AL4000 DMX512 Processors Revision 5.0 September 2010 www.ArtisticLicence.
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C O N T E N T S DMX512 Processor Range Overview............ 8 AL4002 Three Phase Dimmer ................... 11 AL4005 Demux Controller....................... 22 AL4006/9 Analogue & Relay Controller ....... 34 AL4007 Demux Controller....................... 41 AL4008 Relay Controller ........................ 48 AL4016 Single Phase Dimmer ................... 54 AL4020 Multiplex Controller .................... 63 AL4100 Servo Motion Controller ............... 70 AL4400 PWM Dimmer Processor..............
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I N Overview T R O D U C T I O N Artistic Licence offers a range of products tailored to the specific requirements of product manufacturers in the Lighting Industry. The AL4000 DMX512 Processor (aka Dimmer Chips) range include microprocessor solutions for a wide selection of lighting control products. The range is usually supplied at chip level for integration at the design phase. We can, however, supply board level solutions or indeed entire turnkey product design.
AL4007 AL4008 AL4016 AL4020 AL4100 AL4200 Demux Controller The AL4007 is a 40 pin DIL device. It provides all the control features required to develop a 72 channel DMX512 to analogue converter. DMX base address is set by external thumbwheel inputs. Relay Controller The AL4008 is a 40 pin DIL device. It provides all the control features required to develop a 24 channel DMX512 to switched relay converter. Individual DMX channels are used to set the state of each relay.
AL4400 AL4800 AL2001 / AL3001 PWM Dimmer Controller The AL4400 provides all the control features required for a high specification DC - PWM dimmer. Applications include low voltage lamp dimming, LED, LEP, EL and cold cathode colour mixing. The AL4400 is the core technology used in the Power-Pipe and Colour-Fill. PWM Moving Lamp Controller The AL4800 provides all the control features required for a medium specification moving lamp or moving yoke.
THE AL4002 Overview THREE PHASE DIMMER The AL4002 is a 68 pin PLCC device. It provides all the control features required for a medium specification three phase digital dimmer. Both analogue and DMX512 inputs are supported.
Pin Functions Pin Function In / Out 1 NC - 2 VCC I 3 Output 1 (PH1-1) O 4 BCD input (HUN1) I 5 BCD input (HUN2) I 6 BCD input (HUN4) I 7 BCD input (HUN8) I 8 Output 12 (PH3-4) O 9 Output 11 (PH3-3) O 10 Output 10 (PH3-2) O 11 Output 9 (PH3-1) O 12 BCD input (TEN8) I 13 BCD input (TEN4) I 14 BCD input (TEN2) I 15 BCD input (TEN1) I 16 RESET (Active low) I 17 TEST (Connect to 0V) I 18 NC - 19 GND I 20 VCC I 21 NC - 22 NC - 23 Analogue Bus
Pin Functions Pin Function In / Out 41 Curve select (CURVE0) I 42 NC - 43 TTL DMX512 Input (RX) I 44 Phase Output Sequence (ORDER) I 45 NC - 46 NC - 47 BCD input (UNIT2) I 48 BCD input (UNIT1) I 49 VCC I 50 Crystal Connection (OSC1) I 51 Crystal Connection (OSC2) O 52 NC - 53 GND I 54 Good Data, Lo=Good (GOOD) O 55 BCD input (UNIT4) I 56 BCD input (UNIT8) I 57 Fan drive, Hi=Fast (HIFAN) O 58 Zero Cross Input. Active Low (ZC2) I 59 Zero Cross Input.
Phase Outputs Phase Sequence The AL4002 phase outputs are synchronised to the three zero cross input signals over a frequency range of 45 to 65Hz. The output phase trigger position is defined by the highest value of the DMX512 input, the analogue input and the preheat level. The output is additionally modified by the output curve selected. The AL4002 is designed such that it can be used for both standard configurations of three phase dimmer.
It is imperative that the rise time of the signal is greater that 1uS. Failure to adhere to this specification may cause output inaccuracy. The minimum low period of the zero cross signal is 10uS. The allowed frequency range is 90Hz to 125Hz. Frequencies outside this range will cause non linear output. Output timing The following examples show the relationship between Output, Zero cross for three input values.
0 0 1 1 DMX512 Input Good Data Fan Speed Power Supply Crystal EMC DMX512 Isolation 0 0 1 0 1 Input Input Input Input 1 2 3 4 Input Input Input Input 5 6 7 8 Input Input Input Input 9 10 11 12 Spare 1 Spare 2 Spare 3 Preheat The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176. The GOOD signal is driven low to show that valid DMX512 data is being received.
systems) it is very important to ensure that the cable screen is connected to pin 1 and that pin 1 is not connected to mains earth. This simple precaution solves most DMX512 problems. It is also a good idea to isolate the DMX512 input circuitry. Application The following circuit shows the AL4002 application drawing. This is also the circuit diagram for the evaluation PCB. Support@ArtisticLicence.
1 2 4 3 VCC J7 SW3 C2 560pF C8 560pF C4 560pF C1 560pF C1 C2 C3 560pF COM COM 2 20 37 49 29 D DGND 60 45 46 21 22 25 26 27 28 39 HUN8 HUN4 HUN2 HUN1 TEN8 TEN4 TEN2 TEN1 UNIT8 UNIT4 UNIT2 UNIT1 C ORDER CURVE0 CURVE1 INVERT Fan Hi 57 AN-A AN-B AN-C AN-D ANAD1 ANAD0 31 32 24 23 33 34 ZC1 ZC2 ZC3 HI FAN AN-A AN-B AN-C AN-D ANAD1 ANAD0 RX GOOD MCLR TEST PH1-1 PH1-2 PH1-3 PH1-4 PH2-1 PH2-2 PH2-3 PH2-4 PH3-1 PH3-2 PH3-3 PH3-4 7 6 5 4 12 13 14 15 56 55 47 48 HUN8 HUN4 HUN2 HUN1 TEN8 TEN4
1 2 3 4 U9 20 1 19 2 VCC DC3 D 16 VCC 3 VCC J17 C IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 DIODE CLAMP GND OUT 1 OUT 2 OUT 3 OUT 4 OUT 5 OUT 6 OUT 7 OUT 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 16 5 15 6 14 RP6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 1M 4 2 5 1 11 15 14 12 6 9 10 DGND ANAD1 ANAD0 DGND DGND 330R U3 Y3B Y2B Y1B Y0B Y3A Y2A Y1A Y0A E A1 A0 ZB ZA 3 AN-B 13 AN-A 4052 SIP 10 Pin ULN2803 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 8 12 9 11 10 C 8 7 U7 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 Evaluation Board Frequency Source 4 VCC R6 D D 1K DC4 D2 1N4148 Control V 6 Threshold NE555 1 C6 10nF C R5 91K 7 Discharge GND Trigger 5 R7 3K3 3 Output MAX 2 VCC Reset RV2 47K C5 100nF MIN DGND VCC C VCC 22UF 22UF DGND MAX DE1 VCC J3 1 2 3 4 RV1 +5V IP Gnd IP 85-120Hz OP 0-5V OP B 4 Pin Screw Term 10K TP3 TP2 TP1 MIN DE2 Evaluation Board Analog Voltage Source B Frequencey Adjust 8 CAP 100NF DGND U5 4 D1 1N4148 DGND DGND Evaluation Board Prototype
Bill Of Materials The following components are required for the evaluation PCB. Please note that some component values may require modification subject to the intended application.
Designator RV1 RV2 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 TP1 TP2 TP3 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 XTAL1 Part Type 10K 47K BCD-HOZ BCD-HOZ BCD-HOZ SW-DIP4 TESTPOINT TESTPOINT TESTPOINT 75176 4052 4052 AL4002 NE555 ULN2803 ULN2803 HDSP4820 LED Pack HDSP4820 LED Pack 16MHz Crystal Support@ArtisticLicence.
T H E Overview A L 4 0 0 5 DEMUX PROCESSOR The AL4005 is designed to receive the DMX512 protocol and provide all the control signals necessary to generate 96 channels of analogue control signals. The AL4005 is suitable for the development of DMX512 to Analogue Decoders and also provides an elegant solution to the DMX512 upgrade of existing analogue dimmers. The AL4005 is supplied as a 40 pin DIL device.
Pin Functions Circuit Operation Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC 5V Chip Select 0 Chip Select 1 Chip Select 2 Chip Select 3 Chip Select 4 Chip Select 5 DAC Select TRIG - Scope Trigger GND BCD Unit 1 BCD Unit 2 BCD Unit 4 BCD Unit 8 (msb) BCD Ten 1 BCD Ten 2 BCD Ten 4 BCD Ten 8 (msb) Osc1 (16mhz crystal) Osc2 (16mhz crystal) NC DMX512 TTL Receive NC Good Rx (Open Collector, Lo=Good) NC NC Test (Connect to GND) B
TL084 has been chosen in order to provide a very high input impedance for the sample and hold circuit. It should be noted that the address and chip select signals are all converted to CMOS voltages, in order to drive the demultiplex circuitry at a 15V supply. The analogue output of the DAC is amplified to produce the analogue level required by the demultiplexors. DMX512 Base Address Test Mode The BCD inputs are used to set the DMX base address.
Output timing The signals AD0-AD3 and CS0-CS5 are used to address the demultiplexor circuits. The signals continue to operate independent of whether the DMX512 input exists. The cycle time will vary depending on the refresh rate of the received DMX512. AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 CS0 Channel 3 DMX512 Input Good Data Power Supply Crystal The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176.
EMC Application There are two major considerations in reducing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the AL4005. The device tends to generate noise at the third harmonic of the crystal (48MHz). Adding the crystal capacitors detailed above reduces this to acceptable limits. Broad band noise can be reduced by good decoupling. A range of 22uF aluminium capacitors and 0u1 ceramic capacitors should be used on the circuit board.
1 2 VCC DC4 14 560pF U2 Vcc HUN1 HUN2 HUN4 C 8 2 N1 TNET 6 1 7 R1 N2 TNET J4 120R 1 2 3 4 VCC 3 DC2 N3 TNET SIP 3 PIN 75176 +AN 11 100NF DC6 DGND B DGND DGND DGND VCC LED1 2 R4 100R 7 6 12 13 22UF 22UF 22UF 22UF 22UF DE1 DE6 DE5 DE2 DE4 4 MIN RV1 4K7 MAX DC5 1.00 Rev.
2 4 3 D DC15 +AN 100NF 4 1 DGND D U11A 3 C18 470pF 1 2 11 TL084 DC14 -AN 100NF DGND U11B 5 7 C17 470pF 6 U11C TL084 10 C15 470pF 8 J9 9 DP1 1 2 3 4 5 +AN C TL084 DC8 U11D 24 12 C13 470pF 100NF DGND 14 DC11 +AN 13 TL084 13 14 11 10 15 A3 A2 A1 A0 E VSS B Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 DGND 1 2 3 4 5 U8A 3 C11 470pF 1 2 Output 5 Output 6 Output 7 Output 8 TL084 DC10 -AN 100NF DGND DGND U8B 5 7 C9 470pF B 6 U8C TL084 10 C7 470pF 12
2 D DC7 +AN 100NF 4 1 DGND 3 4 D U7A 3 C3 470pF 1 2 11 TL084 DC9 -AN 100NF DGND U7B 5 7 C4 470pF 6 U7C TL084 10 C6 470pF 8 J11 9 DP2 TL084 C 1 2 3 4 5 U7D 12 14 DC12 +AN 100NF 4 C8 470pF 13 TL084 Output 9 Sig Output 10 Sig Output 11 Sig Output 12 Sig Output 13 Sig Output 14 Sig Output 15 Sig Output 16 Sig DGND C J12 1 2 3 4 5 U10A 3 C10 470pF Output 9 Output 10 Output 11 Output 12 1 2 Output 13 Output 14 Output 15 Output 16 11 TL084 DC13 -AN 100NF DGND U10B D
Bill Of Materials The following components are required for the evaluation PCB. Please note that some component values may require modification subject to the intended application.
Designator J1 J10 J11 J12 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 LED1 LED2 N1 N2 N3 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4 RV1 SW1 SW2 SW3 TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 U1 U10 U11 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 XTAL1 Part Type CONN SIP 4PIN CONN SIP 5PIN CONN SIP 5PIN CONN SIP 5PIN CONN SIP 4PIN CONN SIP 4PIN CONN SIP 3PIN CONN SCREW 4PIN CONN SIP 5PIN CONN SIP 5PIN CONN SIP 5PIN CONN SIP 5PIN LED 3MM LED 3MM Tnet 150uHNET Tnet 150uHNET Tnet 150uHNET 120R 330R 330R 100R 680R 10K 10K 10K 10K 4K7 BCD-HOZ BCD-HOZ BCD-HOZ TESTPOINT TESTPOINT TESTPOI
THE AL4006/9 ANALOGUE AND RELAY PROCESSOR Overview The AL4006 is designed to receive the DMX512 protocol and provide two analogue outputs and sixteen switch outputs. Applications include: • • • • • Single and dual channel dimmer control Smoke machine remote control Colour scroller control Motor speed control Robotics The AL4006 - AL4009 are supplied as 40 pin DIL devices.
Pin Functions Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC 5V SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 SW 5 SW6 SW 7 SW 8 GND BCD Unit 1 BCD Unit 2 Analogue 1 Analogue 2 BCD Ten 1 BCD Ten 2 BCD Ten 4 BCD Ten 8 (msb) Osc1 (16mhz crystal) Osc2 (16mhz crystal) NC DMX512 TTL Receive NC Good Rx (Open Collector, Lo=Good) BCD Unit 8 BCD Unit 4 Test (Connect to GND) BCD Hundred 4 BCD Hundred 2 BCD Hundred 1 GND MCLR (Connect to VCC) SW 16 SW 15 SW14 SW
Circuit Operation The AL4006 provides sixteen outputs (SW1-SW16) for driving relays or other binary devices. The relay outputs are controlled by the levels of sixteen consecutive DMX512 channels, starting at the base address. The SW0 output will switch low when the base address channel exceeds 50%. (The AL4009 will switch high when the base address channel exceeds 50%. ) The maximum sink current of the relay outputs is 35mA.
DMX512 Base Address The BCD inputs are used to set the DMX base address. The inputs are set up for connection of three standard Binary Coded Decimal Thumbwheel switches. The BCD inputs are active low, i.e. to select a base address of 001, connect UNIT1 to ground and pull up all other BCD inputs. Valid addresses range from 001 to 512.
DMX512 Input Good Data Power Supply Crystal EMC Application The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176. The GOOD signal is driven low to show that valid DMX512 data is being received. The output is suitable for direct connection (via a current limit resistor) to the cathode of a 20mA LED. The AL4006/9 requires a 5V DC supply at approximately 6mA All Ground and Vcc pins must be connected.
1 2 4 3 VCC C1 VCC COM COM SW5 NO SW6 COM DGND 1 2 4 8 5 4 3 2 1 10K J3 W1 W2 W4 W8 1 2 4 8 RP1 5 4 3 2 1 DGND DGND RLY4 1 2 3 4 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 UNIT1 UNIT2 UNIT4 UNIT8 TEN1 TEN2 TEN4 TEN8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 HUN1 HUN2 HUN4 1 2 3 4 C PWM1 PWM2 Screw Term 4 Pin DGND + J15 VCC SW7 NO SW8 COM 1 2 3 4 R3 330R LED2 Screw Term 4 Pin - VCC LED1 DE1 22UF DE2 22UF DGND 8 XTAL1 16MHz Crystal 100NF U1 VCC 10 31 DGND N1 TNET 2 6 1 N2 TNET B Evaluation Board Prototype Area J
Bill Of Materials The following components are required for the evaluation PCB.
T H E Overview A L 4 0 0 7 DEMUX PROCESSOR The AL4007 is designed to receive the DMX512 protocol and provide all the control signals necessary to generate 72 channels of analogue control signals. The AL4007 is suitable for the development of DMX512 to Analogue Decoders and also provides an elegant solution to the DMX512 upgrade of existing analogue dimmers. The AL4007 is supplied as a 40 pin DIL device.
Pin Functions Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC 5V CS Address 0 CS Address 1 CS Address 2 CS Enable CS 8 NC DAC Select TRIG - Scope Trigger GND BCD Unit 1 BCD Unit 2 BCD Unit 4 BCD Unit 8 (msb) BCD Ten 1 BCD Ten 2 BCD Ten 4 BCD Ten 8 (msb) Osc1 (16mhz crystal) Osc2 (16mhz crystal) NC DMX512 TTL Receive NC Good Rx (Open Collecter, Lo=Good) NC NC Test (Connect to GND) BCD Hundred 4 BCD Hundred 2 BCD Hundred 1 GND M
Circuit Operation The AL4007 and 74LS138 provide chip selects and address outputs, used to address a single demultiplex channel from the 72 available. The analogue multiplex output is then routed through that channel to the sample and hold circuit. The application drawings which follow show this process using 4051, 8 channel de-multiplexors and TL084 op-amps. The TL084 has been chosen in order to provide a very high input impedance for the sample and hold circuit.
Output timing The signals AD0-AD3 and CS are used to address the demultiplexor circuits. The signals continue to operate independent of whether the DMX512 input exists. The cycle time will vary depending on the refresh rate of the received DMX512. AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 CS0 Channel 3 DMX512 Input Good Data Power Supply Crystal The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176.
EMC Application There are two major considerations in reducing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the AL4007. The device tends to generate noise at the third harmonic of the crystal (48MHz). Adding the crystal capacitors detailed above reduces this to acceptable limits. Broad band noise can be reduced by good decoupling. A range of 22uF aluminium capacitors and 0u1 ceramic capacitors should be used on the circuit board.
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T H E Overview A L 4 0 0 8 RELAY PROCESSOR The AL4008 is designed to receive the DMX512 protocol and provide the control signals necessary to drive 24 relays or other switched devices. The AL4008 is suitable for the development of DMX512 Switch Packs. The AL4008 is supplied as a 40 pin DIL device. Key features: • • • • • DMX512 input Good data received indicator Multiplexed relay drive Individual channel test DMX base address is set by external thumbwheel inputs Support@ArtisticLicence.
Pin Functions Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC 5V CS Address 0 CS Address 1 CS Address 2 NC NC NC NC TRIG - Scope Trigger GND BCD Unit 1 BCD Unit 2 BCD Unit 4 BCD Unit 8 (msb) BCD Ten 1 BCD Ten 2 BCD Ten 4 BCD Ten 8 (msb) Osc1 (16mhz crystal) Osc2 (16mhz crystal) NC DMX512 TTL Receive NC Good Rx (Open Collecter, Lo=Good) NC NC Test (Connect to GND) BCD Hundred 4 BCD Hundred 2 BCD Hundred 1 GND MCLR (Connect to V
Circuit Operation DMX512 Base Address Test Mode DMX512 Input Good Data Power Supply Crystal The AL4008 provides chip selects and a data bus which is used to address a single switched output from the 24 available. The output devices used are 74HCT374 octal latches. Please not the 470R pull down network attached to the data bus. This device ensures that the relays do not momentarily energise during the power on sequence. The BCD inputs are used to set the DMX base address.
connection and Ground. The inherent pcb and lead capacitance must be included in this. EMC Application There are two major considerations in reducing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the AL4008. The device tends to generate noise at the third harmonic of the crystal (48MHz). Adding the crystal capacitors detailed above reduces this to acceptable limits. Broad band noise can be reduced by good decoupling.
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THE AL4016 Overview SINGLE PHASE DIMMER The AL4016 is designed to receive the DMX512 protocol and provide 16 phase position modulated outputs in order to switch thyristor or triac loads.
Pin Functions Phase Outputs Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC 5V Phase Output 1 Phase Output 2 Phase Output 3 Phase Output 4 Phase Output 5 Phase Output 6 Phase Output 7 Phase Output 8 GND BCD Unit 1 BCD Unit 2 BCD Unit 4 BCD Unit 8 (msb) BCD Ten 1 BCD Ten 2 BCD Ten 4 BCD Ten 8 (msb) Osc1 (16MHz crystal) Osc2 (16MHz crystal) Preheat (On=Hi) DMX512 TTL Receive Select 1 Good Rx (Open Collector, Lo=Good) Select 0 Z
The Zero Cross input provides synchronisation to the mains frequency. An active low pulse at the mains zero cross point (i.e. twice the mains frequency) is required. The pulse width should be in the order of 100uS. It is imperative that this input be a 'clean', fast rise time pulse. Any jitter at the Zero Cross input will produce flickering on the outputs. The application circuit shows a suitable circuit for use with a low voltage AC output from a transformer.
Output timing The following examples show the relationship between Output, Zero cross for three input values. Zero Cross 10% Output 50% Output 90% Output DMX512 Base Address Test Mode DMX512 Input Good Data The BCD inputs are used to set the DMX base address. The inputs are set up for connection of three standard Binary Coded Decimal Thumbwheel switches. The BCD inputs are active low, i.e. to select a base address of 001, connect UNIT1 to ground and pull up all other BCD inputs.
Power Supply Crystal EMC Application The AL4016 requires a 5V DC supply at approximately 6mA All Ground and Vcc pins must be connected. The device is CMOS so normal handling precautions should be adhered to. Good decoupling and pcb layout conventions (i.e. fill all unused pcb areas with grounded copper planes) should be followed. Particular attention should be paid to routing the Zero Cross and Crystal connections. The AL4016 requires a 16MHz, fundamental mode crystal.
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THE AL4020 Overview MULTIPLEX - MERGE PROCESSOR The AL4020 is designed to receive both a DMX512 input and up to 72 analogue inputs. The two input types are htp merged to form a DMX512 output. The start channel of the analogue data on the DMX512 output can be selected with the BCD switch inputs. Setting the BCD inputs to "000" disable the DMX512 input and allows the device to operate as a simple analogue to DMX512 converter without any user controls.
Pin Functions Circuit Operation Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC +5V ANIN (analogue multiplex input) Not Used (connect to GND) Not Used (connect to GND) Not Used (connect to GND) Not Used (connect to GND) Not Used (connect to GND) BCD Hundred 1 BCD Hundred 2 BCD Hundred 4 VCC 5V GND Osc1 (16MHz crystal) Osc2 (16MHz crystal) Good Rx (Open Collector, Lo=Good) NC Scope Trigger NC A0 A1 A2 CS Address 0 NC NC DMX512
The application drawings which follow show this process using 4051 8 channel multiplexers. It should be noted that the analogue multiplex bus and the 4051's are all run at a 5V supply in order to avoid converting the address and chip select signals to CMOS voltages. This necessitates the potential divider at the input for each channel, such that the 10V input can be reduced in level. Components D1, D2 and R3 provide protection against over voltage or reverse polarity inputs.
Output timing The signals A0-A3 and CSxx are used to address the multiplexor circuits. The cycle time will vary depending on the refresh rate of the received DMX512. A0 A1 A2 A3 CS0 Channel 3 - Analogue Input Device Operation Analogue to DMX512 Conversion Analogue and DMX512 Merge Power Supply The AL4020 operates in two distinct modes: • Analogue to DMX512 Conversion. • Analogue and DMX512 Merge. The address wheels are set to 000 in order to enable Analogue to DMX512 conversion.
Crystal EMC Application The AL4020 requires a 16MHz, fundamental mode crystal. A tuning capacitance of approximately 12pF is suggested between each crystal connection and Ground. The inherent pcb and lead capacitance must be included in this. There are two major considerations in reducing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the AL4020. The device tends to generate noise at the third harmonic of the crystal (48MHz). Adding the crystal capacitors detailed above reduces this to acceptable limits.
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THE Overview AL4100 SERVO-CONTROL PROCESSOR The AL4100 is designed to receive the DMX512 protocol and control two DC Motor servo circuits. Applications include: • • • • • Colour Changers Pan & Tilt Yokes Automated Luminaries Moving Faders Special Effects Support@ArtisticLicence.
Pin Functions Circuit Operation Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC (5V) SERVO A (Shaft posn channel A) SERVO B (Shaft posn channel B) TRIM A (Max posn set - channel A) TRIM B (Max posn set - channel B) Not Used (connect to ground) MAX SPEED (Max speed set - A & B) FERR (Following error set - A & B) STALL SPEED (Stall speed set - A & B) TRAP (Trapezium point set - A & B) VCC (5V) GND Osc1 (16MHz crystal) Osc2 (16M
addresses. Each motor is position controlled using a programmable trapezoid speed profile. Motor speed is controlled with a pulse width modulated output, whilst two binary outputs control direction, declutching and motor breaking. Motor position is sensed by an analogue potentiometer input. The AL4100 provides inputs for control of the maximum allowed position, maximum desired speed, motor stall speed, required positional accuracy and acceleration.
TRIM SERVO The TRIM input sets the maximum allowed position of the motor. The AL4100 will scale the incoming DMX data to fit the range set by TRIM as shown by the following table: TRIM Voltage DMX Level 0 127 255 Position as percentage of TRIM 0% 50% 100% 5V 5V 5V 4V 4V 4V SERVO Voltage 0V 2.5V 5.0V 0 127 255 0% 50% 100% 0V 2.0V 4.0V The TRIM input is most important in applications such as colour changers where it is used to calibrate the number of gels fitted.
STALL The STALL input sets the minimum speed below which the motor will stall. This value is significant in ensuring that the motor reaches its required position. If the STALL speed is set too high, the motor will overshoot and then hunt back to the correct position. If set too low, the motor will stall out before the required position is reached. The voltage at this input will normally be set by a divider chain. It is not intended as a user control.
MODE DMX512 Input Good Data DMX512 Base Address When connected to VCC, the motors will rotate continuously as follows: SERVO MODE Lo Lo DMX Address 1 2 Hi Hi 1 2 Hi Hi 3 4 MOTOR A MOTOR B Position Request N/A N/A Position Request Speed 0-127 = Off 128-191 = CW 192-255 = CCW N/A N/A N/A NA Speed 0-127 = Off 128-191 = CW 192-255 = CCW The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176.
Test Mode Power Supply Crystal The BCD inputs are also used to enter test mode. When Test mode is active, the DMX512 input is disabled. When the Hundred inputs are set to either ‘6’ or ‘7’ Test mode is active. The Hundred input sets the motor channel, while the Ten and Units inputs select the position.
EMC Application There are two major considerations in reducing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the AL4100. The device tends to generate noise at the third harmonic of the crystal (48MHz). Adding the crystal capacitors detailed above reduces this to acceptable limits. Broad band noise can be reduced by good decoupling. A range of 22uF aluminium capacitors and 0u1 ceramic capacitors should be used on the circuit board.
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T H E A L 4 4 0 0 Overview P W M P R O C E S S O R The AL4400 provides all the control features required for a high specification pulse width modulated dimmer. The AL4400 is suitable for a wide range of low voltage dimming applications. The device is optimised for control of RGB or CMY colour mixing devices such as LED (Light Emitting Diode), LEP (Light Emitting Polymer) or dichroic filtered lamps. The AL4400 forms the core of the Artistic Licence Power-Pipe.
Pin Functions Pin 1 2 3 4 Name VCC 5V AUX1 AUX2 TCL 5 TADR 6 7 AUX3 TDA 8 SCL 9 SDA 10 TXENAB 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 VCC 5V GND CLKIN CLKOUT RED GREEN BLUE AMBER MODE1 MODE2 MODE4 MODE8 POW RXENAB 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 DMXTX DMXRX HUN1 HUN2 HUN4 HUN8 GND VCC 5V TEN1 TEN2 TEN4 TEN8 UNIT1 UNIT2 UNIT4 UNIT8 Function Power supply Not used – no connection Not used – no connection Reserved for future version supporting the LM74 temperature sensor.
DMX512 Input POW LED Power Supply Crystal EMC Application The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176. The GOOD signal is driven low to show that the system is operating normally. The output is suitable for direct connection (via a current limit resistor) to the cathode of a 20mA LED. The AL4800 requires a 5V DC supply at approximately 6mA All Ground and Vcc pins must be connected.
1 2 4 3 8 VCC 1 2 3 N1 TNET R1 N2 TNET U1 VCC J1 D 120R GND VCC Rx 4 Tx 5 U2 VCC N3 TNET N4 TNET 3 75176 8 C 1 D 7 DGND 1 2 3 RxEnable 6 DMX512 I/P (XLR5M) J3 2 DGND 2 6 1 C 7 DMX512 O/P (XLR5F) DGND GND 4 3 TxEnable 5 75176 DGND B B A Title: A AL4400 Eval Circuit Drawing No: Rev:1.
1 2 3 4 D DGND 32 +AN 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aux1 Aux2 Tclk Tadr Aux3 Tda C 1 2 4 8 W1 W2 W4 W8 COM COM R5 C5 470pF 1K0 Red 3 C1 C2 MOSFET N CHAN BUK100-50GL SW2 Fit 0-9 Switch 1 2 3 4 5 RP2 Red 1K0 Blue Green Yellow RxEnable Tx Rx 1 2 4 8 W1 W2 W4 W8 COM COM T2 LED3 VCC SW BCD-HEX (UNIT/BLUE) R3 330R 0.
THE AL4800 MOVING Overview LAMP PROCESSOR The AL4800 provides all the control features required for a medium specification moving lamp or moving yoke. The basic configuration provides micro-stepping (high resolution) outputs for pan and tilt. Pin inputs allow 2 settings for pan motor type and 4 settings for tilt motor type. The colour wheel and gobo wheel motors are also high resolution micro-stepping motors and assumed to be continuously rotating with inputs for a home sensor.
Pin Functions Circuit Operation Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Function VCC 5V Pan Select 1 Pan Select 2 Tilt Select 1 Tilt Select 2 Good DMX DMX Direction BCD Hun 1 BCD Hun 2 BCD Hun 4 VCC 5V GND Clk In Clk Out DAC Wr DAC A0 DAC A1 DAC LDAC D0 D1 D2 D3 O/P1 Clk O/P2 Clk DMX Transmit DMX Receive D4 D5 D6 D7 GND VCC 5V Audio Trigger Colour Index Gobo Index Mode Pan Invert Tilt Invert Pan / Tilt Swap IP Clk In/Out I I I I
The AL4800 is designed to use 1.8º per step motors. The reference motor is a 12V stepper motor: Japan Servo Co Ltd KH42HM2B013.
DMX Channel 3 Name Level Mode 1 Mode 2 Colour 0-12 Colour 1 (Open White) Colour 1 (Open White) Forward spin fastest Forward spin fast Forward spin slow Forward spin slowest Reverse spin slowest Reverse spin slow 13-24 25-37 Colour 2 38-49 50-62 Colour 3 63-74 75-89 Colour 4 Reverse spin fast 80-99 100-112 113-119 Reverse spin faster Colour 1 120-124 Colour 1 – 2 125-129 Colour 5 Colour 6 Colour 2 130-137 Colour 2 – 3 138-143 Colour 3 144-149 Colour 3 – 4 150-156 Colour 7 Colo
DMX 4 Name Gobo Level 0-12 Mode 1 Gobo 1 (Open) 13-24 25-37 Gobo 2 38-49 50-62 Gobo 3 63-74 75-89 Gobo 4 80-99 100-112 Reverse spin fast 113-119 120-124 Gobo 1 – 2 Gobo 5 Gobo 6 Gobo 2 – 3 138-143 Gobo 3 144-149 Gobo 3 – 4 Gobo 7 Gobo 4 - 5 164-169 Gobo 5 170-174 Gobo 5 – 6 Gobo 8 Gobo 6 181-187 Gobo 6 – 7 188-194 Gobo 7 195-199 Gobo 7 – 8 200-206 Gobo 9 Gobo 8 207-212 Gobo 8 – 9 213-219 Gobo 9 220-224 Gobo 9 – 10 225-230 Gobo 10 231-249 250-255 Dimmer Gobo 4 1
Redirect Control A further three input pins alter the operation of the Pan and Tilt motors: Pin State Function Pan Invert Off (+5V) Pan operates normally. On (GND) Pan movement relative to DMX channel level is inverted Tilt operates normally. Tilt Invert Off (+5V) Pan / Tilt Swap Off (+5V) On (GND) On (GND) Pan Axis Tilt Axis Tilt movement relative to DMX channel level is inverted Pan and Tilt operate as described above. Pan and Tilt motors are swapped.
DAC Selection Colour & Gobo The pan and tilt channels use a DAC to provide high resolution microstepping. The pin LDAC is driven to ground potential by the AL4800 allowing a number of compatible parts to be used. The AD7305 is the design reference part. The Maxim MAX506 can also be used. The colour and gobo channels use a sensor pin to provide a position reference to calibrate the wheel. The Colour (Gobo) Index pin should be pulsed low to indicate the reference position.
• DMX512 Base Address DMX512 Input Good Data Power Supply Crystal EMC DMX Data accepted. The BCD inputs are used to set the DMX base address. The inputs are set up for connection of three standard Binary Coded Decimal Thumbwheel switches. The BCD inputs are active low, i.e. to select a base address of 001, connect UNIT1 to ground and pull up all other BCD inputs. Valid addresses range from 001 to 512.
Application The following circuit shows the AL4800 application drawing. This is also the circuit diagram for the evaluation PCB. Support@ArtisticLicence.
2 3 VCC RP1 10K SIL DGND VSS VSS MCLR OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT GND 10 VCC DGND VCC U2 7805 3 DMX TX DMX RX DMX Dir 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 5 6 9 12 15 16 19 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 5Q 6Q 7Q 8Q Dowser A Dowser B Dowser C Dowser D Pan A Pan B Tilt A Tilt B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 OP2 Clk 13 14 XTAL1 16MHz Crystal C7 12 9 14 7 16 5 18 3 1Y1 2Y1 1Y2 2Y2 1Y3 2Y3 1Y4 2Y4 DGND 1A1 2A1 1A2 2A2 1A3 2A3 1A4 2A4 VCC LED1 DE1 22UF DE4 22UF N1 TNET 330R DGND 7 N2 TNET DGND 8 11 6 13 4 15 2 17 DMX Unit 1 DM
2 +AN-PWM RC1 RC2 SEN2 COMP2 GND GND C8 100pF NPO SEN1 COMP1 C DGND 23 22 Pan Sense1 3 4 Pan Sense2 R8 1K 1% L6219DS 18 19 6 7 R14 DGND 300K 1% 11 10 8 9 R9 R2 20R 1% R10 20R 1% R3 R7 1K 20R 1% R11 20R 1% R4 20R 1% R12 20R 1% R5 20R 1% 20R 1% C4 C2 14 12 R21 C11 100pF NPO REF1 PH1 I0 1 I1 1 OUT 1A OUT 1B OUT 2A OUT 2B REF2 PH2 I0 2 I1 2 SEN1 COMP1 RC1 RC2 SEN2 COMP2 1 21 2 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tilt Mot 1A Tilt Mot 1B Tilt Mot 2A Tilt Mot 2B 23 22 Tilt Sense1 3 4 Tilt
Bill Of Materials The following components are required for the evaluation PCB. Please note that some component values may require modification subject to the intended application.
Designator R1 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R2 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 RP1 RP2 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 U1 U10 U11 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 XTAL1 Part Type 120R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 300K 1% 300K 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 1K 1% 20R 1% 1K 1% 300K 1% 300K 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 330R 20R 1% 20R 1% 20R 1% 330R 1% 1K 1% 1K 1% 20R 1% 10K SIL 10K SIL BCD-DEC BCD-DEC BCD-DEC DIP8 75176 ULN2803A ULN2803A 7805 L6219DS AL4800 L6219DS 74LS244 AD7305 74LS374 74LS374 16MHz Cry
THE AL2001/AL3001 DIGITAL Overview DIMMER The AL2001/AL3001 combination provide all the core functionality required to produce a sophisticated three phase digital dimming system.
AL3001 Pin Functions The AL3001 is supplied as a 40 pin plastic DIL package. All signal levels are TTL.
AL2001 Pin Functions The AL2001 is supplied as a 84 pin PLCC package. All signal levels are TTL.
Pin 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Function GND AVCC (analogue +5V supply) AN3 (connect to GND) AN-BLU (analogue multiplex i/p) AN-YEL (analogue multiplex i/p) AN-RED (analogue multiplex i/p) AN-TEMP (temperature sensor i/p) AN5 (connect to GND AN6 (connect to GND AN7 (connect to GND AVSS (analogue GND) PHSEL1 (master zero cross select) TRACKO (PLL connect to TRACKI) PHSEL0 (master zero cross select) TRACKI
System Operation User Interface The AL2001 and AL3001 communicate via a bi-directional eleven bit parallel bus. The AL2001 contains all phase control timing circuits including the phase locked loops used to synchronise to mains frequency. The AL2001 is also responsible for reading the analogue control voltage inputs and the temperature sensor. The AL3001 is the user interface processor, controlling the display, keyboard, DMX512 input and non-volatile data storage.
DMX512 Input Analogue Input Zero Cross The DMX512 input connects directly to the output of a standard RS485 or RS422 receiver such as the 75176. The base address of the received block of twelve channels is set via the keypad and stored in eeprom. The DMX512 data is merged with the analogue inputs on a highest takes precedence basis. The Good Rx indicator is an open collector output, suitable for connection to a 20 mA LED. The output sinks current when DMX512 errors are detected.
Errors The AL3001 shows error conditions on the LCD screen and the GOOD Led. The following conditions are displayed: "GOOD DMX" "DMX ERRORS" "NO DMX" "HI TEMP" "TEMP > 70" Power Supply Output timing LED off LED on LED off LED on LED on FAN on FAN on Outputs disabled The AL2001/AL3001 requires a 5V power supply at a current of approximately 40mA. Good power supply decoupling is essential, and normal pcb layout conventions should be followed (i.e. ground plane any and all empty areas of pcb).
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