7.0
Table Of Contents
- Site Settings
- Index Site Settings
- Avid Liquid Reference Manual
- Contents
- Introduction
- Documentation
- Basics
- Signup
- High Definition
- Input
- Logging and Digitizing (Capture)
- EZ Capture
- Starting EZ Capture
- Basics
- The Logging Tool and Its Functions
- Video Inlay, Timecode Fields and Status Field
- Player Source (D)
- Reels and Racks (E, F)
- Controls (Player and Edit Buttons, G)
- A/V Inputs (Selecting Source Tracks, H)
- Stereo or Mono (I)
- 4:3 or 16:9 (I)
- Selecting a Media Format/Codec Preset (J)
- Destination Volumes for Digitizing / Capture Volumes (K)
- Select Audio Monitor /Mute
- Video Tool / Calibration Control /IPB Settings
- Clip Tab: Naming and Numbering Clips
- Color Correction Tab
- Audio Tab
- Master Tab
- Media Tab
- Send Clips To Timeline (Direct Insert)
- Properties
- Methods
- File Ingest
- Background Live Capture
- Importing Objects
- Copying/Pasting Objects from Other Projects
- Media Management and Object Import
- Creating Objects
- Voice-Over
- Importing EDL/AVID MediaLog Files
- Exchange
- Administration
- The Project
- The Object
- Media Management
- Edit
- Video Editing
- Audio in the Timeline
- Special Functions
- Finish
- Effects in Avid Liquid: The Basics
- Detailed Description of Classic Effect Editors
- Realtime FX
- AFX PlugIns
- Special FX
- Timewarps and Color Correction
- Color Correction Editor
- Linear Timewarp
- Timewarp Editor
- Audio
- Audio Postproduction and Audio Effects
- Basics
- ASIO Driver and DirectSound
- 32-bit Floating Point Audio
- Special Characteristics of Audio Clips
- Inserting Audio Clips on the Timeline
- Assigning Tracks
- Stereo and Mono, Panorama and Balance
- Muting Timeline Tracks (Audio Playback)
- Audio Scrubbing - Digital or Analog
- Working with more than 16 Audio Source Tracks (Real- Time Playback)
- Audio Tool
- Audio Editor
- Special Functions
- SmartSound: Background Music Made to Measure
- Audio Effects
- Avid Liquid Plugin Audio Effects (VST)
- Basics
- Audio Postproduction and Audio Effects
- Titler
- DVD Authoring
- Export
- Customize Avid Liquid
- Glossary
- Index
997
Burn to Disc (VCD, SVCD, DVD)
GOP
GOP (Group of Pictures) relates to the sequence of I, P and B frames used for MPEG compression. I
frames (intra-codec picture) store the contents of an image at their full resolution; P and B frames each
store changes in the image that occur between I frame and I frame. P stands for forward Predictive pic-
tures and B stands for Bi-directional pictures. GOPs are very basic elements of an MPEG stream. A GOP
can have the following appearance:
I-B-B-P-B-B-P-B-B-P-B-B-P-B-B-I
I-frame only
In the case of the Elementary Stream and Program Stream Destination formats: Click this option to
export a stream consisting entirely of I-frames. Afterwards, the N and M value can no longer be changed.
GOP Size
The GOP size (aka N value) is measured from I frame to I frame. The shorter the GOP, the more I frames
with relation to the overall MPEG sequence; the longer the GOP, the fewer the I frames in an MPEG
stream. Short GOPs require a higher bit rate because more I frames also means more data.
Keep this in mind if you want to modify the GOP.
GOP sizes:
Software Encoding (export):
- NTSC 16 (4..16); closed GOP
- PAL 13 (4..13); closed GOP
(A closed GOP ends on a P frame; an open on a B frame.)
- NTSC 18 (4..18); open GOP
- PAL 15 (3..15) open GOP
Recommended for DVD: open GOP (standard), PAL 12, NTSC 15.
IPB-Capture (Logging Tool):
NTSC 15 (4..16); closed GOP; recommended for DVD: 15
PAL 12 (3..15); closed GOP; recommended for DVD: 12