numeric value, must be an integer (use a large number like 9999 to loop forever). DefSpeed a  a is a numeric % value, may be floating point. Keyframes After the header, an EffectScript defines a number of keyframes.
Blur x [y]  x is the blur radius in pixels. If y is given, then the horizontal and vertical blur amounts are distinct. CanvasOffset x y  x and y are the horizontal and vertical offsets, in percentage of the Canvas dimensions. This is the parameter used for scrolls and crawls. Color r g b [n]  r, g, and b are color values, in [0..255].  n is optional, and is an opacity percentage. DoExtrude x  x is 0 for no extrusion, 1 for extrude. DoGlow n  n is 0 for No or 1 for Yes.
GlowScale x y  x and y are the glow scale percentages. GlowWarp x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4  x, y pairs are the four Warp points. HideChar n  n is 0 for Show the glyph in addition to lighting effects (Outline, Shadow, Glow, Extrude), or 1 to Hide it. HSL h s l  h is the hue angle adjustment in degrees; 0 means no change.  s is the saturation adjustment in percent; 0 means no change.  l is the lightness adjustment in percent; 0 means no change.
SetOutlineWarp x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4  x, y pairs are the four Warp points. ShadBlur n  n is the shadow blur radius in pixels. ShadColor r g b  r, g, and b are the shadow color, in [0..255]. ShadLayer n  n is 0 for behind all, 1 for behind track, 2 for in front, 3 for in front matted to glyph. ShadOffset x y  x and y are the shadow offsets in pixels. ShadOpacity n  n is the shadow opacity percentage. ShadScale x y  x and y are the shadow scale percentages.
Sample EffectScripts You can view an EffectScript simply by opening one of the effect files stored in the /Library/Application Support/LiveType/Effects folder of your hard drive. Some simple EffectScripts follow: Zoom In EffectScript 1.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------- "Zoom In" example Name "Zoom In" Desc "Zoom In each glyph linearly from zero to normal from its anchor point. Simultaneously increase the kerning from zero to normal.
Tinted Rotate EffectScript 1.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------- "Tinted Rotate" example Name "Tinted Rotate" Desc "Rotate each glyph around its anchor point at 1 rev/sec. For fun, simultaneously mess around with the color" DefOffset 0 % Start DefSequence 0 0 L DefRandStart 1 100 % -- note large loopCount so that it will loop through the whole duration.
Glossary Glossary 16:9 A widescreen aspect ratio for video. The ratio of the width to the height of the visible area of the video frame, also called the picture aspect ratio, is 16:9, or 1.78. alpha channel An additional image channel used to store transparency information for compositing. Alpha channels are often 8-bit, but some applications support 16-bit alpha channels. Only certain formats, such as PICT and the QuickTime Animation codec, support alpha channels.
compositing The process of combining two or more video or electronic images into a single frame. This term can also describe the process of creating various video effects. compression The process by which video, graphics, and audio files are reduced in size by the removal of redundant or less important data. See also codec. decompression The process of creating a viewable image for playback from a compressed video, graphics, or audio file.
importing The process of bringing files of various types into a project in LiveType. Imported files have usually been created or captured in another application. Inspector One of the four main windows in the LiveType interface, which is used to insert text and apply attributes, styles, and effect parameters to titling elements. keyframe A special-purpose marker that denotes a value change of one or more parameters in an applied effect.
postproduction The process of editing film or video after acquiring the footage. QuickTime The Apple cross-platform multimedia technology. Widely used for CD-ROM, web video, editing, and more. RAID Acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. A method of providing nonlinear editors with many gigabytes of high-performance data storage by teaming together a group of slower, smaller, cheaper hard disks. RAM Acronym for random-access memory.
track In LiveType, a track is what contains an element and its attributes. In the Canvas, a track appears as a dark blue line, usually at the base of the text, object, or image it contains. A track can be shaped to form a motion path for the track’s contents to move along. In the Timeline, a track is represented by a numbered bar, often with applied effects underlying it. widescreen Widescreen format is a way of shooting and projecting a movie in theaters.
16:9 aspect ratio 143 A action safe guidelines 15 active parameters 97 Active Parameters window 94 .afd extension 111 .
Character Palette 123 characters assigning effects to 106 character sets 60 elements as 84 locked 133 modifying individual characters 77–78 motion paths 96 problems selecting 133 removing effects from 90 spacing 63 special character effects 123–126 squashed 132 style settings 68 character sets 60 Cinepak codec 115 clips, importing 43 CMYK color space 143 codecs described 143 exporting movies and 114 QuickTime 115, 143 color attributes 24 background 37, 41, 43 Canvas 37 CMYK 143 extrude settings 71 glow or s
in Timeline 27 timing settings 23, 90–92 EffectScripts 135–141 Effects folder 29, 140 Effects tab 22, 87 elements See also objects creating strings of 84–85 described 144 imported.
hardware field rendering and 38 noting for support calls 134 headers in EffectScripts 135 height settings for GIFs 35 help, onscreen 10–11 Heuris MPEG format 115 hidden elements 76 hidden keyframes 132 high quality 112 Hold First and Hold Last options 61, 92 holes in layers.
website 11 LiveType projects. See projects Live Wireframe Preview 20, 21, 109, 132, 147 locked items characters 133 elements 133 movies 83 textures 83 tracks 27 Loop button 110 looping items effects 92 LiveFonts effects 61 .ltfx extension 29 .ltlf extension 29 .ltob extension 29 .lttm extension 29 .lttx extension 29 M Mac OS, version of 134 MacPaint format 115 magnifying view.
P PAL format 145 PAL video 144 Parameter pop-up menu 97 parameters active parameters 97 of keyframes 94 LED indicators 96 Particles objects 19 pausing previews 110 performance, preview 112–113, 133 PhotoJPEG codec 115 Photoshop format 43, 82, 115 PICS format 43, 82 PICT files 145 PICT format 43, 82, 115, 145 picture aspect ratio 143 pixel aspect ratio 36, 145 pixelated images 131 pixels 36, 132, 145 Planar RGB codec 115 playhead 26 PLS format 43, 82 PNG codec 115 PNG format 44, 82, 115 poster frames 111 pos
Reveal in Finder command 107 Reveal in Media Browser command 107 RGB color space 146 ripple drags 54 rotating items attributes for 24 EffectScript for 141 non-text elements 85 nontext elements 83 text 66–67, 77 rotation handles 79 rulers hiding 37 settings 37 showing 17, 37 S Saturation values 64 saving modified effects 102 scale handles 79 Scale parameter 66 scaling items attributes for 24 glow or shadow effects 69 non-text elements 85 non-text items 83 text elements 66 Screech effect 121 scripts (EffectS
curved 121–123 modifying characters on 77–78 text in 57 textures adding to Canvas 81 animated 8 background 42 creating strings of 84–85 described 8, 146 filling track contents with 76 resizing 83 storing 29 transforming 83–85 unlocking position of 83 working with 81 Textures folder 29 Textures tab 81 TGA codec 115 TGA format 115 third-party applications 114 TIFF codec 115 TIFF format 44, 82, 146 timecode 26, 146 Timeline 26–28 background bar 43 described 13, 26, 146 effects in 27 illustrated 13, 26 moving k
positions of matte and background images 75 resources for 131 scrolling or crawling text 128 U ungrouping tracks 56 V video digital 144 interlaced 36 NTSC 144 PAL 144 Video codec 115 Apple Store 12 FireWire 12 LiveType 11 weight of outlined text 70 widescreen format 147 width of GIF images 35 Wireframe previews 21, 37, 109, 132, 147 words within words effect 117 workflows, title creation 9 X x coordinate 147 Y y coordinate 147 W warping items 69, 119–121 web banners 35 websites Apple Applications 133
