3.5

148MainStage Effects
Formant filter parameters
• Low and High Frequency parameters: Determine the lowest and highest frequencies
allowed to pass by the filter section. Frequencies that fall outside these boundaries are
cut.
• The length of the horizontal blue bar at the top represents the frequency range for
both analysis and synthesis—unless Formant Stretch or Formant Shift is used. You
can move the entire frequency range by dragging the blue bar. The silver handles
on either end of the blue bar set the Low Frequency and High Frequency values,
respectively.
• You can also drag in the numeric fields to adjust the frequency values separately.
• Lowest button: Switch the lowest filter band between bandpass or highpass mode.
In bandpass mode, the frequencies above and below the lowest band are ignored. In
highpass mode, all frequencies below the lowest band are filtered.
• Highest button: Switch the highest filter band between bandpass or lowpass mode.
In bandpass mode, the frequencies above and below the highest band are ignored. In
lowpass mode, all frequencies above the highest band are filtered.
• Formant Stretch knob: Change the width and distribution of all bands in the synthesis
filter bank. This can be a broader or narrower frequency range than that defined by the
High and Low Frequency parameters.
When Formant Stretch is set to 0, the width and distribution of the bands in the
synthesis filter bank at the bottom match the width of the bands in the analysis filter
bank at the top. Low values narrow the width of each band in the synthesis bank,
whereas high values widen the bands. The control range is expressed as a ratio of the
overall bandwidth.
• Formant Shift knob: Move all bands in the synthesis filter bank up or down the
frequency spectrum.
When Formant Shift is set to 0, the positions of the bands in the synthesis filter bank
match the positions of the bands in the analysis filter bank. Positive values move the
synthesis filter bank bands up in frequency, whereas negative values move them down—
in relation to the analysis filter bank band positions.
When combined, Formant Stretch and Formant Shift alter the formant structure of the
resulting vocoder sound, which can lead to interesting timbre changes. For example,
using speech signals and tuning Formant Shift up results in “Mickey Mouse” effects.
Formant Stretch and Formant Shift are also useful if the frequency spectrum of the
synthesis signal does not complement the frequency spectrum of the analysis signal.
You could create a synthesis signal in the high-frequency range from an analysis signal
that mainly modulates the sound in a lower-frequency range, for example.
Note: Use of the Formant Stretch and Formant Shift parameters can result in the
generation of unusual resonant frequencies when high Resonance settings are used.
• Resonance knob: Change the basic sonic character of the vocoder. Low settings result
in a soft character, whereas high settings lead to a more snarling, sharp character.
Technically, increasing the Resonance value emphasizes the middle frequency of each
frequency band.