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474 Chapter 7: Creating Copies and Arrays
and have all the other characters ta ke on the same
feature. You could give the original character a
very pointed head, then apply a separate Taper to
some referenced characters to reduce the point
toward normal.
For swimming fish, you might choose to make al l
members of the school as referenced objects based
on a single, original fish. You could still control
the swimming motion from the original fish, and
also add modifiers to individual fish in the scho ol
to vary their behavior.
Cl on ing O b jec ts
3ds Max provides several techniques for copying
or duplicating objects; cloning is the general term
for this process. These techniques can be used to
clone any selection set.
•Clone
•
Shi f t +Clone
• Snapshot
•Array
•Mirror
•SpacingTool
•CloneandAlignTool
Sha red Features
While each technique has distinct uses and
advantages in cloning objects, in most cases the
cloning techniques share some similar it ies in how
they work:
• You can apply a transform when you clone.
New objects are moved, rotated, or scaled as
they are created.
•Thetransformisrelativetothecurrent
coordinate system, axis constraint, and
transform center.
• When cloning creates new objects, you have
the choice of m aking them copies, inst ances,
or references.
Eachofthefollowingitemsisdiscussedlaterin
this chapter.
Clone
Using the Clone command on the Edit menu is
the e asiest metho d for copying an object in place;
no transformation is involved. See Clone (page
1–476).
Shift +Clone
Shift +Clone clones an object when you transform it.
You can clone an object as you transform it
interactively in the viewport. The process is
referred to as S
HIFT +Clone (page 1–478):the
technique of holding down the
Shif t key while
transforming a selected object with the mouse.
Quick and versatile, this technique is probably
theoneyou’llusemostoftentoduplicateobjects.
Snap settings g ive you precise results.
Ho w you set the center and axes for the transforms
determines the arrangement of the cloned objects.
Depending on the settings, you can create both
linear and radial arrays.