PowerBook User’s Guide for PowerBook computers Includes setup instructions and important health-related information
K Apple Computer, Inc. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original.
Contents Radio and television interference xiii Turning the PowerBook on and off 12 Off 12 Preface How to Use This Book xv Sleep 13 On 14 n Part I Getting Started With Your Computer 1 Chapter 1 Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo 1 Setting up the computer 2 Step 1: Plug in the power adapter 2 Step 2: Open the display 3 Step 3: Turn on the computer 4 What to do next 6 Learning the basics 7 Before you begin 7 Starting the tour 8 On/Off summary 14 When you turn on your computer 15 Restarting a computer that’s
n Part II Learning Macintosh 27 Chapter 2 Working on the Desktop 27 Use the trackball 28 Chapter 3 Creating and Changing a Document 47 Open a program 48 Create a document 49 Point 28 Save your work 49 Click 29 Switch programs 50 Press 30 Close a document 52 Drag 31 Choose a command 32 Giving orders to your computer 32 Open an icon 33 Look at the contents of a window 34 Two types of programs 53 Open a document 53 Change a document 54 Save your work so far 57 Taking a shortcut 58 Make a window the
Chapter 4 Learning More About Your Computer 65 Open the Battery desk accessory 66 Open the PowerBook control panel 66 Use Balloon Help 67 Installing your programs 78 Installing programs without a floppy disk drive 78 Checking for computer viruses 79 Working with several programs at a time 80 Finding out what programs are open 80 Turn on Balloon Help 67 Switching programs 80 Turn off Balloon Help 68 Hiding and showing windows on the desktop 80 Using floppy disks 69 Taking care of floppy disks 69 Floppy
Chapter 6 Power Management 87 Power sources 87 Monitoring the battery charge level 88 Using the Battery desk accessory 88 Responding to low-power messages 89 Recharging the battery 90 Recharging in the computer 90 Recharging in a recharger 91 Recharging in both the computer and a recharger 93 Chapter 7 Using Disks 105 Preparing a new disk for use 105 Initializing a hard disk 105 Initializing a floppy disk 107 Erasing a floppy disk 108 Designating a startup disk 108 Scanning order for startup disks 109 Prot
Chapter 8 Organizing Your Files 117 Chapter 9 Sound, Color, and Video 131 Straightening up your files 117 Setting the beep sound 131 Using folders to organize your files 118 Installing a sound 132 Creating and naming folders 118 Removing a sound 133 Filing documents when you save them 119 Recording sounds 133 Making items easier to find 120 Displaying colors or grays 135 Creating an alias 120 Changing the highlight color or gray 136 Installing an item in the Apple menu 121 Changing the color
Setting the time and date 148 Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off 149 Turning the alarm off 150 Changing time and date formats 150 Changing the date format 151 Changing the time format 152 Chapter 11 Printing 165 Before you print 165 Choosing a printer 165 Selecting Page Setup options 168 Updating printer software on networked computers 169 Printing your work 170 Changing number and currency formats 153 Printing the contents of a window or the desktop 171 Adjusting the way the trackball or mous
Turning on AppleTalk 183 Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk 198 Naming your computer and its owner 184 Preventing specific users or guests from accessing your computer 199 Gaining access to files on shared disks 185 Before you begin 185 Connecting to a shared disk 185 Disconnecting from a shared disk 187 Removing a user from a group 201 Removing a user or group from your list of registered users 201 Connecting quickly to a shared disk 188 Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on
Chapter 13 Building a PowerBook Duo System 215 Using the PowerBook Duo MiniDock 237 Duo MiniDock features 238 Using the PowerBook Duo Dock 215 Setting up the Duo MiniDock 239 Duo Dock features 216 Before you dock 243 Setting up the Duo Dock 218 Connecting the PowerBook Duo to the Duo MiniDock 244 Inserting the PowerBook Duo into the Duo Dock 220 Turning on the PowerBook Duo system 245 Turning on the PowerBook Duo system 221 Working with a PowerBook Duo system 247 Working with a PowerBook Duo sys
Using SCSI disk mode to reinstall system software 263 Quick Reference Summary and Shortcuts 275 Drawing battery power in SCSI disk mode 265 Double-click 275 Quitting SCSI disk mode 265 Shift-click 275 Connecting a modem 266 Working with icons 275 Connecting a printer 267 Selecting icons 275 Connecting sound input and output devices 268 Opening an icon 276 Adding memory to your computer 268 Moving, copying, and renaming an icon 276 Working with windows 276 Chapter 14 Travel, Storage, and Servic
Troubleshooting 281 The PowerBook Duo 281 Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files with MS-DOS Computers 301 The Duo Dock 287 Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format 301 The Duo MiniDock 288 Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 303 SCSI devices 289 Other file-conversion options 305 Disk drives and disks 290 Modems 293 Appendix C Map 307 Printers 293 Setting your location 307 Networks 295 Comparing locations 308 Application programs 296 Finding a location 309 Adding or removing a location 310
Important This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy.
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Preface How to Use This Book Certain kinds of information are not included in this book. n This book has several parts. n n n Chapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learn how to use it. Chapters 2–4 are a tutorial designed for people who have not used a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to the Macintosh, you should read this section of the book before you start your own work.
Chapter 1 Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo n n In this chapter n Setting up your computer n Learning how to use your computer n Turning the computer on and off n Important care and safety instructions n Being comfortable while you work n New Macintosh users: If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, read this entire chapter. It explains how to set up your computer, learn to use it, and turn it on and off.
Setting up the computer Step 1: Plug in the power adapter 2. Plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port on the back panel of the computer. You can keep extra cable out of the way by winding it around the clips that open out from the power adapter. Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s battery while you work. You should plug it in now in case the battery has drained during shipping and storage. s Warning: Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook computer.
Step 2: Open the display n Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display. Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle. You can adjust the angle of the display at any time. continues .
Step 3: Turn on the computer n Turn on the computer by pressing the Power On key above the keyboard. Power On key You hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up. 4 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo When you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen, the computer is ready to use.
Trouble? n n The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen. Adjust the brightness and contrast controls until an image appears and the screen is easy to read. (Some models do not have control buttons to manually adjust the contrast. In these cases, just the brightness controls appear.) Nothing happened when you pressed the Power On key. Make sure the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source.
n You see a blinking question mark icon on the screen. What to do next n n This icon means that you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to start itself up. You received a set of system software disks in the box with your computer. For instructions, see the chapter on installing system software in the reference section of this book.
Learning the basics Before you begin The PowerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you start using your computer as quickly as possible. Make sure your computer is turned on. If the screen is dark, try the following steps in order until you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen. n n The Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you need to master before you can use your computer.
Starting the tour 1. Roll the trackball to move the arrow pointer around on the screen. Place the index finger of your dominant hand on the trackball and the thumb of the same hand on the lower trackball button. Don’t press either button yet. Watch the arrow on the screen while you roll the trackball, and notice that the arrow moves in the same direction that you roll the trackball. You may need to roll the trackball around for a few seconds to “break in” the mechanism so it works smoothly.
2. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture labeled “Macintosh HD.” v Different name? The picture on your screen may be labeled “PowerBook HD” instead of “Macintosh HD.” The different name is not important; you can still follow directions in this manual by replacing references to “Macintosh HD” with “PowerBook HD.” v Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over the words “Macintosh HD.” 3.
4. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the folder labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.” 5. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following illustration: The items in the illustration below may not exactly match those on your screen. The only item you need right now is the Macintosh Basics folder. 6.
7. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following picture: 8. Follow the instructions on the screen and work through the tour. When you finish the tour, continue with “Turning the PowerBook On and Off ” and read the rest of this chapter for information that can help you use your computer safely and efficiently. Then turn to Chapter 2 and begin the tutorial.
Turning the PowerBook on and off To turn the PowerBook off Your PowerBook can be in one of three power states: off, sleep, or on. n If the computer is on, choose the Shut Down command from the Special menu. (The Macintosh Basics tour teaches how to choose a menu command.) Off When the PowerBook is off, the computer is not using any power or doing any work. The terms shut down and off both refer to this state.
Sleep When the PowerBook is in sleep, it draws enough power to maintain the information in its memory (including any open programs and documents). The computer is on, but almost completely inactive. Put the computer to sleep to n connect it to a PowerBook Duo MiniDock or a PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter n change the battery n conserve power during your work breaks n To put the PowerBook to sleep n If the computer is on, choose the Sleep command from the Special menu.
On n When the PowerBook is on, you can do your work. To turn the PowerBook Duo on n If the computer is off, press the Power On key. In an emergency, you can turn the computer on by pressing the power button on the back panel. Don’t use the power button routinely. If the computer is in sleep rather than off, pressing the power button will turn the computer off, and you will lose any work you did not save.
When you turn on your computer When you turn on your PowerBook, the computer looks on the hard disk inside the computer for the system software it uses to start itself up. (A disk that contains the system software is called a startup disk.) When the computer finds the system software, it displays the icon shown and proceeds to start itself up. Menu bar Startup disk icon Trash icon When the startup process is complete, the Macintosh desktop appears on the screen.
Restarting a computer that’s already on You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again immediately—when you want to make certain changes to your control panels, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer from a different disk. n To restart your computer, choose Restart from the Special menu. You also need to restart if you see a “system error” message on the screen (indicating a temporary software problem).
n Press the power button, wait a second, and then press it again. This procedure also has the effect of turning the computer off and back on. Turning the computer off with the power button removes a RAM disk and its contents. n If you have a floppy disk drive, restart from a floppy disk. 1. Insert the Disk Tools disk into the floppy disk drive. 2. Press the Power On key. If the computer turns on, there is probably a problem with your hard disk.
Important care and safety instructions m Always handle batteries carefully. For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others. m Do not drop, puncture, disassemble, mutilate, or incinerate the battery. ± Warning m Transport batteries either inside the computer or in the protective case provided with each battery. Do not transport unprotected batteries.
s Caution m If you have a problem with your computer and nothing presented in the manuals that came with the computer solves the problem, take the computer to your Apple-authorized dealer or service provider. Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the Limited Warranty. Contact your Appleauthorized dealer or service provider for additional information about this or any other warranty question. m Do not attempt to open the computer’s case. There are no user-serviceable parts inside.
m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. S Important m Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard, and the trackball. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer, shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much got into the computer, you may have to bring the computer to an Apple-authorized service provider for cleaning.
Health-related information about computer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist.
This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems, proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element of a healthy lifestyle.
Keyboard and trackball n n When you use the keyboard and trackball, your shoulders should be relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line. Use a light touch when typing or using the trackball and keep your hands and fingers relaxed. When using the trackball, avoid rolling your thumbs under your palms.
n If you prefer, you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by rotating the elevation feet at both ends of the back panel until they snap into position. Built-in display n n Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare and reflections from overhead lights and windows.
External monitor Avoiding fatigue If you use an external monitor, this suggestion may be helpful. n n If possible, arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below your eye level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28 inches (45 to 70 cm). n n n Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.
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Chapter 2 Working on the Desktop In this chapter Before you begin You should have already n Review basic trackball skills: n n Moving the pointer n Choosing a command n Opening an icon n Looking at the contents of a window set up your computer according to the instructions in Chapter 1 gone through the Macintosh Basics tour supplied with your computer Make sure your computer is on.
Use the trackball Point Your computer has a two-button trackball. You use the ball itself to control the movements of a pointer on the screen. The pointer you’ll see most often is an arrow (8). You point to an object on the screen by rolling the trackball so the pointer is positioned over that object. When the pointer is an arrow, the tip of the arrow must be exactly over the object. You use the buttons to initiate actions that you want the computer to perform. Both trackball buttons do the same thing.
Click You click an object on the screen by pressing and quickly releasing a trackball button while the pointer is over that object. Practice clicking different objects on the Macintosh desktop, such as the startup hard disk icon near the upper-right corner and the Trash icon near the lower-right corner. When you click an icon, it becomes highlighted (the icon is darkened). A highlighted icon is said to be selected. A selected icon is the object of whatever action you choose next.
Press You press by holding down a trackball button without moving the trackball. 30 Chapter 2: Working on the Desktop Practice pressing the menu names and icons in the menu bar— start with the Apple (K) menu icon at the left side, through the menu names, and across to the Help and Application menu icons at the right side. Pressing a menu name or icon “pulls down” the menu. Read the items in each menu you pull down.
Drag You drag an object on the screen by pointing to that object and holding down a trackball button while you roll the trackball. Practice dragging the startup hard disk icon and the Trash icon around the Macintosh desktop. When you drag an icon, an outline of the icon follows the pointer on the screen. When you release the trackball button, the icon itself moves. When you’re finished practicing, drag the icons back to their original positions. Then click once in the middle of the desktop.
Choose a command Choosing a command involves using a combination of the trackball actions you’ve reviewed. 1. Point to the Special menu title in the menu bar. Giving orders to your computer Telling the PowerBook to do something involves two steps: 1. selecting an object on the screen, and 2. Press to pull down the Special menu. 2. choosing the action you want to perform on that object. 3.
Open an icon Opening an icon is your first exercise in telling the computer what you want it to do. 1. Click the startup hard disk icon to select it. The icon is in the upper-right corner of the screen. Unless someone has changed its name, the icon is called “Macintosh HD” (or “PowerBook HD”). Make sure that the icon is highlighted (darkened), which means that it’s selected. When you choose the Open command, the selected icon opens into a window (in this case, the Macintosh HD window).
Look at the contents of a window Every window has several features that help you view the window’s contents. But before you can work with the contents of a window, you need to make that window the active window. 1. Click the Trash icon near the lower-right corner of the screen to select it. Make sure that the icon is highlighted, which means that it’s selected to be the object you’ll act upon next.
4. Drag to the Open command so it becomes highlighted, and then release the trackball button. When you choose the Open command, the Trash icon opens into a window (the Trash window). The Trash icon becomes filled in with a pattern of dots, indicating that it has been opened. Active window You should now have two windows on your Macintosh desktop: the Macintosh HD window and the Trash window. The Trash window is the active window. An active window has a series of solid lines at the top of the window.
5. Click anywhere in the Macintosh HD window to make it the active window. Notice that the solid lines now appear at the top of the Macintosh HD window. (The area containing the window title and the solid lines is called the title bar.) When windows overlap, the active window is the one that’s on top. Active window Make a window larger or smaller Sometimes you want to make a window larger, so you can see more of its contents, or smaller, so it takes up less space on your screen.
2. Drag the size box in any direction, and then release the trackball button. 3. Click the zoom box near the right end of the title bar. Zoom box While you drag, an outline follows the pointer to indicate the window’s new size. The new size takes effect when you release the trackball button. The window “zooms” to a size that shows all the items in the window. 4. Click the zoom box again. The window zooms back to its previous size (the size that you chose in step 2).
Move the hidden contents of a window into view 2. Point to the File menu title in the menu bar. As you work with your computer, you’ll encounter windows containing more than you can view on the screen at one time. You can view contents that are out of sight, as described in the following steps. 3. Press to pull down the File menu. 1. Check that the Macintosh HD window is active, then click the System Folder to select it. 4.
6. Drag the size box diagonally (up and to the left) to make the window about half its current size, and then release the trackball button. 7. Press the scroll arrow at the right end of the horizontal scroll bar. Scroll arrow The contents of the window scroll past, bringing into view the icons that were out of sight on the right. Vertical scroll bar 8. Press the scroll arrow at the left end of the horizontal scroll bar.
9. Drag the scroll box toward the middle of the horizontal scroll bar, and then release the trackball button. Close a window When you no longer need to see the contents of a window, you can close it by clicking the close box. Scroll box 1. In the (active) System Folder window, point to the close box near the left end of the title bar. Close box Now you see the icons near the middle of the window. The vertical scroll bar, scroll box, and scroll arrows work the same way. Try them. 2. Click the close box.
Move a window You can move a window anywhere on the screen by dragging its title bar. By changing the position and size of windows, you can arrange your Macintosh desktop in whatever way is best for you. Notice how the Macintosh HD window, because it is the active window, stays on top of the Trash window if and when the two windows overlap. 1. Point to the title bar of the (active) Macintosh HD window. Position the pointer anywhere on the title bar except over the close box or the zoom box. Title bar 3.
The window closes, and the Macintosh HD icon reappears in its previous form. The Trash window (the remaining window on the Macintosh desktop) becomes the active window. 4. Close the Trash window by choosing Close Window from the File menu. What’s on the desktop? Just as a desk’s large flat surface is its work space, the Macintosh “desktop” is the work space on your computer. The desktop metaphor gives you a familiar way of thinking about how to use the PowerBook.
Different types of icons represent different types of containers. Hard disks and floppy disks are like filing cabinets. You use disks to store files—your programs and the documents you create with them. Folders are like folders in a file drawer. You use folders to organize your files. Programs are files containing instructions to the computer that let you do certain types of work. Shared disks are like filing cabinets containing office supplies or information that you share with others in your work group.
Documents are files containing words, pictures, numbers, sounds—whatever you create with your programs. Windows let you see what’s inside containers Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers. When you open a disk icon, the window that appears shows you what’s on the disk. When you open the document icon representing a memo, the window that appears shows you the memo. Changing the size of a window or viewing its contents does not change the contents.
Using the keyboard Arrow keys You use the keyboard to type text and numbers, just as you would on a typewriter. (For touch typists, your keyboard has raised dots in the middle of the D key and the K key to help position your fingers on the home row.) All Macintosh keyboards have four arrow keys: Up Arrow, Down Arrow, Left Arrow, and Right Arrow. Many programs let you use the arrow keys as well as the trackball to move the pointer on the screen.
Chapter 3 Creating and Changing a Document In this chapter n What “keyboard shortcuts” are and how to use them n How to quit a program n How to make a copy of a document n How to change the name of a document n How to use the Trash n How to open a program n How to use a program to create a document Before you begin n Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save it Make sure that your computer is on.
Open a program Your computer comes with a simple word-processing program called TeachText. You’re going to use this program to create a document. 1. Open the Macintosh HD (or PowerBook HD) icon. (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from the File menu.) The Macintosh HD window appears, showing you the contents of your hard disk. The contents include the TeachText program. When you open the TeachText program, there is one dramatic change on your desktop: n A window called “Untitled” appears.
Create a document Save your work The untitled window is like a blank sheet of paper. In the upper-left corner of the empty document is a blinking vertical line (9). This line is called the insertion point, because it marks the place where the text you type will be inserted. Work that you do in a program exists only in the computer’s memory until you save it onto a disk.
2. Type “Opening Lines”. Switch programs You can have several programs open on your Macintosh desktop at one time (how many depends on how much memory your computer has and how much memory the programs use). But only one program at a time can be the active program. The active program is the one that’s “on top of ” other open programs—in the same way that the active window is on top of other windows. The Opening Lines window is now the active window, and TeachText is the active program.
2. Make the Finder the active program by clicking the Macintosh HD icon, or clicking anywhere on the desktop outside the Opening Lines window. The Finder becomes the active program. Notice: n n n The Macintosh HD window appears on top of the Opening Lines window. The menu bar shows the Finder’s menu titles. The Application menu icon at the right end of the menu bar becomes the Finder icon. 3. Make the Opening Lines window active by clicking anywhere inside it.
You choose Finder by pointing to the Application menu icon, pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to highlight the name Finder, and then releasing the trackball button. The Finder becomes the active program, and the Macintosh HD window becomes the active window. 5. Make TeachText the active program by choosing TeachText from the Application menu. Close a document When you close a document, you do not close the program that you used to create it. (Closing a program is called quitting.
Two types of programs Programs that you use to do your work on the computer are called application programs, or applications, because they’re ways of applying computer technology to the work that you do. Word-processing programs, for example, are applications that enable you to write memos, novels, or whatever you need to write.
2. Open the Opening Lines icon by double-clicking it. Change a document The Opening Lines window shows you the text you typed. In this section you’ll make some changes to the text using techniques that work in most Macintosh programs. Keep two things in mind: n To double-click an icon, you click it twice in rapid succession without moving the pointer. (Use the trackball to position the pointer over the icon, and then click one of the trackball buttons twice.
3. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “people” (after “All”). 6. Move the I-beam pointer between the word “equal” and the period (to the immediate left of the period). 4. Drag horizontally, selecting the word “people”, and then release the trackball button. 7. Click the trackball button once. To drag, hold the trackball button down while you roll the trackball. The selected word is highlighted (surrounded by black).
Now you’ll rearrange some text. 9. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “they” (after “conscience,”). 12. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “Endowed”. 10. Drag horizontally, selecting the word “they”, and then release the trackball button. 13. Click to place the insertion point. 14. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. 11. With “they” selected, choose Cut from the Edit menu.
15. Press the space bar once, type “are”, and then press the space bar once again. Save your work so far The changes you’ve made so far are not part of Opening Lines until you save them. You save them by telling the computer to record them in the Opening Lines document that’s stored on your hard disk. 16. Move the I-beam pointer between the letters t and h in the word “they”. It’s important to remember that no change is “official” until you save it onto a disk.
Taking a shortcut You can choose some menu commands by using the keyboard instead of the trackball. A keyboard shortcut is a combination of keys that you press at the same time to get the same result as choosing a command from a menu. One of the keys you press is always the x key or another modifier key. Make more changes The changes you’ve made so far are now part of the document that’s stored on your hard disk. 1. Move the I-beam pointer (9) between the letters E and n in the word “Endowed”.
5. Press the Delete key once, press the space bar once, and then type “and”. 8. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate right of the “each other”. Do not drag. Do not click the trackball button yet. 9. Hold down the Shift key on your keyboard and click to select the words “each other”. 6. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of “each other”. Holding down the Shift key while you click selects the text between the insertion point and wherever you click. 10.
11. Select the word “togetherness” by double-clicking it. Quit a program Quitting a program closes the program as well as any open documents that were created using that program. (Simply closing a document leaves the program open and active.) 1. Make sure that the Opening Lines window is active. To select a word by double-clicking it, position the I-beam pointer over the word and then click twice in rapid succession, without moving the pointer. 2. Quit the TeachText program.
Opening and closing documents and programs Doing this Also causes this Opening a document Opens the program that created that document Making a document window active Makes the program that “owns” that document active Closing a document Simply closes that document; does not close the program that created that document (the program continues to use memory) Quitting a program Prompts you to save your work, then closes the program that created the active document (memory becomes available for other pr
3. Choose Duplicate from the File menu. Change the name of an icon You can change the name of any icon, using any characters except a colon (:). If you change an icon’s name and then open it, you’ll see that the name of its window has also changed. 1. Drag the “Opening Lines copy” icon away from the original icon so that the two icons do not overlap. 2. Click the name (not the icon) “Opening Lines copy.” Do this even if the icon is already selected.
3. With the name selected, type “Article 1”. Whatever you type replaces the selected text. 4. Press the Return key. Pressing Return saves the new name. Use the Trash When you no longer need a file or a folder, you can throw it away by dragging its icon to the Trash. Practice using the Trash by throwing away the “Article 1” document, which you created when you made a copy of the “Opening Lines” document. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now.
2. Drag the Article 1 icon to the Trash icon until both icons are highlighted, and then release the trackball button. If the Macintosh HD window is blocking the Trash icon, move the window by dragging its title bar. Both icons are highlighted when the tip of the arrow pointer reaches the Trash icon. 3. Open the Trash icon. (Click to select the icon, and then choose Open from the File menu, or click the Trash twice in quick succession.) The Trash window appears.
Chapter 4 Learning More About Your PowerBook In this chapter n How to open the Battery desk accessory n How to open the PowerBook control panel n How to use the Balloon Help system n How to use floppy disks n Before you begin Make sure that your computer is on. This short chapter introduces you to the Battery desk accessory and the PowerBook control panel, with which you can monitor and control your computer’s power consumption.
Open the Battery desk accessory Open the PowerBook control panel The Battery desk accessory tells you approximately how much power is left in the battery as you use the computer. The PowerBook control panel lets you control the balance between power consumption and system performance (it also lets you control other PowerBook features). To open the Battery desk accessory: n Choose Battery from the Apple (K) menu. To open the PowerBook control panel: 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.
2. Open the PowerBook icon. Use Balloon Help Balloon Help explains icons, menus, commands, and other objects on your PowerBook’s screen, using balloons similar to those in comic strips. Each balloon points to the object it explains. Many Macintosh programs also have Balloon Help. (Click the icon once to select it, then choose Open from the File menu. Or double-click the icon.) The PowerBook control panel appears in Easy View.
4. To show a balloon describing your startup hard disk, point to the hard disk icon. A balloon appears next to the icon. Balloons do not affect how you work with your computer. You still select icons, choose commands, and so on. Turn off Balloon Help Balloons can block items on the screen as you work, so you may wish to turn them off when you’re finished reading. m Choose Hide Balloons from the Help menu. 5. Click your hard disk icon to select it. You can select the icon even with the balloon showing. 6.
Using floppy disks Your computer does not have a floppy disk drive built in, but you can connect it to a floppy disk drive. (For instructions, go to the chapter on expanding your computer system.) When you connect your computer to a floppy disk drive, you can use two types of 3.5-inch (89-millimeter) floppy disks: n n Taking care of floppy disks Follow the care instructions that came with your disks, and remember three key points: n high-density disks (marked with the icon Ó), which can hold up to 1.
Floppy disks and hard disks 10,000 pages Both floppy disks and hard disks function like filing cabinets: you use them to store information. You can store much more on a hard disk than on a floppy disk, however, and the computer can retrieve information from a hard disk much faster. 5,000 pages Floppy disks and hard disks are represented by different icons.
Inserting a floppy disk What next? 1. Hold the disk with your thumb on the label and the metal shutter pointing away from you. Congratulations. If you’ve gone through the Macintosh Basics tour and Parts I and II of this book, you’ve seen and practiced all the basic skills you need to use your computer productively. 2. Push the disk into the floppy disk drive, label side up and metal shutter first.
Chapter 5 Setting Up Your Programs If your PowerBook cannot find a startup disk, it displays this icon in the middle of the screen: In this chapter m Installing or updating system software m Installing your programs m Working with several programs at a time m Using the Scrapbook m Using a RAM disk Installing or updating system software System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use.
Before you install Installing system software You use the Installer program to install, reinstall, or update system software on a startup disk. If you have access to the system software on a network, open the Installer program and then follow this procedure, beginning with step 4. To install system software from another hard disk or a desktop Macintosh, see the chapter on expanding your computer system.
4. Click OK. 5. Make sure that the hard disk named in the box is the one you want to install system software on. The Easy Install dialog box appears. Parts of system software to be installed Click to install on a different disk. If it isn’t, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears. 6. Click Install. 7. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. If you are installing from floppy disks, you see messages asking you to insert different disks. 8.
Installing customized system software Custom installation allows you to select a combination of system files for your specific needs. You can also use custom installation to install or update a single file, or to save space on your hard disk by installing only the files you want. To install from floppy disks, begin with step 1; to install over a network, open the Installer program and begin with step 4. Make sure the system software you’re using is compatible with your computer. 1. Shut down your PowerBook.
S Important: Be sure to install the files that your PowerBook uses to communicate with the printer, network, and other equipment it is connected to. S 8. Click Install. 9. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. If you are installing from floppy disks, you may see messages asking you to insert different disks. 10. When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Quit. If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again.
Installing your programs Most application programs come on floppy disks, and you install them by simply copying them from the floppy disks to your hard disk. Some programs need to be installed in a particular way. If your program came with specific instructions, follow them. To use your programs most effectively: m Put only one copy of each program on your hard disk. Having more than one copy can lead to problems when you’re using the program.
Checking for computer viruses Viruses—programs that damage files or erase disks—can be introduced into your computer from a floppy disk, from a shared disk on a network, or from an electronic bulletin board service. Programs that detect and eliminate viruses are available from user groups, bulletin boards, and dealers. You should check for viruses frequently if you exchange disks or data with other users. Some programs check for viruses automatically.
Working with several programs at a time Switching programs You can open as many programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows. You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.
Changing the amount of memory a program uses Each program you open sets aside the amount of memory it needs. (If you don’t have enough memory to open a program, you need to quit one of the programs already open to free up some memory.) If you want to be able to open more programs, decrease the minimum size. If you type a size smaller than “Suggested size,” the program may work more slowly, show other performance problems, or not work at all.
4. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. Using the Scrapbook You can use the Scrapbook to store text, graphics, sounds, and other elements that you frequently include in your documents. The new element is pasted ahead of the one previously displayed. Storing items in the Scrapbook: Copying items from the Scrapbook: 1. In your document, select the text or other element that you want to store in the Scrapbook. 1. Choose Scrapbook from the Apple (K) menu. 2. Choose Copy from the Edit menu. 2.
Using a RAM disk Creating a RAM disk A RAM disk is a portion of your computer’s memory that you set aside for use as a temporary storage device. Using a RAM disk conserves power because the computer uses less energy to access RAM than to access a hard disk or a floppy disk. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. To use a RAM disk, you should have at least 4 MB of RAM in your computer because memory assigned to a RAM disk is not available for opening programs. 2.
5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. A RAM disk icon appears on the desktop when the computer restarts. 6. Drag the items you want to the RAM disk icon. Resizing or removing a RAM disk 1. Copy any programs or documents that you want to save onto the internal hard disk or a floppy disk. If you want to resize a RAM disk, you need to remove its contents and then restore them. Erasing a RAM disk 2. Drag everything in the RAM disk to the Trash. There are two ways to erase the contents of a RAM disk.
Making a RAM disk the startup disk If you have 6 MB or more of memory, you can make a RAM disk your startup disk. The RAM disk is now your startup disk. Be sure to keep a System Folder on your hard disk as well, in case the contents of the RAM disk are erased. Also, keep a copy of the RAM disk contents on another disk. (Don’t keep two System Folders on a single disk.) 1. Create a RAM disk. 2. Locate and open the Installer program on the Install Me First disk.
Chapter 6 Power Management In this chapter n Checking the battery level n Responding to low-power messages n Recharging the battery n Removing or replacing the battery n Maximizing battery life n Getting the most work time out of the battery Power sources Your computer can draw its operating power from two different sources. You choose which power source to use. n n Main battery: Your computer’s main power source is a nickel-metal-hydride battery.
Monitoring the battery charge level The main battery provides power for up to 6 hours of work (the exact time depends on how often you use the hard disk, how bright the screen is, and other factors). Use the Battery desk accessory to monitor the charge level of the battery so you can recharge it when necessary. Using the Battery desk accessory To open the Battery desk accessory, choose Battery from the Apple menu. 88 Chapter 6: Power Management The Battery desk accessory appears.
When you click the lever to the right of the battery gauge, a Sleep button appears. Lever Responding to low-power messages When the battery charge drops to about 15%, the computer displays three messages telling you that your computer is running on low battery power. You have about 10–30 minutes of work time remaining after you see the first message, so you have time to finish what you’re doing before recharging.
The second message is followed by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. When time is up, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. Some functions (such as modem connections) are interrupted when the computer goes to sleep. It’s a good idea to save your work when you see the first two lowpower messages to make sure you don’t lose data.
Recharging in a recharger A battery recharger and additional batteries are available as options for your computer. If you purchase a recharger and an extra battery, you can charge one battery while you use the other, so you always have a fully charged battery on hand. The recharger can accommodate two batteries. The battery slots work independently, so you can put batteries in or take them out at different times. The recharger must be plugged into an electrical outlet to charge a battery.
To recharge a battery, follow these steps. 1. Place the recharger on a level surface. 2. Connect the recharger and the power adapter as shown in the illustration. S Important: To preserve a battery’s charge, don’t leave it in the recharger if the power adapter is not plugged into an electrical outlet. S The lights on the recharger indicate the following: n No light: The recharger is not plugged in, or the battery is defective. (If the light goes off during recharging, there is a problem with the battery.
Recharging in both the computer and a recharger You can use a single power adapter to run both the PowerBook Duo and the battery recharger at the same time. If the PowerBook is on and contains a battery that is not fully charged, the computer charges the internal battery first. The external battery does not begin charging until the internal battery is fully charged. If you are still using the computer at that point, it takes a little over 2 hours for a fully depleted external battery to charge.
Removing or replacing the battery n n If the power adapter is plugged in: You can use the computer indefinitely without a battery as long as the power adapter is plugged in. 3. Open the battery door by pressing the small button and sliding the door in the direction indicated by the arrow. The door is physically attached to the battery.
6. Close the battery door by pushing it back into place. Maximizing battery life and work time S Important: Check to make sure the battery is properly inserted (the battery should be aligned with the computer and the battery door completely closed). If a battery is not inserted correctly, you may have performance problems. S To maximize battery life, discharge and then recharge the battery completely once every 30 days.
Disposing of dead batteries S Important: Nickel-metal-hydride batteries contain metals that can be reclaimed and reused. Instead of throwing away dead batteries, please dispose of them as described here. In the United States: Return dead batteries to your Appleauthorized service provider, who will make sure they are included in Apple’s battery recycling program. Elsewhere: Many countries have government- or Applesponsored collection and/or recycling programs for dead batteries.
Reconditioning the battery If you have a PowerBook Duo 270c, you can extend your battery’s life by reconditioning your battery once every 30 days using Battery Reconditioning, which is on the system software disk labeled Disk Tools. A message appears on the screen describing battery reconditioning. If you don’t have your PowerBook plugged in, a message appears telling you to plug it in. 4. Read the message on the screen and click OK.
If 30 days have not passed since the last time you reconditioned, the following appears on the screen. You can quit the Battery Reconditioning application at any time by pressing the period key and the x (Command) key at the same time. Also, if you unplug your PowerBook during reconditioning, it quits. Your battery is not reconditioned if you quit in the middle of the reconditioning cycle. Click Quit to exit the Battery Reconditioning application.
Maximizing work time Your PowerBook’s battery can provide from 2 to 6 hours of work time before you need to recharge it. The actual work time available depends on what equipment you’re using with your computer and what steps you take to conserve power while you work. n n n Ways to conserve battery power The more of these steps you take, the longer you can use your battery before recharging it. n n n Turn down the screen brightness whenever possible.
Adjusting the battery conservation settings The PowerBook control panel gives you several ways to regulate your computer’s power consumption. The easiest approach Just use the Battery Conservation slider to choose the setting you prefer. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu, and open the PowerBook control panel. The PowerBook control panels opens in Easy View. You can also choose Custom View for more detailed options. For a description of Custom view, see the next page. 2.
More about automatic sleep and screen dimming Using the Custom options The Battery Conservation slider controls three different power conservation features: system sleep, hard disk sleep and screen dimming. The PowerBook control panel includes a switch labeled Easy/Custom. Slide the switch to Custom for more options that affect your computer’s power consumption. n n n System sleep is a state in which your computer uses only the power it needs to maintain the contents of RAM.
Battery Conservation settings Processor cycling You can set the battery conservation slider between better conservation and better performance just as you did in the PowerBook control panel’s Easy view. In Custom view, three sliders controlling the times before the system sleep, the backlight dims and the hard disk spins down appear. Notice as you drag the main battery conservation slider, the three time sliders change.
You may notice other effects of processor cycling. For example, if you have open programs doing something in the background, processor cycling may slow those programs down. You may also notice that the Alarm Clock is updated irregularly or that the wristwatch pointer appears more often. These changes do not indicate a problem with your computer. S Important: To conserve battery power, turn processor cycling off only when using programs that it interferes with.
Power Conservation To adjust the power conservation settings, follow these steps. Your PowerBook keeps track of what power source you are using and can change the settings to maximize battery conservation and performance depending on whether you are using a battery or a power adapter. If you unplug your PowerBook and are running using the battery, the power conservation settings change to conserve battery power. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu, and open the PowerBook control panel.
Chapter 7 Using Disks In this chapter Preparing a new disk for use Before you can use a new disk, you need to prepare it so the computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is called initializing (or formatting) the disk.
1. Insert Disk Tools and turn on your computer. 2. Locate the Apple HD SC Setup icon and open it. You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program. 4. Click Initialize. 5. Click Init to initialize the hard disk. 6. If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK. The name of the hard disk currently selected is shown as the “volume name.
Initializing a floppy disk Initializing a new floppy disk prepares the disk to store information. 1. Insert a new floppy disk into your floppy disk drive. If you inserted a high-density disk (1.4 MB), this message appears: 2. If you inserted a high-density disk, click Initialize. If you inserted a double-sided disk, click Two-Sided. A message alerts you that you’re about to erase any information that may be on the floppy disk. A new floppy disk has no information on it. 3. Click Erase.
Erasing a floppy disk Designating a startup disk Erasing a disk actually reinitializes it. If you use more than one hard disk with your computer, you can specify which hard disk you want the computer to use as the startup disk. (A startup disk must have a System Folder on it that contains the correct version of the system software.) s Warning: When you erase a disk, you lose any information that was on the disk. s 1. Click the icon of the disk you want to erase. 2.
Scanning order for startup disks Protecting the information on a disk When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk (a disk containing a System Folder) in the following sequence: The information on a locked floppy disk or in a locked file can be opened or copied but cannot be changed. 1. internal floppy disk drive (if any) 2. external floppy disk drive (if any) 3. disk (or RAM disk) selected in the Startup Disk control panel 4. internal hard disk 5.
Locking a file 4. Close the Info window. You use the Get Info command to lock a document or a program. Locking a program may affect its operation. To unlock the file, click the Locked box again (so the X disappears). 1. Click the icon of the file you want to lock. You can’t lock a folder, but you can lock items in a folder. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. Locking an alias does not lock the original file. Locking an alias merely protects it from being thrown away. 3.
Backing up your files If you can’t save files on a floppy disk Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals. If you can’t save files on a floppy disk, the disk may be locked, full, or damaged, or the disk drive may not be working properly. Try the following: n n n n n You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them onto floppy disks. You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk, or to a hard disk.
Ejecting a disk If you can’t eject a floppy disk You can eject a floppy disk by doing any of the following: If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order: n Click the disk icon to select it and choose Put Away from the File menu. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. n Drag the disk icon to the Trash. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. (Dragging a disk to the Trash does not erase the disk’s contents.
Caring for disks Testing and repairing disks For information on floppy disk care, see the section on working with disks in Part II of this book, or consult the instructions that came with your floppy disks. Both floppy disks and hard disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling. If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you can use Disk First Aid or Apple HD SC Setup to try to diagnose and correct the problem.
n n If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and its cable is connected firmly; then restart the PowerBook. Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer. Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID number 7, and the internal hard disk has the number 0). Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. (See the chapter on enhancing your computer system for information about setting SCSI ID numbers and checking termination.
3. Click the Drive button until the name of the disk you want to test appears. Click the Eject button if you want to insert a different floppy disk. 4. Click Open. 5. Choose Repair Automatically from the Options menu. 6. Click the Start button to begin testing the disk. 7. When testing and repair are finished, choose Quit from the File menu. If you want to test another disk, choose Close from the File menu, then select and open another disk (repeat steps 3–7).
Testing a hard disk 4. Click Test. You can test a hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the system software disk labeled Disk Tools. 5. When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit. 1. Insert Disk Tools in the floppy disk drive and start up your computer. 2. Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon. 3. Click the Drive button until the disk you want appears.
Chapter 8 Organizing Your Files Straightening up your files In this chapter To accomplish this . . . Do this . . .
Using folders to organize your files Creating and naming folders Macintosh folders, like the paper folders in a file cabinet, can be used to store and organize your work. You can place one folder inside another to create a hierarchy of files. You can create a new folder whenever the Finder is the active program. A new folder appears in the active window (or on the desktop if no window is active). The name is already selected. Hard disk Budgets 1. Choose New Folder from the File menu. Proposals 2.
Filing documents when you save them The first time you save a document (or whenever you choose Save As to create another version of that document), a directory dialog box appears. A directory is the list of files and folders contained in a folder or on a disk. You use this box to name your document and indicate where to store it. Directory dialog boxes vary slightly from program to program, but all share certain features. Use this pop-up menu to see the directory of a higher-level folder or disk.
Making items easier to find Uses for aliases Your PowerBook provides several ways to make a file, folder, or other item easy to find and open. You can Alias for Location Purpose Any item that could be stored in several places Everywhere the item belongs You can get access to an item from several places. Apple Menu Items folder On the desktop You can easily add or remove Apple menu items.
Locating the original of an alias Installing an item in the Apple menu An alias’s Info window shows the location of the original. You can install any item in the Apple menu, and then open the item by choosing it from the menu. 1. Select the alias whose original you want to find. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 1. Open the System Folder icon and locate the Apple Menu Items folder. 2. Drag the item you want to install (or its alias) into the Apple Menu Items folder.
2. Type the name (or part of the name) of the item you want to find. Finding an item When the Finder is the active program, you can use the Find command in the File menu to find any item on any disk connected to your computer. (The Find command cannot locate items inside the System file. You need to open the System file to see its contents.) Finding an item by name 1. Choose Find from the File menu. The dialog box that appears lets you find an item by name.
Finding an item using other criteria The content of the middle pop-up menu and the text area vary according to the item selected in the left pop-up menu. You can use the Find command to find items by size, label, date, or other characteristics. 3. Choose an item from the left pop-up menu. 1. Choose Find from the File menu. 4. Choose an item from the middle pop-up menu. 2. If you see a button labeled More Choices, click the button. 5.
6. Choose a search location from the pop-up menu labeled Search. 8. Click the Find button when you’ve finished selecting options. The first matching item is shown highlighted in a Finder window. To see the next matching item, choose Find Again from the File menu. If the item is found on the desktop, a message appears. If no item is found, you hear an alert sound. When you display items all at once, they are shown highlighted in an outline view. Location for the search 7.
Finding items that meet two criteria Ways to use the Find command You can locate items that meet two sets of criteria, such as all items created before a certain date and larger than a certain size. The Find command can help you locate files quickly, organize documents, and develop an efficient system for backing up and archiving your work. 1. Choose the first criterion. 2. Click the “all at once” box so that an X appears. This characteristic Can be used to locate Name 1.
Creating a template or stationery Most documents can be saved as or converted into a stationery pad, which is a template form of the document. The template retains its format and content, and you can use it repeatedly as a master for similar documents with different content. Many programs let you save a document as a stationery pad when you choose Save or Save As. Click the stationery pad option to save your document as a template.
4. Close the Info window. The document icon now appears as a stationery pad icon. When you open a stationery pad, an untitled window appears showing the contents of the stationery, or a dialog box appears asking you to name the new document. Using the Info window The Get Info command displays information about a selected item. 1. Click to select the item you want information about. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu.
Using the View menu Assigning a label to a file You can use the View menu to display the contents of a window by icon or small icon, or you can list items according to various characteristics such as name, size, or kind. (You can use the Views control panel to change how files are listed and what information is included in the list. See the chapter on adapting your computer to your own use.) You can add a label and its associated color (or shade of gray) to a file.
Tips on transferring files You can transfer files from your computer’s internal hard disk in the following ways: m Over a network You can connect your computer to a network and transfer files over the network. For information, see the networking chapter. m Over telephone lines If your computer is connected to a modem or has a modem installed, you can transfer files over telephone lines using an appropriate communications program. For more information, see the chapter on expanding your computer system.
Chapter 9 Sound, Color, and Video In this chapter m Setting the beep sound Setting the beep sound Many programs have the computer make a sound when your attention is required or when you’re attempting an action that the computer cannot perform at that time. m Installing a sound You can choose the type of beep sound that you want your computer to make. You can also set the sound’s volume. m Removing a sound 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. m Recording sounds 2.
3. Click the beep sound that you want your computer to use. Installing a sound Your computer comes with several beep sounds. You can get additional sounds from various sources. m To install a sound, you drag its icon to the System Folder icon (not the System Folder window). The sound is automatically installed in the System file, where it belongs. When you click a sound to select it, it’s played at the current volume setting. 4. Drag the slider up or down to set the volume.
Removing a sound Recording sounds You can remove sounds in the Sound control panel. Make sure you have a backup copy of the sounds on floppy disk. (To copy a sound, you can open the System file to see its icon.) If your computer has a built-in microphone, or a sound input port (X), you can record a sound and add it to the Sound control panel. (See the chapter on expanding your computer system for information on connecting a microphone or other audio source.) 1.
5. Click the Add button. 10. Type a name for the sound, and click OK. 6. Get ready to record, then click the Record button. Recording begins immediately. You have ten seconds to record your sound. There is no volume control. The new sound appears in the Sound control panel. Its icon also appears in the System file. 7. Click Stop to stop recording. 8. To listen to the sound you recorded, click Play. 9. To save the sound you recorded, click Save.
Displaying colors or grays You can designate how many colors or shades of gray you want your monitor to display. (How many colors or grays your computer can display depends on the video capability it has. See the technical specifications of your computer for more information.) You set the number of colors or grays in the Monitors control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 2. Open the Monitors control panel. 3.
Changing the highlight color or gray You can change the color or shade of gray your computer uses to highlight selected text on the screen. You make this adjustment in the Color control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Color control panel. 2. Press the “Highlight color” pop-up menu to open it and drag to choose a color or choose Other. The selected color appears in the “Sample text” box. If you choose Other, a dialog box appears.
3. To change the brightness of the color wheel, drag the scroll box up or down. Changing the color of window borders 4. Click a color on the color wheel to select it. You can change the color of window borders. You make this adjustment in the Color control panel. The new color is displayed in the top half of the square. The current color remains in the bottom half of the square for comparison; you can click there to go back to it. 1.
Changing the background pattern You can change the background pattern that appears on your computer screen in the General Controls panel. You can choose from a variety of patterns provided, or you can create your own design by editing one of the patterns supplied. You can also use the colors or grays you want in the pattern. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the General Controls panel. Color bar appears if your monitor is set to display colors or grays. 2.
4. To edit a pattern, click in the pattern editing area to the left of the sample pattern. Each dot in the square changes color when you click it. Your changes are displayed in the sample pattern. Pattern editing area (magnified view of pattern) Sample pattern Color bar for selecting colors or grays Assigning a color to an icon You can assign a color (or shade of gray) and its associated label to an icon. Labels and colors are a way to group related files (choose By Label from the View menu).
Changing the colors in the Label menu You can change the colors or shades of gray (as well as the labels) in the Label menu. You make these changes in the Labels control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu (K) and open the Labels control panel. 2. Click the color you want to change. A dialog box appears. New color is in top half, current color is in bottom half Circle indicates selected color. Brightness control Numbers correspond to the selected color on the wheel.
3. Click a color on the color wheel to select it. The new color is displayed in the top half of the square. The current color remains in the bottom half of the square for comparison; you can click there to go back to it. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Monitors control panel. 4. To experiment with other colors, drag the pointer around the wheel or click at another point on the wheel. 5. Click OK when you have selected the color or shade of gray you want.
2. Check the ID numbers of your monitors by clicking the Identify button. A large number appears in the center of each monitor’s screen; it corresponds to the number of the icon in the control panel. The ID numbers help you identify which icon represents which monitor. 3. Decide which monitor is your main monitor and drag the menu bar to the top of that monitor icon.
Magnifying the screen image The CloseView control panel lets you magnify the image on your computer screen up to sixteen times. It is supplied as part of your system software. CloseView is not automatically installed by the Installer program when you install system software. To install CloseView: 1. Locate the CloseView control panel. 2. Drag the CloseView icon to the System Folder icon (not the System Folder window) on your startup disk. 3. Choose Restart from the Special menu.
To turn the magnification on or off, press x–Option–X. (When CloseView is on and the magnification is off, a rectangle on the screen indicates which area will be magnified. You can move the rectangle by moving the pointer.) To increase or decrease magnification, press x–Option–Up Arrow or x–Option–Down Arrow. You can set additional options in the CloseView control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the CloseView control panel.
Chapter 10 Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use In this chapter n n Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works n Adjusting the way the keyboard works n Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type n Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing n Adjusting the blinking of a menu item n Adjusting the blinking of the insertion point n Changing the way the contents of windows appear n Changing an icon n Turning off the Empty Trash warning n Managing memory Specifying which items you want
Specifying which items you want opened at startup To have a program or a document open automatically when you start up your computer, drag its icon or its alias to the Startup Items folder, which is inside the System Folder. Programs or documents that you put in the Startup Items folder are opened when you start up your computer. You can open as many files as your computer’s memory allows.
Most special files are stored in folders inside the System Folder. When you drag a file’s icon to the System Folder icon, your computer recognizes which type of file it is and stores the file in the appropriate folder. This folder holds networking and printing software and files that extend your computer’s capabilities. The System file holds sounds, and keyboard files. Removing files from the System Folder You remove a file from the System Folder by dragging its icon out of the System Folder.
Changing the items in the Label menu Setting the time and date You can change the labels (as well as the colors) in the Label menu. You make these changes in the Labels control panel. Your computer has a clock that keeps track of the time and date (a battery keeps it running when the computer is turned off ). 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Labels control panel.
Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off You can set the Alarm Clock to alert you when it’s time for an appointment or a meeting. 1. Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple (K) menu. To set the date, click the month, date, or year to select it, then click the up or down arrow (or type the new number). To set the time, click the hours, minutes, or seconds to select them, then click the up or down arrow (or type the number). 2.
3. Click the alarm clock icon in the lower-right corner to select it. The alarm clock icon becomes highlighted when you select it. The time that appears in the middle section is the current alarm clock setting. Button in the upper position indicates that the alarm is on. Icon showing ringing alarm 8. Click the close box to close the Alarm Clock. The alarm will not go off unless you close the Alarm Clock, click the lever to make the Alarm Clock smaller, or make another window active. 4.
Changing the date format 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Date & Time control panel. 2. In the Date & Time control panel, click Date Formats. 3. In the dialog box that appears, make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box. 4. Click OK to close the control panel. Choose standard formats from this pop-up menu. Type prefix and separators in these boxes. Use this pop-up menu to set the order of elements in the date.
3. Make the changes you want. Changing the time format A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Date & Time control panel. 2. In the Date & Time control panel, click Time Formats. 4. Click OK to close the control panel. Choose standard formats from this pop-up menu. When you choose the 12-hour clock, you can also choose either 0:00 or 12:00 to represent noon and midnight.
Changing number and currency formats 2. Make the changes that you want. You can choose among several formats for displaying numbers and currency. 3. Close the control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Numbers control panel. Choose standard formats from this pop-up menu. Type the decimal separator here or choose a separator from the pop-up menu. Type the thousands separator here or choose a separator from the pop-up menu. Type the currency symbol here.
Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works You can adjust two aspects of trackball or mouse operation in the Mouse control panel: tracking, which is the relation between trackball or mouse movement and pointer movement on the screen, and double-clicking speed. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Mouse control panel. 2. Click the tracking speed you want.
Adjusting the way the keyboard works 2. To adjust the rate at which a key repeats when it is held down, click the button for the rate you want. You can adjust the rate at which a character repeats when its key is held down as well as the delay before the character begins repeating. You can also change the keyboard layout if you have additional keyboard layouts installed. 3. To adjust the delay before keys repeat, click the button for the delay you want. 1.
Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing With the system software feature called Sticky Keys, you can type keyboard shortcuts (such as x-S for the Save command) without actually pressing the keys simultaneously. The system software feature called Slow Keys lets you type very slowly and ignores accidental keystrokes by delaying the acceptance of the next keystroke. n To turn Sticky Keys on or off, press the Shift key five times without moving the mouse.
Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Adjusting the blinking of the insertion point You can change the number of times a menu item blinks when it’s chosen. You make this adjustment in the General Controls panel. You can adjust how quickly the insertion point blinks (the insertion point indicates where any text you type will appear). You make this adjustment in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the General Controls panel. 2.
Changing the way the contents of windows appear Options for clean-up of icons Pop-up menu of fonts for icon names and list views Pop-up menu of font sizes for icon names and list views You can change the way the contents of Finder windows are displayed, and you can change the items in the View menu. You make these changes in the Views control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Views control panel.
Changing an icon 2. Copy the picture by choosing Copy from the Edit menu. You can change an icon by creating or copying a picture you want and then pasting it into an icon’s Info window. 3. Switch to the Finder, then click to select an icon you want to change. Some icons can’t be changed, including those for control panels and other parts of the system software. Every icon fits inside a small square. 4. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 1. Select the picture you want to use for the icon. 5.
6. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. The picture you copied replaces the selected icon in the Info window. If the picture is bigger than the icon, it automatically shrinks to fit. Turning off the Empty Trash warning When you choose Empty Trash from the Special menu, a message warns you that you will not be able to recover the contents of the Trash once it’s emptied. (The warning helps you avoid throwing away items unintentionally.) You can turn off this warning in the Trash’s Info box. 1.
Managing memory Making the most of your memory Occasionally you may need to make adjustments in how your PowerBook uses its random-access memory (RAM) in order to work efficiently with large programs or with several programs at once. Remember the following tips on memory management: Checking memory use n n You can find out how much memory your computer has, how much of it is available, and how much memory is being used by each program you have open.
n n Reducing the size of the disk cache makes more memory available. (See the disk cache section in this chapter.) Reducing the amount of memory a program uses may allow you to open more programs at once (see the chapter on setting up your programs). You set the size of the disk cache in the Memory control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Memory control panel.
Using hard disk space as memory 2. Click the On button to turn on virtual memory. Your computer can use space on a hard disk to increase the memory available for opening programs. The disk space, called virtual memory, is not available for storing files. 3. Press the pop-up menu and drag to choose a hard disk to use for virtual memory. Your computer should contain enough built-in memory for your regular needs—that is, for the programs you frequently have open simultaneously.
5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. Turning on 32-bit addressing After you restart, your computer’s total memory includes the virtual memory you set aside on the hard disk. Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu to see memory use information. Your computer can use very large amounts of memory (more than 8 megabytes) by taking advantage of a feature called 32-bit addressing—the use of very long (32-digit) binary numbers to control the way data is manipulated.
Chapter 11 Printing In this chapter n Before you print n Printing your work n Controlling background printing n Working with fonts Before you print Before you can print, your computer must be connected to a printer, either directly or over a network. See the information that came with your printer for instructions on how to connect it, or check with your network adminstrator.
If your printer is connected directly to your computer Make sure you’ve connected the printer according to the instructions that came with it. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple (K) menu. If you have a Personal LaserWriter SC, you’re finished. Close the Chooser now. 3. Click the icon of the port to which your printer is connected. If your printer is connected to the computer’s modem port (marked with the icon W), you’re finished. Close the Chooser now. 2. Click the icon of your printer to select it.
1. Choose Chooser from the Apple (K) menu. 3. Click the icon of the printer you want to use. 2. Click the Active button next to the word “AppleTalk.” v If your printer’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The printer software is not in your System Folder. Close the Chooser and install the software you need. If you have an Apple printer, you can use the Installer to add the printer software.
Selecting Page Setup options You use the Page Setup dialog box when you’ve selected a new printer in the Chooser, or when you want to use a different paper size or printing options. n When an ImageWriter printer is selected, this Page Setup dialog box appears: Choose Page Setup from the File menu and select the options you want.
Updating printer software on networked computers All computers that share printers on a network must have the same version of the printer software. The printer restarts itself each time a different version is used (which takes time and clears any fonts from its temporary memory). S Important: All computers on a network must have the same printer software versions in the System Folder. S You or your network administrator should update the printer software on all Macintosh computers on the network.
If you want to update the printer software that is already installed on your disk, go to step 5. When you click Customize, the custom installation dialog box shows a list of printer software. Printer software available Printing your work You can print a document while it’s open and its window is active; you can also print documents while the Finder is active. 1. Make sure that the document you want to print is in the active window. If you’re printing in the Finder, select the documents you want to print.
v Printing color or gray-scale documents: You can print color or gray-scale documents on any color printer that can use the LaserWriter printer software. If you print a color document on a black-and-white printer, the document is produced as a halftone (that is, it is composed of patterns of dots). v Some programs offer additional printing options. See the manuals that came with your programs for more information on their printing features. 3. Click Print. A status message appears.
Solutions to common printing problems If nothing happens or if you see an error message when you try to print, try the following: n Make sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up. n Check the cable connections to the printer. n n n n n If your printer is an ImageWriter, make sure that the Select light is on. (If not, press the Select button.) Make sure that the printer has paper and that the paper is feeding properly.
Controlling background printing You can use PrintMonitor to If you are using a LaserWriter or StyleWriter printer and the background printing option is turned on in the Chooser, you can continue to work while your documents are printing. n check the printing of your document n cancel a document that’s printing or waiting to print n You don’t need to do anything once background printing is turned on.
Working with fonts A font is a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols in a distinctive typographic design. Several fonts come with your computer’s system software. They are stored in the Fonts folder (inside the System Folder on your startup disk). You can install additional fonts and remove fonts. Additional fonts are supplied on one of the system software disks. Fonts are also available from independent manufacturers, user groups, and electronic bulletin board services.
Bitmap fonts (also called fixed-size fonts) appear only in certain sizes, because each character is a grid of black-and-white dots (called a bitmap), which is a rendering of the character’s shape in a specific size. Installing fonts 1. Quit all open programs. 2. Locate the font you want to install, and drag it to the System Folder icon (not the System Folder window) on your startup disk. Fonts are supplied either as individual files (for individual fonts) or in suitcases (for font families).
Removing fonts Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer 1. Quit all open programs. If you’re using a LaserWriter printer equipped with PostScript and you want to print with PostScript fonts that are not built into your printer, you can transfer, or download, those fonts from your System Folder to the printer. Downloading fonts saves printing time if you plan to print several documents that use those fonts. 2. Open the System folder on your startup disk. 3. Locate the Fonts folder and open it.
2. Choose Download Fonts from the File menu. 3. If the font you want to download is not listed, click the Add button to add fonts to the list. 4. In the directory dialog box, locate your font, click its name, and then click Add. Fonts available for downloading Click to remove selected fonts from the list. Click to download all listed fonts to the printer. Click to display a directory dialog box for locating and selecting additional fonts.
Finding out about available fonts Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility Many programs have a Font menu that lists the fonts installed in your system, though some programs do not list them all. You can open the Fonts folder, inside the System Folder, to see all the fonts stored there. You can also see available fonts with the Key Caps desk accessory in the Apple (K) menu.
Restarting a LaserWriter printer Turning the printer’s start page on or off Restarting the printer clears its memory, removing the fonts stored there. The LaserWriter can print a start page each time it is turned on or restarted. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. 2. Choose Restart Printer from the Utilities menu. 2. Choose Start Page Options from the Utilities menu. 3. Click Restart. 3. Click the On or Off button. 4. Click OK.
Transferring a PostScript file to a LaserWriter 4. Type a name for the log, and then click Save. You can use the LaserWriter Font Utility to send a file in PostScript format to a LaserWriter printer. The file is sent to the printer and a record of the PostScript activity is saved in the log. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. You can open the log to see the sequence of PostScript commands when the file was sent. 2. Choose Download PostScript File from the Utilities menu. 3.
Chapter 12 Using Your Computer on a Network What networking offers When your computer is connected to a network, you can: n Gain access to information on other computers. n Allow others access to information on your own computer.
You can designate specific folders and hard disks on your computer as “shared files” that other people can gain access to. n Print documents on network printers. n Update files over the network automatically. 1. … 2. … n Link your programs to programs on other computers. You can automatically update documents created in programs that use the Macintosh system software’s publish-and-subscribe feature. (See the instructions that came with your programs for information about publish-and-subscribe.
Connecting to a network Turning on AppleTalk Your computer has built-in AppleTalk networking software. This software directly supports the LocalTalk cables you need to connect your computer to the network. (If your computer has the appropriate port or expansion card, AppleTalk also supports Ethernet and Token Ring cables.) The first time you turn on your computer after you have connected it to a network, you need to make sure that AppleTalk is turned on. 1. Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 1.
3. Close the Chooser. When AppleTalk is active, PowerBook computers go to sleep automatically only when they run out of battery power, or when the power adapter is plugged in and the PowerBook is not connected to any shared disks on the network. 2. Type your name in the box labeled Owner Name and press Tab. Naming your computer and its owner Before you use the network, you should give your computer a name and name yourself as its owner. 1.
Gaining access to files on shared disks Connecting to a shared disk You can retrieve and store information on other computers connected to your network. For example, a colleague can place some files for you on a shared disk called a file server— a computer dedicated to storing shared files. Individually owned computers on your network might also have shared disks. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple (K) menu. Before you begin 2. Make sure that AppleTalk is active. 3.
v If the AppleShare icon does not appear: Make sure that AppleTalk is active in the Chooser. Make sure that the AppleShare file is in the Extensions folder in your System Folder, and restart your computer. If that doesn’t work, use the Installer to install the AppleTalk software. v 7. Click Guest or Registered User. Click here if you are not registered on the computer that you’re connecting to. 4. If you see a box labeled AppleTalk Zones, click the zone the computer is in.
10. Click OK. Disconnecting from a shared disk If your password is not accepted: Make sure that Caps Lock is not on. Type your password again, taking care not to make typing errors. If it’s still not accepted, ask the computer’s owner for help. 11. Click the name of a shared disk to select it. When you’re finished using a shared disk, close any open files or programs on the shared disk and then disconnect in one of the following ways: m Select the shared disk icon and choose Put Away from the File menu.
Connecting quickly to a shared disk Connecting automatically when you start up By making an alias for a shared disk, you can connect to that disk by simply opening the alias. You can connect automatically to one or more shared disks whenever you turn on your computer. 1. Connect to a shared disk. 1. Connect to the computer that has the shared disk you want to open. See the section on connecting to a shared disk in this chapter. 2. Select the shared disk icon. 3. Choose Make Alias from the File menu.
3. If you’re connecting as a registered user, click the button that indicates whether you want to save your name only, or both your name and your password. For more security, click “Save My Name Only.” When you start up your computer, you’ll need to enter your password to connect to the shared disk. 2. If you want to reconnect to shared disks only when you wake the computer from sleep, click the After Sleep button.
Working with files and folders on other computers Once you are connected to a shared disk, you can use the files and folders on it as if they were on your own computer. You may not be able to open some items on a shared disk if the owner has restricted access to those items. For information on how to check your access privileges, see “Working With Privileges That Others Have Set” later in this chapter.
3. Type your current password. Then press Tab and type a new password. A bullet (•) appears for each letter you type. Giving folder ownership to someone else You can give away ownership of any folder you own. Once you do so, however, the new owner can restrict your access to that folder. Make sure you have copies of any files you may need before you give ownership of a folder to someone else. 1. Connect to a shared disk. 2. Click a folder that you own to select it. 3. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 4.
Sharing your own files Turning file sharing on You can share files stored on your computer with others on the network. For example, members of your work group can connect to your computer and open a file from their own computers. (They do not have to be using System 7.) Or, if you have both a desktop Macintosh and a PowerBook computer, you can transfer files from one computer to the other without using floppy disks. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Sharing Setup icon.
3. Close the Sharing Setup control panel. If you want to give everyone on the network access to the items you share, continue with the next section, “Turning On Guest Access.” Turning on guest access 3. Click the box under File Sharing labeled “Allow guests to connect” to place an X in it. To allow guests to connect to your computer, click here so that an X appears in the box.
Selecting a folder or disk to share You can share any folder, hard disk, or CD-ROM disc connected to your computer. ( You cannot share floppy disks.) You can share up to ten folders or disks at a time. (This number does not include folders within the folders or disks you share.) 1. Make sure file sharing is turned on. 2. Select a folder or disk to share. 3. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 4. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” to place an X in it. 5.
S Important: Before you put programs inside shared folders or disks, remember that copyright laws may prevent those programs from being shared. Check the applicable licensing agreements and follow their specifications. S Naming a registered user You can register as many as 100 people and groups combined, but for best network performance you should name no more than 50. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon.
3. Type the name of a person you want to register. Make sure you notify the person of the name you type. (Capitalization does not have to match.) Setting a registered user’s password You can assign passwords for registered users to verify their identities when they want to gain access to your computer. 1. Open a user icon in the Users & Groups control panel. Type the user’s password here. 4. To register more users, repeat steps 2 and 3.
Naming a group of users 3. Drag user icons to the new group icon. The icons are not moved inside the group icon, as they would be if it were a folder. Instead, member icons are created inside the group icon. You don’t need to drag your own icon to the group icon because you (as the owner) have access to the entire contents of your computer (unless you specify otherwise). You can name several registered users as a registered group. 1.
n To see all the groups that a user belongs to, open the user’s member icon or user icon. Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk You can give one registered user or group exclusive access to a shared folder or disk on your computer. 1. Select a folder or disk to share. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 3. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” so an X appears. The groups the user belongs to are listed here. 198 Chapter 12: Using Your Computer on a Network 4.
5. To share the item with only the user or group you’ve chosen, click the bottom row of checkboxes (next to Everyone) to remove the X from each box. Preventing specific users or guests from accessing your computer To prevent all network access to your computer, you can turn file sharing and program linking off, as described elsewhere in this chapter. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. Remove the X marks in this row. 6.
2. To deny access to a specific user, open the user icon. 3. If an X appears in the “Allow to connect” checkbox, click to remove the X (to deny access). 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. If you deny access to a user who is currently connected, he or she is disconnected immediately. That user is no longer a member of any group, and can connect only as a guest. If you deny access to guests, any guests currently connected are disconnected immediately.
Removing a user from a group 1. In the Users & Groups control panel, open the group icon. 2. Drag the member icon for that user to the Trash. 3. Choose Empty Trash from the Special menu. Removing a user or group from your list of registered users You can remove a registered user or group at any time. When you remove a user, he or she will no longer be a member of any registered group. 1. Open the Users & Groups control panel.
If you select , then anyone on the network can change the access privileges or ownership of the item. 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. 5. Click OK to confirm that you want to change ownership. 2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Stop button. A dialog box appears in which you can specify a delay before file sharing is turned off. If you specify a delay, users who are connected to your computer are warned to save their work and disconnect.
Monitoring file-sharing activity When file sharing is on, you can see who is connected to your computer and what folders or disks you’ve shared. n Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the File Sharing Monitor icon. Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer You can disconnect users who are currently connected to your computer in the File Sharing Monitor control panel. 1. Select the user or users you want to disconnect. 2. Click Disconnect. 3.
4. Click OK. A message remains on the screen until the time is up. You can switch to any program you already have open so you can continue working. 3. Open the owner icon (the one with the bold outline). 4. Click the boxes labeled “Allow user to connect” and “Allow user to see entire disk” to place an X in them. 5. When the designated amount of time has elapsed, close the File Sharing Monitor.
5. Close the window and the Users & Groups control panel. 2. Type a new password in the box labeled Owner Password and press Tab. 6. Leave your computer turned on. To gain access to your computer, connect to it as a registered user. Type your owner name and password as they appear in the Sharing Setup control panel of your computer. Then connect as you normally would.
Using access privileges There are three types of access to shared items: Access privileges let you control what other people can do with the information you share on a network. For example, you might want to let people see a file but prevent them from changing it. n See Folders: allows people to see, open, and copy folders. n See Files: allows people to see, open, and copy files.
Setting access privileges to folders and disks You can set access privileges for shared items on your own computer and for items that you own on other computers. 1. Select a folder or disk. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. The dialog box you see may be slightly different from the one pictured. 3. Choose a registered user or group to share the item with. Choose from the list of users and groups in the pop-up menu, or type the name of a registered user or group in the box. 4.
Access privilege strategies n Access privileges can be combined in several ways. A few common and useful strategies are summarized here. n Keep a folder or disk private. To keep a folder or disk on your own computer private, do not share it. To keep your folder on another computer private, use these settings. Allow everyone on the network all access privileges. As long as you’ve turned on guest access, everyone on the network can open, read, and change the files and folders.
n Keep a folder private but allow others to place files or folders into it. People on the network can deposit files or folders into this folder but only the owner can see, remove, or change its contents. (This configuration is sometimes called a drop box.) Working with privileges that others have set When you are using the By Icon or By Small Icon view, the appearance of shared folders indicates the access you have.
Checking your access privileges Linking programs When you open a folder on another computer, icons under the title bar indicate the privileges that you do not have. Some programs can exchange information directly with other programs. For example, one program might be able to instruct another program to add a row to a spreadsheet or change the font size of a paragraph. You can’t make changes to files in this folder. You can’t see files in this folder. You can’t see folders in this folder.
5. Click OK. In most cases, you need to identify yourself as a guest or a registered user. 2. If your network has zones, select a zone in the lowerleft section of the dialog box. 3. Select the Macintosh you want to connect to in the upper-left section of the dialog box. 4. Select the program you want to link to. 6. Click Guest or Registered User. If you are a guest, click Guest and go to step 9. If the Guest option is dimmed, guests do not have access to this computer. 7.
Disconnecting a program link Turning program linking on To disconnect a link to a program on another computer, quit the program you used to create the link. Allowing other people to link to your programs When you turn program linking on, your computer is visible to others on the network whenever they attempt to link a program. Before you turn program linking on, make sure that AppleTalk is active and that you have named your PowerBook in the Sharing Setup control panel.
Selecting a program for linking Allowing guests to link to your programs Before a network user can link to your program, you need to share it. You can let everyone on the network link to your shared programs. 1. Quit the program if it’s open, then click its icon to select it. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 2. Double-click the icon. 3.
Naming specific users to link to your programs You can identify the registered users and groups you want to link to your programs. 3. Click the box labeled “Allow user to link to programs on this Macintosh” to place an X in it. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. 2. Open the icon of a user. Click here to let this user link to your shared programs. 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. 5.
Chapter 13 Building a PowerBook Duo System In this chapter n Using the Duo Dock n Using the Duo MiniDock n Using the Duo Floppy Adapter n Using SCSI devices n Connecting your computer as a SCSI disk n Connecting a modem n Connecting a printer n Connecting sound input and output devices n Adding memory to your computer Using the PowerBook Duo Dock The PowerBook Duo Dock is the most versatile expansion options for the PowerBook Duo.
The drawing shows one of many possible PowerBook Duo Systems. The Duo Dock can accommodate any Macintoshcompatible monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, hard disk drive, CD-ROM drive, scanner, or other device. Duo Dock features The Duo Dock comes with many features built in, and several optional features are also available. These features include: n n n n an internal 1.
n n n n n n built-in video support for the following monitors: Macintosh 12" Monochrome Display Macintosh 12" RGB Display AppleColor High-Resolution RGB Monitor (13") Macintosh Color Display (13") Apple Macintosh Portrait Display (15") Macintosh 16" Color Display VGA monitors slots for two NuBus cards (for Ethernet, Token Ring, additional video, or other capabilities) an FPU socket for an optional math coprocessor a 512K VRAM SIMM expansion slot (for 16-bit color on Apple 13" and 16" monitors, and 8-b
Setting up the Duo Dock If you need to install a NuBus card inside the dock, do it before following the steps below. See “Installing a NuBus Card” in this guide for instructions. 1. Place the dock on a hard, flat surface. While you set up, you’ll need access to the connectors on the back panel. s Important: Don’t attempt to use the dock on its side, or in 3. Put your monitor on top of the dock, and connect the monitor’s video and power cables. The dock can hold a monitor weighing up to 100 lbs. (45 kg).
4. Connect your mouse, keyboard, or other input device to the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port. You can chain devices together if you have more than one. For example, you can connect a keyboard to the ADB port, and then connect a mouse to the keyboard. 5. Now connect any other equipment you have, such as an external hard disk drive or printer. Follow the instructions that came with the equipment. If you are connecting a SCSI device, you’ll need an HDI-30 SCSI System Cable to attach it to the dock.
Inserting the PowerBook Duo into the Duo Dock Trouble? n The dock won’t accept the computer. Power to the dock may be off. Make sure the dock is plugged in. If it is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is turned on. 1. Shut down the PowerBook Duo by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu. 2. Close the display. The docking connector may not be accessible. Make sure you have opened the connector door on the back panel of the computer. 3.
Turning on the Powerbook Duo System Trouble? To turn on the docked computer, press the Power On key on your external keyboard. On Apple keyboards, the key is marked with a triangle pointing left. n Nothing happens when you press the Power On key. Review the setup instructions and make sure everything is plugged in correctly. Then try pressing the Power On key again. If you still get no results, press the power button on the back of the dock.
Working with a Powerbook Duo System Battery recharging This section summarizes A docked PowerBook Duo draws power from the Duo Dock, not from its own battery. The battery recharges while the computer is in the dock. n n how your PowerBook Duo behaves when it is docked, or when it is moved from one Duo Dock to another how to take advantage of the Duo Dock’s features Your preferences The PowerBook Duo uses your preferences—including desktop pattern, window views, and so forth—when you dock it.
Hard disks SCSI devices The PowerBook Duo starts up from its internal hard disk automatically. If you have a hard disk installed in or connected to your Duo Dock, that disk’s icon also appears when you start up. If you have a hard disk installed in your Duo Dock, you can chain up to five additional SCSI devices to your Powerbook Duo System. If you do not have a hard disk installed in your Duo Dock, you can chain up to six devices.
Network If you have system problems If you installed the appropriate NuBus card in your Duo Dock, then whenever your PowerBook Duo is docked you have access to another network type—such as Ethernet or Token Ring—in addition to your computer’s built-in LocalTalk. The first time you use the other network, you must open the Network control panel and select that network type.
Each Duo Dock comes with two keys. If you lose both of them, you can: Using security features The Duo Dock has a key-operated mechanical lock to prevent theft of a docked PowerBook Duo. You can also lock computers out of the dock—for example, to protect information on the dock’s hard disk or to limit access to a network. n You can lock the dock when the computer is inside or outside the dock. n You can lock the computer inside the dock when the computer is on or off.
Ejecting the PowerBook Duo from the Duo Dock 1. Shut down the PowerBook Duo by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu. If a system problem prevents you from using the menu, you can shut down by pressing the power button on the back of the dock (but you’ll lose work you haven’t saved). 2. Unlock the dock (if it is locked). Eject button Turn the key to the vertical (unlocked) position. 3. Press the eject button. The dock ejects the computer far enough so you can pull it out.
A useful shortcut You can shut down the PowerBook Duo and eject it by simply pressing the eject button (if the dock is not locked). When you do this, the system will n remind you to save your work, if you haven’t done so n close any open programs n terminate your network or modem connections n shut down the system n eject the PowerBook from the dock Trouble? n The dock doesn’t eject the computer. The dock may be locked.
If you eject the computer manually while it is turned on, the computer turns itself off. You will lose any information you did not save. When the dock is locked, you can’t use the square hole. Installing a NuBus card Installing a NuBus card in the Duo Dock is a technically challenging procedure. We recommend that you attempt it only if you are comfortable working with electronic equipment. You should read all of the following instructions before you begin.
Installing the card 1. Unlatch the top cover of the dock by pinching the raised bumps just inside the front opening. This Not This 3. Touch the power supply case to discharge any static electricity that might be on your clothes or body. Power supply case 2. When the latches release, tilt the cover upward slightly (to about a 30° angle) and then lift the angled cover straight up to remove it. continues .
4. Disconnect the power supply cable by pinching its release clip and pulling straight up. If there is a hard disk drive in your Duo Dock, you may need to move its ribbon cable aside to reach the clip on the power supply cable. 5. Loosen the two screws connecting the central part of the dock to the base. (In the rest of these instructions, the central part of the dock is called the subassembly.) Turn the screws counterclockwise. The screws don’t come out all the way, so you can’t remove them completely.
6. Pull the subassembly toward you until you feel it come to a stop. 7. Lift the subassembly straight up to remove it. It will move only a short distance. You’ll be able to feel a small gap under the front ledge of the dock. If the subassembly doesn’t seem to move, or if you can’t feel a gap under the front ledge, the screws may not be loose enough. Turn them a few more times and try again. continues .
8. Turn the subassembly over and put it down with the disk drive(s) facing up. Hard disk drive Floppy disk drive v About NuBus slots and cards: The two NuBus slots in the Duo Dock are stacked vertically. The slots are identical, so you can install your card in either one. If you install your card in the upper slot (which is the lower slot when the dock is right side up), you’ll have to remove it and reinstall it if you want to add a second card later. NuBus cards come in different shapes and sizes.
The next four steps describe how to insert the card. s Important: Handle a NuBus card by its edges only, and be careful not to touch the pins inside the connector. s 10. Lower the card into the slot. 11. Adjust the card so its connector lines up with the connector on the slot. Don’t press the connectors together yet. Align connectors NuBus cards have all or most of their chips on one side. Hold the card so its chips are facing up, and the connectors on the card and the slot are aligned.
12. Insert the two pins on the dock bracket into the slot and hole on the card bracket. Pin Slot Pin 13. Press together the connectors on the card and the slot. You can push against the plastic part of the connector, as shown, or against the top of the card. If you push against the top of the card, make sure the connectors stay properly aligned. Hole 14. Repeat steps 10–13 to install a second NuBus card, if you have one; otherwise go to step 15.
15. Replace the NuBus card guide by sliding it back into position. 16. Turn over the subassembly and carefully put it back into the base of the dock. 17. Push the subassembly toward the back of the dock to close the gap (the reverse of step 6). Gap Your card is now installed. continues .
18. Tighten the screws you loosened in step 5. The screws are spring-loaded. You’ll need to exert strong downward pressure while you turn them clockwise. 19. Reconnect the power supply cable you disconnected in step 4. 20. Replace the dock cover. Align the cover over the base, press down firmly on the rear corners, and then press down on the front corners until the latches click. See the information that came with your NuBus card for information about its accompanying software (if any) and use.
Using the PowerBook Duo MiniDock The Duo MiniDock is available as an option for the PowerBook Duo. The minidock allows you to connect a wide variety of devices to the PowerBook. A minidock system can have many of the same capabilities as a desktop Macintosh. A Duo MiniDock with peripheral devices connected to it is not a computer—you need a PowerBook Duo to make the system work. The drawing shows one possible PowerBook Duo system.
Duo MiniDock features n The Duo MiniDock allows you to use the following types of equipment with your PowerBook Duo: n n any one of these Apple monitors: Macintosh 12" Monochrome Display Macintosh 12" RGB Display AppleColor High-Resolution RGB Monitor (13") Macintosh Color Display (13") Apple Macintosh Portrait Display (15") Macintosh 16" Color Display n up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) input devices, such as a keyboard and mouse an external 1.
Setting up the Duo MiniDock Your PowerBook Duo system may be simple or complex, depending on the equipment you want to use with your PowerBook Duo. As you work through these instructions, skip any steps that don’t apply. The setup procedure involves connecting your equipment to the Duo MiniDock and then connecting the PowerBook Duo. If you connect the PowerBook first and add equipment to the minidock later, the computer may not be able to recognize the additional equipment until you restart.
s Warning: Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook Duo. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer. s If you are connecting only an external floppy disk drive, a keyboard, and/or a mouse, you don’t need to plug in the power adapter. 240 Chapter 13: Building a PowerBook Duo System 3. If you are connecting an external monitor, plug the monitor’s power cord into an electrical outlet or power strip.
4. If you are using a keyboard and/or mouse, connect it to the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port on the Duo MiniDock. 5. If you are using an external floppy disk drive, connect its cable to the floppy disk drive port (marked with the icon H). Since the minidock has one ADB port, you’ll need to chain devices together if you are connecting more than one. For example, connect a keyboard to the ADB port, and then connect a mouse to the keyboard. continues .
6. If you are using any other peripheral devices, such as an external hard disk drive or a printer, connect them now. Follow the instructions that came with the device. If you are connecting a SCSI device, you’ll need an HDI-30 SCSI System Cable to attach the SCSI device to the Duo MiniDock. See the section on using SCSI devices for complete information about connecting SCSI devices to your PowerBook Duo system. 7. If you are using a LocalTalk network, connect your LocalTalk cable.
Before you dock Don’t dock with the computer turned on Before you connect the PowerBook Duo to the Duo MiniDock, the computer must be shut down or in sleep. If you try to connect to the Duo MiniDock with the PowerBook Duo turned on, the computer will turn itself off. This process erases any information you did not save. Shut down for access to all devices Docking with the computer shut down gives you access to SCSI devices such as a hard disk drive or CD-ROM drive.
Connecting the PowerBook Duo to the Duo MiniDock 1. Make sure the PowerBook Duo is in sleep or shut down. 3. Slide the posts on the minidock into the corresponding holes on the back of the PowerBook, and then gently push the two devices together. If the PowerBook is on when you try to connect it to the minidock, the computer will turn itself off. This process erases any information you did not save. 2. Pull up on the latch at the top of the Duo MiniDock. This Not This 4.
Turning on the PowerBook Duo System Making your external monitor the main monitor 1. If you are using an external monitor or SCSI equipment (such as an external hard disk drive), turn it on now. If you are using an external monitor with your PowerBook Duo System, you’ll probably want to use it as the main monitor (the one on which the menu bar appears). 2. Turn on or wake the PowerBook Duo by pressing its Power On key.
2. Drag the menu bar from the small rectangle (representing your PowerBook screen) to the large rectangle (representing your external monitor). Trouble? n Nothing happened when you tried to turn on the PowerBook Duo. Make sure that all your equipment is connected properly, and try pressing the Power On key again. The battery may be drained. Plug in the power adapter and then try pressing the Power On key again. The Duo MiniDock might be damaged.
n The computer displayed a message saying that you had to restart the PowerBook to get access to attached devices, and you clicked OK, but you still don’t have access. Working with a PowerBook Duo system This section summarizes n Clicking OK sends the message away, but it doesn’t restart the computer. Choose Restart from the Special menu. n The icon of the external hard disk doesn’t appear on the desktop.
Battery recharging Monitors A PowerBook Duo connected to the Duo MiniDock draws power from its battery unless the power adapter is plugged in. If the power adapter is plugged in, the battery recharges while the computer is connected to the minidock. (This is the same way the computer works if it is not docked.
Hard disks Virtual memory The PowerBook Duo starts up from its internal hard disk automatically. If you have an external hard disk connected to your Duo MiniDock, that disk’s icon also appears when you start up. The PowerBook Duo can borrow space on a hard disk to increase the memory available for using programs. The disk space is called virtual memory. You may prefer to start up from the external hard disk when the PowerBook Duo is docked. If so, use system software version 7.
Modem If you want to use an external modem with your PowerBook Duo System, connect the modem cable to the Duo MiniDock port marked with this icon: W If your computer has an internal modem, select either Internal or External Modem in the PowerBook control panel before opening your telecommunications program.
Using the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter The Duo Floppy Adapter is an optional device that allows you to connect a Macintosh HDI-20 External 1.4 MB Floppy Disk Drive and up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) devices—such as a keyboard or mouse—to your computer. Connecting the floppy adapter, disk drive, and input device(s) to the PowerBook Duo 1. Make sure the PowerBook Duo is in sleep or shut down. (Choose Sleep or Shut Down from the Special menu.
2. Connect the floppy adapter to the PowerBook Duo. You hear a click when the adapter is attached. 3. Connect the floppy disk drive’s cable to the floppy disk drive port on the adapter. The port is marked with this icon: H Use only the Macintosh HDI-20 External 1.4 MB Floppy Disk Drive with your PowerBook Duo. Other disk drives draw more power than is recommended, and their connectors are of a different type.
4. If you are using an external keyboard or a mouse, connect its cable to the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port on the adapter. The port is marked with this icon: ◊ Since the floppy adapter has one ADB port, you’ll need to chain devices together if you have more than one. For example, you can connect a keyboard to the ADB port, and then connect a mouse to the keyboard.
Turning on the PowerBook Duo n On Apple keyboards, the Power On key is marked with a triangle pointing left. When you are ready to resume work, turn on the PowerBook Duo in either of these ways: n Press the Power On key on your external keyboard. Press the Power On key on your computer. Trouble? n Power On key Nothing happened. Make sure everything is connected properly, and try pressing the Power On key again. The battery may be drained.
Disconnecting the floppy adapter, disk drive, and input device(s) from the PowerBook Duo If you always plan to use your connected devices in the same location—at your desk, for example—you can leave everything in place and simply disconnect the PowerBook Duo from the floppy adapter when you want to move the computer somewhere else. 1. Make sure the PowerBook Duo is in sleep or shut down. (Choose Sleep or Shut Down from the Special menu.
Using SCSI devices A SCSI device is any product—including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, and printers—that communicates with Macintosh computers by means of a standard electronic interface. (SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface.) You can attach up to six SCSI devices to your computer by linking them together in a chain that starts at your computer system’s SCSI port. There is a SCSI port on the Duo Dock and the Duo MiniDock. (There is no SCSI port on the PowerBook Duo.
Setting SCSI ID numbers Each device in a SCSI chain must have a unique ID number between 1 and 6 so the computer can identify it properly. The information in this section can help you assign SCSI ID numbers to the devices you want to use with your computer. 2. Locate the ID number indicator and switch (usually on the back panel of the SCSI device). ID number indicator 5 s Warning: Using two or more devices with the same SCSI ID number can cause your equipment to malfunction.
Checking that the SCSI chain is properly terminated If you are attaching one SCSI device To ensure accurate transmission of information, a chain of SCSI devices must have a terminator at each end. Terminators are built into some SCSI devices and can also be added externally. Make sure that there is n an internal terminator in that device, or n an external terminator attached to that device.
Connecting cables Connecting one SCSI device s Warning: When making SCSI connections, always turn off power to all devices in the chain. Failure to do so can cause the loss of information and damage to your equipment. s If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator. HDI-30 cable 1. Shut down your PowerBook and all SCSI devices in the chain. 2. To connect the first device, use an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable.
Using your PowerBook Duo as a SCSI disk If you have a Duo MiniDock and a cable called the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter (which you can purchase separately), you can connect your PowerBook Duo to any desktop Macintosh and have the PowerBook function as though it were an external SCSI disk drive. The PowerBook appears on the screen of the desktop Macintosh as a hard disk icon, and you can transfer information between the computers by dragging files. This feature of the PowerBook is called SCSI disk mode.
5. Turn off any other devices in the SCSI chain. The illustration shows which cables to use and where to add cable terminators. (Note that most configurations don’t require external terminators.) Remove the terminator from the last device in an existing chain before connecting the PowerBook. 6. Connect the PowerBook to either (a) the desktop Macintosh or (b) the end of the SCSI chain. “Desktop Macintosh” includes all the models listed in the illustration, as well as a PowerBook Duo in a Duo Dock.
s Warning: Always shut down the PowerBook before connecting or disconnecting the SCSI disk adapter cable. Connecting the adapter cable while the computer is turned on can damage the computer. s 7. Turn on the PowerBook by pressing the Power On key. After a few seconds a SCSI icon appears on the screen, showing the SCSI ID number you assigned in step 2.
Simplifying the SCSI disk connection process Using SCSI disk mode to reinstall system software If you regularly plan to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk with the same desktop Macintosh, you can leave the cables, terminators (if any), and the SCSI disk adapter cable attached to the desktop Macintosh. When you want to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk, simply shut down all devices and connect the adapter cable to the SCSI port on the Duo MiniDock.
5. Note the SCSI ID number that appears on the screen. You can’t change this number now, but if you are attaching your PowerBook to an existing SCSI chain you can change the numbers of other devices if there is an ID conflict. 6. Press the power button again to turn the PowerBook off. 7. Shut down the desktop Macintosh and any other SCSI devices in the chain. 8. Change conflicting SCSI ID numbers if necessary. 9.
Drawing battery power in SCSI disk mode Quitting SCSI disk mode Your PowerBook continues to draw battery power when you use it as a SCSI disk. Low battery power is indicated by the appearance of a blinking low-power warning on the PowerBook’s screen. 1. Shut down the desktop Macintosh. 2. Press the power button on the back of the Duo MiniDock to turn off the PowerBook. 3. Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4. Disconnect the PowerBook from the adapter cable.
Connecting a modem Apple offers an optional, low-power, internal fax/data modem for your computer. See the modem manual for information about this modem and how to use it. You can also connect an external modem to n the printer/modem port on the PowerBook Duo n the modem port on the Duo MiniDock n the modem port on the Duo Dock To connect an external modem, follow these steps: 1. Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2. Connect the modem to a power source and to the phone line.
8. Click the External Modem button. Connecting a printer The printer/modem port on the PowerBook Duo, and the printer port on a Duo Dock or a Duo MiniDock, can accept either a direct cable connection (to a printer such as the StyleWriter) or a network cable connection (to a printer such as the LaserWriter IINTX). If you have an Express Modem and are using an external modem, click the Normal button.
Connecting sound input and output devices The Duo Dock and the Duo MiniDock have a sound input port (marked with the icon X) to which you can connect a microphone. The microphone provided with the Duo Dock can pick up sounds within a range of several feet. You can place it near your computer, or you can use the clip provided to attach it to your clothing. The microphone has no on/off switch; it is controlled by the program you use to record sounds.
Chapter 14 Travel, Storage, and Service In this chapter n Traveling with the computer n Storing the computer n Getting service and support n Getting more information about Macintosh computers Traveling with the PowerBook The safety instructions in the first part of this book also apply when you are traveling. In addition, note these precautions: n n n n n n Do not transport your PowerBook while it is turned on.
n n Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Check ahead to find out what restrictions, if any, apply. Take the necessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. ( You may need to use them with the power adapter.) You do not need a voltage transformer. The power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC (48 to 62 Hz). Check the diagrams below to determine which plug adapters you’ll need, or ask your travel agent.
Protecting the PowerBook Duo system from theft The Duo Dock, Duo MiniDock, and Duo Floppy Adapter all have a security slot to which you can connect a locking device and security cable. If you attach the cable to the Duo Floppy Adapter, for example, and then connect the adapter to your computer, the adapter and computer are both protected because the floppy adapter cannot be removed from the computer until the security cable is detached.
If you cannot return to the Apple-authorized dealer from whom you purchased your system, go to the nearest service location. For the location nearest you, write or call one of the following: Apple Computer, Inc. Customer Relations 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 USA (800) 538-9696 Apple Canada, Inc.
For more information about Macintosh computers Macintosh user groups Whatever your level of computer experience, you may be interested in joining a Macintosh user group. Group activities may include new product demonstrations, question-and-answer sessions, and classes on using programs or writing your own programs. Ask your Apple-authorized dealer for the name of the Macintosh user group nearest you, or call 800-538-9696.
To establish an APDA account, obtain ordering information, or find out about site licensing and developer training programs, contact: APDA Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue, M/S 33-G Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 800-282-2732 (USA) 800-637-0029 (Canada) 408-562-3910 (International) Fax: 408-562-3971 Telex: 171576 AppleLink address: APDA If you provide commercial products and services, call 408-974-4897 for information about the developer support programs available from Apple.
Quick Reference Summary and Shortcuts Working with icons Selecting icons Double-click n Double-click an object on screen by pointing to the object and clicking twice in rapid succession, without moving the mouse. Double-clicking is a common shortcut for opening an icon or the selected item in a directory dialog box. Shift-click n Hold down the Shift key while clicking. Shift-clicking is a way to select more than one icon or item in a list. To do this Take these steps Select an icon Click the icon.
Opening an icon Working with windows You open an icon by selecting it and choosing Open from the File menu or using the keyboard shortcut x-O or x-Down Arrow. Or you can double-click the icon. Making a window the active window Moving, copying, and renaming an icon To do this Take these steps You make a window active by clicking inside it. You can also make a window active by clicking its icon (even though it’s dimmed) and choosing Open from the File menu, or by double-clicking the dimmed icon.
Scrolling through the contents of a window Scroll box (shows relative location in window) Opening higher-level folder windows You can open a higher-level folder window (whose contents include the active window) from a pop-up menu in the active window’s title. 1. Hold down the x key as you press the active window’s title. A pop-up menu of the higher-level folders (and the disk) appears. 2. Drag to choose a higher-level folder (or the disk), and then release the mouse button.
Using the outline form in list views Working with menus Any list view you choose from the View menu (that is, any view except the icon and small icon views) shows the contents of the active window in outline form. You can see the contents of a folder without opening the folder in its own window. Macintosh menus come in two types: pull-down menus and pop-up menus. The menus in the menu bar are pull-down menus.
Pop-up menus often appear in dialog boxes that you use to set options or preferences. You can recognize a pop-up menu by a small solid triangle, pointing down, next to its name. The name shows the current option or preference. Pop-up menu (closed) Pressing the triangle displays the menu (but does not allow you to choose a menu item).
3. Drag sideways to the submenu, drag to the submenu item you want to choose so that it’s highlighted, and then release the mouse button. Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory dialog boxes Key Action Up, Down, Left, or Right Arrow key Selects the next item in the direction of the arrow Tab key Selects the next item alphabetically (except in a directory dialog box and the Chooser) Character key (a, b, c . . .
Troubleshooting This section describes possible causes and solutions for some common problems you may have with your PowerBook Duo, the Duo Dock, the Duo MiniDock, or associated equipment provided by Apple. The PowerBook Duo The computer won’t start. n This section is not comprehensive. Check the appropriate reference section for additional help on specific topics.
The computer just stopped. n n n The computer may have gone to sleep. Press any key (except Caps Lock) or the Power On key to wake it again. The computer exhibits odd behavior, such as many unexplained system failures. n The battery may have drained so far that the computer has put itself to sleep to protect the contents of RAM. Plug in the power adapter and then press the Power On key. The computer may have “crashed” due to temporary software problems.
Power The battery can’t be recharged. n The battery is draining too fast. n n n n Turn down the screen brightness, turn off virtual memory, move the battery conservation slider in the PowerBook control panel to Better Conservation, or work with the power adapter plugged in. Your computer supplies power to the modem whenever a communications program is open. Quit your communications program if you aren’t using it.
The computer doesn’t go to sleep automatically. n You may have dragged the slider to Never in Custom view of the PowerBook control panel. Drag the slider to a lower setting. The screen The screen looks blurred or out of focus. n n n n n n You may be connected to a shared disk on the network. If you are not using the information on the shared disk, disconnect from it. The printer/modem port may be in use.
There are ghost images or black dots on the screen. n When the computer is left on for many hours, temporary defects may appear on the screen. Put the computer to sleep. The longer the computer was left on, the longer it will take for the images to fade, but they will eventually disappear. A window has disappeared. n n The pointer moves too fast/too slowly. n You need to adjust the pointer’s tracking speed. Open the Mouse control panel and choose a more comfortable setting.
The trackball Memory The trackball doesn’t work smoothly; it sticks or jumps when rolled. A “not enough memory” message appears when you try to open a program. n There may be dust or dirt inside the trackball mechanism. To clean the trackball, follow these steps. n 1. Remove the trackball by turning the trackball retainer ring counterclockwise, and lifting the trackball out of its cavity. You may need to use a pen or your fingernail to lift the trackball out. 2.
The Duo Dock The computer is on but the monitor is blank. n You can’t insert the computer into the dock. n n n The dock may be locked. Turn the key to the horizontal (unlocked) position and insert the computer again. The door covering the dock connector may not be open. Open the door and insert the computer again. The PowerBook may not be shut down. Remove the computer, open the display, choose Shut Down from the Special menu, and try again. You can’t turn on the docked computer.
The Duo MiniDock You can’t turn on the docked computer. n n Make sure your equipment is connected properly and then press the Power On key on any of your keyboards. If nothing happens, press the power button on the back of the minidock. The computer’s battery may need to be recharged. Plug in the computer’s power adapter and then try pressing the Power On key again. The battery drains very quickly when you use the computer with the minidock.
SCSI devices n You can’t turn on the computer after connecting a SCSI device. n SCSI devices must be turned on before the computer itself. Turn on the SCSI device(s) first, and then turn on the computer. The computer doesn’t recognize your SCSI devices. n n n The devices may be off. Check to make sure that they are plugged in and turned on. If the device is a disk drive, it may need to be initialized before you can use it. See the instructions that came with the device.
Disk drives and disks n The computer won’t start up from its hard disk, or the hard disk icon doesn’t appear on the desktop. n n n There may have been a temporary software problem. Shut down the computer, wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. If the computer is in a Duo Dock, someone may have selected the dock’s hard disk as the startup disk. You can change this setting in the Startup Disk control panel. There may be a problem with the system software on the hard disk.
The hard disk is full. n You can reclaim space on your hard disk by removing unneeded files; installing a smaller, customized System Folder; turning off virtual memory; or purchasing a disk optimization program to reorganize the information on the hard disk. A high-density (1.4 MB) disk you use with your PowerBook computer is not recognized by another Macintosh. n The icon of a floppy disk doesn’t appear on the screen. n There may be a problem with the disk or disk drive. Try inserting a different disk.
A message says that a disk is not initialized—but you know that it is. You can’t save or copy files onto a floppy disk. n n The disk may not be seated properly in the disk drive. Eject it and try inserting it again. n n The disk may be damaged. If you insert another disk in the drive and the message does not appear, you can assume that the original disk needs repair. See Chapter 7 for information about recovering information from a damaged disk.
Modems Printers The external modem doesn’t work. Your computer can’t find the printer. n The modem may be turned off or improperly connected. Make sure it is turned on and that all connections are correct. n n n n The modem port may not be activated. Open the PowerBook Setup control panel and make sure that External Modem is selected. If you have an Express Modem, open the Express Modem control panel and choose Normal. See the user’s guide that came with your Express Modem for more help.
The network printer keeps restarting. n Someone on the network may be using a different version of the printer software. Everyone connected to a network should use the same printer software version. Consult the network administrator for more information. Nothing happens, or you see an error message, when you try to print. n n n The printer may not be turned on. Make sure it is turned on and warmed up. The printer may be out of paper or have some other problem.
Networks You can’t open a shared disk or folder. n You can’t find or can’t open icons needed to set up file sharing. n n One or more icons may be in the wrong place. Make sure that the Sharing Setup icon is in the Control Panels folder, and that the File Sharing Extension file, the Network Extension file, and the AppleShare file are in the Extensions folder. (Both folders are inside the System Folder.) Some network software may not be installed.
Application programs A program doesn’t work, or malfunctions consistently. n A program won’t open. n n n Some programs can’t be opened from a locked floppy disk. Make sure the disk is unlocked. The program may be damaged. Recopy it from a known good source (such as the original program disk). There may not be enough memory available to open the program. Quit other programs or change the program’s memory size in its Info window. n n n You may have more than one copy of the program on your hard disk.
Appendix A Return key: Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next line. In a dialog box, pressing Return is the same as clicking the outlined button. Keyboard and Character Sets Tab key: Moves the insertion point to the next stopping place (such as a tab stop or data field). Caps Lock key: A Shift key for letters only (numbers and symbols aren’t affected). Shift key: Produces capital letters (or the upper character on the key).
Using Caps Lock Typing special characters and symbols The Caps Lock key on PowerBook computers does not stay depressed even when it’s locked. Caps Lock is on when the light on the key itself is on. You can type a variety of special characters (with diacritical marks) and symbols by pressing modifier keys in combination with certain letter and number keys. To turn Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock key.
Characters available in the Chicago font when the Option key is pressed The highlighted key represents the key held down on the keyboard— in this case, the Option key. To type a character with a diacritical mark (such as an acute accent or an umlaut), you press the Option key along with a specific letter key, and then type the character.
Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files With MS-DOS Computers Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format ( You can also follow these instructions to initialize a disk in ProDOS format.) 1. Locate the Apple File Exchange icon and open it. Apple File Exchange is a file format conversion program supplied on your system software disks. The program and translator files are stored in the Apple File Exchange Folder.
3. Click MS-DOS. 4. If necessary, click the capacity (in K) of the disk you inserted. If you want to initialize a high-density (˙) disk in MS-DOS format, 1440K is the only option and it is already selected. If you inserted a double-sided disk, click 720K. Apple File Exchange cannot initialize a high-density disk in 720K format, nor can it read a double-sided disk that has been initialized in the high-density (1.4 MB) format. 5. Click Initialize.
Follow these steps to translate an MS-DOS (or ProDOS) file: Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 1. Locate the Apple File Exchange program and open it. Apple File Exchange provides two methods of file conversion— text and binary. Text translation is for text files, and binary translation is for other file types. Apple File Exchange can also use translator files designed to convert files into formats that specific programs can use.
5. Pull down the translation menu you want. 6. Make sure that the translators for the types of files you selected have checkmarks; if not, choose them so checkmarks appear next to them. An active translator has a checkmark. The default translator has a diamond (indicating that it’s always active). Choosing an active translator makes it inactive. 7. Compare the size of the files or folders selected for translation with the space available on the destination disk.
Other file-conversion options Apple File Exchange’s File menu provides several other options to assist you with file conversions. The active translators and options for each translator can be saved in a file by choosing “Save settings as.” You can use these options again later by choosing “Restore settings from” and opening the file. To see explanations of the translators Apple File Exchange uses, choose About Apple File Exchange from the Apple menu.
Appendix C Map The Map control panel lets you set your computer’s location and find out the distance and the time difference between your location and cities around the world. If you travel with your computer and use Map to reset your location accordingly, the time (in the Date & Time control panel) is automatically reset to the local time. Certain programs (in networking and telecommunications, for example) can use your computer’s location to account for time zones and distances when making calculations.
2. Type the city nearest your current location and then click the Find button (or press the Return key). If you aren’t sure how the city is spelled, type the first few letters and press the Return key. If the city isn’t found, you can add it to the list of cities stored in Map (instructions are given elsewhere in this appendix). 3. Click the Set button. Your current location is indicated by a blinking cross.
The distance to and the time at the other location are shown at the bottom of the window. The distance is based on the shortest possible route (called the great circle). To find out the time difference between your location and the other location, click the words “Time Zone.” Click again to see the other location’s time zone. Finding a location The Map has a list of locations, with information on the latitude, longitude, and time zone of each location. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu. 2.
Adding or removing a location Adding a location 1. If the map does not show the location you want to add, scroll by dragging beyond the map in the direction of the location. 2. Click the location. A blinking star appears at the location, and its coordinates and approximate time zone are displayed. 3. Type the name of the new location. 5. If the time zone is not correct, click the Time Zone boxes and type in the correct number.
Index A About This Macintosh (Apple menu) 161 accent marks, typing 298–299 access privileges.
Apple Menu Items folder 121, 146 AppleShare 185–186 AppleShare PC program 304 AppleTalk. See also LocalTalk; networking software; networks choosing a printer 167 turning off to make more memory available 161 turning on 183–184 zones 186 Apple Technical Library/Apple Communications Library 273 Application menu Hide Others 80 PrintMonitor 173 Show All 80 switching the active program 51–52, 80 Application menu icon 48, 51, 52 application programs.
Battery Reconditioning application 97–98 beep sound setting 131–132 with Sticky Keys or Slow Keys 156 binary method of file conversion 303 bitmap fonts 175 blinking question mark icon 6, 73 blink rates 157 blurred screen 284 brightness controls 5, 7, 24 brightness level, power conservation and 99 burns to skin and eyes from damaged batteries 95 By Label ( View menu) 128, 139 C cables Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable 17, 260, 261, 262 Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable 219, 242, 256, 259 connecting SCSI dev
color wheel 140–141 Command x key 16, 45, 297 keyboard shortcuts and 58 commands choosing 32 defined 32 keyboard shortcuts for 58 computer viruses 79, 282 connecting to a floppy disk drive 69 to a shared disk 185–189 the computer as a SCSI disk 260–263 computers on a network 183 equipment to the Duo Dock 218–219 equipment to the Duo Floppy Adapter 251–253 equipment to the Duo MiniDock 239–242, 244 external modem 266–267 hard disk to a printer 178 printers 267 SCSI device cables 259 sound input and output de
D damaged battery 283 computer 271 floppy disks 111, 113, 114–115, 291–292 programs 296 date and time changing formats for 151–152 to print a document 173 setting 148–149 using Map 307 Date & Time control panel 148–149, 151–152 DCA-RFT/MacWrite, converting files between 303 dead batteries, disposal of 96 delays before acceptance of next keystroke 156 before keys repeat 155 Delete key 49, 55, 58–60, 297 deleting text 49, 55, 58–59 desk accessories Battery 66, 88–89 Key Caps 178, 298–299 desktop contents of
double-sided floppy disks 69, 70.
hard disk connected to 249 LocalTalk and 238, 242 locking 271 modems 238, 239, 242, 250 monitors connecting an external monitor 239–240, 248 disconnecting 250 making an external monitor the main monitor 245–246, 248 supported by the MiniDock 238 troubleshooting 288 video mirroring 248 ports ADB 241 floppy disk drive 241 illustration 238 modem 242, 266–267 printer 242 SCSI 256, 263 sound output 268 video 240 power adapter and 239–240, 248 preferences in effect 247, 249 removing the computer 250 SCSI disk mo
F fatigue from computer use 22, 25 file conversion to MS-DOS or ProDOS format 303–305 File menu Close 52 Close Window 42, 276 Duplicate 62, 276 Find 122–125 Find Again 122 Get Info changing an icon 159 changing the amount of memory a program uses 81 creating a stationery pad 126 information about files 127 locating the original of an alias 121 locking a file 110 turning off the Empty Trash warning 160 Make Alias 120, 188 New Folder 118 New Group 197–198 New User 195 Open 33, 35, 38 Page Setup 168 320 Index
Find (File menu) 122–125 finding items using search criteria 122–125 locations with Map 309 the original of an alias 121 fixed-size fonts 175 flickering screen 284 floppy disk drive port Duo Floppy Adapter 252 Duo MiniDock 241 floppy disk drives. See also Duo Floppy Adapter connecting an external drive to the Duo MiniDock 241 connecting your computer to 69 damaged 111 included with the Duo Dock 216 Macintosh HDI-20 External 1.
G General Controls panel 138–139, 157 Get Info (File menu) changing an icon 159 changing the amount of memory a program uses 81 creating a stationery pad 126 information about files 127 locating the original of an alias 121 locking a file 110 turning off the Empty Trash warning 160 ghost images on screen 285 giving orders to your computer 32 grays displaying 135 highlight color or shade of gray 136–137 in the Label menu 140–141 grounding plug 2 grouping files with labels 128, 139 groups of users.
I, J I-beam pointer 54–57, 58–60, 62.
K L keyboard adjusting angle of 24 adjusting character repeat rate and delay 155 adjusting for slow typing 156 changing layouts 155 connecting to the Duo Dock 219 to the Duo Floppy Adapter 251–253 to the Duo MiniDock 241 correct posture for using 23 illustration 297 safety instructions for 20 special keys on 45 Sticky Keys 156 typing special characters and symbols 298–299 Keyboard control panel 155 keyboard files 147 keyboard shortcuts 58, 280 using Sticky Keys 156 Key Caps program 178, 298–299 kilobytes
Macintosh user groups 273–274 MacWrite/DCA-RFT, converting files between 303 magnifying the screen image 143–144 main battery. See batteries main monitor 141–142, 245–246 Make Alias (File menu) 120, 188 malfunctioning computer 271 Map control panel 307–310 math coprocessor socket, Duo Dock 217 megabytes (MB) 70 memory.
Mouse control panel 154 moving.
P Page Setup (File menu) 168 Page Setup dialog boxes 168, 172 paper, feeding manually 173 paper supply, checking with PrintMonitor 173 passwords.
power conservation. See battery power conservation Power On key 4, 7, 14, 100 troubleshooting 5, 16, 281–282 power sources 87, 104 power states 12–14 presentations, using a second monitor for 142, 248 pressing with the trackball 30 Print (File Menu) 170–171 Print Desktop (File menu) 171 printer/modem port 266–267 printer port 166, 183 Duo Dock 267 Duo MiniDock 242, 267 printers.
Q question mark. See blinking question mark icon Quick Reference icons 275–276 keyboard shortcuts 280 menus 278–280 troubleshooting 281–296 windows 276–278 Quit (File menu) 60 quitting. See also quitting; turning off a program 60, 61 SCSI disk mode 265 R radio and television reception, interference with xiii RAM.
repairing computer 19 disks 114–116 repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 21 replacing backup batteries 96 main battery 94 selected text 55, 59–60 reset switch 16 resizing RAM disk 84 window 36–37, 50, 276 restarting the computer 16–17 RAM disk and 83 a LaserWriter 179 and reconnecting to shared disks 189 Restart (Special menu) 16 Restart Printer (LaserWriter Font Utility/Utilities menu) 179 retrieving items from the Trash 64 Return key 280, 297 330 Index S safety instructions batteries 18, 20, 90, 95 compute
SCSI disk mode backing up files 111 connecting your computer as a SCSI disk 17, 260–263 copying programs from a desktop Macintosh 74, 78 low battery power 265 quitting 265 reinstalling system software 263–264 repairing hard disks 113 shutdown and 262, 263 troubleshooting 262 SCSI drivers 256 SCSI ID numbers 106, 114 reinstalling system software and 263–264 setting 257, 260 SCSI port 256, 263 search criteria for finding files 122–125 security options using passwords 189 security slot 225, 271 selecting icons
shutdown state connecting an external modem 266 connecting/disconnecting Duo Floppy Adapter 251 connecting/disconnecting SCSI disk adapter cable 262, 263 disconnecting Duo MiniDock 250 recharging the batteries 91, 93 transporting the computer 269 size box 36–37, 38–39, 276 sleep power state 13, 14, 89 automatic sleep 13, 90, 100–101 connecting an external modem 266 Duo Dock and 222 Duo Floppy Adapter and 251, 255 Duo MiniDock and 243, 244, 248, 250 power conservation 13, 99, 100 recharging batteries 91, 93
switching programs 50–52, 80 symbols, typing 298–299 system crash 16, 282 “system error” message 16 system extensions installing in System Folder 146–147 removing to make more memory available 161 System Folder backing up 74 installing files in 146–147 more than one 77, 78, 282 opening into a window 38 removing files from 147 system software and 73 System Folder icon 146–147 System Folder window 38, 147 system sleep 101–102 system software installing 74–77 overview 53, 73 reinstalling 74 using SCSI disk mod
Trash icon 15, 34, 44, 64 Trash window 35, 64 traveling with the computer 269–270 troubleshooting.
V variable-size fonts 174 vertical scroll bar 39, 40, 277 video mirroring 142, 248 video port Duo Dock 218 Duo MiniDock 240 video support, included with the Duo Dock 217 viewing contents of containers 44 viewing hidden contents of a window 38–40 View menu By Label 128, 139 changing items in 158 displaying window contents or list of items 128 outline form in list views 278 views, changing information in views 158 Views control panel 128, 158 virtual memory.
Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, California 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010 TLX 171-576 030-4272-A Printed in U.S.A.
