Macintosh PowerBook User’s Guide Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for Macintosh PowerBook 190 series computers
K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contents Communications regulation information vi Part I 1 Getting Started 1 Plugging in the computer Opening the display 3 4 Turning the computer on 6 Problems turning your computer on? Making software disks What’s next? 8 9 15 Learning the basics Reviewing the basics 16 18 Turning the computer off 19 Putting the computer to sleep 20 Restarting a computer that’s already on Where to find answers 22 24 iii
2 Getting Help 25 Getting answers to your questions 26 Identifying objects on the screen Learning useful shortcuts 34 35 3 Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards Using expansion bay modules 37 Using PC Cards (PCMCIA cards) 41 4 Connecting Additional Equipment Connecting a printer 37 51 52 Connecting an external modem Connecting SCSI devices 53 54 Connecting an external monitor 60 Connecting sound output devices Connecting other devices 64 65 Adding infrared (IR) capabilities to your
Part II 7 Tips and Troubleshooting When you have questions 83 83 When you run into trouble 83 Problems starting up the computer 84 Problems working with programs Other problems while working Problems with hardware 89 93 96 Problems with equipment connected to your Macintosh PowerBook Problems with networks and file sharing Problems with Apple Remote Access 8 Diagnostic Techniques 106 109 111 Checking your system software extensions Testing your hard disk 105 111 113 Reinstalling system soft
Appendix B Using Your Keyboard 141 Typing special characters and symbols Special key combinations 145 Appendix C Installing a RAM Expansion Card Getting ready 143 147 148 Removing the keyboard 149 Installing the RAM expansion card Replacing the keyboard 158 161 Checking to make sure a RAM card is properly installed Index vi Contents 167 166
Communications regulation information FCC statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy.
DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Chapter 1 Getting Started Chapter 2 Getting Help Chapter 3 Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards Chapter 4 Connecting Additional Equipment Chapter 5 Installing and Using Application Programs Chapter 6 Power Management I part
Follow the instructions in this chapter to set up your computer and learn the basics. 1 Getting Started The illustration on the following page provides an overview of your Macintosh PowerBook computer. To set up your computer for the first time, you need the power adapter and the power cord that came with it. When setting up your computer, place your computer on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded electrical outlet.
Sleep indicator ¤ Brightness control Speaker O Contrast control Microphone Trackpad P Power key Floppy disk drive module Trackpad button Expansion bay drive in-use light Security slot Battery Infrared window (optional Infrared Upgrade Card required for IR file transfer) Two PC Card (PCMCIA card) slots ™ Video port PC Card eject buttons (optional 8-bit Video-Out Upgrade Card, shown installed here) Elevation foot release button ¯ Power adapter port I Reset button - Sound output port g SCSI port
Plugging in the computer Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s battery. You should plug in the power adapter in case the battery has drained during shipping or storage. WARNING Use only the power adapter that came with your Macintosh PowerBook or with a Macintosh PowerBook 5300 series computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other Macintosh PowerBook models and other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.
2 Plug the power adapter plug into the power adapter port (marked with the icon ¯) on the back panel of the computer. ¯ Power adapter port Power cord Power adapter plug Power adapter Opening the display 1 Slide the latch to the left and lift up the display. Slide the latch to the left to open the display.
2 Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle. You can adjust the angle of the display at any time by tilting it toward or away from you. 3 Adjust the elevation feet if you want to raise the computer. The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the feet are in use. To lower the foot, lift the rear of the computer and press the release button. The foot extends automatically. To raise the foot, press the release button while pushing up on the foot until it clicks into place.
Turning the computer on To turn on the computer: m Press the Power key (marked with a P) at the upper-right corner of the keyboard. Power key π You should hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a few minutes to start up. You’ll see the Mac OS startup screen as the system software is loaded on the computer.
If you are a new Macintosh PowerBook user, follow the instructions in the rest of this section. If you have experience using a Macintosh computer, skip to “Making Software Disks” later in this chapter to learn how to make floppy disks of the software installed on your computer. If you are a new Macintosh PowerBook user If you have never used a Macintosh PowerBook computer, you need to learn how to use your computer before you can make your disks.
4 Turn to the “Learning the Basics” section later in this chapter. 5 Turn to “Making Software Disks,” later in this chapter, as soon as you are done learning the basics. It is very important that you make your floppy disks as soon as you are done with the first part of the Macintosh Tutorial. Problems turning your computer on? m Nothing happened when you pressed the Power key. The battery may be drained.
m You see a picture of a disk with a blinking question mark on the screen. This icon usually means that the computer can’t find system software on the hard disk or any disks attached to the computer. You may need to reinstall system software. See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 8. m You don’t see the Floppy Disk Maker picture on the screen. The screen for Floppy Disk Maker appears when you start up your computer until you make a minimum set of disks.
What is a disk image? A disk image is a discrete electronic representation of each individual installer disk. The Disk Images folder in the Floppy Disk Maker folder on your hard disk contains the disk images you need to creater installer disks for both your system software and the other software that comes on the hard disk. When you use Floppy Disk Maker, it copies the disk images onto floppy disks.
Before you start making your disks, you’ll need to decide if you want to make a full set or a minimum set of disks. When you make a full set, you’ll make disks for your system software and the other disk images that come on your computer. When you make a minimum set, you’ll make just the essential system software disks. It is best to make a full set, so you’ll have installer disks for your system software and the other disk images that come on your computer.
This dialog box will appear every time you start your computer until you make at least a minimum set of disks. It is very important that you make at least a minimum set. (You can stop the dialog box from appearing by removing the Floppy Disk Maker alias from the Startup Items folder in the System Folder. See “Problems Starting Up the Computer” in Chapter 7 for more information.
As you fill each disk, make a label with the disk name displayed on the screen. Then immediately put the label on the disk so that you know what its contents are later. 4 When you’re finished, click Quit. If you want to make more disks, click Continue and go to the next section, “Making Individual Disks,” to learn about using Floppy Disk Maker’s custom feature. Be sure the floppy disks are properly labeled, then store them in a safe, cool place.
Making individual disks If you made a minimum set of disks, you can go back and make disks of the remaining disk images on your computer. You do this by using the custom feature of Floppy Disk Maker. You can make an individual disk or a set of disks for an application program. Follow these steps: 1 Open the Floppy Disk Maker application program.
4 Click Add. The folder (or individual disk) appears in the list to the right under “Disk images to be copied.” Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the software you want to copy appears in the list to the right. The total number of disks you’ll need appears above the list in the right of the window. If you want to remove an item from the list on the right, click the item to select it and click Remove. 5 Click Copy. Follow the instructions on the screen. Remember to label the disks as you make them.
Learning the basics If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse program called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps: 1 Move your finger on the trackpad to move the arrow pointer (8) on the screen. Place your index finger on the trackpad and your thumb on the trackpad button. Don’t press the trackpad button yet.
Tips for using the trackpad For best results when using the trackpad: m Use your index finger (left or right hand). Use only one finger. m Use only your finger on the trackpad. Do not use a pen or any other object. m If your finger reaches the edge of the trackpad before the pointer is where you want it, lift your finger and reposition it on the trackpad. (The pointer moves only when your finger moves on the trackpad.) m Extend your PowerBook’s elevation feet when it is placed on a flat surface.
Reviewing the basics The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial. The strip across the top of the screen is called the menu bar. The symbols and words in it represent menus of commands. To move a window, drag it by the title bar. To find an answer to a question, look in the Guide (h) menu. You can have several application programs open at once.
Turning the computer off You can turn your computer off using either the Power key or the Shut Down command. Detailed instructions follow. Turning the computer off using the Power key To turn the computer off with the Power key, follow these steps: 1 If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it. For information on the sleep feature of your Macintosh PowerBook, see “Putting the Computer to Sleep,” the next major section in this chapter.
4 While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow down the list of choices until the words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the button. Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key or choosing Shut Down—for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you can turn off the computer by pressing the reset button (marked with an I) on the back of the computer.
Other ways of putting your computer to sleep You can also use any of the following alternate methods to put your computer to sleep: m Choose the Sleep command from the Special menu. m Close the display. m Move the pointer over the Sleep Now portion of the Control Strip, then press the mouse button and choose Sleep Now from the pop-up menu that appears. m Hold down the Command and Shift keys while you press and release the zero (0) key.
For more information, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.) Automatic sleep If you don’t use the computer for several minutes, it goes to sleep automatically. This conserves battery power. To wake the computer, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). The screen will reappear as it was before the computer went to sleep. You can control the automatic sleep feature.
You can also restart the computer using the Restart command. m Choose Restart from the Special menu. If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Choose Finder from the Application menu. When you choose Restart, the computer prompts you to save your work, closes all open programs, and restarts itself. Restarting using either of the methods outlined above does not affect your RAM disk (if you created one) or its contents.
Where to find answers When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers. In this book Macintosh PowerBook User’s Guid e Use this book to set up and learn about your computer, and for useful tips and suggestions if you have problems with your computer. In the Guide menu The Guide menu (marked with the h symbol) is your main source of information about the Macintosh.
Use the instructions in this chapter to learn about the help available to you in the Guide menu. 2 Getting Help The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Getting answers to your questions When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu. 1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder to make it the active application program. A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program. 2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide. The Macintosh Guide window appears.
3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For. Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information: m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of contents in a book. m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it is like the index in a book. m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase that you type.
2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics. When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window. To get instructions, click a question… …and then click OK. 3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here.
Getting answers with the Index button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button. An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window. Slider Scroll bar 2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible. You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list. 3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or double-click the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click here. 5 Click here to see the next step (if there is one). Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Getting answers with the Look For button 1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button. A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text. To activate the text box, click here. Type a word or phrase in the text box… …and then click here. 2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.
4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question. A small window appears with instructions for you to follow. If you want to close Macintosh Guide, click here. Click here to see the next step (if there is one). 5 Read and follow the instructions in the window. Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected.
Tips for using Macintosh Guide Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.
Identifying objects on the screen Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help. Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips. Follow these steps to use Balloon Help: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.
Learning useful shortcuts You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it. Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts: 1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts. The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.
2 Click one of the category buttons. Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category. If you want to close the window, click here. Click here to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window for more categories. 3 Click here to see the next window (if there is one). Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected. Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).
Read this chapter for information on using expansion bay modules and PC Cards. 3 Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards Using expansion bay modules The floppy disk drive in your Macintosh PowerBook is a removable module, which you can easily switch with other types of removable modules. The place in your computer where modules go is called the expansion bay. All expansion bay modules are inserted and removed in the same way.
2 If a floppy disk is inserted in the module, click its icon to select it and drag its icon to the Trash (or choose Put Away from the File menu). If you have any other kind of optional expansion bay module, make sure you drag the icon for whatever kind of medium is inserted to the Trash or choose Put Away from the File menu. 3 Unlock the expansion bay module by sliding the module release latch on the bottom of your Macintosh PowerBook in the direction of the arrow.
4 Hold the module by the gripping surface and pull it out of the computer. Hold the module by the gripping surface and pull it completely out of the computer. Gripping surface The module release latch automatically slides back into its proper position as you remove the module. IMPORTANT You should not remove an expansion bay module if it is in use or you may lose data. If you try to remove the module when it is in use, you’ll see a message telling you to reinsert it.
Locking an expansion bay module You can purchase a security cable and lock to protect your Macintosh PowerBook. With a lock, you can do the following: m secure your computer to a desk or table m lock the expansion bay module in your computer m lock the battery in your computer See your Apple-authorized dealer or computer retailer for details on what kinds of security devices are available.
Using PC Cards (PCMCIA cards) PC Cards (also known as PCMCIA cards) are about the size of a thick credit card and have a 68-pin connector at one end. They come in many varieties, such as fax/modem cards, mass-storage cards, Ethernet connection cards, and wireless communications cards. You can use PC Cards to expand your Macintosh PowerBook’s capabilities. This section tells you how to insert and eject PC Cards, and how to set up your communications software to use PC Card modems.
To insert a card, do this: m Insert the card, connector first and label up, into the slot. Make sure the card is level. A Type I or Type II PC Card can be inserted in either the upper or lower slot. A Type III PC Card must be inserted in the lower slot.
You’ll feel some resistance as you slide the card in. When the card is firmly seated, you hear a click. An icon for the PC Card appears on the desktop. You are now ready to use the card. Ejecting a PC Card Your computer must be on or off in order to eject a PC Card. You cannot eject a PC Card when the computer is in sleep. IMPORTANT Before you eject a card, make sure that nothing is blocking the card’s slot.
Other ways to eject a card When the computer is turned on, you can also do any of the following: m Click the card’s icon to select it, then pull down the File menu and choose Put Away. After the card is ejected, pull it out of the slot. m Click the card’s icon to select it, then pull down the Special menu and choose Eject PC Card. After the card is ejected, pull it out of the slot.
If you can’t eject a card If you are unable to eject a card using any of the methods described, follow these steps: 1 Shut down the computer. 2 Straighten one end of a paper clip. 3 Insert the end of the straightened paper clip into the hole next to the slot that contains the card, and press gently but firmly until the card is ejected. If you can’t eject a card, insert the end of a straightened paper clip into the hole next to the slot. This hole is for the upper slot.
Using a PC Card modem When you are using a PC Card modem, make sure you do the following: 1 Install the communications software you want to use. PC Card modems work with your communications software by accessing a feature of your Macintosh PowerBook’s software called the Communications Toolbox. Your software must support the Communications Toolbox in order to use PC Card modems.
Using eWorld with a PC Card modem Follow these steps when using eWorld with a PC Card modem. You can also use these steps as a guideline for setting up other communications programs to use the Communications Toolbox. Note: The files listed below were designed to work with the United States phone system. These files may or may not work properly outside of the United States. To select the correct modem file for your PC Card modem, follow these steps: 1 Insert your PC Card modem.
Using Apple Remote Access with a PC Card modem Apple Remote Access uses modem files (sometimes called connection scripts or CCLs) to get the best performance from some modems. Follow these steps to select your modem file: 1 Insert your PC Card modem. 2 Open the ARA application program. 3 Open Remote Access Setup. The following screen appears: Select the modem you are using here. Select the slot your PC Card modem is inserted in here. 4 Choose your modem from the Modem pop-up menu.
Using AppleLink with a PC Card modem To use AppleLink with a PC Card modem, follow these steps: 1 Insert your PC Card modem. 2 Open the AppleLink Connection Files folder (inside the PC Card Modem Files folder in the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk). 3 Drag the icon for the PC Card Modem (USA) file to the Connection Files folder (inside the AppleLink folder). If a dialog box appears advising you that older files with the same name already exist, click OK.
7 Choose Serial Tool from the Method pop-up menu. 8 Select the Upper Slot or Lower Slot icon in the Current Port window. If your modem is not currently inserted, its icon will not be displayed in the window. You must always insert the modem in the same slot, or you’ll need to set up the modem again for the other slot. 9 50 Chapter 3 Choose PC Card Modem (USA) from the Connection File pop-up menu.
Read this chapter for information on expanding your computer system with additional hardware. 4 Connecting Additional Equipment The illustration below shows where equipment should be connected to your Macintosh PowerBook. In most cases, you should refer to the manuals that came with your equipment for instructions on connecting it. Make sure you always shut down your Macintosh PowerBook before you connect any cable other than the power adapter.
Additional information is provided in this chapter for adding the following devices to your computer system: m printers m external modems m SCSI devices m external monitors m sound output devices m additional memory Connecting a printer The printer/modem port on your computer can accept either a direct connection (to a printer such as a StyleWriter) or a network connection (to a printer such as a LaserWriter).
Connecting an external modem You can use a PC Card modem in your computer’s PC Card slot. For information on connecting and using a PC Card modem, see the documentation that came with your modem, “Using a PC Card Modem” in the section “Using PC Cards (PCMCIA Cards)” in Chapter 3 of this manual, and the “Using PC Cards” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. You can also connect an external modem to the printer/modem port on the back panel of the computer.
Connecting SCSI devices A SCSI device is any product—including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and scanners—that communicates with your computer by means of a standard electronic interface. (SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface.) You can attach up to 6 SCSI devices to your computer by linking them together in a chain that starts at your computer’s SCSI port. To connect a SCSI device to your Macintosh PowerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable or equivalent.
Where to add cable terminators when connecting a single SCSI device: Connecting one SCSI device Terminator HDI-30 SCSI system cable Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.) Where to add cable terminators when connecting two or more SCSI devices: Connecting more than one SCSI device Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.
Connecting your computer as a hard disk Before making any connections, you need to assign a unique SCSI ID number to the PowerBook. (The unique ID number allows the computer to communicate with several connected devices.) 1 Make sure the password protection feature is turned off in the Password Security control panel. 2 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu of your Macintosh PowerBook computer. 3 Open the PowerBook Setup control panel.
10 If there are no SCSI devices currently connected to the other computer, attach a SCSI system cable to the other computer. Make sure you have a terminator connected to your PowerBook. If there are SCSI devices currently connected to the other computer, attach a SCSI peripheral interface cable to the last device in the SCSI chain.
WARNING If you do not see the SCSI icon, and the computer starts normally or displays an error message, press the Power key to shut down the computer (if you can) and then immediately disconnect your computer from the SCSI chain. (If you cannot shut down your Macintosh PowerBook, you should disconnect the cable anyway, or you may lose information.) Then go back and repeat steps 8 through 12, making sure to use the proper cables. 13 Turn on the other SCSI devices in the chain, if any.
Quitting SCSI disk mode 1 Shut down the computer your PowerBook is connected to. 2 Hold down the Power (P) key on the PowerBook until the computer shuts down. 3 Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4 Disconnect the PowerBook from the adapter cable. If you plan to connect your PowerBook regularly to the same computer, you can leave the adapter cable attached to the SCSI chain or the other computer. IMPORTANT Do not leave the adapter cable attached to the PowerBook.
Connecting an external monitor IMPORTANT You must install a video-out upgrade card to use an external monitor with your Macintosh PowerBook. Contact your Apple-authorized dealer to purchase the Macintosh PowerBook 8-Bit Color Video-Out Upgrade Kit (which includes a PowerBook video adapter cable), and for information on which monitors are compatible with your PowerBook. When equipped with a video-out upgrade card, your PowerBook has a video port to which you can connect most Apple monitors.
2 Place the monitor where you will be using it. Keep the computer and the monitor at least eight inches apart. Interference between the monitor and your computer’s floppy disk drive can cause errors on your floppy disks. Floppy disk drive 8 inches minimum Arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below eye level while you work. Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from lights and windows.
5 Attach the video adapter to the video port (marked with the icon ™) on the computer’s back panel. 6 Turn on the external monitor. 7 Press the Power (P) key to turn on your computer. (You can press any key if your PowerBook is in sleep.) The external monitor is ready to use. Trouble? m Nothing happened when you tried to turn on the PowerBook. Make sure that all your equipment is connected properly, then try pressing the Power (P) key again.
Disconnecting an external monitor 1 Make sure your computer is shut down or in sleep. 2 Make sure your monitor is switched off. 3 Disconnect the video adapter from the video port on the computer’s back panel. The video port is marked with this icon: ™. Press the small buttons on both sides of the connector to remove the video adapter from the port. Press here to remove the adapter.
Connecting sound output devices Your computer has a built-in microphone to the lower right of the display. For information on using the microphone to record sounds, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. Microphone The Macintosh PowerBook also has a stereo sound output port (marked with the icon -) to which you can connect externally powered speakers, an amplifier, headphones, or other audio output devices.
Connecting other devices For instructions on connecting a device not discussed in this chapter—for example, an external input device (such as a mouse) or networking hardware—refer to the manuals that came with the device. Adding infrared (IR) capabilities to your computer Your Macintosh PowerBook comes ready to install a PowerBook Infrared Upgrade Card.
Read this chapter for information on installing and using application programs on your computer.
To get started with your software, follow these steps: 1 Open the Macintosh HD icon. A window similar to this appears. Important information about your Macintosh PowerBook The files used to start up and control your computer A simple word-processing program An application program that lets you launch preinstalled software, get tips, and learn about service and support Folders with preinstalled software and related information 2 Double-click the Software Highlights icon.
Getting help for application programs Some application programs that come on your Macintosh PowerBook (for instance, PowerTalk and File Assistant) are documented in their own Apple Guide online help systems. Follow these steps to see if a program has an Apple Guide help system: 1 Open the application program. 2 Pull down the Guide (h) menu. If an item appears in the Guide menu for your application program, choose it. If an item does not appear, then there is no Apple Guide online help for that program.
Working with several programs at a time You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar. The Finder icon Commands to hide or display open windows A checkmark indicates the active program.
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu. The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again. If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu. Backing up your files Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals.
Read this chapter for information about your Macintosh PowerBook’s battery. 6 Power Management Power sources Your computer can draw its operating power from two different sources. m Main battery Your computer came with a nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) battery. The battery should provide between 2.5 and 5 hours of work time (you may get longer work time depending on the battery conservation features you choose).
Responding to low-power messages When the battery runs low, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. The work time remaining after you see the first message varies depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly. What you should do When you see a low-power message, you should do one of the following: m Plug in the power adapter.
IMPORTANT Recharge a depleted battery as soon as possible. Leaving a depleted battery in the computer for a length of time (especially in a hot location, such as the trunk of a car) may damage the battery so that it can’t be recharged. If this happens, you need to replace the battery. Using the Control Strip to monitor battery charge The Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip shows the current power source and the approximate amount of charge left in your battery.
Recharging the battery To recharge the battery in your computer, plug in the power adapter. (Do not use an external recharger, even one designed for another Macintosh PowerBook model. Macintosh PowerBook 190 series batteries should be charged inside the computer.) ¯ Power adapter port Power adapter WARNING Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.
Removing or replacing the battery To remove or replace the battery, follow these steps. 1 Save your work, and then choose Shut Down or Sleep from the Special menu, or plug in the power adapter. 2 Close the display. 3 Press the battery release button on the battery. 1 Press the button on the battery. 2 Slide the battery out. 4 Pull the battery out of its compartment. 5 Put the battery cap on the battery to cover the battery contacts.
6 If you are inserting another battery, remove the battery cap from the new battery to expose the contacts, then slide it into the battery compartment. You cannot insert a battery if the battery cap is still on the battery. You should store the battery cap in case you want to remove and transport the battery later. Make sure you use only a battery that is designed for your Macintosh PowerBook.
About lithium ion replacement batteries You can purchase an optional lithium ion (LiIon) battery as an extra or replacement for the standard NiMH battery that came with your Macintosh PowerBook. LiIon batteries provide somewhat longer work time than NiMH batteries before you need to recharge—from 3 to 5.5 hours, depending on which model of Macintosh PowerBook you have, what equipment you’re using with your computer, and what steps you take to conserve power while you work.
Chapter 7 Tips and Troubleshooting Chapter 8 Diagnostic Techniques II part
Consult this chapter and the next if you have questions or experience problems using your computer. 7 Tips and Troubleshooting When you have questions If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual.
This chapter and Chapter 8 describe solutions to problems you may experience with your computer. If the suggestions in these two chapters don’t solve your problem, contact a local Apple-authorized service provider or call the Apple Assistance Center. (See the service and support information that came with your computer for the phone number.) If your problem is with third-party software or equipment, please call the software or equipment manufacturer for help.
The computer makes an unusual sound at startup. m If you hear an unfamiliar startup sound, start up the computer with the Disk Tools disk that came with your computer. If the computer does not start up, or if the hard disk icon does not appear, the hard disk may need repair. Contact an Apple-authorized service provider or call the Apple Assistance Center. If the hard disk icon does appear, see Chapter 8, “Diagnostic Techniques.
The computer starts up, but the desktop (or Floppy Disk Maker screen) doesn’t appear. m The screen brightness may be turned down. Adjust the brightness control (¤) and contrast control (O), located to the right of the display. m The computer may be trying to start up using an external hard disk that does not contain the correct version of system software. Disconnect the external hard disk and restart your computer.
The computer displays a flashing question mark icon. m This icon usually means that the computer can’t find system software on any disks attached to the computer. (After it displays this icon for two minutes, the computer will shut itself off.) If the computer is connected to any external hard disks, make sure that the SCSI chain is terminated properly (see “Connecting SCSI Devices” in Chapter 4) and that the external hard disks are turned on. Then restart the computer.
When the computer starts up, a message says there is not enough memory. m There may not be enough memory to load all the system software extensions you’ve installed. Restart the computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message “Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. Then try the following to increase available memory: m Reduce the size of the disk cache in the Memory control panel. m If you use a RAM disk, reduce its size or turn it off in the Memory control panel.
When the computer starts up, no icons appear in the windows, and the pointer alternates between an arrow and a wristwatch, or an empty flashing box appears. m There is a problem with the display of windows. Restart the computer, holding down the Option key until the desktop icons appear. (When the desktop appears, all windows will be closed.) When I start up the computer, the display lights up for a moment, then shuts down.
The computer exhibits odd behavior, such as many unexplained system failures. m Check for multiple System Folders on your startup disk, using the Find File command. Throw away extra System Folders (but do not throw away any System Folders from your RAM Disk Backup folder). The System Folder that your computer is using has a small computer icon on it. m Check for viruses on all your disks, using a virus-detection program. Eliminate any viruses the program finds.
A program won’t open. m The application program may already be open. Check the Application menu to see what programs are running. m There may not be enough memory available to open the program. Quit any programs you’re not using and try again. If that doesn’t work, try restarting the computer. m If the program is on a floppy disk, make sure the disk is unlocked. (You unlock a disk by sliding the tab at the corner of the disk so that it covers the hole.) m The program may be damaged.
A message says there is not enough memory. m There may be a temporary software problem. Save your work, quit all open programs, and restart the computer. If you can’t restart, see the suggestions in “The Computer Freezes or Displays a System Error Message,” earlier in this section. m If you get this message when you are trying to open or use a program, follow these steps: 1. Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu. Take note of the number in the “Largest Unused Block” section.
When I try to open a document, a message says the program can’t be found. m The document may have been created with a program that is not on your hard disk, or with a different version of the program. m You can also open a document from within a program by using the Open command in the File menu. For more information, see the documentation that came with your programs.
Some icons look different from usual. m There may be a problem with the information that the computer uses to keep track of files. Restart the computer and hold down the Command (x) and Option keys until you see a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop. Release the keys and click OK. Note: If you have Macintosh Easy Open installed, you must turn off all extensions except the Macintosh Easy Open control panel, and then follow the steps given above to rebuild your desktop.
m If the file is on a floppy disk, the disk may be locked. Unlock the disk by sliding the tab so that it covers the hole at the corner of the disk. m The file may be in a shared folder that can’t be changed. You can throw away the file by turning off file sharing temporarily (click Stop in the Sharing Setup control panel). Or you can select the shared folder, choose Sharing from the File menu, and uncheck the box labeled either “Can’t be moved, renamed, or deleted” or “Same as enclosing folder.
Problems with hardware Floppy disk drive I can’t eject a floppy disk. m The disk may be stuck. Restart the computer, holding down the button on your trackpad. If the disk is not ejected, you can eject it manually. Carefully insert the end of a straightened paper clip into the small hole near the disk drive’s opening, and push firmly until the disk is ejected. Insert the end of a large, straightened paper clip into this hole. I can’t save or copy files onto a floppy disk. m The disk may be locked.
Hard disk The computer won’t start up from the internal hard disk, or the hard disk icon doesn’t appear on the desktop. m There may be a temporary software problem. Turn off the computer, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. The hard disk keeps stopping and starting again. m The hard disk may be going to sleep to conserve power. Use the PowerBook control panel to change the power conservation settings. The computer is using the wrong disk as a startup disk.
When I use the trackpad to click or double-click, it does not seem to work. m Make sure your finger is off the trackpad at the end of the motion. If your finger stays on the trackpad, the computer will not recognize the motion as a click or a double-click. To click, tap the trackpad once; to double-click, tap twice. When I use the trackpad to drag, it seems to think I’m double-clicking. m Make sure your finger stays down on the trackpad at the end of the dragging motion.
A key won’t stop repeating. m Open Key Caps in the Apple (K) menu. If any keys in the window are darkened, keys may be stuck down on your keyboard. This problem is sometimes related to an incorrectly installed RAM expansion card. Review the RAM card installation instructions in Appendix C. PowerBook display The screen went blank. m Screen dimming may be on. Move the pointer to restore the screen’s brightness. m The computer may have gone to sleep.
External monitors The monitor remains dark. m Shut down the PowerBook, then make sure the monitor is connected to the PowerBook, plugged into an active outlet, and turned on. (Most monitors have a light on the front panel to show whether they are on.) The monitor is on, but no image appears. m Screen dimming may be on. Move the pointer to restore the screen’s brightness. m Adjust the monitor’s brightness and contrast controls. m Open the Monitors control panel and press the Identify button.
The monitor goes dark after a few minutes. m Screen dimming may be turned on. Move the pointer to restore the screen’s brightness. You can change the interval before screen dimming takes effect in the PowerBook control panel. The computer freezes when screen dimming takes effect. m Screen dimming does not work with some programs. Open the PowerBook control panel and turn off screen dimming. There is wavy or jittery interference on the external monitor.
The printer does not appear in the Chooser. m Make sure you’ve selected the correct kind of printer on the left side of the Chooser window. For example, if you’re using a StyleWriter II, make sure to select StyleWriter II, not StyleWriter. m Use the scroll bars to look through all the selections in the Chooser areas. m Check the connections between your computer and the printer, including relevant sections of the network if appropriate.
SCSI equipment and SCSI disk mode External SCSI equipment doesn’t work, or a hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop. m Check that all cables are connected securely, that the devices are plugged into working outlets, and that the devices are turned on. IMPORTANT Make sure that all equipment is turned off before connecting or disconnecting cables. m Make sure that you turn on SCSI equipment before you start up the PowerBook.
m Make sure you are using the correct cable for SCSI disk mode. The HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter is about 8 inches long, is dark gray, and has 30 pins in the connector (no “missing” pins). Do not use the HDI-30 SCSI System Cable, which is light gray, is about 18 inches long, and has 29 pins in the connector (one “missing” pin). That cable is for connecting SCSI equipment to your PowerBook. m Check that all cable connections are secure. m The PowerBook’s battery may be drained.
Problems with equipment connected to your Macintosh PowerBook If a problem occurs while your Macintosh PowerBook is connected to external equipment, such as SCSI equipment, an external monitor, a modem, a printer, a mouse, or an external keyboard, these steps may help you determine the source of the trouble: 1 Shut down your Macintosh PowerBook and anything that’s connected to it. Disconnect everything connected to your Macintosh PowerBook (except the power adapter) and restart it.
Problems with networks and file sharing Solutions to common network problems If you are having problems using the network or file sharing, try the following before attempting further solutions: m Make sure that AppleTalk is turned on in the Chooser. m Open the Network control panel and make sure the correct network type is selected. m Make sure that all the network software is installed.
Solutions to other network problems The computer I want to connect to doesn’t appear in the Chooser. m Make sure the computer you’re trying to connect to is turned on. m Make sure file sharing is active on the computer you’re trying to connect to. (That computer’s Sharing Setup control panel should say that file sharing is on.) I connected to another computer, but the shared disk I want to use is not available. m You may already be connected to the shared disk. Check for its icon on your desktop.
A message says that file sharing can’t be turned on. m Make sure AppleTalk is turned on in the Chooser. m Make sure you have at least 1MB of available space on your hard disk. m Some disk-formatting programs don’t work with file sharing. If you use such a program, contact the manufacturer or vendor for compatibility information. m There may be a problem with some of the information your computer uses to start up file sharing. Follow these steps in order until the problem is solved: 1.
The file-sharing section doesn’t appear in the Sharing Setup control panel. m You may have turned off AppleTalk or file sharing using the Extensions Manager control panel. Turn them back on. m If the file-sharing and network software is not in your System Folder, use the system software disks that you made with Floppy Disk Maker to reinstall file-sharing and network software. I can’t open a shared disk or folder. m You may not have the access privileges needed to use the disk or folder.
The modem didn’t dial the phone number. m Check that the phone cord is plugged into the computer and into a working phone line. m Try dialing the number again. Sometimes there is a temporary connection problem. m Quit the program and restart it. Sometimes this procedure solves temporary problems with the modem. m Another program may be using the modem. Quit all other programs that use the modem. m Try using another communications program.
Consult this chapter before you call the Apple Assistance Center to solve problems with system software and your hard disk. 8 Diagnostic Techniques This chapter provides a step-by-step approach to diagnosing and solving system software and hard disk problems. Try the steps listed in each section in the order they are given until you can identify and solve the problem. Checking your system software extensions System software extensions are files that add features to your system software.
2 Turn off troublesome extensions using the Extensions Manager control panel. Tips for locating problem extensions: m If you recently installed a new item in the System Folder, it may be causing the problem. If you recently installed a new application program, a new extension may have been installed along with it. Check for new items in the Extensions folder and Control Panels folder. Also check for items of the kind “extension” or “control panel” in the System Folder itself.
Testing your hard disk The following steps will help you determine whether you have a problem with your hard disk or a problem with the system software on your hard disk. 1 Start up the Macintosh PowerBook with the Disk Tools disk that came with your computer. If the computer starts up normally, you may have a problem with the system software on your hard disk. If the computer starts up but you don’t see the hard disk icon, you may have a problem with the hard disk.
3 In the list of drives, click the disk you want to test. 4 Pull down the Functions menu and choose Test Drive. 5 When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit. If you cannot repair the disk, you may need to reinitialize the disk using the Drive Setup program. WARNING Reinitializing the hard disk erases all the information on it.
Reinstalling system software When should you install system software? Your computer came with all the necessary system software installed on its internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk unless you encounter software problems.
Doing a normal installation of system software Follow the steps in this section to do what is commonly called a “normal” installation of system software. If you’re installing system software on a hard disk for the first time, make sure that your hard disk has been initialized, a process that prepares the disk to store information. (You use the Drive Setup program on the Disk Tools disk to initialize a hard disk.
10 Click OK. The Easy Install dialog box appears. (The dialog box that appears on your screen may not look exactly like this one.) Parts of system software to be installed Disk on which system software will be installed Click here to install the software you need. Click here to install on a different disk. 11 Make sure that the hard disk named in the Destination Disk box is the one on which you want to install system software. If it isn’t, click Switch Disk until the correct disk name appears.
IMPORTANT Certain additional system extensions or application programs that were originally on your hard disk may not be installed with the system software Installer program. If you notice that a certain extension or program was not installed, you may need to install it separately. You can find these additional extensions and programs in the disk images that come on your computer’s hard disk. (You can make installer disks for these programs with the Floppy Disk Maker application program.
3 When Disk First Aid has finished checking your hard disk, choose Quit from the File menu. 4 Open the Drive Setup program. You use the Drive Setup program to update your hard disk. 5 In the list of drives, click your startup disk. 6 Choose Update Driver from the Functions menu. The Update Driver command will not affect the contents of your startup disk. 7 When the update process is finished, quit Drive Setup. 8 Shut down your computer.
11 Make sure that the hard disk named in the Destination Disk box is the one on which you want to install system software. If it isn’t, click Switch Disk until the correct disk name appears. 12 Hold down Shift–x–K to start the clean installation. The following dialog box appears. 13 Click the Install New System Folder button and click OK. The Easy Install dialog box appears.
16 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, you may need to click Restart. You need to click Restart only if you installed software onto the startup disk. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try repeating the clean installation procedure. IMPORTANT Certain additional system extensions or application programs that were originally on your hard disk may not be installed with the system software Installer program.
Doing a custom installation of system software For most Macintosh users, the Easy Install procedure described in the previous sections is appropriate, because it automatically installs all the items you need. However, if you’d like to select a combination of system software files for your specific needs, you can customize your system software installation.
4 Scroll through the list of components, clicking the checkbox next to each component you want to install. You can see and select individual items within each component by clicking the arrow to the left of the component, then clicking the item you want to install. To get additional information about each component listed, click the box with the letter i in it to the right of the component. 5 Click Install. 6 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips Appendix B Using Your Keyboard Appendix C Installing a RAM Expansion Card III part
Refer to this appendix for important health-related information and safety tips. Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips Health-related information about computer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist.
Musculoskeletal discomfort As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Eye fatigue Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
Keyboard and trackpad m When you use the keyboard and trackpad, your shoulders should be relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line. This Not this m You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the proper angle to the keyboard.
Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist. m Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue. m If you prefer, you can adjust the elevation of the keyboard by lowering the feet until they snap into position. To lower the foot, lift the rear of the computer and press the release button. The foot extends automatically.
Built-in display m Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare and reflections from overhead lights and windows. m You may need to adjust the brightness and contrast of the screen when you take the computer from one work location to another, or if the lighting in your work area changes. The brightness (¸) and contrast (O) controls are to the right of the display. ¤ Brightness control O Contrast control External monitor If you use an external monitor, this suggestion may be helpful.
Avoiding fatigue m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue. m Allow adequate work space so that you can work comfortably. Place papers or other items so you can view them easily while using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more comfortable. m Eye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.
Important care and safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others. Warning m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical product and do not permit them to handle any cables.
m Never force a connector into a port. Make sure that the connector matches the port and that it’s right side up. If the connector and port do not join easily, they do not match. m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. m Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard, and the trackpad. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer, shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill.
Caring for batteries m Use only the battery supplied with your computer, or an identical model. Batteries designed for other portable computers may look similar, but they may not work with your computer and may damage it. m Always handle batteries carefully. m Never get batteries wet. m Do not short-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not touch both terminals with a metal object). Doing so may cause an explosion or a fire. m Do not drop, puncture, disassemble, mutilate, or incinerate the battery.
Handling floppy disks Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F. Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label. Keep disks dry. 125° F (52° C) 50° F (10° C) Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter. Keep disks away from magnets. Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.
Traveling with the Macintosh PowerBook IMPORTANT Always bring either the Disk Tools disk than came with your PowerBook or a set of system software disks that you made with the Floppy Disk Maker program with you when you travel. If you experience any system software problems while traveling, you will need these disks to correct any problem.
m Take the necessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. (You may need to use them with the power adapter.) You do not need a voltage transformer. The power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC (48 Hz to 62 Hz). Check the diagrams below to determine which plug adapters you’ll need, or ask your travel agent.
International use The PowerBook AC Adapter can handle a wide range of voltages; a stepdown transformer is not required. See the bottom of your power adapter for voltage information, and check local power voltages before using the PowerBook in a location outside the U.S. You may need a plug adapter to fit the adapter to an outlet. To use a printer or other device in a location outside the U.S., you may need a step-down transformer. Obtain the transformer in the area you’re traveling to.
Refer to this appendix for information on using the PowerBook 190 series keyboard Appendix B Using Your Keyboard The PowerBook 190 series keyboard works in much the same way as the keyboards on other computers and on electric typewriters. However, there are a few special keys you should know about. The illustration on the following page explains the function of all the special keys on the PowerBook 190 series keyboard.
Special keys on the PowerBook 190 series keyboard esc F1 F2 F3 F4 ~ ! 1 @ # 3 $ 4 ’ Delete key Function keys Escape key 2 F5 F6 % 5 F7 6 F9 F8 & 7 F10 ( 9 * 8 F11 Q Caps Lock indicator Caps Lock key caps lock W A S Z shift Control key E ctrl Appendix B D X T F C Y G V U H B I + = J N O K M { [ P : ; L < > , .
Typing special characters and symbols You can type a variety of international and other special symbols and characters (including characters with diacritical marks, such as accents) by pressing combinations of keys. The Key Caps program, which is installed with your system software, shows you the characters produced when you type certain keys and key combinations in the fonts available on your computer. Choose Key Caps from the Apple (K) menu, then choose the font from the Key Caps menu.
If you press the Option key, Key Caps outlines lightly the keys that you can use in combination with letter keys to type letters with accents or other diacritical marks. If you see rectangles: If you see rectangles instead of diacritical marks on some of the pictures of keys in Key Caps, try pressing Option-x to see the diacritical marks. However, you only need to use the Option key (not Option-x) in combination with the other keys to type letters with diacritical marks.
Special key combinations If difficulties with your trackpad or computer don’t allow you to use standard methods of quitting a program or restarting your computer, you can try using these special key combinations. To do this... …press this key combination Force a program to quit x-Option-Esc Force the computer to restart x–Control–Power key Here are other key combinations you may find useful. To do this...
Refer to this appendix for instructions on installing a RAM expansion card. Appendix C Installing a RAM Expansion Card The instructions in this section tell you how to install a RAM expansion card in your Macintosh PowerBook. Note: Installing a RAM card is a technically challenging procedure. You should attempt it only if you are comfortable working with electronic equipment. You should read all of the following instructions before you begin.
Getting ready You need the computer, the RAM expansion card, and a screwdriver with a Torx T-8 head. (If one is not provided with your RAM card, you can purchase a Torx T-8 screwdriver at a hardware or electronics supply store.) Make sure you are installing an upgrade card made for a Macintosh PowerBook 190 series computer. IMPORTANT No other type of screwdriver can be used to install an expansion card in your PowerBook. The RAM card must use low-profile memory chips.
Removing the keyboard To remove the keyboard from the PowerBook, follow these steps: 1 Shut down the computer. 2 Disconnect the power adapter cable from the computer. 3 Close and latch the display. 4 Remove the battery from the computer. If you’re unfamiliar with this procedure, follow the instructions in “Removing and Replacing the Battery” in Chapter 6.
5 Turn the computer over and unscrew the three screws on the bottom of the computer. These screws can only be loosened with a Torx T-8 screwdriver. Turn the computer over and loosen these three screws.
6 Lift up the computer and carefully turn it over to remove the three loosened screws. When the screws drop out, set them aside.
7 Set the computer down and open the display to its maximum angle.
8 Gently lift the side panels of the computer a short distance. Be careful to not to lift too far. A slight lift should raise the keyboard enough for you to grasp it. Gently lift the side panels of the computer up a short distance (approximately 1/4"). You don’t want to remove the side panels; you only want to raise the keyboard slightly so that you can grasp the keyboard with your fingers and be able to lift it out of the computer. WARNING Do not lift the side panels up more than approximately 1/4".
9 Carefully pull the keyboard forward to loosen the four tabs at the top. Be very careful to avoid pulling the keyboard out too far. The cable attaching the keyboard to the computer is very short. Gently slide the keyboard away from the display a short distance to disengage these tabs. WARNING Don’t pull the keyboard away from the display more than 3/8". If you pull the keyboard away from the display more than 3/8", you may pull this cable out of its socket.
10 Place a clean, dry cloth over the display to protect it. Place a soft, dry, clean cloth over the display to protect it from scratches.
11 Lift the keyboard out of its enclosure and place it on the clean, dry cloth covering the display. Again, be very careful to not to lift the keyboard too far out of its enclosure. Don’t turn the keyboard over; just slide it up on the cloth. Gently move the keyboard up and place it on the cloth.
12 Gently touch the metal surface on the right side of the inside of the computer to discharge any static electric built up on your body. This protects your RAM card and PowerBook from damage. Avoid touching the heat sink inside the computer (shown in color here). If the computer has been on for a while, or the power adapter has been plugged in and charging the battery, the heat sink may have become hot.
Installing the RAM expansion card Continue with the steps in this section to install your RAM expansion card. 1 If you are replacing a RAM card, lift the corner of the RAM card you are replacing to remove it. If you’re replacing a RAM card, you’ll need to remove the old one. Lift up on the RAM card in this corner to remove it. RAM card Be careful not to touch other parts of the computer’s interior when lifting the card.
2 Remove the RAM card from its protective package, if necessary, and position it for installation. Hold the card by its edges. Don’t touch the chips, wires, or metal parts of the card. Orient the card so that the connector is on the left side. IMPORTANT Use a RAM card with TSOP low-profile RAM chips only. Installing a card with high-profile chips may damage your computer. Save the protective package in case you want to remove the card later.
4 Lay the card flat, then gently press the card into the socket. You need to exert some pressure to insert the card’s connector into the socket. It’s all right to wiggle the card to move it or to insert one side and then the other, but be very careful not to bend or bow the card. Check to see that the RAM card is properly seated in its socket. Press down firmly on these two areas. Check to see if either of these keyboard cables has been pulled out of its socket on the logic board.
Replacing the keyboard Before you replace the keyboard, make sure the keyboard cables are secure. If the keyboard cables are loose, follow these steps to replace the cables: 1 Lift the bail on the connector with a straightened paper clip or similar object. 2 Insert the ribbon cable into the connector. 3 Push down on the bail with a straightened paper clip or similar object to secure the ribbon cable.
1 Slide the keyboard forward and position it with the tabs at the top sliding into the enclosure. Hold the keyboard no more than an inch above the enclosure to avoid straining the cables. 2 Slide the keyboard back into the enclosure. The tabs at the top should slide inside the computer. Gently slide the keyboard back into the computer. These tabs go inside the computer. Make sure the keyboard is inserted all the way.
3 Lower the keyboard into place. If part of the keyboard doesn’t lie flat within the enclosure, gently press that area down with your hand. 4 Remove the cloth from the display. 5 Slightly close the display so it is at a 90 degree angle to the computer.
6 While holding the keyboard in place, rotate the PowerBook so the that underside faces up, with the display flat against the table surface. While holding the keyboard in place so that it doesn’t fall out, rotate the computer so that the display is flat against the table surface.
7 Gently but firmly hold the keyboard to the other parts of the computer. 8 While holding the keyboard down, replace the three screws on the bottom of the PowerBook. Replace the right and left screws first, and the middle screw last. 1 Gently but firmly squeeze the keyboard and the other parts of the computer together. 2 While squeezing the parts together, reinstall the three screws into the bottom of the computer. Not too tight: Take care not to overtighten the screws.
Checking to make sure a RAM card is properly installed Once you have completed the process for installing a RAM expansion card, you can check to make sure the additional RAM is now available on your computer. Follow these steps: 1 Press the Power key to turn your computer on. 2 Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu. 3 Look at the number of the total memory in your computer.
If you can’t find what you’re looking for in this index, look in Macintosh Guide— available in the Guide (h) menu on your computer. Index A About This Macintosh (Apple menu) 65, 166 accent marks, typing 143–144 AC power 73.
B backing up files 71 preinstalled software 9–15 Balloon Help 34 basic skills, learning 16–18 batteries 73–77 caring for 136 disposing of 78, 136 drained 8 life of 78 monitoring charge of 73–75 nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries 73 recharging 75–76 removing 77–78 replacement lithium ion batteries 79 replacing 75, 77–78 storing 135–136 transporting 134, 136 which to use 135–136 battery cap 77 battery icon 75 battery level icon 73 battery level indicator button and lights 79 Battery Monitor portion of Cont
connectors, inserting into port 135 conserving battery power 78 contrast control 8, 84, 93 Control key 142 Control panels Easy Access 98 Extensions Manager 112 File Sharing Monitor 107 Launcher 68 Network 106 PowerBook Setup 56 Remote Access Setup 109–110 restoring default settings in 85 Sharing Setup 106 Trackpad 98 Control Strip 18 Battery Monitor portion of 73, 75 copying files 71 customizing system software 122–123 D debugging programs 145 Delete key 142 desk accessories, opening 70 desktop hiding and
170 Index expansion bay modules 37–40 inserting 39 locking 40 removing 37–39 unlocking 38 Extensions folder in System Folder 88, 106 Extensions Manager control panel 112 G F H File menu Get Info command 94 Put Away command 44 files backing up 71 locked 94 file sharing, troubleshooting 106–109 File Sharing Monitor control panel 107 Finder activating 26, 33 shortcuts in 35 floppy disk drive ejecting disks from 37–38, 96 inserting disk into 69 troubleshooting 96 Floppy Disk Maker program 9–15 Custom feat
hard disk 97, 103 lightning bolt 76 opening 18, 70 PC Card 43 PC Card modem 46 SCSI 57–58 SCSI disk mode 86 startup hard disk 18 troubleshooting 94 unusual appearance of 94 Index button (Macintosh Guide) 27, 29–30 information, additional sources of 24 infrared capabilities 65 Infrared Upgrade Card 65 infrared window 2, 51 initializing hard disk 114, 116 inserting expansion bay modules 39 floppy disk into drive 69 PC Cards 41–43 Installer 116–123 installer disks, creating 9–15 installing application programs
monitor, external as extension of PowerBook screen 60 connecting 60–63 disconnecting 63 position of 61, 132 troubleshooting 62, 100–101 using video mirroring with 60 VGA and SVGA 60 working with 62 monitor cable 61, 132 monitoring battery charge 73–75 mouse shortcuts 35–36 moving Macintosh Guide window 33 pointer with trackpad 7, 16 N Network control panel 106 Network extensions in Extensions folder 106 networks backing up files on 71 disconnecting from 105 printers and 102 troubleshooting 107–109 network
power adapter port 4, 51, 76 PowerBook 8-Bit Color Video-Out Upgrade Card 60 PowerBook Infrared Upgrade Card 65 PowerBook Setup control panel 56 PowerBook Video Adapter Cable 54, 60 power cord 3–4 Power key 6, 19, 142 power strip 84 PRAM (parameter RAM) 85 printer/external modem port 51, 52–53 printers connecting 52 network 102 selecting in Chooser 101–102 transformer for 140 troubleshooting 101–102 PrintMonitor, memory usage of 102 problems.
service and repair 84, 134, 140 setting up the computer 3–5 shared disks 110 troubleshooting 107 Sharing Setup control panel 106 Shift key 142 Shortcuts (Guide menu) 35 Show All command (Application menu) 71 Show Balloons command (Guide menu) 34 Shut Down command (Special menu) 19–20 shutting down the computer 19–20 size box 18 sleep automatic 22, 74 putting the PowerBook to 20–22 waking from 22 Sleep command (Special menu) 21 sleep indicator light 21 slots, PC Card 42–43 Small Computer System Interface.
troubleshooting 83–110.
The Apple Publishing System This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe™ Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and on QMS and Tektronix color printers.
