Instruction manual
Glossary Page Gloss-1
Glossary
Glossary
Almanac
A comprehensive database of all pertinent 
information for all satellites- orbit, position, 
health, etc. 
Ambiguity fixing
A process to determine carrier phase cycle 
ambiguities to integers.
Altitude hold
A means of reducing the number of satellites to 
3 for a position computation. If altitude is not 
held (fixed), 4 satellites are required. Altitude 
hold is seldom required now that a full 
constellation of satellites is available. 
Autonomous
A GPS position determined by a single sensor 
without reference to a precise known location. 
The autonomous solution contains errors 
arising from ionosphere, SA, troposphere, and 
multipath. Accuracy is in the range of tens of 
meters. 
Carrier Phase Cycle Ambiguities
The constant offset contained in the carrier 
phase measurements. This constant offset is of 
integer nature.
CB EN
Ashtech proprietary message format containing 
position, velocity, solution status, position 
RMS and covariance, number of satellites, 
PDOP. ASCII or binary. Binary format is 
packed and is not compatible with IEEE format. 
Clock offset
The difference in time between GPS time and a 
satellite clock or a sensor clock (less accurate).
Code Phase
See Pseudo-range
CPD
Ashtech’s proprietary carrier phase differential 
method for GPS positioning. Pseudo-range and 
carrier phase measurements in DBEN message 
format are transmitted from base to rover via a 
data link (usually a radio), allowing the rover to 
compute an extremely accurate differentially 
corrected position, in centimeter ot subcentimeter 
level. 
DBEN
An Ashtech proprietary binary message format 
which contains a message header, receiver time, 
receiver site ID, pseudo-range and carrier phase 
measurements, checksum, and message tail. This 
message is for CPD operation.
D-file
GPS time-stamped descriptor text file.
Double Difference
The code phase (pseudo-range) measurement or 
carrier phase measurements can be differenced 
between two sites and differenced between two 
satellites. This is called double difference. Double 
difference removes/reduces most of the common 
errors between the measurements. It is a way of 
differential processing. Difference between two 
sites removes/reduces Ionospheric delay 
Tropospheric delay Satellite clock error, 
including S/A effects
Difference between two satellites received from 
the same receiver removes/reduces the receiver 
clock error
Ephemeris
A subset of the almanac containing inform ation 










