770DE3L User Manual Version 1.0 Published May 2010 Copyright©2010 ASRock INC. All rights reserved.
Copyright Notice: No part of this manual may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, or translated in any language, in any form or by any means, except duplication of documentation by the purchaser for backup purpose, without written consent of ASRock Inc. Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trademarks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe.
Contents 1 . Introduction ........................................................... 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Package Contents ..................................................................... Specifications ............................................................................ Motherboard Layout ................................................................... I/O Panel .................................................................................... 5 6 10 11 2 . Installation .................
3 . BIOS SSETUP ETUP UTILITY ................................................... 36 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Introduction ............................................................................... 3.1.1 BIOS Menu Bar ............................................................... 3.1.2 Navigation Keys ............................................................. Main Screen .............................................................................. OC Tweaker Screen .......................
1. Introduction Thank you for purchasing ASRock 770DE3L motherboard, a reliable motherboard produced under ASRock’s consistently stringent quality control. It delivers excellent performance with robust design conforming to ASRock’s commitment to quality and endurance. In this manual, chapter 1 and 2 contain introduction of the motherboard and step-by-step guide to the hardware installation. Chapter 3 and 4 contain the configuration guide to BIOS setup and information of the Support CD.
1.2 Specifications Platform CPU Chipset Memory Expansion Slot Audio LAN Rear Panel I/O Connector - ATX Form Factor: 12.0-in x 7.5-in, 30.5 cm x 19.1 cm - Solid Capacitor for CPU power - Support for Socket AM3 processors: AMD PhenomTM II X6 / X4 / X3 / X2 (except 920 / 940) / Athlon II X4 / X3 / X2 / Sempron processors - Six-Core CPU Ready - Supports CPU up to 140W - Supports ASRock UCC - Unlock CPU Core - Supports AMD’s Cool ‘n’ QuietTM Technology - FSB 2600 MHz (5.
BIOS Feature Support CD Unique Feature Hardware Monitor OS Certifications - 1 x Floppy connector - 1 x IR header - 1 x HDMI_SPDIF header - 1 x Power LED header - CPU/Chassis/Power FAN connector - 24 pin ATX power connector - 8 pin 12V power connector - CD in header - Front panel audio connector - 3 x USB 2.0 headers (support 6 USB 2.0 ports) - 8Mb AMI BIOS - AMI Legal BIOS - Supports “Plug and Play” - ACPI 1.1 Compliance Wake Up Events - Supports jumperfree - SMBIOS 2.3.
WARNING Please realize that there is a certain risk involved with overclocking, including adjusting the setting in the BIOS, applying Untied Overclocking Technology, or using the thirdparty overclocking tools. Overclocking may affect your system stability, or even cause damage to the components and devices of your system. It should be done at your own risk and expense. We are not responsible for possible damage caused by overclocking. CAUTION! 1. This motherboard supports Untied Overclocking Technology.
8. ASRock Instant Flash is a BIOS flash utility embedded in Flash ROM. This convenient BIOS update tool allows you to update system BIOS without entering operating systems first like MS-DOS or Windows®. With this utility, you can press key during the POST or press key to BIOS setup menu to access ASRock Instant Flash.
1.3 Motherboard Layout 1 3 2 4 6 5 19.1cm (7.5-in) PS2 Mouse PS2 Keyboard 1 PS2_USB_PW1 1 USB 2.0 T: USB4 B: USB5 USB 2.0 T: USB0 B: USB1 140W CPU Phenom II USB_PW1 Top: RJ-45 Center: FRONT Designed in Taipei PWR_FAN1 LAN PHY 36 35 34 33 PCIE1 IDE1 770DE3L 9 10 PCIE2 AUDIO CODEC CMOS BATTERY 1 1 12 13 CD1 HDMI_SPDIF11 PCIE3 EUP_LAN1 EUP_AUDIO1 PCI Express 2.0 HD_AUDIO1 AMD SB710 Chipset 1 PCI1 1 RoHS IR1 31 CHA_FAN1 HT 3.
1.4 I/O Panel 2 1 3 4 5 10 1 *2 3 *4 5 9 7 8 PS/2 Mouse Port (Green) LAN RJ-45 Port (LAN1) Line In (Light Blue) Front Speaker (Lime) Microphone (Pink) 6 7 8 9 10 6 USB 2.0 Ports (USB01) USB 2.0 Ports (USB45) USB 2.0 Ports (USB23) Serial Port: COM1 PS/2 Keyboard Port (Purple) * There are two LED next to the LAN port. Please refer to the table below for the LAN port LED indications.
2. Installation This is an ATX form factor (12.0-in x 7.5-in, 30.5 cm x 19.1 cm) motherboard. Before you install the motherboard, study the configuration of your chassis to ensure that the motherboard fits into it. Pre-installation Precautions Take note of the following precautions before you install motherboard components or change any motherboard settings. Before you install or remove any component, ensure that the power is switched off or the power cord is detached from the power supply.
2.1 CPU Installation Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. o Unlock the socket by lifting the lever up to a 90 angle. Position the CPU directly above the socket such that the CPU corner with the golden triangle matches the socket corner with a small triangle. Carefully insert the CPU into the socket until it fits in place. The CPU fits only in one correct orientation. DO NOT force the CPU into the socket to avoid bending of the pins. Step 4.
2.3 Installation of Memory Modules (DIMM) 770DE3L motherboard provides two 240-pin DDR3 (Double Data Rate 3) DIMM slots, and supports Dual Channel Memory Technology. For dual channel configuration, you always need to install two identical (the same brand, speed, size and chip-type) memory modules in the DDR3 DIMM slots to activate Dual Channel Memory Technology. Otherwise, it will operate at single channel mode. 1. It is not allowed to install a DDR or DDR2 memory module into 2.
2.4 Expansion Slots (PCI and PCI Express Slots) There are 3 PCI slots and 3 PCI Express slots on this motherboard. PCI Slots: PCI slots are used to install expansion cards that have the 32-bit PCI interface. PCIE Slots: PCIE1 (PCIE x1 slot; White) is used for PCI Express x1 lane width graphics cards, such as Gigabit LAN card and SATA2 card. PCIE2 (PCIE x16 slot; Blue) is used for PCI Express x16 lane width graphics cards, or used to install PCI Express graphics cards to support CrossFireXTM function.
2.5 CrossFireX TM and Quad CrossFireX TM Operation Guide This motherboard supports CrossFireXTM and Quad CrossFireXTM feature. CrossFireXTM technology offers the most advantageous means available of combining multiple high performance Graphics Processing Units (GPU) in a single PC. Combining a range of different operating modes with intelligent software design and an innovative interconnect mechanism, CrossFireX TM enables the highest possible level of performance and image quality in any 3D application.
Step 2. Connect two Radeon graphics cards by installing CrossFire Bridge on CrossFire Bridge Interconnects on the top of Radeon graphics cards. (CrossFire Bridge is provided with the graphics card you purchase, not bundled with this motherboard. Please refer to your graphics card vendor for details.) CrossFire Bridge Step 3. Connect the DVI monitor cable to the DVI connector on the Radeon graphics card on PCIE2 slot.
2.5.2 Driver Installation and Setup Step 1. Step 2. Power on your computer and boot into OS. Remove the ATITM driver if you have any VGA driver installed in your system. The Catalyst Uninstaller is an optional download. We recommend using this utility to uninstall any previously installed Catalyst drivers prior to installation. Please check AMD website for ATITM driver updates. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Install the required drivers to your system. For Windows® XP OS: A.
Although you have selected the option “Enable CrossFireTM”, the CrossFireXTM function may not work actually. Your computer will automatically reboot. After restarting your computer, please confirm whether the option “Enable CrossFireTM” in “ATI Catalyst Control Center” is selected or not; if not, please select it again, and then you are able to enjoy the benefit of CrossFireXTM feature. Step 7. You can freely enjoy the benefit of CrossFireXTM or Quad CrossFireXTM feature.
2.6 Surround Display Feature This motherboard supports Surround Display upgrade. With the external add-on ATITM PCI Express VGA cards, you can easily enjoy the benefits of Surround Display feature. For the detailed instruction, please refer to the document at the following path in the Support CD: ..
2.7 Jumpers Setup The illustration shows how jumpers are setup. When the jumper cap is placed on pins, the jumper is “Short”. If no jumper cap is placed on pins, the jumper is “Open”. The illustration shows a 3-pin jumper whose pin1 and pin2 are “Short” when jumper cap is placed on these 2 pins. Jumper Setting PS2_USB_PW1 1_2 2_3 Short pin2, pin3 to enable +5VSB (standby) for PS/2 or +5V +5VSB USB23 wake up events.
EUP LAN / EUP Audio Jumper (EUP_LAN1, 3-pin jumper, see p.10 No. 35) (EUP_AUDIO1, 3-pin jumper, see p.10 No. 31) EUP_LAN1 EUP_AUDIO1 Default (Enable EuP) Note: EUP_LAN and EUP_AUDIO jumper design decreases the power consumption of this motherboard to meet EuP standard. With an ASRock EuP ready motherboard and a power supply that the 5VSB power efficiency is higher than 50% under 100mA current consumption, your system is able to submit EuP standard.
2.8 Onboard Headers and Connectors Onboard headers and connectors are NOT jumpers. Do NOT place jumper caps over these headers and connectors. Placing jumper caps over the headers and connectors will cause permanent damage of the motherboard! • Floppy Connector (33-pin FLOPPY1) (see p.10 No. 28) FLOPPY1 Pin1 the red-striped side to Pin1 Note: Make sure the red-striped side of the cable is plugged into Pin1 side of the connector. Primary IDE connector (Blue) (39-pin IDE1, see p.10 No.
USB 2.0 Headers USB_PWR P-11 P+11 GND DUMMY (9-pin USB10_11) (see p.10 No. 19) 1 GND P+10 P-10 USB_PWR (9-pin USB8_9) (see p.10 No. 22) Besides six default USB 2.0 ports on the I/O panel, there are three USB 2.0 headers on this motherboard. Each USB 2.0 header can support two USB 2.0 ports. USB_PWR P-9 P+9 GND DUMMY 1 GND P+8 P-8 USB_PWR (9-pin USB6_7) (see p.10 No. 23) USB_PWR P-7 P+7 GND DUMMY 1 GND P+6 P-6 USB_PWR Infrared Module Header IRTX +5V DUMMY (5-pin IR1) 1 (see p.10 No.
D. MIC_RET and OUT_RET are for HD audio panel only. You don’t need to connect them for AC’97 audio panel. PLED+ PLEDPWRBTN# GND System Panel Header (9-pin PANEL1) (see p.10 No. 26) 1 This header accommodates several system front panel functions. DUMMY RESET# GND HDLEDHDLED+ Power LED Header Please connect the chassis power LED to this header to indicate system power status. The LED is on when the system is operating. The LED keeps blinking in S1 state.
ATX Power Connector 12 24 1 13 Please connect an ATX power supply to this connector. (24-pin ATXPWR1) (see p.10 No. 7) Though this motherboard provides 24-pin ATX power connector, it can still work if you adopt a traditional 20-pin ATX power supply. To use the 20-pin ATX power supply, please plug your power supply along with Pin 1 and Pin 13. 12 24 1 13 20-Pin ATX Power Supply Installation ATX 12V Power Connector 4 8 1 6 (8-pin ATX12V1) (see p.10 No.
2.9 SA SATTAII Hard Disk Setup Guide Before installing SATAII hard disk to your computer, please carefully read below SATAII hard disk setup guide. Some default setting of SATAII hard disks may not be at SATAII mode, which operate with the best performance. In order to enable SATAII function, please follow the below instruction with different vendors to correctly adjust your SATAII hard disk to SATAII mode in advance; otherwise, your SATAII hard disk may fail to run at SATAII mode.
2.10 Serial A ATTA (SA (SATTA) / Serial A ATTAII (SA (SATTAII) Hard Disks Installation This motherboard adopts AMD SB710 south bridge chipset that supports Serial ATA (SATA) / Serial ATAII (SATAII) hard disks and RAID (RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10 and JBOD) functions. You may install SATA / SATAII hard disks on this motherboard for internal storage devices. This section will guide you to install the SATA / SATAII hard disks. STEP 1: Install the SATA / SATAII hard disks into the drive bays of your chassis.
2.12 SA eature and Operation SATTA / SA SATTAII HDD Hot Plug FFeature Guide This motherboard supports Hot Plug feature for SATA / SATAII HDD in RAID / AHCI mode. Please read below operation guide of SATA / SATAII HDD Hot Plug feature carefully. Before you process the SATA / SATAII HDD Hot Plug, please check below cable accessories from the motherboard gift box pack. A. 7-pin SATA data cable B. SATA power cable with SATA 15-pin power connector interface A. SATA data cable (Red) B.
How to Hot Plug a SATA / SATAII HDD: Points of attention, before you process the Hot Plug: Please do follow below instruction sequence to process the Hot Plug, improper procedure will cause the SATA / SATAII HDD damage and data loss. Step 1 Please connect SATA power cable 1x4-pin end Step 2 Connect SATA data cable to the motherboard’s SATAII connector. (White) to the power supply 1x4-pin cable.
2.13 Driver Installation Guide To install the drivers to your system, please insert the support CD to your optical drive first. Then, the drivers compatible to your system can be auto-detected and listed on the support CD driver page. Please follow the order from up to bottom side to install those required drivers. Therefore, the drivers you install can work properly. 2.
STEP 3: Use “RAID Installation Guide” to set RAID configuration. Before you start to configure RAID function, you need to check the RAID installation guide in the Support CD for proper configuration. Please refer to the BIOS RAID installation guide part of the document in the following path in the Support CD: .. \ RAID Installation Guide STEP 4: Install Windows® XP / XP 64-bit OS on your system. After step 1, 2, 3, you can start to install Windows® XP / XP 64-bit OS on your system.
NOTE1. If you install Windows® 7 / 7 64-bit / VistaTM / VistaTM 64-bit on IDE HDDs and want to manage (create, convert, delete, or rebuild) RAID functions on SATA / SATAII HDDs, you still need to set up “SATA Operation Mode” to [RAID] in BIOS first. Then, please set the RAID configuration by using the Windows RAID installation guide in the following path in the Support CD: .. \ RAID Installation Guide NOTE2.
Using SATA / SATAII HDDs without NCQ and Hot Plug functions (IDE mode) STEP 1: Set up BIOS. A. Enter BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced screen Storage Configuration. B. Set the “SATA Operation Mode” option to [IDE]. STEP 2: Install Windows® XP / XP 64-bit OS on your system. 2.15.2 Installing Windows ® 7 / 7 64-bit / Vista TM / Vista TM 64-bit Without RAID Functions If you want to install Windows® 7 / 7 64-bit / VistaTM / VistaTM 64-bit on your SATA / SATAII HDDs without RAID functions, please follow below steps.
2.16 Untied Overclocking TTechnology echnology This motherboard supports Untied Overclocking Technology, which means during overclocking, FSB enjoys better margin due to fixed PCI / PCIE buses. Before you enable Untied Overclocking function, please enter “Overclock Mode” option of BIOS setup to set the selection from [Auto] to [CPU, PCIE, Async.]. Therefore, CPU FSB is untied during overclocking, but PCI / PCIE buses are in the fixed mode so that FSB can operate under a more stable overclocking environment.
3. BIOS SETUP UTILITY 3.1 Introduction This section explains how to use the BIOS SETUP UTILITY to configure your system. The SPI Memory on the motherboard stores the BIOS SETUP UTILITY. You may run the BIOS SETUP UTILITY when you start up the computer. Please press or during the Power-On-Self-Test (POST) to enter the BIOS SETUP UTILITY, otherwise, POST will continue with its test routines.
3.1.2 Navigation Keys Please check the following table for the function description of each navigation key. Navigation Key(s) / / + / 3.
3.3 OC TTweak weak er Screen weaker In the OC Tweaker screen, you can set up overclocking features.
CPU Active Core Control This allows you to adjust CPU Active Core Control feature. The configuration options depend on the CPU core you adopt. The default value is [All Cores]. Processor Maximum Frequency It will display Processor Maximum Frequency for reference. North Bridge Maximum Frequency It will display North Bridge Maximum Frequency for reference. Processor Maximum Voltage It will display Processor Maximum Voltage for reference. Multiplier/Voltage Change This item is set to [Auto] by default.
HT Bus Width This feature allows you selecting Hyper-Transport bus width. Configuration options: [Auto], [8 Bit] and [16 Bit]. Memory Configuration Memory Clock This item can be set by the code using [Auto]. You can set one of the standard values as listed: [400MHz DDR3_800], [533MHz DDR3_1066], [667MHz DDR3_1333] and [800MHz DDR3_1600]. DRAM Voltage Use this to select DRAM voltage. Configuration options: [Auto], [1.30V] to [2.05V]. The default value is [Auto].
TRCD Use this to adjust TRCD values. Configuration options: [Auto], [5CLK] to [12CLK]. The default value is [Auto]. TRP Use this to adjust TRP values. Configuration options: [Auto], [5CLK] to [12CLK]. The default value is [Auto]. TRAS Use this to adjust TRAS values. Configuration options: [Auto], [15CLK] to [30CLK]. The default value is [Auto]. TRTP Use this to adjust TRTP values. Configuration options: [Auto], [4CLK] to [7CLK]. The default value is [Auto]. TRRD Use this to adjust TRRD values.
MA Timing Use this to adjust values for MA timing. Configuration options: [Auto], [2T], [1T]. The default value is [Auto]. CHA ADDR/CMD Delay Use this to adjust values for CHA ADDR/CMD Delay feature. Configuration options: [Auto], [No Delay], [1/64CLK] to [31/64CLK]. The default value is [Auto]. CHA ADDR/CMD Setup Use this to adjust values for CHA ADDR/CMD Setup feature. Configuration options: [Auto], [1/2CLK] and [1CLK]. The default value is [Auto].
CHA CLK Drive Use this to adjust values for CHA CLK Drive. Configuration options: [Auto], [0.75x], [1.00x], [1.25x] and [1.50x]. The default value is [Auto]. CHA DATA Drive Use this to adjust values for CHA DATA Drive. Configuration options: [Auto], [0.75x], [1.00x], [1.25x] and [1.50x]. The default value is [Auto]. CHA DQS Drive Use this to adjust values for CHA DQS Drive. Configuration options: [Auto], [0.75x], [1.00x], [1.25x] and [1.50x]. The default value is [Auto].
3.4 Advanced Screen In this section, you may set the configurations for the following items: CPU Configuration, Chipset Configuration, ACPI Configuration, Storage Configuration, PCIPnP Configuration, Floppy configuration, SuperIO Configuration, and USB Configuration. Main BIOS SETUP UTILITY Boot OC Tweaker Advanced H/W Monitor Advanced Settings Security Exit Options for CPU WARNING : Setting wrong values in below sections may cause system to malfunction.
3.4.1 CPU Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced Enabling this function may reduce CPU voltage and memory freq., and lead to system stability or compatibility issue with some memory modules or power supplies. Please set this item to [Disabled] if above issue occurs.
3.4.2 Chipset Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced Chipset Settings OnBoard HD Audio Front Panel OnBoard Lan Dr. LAN Link speed : 10Mbps Primary Graphics Adapter Auto/Enable/Disable Onboard HD Audio. [Auto] [Auto] [Enabled] [PCI] +F1 F9 F10 ESC Select Screen Select Item Change Option General Help Load Defaults Save and Exit Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2003, American Megatrends, Inc. OnBoard HD Audio Select [Auto], [Enabled] or [Disabled] for the onBoard HD Audio feature.
3.4.3 ACPI Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced ACPI Settings Suspend To RAM Check Ready Bit Away Mode Support [Auto] [Auto] [Disabled] Restore on AC / Power Loss Ring-In Power On PCI Devices Power On PS / 2 Keyboard Power On RTC Alarm Power On [Power Off] [Disabled] [Disabled] [Disabled] [Disabled] ACPI HPET Table [Disabled] Select auto-detect or disable the STR feature. +F1 F9 F10 ESC Select Screen Select Item Change Option General Help Load Defaults Save and Exit Exit v02.
3.4.4 Storage Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced Configure onboard serial ATA controller. Storage Configuration Onboard SATA Controller SATA Operation Mode IDE1 Master IDE1 Slave SATAII_1 SATAII_2 SATAII_3 SATAII_4 SATAII_5 SATAII_6 [Enabled] [IDE] [Not [Not [Not [Not [Not [Not [Not [Not Detected] Detected] Detected] Detected] Detected] Detected] Detected] Detected] +F1 F9 F10 ESC Select Screen Select Item Change Option General Help Load Defaults Save and Exit Exit v02.
TYPE Use this item to configure the type of the IDE device that you specify. Configuration options: [Not Installed], [Auto], [CD/DVD], and [ARMD]. [Not Installed]: Select [Not Installed] to disable the use of IDE device. [Auto]: Select [Auto] to automatically detect the hard disk drive. After selecting the hard disk information into BIOS, use a disk utility, such as FDISK, to partition and format the new IDE hard disk drives. This is necessary so that you can write or read data from the hard disk.
3.4.5 PCIPnP Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced Value in units of PCI clocks for PCI device latency timer register. Advanced PCI / PnP Settings PCI Latency Timer PCI IDE BusMaster [32] [Enabled] +F1 F9 F10 ESC Select Screen Select Item Change Option General Help Load Defaults Save and Exit Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2003, American Megatrends, Inc. Setting wrong values in this section may cause the system to malfunction. PCI Latency Timer The default value is 32.
3.4.7 Super IO Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced Configure Super IO Chipset OnBoard Floppy Controller Serial Port Address Infrared Port Address Allow BIOS to Enable or Disable Floppy Controller. [Enabled] [3F8 / IRQ4] [Disabled] +F1 F9 F10 ESC Select Screen Select Item Change Option General Help Load Defaults Save and Exit Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2003, American Megatrends, Inc. OnBoard Floppy Controller Use this item to enable or disable floppy drive controller.
3.4.8 USB Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced USB Configuration USB Controller USB 2.0 Support Legacy USB Support [Enabled] [Enabled] [Enabled] USB Keyboard/Remote Power On USB Mouse Power On [Disabled] [Disabled] To enable or disable the onboard USB controllers. +F1 F9 F10 ESC Select Screen Select Item Change Option General Help Load Defaults Save and Exit Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2003, American Megatrends, Inc.
3.5 Hardware Health Event Monitoring Screen In this section, it allows you to monitor the status of the hardware on your system, including the parameters of the CPU temperature, motherboard temperature, CPU fan speed, chassis fan speed, and the critical voltage. Main OC Tweaker BIOS SETUP UTILITY Boot Advanced H/W Monitor Hardware Health Event Monitoring CPU Temperature M / B Temperature : 37 C / 98 F : 27 C / 80 F CPU Fan Speed Chassis Fan1 Speed Power Fan Speed : 4722 RPM : N/A : N/A Vcore + 3.
3.6 Boot Screen In this section, it will display the available devices on your system for you to configure the boot settings and the boot priority. Main OC Tweaker BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced H/W Monitor Boot Boot Settings Exit Configure Settings during System Boot.
Boot Logo Use this option to select logo in POST screen. This option only appears when you enable the option “Full Screen Logo”. Configuration options: [Auto], [EuP], [Scenery] and [ASRock]. The default value is [Auto]. Boot From Onboard LAN Use this item to enable or disable the Boot From Onboard LAN feature. Boot Up Num-Lock If this item is set to [On], it will automatically activate the Numeric Lock function after boot-up. 3.
3.8 Exit Screen Main OC Tweaker BIOS SETUP UTILITY Advanced H/W Monitor Boot Exit Options Exit system setup after saving the changes. Save Changes and Exit Discard Changes and Exit Discard Changes Load Load Load Load Load Security Exit F10 key can be used for this operation.
4. Software Support 4.1 Install Operating System This motherboard supports various Microsoft® Windows® operating systems: 7 / 7 64-bit / VistaTM / VistaTM 64-bit / XP / XP 64-bit. Because motherboard settings and hardware options vary, use the setup procedures in this chapter for general reference only. Refer to your OS documentation for more information. 4.
