RanaSystems EliteSeries User Manual
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE This manual is copyrighted. All rights are reserved. This document may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from Rana Systems. Copyright 1982 by RANA Systems 26620 South Leapwood Carson, California 90746 (213)538—2353 Kieth S.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE HARDWARE WARRANTY Rana Systems warrants to the original user of an Elite Series Product, including any associated software, that the product shall he free of defects resulting from faulty manufacture .of the product or its components for a period .of ninety (90) days from the date of sale. Rana Systems makes no warranties regarding the satisfactory performance, mer— chantability, or fitness for any particular purpose, of the product or its associated software.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE ADDITIONAL WARRANTY INFORMATION Rana Systems makes no warranties, either express or implied, with respect to this manual or with respect to the software described in this manual, its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Rana Systems software is supplied “as is”. The entire risk as to its quality and performance is with the buyer.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE SERVICE INFORMATION If your Elite Series product requires repair, please return it to the dealer from whom it was purchased. If it is not possible to return the product to your dealer, you may contact Rana Systems directly for factory or regional service information. You are responsible for all shipping or postage charges incurred upon shipment to Rana Systems or any designated Rana Systems service center. Rana Systems or our designated service center.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE warranty period expires, it will be repaired for a flat fee. Inquiries regarding repair charges on products being returned to Rana Systems or one of our service centers for service should be made directly to Rana Systems. Neither Rana Systems nor our service, centers assume responsibility for any loss or damage incurred during transit to or from the factory or service center, claims, arising from such loss or damage should be filed immediately with the shipping company.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INSTALLATION .......................... 1.1. Unpacking........................... 1.2. Connecting Drive Cables............. 1.3. Installing Your Controller Card..... 2. OPERATING .............................. 2.1. Elite Drives Write—Protect Switch... 2.2. Recommended Diskettes............... 3. ENHANCING APPLE‘S APPLLE II DOS 3.3...... 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4. ENHANCING MICROSOFT APPLE ][ CP/M 2.2.... 1 4.1. Using Multiple Drives............... 5 4.2.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7.2. CONTENTS 7.1.3. Drive Mechanism................ 7.1.4. Head Positioning Mechanisms.... 7.1.5. Read/Write Head................ Elite Controller...................... 7.2.1. Introduction................... 7.2.2. Booting........................ 7.2.3. Hardware....................... 7.2.4. EPROM Logic.................... 7.2.5. State Machine.................. 7.2.6. Addressahle Latch.............. 7.2.7. Alternate Pair Select Logic ... 7.2.8.Data Buffer/Internal Data Ru ... 7.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CONTENTS 10.5. SGLDRIVE Utility................ 34 10.6. ENHANCE Utility................. 38 11. SECTION ll ........................... A. DISKETTE DATA RECORDING ............ A.1. Introduction...................... A.2. Tracks and Sectors................ A.3. Track Formatting.................. A.4. Fields............................ A.5. Gaps.............................. A.5.1. Gap 1...................... A.5.2. Gap 2...................... A.5.3. Gap 3...................... A.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 1—1: Elite Controller Cable Connections.... 1—2: Disk-II Controller Cable Connections.. 4 5 6-1: Elite One Characteristics............. 6-2: Elite One Characteristics (cont.)..... 6-3: Elite Two Characteristics............. 6-4: Elite Two Characteristics (cont.)..... 6-5: Elite Three Characteristics........... 6-6: Elite Three Characteristics (cont.)... 6-7: Elite Controller Characteristics...... 6-8: Physical Dimensions off Elite Drives..
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL A-16: A-17: A-18: A-19: A-20: A-21: CONTENTS 5-plus-3 Conversion Table............ Data encoding........................ Data Decoding........................ 6—plus—2 Encoding.................... 6—plus—2 Conversion Table............ Standard System Interleaves..........
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 0.0 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Congratulations! Now that you have bought one of the totally new elite Series products, you have done more for your Apple than Apple could do. If you are an Elite Controller card user, you’ll find it is designed specifically to solve one of the major problems sophisticated Apple II users have these days: too many cards, not enough slots. The Elite Controller’s ability to handle four drives from just one slot provides a perfect solution.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INTRODUCTION Products less expensive to run in the comparisions which count: price per kilobyte of drive storage and expandability per controller card purchased. We are proud off the Elite Series, and we know you will be too. Ta achieve the best results and the most enjoyment from your new Elite Product, we suggest you read this manual carefully. We have tried to avoid including too many technicalities hut,. if you feel we have gone beyond what you require, please hear with us.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 1. 1.1. INSTALLATION INSTALLATION Unpacking During unpacking, care should be taken to ensure that all tools are nonmaqnetic and do not inflict damage to the unit. Carefully unwrap the package and save the material which will be useful in the future for protection during storage or travel. Before attempting to use an Elite disk drive, check for a protective shipping diskette inside the drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION both the drive and the controller. Be sure to make the connection BEFORE installing the controller card into the Apple motherboard. If you are installing a second disk drive, you should connect: the ribbon cable from the second drive onto the next set. of pins down on the controller card marked “DRIVE 2”, taking the same precautions as above.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION you controller in that slot. 3. Insert the gold covered “fingers” into the slot and GENTLY rock the controller card into a firmly seated position. 4. Adjust your ribbon cables so they pass easily out through the back of the computer through the vertical openings in the rear of the case. 5. If you wish to install a second controller card, the same procedure outlined above would be used; except the “standard” slot number for second controllers is slot five.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION drive 1 connector drive 2 connector drive 3 connector drive 4 connector controller card Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION ribbon cable drive 1 connector to disk drive drive 2 connector controller card Fig.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 2. OPERATION OPERATING If the only Elite product you currently have is the Elite Controller, then this section probably won’t be off must interest to you. Since the Elite Controller has no switches (13/16 sector booting is automatic) and we haven’t, supplied you with a slot in the card in which you could insert a diskette, there is nothing’ which you could “operate”.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATION protected regardless of the PROTECT switch. Located next to the PROTECT switch is a small LED which, when on, indicates that the diskette is currently write-protected. This LED reflects write-protecting due to the switch or a tab on the diskette. An Elite drive will only permit writing on a diskette when this LED is off.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATION The best diskettes are those which give the most trouble—free recording, storage, and retrieval of information for the longest period of time. Look for those incorporating features which lead to minimum head abrasion and which shield the diskette from environmental hazards (like dust particles) in a strong, durable jacket. The following table illustrates a number of diskette manufacturers which Rana Systems has found produce consistently high quality media.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATION Recommended Diskettes for the Elite One Soft Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided Dysan Part Nbr. Ord. Nbr. Hard Sec. 16 Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided 104/1D 801787 107/1D 801014 Hard Sec. 10 Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided 105/1D 807188 Maxell Part Nbr. MD1-M MH1—10M MD1—16M Maxell does not use independent order numbers. Verbatim Part Nbr. Ord. Nbr.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATION R e c o m m e n d e d D i s k e t t e s for the E l i t e T w o Soft Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided Dysan Part Nbr. Ord. Nbr. Hard Sec. 16 Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided 104/1D 802060 107/1D 802062 Hard Sec. 10 Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided 105/1D 802061 Maxell Part Nbr. MD1-DM MH1—10DM MD1—16DM Maxell does not use independent order numbers. Verbatim Part Nbr. Ord. Nbr.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATION Diskettes for the Elite Three Soft Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided Dysan Part Nbr. Ord. Nbr. Hard Sec. 16 Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided 204/1D 802067 207/1D 800455 Hard Sec. 10 Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided 205/1D 802066 Maxell Part Nbr. MD2-DM -----Maxell does not use independent order numbers. Verbatim Part Nbr. Ord. Nbr.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 3. DOS ENHANCEMENTS ENHANCING APPLE‘S APPLE II DOS 3.3 Rana Systems’ Enhancements for Apple’s Apple II DOS 3.3 allow automatic accessing of 4 drives from the Rana Elite Controller Card and the additional capacity of the Elite Disk Drives. The Controller Card is capable of addressing any combination of Apple Disk II and Rana Elite Series Drives.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS made a backup copy of it, the backup copy can also be used. The Rana DOS Enhancements Diskette does not contain a copy of DOS and will not boot DOS into the computer. However, certain areas of the diskette are initialized ina DOS format, allowing those DOS programs on the Enhancer diskette to be run once the system is booted from a DOS master. The Rana Elite Enhancements Disk will be used to create a new enhanced DOS master diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS task, considering the vivid imagination of many users. These instructions have been written in a stepby—step manner, with some explanation of what is being done at each step. All of these instruc— tions have been tested at Rana to confirm that they are correct. In addition, several “early release” and later users also confirmed the accuracy of these instructions. Therefore, there is no reason for you not having complete success following these instructions.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Slot six is the normal location for your first controller, so unless you have something which conflicts, it is suggested. that you leave your system in a “slot six” configuration. (The DOS enhancements and associated utilities themselves won’t care, hut it will make things easier when following these instructions.) Drive one off of slot six will be referred to as your system, or hoot drive. Remove all diskettes from your drives, and then turn on your system.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS After the “6” sequence is typed on a non-autostart Apple (the part won’t show on the screen), your system drive should rattle for a moment and then Sit there quietly spinning. In both cases, the drive will end up waiting for you to insert a diskette; so indulge it by inserting your DOS master diskette (not the Enhancer diskette).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS to see more of the list. If MASTER CREATE is not on the diskette, you are not using an original Apple DOS 3.3 distribution diskette (or an exact copy af one). You will need to start over again using another diskette which does have MASTER CREATE on it. Once you’ve found MASTER CREATE, skip through the rest off the catalog listing (if there is more), by pressing: until the BASIC prompt shows up again. Now, you will need two diskettes (one now, one later).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS any other diskettes from any other drives. With the new diskette in the system drive, type: INIT HELLO and DOS will INITialize the diskette. The drive will rattle and spin for less than a minute, and then the BASIC prompt should reappear. The last thing INIT did was save a copy of whatever program was in memory during the INIT out onto the diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once DOS has loaded MASTER CREATE off the diskette, MASTER CREATE will display: DOS 3.3 MASTER-CREATE UTILITY COPYRIGHT 1980 BY APPLE COMPUTER INC.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS MASTER CREATE will come back with: REMEMBER THAT MASTER DOES NOT CREATE THE GREETING PROGRAM, OR PLACE IT IN THE DISK DIRECTORY THIS IS THE FILE NAME THAT WILL BE PLACED WITHIN THE IMAGE: HELLO PLACE THE DISKETTE TO BE MASTERED IN THE DISK DRIVE.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS When it is finished, it will respond with: THE DISKETTE HAS BEEN UPDATED, YOU MAY REMOVE IT AT THIS TIME. IF YOU WISH TO “MASTER” ANOTHER DISKETTE, PRESS (RETURN 1.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS No need to remove the diskette. Since no more is required of MASTER CREATE, just type (for all drives): and you will get: INSERT A SYSTEM DISKETTE AND PRESS [RETURN] TO REBOoT DOS So, of course, type: and your new DOS master will be magically booted for you. Now for a little enhancing. Remove the DOS master from the drive and insert the Rana Systems Enhancer Diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once loaded, ENHANCE will respond with: ENHANCE RANA SYSTEMS’ ENHANCER FOR APPLE’S APPLE ][ DOS VERSION 3.3 COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS ENHANCER VERSION 2.0 ENHANCEMENTS VERSION 2.0 INSERT DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER DISK INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE #1. PRESS WHEN READY TO READ DOS IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS TO TERMINATE THIS UTILITY. (You may have more up to date version numbers.) Remove the Enhancer diskette and newly created DOS master.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Since you will be enhancing the newly created DOS master, which is already in the drive, just type: and ENHANCE will replace the “stupid” DOS on the diskette with the enhanced smart” DOS. After the replacement has been made, ENHANCE will display: ENHANCEMENTS COMPLETE. REBOOT THE SYSTEM TO LOAD THE ENHANCED DOS 3.3. This message prompt.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once ENHANCE has displayed its message, insert the other INITialized diskette and press (Elite Three only): to tell ENHANCE to go ahead and read a copy of DOS off of that diskette. ENHANCE will then tell you when it is ready to write the modified DOS hack out to the diskette, and wait for you to press . Go ahead and press (Elite Three Only): When done, ENHANCE will again return you to the BASIC prompt.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS tions didn’t have to deal with any “strange” hello program you may have had on the diskette. You are now running under an enhanced DOS system master. It already will recognize extra drives on an Elite Controller (if you using one). However, it is still treating your drives as Disk II’s (the minimum case). 3.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS and PROFILE will then ask: ENTER DRIVE NUMBER (1—4) so type (without ): 1 PROFILE will then respond with: INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE #1. PRESS WREN READY to READ DOS IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS IF LOAD NO LONGER DESIRED.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS The last letter is the speed at which the drive is seeking from track to track: S = Slow (Disk if standard) M = Medium (Elite One standard) F = Fast (Elite Two and Three standard) Below the displayed: table, the following menu will be ENTER SELECTION (0-3) : 1) LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK 2) CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING 3) SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE TO DISK 0) TERMINATE PROFILE For now, you’ll just need to change the setting for drive one off of slot six (
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS So type (without ): 1 Now that you’ve told PROFILE which drive’s setting to change, it’ll need to know what is to be the new setting; so it will display: ENTER DRIVE TYPE (0-3) : 0 0) APPLE DISK-II ( 35 TRACKS) 1) RANA ELITE ONE ( 40 TRACKS) 2) RANA ELITE TWO ( 80 TRACKS) 3) RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS) PROFILE “pre—loads” your answer with the current setting for the drive (O=DISK -II).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS or, if you’re stuck with a Disk II, type: 0 PROFILE will then ask for the seek speed of the drive: ENTER SEEK SPEED (0-2) : 0) SLOW (DISK-II AND ELITE SERIES) 1) MEDIUM (ELITE SERIES ONLY) 2) FAST (ELITE TWO AND THREE) The “?” in the example will be the “pre-loaded” answer (default) for the type of drive you specified on the previous menu. The default will be the maximum possible seek speed for the drive model specified.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS PROFILE has only made your change to the copy of DOS it is holding in its storage areas. No changes have been made to any diskette copy or the copy which is running in memory. In order to make use of the change, it will have to be written to a diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS To update the diskette, type: and PROFILE will over-write the old enhanced DOS with the new one.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS The reason why this newly configured DOS probably won’t boot correctly is because you’ve told the DOS image on the diskette that your system drive is some special type of drive (assuming you’re not using a Disk II). But the diskette upon which this DOS is written is not formatted for use by the special drive operating at its full capacity. The next step is to create a diskette which is correctly formatted. Remove configured master hancer diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Type: and FORMAT will read in the DOS image from that diskette. After the image is in memory, FORMAT will ask: SLOT NUMBER (1-7)? 6 FORMAT is asking for the slot number of the drive to be used for formatting. Just like PROFILE, FORMAT has “pre—loaded” the message with the default response. Since the default is correct, type: And FORMAT will ask: DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? 2 This time FORMAT got the wrong default.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS FORMAT will then need to know: TYPE OF FORMAT TO PERFORM 0) APPLE DISK-II ( 35 1) RANA ELITE ONE ( 40 2) RANA ELITE TWO ( 80 3) RANA ELITE THREE (760 (0—3)? 0 TRACKS) TRACKS) TRACKS) TRACKS) Since the currently operating copy of DOS has not been updated, it told FORMAT that the drive you specified was set as a Disk II. Therefore, FORMAT will default to a Disk II format.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS The default FORMAT has provided is the standard Apple default which un—enhanced DOS’s INIT command would use. Therefore, simply type: Next FORMAT will inquire: HI FILE? HELLO FORMAT isn’t trying to be cute, it’s just that a short prompt like “HI FILE?” allows a full 30 character file name (allowed under DOS) to he typed all on one line. The “hi” file is the “hello” or “greeting” program’s name. For now, just type: to use the default (“HELLO”).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS For now, just type: to use the default (RUN ). That’s all the information FORMAT needs, so it will say: INSERT DISKETTE TN DRIVE. PRESS TO INITIALIZE, PRESS TO CHANGE PARAMETERS. Now is the time to remove configured master” from the drive and insert your second (or third) blank diskette (mentioned earlier). Remember, this diskette will be completely erased.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS When finished, FORMAT will display: DO ANOTHER DISKETTE (Y/N)? Type (without ): N and FORMAT prompt. will terminate back to the BASIC You now have a full capacity diskette for your system drive which will boot correctly, so type: PR#6 to try it out. A should be expected. “FILE NOT FOUND” message There is still one last thing which you need to do.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS PR#6 You should get a “FILE NOT FOUND” message. Then remove “unconfigured master” and insert the Enhancer diskette. Type (Elite Three only): BRUN CLONE Once CLONE is loaded, it will “sign on” with: CLONE RANA SYSTEMS’ 16-SECTOR DOS 3.3 5-INCH DISKETTE COPY UTILITY. COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS CLONE VERSION 2.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Next comes: DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)? 1 Just press (Elite Three only): The next question is: DISKETTE TYPE (0-0)? 0 Again, simply press (Elite Three only): That ends all the source drive/diskette tions.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS The last question is: DISKETTE TYPE (0-3)? 0 And for this question, respond with (Elite Three only, without ): 3 After which CLONE will display a notice concerning the use of the Elite Three backup diskette you have indicated you wish to create.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL In response, ): type DOS ENHANCEMENTS (Elite Three only, no Y and CLONE will once again prompt you to insert your source diskette. This time, the source diskette will be the Elite Enhancer diskette. The destination diskette will be your fourth diskette, which you’ve not used so far. Swap these diskettes back and forth as CLONE requests them, pressing when you have made the exchange.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS At this point, if you are a non-Elite Three system drive user, you should continue with the procedure. It is now necessary to transfer Apple’s utility FID onto your higher capacity diskette, so insert either your DOS 3.3 Master Diskette (if you are not using an Elite Three as your system drive), or the CLONE you made of the DOS 3.3 Master Diskette (if you are using an Elite Three as your system drive).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS And for the destination drive number, type: 1 FID will then ask for the name of the file to copy, so type: FID After which, FID will give you a chance to either press if you made an entry error, or to begin the copy. Assuming your entries were correct, type: FID will then being asking for the source and destination diskettes just like CLONE did. The source diskette is your DOS 3.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS The next step is to copy FID ENHANCE onto the “full capacity system master”. To do this, type: 1 to tell FID you want to copy another file. This time FID will only want to know the name of the file to copy, so type: FID ENHANCE Once more, FID will give you a chance to press if you typed the name wrong, or to proceed with the copy.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS FID will again tell you when it has completed the copy, and wait for you to press . So press: and the main menu will be redisplayed. You are finished using FID, so type: 9 to get back to BASIC. Now to modify FID so that the rest of the system master and Enhancer files can be copied.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS DELETE FID to get rid of the old FID. Then type: LOCK FIDR to keep the new FIDR safe. The last step is to transfer the remainder of the system master programs (supplied by Apple) and the Enhancer utilities onto your "full capacity system master. To do this, type: BRUN FIDR FIDR works exactly the same way FID does, as described in Apple’s The COS Manual.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS FIDR will then ask for the name of the file to copy. Indicate all files by typing: = Because you indicated more than one file, FIDR will want to know if you want “prompting”. Prompting allows you to say yes or no to each file before it is copied. In response to the question, type: Y to indicate you do want prompting. FIDR will then give you a chance to type if you entered something wrong, or to proceed with the copy.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS FIDR will then display a file name from source diskette, and wait for you to type: the Y or: N to specify either “yes” you want the file copied, or “no” you don’t want it copied.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once you’ve inserted this diskette, type: to tell FIDR it can continue. Eventually, after saying "yes" and "no" to alot of file names, and swapping the diskettes several times, FIDR will finally tell you it is finished. To tell FIDR to return to the main menu, press: Once back to the main menu, type: 1 to begin copying diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once again, FIDR will ask if you want prompting. This time, answer: N to tell FIDR to copy all the files without asking you. FIDR will again give you a chance, to press if you made a mistake, or if everything is okay. Given everything is okay, press: FIDR will then he gin asking for the source and destination diskettes.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once back at the menu, type: 9 to get back to BASIC. At this point, your “full capacity system master” is complete as far as your system drive is concerned. You will still need to refer to the instructions concerning the PROFILE utility later in this manual in order to configure your “full capacity system master” to talk to any other drives on your system.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS 4.ENHANCING MICROSOFT APPLE II CP/M 2.2 Rana Systems Enhancements for Microsoft’s Apple if 56K CP/M 2.2 allow automatic accessing of 4 drives from the Rana Elite Controller Card and the additional capacity of the Elite Disk Drives. The Controller Card is capable of addressing any combination of Apple Disk II and Rana Elite Series Drives.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS do. The 56K version of CP/M can he modified to support the Elite Series products without stealing space from the user’s memory area, because Rana used a little “hidden~ section of memory in the 16K RuM/Language Card (which -is required for 56K CP/M) which Microsoft left available.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS When hooted, the enhanced CP/M checks all the controllers in the Apple to determine which are Elite Controllers and which are Disk ][ controllers, starting from slot six and working backwards. Whenever an Elite Controller card is found, the next four CP/M drive letters will be assigned to the four drives of which the Elite Controller is capable. If a Disk It controller is found, then only the next two CP/M drive letters will be assigned to that card.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS tures, but don’t have all the CP/M utilities occupying the space the user needs to put to better use. The following steps will guide you in creating your enhanced CP/M master and demonstrate some of the functions of the Rana enhancement utilities. The additional features of these utilities and a detailed discussion of their operation is contained in a later section of this manual. The instructions for enhancing CP/M have been duplicated into two sub-sections.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 4.1. CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Using Multiple Drives These instructions detail a very specific approach to creating an enhanced CP/M for any valid combination of Elite drives, Elite Controllers, Disk 1! drives, and Disk ][ controllers which any user can possibly dream up. This places upon these instructions an almost impossible task, considering the vivid imagination of many users.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The length of these instructions is due to the fact that this will be your initial creation of an enhanced CP/M. Once this initial diskette is created, life becomes alot easier. Even though the instructions are lengthy, they are not terribly complex to follow.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Final Configuration Drive A: Drive B: Temporary Config.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS A Non-Autostart Apple will “beep” then display an asterisk (“*”) prompt right away. When this prompt appears, simply type: 6 When indicating those keys on the Apple ][ keyboard which are not just a single character (i.e. RETURN, CTRL, ESC, etc.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS When all goes well, one of your drives’ “busy” light will be on and the drive should be quietly spinning waiting for a diskette. Simply oblige it by inserting your CP/M master diskette from Microsoft. (Label should be up and the last thing to go in the door.) Then close the drive door slowly. The door may require a slight amount of force, but there should be no solid resistance against its closing.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once again CP/M will indulge you by displaying those files which Rana so nicely supplied you. (What a pair of nice companies, right?) (if you are an Elite Three user, keep in mind that your drive will read standard Apple diskettes.) This little exercise shows that the enhancer diskette should be okay. The next step is to format a blank diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS files as well as the system tracks will be erased. Format will normally detect an already formatted 16 sector disk and ask you to verify that you want the disk erased. This includes any DOS 3.3 or Apple Pascal diskettes you may have had lying around. If you plan on formatting an Elite Two or Three diskette (higher capacity) you should check the Recommended Diskettes section of this manual.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS You should then oblige it by typing: FORMAT will respond with: Formatting...
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The CP/M Operating System and all the utility programs on the Apple CP/M master now need to be copied onto your newly formatted disk. The original Microsoft COPY utility supplied on your Apple CP/M Master will do the job nicely. To get it started, type: COPY After COPY is loaded into memory, it will “sign on” by saying: APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility (C) 1980 Microsoft * The asterisk ready to go.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The utility will respond with: Insert MASTER disk into drive B: Insert SLAVE disk into drive A: Press RETURN to begin Type: COPY will then respond with: Copying... COPY will then proceed to read a little from drive B:, and then write it to drive A:; repeating this process until the entire diskette is copied.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Take your Apple CP/M Master Diskette from B: and put it away in a safe place. You should no longer need it except in an emergency. Then type: N to end the COPY utility. (Note: no is necessary.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS CP/M will load the CPM56 utility into memory, then the utility will display: Apple II CP/M 56K CP/M Disk Update Program (C) 1980 Microsoft Insert 16 sector disk into drive A: Hit RETURN to begin Since the system disk you want to update to 56K is the one you already have in drive A:, simply press: CPM56 will write out the 56K CP/M system image onto the diskette and then display: Disk has been updated to 56K Hit RETURN~T to re—boot system You will want to
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS and permanently place the Enhanced CP/M on the disk’s system tracks. The new copy of the CP/M Master disk should be in drive A: and the “A>” prompt should be on the screen. Place the Rana Elite Enhancements Disk in drive B: and type: B:ENHANCE Once CP/M gets the ENHANCE utility loaded, the utility will display: ENHANCE RANA Systems’ Enhancer for Microsoft’s Apple II 56K CP/M BIOS Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once that type: mouthful CP/M ENHANCEMENTS has finished displaying, ENHANCE will go out and replace those sections of the original Microsoft 56K CP/M with that information which is necessary to use the advanced features of the Rana Elite products. Once ENHANCE is finished, it will display: Enhancing completed. Press to reboot system from slot #6.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS CP/M will now give you a directory off that drive. (Wasn’t that fun!) In order to complete the enhanced CP/M master diskette, you will need to move the enhanced utilities onto the master diskette from the Enhancements diskette. The standard CP/M PIP utility is designed for this little task. (PIP stands for Peripheral Interchange Programs.) In order to make room for the new utilities on the master diskette, it will be necessary to remove the old ones first.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS by typing , and the “]” character is produced by typing . The Apple keyboard is not marked with (at least one of) these characters. If you are using a special keyboard modification or 80-column board, you will probably need to consult the manual for that product concerning special keyboard characters under CP/M. The next step is to create a system diskette which gives you the full storage capability of the drive you will be using as drive A:.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Formatter Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1.1 Format disk in which drive? In order to create a higher capacity diskette, you will need to choose, from the following table, whatever type of format would be suitable for the drive you currently have as drive B:.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS drive type for the drive being used as drive B:. FOR MAT cannot always catch that the drive was unable to handle the type of format you requested. The disk will appear to be correctly formatted but will cause a CP/M Disk I/O error or BDOS error at some later stage, or your new CP/M may not boot.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS without specifying any drive information. CP/M will eventually respond with “A>”. Before you can copy the system onto the diskette in drive B: in the correct format, you will need to inform the enhanced CP/M of drive B:‘s type. This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility. Just like the other utilities, get it started by typing: PROFILE its “sign on” is: APPLE ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS B:2 Once you’ve typed the drive type number, press: and PROFILE will respond with: Was B: Apple Disk-][ Slow seek. and: Now B: RANA Elite One, Medium seek. or: Now B: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek. or: Now B: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek. followed by: Ready to update in-memory system. to continue/retry; or to abort.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Since you, no doubt, entered the command correctly and received the response which would be correct for whichever type of drive you have as drive B:, simply press: and PROFILE will update the current operating CP/M so that it recognizes drive B: as whatever drive B: should he. After PROFILE updates the CP/M system, it will return to the asterisk (“*”) prompt. To get out of PROFILE, type (without ): CP/M will respond with “A>”.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once it’s loaded, it will respond with: APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1.1 * Once again, the “*” signals that COPY is ready for a command. This time, however, the command will he slightly different.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Since the two diskettes are already inserted, type: and copy will respond with: Copying... This time COPY will make one read on drive A:, and then one write on drive B:. The new COPY utility will place the CP/M system onto the diskette in drive B: in the proper format so that the diskette will later boot correctly using that drive (or another drive of the same type).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The enhanced CP/M master was never removed, so just type: and the CP/M “A>” prompt will appear. At this point in the procedures you have created a diskette which will boot correctly (up to a point) on the type of drive you will eventually be using as drive A:, but the CP/M system which is on the diskette for that drive still thinks that drive A: is a Disk ][.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Now let’s take a look at why the enhanced CP/M is treating all your drives just like Disk ][ drives. Type: B:=* This tells PROFILE to go Look at the drive configuration table contained within the enhanced CP/M system sitting on the diskette in drive B:, and tell you which drive letter (A: through P:) is set to which drive type. PROFILE will first ask for the diskette to be inserted into drive B: by saying: Insert a system disk in B:.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once the table is “read-in”, PROFILE will tell you the system configuration for which it is set Up: A: Apple Disk—][, * * * P:+ Slow seek. Slow seek. * The three vertical dots are supposed to indicate that the other drives (B: through 0:) will also be listed. After the drives are listed, PROFILE will display the asterisk (“*”) prompt again and wait for your next command. On your display, drives A: through H: will all be listed as Disk— if.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS ple) rate, so that is all that should be listed for now. To change the setting for drive A: within that system sitting out on the diskette in drive B:, type (without ): B:=A: What you’ve told PROFILE so far is that you are interested in updating the CP/M system in drive B: (“B:=”), and the change you wish to make is to drive A: (“A:”). However, you’ve yet to specify the change to be made.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once you’ve press: entered CP/M ENHANCEMENTS the drive type number, and PROFILE will respond with (again): Insert a system disk in B: to continue/retry; or to abort. Given that you entered the command correctly (of course you didl), press: and PROFILE should mutter something like: Was A: Apple Disk-][, Slow seek. and then: Now A: RANA Elite One, Medium seek. Now A: RANA Elite two, Fast seek.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS and always: Ready to update B:. to continue/retry; or to abort. The “Now" message you get will match the drive type you specified. To update the CP/M system on drive B:, type: and PROFILE will write out the new configuration. Now you can turn your Apple off (don’t worry about still being in PROFILE) and rearrange the drives into your final configuration.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS This command first tells CP/M where to find PIP (“B:PIP”), and then tells PIP to copy all files on drive B: (“B:*.*”) to drive A: (“A:=”) and verify that they made it correctly (“[V]”). Since PIP will he doing a whole hunch of files, it will display the name of each file as it is copied.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The easiest way to define within enhanced CP/M which type of drive is where is by specifying one long string of change commands, preceeded by: For example, if you have an Elite Two as drive B:, a Disk if as drive C:, an Elite One as drive D:, and another Disk if as drive E:, you would type: A:=B:2,C:0,D:1,E:0 Note that there is no need to respecify drive A: since it is already defined correctly.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS If you press , PROFILE will list all the “Was” and “NOW” changes that it made (under your direction), and then display: Ready to update A:. to continue/retry; or to abort. Once again, PROFILE gives you a chance to backout. If all the changes PROFILE listed were suitable to you, press: and PROFILE will update the “system image” on the diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS city (if you’re an Elite Two or Three user, this will make your day), look up the: STAT DSK: command in your Microsoft CP/M manuals.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS systems’ diskettes, but they generally do not understand the information which the other two systems’ place within the “sectors”. Remember, when it comes to the new Rana version of the FORMAT and COPY utilities, the instructions in this manual are intended to replace those instructions given in the very informative Microsoft CP/M manuals.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 4.2. CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Using a Single Drive These instructions detail a very specific approach to creating an enhanced CP/M for any valid combination of Elite drives, Elite Controllers, Disk if drives, and Disk if controllers which any user can possibly dream up. This places upon these instructions an almost impossible task, considering the vivid imagination of many users.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS created, life becomes alot easier. Even though the instructions are lengthy, they are not terribly complex to follow. In order to use Microsoft Apple If CP/M, you must have your disk controller card (Elite or Disk ][) in slot six. Your disk drive (Elite or Disk ][) must be attached to the first drive’s connector on the controller card (drive one). Turn on the computer without a disk in the drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The “6” command assumes that your disk controller card (Elite or Disk ][) is located in slot number six. If it isn’t, it should be moved to slot six (with power off, please) since CP/M will expect it to be there. Should either Integer or Applesoft BASIC’s prompt (“>“ or “]”) appear on the screen, then your Autostart Apple could not find your disk controller card.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS these enhancement procedures. The last thing your Apple should say is “A>”. This is your prompt to enter a command. A real quick one to try for you first time CP/H users is: DIR CP/M will indulge you by displaying the files which Microsoft so nicely included with the CP/M operating system. Enough playing, time to get back down to business.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS (Tough, right?) After CP/M loads the utility into memory, FORMAT will “sign on” by saying something like: Apple ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Formatter (C) 1980 Microsoft Format disk in which drive? If any part of your “sign on” message is different, you may have a newer version. In such a case, it would be wise to look up FORMAT in your CP/M manuals to make sure Microsoft didn’t change something for which these instructions have yet to be updated.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Three to read this diskette, it will all come out okay in the end. Once you have a diskette, take out the CP/M master and put in the blank diskette. Then type: A: FORMAT will respond with: Insert disk to be formatted in drive A: Press RETURN to begin You should then oblige it by typing: (RETURN> FORMAT will respond with: Formatting...
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS FORMAT will then respond with: Insert CP/M System disk in drive A: Press RETURN This smart little utility remembered you had taken the CP/M master diskette out of the drive so you could insert the blank disk to be formatted. Fallow its direction and remove the blank diskette and re—insert the CP/M master diskette. When you have it in, type: The CP/M system prompt (“A>”) should then appear.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The asterisk ready to go. (“*”) CP/M ENHANCEMENTS prompt indicates COPY is Following the prompt type: A:=A: The utility will respond with: Insert MISTER disk and press RETURN Type: COPY will then read as much of the CP/M master diskette as it can into memory.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS In response to this message you should insert the CP/M master and then type: COPY will proceed like this until the copy is completed. It will take about eight diskette exchanges (four inserts of each diskette) to complete the copy.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Since the diskette in the drive (the one which was the blank disk) now contains an exact copy of the CP/M master, go ahead and type: Once CP/M responds with its “A>”, you can check up on the COPY utility by typing DIR and seeing the directory of programs on the new CP/M master disk. The CPM56 utility from Microsoft must now be run to create a 56K operating system on your new master diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Since the system disk you want to update to 56K is the one you already have in drive A:, simply press: CPM56 will write out the 56K CP/M system image onto the diskette and then display: Disk has been updated to 56K Hit RETURN to re-Boot system You will want to work with this 56K system, so type: Your drive will rattle again and then CP/M will ~‘sign back on” with the Microsoft copyright message.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once CP/M gets the ENHANCE utility loaded, the utility will display: ENHANCE RANA Systems’ Enhancer for Microsoft Us Apple ][ 56K CP/M BIOS Copyright (C)(P) 7982 RANA Systems Version 1.1 BIOS Image Primary Copyright 1981 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems Insert a *COPY* of your Microsoft 56K CP/M 2.2 distribution diskette into drive A:. Please do *NOT* insert your original diskette from Microsoft.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once ENHANCE is finished, it will display: Enhancing completed. Press to reboot system from slot #6. Since you will want to start playing with the enhanced CP/M right away, press: and ENHANCE will re-boot the enhanced CP/M system. The first enhancement enhanced CP/M is the copyright notice right is an easy way to make enhanced CP/M. you will notice on the additional Rana Systems below Microsoft’s.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Type the following three CP/M commands. After each command, CP/M will simply respond with “A>”. ERA FORMAT. COM ERA COPY. COM ERA RW13.COM These three commands ERAsed the old FORMAT and COPY utilities, along with the little used (but still useful) utility RW13. RW13 was erased to make room for the SGLDRIVE utility on the already packed Disk ][ capacity CP/M master diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The final "mount" message comes from the section of SGLDRIVE which is left in memory as part of the operating system (CP/M) after the bulk of SGLDRIVE goes away. This extra little “resident” section of SGLDRIVE does not consume any of the user’s memory. It is loaded into that section of the operating system which is only required if you have more than one drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS SGLDRIVE converts CP/M’s request to read or write on drive B: into a request to do the same read or write on drive A: (which now has the “phoney” drive B:’s diskette in it). Along the same lines, whenever CP/M changes from talking to drive B: back to talking to drive A:, SGLDRIVE displays the message: Mount A:, Press This give you a chance to remove the “phoney” drive B: diskette and reinsert drive A:’s diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS CP/M will respond with it’s “A>”. Now issue the following four commands. After each command has completed, CP/M will respond with it’s “A>” prompt. Whenever SGLDRIVE asks you to “mount B:”, you should insert the Enhancer diskette and then press . When SGLDRIVE asks you to “mount A:”, you should insert the enhanced CP/M master diskette and then press . PIP PIP PIP PIP A: A: A: A: =B:FORMAT.COM[V] =B:COPY.COM[V] =B:PROFILE.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The first step in creating a system diskette for your higher capacity Elite drive is to format a diskette for the drive to use when it starts operating in a higher capacity way. Since you now have an enhanced CP/M, you can now run the new FORMAT utility in order to create these higher capacity diskettes.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once you have the drive type number from the table, type (without ): A: followed by the drive type number. For example, if you have an Elite Two, you would type: A:2 If you have an Elite One, you would type: A:1 And, if you have an Elite Three, you would type: A:3 You should be careful to specify the correct drive type for your drive. FORMAT cannot always catch that the drive was unable to handle the type of format you requested.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Insert that second blank diskette mentioned earlier, then type: which was FORMAT will respond with: Formatting... The drive will chatter and spin for almost a minute, (or two if formatting an Elite Two or Three diskette), then the screen will display: FORMAT Complete Format disk in which drive? To end the FORMAT utility, press: without specifying any drive information.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Before you can copy the system onto the new diskette in the correct format, you will need to define for the enhanced CP/M a drive which can read and write in the higher capacity format. This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility. Just like the other utilities, get it started by typing: PROFILE its “sign on” is: APPLE ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once you’ve typed the drive type number, press: and PROFILE will respond with: Was B: Apple Disk-][ Slow seek. Now B: RANA Elite One, Medium seek. Now B: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek. and: or: or: Now B: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek. followed by: Ready to update in-memory system. to continue/retry; or to abort.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS little confusing since drive B:, when using SGLDRIVE, will actually he drive A: (the only drive you have). However, its actually not all that complicated. Whenever CP/M goes to talk to drive B:, it will think it is talking to a higher capacity Elite Drive. SGLDRIVE will take care of the fact that drive B: is actually drive A: (with a different diskette inside). When CP/M goes to talk to drive A:, it will think of it as a Disk It.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS and of course, if you’re an Elite Three user, type: D:3 PROFILE will then go through all the same steps it did when you redefined drive B:, except this time it will apply to drive D:. Once you get back to the asterisk (“*”) prompt, type (without ): to get out of PROFILE. CP/M will respond with “A>”.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once it’s loaded, it will respond with: APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1. 1 * Once again, the “*” signals that COPY is ready for a command. This time, however, the command will be slightly different.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Since COPY knows nothing of this little diskette change that occurred, it will respond with: Insert SOURCE disk into drive A: Insert TARGET disk into drive B: Press RETURN to begin With SGLDRIVE running, this message is basically redundant, so just press: SGLDRIVE will then request: Mount A:, Press Change the diskette in the drive back to the enhanced CP/M master and press: SGLDRIVE will then allow COPY to proceed with reading the CP/M system off
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS COPY will then continue by writing the enhanced CP/M to the higher capacity diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The enhanced CP/M master is already in the drive in response to COPY’s request for it, SO just hit: CP/M will finally respond with its “A>. At this point in the procedure you have created a diskette which will boot correctly (up to a point) on your higher capacity drive in a higher capacity way, but the CP/M system which is on the diskette for that drive still thinks that your drive is a Disk ][.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS What you’ve told PROFILE so far is that you are interested in updating the CP/M system in drive B: “B:=”) (with the help of SGLDRIVE), and the change you wish to make is to drive A: (“A:). However, you’ve yet to specify the change to be made. Remember that drive type number you used back in FORMAT and PROFILE? It’s time to type that again.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Given that you entered the command correctly (of course you did!), insert your higher capacity diskette in the drive and press: Since PROFILE will then make an attempt to read the information off of phoney drive B:, SGLDRIVE will come back with: Mount B:, Press SGLDRIVE is just doing it’s job, even though the higher capacity diskette is already in the drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS and PROFILE will continue with: Now A: RANA Elite One, Medium seek. or: Now A: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek. or: Now A: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek. and always: Ready to update B:. to continue/retry; or to abort. The “Now” message you get will match the drive type you specified.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Since the diskette is already inserted, press: and PROFILE will continue by writing out the new configuration. When its finished, it will return to the asterisk (“*”) prompt. To get out of PROFILE, insert the enhanced CP/M master into the drive and type: SGLDRIVE will catch the change in drives and do its little: Mount A:, Press The enhanced CP/M master is already inserted, so just type: CP/M will then respond with its “MA>” prompt.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Once you’re done reading, type: PIP B:=A: *.*[V] This command first tells PIP to copy all files on drive A: (“A:*.*”) to drive B: (“B:=”) and verify that they made it correctly (“[V]”). Since PIP will be doing a whole bunch of files, it will display the name of each file as it is copied.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Amidst all of these very abundant “mount” requests from SGLDRIVE, PiP will report the name of each file as it begins copying the file. There are alot of files on the CP/M distribution diskette (and thus on the enhanced CP/M master), so there will be alot of diskette changes; but without SGLDRIVE, this little single drive file— by—file copy would be impossible. And, without this copy, creating a higher capacity system master would be impossible.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS For a Disk It drive, STAT will respond with the following: A: 1024: 128: 48: 48: 128: 8: 32: 3: Drive Characteristics 128 Byte Record Capacity Kilobyte Drive Capacity 32 Byte Directory Entries Checked Directory Entries Records/ Extent Records/ Block Sectors/ Track Reserved Tracks The drive capacity in records and kilobytes is what will primarily interest you. Also, a quick explanation: the 32 sectors/track is correct.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Remember, when it comes to the new Rana version of the FORMAT and COPY utilities, the instructions in this manual are intended to replace those instructions given in the very informative Microsoft CP/M manuals.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6. SPECIFICATIONS 6.1. Introduction This section of the manual provides specifications for the entire Elite Series of products. Most off the information is of a highly technical nature, so it may or may not he of interest to you. At this stage, the general user should know that familiarity with the technical information to follow is not required to obtain the best performance from any Elite Series product.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Capacity Track to Track Access Tune Maximum Access Time Average Access Time Number of Heads Number of Cylinders Number of Tracks Number of Sectors/Track Track Density Rotational Speed Recording Frequency Recording Density Inside Track Maximums Weight Reliability MTBF M72TR Design Life Soft Error Rate Hard Error Rate Seek Error Rate Media Interface Average Latency Motor Start Time SPECIFICATIONS 163K Bytes 15ms 450ms 150ms 1 40 40 16 48 TPI 295 RPM 250 KHZ 5536 FCI 4429 BPI 5 lbs
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Power Requirements +5 VDC Standby +5 VDC Active +12 VDC Standby +12 VDC Active +12 VDC Surge Operating Temp. Non operating Temp. Operating Humidity Nonoperating Humidity Max Wet Bulb SPECIFICATIONS 35mA 50mA 40mA 300mA 450mA 40F - 115F -40F - 160F 20% - 80% (nancond.) 5% - 95% (noncond.) 85F Fig. 6-2: Elite One Characteristics (cont.) Specifications are approximations based on industry standard testing.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Capacity Track to Track Access Time Maximum Access Time Average Access Time Number of Heads Number of Cylinders Number of Tracks Number of Sectors/Track Track Density Rotational Speed Recording Frequency Recording Density Inside Track Maximums Weight Reliability MTBF MTTR Design Life Soft Error Rate Hard Error Rate Seek Error Rate Media Interface Average Latency Motor Start Time SPECIFICATIONS 326K Bytes 5ms 210ms 84ms 2 40 80 16 48 TPI 295 RPM 250 KHZ 5876 FCI 4700 BPI 5 lbs 4 o
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Power Requirements +5 VDC Standby +5 VDC Active +12 VDC Standby +12 VDC Active +12 VDC Surge Operating Temp. Nonoperating Temp. Operating Humidity Nonoperating Humidity Max Wet Bulb SPECIFICATIONS 35mA 50mA 40mA 300mA 450mA 40F - 115F -40F - 160F 2O% - 8O% (noncond.) 5% - 95% (non cond.) 85F Fig. 6-4: Elite Two Characteristics (cont.) Specifications are approximations based on industry standard testing.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Capacity Track to Track Access Time Maximum Access Time Average Access Time Number of Heads Number of Cylinders Number of Tracks Number of Sectors/Track Track Density Rotational Speed Recording Frequency Recording Density Inside Track Maximums Weight Reliability MTBF MTTR Design Life Soft Error Rate Hard Error Rate Seek Error Rate Media Interface Average Latency Motor Start Time SPECIFICATIONS 652K Bytes 5ms 420ms l50ms 2 80 160 16 96 TPI 295 RPM 250 KHZ 5922 FCI 4737 BPI 5 lbs 4
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Power Requirements +5 VDC Standby +5 VDC Active +12 VDC Standby +12 VDC Active +12 VDC Surge Operating Temp. Nonoperating Temp. Operating Humidity Nonoperating Humidity Max Wet Bulb SPECIFICATIONS 35mA 50mA 40mA 300mA 450mA 40F— 115F -40F - 160F 2O% - 8O% (noncond.) 5%-95% (noncond.) 85F Fig. 6-6: Elite Three Characteristics (cont.) Specifications are approximations based on industry standard testing.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Interfacing Capability 4 Drives PROM Sizes 6502 Boot Logic 2K Bytes State Machine 256/512 Bytes GCR Data Frequency 250 KHZ Weight 1 lb Reliability MTBF 35,000 Hours MTTR .25 Hours Design Life 10 Years Interface System Apple II Bus Drives Disk II Compatible Power Req. (excluding drives) +5 VDC Standby 140mA +5 VDC Active 340mA Operating Temp. 40F — 115F Non operating Temp. -40F - 160F Operating Humidity 20% - 80% (noncond.) Non operating Humidity 5% — 95% (noncond.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6.2. Mechanical Dimensions The following two figures give the physical dimensions of the Elite Series drives and the Elite Controller.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6.3 Controller to Drive Interface Pin Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Signal (originates) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase A (ctlr) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase B (ctlr) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase C (ctlr) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase D (ctlr) Not Connected - Activate Writing (ctlr) +5v +5v +12V — Select Drive (ctlr) +12V +/— Read Data (drive) +12V +/— Write Date (ctlr) +12V + Write Protect (drive) Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The Elite drives/controller divided into two categories: SPECIFICATIONS interface can be 1.Signal. 2. Power. The following sections provide the electrical definition for each line. Refer to the preceding figure for all interface connections. Timing diagrams for the signals are provided in the Elite Series Service Manual. 6.4. Signal Interface The signal interface consists of two categories: 1.Control. 2. Data transfer.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6.4.1. Control Signals AU control signals originate at the controller, and are of two types: those intended to be multiplexed in a multiple drive system, and one which will perform the multiplexing. Drive Select The input signal intended to do the multiplexing is the drive selection signal.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS When this signal is high, the drive motor and the busy light are turned off, the input control and the output status lines are disabled, and unused sections of the drive’s electronics (Elite series) are powered down. There is an intentional delay incorporated on both the Elite and Disk II controller cards which keeps a drive selected for a little over one second after the software gives the command to deselect the drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Although a newly selected drive will not return valid data until the motor comes up to speed, the software need not incorporate any timing delays before attempting a read provided the motor-on time is taken into account in any retry logic. Since a 500ms motor-on time is a maximum, the system software can usually shorten the delay by sampling the drive’s returned data until valid data begins to appear.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS completely disables the write logic and enables the read data logic and stepper logic. 6.4.2. Data Signals Read Data This interface line returns to the controller card the magnetic polarity of the section of the diskette (side) which is currently passing under the (selected) read/write head. When a section of media with a particular magnetic polarity is passing under the (selected) read/write head, this interface line will be a logical low.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS ize the disk (side) with a particular polarity. A logical low level will cause the (selected) read/write head to magnetize the disk (side) using the opposite polarity. This line is only enabled when the Activate Writing signal is enabled. Write Data is inactive during a read operation A Write Data clamp is provided within the drive logic to hold the Write Data line at a logical zero whenever Activate Writing is inactive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS card. The two DC voltages, their specifications and their interface pin designators are given in various tables earlier in this section.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7. OPERATIONAL THEORY OF ELITE PRODUCTS 7.1. Elite Drives 7.1.1.General Operation The Elite Series drives consist of read/write, control, and drive motor electronics; drive mechanism; read/write head; and an advanced track positioning mechanism. These components perform the following functions: 1. Interpret and generate control signals. 2. Move the read/write head to the desired track. 3. Read and write data. 4. Control drive motor speed. 5.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7.1.2.Read/Write/Control Logic The electronics are packaged on one PCB which contains: 7. Read/write head positioning drivers. 2. Write current drivers. 3. Read amplifier and transition detectors. 4. Write protect detectors and latches a. Diskette b. Panel switch 5. Drive select circuits. 6. Drive motor control circuits. 7. Head selection detection and latch circuits (Elite Two and Three). 7.1.3.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7.1.4. Head Positioning Mechanisms An electrical stepping motor and an advanced head positioning mechanism position the read/write head. Clockwise and counter-clockwise rotations of the stepper motor are translated into linear head movement via one off two mechanisms discussed below. The Apple system software increments the stepper motor to the desired track by directly signalling the drive electronics which stepper motor phases to power on and off.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION is highly unlikely as the system is pre—ten— sioned (reducing angular and linear inertia) to allow greatly improved track to track access times. Lead Screw Positioning In some Elite One designs, the stepper motor rotates a lead screw. The four—start lead screw is threaded through a type of "nut" which is part of the read/write head carriage assembly.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION This precision registration insures perfect compliance with the read/write head. The diskette is loaded against the head when the drive door is closed. The read/write head is in direct contact with the diskette, so the head surface has been designed to obtain maximum signal transfer to and from the magnetic surface of the diskette with minimum friction and wear.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7.2. Elite Controller 7.2.1. Introduction The four disk drives allowed with each Elite Controller card are grouped into two pairs with drives 1 and 2 (Bank 0) selected when power is first applied. They may be addressed using the standard “Dl” and D2” used by most Apple software. With a special command to the controller to select Bank 1, drives 3 and 4 will respond as if they were drives 1 and 2.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7.2.2. Booting The Rana boot code automatically detects the format, whether 13 or 16 sector, and loads the initial boot sector (track 0, sector 0). On 13 sector booting, control is immediately transferred to the second stage boot code (loaded at $300—$3FF) via a jump to $301. On 16 sector booting, the boot sector is loaded at $800—$8FF.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION DOS 3.3 re-enters at $Cn5C using a 6502 JMP. When the PROM is finished, the second stage expects it to transfer control back, via a JMP, to $801. DOS 3.2.1 does not expect the boot PROM to try to decode the data read on the later calls (the boot sector is a special encoding scheme which differs from the rest of a 13 sector disk). However, DOS 3.3 does require the boot PROM to decode on these later sectors.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION which maps into $C800-$CEFF, is intended to be used at this location. The second section is mapped into the slot-dependent location in the Apple memory as illustrated in the table below. Slot Memory Address for EPROM ($700-$ 7FF) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (not allowed) $C100—$C1FF $C200—$C2FF $C300—$C3FF $C400—$C4FF $C500—$C5FF $C600—$C6FF $C700—$C7FF Fig. 7-2: Slot Dependent PROM Address Ranges This slot dependent portion of the EPROM is always there.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL code to map out all other without affecting itself. THEORY OF OPERATION controllers’ ROMs This mapping of the 2K peripheral RCA space ($C800-$CFFF) is a convention maintained by nearly all of the hardware and software developers. The partitioning of the EPROM is performed by u16 (7418257) and selection of the expansion portion is done by U7 (74L574) and U16 (74LS257). Decoding of the off instruction is performed by U15 (74LS30).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7.2.6. THEORY OF OPERATION Addressable Latch The addressable latch is used to store the oper— ating mode of the controller including the selected disk drive, the phase of the stepper motor, the motor enable state, and the function currently being performed. 7.2.7.Alternate Pair Select Logic Selection of the second pair of disk drives is accomplished by detecting a write to the peripheral expansion area which normally contains ROM.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION of the EPROM and the serial to parallel converter are controlled to insure that no contention ever occurs on the bus. 7.2.9. Controller Command Structure The Elite Controller Card responds to three types of commands. The first type is the device command, characterized by bringing the DEV line low as shown in the following table. (See the Apple II Reference Manual for an explanation of the DEV line.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION Each block of sixteen addresses permits eight commands (on and off for each).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION Function hits 0 and 1 determine the mode off the controller: Controller Mode Read From Disk Sense Write Protect Write To Disk Load Data Byte (Write) Bit 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 0 0 1 0 1 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION The second type of command is the bank select command, characterized by a write by the Apple CPU to the address space occupied by the controller ‘S EPROM. The bank select commands are only enabled when the controller’s EPROM is switched into the peripheral expansion space. An LED indicates when drives 3 and 4 (Bank 1) are selected.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7.2.10. THEORY OF OPERATION Power-On Reset Unlike early Apple II computers, a power-on reset circuit has been included to insure the controller assumes the correct quiescent mode when power is first applied. This is implemented with a timer circuit that pulls the reset line down in a “wire—or” fashion. After approxi— mately 0.2 seconds, the reset line is released. This circuit does not interfere with the normal operation of the reset line. 7.2.11.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7.2.12. THEORY OF OPERATION Direct Use of Disk Drives It is often necessary to access the drives directly from assembly language, without the use of DOS. This is done using a section of 16 addresses that are latched toggles, interfacing directly to the hardware. There are eight two byte toggles that essentially represent pulling a TTL line high or low. Applications which could use direct access range from a user written operating system to DOS—independent utility programs.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ADDRESS LABEL $C0B0 $C081 $C082 $C083 $C084 $C084 $C085 $C086 $C086 $C087 $C088 $C089 $C08A $C08B $C08C $C08D $C08C $C08D DESCRIPTION PHSOOF PHSOON PBSlOF PHS1ON PHS2OF PHS2ON PHS3OF PHS3ON PHS4OF PHS4ON MTROFF MTRON DRVOEN DRV1EN Q6L Q6H Q7L Q7R Q7L Q7L Q7N Q7H after after after after Page 7-19 Q6L Q6H QEL Q6M THEORY OF OPERATION Stepper Phase 0 Off Stepper Phase 0 On Stepper Phase 1 Off Stepper Phase 1 On Stepper Phase 2 Off Stepper Phase 2 On Stepper Phase 3 Off Stepper
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION The following are typical examples of the use of device address assignments (slot #6 is assumed and the X-reg contains $60). Stepper Phase Off/On Each of the four phases (0-3) must be turned on and off again. In ascending order, the arm is moved inward, in descending order the ann is moved outward. The timing between accesses to these locations is critical and the SEEK command in RWTS should be used to move the arm.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL LDA ASL STA LDA ASL #DSTTRK A TEMP1 #SRCTRK A CMP BEQ BCS ADC BCC TEMP 1 DONE MOVOUT #1 MOVE SBC #1 THEORY OF OPERATION LOOP: MOVOUT: MOVE: PHA AND ASL STA TXA ORA TAY LDA JSR PLA TAY LDA JSR PLA JMP #$03 TEMP2 TEMP2 $C080,Y DELAY $C080,Y DELAY LOOP DONE: Page 7—21
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION Motor Off/On LDA $C088,X Turn Motor Off LDA $C089,X Turn Motor On NOTE: A delay should be provided to allow the motor to come up to speed. DOS will keep this delay to a minimum by watching the read latch until data starts to change. Motor—on timing characteristics for the Elite Series drives can be found elsewhere in this manual.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION Select Bank TXA LSR LSR LSR ORA STA LDY STY LDA LDA LDY STA LDA Build $Cn00 address to access controller slot dependent PROM. #$CO ZPAGE+ 1 #$OO ZPAGE $CFFF (ZPAGE),Y #BANK $C800,Y $CFFF Map out other boards Map in Elite Controller Select Bank 0/1 Map out Elite Controller Read a Byte READ LDA BPL $CO8C,X READ NOTE: $CO8E,X must already have been accessed to assure Read mode. The loop is necessary to as— sure that the accumulator will contain valid data.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION Sense Write Protect LDA $C08D,X LDA $C08E,X BMI ERROR PROTECTED Sense write protect High bit set, protected. Write Load/Write a Byte LDA DATA STA $C08D,X ORA $C08C,X Write Load Write byte NOTE : $C08F,X must already have been accessed to insure Write mode and a 100 microsecond delay should be invoked before writing.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION Because of hardware constraints, data bytes must be written in 32 processor (6502) cycle loops. The following example illustrates an immediate load of the accumulator followed by a write. Because timing is critical, different routines may be necessary depending upon how the data is to be accessed and code cannot cross memory page boundaries without an adjustment. See the following sample write program.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 8. MAINTENANCE USER LEVEL MAINTENANCE The Elite Controller card has no moving or electrically adjustable parts, so there is no regular maintenance required. On the other hand, the Elite Series drives, like other disk drives, are very mechanical products and should have an annual “check-up”.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE As of yet, no cleaning diskette can be authorized for use on the Elite Two and Three drives. This is due to the difference in the structural design of the second read/write head on these drives from the structure of the primary head shared among all the Elite drives. If you decide to make use of the Perfect Data Systems diskette on an Elite One (or Disk II), make absolutely sure that the second (upper) surface of the cleaning diskette is covered.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE dealer is authorized as a Rana service center. It’ your dealer is not an authorized Rana service center, then give Rana a call directly for information on the regional service depot nearest you. Correct maintenance insures greater data reliability and a longer drive life span. 8.1. Handling The Elite Series drives, unlike computer, are mechanical devices with moving parts. They are perhaps delicate than the computer and must gently.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE manufacturers: 1. Whenever handling diskettes do not touch the recording surface. Touch them only on the plastic jacket. 2. After you have finished using a diskette do replace it in its protective envelope immediately. If you leave a diskette exposed; dust, debris, cigarette smoke and other atmospheric pollutants can Quickly cause damage to the recorded data. 3. When writing an ID label for the diskette do not use a hard pen, such as a ball point.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE can easily attach itself to the diskette surface causing loss of data. 8. Always load the diskette gently into the disk drive so it doesn’t bend or center improperly. That causes the diskette to rotate eliptically, missing data. 9. Always place the XD label in the rear right or left corner of the jacket. It will act as a guide to handling and inserting the diskette into the drive. 10. Do not expose disks to strong sunlight.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE and how much protection you wish to give to the data on your diskettes. 8.3. Back—up Diskettes If you are ever in the position where you have information you cannot afford to lose, make a back-up copy (or even two copies) of the diskette and store the copies in a safe place, using the write protect feature described below. 8.4.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE is set for write protect, the diskette will be protected. A write protected diskette will always be treated as write protected. A write enabled diskette can be write protected without removing it from an Elite Series drive by pressing the special PROTECT switch on the front panel of the drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE WRITE PROTECT TAB WRITE PROTECT NOTCH UNPROTECTED WRITE PROTECTED Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9. ENHANCED DOS UTILITIES This section deals with the use of each of the enhanced DOS 3.3 utilities individually, in order to provide you with the information you need to use the utilities for more than just enhancing your DOS. If you do not use DOS, then this section will prove to be of little interest to you. The Rana Systems enhancements to Apple’s DOS 3.3 consist of five system utilities: FORMAT, CLONE, PROFILE, ENHANCE, and FID ENHANCE.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. various Elite drives and the Disk II drive. In addition to full diskette copies, CLONE will copy just the (enhanced) DOS system from one diskette to another so that old diskettes can be updated; and new bootable Elite capacity diskettes can he created. PROFILE gives you the flexibility to redefine the arrangement of the drives on your system to suit your needs.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9. 1. FORMAT Utility The enhanced FORMAT utility is designed to replace the INIT command which is part of the original DOS. The new utility is capable of formatting a diskette just like INIT did, but the new one can also format the higher capacity diskettes used by the Elite Series drives. To get into the FORMAT utility, boot up your enhanced DOS diskette containing FORMAT and type: BRUN FORMAT This will work under Applesoft BASIC.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. FORMAT assume that it was run from an enhanced DOS master diskette, and therefore assumes it can read a copy of the operating system off the same diskette. If FORMAT was not run from an enhanced system master, you will need to insert a system master into the indicated drive before pressing .
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. which you either answered wrong or for which have changed your mind, simply press each question you need to “back up” past. don‘t need to type once you reach input you wish to change, simply type the response. you for You the new Most of FORMAT’s questions have single key responses, and once you answer the question FORMAT moves on to the next question without your having to press .
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. you ran FORMAT. Instead it will be the “others drive depending upon the drive from which FORMAT was ran. For instance, if FORMAT was run from drive 1, would be 2. If FORMAT was run from drive 2, would be 1. If FORMAT was run from drive 3 (Elite Controller), would be 4. And last but not least, if FORMAT was run from drive 4, would be 3.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. completely independent of how the drive is defined (see PROFILE) under the enhanced DOS, however it is not completely independent of the actual drive being used to do the formatting.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. The Elite Three is capable of performing any of the format types, but the resulting diskette is not interchangeable with a non-Elite Three drive. For instance, an Elite Two diskette formatted using an Elite Three cannot be used by an Elite Two drive. In addition, the “special” diskette cannot even be used by an Elite Three drive unless the drive is redefined using PROFILE to be of the same type as the formatted diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. After you’ve specified the format type, you will be asked: VOLUME NUMBER (1-254)? 254 On this question, the default is always 254, which is the standard default used by the original INIT command. If you wish a different volume number, just type it in followed by . If the default number is okay, just type without anything else. After you specify the volume number, FORMAT will want to know the hello file name.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. Unlike the INIT command, FORMAT will not save the hello file onto the diskette once the diskette is formatted. This is because FORMAT is also a program, and only one program can fit into memory at one time. This means that the only program FORMAT would have around to save as the hello file is FORMAT itself, and its unlikely that is the hello program you will want.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. You can either type one of the menu item letters without following it with if you don’t want the default (A), or you can simply press (RETURN> to accept the default. If this selection confuses you, simply press and FORMAT will default to exactly what the INIT command did. Since that is the last piece of information FORMAT needs to know, it will display: INSERT DISKETTE IN DRIVE. PRESS TO INITIALIZE, PRESS TO CHANGE PARAMETERS.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. DISKETTE CONTAINS DATA. INITIALIZE ANYWAYS (Y/N)? If it is okay to format the diskette, simply type without any . If you didn’t expect the diskette to be already formatted, type and FORMAT will not format the diskette. Once FORMAT has finished with the formatting, or if you specify to the “initialize anyways?” question, FORMAT will ask: DO ANOTHER DISKETTE (Y/N)? Once again you can respone or .
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9.2. CLONE Utility The CLONE utility is very similar to the COPY and COPYA utility supplied by Apple on their Apple DOS 3.3 Master Diskette. In fact, CLONE is the enhanced DOS ‘s replacement for the two Apple utilities. To get into the CLONE utility, boot up your enhanced DOS diskette containing CLONE and type: BRUN CLONE This will work under Applesoft BASIC.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. Since CLONE will also copy an entire diskette (just like COPY and COPYA), the first question it will as is which type of copy you wish CLONE to perform (as shown above). The default is “whole diskette” copy, which means you can simply press (RETURN> to specify that copy type. Pressing <0> will also tell CLONE to copy the entire diskette. Pressing <1> will indicate to CLONE that you wish only the DOS to be copied.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? where is the drive number from which you ran CLONE. The also refers to the drive in which you will he inserting the source diskette. You can simply press if is correct. If you wish to specify a different drive number, press the new number.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. the capacity for which the drive is defined. Given that restriction, CLONE will treat either diskette the way you specify in response to this question (for the source) and a later question (for the destination). But you are still restricted by what the drives being used are physically capable of doing.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. Elite Three is used in the copy process when not performing a straight Elite Three to Elite Three copy. It is possible to use the Elite Three as the source drive for all types of diskette copies. This goes right along with the standard Elite Three usage rule that it can read any of the lesser storage capacity diskettes. When the Elite Three is used as the destination drive, a very special point needs to be remembered.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL destination number. drive, ENHANCED DOS UTIL. simply press the correct CLONE will allow you to specify the same drive as both the source and destination drive. In this case, CLONE will give you a change to change diskettes during the copying process. After the comes: destination slot number question DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)?
- where (dd> is the default destination drive number. Once again,
- will be used if you just press .
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. than the source diskette type. Also, since CLONE will not restructure the diskette’s directory or associated information when copying from a lesser capacity diskette to a higher capacity diskette, there is only one real reason to specify a diskette type different from that specified for the source diskette: copying nonElite Three diskette files to Elite Three diskette files when you have only one drive and its an Elite Three.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. diskette data into a structure which is compatible with the Elite Three, hut which will not have the full storage capacity of the Elite Three. Then FIDR can be used to copy the individual files from the restructured diskette onto a full capacity Elite Three diskette. Back to CLONE itself.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. TERMINATE THIS UTILITY. After you allow CLONE to proceed (whole diskette or DOS only), it will read as much information from the source diskette as it can fit into memory, and then write the information to the destination diskette. If you specified a single drive copy, then CLONE will first request: PLEASE INSERT THE DESTINATION DISKETTE AND PRESS TO CONTINUE.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. the “insert source/both diskettes” prompt. You can change the copy type (whole or DOS only), the drives, and/or the diskette types, before making another copy by pressing for the “insert diskettes” prompt. Special note concerning DOS-only copies: During a DOS only copy (and not during a whole diskette copy) the DOS copy which.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. configuration table on the source diskette must be set (using PROFILE) correctly for the boot slot and drive prior to copying the DOS to the destination diskette. The other option is to use PROFILE to change the table setting on the destination diskette after the copy has been made, but PROFILE will require that the drive containing the DOS to he changed be defined (in the currently hooted DOS) to match the way the DOS is structured on the diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9.3. PROFILE utility The PROFILE utility is the heart of the enhanced DOS system. It is this utility which allows you to tell DOS where various drive models are located on your system, and also allows you to declare the drive as a different model (an Elite Two as a Disk TI, for example) to allow you to read and create diskettes to be interchanged with other Apple II DOS systems.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. the DOS to be modified led is located. If you type , PROFILE will return you to BASIC. PROFILE is very dependent upon how you have your drives defined under the currently in use DOS. Whenever you specify to PROFILE that It is to read a copy of DOS off of a particular diskette, PROFILE assumes that the DOS will be arranged on the diskette according to the way the drive is defined.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. After you have entered the two numbers, PROFILE will prompt you with: INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #, DRIVE #. PRESS WREN READY TO READ DOS IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS IF LOAD NO LONGER DESIRED. and are the slot and drive numbers you specified. If you‘ve changed your mind and no longer wish to change any drive definitions, you can type and PROFILE will return you to BASIC.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. immediately after the first five characters as follows: S = Slow (Disk II standard) M = Medium (Elite One standard) F = Fast (Elite Two and Three standard) This displayed table shows how each drive position which is possible on the Apple II is currently defined. Including drive positions for which there are no controllers or drives at the present time.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. If you select any of the first three items, PROFILE will ask you the slot and drive number questions which it asked you when you first ran PROFILE. However, the drive PROFILE is asking for varies with the menu item you selected. For item 1 (load new DOS image), PROFILE will be asking for the drive from which you wish to load the new copy of DOS.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. After specifying the drive to be redefined under item 2, PROFILE will ask: ENTER DRIVE TYPE (0-3) 0) APPLE DISK-II ( 35 1) RANA ELITE ONE ( 40 2) RANA ELITE TWO ( 80 3) RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS) TRACKS) TRACKS) TRACKS) will be the current setting for the drive as reflected in the table at the top of the screen. If you simply press , the definition will be left unchanged.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. screen, and then return to the main menu. The change which was made still needs to he saved to a diskette, otherwise the redefined system cannot be booted. Main menu item 3 (save DOS image) is used to save the redefined DOS. After PROFILE requests the slot and drive numbers for item 3, it will say: INSERT FORMATTED DISKETTE TO RECIEVE ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER IMAGE INTO SLOT #, DRIVE #. PRESS WREN READY TO WRITE DOS IMAGE FROM MEMORY.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9.4. ENHANCE Utility The ENHANCE utility is intended as a one—timeonly utility. Once you’ve performed the DOS enhancements outlined earlier in this manual, ENHANCE is no longer needed. The FORMAT and CLONE utilities are used to make new enhanced DOS system master diskettes. It is not necessary the use ENHANCE to keep enhancing every new DOS system diskette you create. The earlier DOS enhancing instructions are essentially the instructions for using ENHANCE.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9.5. FID ENHANCE Utility The FID ENHANCE utility does for Apple’s FID utility what ENHANCE did for Apple’s DOS. It makes it more intelligent. FID, as it exists in its original form from Apple (supplied by Apple on the DOS master diskette) does not exactly follow all of the conventions which Apple has defined for reading and writing to diskettes. If it did, it would work with every Elite Series drive except the Elite Three (special case).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. Since “dumb’ FID will work with Disk II and Elite One diskettes correctly, you need to create a Disk II or Elite One diskette containing FID on it. The run FID and specify menu item 1 (copy files) in order to copy FID ENHANCE onto the same diskette as "dumb" FID. For more information on using FID, refer to your DOS manual. Once FID and FID ENHANCE diskette, simply type: are on the same BRUN FID ENHANCE to begin the modifications.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10. ENHANCED CP/M UTILITIES This section deals with the use of each of the new CP/M utilities individually, in order to provide you with the information you need in order to use the utilities for more than just enhancing your CP/M. If you do not use CP/M, then this section will prove to be of little interest to you. The Rana Systems enhancements to Microsoft Apple II 16—Sector 56K CP/M 2.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. drives and the Disk II drive. PROFILE gives you the flexibility to redefine the arrangement of the drives on your system to suit your needs. Since CP/M needs to know what type of drive you have where, PROFILE is used to tell CP/M of any rearranging (temporary or permanent) you wish to do. SGLDRIVE is a special utility primarily intended to help those users who have only a single disk drive.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.1. Notation Since almost all of the various different commands which you can give to the enhanced CP/M utilities contain choices and options, it is necessary to define a syntax notation. This notation permits the extensive amount of material covered by this section to be reduced to as small an amount of verbiage as possible. [ ] Square brackets surround those items which are optional.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. ! The exclamation point is used to separate the different choices enclosed in braces. ... Ellipses are used to indicate that you may repeat the entry as many times as you need or desire. CAPS Capital letters are used for those portions of the command which you must type exactly as show. In addition, other symbols not listed above must be typed as shown. If any of the above symbols must be typed, they will be enclosed in angle brackets.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.2. FORMAT Utility The enhanced FORMAT utility is designed to replace the original FORMAT utility supplied by Microsoft. The new utility is capable of formatting a diskette just like the old one did, but the new one can also format the higher capacity diskettes used by the Elite Series drives. In order to get FORMAT running, you need to be in CP/M command level. This is indicated by: A> being displayed by CP/M.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. This is all very similar to the way the original (old) FORMAT signed-on. In fact the first part of the answer to FORMAT’s “which drive?” question is just like the response you would give to the original FORMAT, but there is more which has been added to the command. The complete syntax of the answer is: : is the drive letter which will be used to format the diskette. The colon (:) is typed as shown.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. Since the Elite Three achieves its 652K of storage by writing half width tracks in half track increments, the tracks (and any other data at other times) which the Elite Three writes while formatting a diskette are too small for the lower capacity drives to read. Once you press following your command, FORMAT will say: Insert disk to be formatted in drive : Press RETURN to begin The here is the drive letter you specified in your command.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. fined under CP/M and what type of already formatted diskette you have in the drive. Normally FORMAT will detect an already formatted 16-sector diskette (including DOS 3.3 and Apple Pascal diskettes), but given certain circumstances it may not. Therefore, you should not rely upon this check. If FORMAT does find the diskette to be already formatted, it will say: Disk in drive d>: will be ERASED.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. FORMAT Complete Format disk in which drive? You are free to issue another command to do another format at this point. when you have no more formatting to do, make sure your CP/M system diskette is back in drive A: and then just answer the question with .
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.3. COPY Utility The copy utility provides a means for you make backup copies of your diskettes. The hancements made to the new COPY utility primarily just in the area of support for higher capacity Elite Series drives. to enare the Alot of extra logic has been added to the COPY utility to permit it to make backup copies of lower capacity diskettes using higher capacity drives.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. COPY signs-on by saying: APPLE II CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1.1 * You may find the “*” prompt to be just a little lacking in clues to the correct responses, but such a prompt is a tradition in CP/M, starting back with the standard CP/M utility PIP. The new COPY (just like the new FORMAT) is very similar to its predecessor from Microsoft.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. drive letter in which you plan on placing the already formatted diskette which is to receive the information from the original diskette. and can he the same drive. If you specify the “/S” option at the end of the command, the you will he telling COPY to only copy the CP/M operating system from the source diskette to the target diskette without altering any other information on the target diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The explanations for the tables are as follows: ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. “explained”s in the (1) The target diskette will contain a backup of the source diskette, however the target diskette cannot be read by any other drive but an Elite Three. This means that the target diskette cannot be moved to the source drive and used just as If it were the source diskette. See explanation (2) for what can be done with the target diskette.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. backup an Elite Two diskette? First glance at the tables might indicate that such a conflict occurs, but not really. In such a case you would simply specify a single drive copy to the COPY utility by specify both the source and target drives as being your Elite Two.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. target diskette in the preceding tables, with the exception of the special Elite Three conditions. In the Elite Three ”explained” case (1), the target diskette must be formatted in an Elite Three format. In the Elite Three “explained” case (2), the target diskette must be formatted in the format correct for the target drive’s type.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. concerning “bootability” of system copies. After you’ve plowed through all of the above confusion, and finally decide you’ve chosen the right command and then hit , COPY will respond with: Insert SOURCE disk into drive : Insert TARGET disk into drive : Press RETURN to begin provided your and are two different drives.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. Once the copying is finished (single or two— drive), COPY will say: COPY Complete Do you wish to make another copy? If you answer to this question, COPY will terminate. COPY’s response to your answering to this question depends upon whether you did a full diskette copy or a system-only copy. If you did a full diskette copy, COPY will ask for the diskettes to be copied just like it did the first time.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. Special Note: The only diskette restructuring COPY will perform is during a system-only copy. There is no way to convince COPY to restructure and Elite One diskette (for instance) into an Elite Two diskette. This can be done using the “copy all files” feature of the PIP utility. Refer to your CP/M manuals. If you have just a single drive, you will also want to refer to the SCLDRIVE utility instructions later in this section.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.4.PROFILE Utility The PROFILE utility is the heart of the enhanced CP/M system. It is this utility which allows you to tell CP/M where various drive models are located on your system, and also allows you to declare the drive as a different model (an Elite Two as a Disk II, for example) to allow you to read and create diskettes to be interchanged with other Apple II CP/M systems.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. The “*” is the standard CP/M utility prompt to indicate that the utility is waiting for a com— mand. The valid command syntax for PROFILE is: [:=]§:[][,:[]...]!*† where is the drive containing the copy of the CP/M to be altered. is the CP/M drive who’s definition is to be altered within the copy of the CP/M. is the drive type to which the drive is to be changed, as given below.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. copy of CP/M only, and no change to disk copies will be made. This in-memory change would be temporary, and would no longer exist once the system was fully rebooted. If the “:=” is specified, then the change will be made to the CP/M system on the diskette in the specified drive, and no changes will be made to the in-memory copy of CP/M. The seek speed parameter is also optional.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. The “B” section is either a “+“ or a space. If a “+” is printed, that means that your system does not currently have a controller card in it which will allow talking to that drive. All drives from a certain drive letter up through drive P: (highest allowable CP/M drive) would have “+”s, depending upon the number of controllers in your system. All drives from I: through P: will have "+"s since enhanced CP/M only supports up to eight drives (A: through H:).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. When a drive’s setting is changed, PROFILE will print the message line for the drive twice, preceeded by “Was” for the old setting of the drive, and “Now” for the new setting of the drive: Was B:+Elite Three, Fast Seek. Now B:+Disk II, Slow Seek. The best way to show the use of PROFILE is by examples of various PROFILE commands: A:=H:3,C:0,E:1 This command will make all changes to the system diskette located in drive A: (A:=).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. was actually an Elite Two (which can seek fast) which is to be restricted to acting like an Elite One. The second change is to make drive A: act like a Disk II, but seek at the “fast” rate (,A:0F). Once again, this would have to he an Elite Two pretending to be a Disk II.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. diskette (by COPY), it was structured to boot for a particular type of drive. The setting for drive A: within that on-disk operating system must match the boot structure, or the boot will fail. When you use COPY to copy an operating system from (for instance) an Elite One drive to an Elite Two drive, COPY restructures the system into a format compatible with booting off of the Elite Two.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. This can be a problem to be kept track of, but also an advantage. It will allow you to temporarily change the setting of a drive which is capable off handling a particular diskette‘s format so that the diskette can be modified. (With the exception of the Elite Three, higher capacity models can all handle the lower capacity models’ diskette formats. The Elite Three can only handle, and is the only one which can handle, the Elite Three format.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. Whenever you either display the current settings within an on-disk CP/M system copy (:=*), or make a change to a setting (:=:[]), PROFILE will first respond with: Insert a system disk in :. to continue/retry; or to abort. where is the drive you specified. This gives you a chance to insert which ever diskette contains the copy of the CP/M you wish to examine or modify.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. you no longer wish the diskette to he updated, type and PROFILE will leave the diskette alone. If you request PROFILE to do anything with the in-memory CP/M, PROFILE will not need to ask you to insert any diskettes. So, you will get an immediate response to your request. But, before PROFILE actually applies the changes directly to the in—memory CP/M, it will say: Ready to update in-memory system. to continue/retry; or to abort.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.5. SGLDRIVE Utility The SGLDRIVE utility is designed specifically for CP/M users with only one drive. If you are not such a user, the description of this utility will not be of much use to you. If you are a single drive user, this utility can prove to be invaluable. Single drive users (on an Apple or any other CP/M system) quickly find that CP/M is not overly friendly to them CP/M was not really designed with only one drive in mind.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. tween two different diskettes. SGLDRIVE solves this not so little problem by doing a little lieing to CP/M itself. To get SGLDRIVE started, type: :SGLDRIVE where is the drive in which the diskette containing SGLDRIVE is inserted. After SGLDRIVE is loaded, it will sign-on with: Enhanced Apple ][ CP/M Dual to Single Drive Mapping Utility Copyright (C) 1982 RANA Systems Revision 1.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. Mount B:, Press This gives you a chance to remove the diskette from your drive and insert whichever diskette you want to pretend is in drive B:. When you have the “drive B:" diskette in the drive, type and the resident portion of SGLDRIVE will allow the read or write operation to continue.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. In order to convince PIP to copy a file from one diskette to another diskette using just one drive, you would tell PIP to copy the file from drive A:/B: to drive B:/A: (the other drive). Then, whenever PIP needs to read or write from the diskette which is not currently in the drive at that particular time, the resident portion of SGLDRIVE will allow you to change the diskettes.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.6. ENHANCE Utility The ENHANCE utility is intended as a one-timeonly utility. Once you’ve performed the CP/M enhancements outlined earlier in this manual, ENHANCE is no longer needed. The COPY utility is used to make new enhanced CP/M diskettes. It is not necessary the use ENHANCE to keep enhancing every new CP/M system diskette you create. The earlier CP/M enhancing instructions are essentially the instructions for using ENHANCE.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O ACKNOWLEDGMENT Rana Systems gratefully acknowledges the help given by Quality Software in the compilation of the following appendix. We have borrowed some material from a section of their highly informative book “Beneath Apple DOS” by Don D. Worth and Pieter M. Lechner.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O APPENDIX A A. DISKETTE DATA RECORDING A. 1. Introduction This appendix is designed to show in detail how information is structured on a diskette, beginning with a brief introduction to the hardware involved. A.2. Tracks and Sectors Diskettes are divided into tracks and sectors during the initialization process. Each track is identified by its distance from the center of the disk but, unlike the grooves of a record, they are not connected in a continuous spiral.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O the diskette, these drives can actually access two tracks without having to move the read/write heads (which always move together) to another pair of tracks. Each “pair of tracks” at which the read/write head can stop (and successfully read and write data) is called a cylinder. Since the Elite One (and Apple’s Disk II) has only one head, it has only one track for every cylinder.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The disk ann can physically position itself over 80 “phases”. To move an Elite One or Two past one track (cylinder) to the next, two phases of the stepper motor, which moves the arm, must be cycled. This would suggest that data might be stored on 80 tracks, but only the Elite Three is equipped with heads which are capable of reading and writing data on tracks which are so close together.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The following tables give an illustration of the amount of data stored on a diskette under an Enhanced DOS 3.3 format for all Elite models.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A. 3. Track Formatting Data is recorded on the diskette uses a “group coded recording” technique (GCR) which requires that a bit with a value of 1 he recorded onto the diskette within a given maximum period of time. This method has some very significant differences from other possible recording techniques, but all of these differences only occur at the hardware level of the computer.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O edge of the next we will define as a “bit cell”. A byte would comprise eight consecutive bit cells, the most significant of which is normally referred to as cell 7 (with the least signifi— cant being cell 0). Data is written and read serially. During a write operation, bit cell 7 of each byte would be written first and 0 last. when data is being read from the diskette the same sequence applies.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Fig. A-2: FM Bit Cell Page A-12 APPEN.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O DATA BITS CLOCK BITS Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CONTROLLER SHIFT REGISTER DATA ON DISK Fig. A-4: Reading Data Page A-14 APPEN.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The following figure shows how writing data can be illustrated in the same way. The clock bits that were separated from the data must be interleaved with the data as it is written. Notice that, while in write mode, 0’s (zeros) are being brought into the data latch to replace data being written. The Software must ensure the latch is loaded and Instructed to write in 32 cycle intervals.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O CONTROLLER SHIFT REGISTER DATA ON DISK Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A.4. Fields The two types of fields on a diskette are the Address and the Data fields which both contain a prologue, data area, checksum, and epilogue. Each field on a track is separated from adjacent fields by a number of bytes, called “gaps”. All gaps are made up in the same way comprising self-sync hexadecimal FF‘s, and vary only in the number of bytes they contain. The first figure below shows a portion of a typical track divided into its major comporients.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Normal Byte Hex FF Self-Sync Byte Hex FT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Fig. A-7: Self-Sync Byte Five self-sync bytes are sufficient to show that the hardware is reading valid data because the hardware requires the first bit of a byte to be a 1 (an Apple-GCR restriction). As long as the disk is left in read mode, it will continue to correctly interpret the data unless there is an error on the track. A.5.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A minimum of five self-sync bytes must be maintained for each gap type, resulting in reasonably uniform gap sizes within each track. A.5.1.Gap 1 This is the first data written to a track during initialization. It originally comprises 128 bytes of self—sync, a large enough area to ensure that all parts of the track contain data.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O When a data field is written there is na guarantee that the write will occur in the same spot each time because the drive which is rewriting the data field may not be the one which actually INITed, or originally wrote it. Since the speed of the drives can vary, it is perfectly possible the write could start in mid-byte. Normally, when writing a data field, five selfsync bytes are written prior to writing the data field itself.
Page A-22 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Probably, at least one sync byte will be destroyed when writing a Data field because, just as in reading bits on a track, the write may not begin on a byte boundary, thus altering an existing byte. See first figure below. A.5.3. Gap 3 This appears after each data field and before each address field. Though it is similar to Gap 2, it is longer, generally ranging from 14 to 24 bytes in length.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O initially write begins here After Writing Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O OLD DATA FIELD ADDRESS INFORMATION GAP 3 GAP 2 NEW DATA FIELD Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL D5 AA 96 Prologue XX YY Volume APPEN. A - DISK I/O XX YY XX YY XX YY DE AA EB Track Sector Checksum Epilpgue 4-plus-4 ENCODED DATA BYTE- D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 XX- 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 7 5 3 1 YY- 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 6 4 2 0 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The prologue comprises three bytes which form an unique sequence found in no other component of the track, enabling DOS to locate an address field almost without chance of an error. The three bytes are $D5, $AA, and $96. The first two are reserved, thus ensuring the uniqueness of the prologue while the $96 indicates that the data following is an address field rather than a data field.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O D5 AA AD 342 BYTES DATA xx Prologue Data(16 Sector) Checksum DE AA EB Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The prologue differs in the third byte. The bytes are $D5, $AA and $AD also forming an unique sequence which enables DOS to locate the start of the sector’s data, which consists of 342 (GCR) encoded bytes, and is followed by a checksum byte used to verify the integrity of the field just read. The epilogue is identical in its function to that in the Address field. A. 6.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O “disk” bytes to store a 256 byte sector permitting a full 13 sectors per track. 3. A hardware modification (the P6 PROM on Apple’s Disk II controller card) allowed the development of 16 sectors per track, providing a 23% increase in storage over the 13 sector format. This is possible because of a 6-plus—2 split of the data, and the PROM allowing two consecutive zero bits in data bytes.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL IN MEMORY D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 APPEN. A - DISK I/O ON DISK 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 7 5 3 1 0 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 6 4 2 0 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 7 5 3 SHIFT LEFT 1 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 6 4 2 0 D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A byte would have the form OOOXXXXX where X is a valid data bit. This byte could range in value from $00 to $1F, a total of 32 different values. There are 34 valId “disk” bytes, ranging from $AA to $FF, which meet the two requirements (high bit set, no consecutive zero bits). Two bytes, $D5 and $AA are reserved bytes thus al— lowing an exact mapping between five bit data bytes and eight bit “disk” bytes.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O 800 833 AAAAAAAA 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 866 000AAAAA 7 6 5 4 3 000BBBBB 7 6 5 4 3 BBBBBBBB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CCCCCCCC 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DDDDDDDD 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 899 000CCCCC 800 000DDDDD EEEEEEEE 7 6 5 4 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 000EEEEE 900 933 966 7 6 5 4 3 000AAADE 2 1 0 2 2 000BBBDE 2 1 0 1 1 000CCCDE 999 2 1 0 0 0 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A total of 410 bytes is necessary to store the original 256. This is calculated by finding the total bits of data (256 x 8 = 2048) and dividing by the number of bits per byte (2048 / 5 = 409.6) with two bits being unused. The data is then transformed to valid “disk” bytes. This involves simply looking at the following table.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The data field has a checksum, similar to that in the address field, to verify data. It also involves exclusive-ORing data in pairs before it is transformed by the look-up table above, best illustrated by the figures below. The read routine must read a byte, transform it and store it, all in less than 32 cycles (time to write a byte) or the information is lost. A checksum computation to decode data greatly speeds up the operation.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O MEMORY NYBBLES 0 DISK DATA EOR Byte 00 EOR Byte 01 EOR Byte 02 EOR Byte 85 955 955 954 954 953 901 900 900 EOR Byte 86 800 800 EOR Byte 87 EOR Byte 88 801 801 802 8FD 8FE 8FE EOR EOR Byte 340 Byte 341 8FF (checksum) 8FF Byte 342 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DISK DATA BYTE 00 -> BYTE O1 -> BYTE 02 -> APPEN. A - DISK I/O EFFECTIVE ACTION -> EOR 0 -> EOR $855 -> EOR $854 MEMORY NYBBLES -> $855 -> $854 -> $853 -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> 6-plus-2 BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE 85 86 87 88 -> -> -> -> D E C O D I N G EOR EOR EOR EOR $801 $800 $800 $801 $800 $800 $801 $802 TABLE BYTE 340 -> BYTE 341 -> BYTE 342 -> -> EOR $8FD -> EOR $8FE -> EOR $8FF -> $8FE -> $8FF -> 0 if data is valid FIG.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O 800 900 956 Fig.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A total of 342 bytes are needed, shown by finding the total number of bits (256 x 8 = 2048) and dividing by the number of bits per byte (2048 / 6 = 341.33). The transformation from the six bit bytes to valid data bytes is also performed by a one to one mapping, illustrated in the figure below. Again, the stream of data bytes written to the diskette are a product of exciusive-ORs, similar to the 5-plus-3 technique shown above.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A. 7. Sector Interleaving This process involves staggering sectors on a track to improve access times. There is usually a delay between reading or writing one sector and reading or writing the next sector. This delay usually depends on the user’s program and can vary greatly. If sectors are stored in numerically ascending order, it may take a full revolution of the diskette before the next sector can be accessed (unless the application was extremely fast).
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O For example, if the sector number found on a disk were a 2, this is used as an offset into a table where the number $0B is found. Thus DOS treats the physical sector 2 as sector 11 ($0B), presenting no problem If RWTS is used for disk access. To eliminate access differences between reading and booting files, DOS is actually loaded backwards into memory in descending sequential order during booting, just as files are accessed.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Disk 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 DOS CP/M 00 13 11 09 07 05 03 01 14 12 10 08 06 04 02 15 00 03 06 09 12 15 02 05 08 11 14 01 04 07 10 13 Pas. 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 APPEN. A - DISK I/O Disk DOS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 16 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 31 CP/M 16 29 22 25 28 31 18 21 24 27 30 17 20 23 26 29 Pas. 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Fig.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES B. DOS TECHNICAL NOTES This section reveals the extensions and alterations made to certain DOS calls. If you are not a machine/assembly language programmer, this section will probably make little sense to you. None of this information need be understood to use the enhanced DOS. The information outlined in this section is proprietary to Rana Systems. It is supplied to you strictly for your own enlightenment.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES B.1. Command Interpreter Alterations There are only two changes made to the command interpreter from the user’s or program’s point of view. The first is to allow the specification of a “,D3” or “,D4” parameter on commands. This allows the user to specify the third or fourth drive on an Elite Controller. The second alteration was to "shut down the command interpreter’s INIT.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES under the name specified on the “INIT” command. B. 2. File Manager Alterations The only alteration from a program interface standpoint to the File Manager was to shut down the disk initialization function call. This was done simply by having the File Manager return back to the caller without performing the initialization. The File Manager will return a “no error” condition so that the program making the call can continue.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES the desired track and nothing else.) When a “no Operation” call is made to the enhanced RWTS, and the sector number in the RWTS parameter list is set to $FF, a “formatting error” ($08) will be returned and the carry flag set. This is a way for the application program to determine whether or not an enhanced DOS is currently in use since a non—enhanced DOS would not care about the sector number during a “no operation” call.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES The high four bits (7-4) of each entry are the drive type code, the next three bits (3-1) are the seek rate code, and the low bit (0) is the single phase per cylinder flag.
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES C. CP/M TECHNICAL NOTES This section reveals the extensions made to certain CP/M Z80 BIOS calls and 6502 RWTS calls. If you are not a machine/assembly language programmer, this section will probably make little sense to you. None of this information need be understood to use the enhanced CP/M. The information outlined in this section is proprietary to Rana Systems. It is supplied to you strictly for your own enlightenment.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES C.1. Z8O BIOS Call Extensions The only BIOS call which has had extensions made to it is the SELDSK vector (BOOT+1BH). Digital Research defines that, prior to calling, the [C] register is to be loaded with the drive number (0-15=A:-P:) which is to be used for any further disk I/O calls. The remaining registers should be assumed to be in an undefined state.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES The [IX] register will return pointing to the slot number times 16 for the controller to which drive [C] is attached. The drive number of drive [C] on that controller card will be at [IX]+16. These values are within a drive mapping table described below. The [IY) register will return pointing to drive [C]’s seek table entry. The seek table is also described below.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES possible. Replacing the simple math is a drive mapping table which is dynamically filled-in during the boot process with the physical slot and drive numbers for each of the 16 possible CP/M logical drives. (Note: The table has room for 16 drive entries, but there are only enough DPH’s allocated for 8 drives.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES C.3. Seek Configuration Table The seek table is what informs the 6502 RWTS disk drivers of the head movement characteristics of each drive. The table contains 16 entries, one for each CP/M logical drive. The SELDSK vector will return the [IY] register pointing to drive [C]’s entry within the table. The base of the table is drive A: ‘s entry, and each entry is a single byte.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES C.4. 6502 RWTS Alterations The calling protocol is unchanged for the 6502 RWTS disk drivers. The only difference is that sector numbers from 16—31 will result in the enhanced RWTS trying to access the second head on the drive, which would only be effective for the Elite Two and Elite Three. Also, a request for drive 3 or 4 will cause the RWTS to try to access the second hank of an Elite Controller regardless of the controller card in use.
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. D D. APPENDIX D This appendix omitted.
