Software User Guide Cayman Operating System Version 7.
Disclaimers Copyright © 2003 Netopia, Inc. All rights reserved, Printed in the USA. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, configurations, technical data, and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for the applications of any products specified in this document.
Table of Contents Table of Contents Disclaimers CHAPTER 1 .........................................2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 About Cayman Documentation .........................9 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Documentation Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents CHAPTER 3 Expert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Overview of Major Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Wide Area Network Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 PPPoE/PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet/ATM) . . . . 34 Instant-On PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Simplified Local Area Network Setup . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 IP Static Routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 IP Static ARP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Pinholes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Install Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Updating Your Gateway’s CaymanOS Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Task 1: Required Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Task 2: CaymanOS Image File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Install Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Entering Commands in CONFIG Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guidelines: CONFIG Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying Current Gateway Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Step Mode: A CLI Configuration Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Validating Your Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONFIG Commands 170 171 172 172 173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Relative storage humidity: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Software and protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Software media: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Routing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 WAN support: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Security: . . . .
About Cayman Documentation CHAPTER 1 Introduction About Cayman Documentation ☛ NOTE: This guide describes the wide variety of features and functionality of the Cayman Gateway, when used in Router mode. The Cayman Gateway may also be delivered in Bridge mode. In Bridge mode, the Gateway acts as a pass-through device and allows the workstations on your LAN to have public addresses directly on the Internet. Netopia, Inc.
• Specific White Papers The documents are available in electronic form as Portable Document Format (PDF) files. They are viewed (and printed) from Adobe Acrobat Reader, Exchange, or any other application that supports PDF files. They are downloadable from Netopia’s website: http://www.netopia.com/ Intended Audience This guide is targeted primarily to residential service subscribers.
Documentation Conventions Documentation Conventions General This manual uses the following conventions to present information: Convention (Typeface) Description bold italic monospaced Menu commands bold italic sans serif Web GUI page links and button names terminal bold terminal Computer display text Italic Italic type indicates the complete titles of manuals.
Command Line Interface Syntax conventions for the Cayman Gateway command line interface are as follows: Convention Description straight ([ ]) brackets in cmd Optional command arguments line curly ({ }) brackets, with values Alternative values for an argument are separated with vertical bars (|). presented in curly ({ }) brackets, with values separated with vertical bars (|).
Organization Organization This guide consists of eight chapters, including a glossary, and an index. It is organized as follows: • Chapter 1, “Introduction” — Describes the Cayman document suite, • • • • • • • • the purpose of, the audience for, and structure of this guide. It gives a table of conventions and presents a product description summary. Chapter 2, “Basic Mode Setup” — Describes how to get up and running with your Cayman Gateway.
Overview of Major Capabilities The Netopia Gateway offers simplified setup and management features as well as advanced broadband router capabilities. The following are some of the main features of the Netopia Gateway: • Wide Area Network Termination The Gateway combines a traditional modem with an Internet router. It translates protocols used on the Internet to protocols used by home personal computers and eliminates the need for special desktop software (i.e. PPPoE client).
A Word About Example Screens A Word About Example Screens This manual contains many example screen illustrations. Since Netopia Cayman Series Gateways offer a wide variety of features and functionality, the example screens shown may not appear exactly the same for your particular Gateway or setup as they appear in this manual. The example screens are for illustrative and explanatory purposes, and should not be construed to represent your own unique environment.
CHAPTER 2 Basic Mode Setup Most users will find that the basic Quickstart configuration is all that they ever need to use. This section may be all that you ever need to configure and use your Cayman Gateway. The following instructions cover installation in Router Mode.
Important Safety Instructions POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION Connect the power supply cord to the power jack on the Cayman Gateway. Plug the power supply into an appropriate electrical outlet. ☛ CAUTION: The Cayman Gateway is designed for use only with a UL Listed or CSA Certified Class 2 power supply or Limited Power Source, rated 12VDC, 1A. Do not substitute other non-approved power sources. USB-powered models: For Use with Listed I.T.E.
Set up the Cayman Gateway Set up the Cayman Gateway Refer to your Quickstart Guide for instructions on how to connect your Cayman gateway to your power source, PC or local area network, and your Internet access point, whether it is a dedicated DSL outlet or a DSL or cable modem. Different Cayman Gateway models are supplied for any of these connections. Be sure to enable Dynamic Addressing on your PC.
Proceed to “Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 21. • Macintosh Mac OS Your Macintosh must be using MacOS 7.6.1 or higher. • Select Control Panels from the Apple Menu. • Open the TCP/IP Control Panel. • Choose Connect via Ethernet. • Choose Configure Using DHCP Server. Close and Save. • You do not have to restart the Macintosh. Launch your Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Proceed to “Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 21.
Configure the Cayman Gateway Configure the Cayman Gateway 1. Run your Web browser application, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, from the computer connected to the Cayman Gateway. Enter http://192.168.1.254 in the Location text box. The Admin Password page appears. Access to your Cayman device can be controlled through two access control accounts, Admin or User. • The Admin, or administrative user, performs all configuration, management or maintenance operations on the Gateway.
The browser then displays the Welcome page. The browser then displays the Quickstart web page. 2. Enter the username and password supplied by your Internet Service Provider. Click the Connect to the Internet button. Once you enter your username and password here, you will no longer need to enter them whenever you access the Internet. The Cayman Gateway stores this information and automatically connects you to the Internet.
Configure the Cayman Gateway The Gateway displays a message while it configures itself. 3. When the connection succeeds, your browser will display a success message. Once a connection is established, your browser is redirected to your service provider’s home page or a registration page on the Internet. 4. Congratulations! Your installation is complete. You can now surf to your favorite Web sites by typing an URL in your browser’s location box or by selecting one of your favorite Internet bookmarks.
Cayman Gateway Status Indicator Lights Colored LEDs on your Cayman Gateway indicate the status of various port activity. Different Gateway models have different ports for your connections and different indicator LEDs. The Quickstart Guide accompanying your Cayman Gateway describes the behavior of the various indicator LEDs.
Home Page - Basic Mode Home Page - Basic Mode After you have performed the basic Quickstart configuration, any time you log in to your Cayman Gateway you will access the Cayman Gateway Home Page. You access the Home Page by typing http://192.168.1.254 in your Web browser’s location box. The Basic Mode Home Page appears.
The Home Page displays the following information in the center section: Item Description Local WAN IP Address This is the negotiated address of the Gateway’s WAN interface. This address is usually dynamically assigned. Remote Gateway Address This is the negotiated address of the remote router to which this Gateway is connected. Primary DNS Secondary DNS These are the negotiated DNS addresses. ISP Username This is your PPPoE username as assigned by your service provider.
Home Page - Basic Mode Link: Manage My Account You can change your ISP account information for the Cayman Gateway. You can also manage other aspects of your account on your service provider’s account management Web site. Click on the Manage My Account link. The Manage My Account page appears. Enter your username, and then your new password. Confirm your new password. For security, your actual passwords are not displayed on the screen as you type.
Link: Status Details If you need to diagnose any problems with your Cayman Gateway or its connection to the Internet, you can run a sophisticated diagnostic tool. It checks several aspects of your physical and electronic connection and reports its results on-screen. This can be useful for troubleshooting, or when speaking with a technical support technician. Click on the Status Details link. The Diagnostics page appears. Click on the Run Diagnostics button to run your diagnostic tests.
Home Page - Basic Mode Link: Enable Remote Management This link allows you to authorize a remotely-located person, such as a support technician, to directly access your Cayman Gateway. This is useful for fixing configuration problems when you need expert help. You can limit the amount of time such a person will have access to your Gateway. This will prevent unauthorized individuals from gaining access after the time limit has expired. Click the Enable Rmt Mgmt link.
Enter a temporary password for the person you want to authorize, and confirm it by typing it again. You can select a time-out period for this password, from 5 to 30 minutes, from the pull-down menu. Be sure to tell the authorized person what the password is, and for how long the time-out is set. Click the Submit button. Link: Expert Mode Most users will find that the basic Quickstart configuration is all that they ever need to use. Some users, however, may want to do more advanced configuration.
Home Page - Basic Mode The Expert Mode Home Page is the main access point for configuring and managing the advanced features of your Gateway. See “Expert Mode” on page 33 for information. Link: Update Firmware Periodically, the embedded firmware in your Gateway may be updated to improve the operation or add new features. Your gateway includes its own onboard installation capability. Your service provider may inform you when new firmware is available, or you can check for yourself.
Link: Factory Reset In some cases, you may need to clear all the configuration settings and start over again to program the Cayman Gateway. You can perform a factory reset to do this. Click on Factory Reset to reset the Gateway back to its original factory default settings. ☛ NOTE: Exercise caution before performing a Factory Reset. This will erase any configuration changes that you may have made and allow you to reprogram your Gateway.
Overview of Major Capabilities CHAPTER 3 Expert Mode Using the Expert Mode Web-based user interface for the Netopia Caymanseries Gateway you can configure, troubleshoot, and monitor the status of your Gateway. Overview of Major Capabilities • “Wide Area Network Termination” on page 34 The Gateway combines a traditional modem with an Internet router. It translates protocols used on the Internet to protocols used by home personal computers and eliminates the need for special desktop software (i.e. PPPoE).
• “Management” on page 37 A Web server built into the Cayman Operating System makes setup and maintenance easy using standard browsers. Diagnostic tools facilitate troubleshooting. • “Security” on page 38 Network Address Translation (NAT), password protection, and other built-in security features prevent unauthorized remote access to your network. Pinholes, default server, and other features permit access to computers on your home network that you can specify.
Overview of Major Capabilities Instant-On PPP. You can configure your Gateway for one of two types of Internet connections: • Always On • Instant On These selections provide either an uninterrupted Internet connection or an as-needed connection. While an Always On connection is convenient, it does leave your network permanently connected to the Internet, and therefore potentially vulnerable to attacks.
Simplified Local Area Network Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server. DHCP Server functionality enables the Gateway to assign to your LAN computer(s) a “private” IP address and other parameters that allow network communication. The default DHCP Server configuration of the Gateway supports up to 253 LAN IP addresses. This feature simplifies network administration because the Gateway maintains a list of IP address assignments.
Overview of Major Capabilities ☛ NOTE: The Cayman DNS Proxy only proxies UDP DNS queries, not TCP DNS queries. Management Embedded Web Server. There is no specialized software to install on your PC to configure, manage, or maintain your Cayman Gateway.
Ping - tests the “reachability” of a particular network destination by sending an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply. NSLookup - converts a domain name to its IP address and vice versa. TraceRoute - displays the path to a destination by showing the number of hops and the router addresses of these hops. The system log also provides diagnostic information. ☛ NOTE: Your Service Provider may request information that you acquire from these various diagnostic tools.
Overview of Major Capabilities hard-wired Ethernet or wireless network connected to its LAN interface from routers on networks connected to its WAN interface. In other words, the end computer stations on your LAN are invisible from the Internet. Only a single WAN IP address is required to provide this security support for your entire LAN. LAN sites that communicate through an Internet Service Provider typically enable NAT, since they usually purchase only one IP address from the ISP.
Cayman Gateway WAN Ethernet Interface Internet LAN Ethernet Interface NAT NAT-protected LAN stations Embedded Admin Services: HTTP-Web Server and Telnet Server Port ☛ NOTE: 1. The default setting for NAT is ON. 2. Cayman uses Port Address Translation (PAT) to implement the NAT facility. 3. NAT Pinhole traffic (discussed below) is always initiated from the WAN side. Cayman Advanced Features for NAT. Using the NAT facility provides effective LAN security.
Overview of Major Capabilities Cayman Gateways provide special pinhole configuration rules that enable users to establish NAT-protected LAN layouts that still provide flexible bypass capabilities. Some of these rules require coordination with the unit’s embedded administration services: the internal Web (HTTP) Port (TCP 80) and the internal Telnet Server Port (TCP 23). Internal Servers. The internal servers are the embedded Web and Telnet servers of the Gateway.
Default Server. This feature allows you to: • Direct your Gateway to forward all externally initiated IP traffic (TCP and UDP protocols only) to a default host on the LAN. • Enable it for certain situations: Where you cannot anticipate what port number or packet protocol an inbound application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is opened. When you want all unsolicited traffic to go to a specific LAN host. Combination NAT Bypass Configuration.
Overview of Major Capabilities 2. 3. When you use your third-party VPN application, the Gateway recognizes the traffic from your client and your unit. It allows the packets to pass through the NAT “protection layer” via the encrypted IPSec tunnel. The encrypted IPSec tunnel is established “through” the Gateway. A typical VPN IPSec Tunnel pass through is diagrammed below: Cayman Gateway ☛ NOTE: Typically, no special configuration is necessary to use the IPSec pass through feature.
Access the Web Interface Open the Web Connection Once your Gateway is powered up, you can use any recent version of the best-known web browsers such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer from any LAN-attached PC or workstation. The procedure is: 1. Enter the name or IP address of your Cayman Gateway in the Web browser's window and press Return. For example, you would enter http://192.168.1.254. 2.
Access the Web Interface You are challenged to confirm your choice. Click OK. The Home Page opens in Expert Mode.
Home Page - Expert Mode The Home Page is the summary page for your Cayman Gateway. The toolbar at the top provides links to controlling, configuring, and monitoring pages. Critical configuration and operational status is displayed in the center section.
Access the Web Interface Home Page - Information The Home page’s center section contains a summary of the Gateway’s configuration settings and operational status. Summary Information Field Status and/or Description General Information Hardware Serial Number Software Version Product ID Model number and summary specification Unique serial number, located on label attached to bottom of unit Release and build number of running Cayman Operating System.
Toolbar The toolbar is the dark blue bar at the top of the page containing the major navigation buttons. These buttons are available from almost every page, allowing you to move freely about the site.
Navigating the Web Interface Navigating the Web Interface Link: Breadcrumb Trail The breadcrumb trail is built in the light brown area beneath the toolbar. As you navigate down a path within the site, the trail is built from left to right. To return anywhere along the path from which you came, click on one of the links.
Restart Button: Restart The Restart button on the toolbar allows you to restart the Gateway at any time. You will be prompted to confirm the restart before any action is taken. The Restart Confirmation message explains the consequences of and reasons for restarting the Gateway.
Restart Link: Alert Symbol The Alert symbol appears in the upper right corner if you make a database change; one in which a change is made to the Gateway’s configuration. The Alert serves as a reminder that you must Save the changes and Restart the Gateway before the change will take effect. You can make many changes on various pages, and even leave the browser for up to 8 minutes, but if the Gateway is restarted before the changes are applied, they will be lost.
Help Button: Help Context-sensitive Help is provided in CaymanOS. The page shown here is displayed when you are on the Home page or other transitional pages. To see a context help page example, go to Security -> Passwords, then click Help.
Configure Configure Button: Configure The Configuration options are presented in the order of likelihood you will need to use them. Quickstart is typically accessed during the hardware installation and initial configuration phase. Often, these settings should be changed only in accordance with information from your Service Provider. LAN and WAN settings are available to fine-tune your system.
name and Password. These values are given to you by your Service Provider. 1. 2. Enter your ISP Username and ISP Password. Click Connect to the Internet. A brief message is displayed while the Gateway attempts to establish a connection. 3. When the connection succeeds, your browser will display your Service Provider’s home page. If you encounter any problems connecting, refer to the chapters “Basic Troubleshooting” on page 129 or “Advanced Troubleshooting” on page 139.
Configure LAN Link: Configure -> LAN * Enable Interface: Enables all LAN-connected computers to share resources and to connect to the WAN. The Interface should always be enabled unless you are instructed to disable it by your Service Provider during troubleshooting. * IP Address: The LAN IP Address of the Gateway. The IP Address you assign to your LAN interface must not be used by another device on your LAN network.
* Restrictions: Specifies whether an administrator can open a Web Administrator or Telnet connection to the Gateway over the LAN interface in order to monitor and configure the Gateway. On the LAN Interface, you can enable or disable administrator access. By default, administrative restrictions are turned off, meaning an administrator can open a Web Administrator or Telnet connection through the LAN Interface. • Advanced: Clicking on the Advanced link displays the Advanced LAN IP Interface page.
Configure • RIP-1 compatibility: Compatible with RIP version 1 • RIP-2 with MD5: MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised. • RIP MD5 Key: Secret password when using RIP-2 with MD5. • RIP Receive Mode: Specifies whether the Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers on your network.
Your Service Provider may, for certain services, want to provide configuration from its DHCP servers to the computers on your LANs. In this case, the Gateway will relay the DHCP requests from your computers to a DHCP server in the Service Provider's network. Click the relay-agent and enter the IP address of the Service Provider's DHCP server in the Server Address field. This address is furnished by the Service Provider.
Configure You can then configure: Default Channel: (1 through 11) on which the network will broadcast. This is a frequency range within the 2.4Ghz band. Channel selection depends on government regulated radio frequencies that vary from region to region. The widest range available is from 1 to 14. However, in North America only 1 to 11 may be selected. Channel selection can have a significant impact on performance, depending on other wireless activity close to this Gateway.
You are strongly encouraged to enable WEP encryption on your wireless LAN. The pull-down menu for enabling WEP offers three settings: Off - No Privacy, On - Automatic, and On - Manual Entry. • Off - No Privacy provides no encryption on your wireless LAN data.
Configure • On - Automatic is a passphrase generator. When you click the Submit button, the software generates encryption keys automatically. Some clients may not generate the same keys. Select the Encryption Key Size #1 – #4 from their respective pull-down menus. Use WEP encryption key (1 – 4) # specifies which key the Gateway will use to encrypt transmitted traffic. The default is key #1. When you click the Submit button, the software generates encryption keys automatically.
• On - Manual Entry allows you to enter your own encryption keys manually. This is a difficult process, but only needs to be done once. Avoid the temptation to enter all the same characters. Encryption Key Size #1 – #4: Selects the length of each encryption key. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more difficult it is to break the encryption. Encryption Key #1 – #4: The encryption keys. You enter keys using hexadecimal digits.
Configure Examples: • 40bit: 02468ACE02 • 128bit: 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789 • 256bit: 592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F21A09C Use WEP encryption key (1 – 4) #: Specifies which key the Gateway will use to encrypt transmitted traffic. The default is key #1. You disable the wireless LAN by unchecking the Enable Wireless checkbox, clicking the Submit button, followed by the Save and Restart link.
WAN Link: Configure -> WAN WAN IP Interfaces Your IP interfaces are listed. Click on an interface to configure it. IP Gateway Enable Gateway: You can configure the Gateway to send packets to a default gateway if it does not know how to reach the destination host. Interface Type: If you have PPPoE enabled, you can specify that packets destined for unknown hosts will be sent to the gateway being used by the remote PPP peer.
Configure Other WAN Options PPPoE: You can enable or disable PPPoE. This link also allows configuration of NAT, admin restrictions, PPPoE username/password, and connection type. ATM Circuits: You can configure the ATM circuits and the number of Sessions. The IP Interface(s) should be reconfigured after making changes here. COS Version 7 supports VPI/VCI autodetection. If VPI/VCI autodetection is enabled, the ATM Circuits page displays VPI/VCI = 0.
You can choose UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) or CBR (Constant Bit Rate) from the pull-down menu and set the Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in the editable field. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) guarantees no minimum transmission rate. Cells are transmitted on a “best effort” basis. However, there is a cap on the maximum transmission rate for UBR VCs. In a practical situation: • UBR VCs should be transmitted at a priority lower than CBR. • Bandwidth should be shared equally among UBR VCs.
Configure Advanced The following are links under Configure -> Advanced: 67
Link: Advanced Selected Advanced options are discussed in the pages that follow. Many are self-explanatory or are dictated by your service provider. Link: IP Static Routes A static route identifies a manually configured pathway to a remote network. Unlike dynamic routes, which are acquired and confirmed periodically from other routers, static routes do not time out.
Configure needs them. Optionally, you can define static ARP entries to map IP addresses to their corresponding Ethernet MAC addresses. Unlike dynamic ARP table entries, static ARP table entries do not time out. The IP address cannot be 0.0.0.0. The Ethernet MAC address entry is in nn-nn-nn-nn-nn-nn (hexadecimal) format. Link: Pinholes Pinholes allow you to transparently route selected types of network traffic, such as FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections, to a specific host behind the Gateway.
Configure Specific Pinholes. Planning for Your Pinholes. Determine if any of the service applications that you want to provide on your LAN stations use TCP or UDP protocols. If an application does, then you must configure a pinhole to implement port forwarding. This is accessed from the Advanced -> Pinholes page. Example: A LAN Requiring Three Pinholes . The procedure on the following pages describes how you set up your NAT-enabled Cayman Gateway to support three separate applications.
Configure ☛ TIPS for making Pinhole Entries: 1. If the port forwarding feature is required for Web services, ensure that the embedded Web server’s port number is reassigned PRIOR to any Pinhole data entry. 2. Enter data for one Pinhole at a time. 3. Use a unique name for each Pinhole. If you choose a duplicate name, it will overwrite the previous information without warning.
A diagram of this LAN example is: Gateway my-webserver Internet 192.168.1.1 WAN Ethernet Interface 210.219.41.20 LAN Ethernet Interface NAT my-mailserver 192.168.1.2 NAT Pinholes Embedded Web Server 210.219.41.20:8100 my-games 192.168.1.3 You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web and telnet server.
Configure Pinhole Configuration Procedure. Use the following steps: 1. From the Configure toolbar button -> Advanced link, select the Internal Servers link. Since Port Forwarding is required for this example, the Cayman embedded Web server is configured first. ☛ NOTE: The two text boxes, Web (HTTP) Server Port and Telnet Server Port, on this page refer to the port numbers of the Cayman Gateway’s embedded administration ports.
5. Click Add. Type your specific data into the Pinhole Entries table of this page. Click Submit. 6. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Click the Add button. Add the next Pinhole. Type the specific data for the second Pinhole.
Configure 7. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Click the Add button. Add the next Pinhole. Type the specific data for the third Pinhole. ☛ NOTE: Note the following parameters for the “my-games” Pinhole: 1. The Protocol ID is UDP. 2. The external port is specified as a range. 3. The Internal port is specified as the lower range entry.
8. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Review your entries to be sure they are correct. Click the Alert button. 10. Select the Save and Restart link to complete the entire Pinhole creation task and ensure that the parameters are properly saved. 9. ☛ NOTE: REMEMBER: When you have re-assigned the port address for the embedded Web server, you can still access this facility. Use the Gateway’s WAN address plus the new port number.
Configure A single static or dynamic (DHCP) WAN IP address must be assigned to support other devices on the LAN. These devices utilize Cayman’s default NAT/ PAT capabilities. Configure the IPMaps Feature FAQs for the IPMaps Feature Before configuring an example of an IPMaps-enabled network, review these frequently asked questions. What are IPMaps and how are they used? The IPMaps feature allows multiple static WAN IP addresses to be assigned to the Cayman Gateway.
IPMaps is compatible with the use of NAT, with either a statically assigned IP address or DHCP/PPP served IP address for the NAT table. What types of servers are supported by IPMaps? IPMaps allows a Cayman Gateway to support servers behind the Gateway, for example, web, mail, FTP, or DNS servers. VPN servers are not supported at this time. Can I use IPMaps with my PPPoE or PPPoA connection? Yes. IPMaps can be assigned to the WAN interface provided they are on the same subnet.
Configure IPMaps Block Diagram The following diagram shows the IPMaps principle in conjunction with existing Cayman NAT operations: Cayman Gateway Static IP Addresses for IPMaps Applications WAN Interface LAN Interface 192.168.1.1 NAT/PAT Table 143.137.50.37 143.137.50.36 143.137.50.37 192.168.1.1 143.137.50.36 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 143.137.50.35 ... 192.168.1.3 ... 143.137.50.35 Static IP Addresses or DHCP/PPP Served IP Address for Cayman’s default NAT/PAT Capabilities 192.168.1.
Link: Default Server This feature allows you to: • Direct your Gateway to forward all externally initiated IP traffic (TCP and UDP protocols only) to a default host on the LAN. • Enable it for certain situations: – Where you cannot anticipate what port number or packet protocol an in-bound application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is opened. – When you want all unsolicited traffic to go to a specific LAN host. • Configure for IP Passthrough.
Configure 3. Determine the IP address of the LAN computer you have chosen to receive the unexpected or unknown traffic. Enter this address in the NAT Server IP Address field. 4. 5. 6. Click the Submit button. Click the Alert button. Click the Save and Restart link to confirm.
Typical Network Diagram. A typical network using the NAT Default Server looks like this: Internet Gateway LAN STN #3 192.168.1.3 WAN Ethernet Interface 210.219.41.20 LAN Ethernet Interface NAT LAN STN #2 192.168.1.2 NAT protected Embedded Web Server 210.219.41.20 (Port 80 default) NAT Pinhole NAT Default Server 192.168.1.1 You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x to access the web and telnet server.
Configure NAT Combination Application. Cayman’s NAT security feature allows you to configure a sophisticated LAN layout that uses both the Pinhole and Default Server capabilities. With this topology, you configure the embedded administration ports as a first task, followed by the Pinholes and, finally, the NAT Default Server. When using both NAT pinholes and NAT Default Server the Gateway works with the following rules (in sequence) to forward traffic from the Internet to the LAN: 1. 2. 3.
will default to a class C subnet mask. If you select IP-Passthrough the Host Hardware Address field displays. Here you enter the MAC address of the designated IP-Passthrough computer. • If this MAC address is not all zeroes, then it will use DHCP to set the LAN host's address to the (configured or acquired) WAN IP address. The MAC address must be six colon-delimited or dash-delimited sets of hex digits ('0' – 'FF').
Configure Link: DNS Your Service Provider may maintain a Domain Name server. If you have the information for the DNS servers, enter it on the DNS page. If your Gateway is configured to use DHCP to obtain its WAN IP address, the DNS information is automatically obtained from that same DHCP Server. Link: DHCP Server Your Gateway can provide network configuration information to computers on your LAN, using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
You can also specify the length of time the computers can use the configuration information; DHCP calls this period the lease time. Your Service Provider may, for certain services, want to provide configuration from its DHCP servers to the computers on your LANs. In this case, the Gateway will relay the DHCP requests from your computers to a DHCP server in the Service Provider's network. Click the relay-agent and enter the IP address of the Service Provider's DHCP server in the Server Address field.
Configure ☛ WARNING: SNMP presents you with a security issue. The community facility of SNMP behaves somewhat like a password. The community “public” is a well-known community name. It could be used to examine the configuration of your Gateway by your service provider or an uninvited reviewer. While Cayman's SNMP implementation does not allow changes to the configuration, the information can be read from the Gateway. If you are strongly concerned about security, you may delete the “public” community.
Link: Advanced -> Ethernet Bridge The Cayman Gateway can be used as a bridge, rather than a router. A bridge is a device that joins two networks. As an Internet access device, a bridge connects the home computer directly to the service provider’s network equipment with no intervening routing functionality, such as Network Address Translation. Your home computer becomes just another address on the service provider’s network.
Configure Configuring for Bridge Mode 1. 2. 3. Browse into the Cayman Gateway’s web interface. Click on the Configure button in the upper Menu bar. Click on the LAN link. The LAN page appears. 4. In the box titled LAN IP Interface (Ethernet 100BT): a. Check the Enable Interface selection. *Make note of the Ethernet IP Address and subnet mask.
You can use this address to access the router in the future. b. Click Submit. 5. Click on DHCP Server in the box titled Other LAN Options: a. Set Server Mode to Off. b. Click Submit. 6. 7. Click on the Advanced link in the left-hand links toolbar. Under the heading of Services, click on the Ethernet Bridge link. The Ethernet Bridge page appears. 8. Check the Enable Bridging Function selection. The window expands. 9.
Configure Check the Enable Bridging on Port selection. 10. Under RFC-1483 Bridged Ethernet vcc1 (WAN), or under PPP over Ethernet vcc1 (WAN) [as per your configuration]: a. Check the Enable Bridging on Port selection. b. Click Submit. 11. Click on the Configure link in the Breadcrumb Trail directly above the selection box. Click on the WAN link that takes you to the WAN IP Interfaces box. 13. Click on RFC-1483 Bridged Ethernet vcc1, or on PPP over Ethernet vcc1 [as per your configuration]: 12. a.
15. In the box labeled IP Gateway: a. Uncheck the Enable Gateway Option selection. b. Click Submit. Click on the Configure link in the Breadcrumb Trail directly above the selection box. 17. At this point you should be ready to do the final save on the configuration changes you have made. 16. The yellow Alert symbol will show up underneath the Help button on the right-hand end on the menu bar. Click on this symbol and you will see whether your changes have been verified. 19.
Configure You have now configured your Cayman Gateway for bridging, and it will bridge all traffic across the WAN. You will need to make configurations to your machines on your LAN. These settings must be made in accordance with your ISP. If you ever need to get back into the Cayman Gateway again for management reasons, you will need to manually configure your machine to be in the same subnet as the Ethernet interface of the Cayman.
• TCP no-activity time-out: The time in seconds after which an TCP session will be terminated, if there is no traffic on the session. • Exposed Addresses: The hosts specified in Exposed addresses will be allowed to receive inbound traffic even if there is no corresponding outbound traffic. This is active only if NAT is disabled on an WAN interface. • Stateful Inspection Options: Enable and configure stateful inspection on a WAN interface.
Configure • Start Address: Start IP Address of the exposed host range. • End Address: End IP Address of the exposed host range • Protocol: Select the Protocol of the traffic to be allowed to the host range from the pull-down menu. Options are Any, TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP. • Start Port: Start port of the range to be allowed to the host range. The acceptable range is from 1 - 65535 • End Port: Protocol of the traffic to be allowed to the host range.
You can edit a previously configured range by clicking the Edit button, or delete the entry entirely by clicking the Delete button. All configuration changes will trigger the Alert Icon. icon. Click on the Alert This allows you to validate the configuration and reboot the Gateway. Click the Save and Restart link. You will be asked to confirm your choice, and the Gateway will reboot with the new configuration.
Configure Stateful Inspection Options Stateful Inspection Parameters are active on a WAN interface only if you enable them on your Gateway. • Stateful Inspection: To enable stateful inspection on this WAN interface, check the checkbox. • Default Mapping to Router: This is enabled by default. This option will allow the router to respond to traffic received on this interface, for example, ICMP Echo requests. • TCP Sequence Number Difference: Enter a value in this field.
Link: System The System Name defaults to your Gateway's factory identifier combined with its serial number. Some cable-oriented Service Providers use the System Name as an important identification and support parameter. If your Gateway is part of this type of network, do NOT alter the System Name unless specifically instructed by your Service Provider. The System Name can be 1-63 characters long; it can include embedded spaces and special characters.
Configure Link: Syslog Parameters You can configure a UNIX-compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the Gateway’s WAN Event History. Syslog sends log-messages to a host that you specify. To enable syslog logging, click on the Syslog Parameters link. Check the Syslog checkbox. The screen expands. • Syslog: Enable syslog logging in the system. • Syslog Host Name/IP Address: Enter the name or the IP Address of the host that should receive syslog messages.
• Facility: From the pull-down menu, select the Syslog facility to be used by the router when generating syslog messages. Options are local0 through local7. • Log Violations: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will generate messages whenever a packet is discarded because it violates the router's security policy. • Log Access Attempts: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will generate messages whenever a packet attempts to access the router or tries to pass through the router.
Configure Link: Internal Servers Your Gateway ships with an embedded Web server and support for a Telnet session, to allow ease of use for configuration and maintenance. The default ports of 80 for HTTP and 23 for Telnet may be reassigned. This is necessary if a pinhole is created to support applications using port 80 or 23. See “Pinholes” on page 69. for more information on Pinhole configuration.
Link: Software Hosting Software Hosting allows you to host internet applications when NAT is enabled. User(PC) specifies the machine on which the selected software is hosted. You can host different games and software on different PCs. To select the games or software that you want to host for a specific PC, highlight the name(s) in the box on the left side of the screen. Click the Add button to select the software that will be hosted.
Configure List of Supported Games and Software Age of Empires, v.1.0 Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome, v.1.0 Age of Wonders Bulder's Gate Battlefield Communicator CART Precision Racing, v 1.0 Close Combat for Windows 1.0 Close Combat: A Bridge Too Far, v 2.0 Close Combat III: The Russian Front, v 1.0 Combat Flight Sim: WWII Europe Series, v 1.0 Combat Flight Sim 2: WWII Pacific Thr, v 1.0 Diablo II Server FTP GNUtella H.
To rename a server, select the server from the pull-down menu. Then type a new name in the text box below the pull-down menu. Click the Update button to save the new name. ☛ Note: The new name given to a server is only known to Software Hosting. It is not used as an identifier in other network functions, such as DNS or DHCP. Link: Clear Options To restore the factory configuration of the Gateway, choose Clear Options. You may want to upload your configuration to a file before performing this function.
Configure 105
Security Button: Security The Security features are available by clicking on the Security toolbar button. Some items of this category do not appear when you log on as User. Link: Passwords Access to your Gateway may be controlled through two optional user accounts, Admin and User. When you first power up your Gateway, you create a password for the Admin account. The User account does not exist by default. As the Admin, a password for the User account can be entered or existing passwords changed.
Configure Create and Change Passwords. You can establish different levels of access security to protect your Cayman Gateway settings from unauthorized display or modification. • Admin level privileges let you display and modify all settings in the Cayman Gateway (Read/Write mode). The Admin level password is created when you first access your Gateway. • User level privileges let you display (but not change) settings of the Cayman Gateway.
To display the Passwords window, click the Security toolbar button on the Home page. Use the following procedure to change existing passwords or add the User password for your Cayman Gateway: 1. Select the password type from the Password Level pull-down list. Choose from Admin or User. 2. 3. If you assigned a password to the Cayman Gateway previously, enter your current password in the Old Password field. Enter your new password in the New Password field.
Configure 4. Enter your new password again in the Confirm Password field. You confirm the new password to verify that you entered it correctly the first time. 5. When you are finished, click the Submit button to store your modified configuration in the Cayman unit’s memory. Password changes are automatically saved, and take effect immediately. Link: Firewall Use a Cayman Firewall BreakWater Basic Firewall. BreakWater delivers an easily selectable set of pre-configured firewall protection levels.
☛ NOTE: BreakWater Basic Firewall operates independent of the NAT functionality on the Gateway. Configuring for a BreakWater Setting Use these steps to establish a firewall setting: 1. Ensure that you have enabled the BreakWater basic firewall with the appropriate feature key. See See “Use Cayman Software Feature Keys” on page 124. for reference. 2. 3. 4. 110 Click the Security toolbar button. Click Firewall. Click on the radio button to select the protection level you want. Click Submit.
Configure Changing the BreakWater setting does not require a restart to take effect. This makes it easy to change the setting “on the fly,” as your needs change.
To protect LAN users and their network from these types of attacks, BreakWater offers three levels of increasing protection. The following tables indicate the state of ports associated with session types, both on the WAN side and the LAN side of the Gateway. This table shows how inbound traffic is treated. Inbound means the traffic is coming from the WAN into the WAN side of the Gateway.
Configure 67 68 161 ☛ DHCP client DHCP server snmp ping (ICMP) Not Applicable Enabled Enabled Enabled Not Applicable Enabled Enabled Enabled Not Applicable Enabled Enabled WAN - Disabled LAN Local Address Only NOTE: The Gateway’s WAN DHCP client port in SilentRunning mode is enabled. This feature allows end users to continue using DHCPserved IP addresses from their Service Providers, while having no identifiable presence on the Internet.
Link: Security Log Security Monitoring detects security-related events, including common types of malicious attacks, and writes them to the security log file. Using the Security Monitoring Log You can view the Security Log at any time. Use the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click the Security toolbar button. Click the Security Log link. Click the Show link from the Security Log tool bar. An example of the Security Log is shown on the next page.
Configure The capacity of the security log is 100 security alert messages. When the log reaches capacity, subsequent messages are not captured, but they are noted in the log entry count.
Remember that the “time stamp” is Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) which is the equivalent of Greenwich Mean Time. ☛ NOTE: For your convenience, the table below lists the time offsets for various North American time zones. See Timestamp Background information on the next page for more details.
Configure When the Security Log contains no entries, this is the response: Timestamp Background During bootup, to provide better log information and to support improved troubleshooting, a Cayman Gateway acquires the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) reference signal. Once per hour, the Gateway attempts to re-acquire the NIST reference, for re-synchronization or initial acquisition of the UTC information.
Install Button: Install From the Install toolbar button you can Install new Operating System Software as updates become available.
Configure Link: Install Software This page allows you to install an updated release of the Cayman Operating System (CaymanOS). Updating Your Gateway’s CaymanOS Version. You install a new operating system image in your unit from the Install Operating System Software page. For this process, the computer you are using to connect to the Cayman Gateway must be on the same local area network as the Cayman Gateway.
Task 1: Required Files Upgrading the CaymanOS requires a Cayman Operating System image file. Background Software upgrade image files are posted periodically on the Netopia website. You can download the latest operating system software for your Gateway from the following URL: http://www.netopia.com/en-us/equipment/purchase/fmw_update.html When you download your operating system upgrade from the Netopia website, be sure to download the latest release notes or User Guide PDF files.
Configure The CaymanOS file name starts with the letter “c” (for “CaymanOS”). a. Click the Browse button, select the file you want, and click Open. -orb. Enter the name and path of the software image you want to install in the text field and click Open. 4. Click the Install Software button. The Cayman Gateway copies the image file from your computer and installs it into its memory storage. You see a progress bar appear on your screen as the image is copied and installed.
5. When the success message appears, click the Restart button and confirm the Restart when you are prompted. Your Cayman Gateway restarts with its new image.
Configure Verify the CaymanOS Release To verify that the CaymanOS image has loaded successfully, use the following steps: 1. 2. Open a web connection to your Cayman Gateway from the computer on your LAN and return to the Home page. Verify your CaymanOS Software Release, as shown on the Home Page. This completes the upgrade process.
Link: Install Keys You can obtain advanced product functionality by employing a software Feature Key. Software feature keys are specific to a Gateway's serial number. Once the feature key file is installed and the Gateway is restarted, the new feature's functionality becomes enabled. Use Cayman Software Feature Keys Cayman Gateway users obtain advanced product functionality by installing a software feature key.
Configure 4. Click the Install Key button. 5. Click the Restart toolbar button. The Confirmation screen appears.
6. Click the Restart the Gateway link to confirm. To check your installed features: 7. 8. Click the Install toolbar button. Click the List of Features link. The System Status page appears with the information from the features link displayed below.
Configure enabled.
CHAPTER 4 Basic Troubleshooting This section gives some simple suggestions for troubleshooting problems with your Gateway’s initial configuration. Before troubleshooting, make sure you have • read the Quickstart Guide; • plugged in all the necessary cables; and • set your PC’s TCP/IP controls to obtain an IP address auto- matically.
Status Indicator Lights The first step in troubleshooting is to check the status indicator lights (LEDs) in the order outlined below.
Status Indicator Lights Cayman Gateway 3341 status indicator lights Ethernet Link: Solid green when connected Ethernet Traffic: Flashes green when there is activity on the LAN DSL Traffic: er w iv ct A Po c nc Sy SL SB D U c ffi ffi Tr a SL D nk Li Tr a et et rn rn he he Et Et e Blinks green when traffic is sent/received over the WAN Power: Solid green when the power is on USB Active: Solid green when USB is connected otherwise, not lit DSL Sync: Blinking green with no line at
er C Po w 4 SY N SL 3 N D LA N LA 1 N LA LA N 2 Cayman Gateway 3346 status indicator lights Power: Solid green when the power is on DSL Sync: Blinks green with no line attached or training, Solid green when trained with the DSL line LAN 1, 2, 3, 4: Solid green when Ethernet link is established Blinks green when traffic is sent or received over the Ethernet 132
Status Indicator Lights Cayman Gateway 3347W status indicator lights 3347W Front View Power - Green when power is applied DSL SYNC Flashes green when training Solid green when trained Flashes green for DSL traffic LAN 1, 2, 3, 4 Solid green when connected to each port on the LAN. Flash green when there is activity on each port. Wireless Link - Flashes green when there is activity on the wireless LAN.
If a status indicator light does not look correct, look for these possible problems: LED State 1. 2. Power Unlit 3. 4. 1. 2. DSL Sync Unlit 3. 4. 5. 134 Possible problems Make sure the power switch is in the ON position. Make sure the power adapter is plugged into the 3341 properly. Try a known good wall outlet. Replace the power supply and/or unit. Make sure the you are using the correct cable. The DSL cable is the thinner standard telephone cable.
Status Indicator Lights Note: EN Link light is inactive if using USB. 1. 2. EN Link Unlit 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. EN Traffic 3. Unlit 4. 5. Make sure the you are using the Ethernet cable, not the DSL cable. The Ethernet cable is thicker than the standard telephone cable. Make sure the Ethernet cable is securely plugged into the Ethernet jack on the PC. If plugging a 3341 into a hub the you may need to plug into an uplink port on the hub, or use an Ethernet cross over cable.
Note: USB Active light is inactive if using Ethernet. 1. 2. USB Active Unlit 3. 4. 5. DSL Traffic 136 Make sure you have USB drivers installed on the PC. Make sure the PC’s TCP/IP Properties for the USB Network Control Panel is set to obtain an IP address via DHCP. Make sure the PC has obtained an address in the 192.168.1.x range. (You may have changed the subnet addressing.) Make sure the PC is configured to access the Internet over a LAN.
Factory Reset Switch Factory Reset Switch Lose your password? This section shows how to reset the Cayman Gateway so that you can access the configuration screens once again. ☛ NOTE: Keep in mind that all of your settings will need to be reconfigured. If you don't have a password, the only way to access the Cayman Gateway is the following: 1. Referring to the diagram below, find the round Reset Switch opening.
CHAPTER 5 Advanced Troubleshooting Advanced Troubleshooting can be accessed from the Gateway’s Web UI. Point your browser to http://192.168.1.254. The main page displays the device status. (If this does not make the Web UI appear, then do a release and renew in Windows networking to see what the Gateway address really is.
Home Page The home page displays basic information about the Gateway. This includes the ISP Username, Connection Status, Device Address, Remote Gateway Address, DNS-1, and DNS-2. If you are not able to connect to the Internet, verify the following: Item 140 Description Local WAN IP Address This is the negotiated address of the Gateway’s WAN interface. This address is usually dynamically assigned.
Item Status of Connection Description ‘Waiting for DSL’ is displayed while the Gateway is training. This should change to ‘Up’ within two minutes. If not, make sure an RJ-11 cable is used, the Gateway is connected to the correct wall jack, and the Gateway is not plugged into a micro filter. ‘No Connection’ is displayed if the Gateway has trained but failed the PPPoE login. This usually means an invalid user name or password. Go to Expert Mode and change the PPPoE name and password.
Button: Troubleshoot Expert Mode Expert Mode has advanced troubleshooting tools that are used to pinpoint the exact source of a problem. Clicking the Troubleshoot tab displays a page with links to System Status, Network Tools, and Diagnostics. • System Status: Displays an overall view of the system and its condition. • Network Tools: Includes NSLookup, Ping and TraceRoute. • Diagnostics: Runs a multi-layer diagnostic test that checks the LAN, WAN, PPPoE, and other connection issues.
Link: Ports: Ethernet The Ethernet port selection shows the traffic sent and received on the Ethernet interface. There should be frames and bytes on both the upstream and downstream sides. If there are not, this could indicate a bad Ethernet cable or no Ethernet connection.
Link: Ports: DSL The DSL port selection shows the state of the DSL line, whether it is up or down and how many times the Gateway attempted to train. The state should indicate ‘up’ for a working configuration. If it is not, check the DSL cable and make sure it is plugged in correctly and not connected to a micro filter.
Link: DSL: Circuit Configuration The DSL Circuit Configuration screen shows the traffic sent and received over the DSL line as well as the trained rate (upstream and downstream) and the VPI/VCI. Verify traffic is being sent over the DSL line. If not, check the cabling and make sure the Gateway is not connected to a micro filter. Also verify the correct PVC is listed, which should be 0/35 (some providers use other values, such as 8/35. Check with your provider).
Link: System Log: Entire The system log shows the state of the WAN connection as well as the PPPoE session. Verify that the PPPoE session has been correctly established and there are no failures. If there are error messages, go to the WAN configuration and verify the settings.
Diagnostics The diagnostics section tests a number of different things at the same time, including the DSL line, the Ethernet interface and the PPPoE session. The following table summarizes the possible results. CODE Description PASS FAIL SKIPPED The test was successful. The test was unsuccessful. The test was skipped because a test on which it depended failed, or it was not supported by the service provider equipment to which it is connected. PENDING The test timed out without producing a result.
Network Tools Three test tools are available from this page. • NSLookup - converts a domain name to its IP address and vice versa. • Ping - tests the “reachability” of a particular network destination by sending an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply. • TraceRoute - displays the path to a destination by showing the number of hops and the router addresses of these hops. 1.
Result: The DNS Server doing the lookup is displayed in the Server: and Address: fields. If the Name Server can find your entry in its table, it is displayed in the Name: and Address: fields. PING: The network tools section sends a PING from the Gateway to either the LAN or WAN to verify connectivity. A PING could be either an IP address (163.176.4.32) or Domain Name (www.netopia.com). 2.
Action If PING is not successful, possible causes are: Ping the Gateway’s LAN IP address IP address and subnet mask of PC are not on the same scheme as the Gateway; cabling or other connectivity issue. Ping the Gateway’s wan IP address Default gateway on PC is incorrect. Ping the Gateway’s internet default gateway IP address NAT is off on the Gateway and the internal IP addresses are private. Ping an internet site by IP address PC's subnet mask may be incorrect, site is down.
CHAPTER 6 Command Line Interface The Cayman Gateway operating software includes a command line interface (CLI) that lets you access your Cayman Gateway over a telnet connection. You can use the command line interface to enter and update the unit’s configuration settings, monitor its performance, and restart it.
Overview The CLI has two major command modes: SHELL and CONFIG. Summary tables that list the commands are provided below. Details of the entire command set follow in this section.
Overview CONFIG Commands Command Verbs set define delete view script help save Status and/or Description Set configuration data Define environment data Delete configuration list data View configuration data Print configuration data Help command option Save configuration data Keywords system pppoe dmt atm ip dhcp nat-default dns bridge ppp pinhole security servers validate preference Gateway’s system options PPP over Ethernet options DMT ADSL options ATM options (DSL only) TCP/IP protocol options Dynamic
Starting and Ending a CLI Session Open a telnet connection from a workstation on your network. You initiate a telnet connection by issuing the following command from an IP host that supports telnet, for example, a personal computer running a telnet application such as NCSA Telnet. telnet You must know the IP address of the Cayman Gateway before you can make a telnet connection to it. By default, your Cayman Gateway uses 192.168.1.254 as the IP address for its LAN interface.
Using the CLI Help Facility Saving Settings The save command saves the working copy of the settings to the Gateway. The Gateway automatically validates its settings when you save and displays a warning message if the configuration is not correct. Using the CLI Help Facility The help command lets you display on-line help for SHELL and CONFIG commands. To display a list of the commands available to you from your current location within the command line interface hierarchy, enter help.
About SHELL Commands You begin in SHELL mode when you start a CLI session. SHELL mode lets you perform the following tasks with your Cayman Gateway: • Monitor its performance • Display and reset Gateway statistics • Issue administrative commands to restart Cayman Gateway functions SHELL Prompt When you are in SHELL mode, the CLI prompt is the name of the Cayman Gateway followed by a right angle bracket (>).
SHELL Commands SHELL Commands Common Commands arp nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn Sends an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to match the nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn IP address to an Ethernet hardware address. clear [yes] Clears the configuration settings in a Cayman Gateway. If you do not use the optional yes qualifier, you are prompted to confirm the clear command. configure Puts the command line interface into Configure mode, which lets you configure your Cayman Gateway with Config commands.
Each test generates one of the following result codes: CODE PASS FAIL SKIPPED PENDING Description The test was successful. The test was unsuccessful. The test was skipped because a test on which it depended failed. The test timed out without producing a result. Try running the test again. download [ –key server_address] [filename] [confirm] With no flags set, this command installs a file of configuration parameters into the Cayman Gateway from a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server.
SHELL Commands dates the software image, and programs the image into the Cayman Gateway memory. After you install new operating software, you must restart the Cayman Gateway. The server_address argument identifies the IP address of the TFTP server on which your Cayman Gateway operating software is stored. The filename argument identifies the path and name of the operating software file on the TFTP server.
• 1 or low – Low-level informational messages or greater; • • • • includes trivial status messages. 2 or medium – Medium-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that can help monitor network traffic. 3 or high – High-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that may be significant but do not constitute errors. 4 or warning – Warnings or greater; includes recoverable error conditions and useful operator information.
SHELL Commands • The hostname argument is the name of the device you want to ping; for example, ping ftp.netopia.com. • The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec- imal notation, of the device you want to locate. If a host using the specified name or IP address is active, it returns one or more ICMP Echo replies, confirming that it is accessible from your network. • The -s size argument lets you specify the size of the ICMP packet.
reset dhcp server Clears the DHCP lease table in the Cayman Gateway. reset enet Resets Ethernet statistics to zero reset hosts Clears all entries in the host name table. Thereafter, when PCs configured as DHCP clients use the Gateway, new entries will be rebuilt. DHCP serving must be enabled. reset ipmap Clears the IPMap table (NAT). reset log Rewinds the diagnostic log display to the top of the existing Cayman Gateway diagnostic log. The reset log command does not clear the diagnostic log.
SHELL Commands the number of WAN Users is restricted and NAT is on. Use the all parameter to disconnect all users. If you logon as Admin you can disconnect any or all users. If you logon as User, you can only disconnect yourself. restart [seconds] Restarts your Cayman Gateway. If you include the optional seconds argument, your Cayman Gateway will restart when the specified number of seconds have elapsed. You must enter the complete restart command to initiate a restart.
show dhcp server store Displays the DHCP leases stored in NVRAM by your Cayman Gateway. show ip arp Displays the Ethernet address resolution table stored in your Cayman Gateway. show ip igmp Displays the contents of the IGMP Group Address table and the IGMP Report table maintained by your Cayman Gateway. show ip interfaces Displays the IP interfaces for your Cayman Gateway. show ip routes Displays the IP routes stored in your Cayman Gateway.
SHELL Commands show pppoe Displays status information for each PPP socket, such as the socket state, service names, and host ID values. show status Displays the current status of a Cayman Gateway, the device's hardware and software revision levels, a summary of errors encountered, and the length of time the Cayman Gateway has been running since it was last restarted. Identical to the status command.
the optional confirm keyword, you will not be prompted to identify a TFTP server or file name. who Displays the names of the current shell users. DSL Commands atmping vccn [ segment | end-to-end ] Lets you check the ATM connection reachability and network connectivity. This command sends five Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) loopback calls to the specified vpi/vci destination. There is a five second total timeout interval. Use the segment argument to ping a neighbor switch.
SHELL Commands reset dsl Resets any open DSL connection. reset ppp vccn Resets the point-to-point connection over the specified virtual circuit. This command only applies to virtual circuits that use PPP framing. show atm [all] Displays ATM statistics for the Cayman Gateway. The optional all argument displays a more detailed set of ATM statistics. show dsl Displays DSL port statistics, such as upstream and downstream connection rates and noise levels.
About CONFIG Commands You reach the configuration mode of the command line interface by typing configure (or any truncation of configure, such as c or config) at the CLI SHELL prompt. CONFIG Mode Prompt When you are in CONFIG mode, the CLI prompt consists of the name of the Cayman Gateway followed by your current node in the hierarchy and two right angle brackets (>>).
About CONFIG Commands Dogzilla (top)>> ip Dogzilla (ip)>> As a shortcut, you can enter the significant letters of the node name in place of the full node name at the CONFIG prompt. The significant characters of a node name are the letters that uniquely identify the node. For example, since no other CONFIG node starts with I, you could enter one letter (“i”) to move to the IP node.
Entering Commands in CONFIG Mode CONFIG commands consist of keywords and arguments. Keywords in a CONFIG command specify the action you want to take or the entity on which you want to act. Arguments in a CONFIG command specify the values appropriate to your site. For example, the CONFIG command set ip ethernet A ip_address consists of two keywords (ip, and ethernet A) and one argument (ip_address).
About CONFIG Commands Guidelines: CONFIG Commands The following table provides guidelines for entering and formatting CONFIG commands. Command component Rules for entering CONFIG commands Command verbs CONFIG commands must start with a command verb (set, view, delete). You can truncate CONFIG verbs to three characters (set, vie, del). CONFIG verbs are case-insensitive. You can enter “SET,” “Set,” or “set.” Keywords Keywords are case-insensitive.
Displaying Current Gateway Settings You can use the view command to display the current CONFIG settings for your Cayman Gateway. If you enter the view command at the top level of the CONFIG hierarchy, the CLI displays the settings for all enabled functions. If you enter the view command at an intermediate node, you see settings for that node and its subnodes.
About CONFIG Commands ping set mode (press Control-X to exit. For example: Dogzilla (top)>> set system ... system name (“Dogzilla”): Mycroft Diagnostic Level (High): medium Stepping mode ended. Validating Your Configuration You can use the validate CONFIG command to make sure that your configuration settings have been entered correctly. If you use the validate command, the Cayman Gateway verifies that all required settings for all services are present and that settings are consistent.
CONFIG Commands This section describes the keywords and arguments for the various CONFIG commands. DSL Commands ATM Settings. You can use the CLI to set up each ATM virtual circuit. set atm option {on | off } Enables the WAN interface of the Cayman Gateway to be configured using the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol. set atm [vcc n] option {on | off } Selects the virtual circuit for which further parameters are set.
CONFIG Commands set atm [vcc n] qos peak-cell-rate { 1 ...n } If QoS class is set to cbr, then specifiy the peak-cell-rate that should apply to the specified virtual circuit. This value should be between 1 and the line rate. set atm [vcc n] vpi { 0 ... 255 } Select the virtual path identifier (vpi) for VCC n. Your Service Provider will indicate the required vpi number. set atm [vcc n] vci { 0 ... 65535 } Select the virtual channel identifier (vci) for VCC n.
Your Service Provider will indicate the required encapsulation mode. set atm [vccn] pppoe-sessions { 1 ... 8 } Select the number of PPPoE sessions to be configured for VCC 1, up to a total of eight. The total number of pppoe-sessions and PPPoE VCCs configured must be less than or equal to eight. Bridging Settings Bridging lets the Cayman Gateway use MAC (Ethernet hardware) addresses to forward non-TCP/IP traffic from one network to another.
CONFIG Commands Common Commands set bridge option {on | off } Enables or disables bridging services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable bridging services within the Cayman Gateway before you can enable bridging for a specific interface. DSL Commands set bridge ethernet option { on | off } Enables or disables bridging services for the specified virtual circuit using Ethernet framing. set bridge interwan-bridging { on | off } Enables or disables bridging between virtual circuit connections.
Common Commands set dhcp option { off | server | relay-agent } Enables or disables DHCP services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable DHCP services before you can enter other DHCP settings for the Cayman Gateway. If you turn off DHCP services and save the new configuration, the Cayman Gateway clears its DHCP settings. set dhcp start-address ip_address If you selected server, specifies the first address in the DHCP address range.
CONFIG Commands DMT Settings DSL Commands set dmt type [ lite | dmt | ansi | multi ] Selects the type of Discrete Multitone (DMT) asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL) protocol to use for the WAN interface. Domain Name System Settings Domain Name System (DNS) is an information service for TCP/ IP networks that uses a hierarchical naming system to identify network domains and the hosts associated with them. You can identify a primary DNS server and one secondary server.
IP Settings You can use the command line interface to specify whether TCP/IP is enabled, identify a default Gateway, and to enter TCP/IP settings for the Cayman Gateway LAN and WAN ports. ☛ NOTE: For the DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from 1 to 8. Common Settings set ip option { on | off } Enables or disables TCP/IP services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable TCP/IP services before you can enter other TCP/IP settings for the Cayman Gateway.
CONFIG Commands to send messages to every host on your network simultaneously. The broadcast address for most networks is the network number followed by 255. For example, the broadcast address for the 192.168.1.0 network would be 192.168.1.255. set ip dsl vccn netmask netmask Specifies the subnet mask for the TCP/IP network connected to the virtual circuit. The subnet mask specifies which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represents network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.
Ethernet Hub Settings set ip ethernet option { on | off } Enables or disables communications through the designated Ethernet port in the Gateway. You must enable TCP/IP functions for an Ethernet port before you can configure its network settings. ☛ NOTE: Currently, the only option is on; it cannot be set to off. set ip ethernet A address ip_address Assigns an IP address to the Cayman Gateway on the local area network.
CONFIG Commands set ip ethernet A netmask netmask Specifies the subnet mask for the local Ethernet interface. The subnet mask specifies which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represent network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (Class C subnet mask). set ip ethernet A restrictions { none | admin-disabled } Specifies whether an administrator can open a telnet connection to a Cayman Gateway over the Ethernet interface to monitor and configure the unit.
Depending on your network needs, you can configure your Cayman Gateway to support RIP-1, RIP-2, or both. Default IP Gateway Settings set ip gateway option { on | off } Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should send packets to a default Gateway if it does not know how to reach the destination host. set ip gateway interface { ip-address | ppp-vccn } Specifies how the Cayman Gateway should route information to the default Gateway.
CONFIG Commands set ip ip-ppp [vccn] option { on | off } Enables or disables IP routing through the virtual PPP interface. By default, IP routing is turned off. You must enable IP routing before you can enter other IP routing settings for the virtual PPP interface. If you turn off IP routing and save the new configuration, the Cayman Gateway clears IP routing settings set ip ip-ppp [vccn] address ip_address Assigns an IP address to the virtual PPP interface. If you specify an IP address other than 0.0.0.
The default value for the ip_address argument is 0.0.0.0, which indicates that the virtual PPP interface will accept the IP address returned by the remote peer. If you enter 0.0.0.0, the peer system must be configured to supply this address. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] restriction { admin-disabled | none } Specifies restrictions on the types of traffic the Cayman Gateway accepts over the PPP virtual circuit. The admin-only argument means that router traffic is ignored but that administrative commands are accepted.
CONFIG Commands set ip ip-ppp [vccn] rip-send { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 } Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway unit should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to routers on the other side of the PPP link. An extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1), RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) expands the amount of useful information in the packets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several new features.
MAC address pairs only when it needs them. Optionally, you can define static ARP entries to map IP addresses to their corresponding Ethernet MAC addresses. Unlike dynamic ARP table entries, static ARP table entries do not time out. You can configure as many as 16 static ARP table entries for a Cayman Gateway. Use the following commands to add static ARP entries to the Cayman Gateway static ARP table: set ip static-arp ip-address ip_address Specifies the IP address for the static ARP entry.
CONFIG Commands Stateful inspection Stateful inpection options are accessed by state-insp tag. set state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn option [ off | on ] set state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] option [ off | on ] Sets the stateful inspection option off or on on the specified interface. This option is disabled by default. Stateful inspection prevents unsolicited inbound access when NAT is disabled.
set state-insp udp-timeout [ 30 - 65535 ] Sets the stateful inspection UDP timeout interval, in seconds. set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" Allows you to add an entry to the specified list, or, if the list does not exist, creates the list for the stateful inspection feature. Example: set xposed-addr exposed-address# (?): 32 32 has been added to the xposed-addr list. Sets the exposed list address number.
CONFIG Commands set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" protocol [ tcp | udp | both | any ] Sets the protocol for the stateful inspection feature for the exposed address list. Accepted values for protocol are tcp, udp, both, or any. If protocol is not any, you can set port ranges: set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" start-port [ 1 - 65535 ] set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" end-port [ 1 - 65535 ] Static Route Settings A static route identifies a manually configured pathway to a remote network.
set ip static-routes destination-network net_address netmask netmask Specifies the subnet mask for the IP network at the other end of the static route. Enter the netmask argument in dotted decimal format. The subnet mask associated with the destination network must represent the same network class (A, B, or C) or a lower class (such as a class C subnet mask for class B network number) to be valid.
CONFIG Commands • The remote network is more than one router away but the static route should not be replaced by a dynamic route, even if the dynamic route is more efficient. delete ip static-routes destination-network net_address Deletes a static route. Deleting a static route removes all information associated with that route. IPMaps Settings set ip-maps name internal-ip Specifies the name and static ip address of the LAN device to be mapped.
Network Address Translation (NAT) Default Settings NAT default settings let you specify whether you want your Cayman Gateway to forward NAT traffic to a default server when it doesn’t know what else to do with it. The NAT default host function is useful in situations where you cannot create a specific NAT pinhole for a traffic stream because you cannot anticipate what port number an application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is being opened.
CONFIG Commands as FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections, to a specific host behind the Cayman Gateway transparently. To set up NAT pinholes, you identify the type(s) of traffic you want to redirect by port number, and you specify the internal host to which each specified type of traffic should be directed.
set pinhole name name internal-ip internal-ip Specifies the IP address of the internal host to which traffic of the specified type should be transferred. set pinhole name name internal-port internal-port Specifies the port number your Cayman Gateway should use when forwarding traffic of the specified type. Under most circumstances, you would use the same number for the external and internal port.
CONFIG Commands set PPP module [vccn] mru integer Specifies the Maximum Receive Unit (MRU) for the PPP interface. The integer argument can be any number between 128 and 2048. set PPP module [vccn] magic-number { on | off } Enables or disables LCP magic number negotiation. set PPP module [vccn] protocol-compression { on | off } Specifies whether you want the Cayman Gateway to compress the PPP Protocol field when it transmits datagrams over the PPP link.
set PPP module [vccn] terminate-max integer Specifies the maximum number of unacknowledged termination requests that your Cayman Gateway will send before terminating the PPP link. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 10. set PPP module [vccn] restart-timer integer Specifies the number of seconds the Cayman Gateway should wait before retransmitting a configuration or termination request. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 30.
CONFIG Commands Configuring Port Authentication. You can use the following command to specify how your Cayman Gateway should respond when it receives an authentication request from a remote peer. The settings for port authentication on the local Cayman Gateway must match the authentication that is expected by the remote peer.
must be identical to the peer names for your Cayman Gateway on the remote peer. If you do not configure a username, then the authentication packets sent by the local peer will have blank name values. This may cause authentication to fail for some PPP implementations. Command Line Interface Preference Settings You can set command line interface preferences to customize your environment.
CONFIG Commands Port Renumbering Settings If you use NAT pinholes to forward HTTP or telnet traffic through your Cayman Gateway to an internal host, you must change the port numbers the Cayman Gateway uses for its own configuration traffic. For example, if you set up a NAT pinhole to forward network traffic on Port 80 (HTTP) to another host, you would have to tell the Cayman Gateway to listen for configuration connection requests on a port number other than 80, such as 6080.
the range 2000-65534 when assigning new port numbers to the Cayman Gateway telnet configuration interface. A setting of 0 (zero) will turn the server off. Security Settings Security settings include the Firewall and IPSec parameters. All of the security functionality is keyed. Firewall Settings (for BreakWater Firewall) set security firewall option [ ClearSailing | SilentRunning | LANdLocked ] The 3 settings for BreakWater are discussed in detail on page page 109.
CONFIG Commands set snmp community trap name Adds the specified name to the list of communities associated with the Cayman Gateway. set snmp trap ip-traps ip-address [ community community-name ] Identifies the destination for SNMP trap messages. The ipaddress argument is the IP address of the host acting as an SNMP console. The optional community community-name identifies the name of the Cayman Gateway community, which is included in the trap message the device sends to the management console.
System Settings You can configure system settings to assign a name to your Cayman Gateway and to specify what types of messages you want the diagnostic log to record. set system name name Specifies the name of your Cayman Gateway. Each Cayman Gateway is assigned a name as part of its factory initialization. The default name for a Cayman Gateway consists of the word “Cayman-XX” and the serial number of the device; for example, Cayman-2E810700. A system name can be 1-64 characters long.
CONFIG Commands Use the following guidelines: • low - Low-level informational messages or greater; includes trivial status messages. • medium - Medium-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that can help monitor network traffic. • alerts - Warnings or greater; includes recoverable error conditions and useful operator information. • failures - Failures; includes messages describing error conditions that may not be recoverable.
set system heartbeat { on | off } protocol [ udp | tcp ] port-client [ 1 - 65535 ] ip-server ip_address port-server [ 1 - 65535 ] url-server ("server_name") interval (00:00:00:20) contact-email ("string@domain_name") location ("string"): The heartbeat setting is used in conjunction with the configuration server to broadcast contact and location information about your Gateway. You can specify the protocol, port, IP-, port-, and URL-server. The interval setting specifies the broadcast update frequency.
CONFIG Commands Syslog set system syslog option [ off | on ] Enables or disables system syslog feature. If syslog option is on, the following commands are available: set system syslog host-nameip [ ip_address | hostname ] Specifies the syslog server’s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 64 characters. set system syslog log-facility [ local0 ... local7 ] Sets the UNIX syslog Facility.
set wireless essid { network_name } Specifies the wireless network id for the Gateway. A unique essid is generated for each Gateway. You must set your wireless clients to connect to this exact id, which can be changed to any 32-character string. set wireless default-channel { 1...14 } Specifies the wireless 2.4GHz subchannel on which the wireless Gateway will operate. For US operation, this is limited to channels 1–11. Other countries vary; for example, Japan is channel 14 only.
CONFIG Commands 40bit is the same as 64bit and will work with either type of wireless client. The default is off. A single key is selected (see default-key) for encryption of outbound/transmitted packets. The WEP-enabled client must have the identical key, of the same length, in the identical slot (1..4) as the wireless Gateway, in order to successfully receive and decrypt the packet. Similarly, the client also has a ‘default’ key that it uses to encrypt its transmissions.
set wireless wep encryption-key1-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit} set wireless wep encryption-key2-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit} set wireless wep encryption-key3-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit} set wireless wep encryption-key4-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit} Selects the length of each encryption key. 40bit encryption is equivalent to 64bit encryption. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more difficult it is to break the encryption.
CHAPTER 7 Glossary 10Base2. IEEE 802.3 specification for Ethernet that uses thin coaxial cable to run at 10 Mbps. Limited to 185 meters per segment. 10Base5 IEEE 802.3 baseband physical layer specification for Ethernet that uses thick coaxial cable to run at 10 Mbps. Limited to 500 meters per segment. 10Base-T. IEEE 802.3 specification for Ethernet that uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring with RJ-45 eight-conductor plugs at each end. Runs at 10 Mbps. -----A----ACK. Acknowledgment.
adapter. Board installed in a computer system to provide network communication capability to and from that computer system. address mask. See subnet mask. ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Modems attached to twisted pair copper wiring that transmit 1.5-9 Mbps downstream (to the subscriber) and 16 -640 kbps upstream, depending on line distance. AH. The Authentication Header provides data origin authentication, connectionless integrity, and anti-replay protection services.
Auth Protocol. Authentication Protocol for IP packet header. The three parameter values are None, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH). -----B----backbone. The segment of the network used as the primary path for transporting traffic between network segments. baud rate. Unit of signaling speed equal to the number of number of times per second a signal in a communications channel varies between states.
-----C----carrier. Signal suitable for transmission of information. CAST. Encryption algorithm using variable key length of maximum 128 bits. CCITT. Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique or Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone. An international organization responsible for developing telecommunication standards. CD. Carrier Detect. CHAP. Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol.
CSU/DSU. Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit. Device responsible for connecting a digital circuit, such as a T1 link, with a terminal or data communications device. CTS. Clear to Send. Circuit activated in hardware flow control when a modem (or other DCE) is ready to accept data from the computer (or other DTE). Compare RTS, xon/xoff. -----D----data bits. Number of bits used to make up a character. datagram. Logical grouping of information sent as a networklayer unit. Compare frame, packet. DCE.
DHCP. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A network configuration protocol that lets a router or other device assign IP addresses and supply other network configuration information to computers on your network. dial in . Port setting that specifies that other routers can initiate a connection to the local router but that the local router cannot initiate a connection to other routers. A port can be set as both dial in and dial out. Compare dial out. dial on demand.
DSL. Digital Subscriber Line. Modems on either end of a single twisted pair wire that delivers ISDN Basic Rate Access. DTE. Data Terminal Equipment. Network node that passes information to a DCE (modem) for transmission. A computer or router communicating through a modem is an example of a DTE device. DTR. Data Terminal Ready. Circuit activated to indicate to a modem (or other DCE) that the computer (or other DTE) is ready to send and receive data. -----E----echo interval.
It encrypts the contents of the datagram as specified by the Security Association. The ESP transformations encrypt and decrypt portions of datagrams, wrapping or unwrapping the datagram within another IP datagram. Optionally, ESP transformations may perform data integrity validation and compute an Integrity Check Value for the datagram being sent. The complete IP datagram is enclosed within the ESP payload. Ethernet crossover cable. See crossover cable. -----F----FCS. Frame Check Sequence.
-----H----Hard MBytes. Setting the Hard MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Hard MByte value. The value can be configured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data traffic passed. Hard Seconds. Setting the Hard Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Hard Seconds value. The value can be configured between 60 and 1,000,000 seconds hardware handshake.
hop count. Distance, measured in the number of routers to be traversed, from a local router to a remote network. See metric. hub. Another name for a repeater. The hub is a critical network element that connects everything to one centralized point. A hub is simply a box with multiple ports for network connections. Each device on the network is attached to the hub via an Ethernet cable. -----I----IKE.
IPCP. Internet Protocol Control Protocol. A network control protocol in PPP specifying how IP communications will be configured and operated over a PPP link. IPSEC. A protocol suite defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force to protect IP traffic at packet level. It can be used for protecting the data transmitted by any service or application that is based on IP, but is commonly used for VPNs. ISAKMP.
LQM Link Quality Monitoring. Optional facility that lets PPP make policy decisions based on the observed quality of the link between peers. Documented in RFC 1333. loopback test. Diagnostic procedure in which data is sent from a devices's output channel and directed back to its input channel so that what was sent can be compared to what was received. -----M----magic number. Random number generated by a router and included in packets it sends to other routers.
MTU. Maximum Transmission Unit. The maximum packet size, in bytes, that can be sent over a network interface. MULTI-LAYER. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model divides network traffic into seven distinct levels, from the Physical (hardware) layer to the Application (software) layer. Those in between are the Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, and Data Link layers.
-----P----packet. Logical grouping of information that includes a header and data. Compare frame, datagram. PAP. Password Authentication Protocol. Security protocol within the PPP protocol suite that prevents unauthorized access to network services. See RFC 1334 for PAP specifications. Compare CHAP. parity. Method of checking the integrity of each character received over a communication channel. Peer External IP Address.
PING. Packet INternet Groper. Utility program that uses an ICMP echo message and its reply to verify that one network node can reach another. Often used to verify that two hosts can communicate over a network. PPP. Point-to-Point Protocol. Provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial router-to-router or host-to-network connections using synchronous or asynchronous circuits. Pre-Shared Key. The Pre-Shared Key is a parameter used for authenticating each side.
route. Path through a network from one node to another. A large internetwork can have several alternate routes from a source to a destination. routing table. Table stored in a router or other networking device that records available routes and distances for remote network destinations. RTS. Request to Send. Circuit activated in hardware flow control when a computer (or other DTE) is ready to transmit data to a modem (or other DCE). See CTS, xon/xoff. -----S----SA Encrypt Type.
An arbitrary 32-bit number called a Security Parameters Index (SPI), as well as the destination host’s address and the IPSEC protocol identifier, identify each SA. An SPI is assigned to an SA when the SA is negotiated. The SA can be referred to by using an SPI in AH and ESP transformations. SA is unidirectional. SAs are commonly setup as bundles, because typically two SAs are required for communications. SA management is always done on bundles (setup, delete, relay). serial communication.
encrypt and authenticate a packet. It should be a unique number greater than 255. STATEFUL. The Cayman Gateway monitors and maintains the state of any network transaction. In terms of network requestand-reply, state consists of the source IP address, destination IP address, communication ports, and data sequence. The Cayman Gateway processes the stream of a network conversation, rather than just individual packets.
telnet. IP protocol that lets a user on one host establish and use a virtual terminal connection to a remote host. twisted pair. Cable consisting of two copper strands twisted around each other. The twisting provides protection against electromagnetic interference. -----U----UTP. Unshielded twisted pair cable. -----V----VJ. Van Jacobson. Abbreviation for a compression standard documented in RFC 1144. -----W----WAN. Wide Area Network.
Description CHAPTER 8 Technical Specifications and Safety Information Description Dimensions: 13.5 cm (w) x 13.5 cm (d) x 3.5 cm (h) 5.25” (w) x 5.25” (d) x 1.5” (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia 3300 Series Gateways have an RJ-11 jack for DSL line connections or an RJ-45 jack for cable/DSL modem connections and 1 or 4–port 10/100Base-T Ethernet switch for your LAN connections.
Power requirements ■ 12 VDC input ■ 1.0 amps ■ USB-powered models only: For Use with Listed I.T.E. Only Environment Operating temperature: 0° to +40° C Storage temperature: 0° to +70° C Relative storage humidity: 20 to 80% noncondensing Software and protocols Software media: Software preloaded on internal flash memory; field upgrades done via download to internal flash memory via TFTP or web upload.
Agency approvals Agency approvals North America Safety Approvals: ■ United States – UL: 1950 Third Edition ■ Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95 EMC: ■ United States – FCC Part 15 Class B ■ Canada – ICES-003 Telecom: ■ United States – FCC Part 68 ■ Canada – CS-03 International Safety Approvals: ■ Low Voltage (European directive) 73/23 ■ EN60950 (Europe) EMI Compatibility: ■ 89/336/EEC (European directive) ■ EN55022:1994 ■ EN300 386 V1.2.
The Netopia 3300 Series complies with the following EU directives: ■ Low Voltage, 73/23/EEC ■ EMC Compatibility, 89/336/EEC, conforming to EN 55 022 Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformance ☛ Warnings: This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Adequate measures include increasing the physical distance between this product and other electrical devices.
Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformance which the receiver is connected. ■ Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help. Service requirements. In the event of equipment malfunction, all repairs should be performed by our Company or an authorized agent. Under FCC rules, no customer is authorized to repair this equipment. This restriction applies regardless of whether the equipment is in or our of warranty.
Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company’s inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly (telephone extension cord).
Important Safety Instructions Important Safety Instructions Australian Safety Information The following safety information is provided in conformance with Australian safety requirements: Caution DO NOT USE BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTIONS: Do not connect the Ethernet ports to a carrier or carriage service provider’s telecommunications network or facility unless: a) you have the written consent of the network or facility manager, or b) the connection is in accordance with a connection permit or connection r
FCC Part 68 Information FCC Requirements 1. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established Rules which permit this device to be directly connected to the telephone network. Standardized jacks are used for these connections. This equipment should not be used on party lines or coin phones. 2. If this device is malfunctioning, it may also be causing harm to the telephone network; this device should be disconnected until the source of the problem can be determined and until repair has been made.
FCC Part 68 Information b) List all applicable certification jack Universal Service Order Codes (“USOC”) for the equipment: RJ11. c) A plug and jack used to connect this equipment to the premises wiring and telephone network must comply with the applicable FCC Part 68 rules and requirements adopted by the ACTA. A compliant telephone cord and modular plug is provided with this product. It is designed to be connected to a compatible modular jack that is also compliant.
i) Connection to party line service is subject to state tariffs. Contact the state public utility commission, public service commission or corporation commission for information. j) If your home has specially wired alarm equipment connected to the telephone line, ensure the installation of this Netopia 3300 Series router does not disable your alarm equipment. If you have questions about what will disable alarm equipment, consult your telephone company or qualified installer.
Index Symbols !! command 156 A Access the GUI 44 Address resolution table 164 Administrative restrictions 186 Administrator password 44, 107, 154 Arguments, CLI 170 ARP Command 157, 166 Authentication 199 Authentication trap 202 B Bridging 176 Broadcast address 180, 182 C CLI 151 !! command 156 Arguments 170 Command shortcuts 156 Command truncation 169 Configuration mode 168 Keywords 170 Navigating 168 Prompt 156, 168 Restart command 156 SHELL mode 156 View command 172 Command ARP 157, 166 Ping 160 Teln
F M Feature Keys Obtaining 124 FTP 194 Magic number 197 Memory 164 Metric 192 H N Hardware address 176 hijacking 228 Hop count 192 HTTP traffic 201 Nameserver 179 NAT 38, 186, 194 Traffic rules 83 NAT Default Server 42 Netmask 183 Network Address Translation 38 Network Test Tools 37 NSLookup 38 I ICMP Echo 160 Install 118 IP address 180, 182 Default 44 IP interfaces 164 IP routes 164 K Keywords, CLI 170 L LCP echo request 197 Link Install Software 118 Quickstart 53, 55, 64 Local Area Network 36 Lo
Q qos peak-cell-rate 175 qos service-class 174 R Restart 163 Restart command 156 Restart timer 198 Restrictions 186 RIP 183 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 183 S Secondary nameserver 179 Security log 115 Set bncp command 174, 175, 176 Set bridge commands 177 Set dns commands 179 Set ip static-routes commands 191 Set ppp module port authentication command 199 Set preference more command 200 Set preference verbose command 200 Set servers command 201 Set servers telnet-tcp command 201 Set snmp sysgroup lo
Telnet traffic 201 TFTP 194 TFTP server 159 Toolbar 48 TraceRoute 38, 148 Trap 202 Trivial File Protocol 158 Truncation 169 Transfer U Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) 116 User name 154 User password 44, 107, 154 V set atm 174, 175 View command 172 VPN IPSec Pass Through 42 W Wide Area Network 34 Wireless 58 244
Cayman 3300 series by Netopia Netopia, Inc.