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All technical data and specifications in this publication are subject to change without prior notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of Giga-tronics, Incorporated. © 2004 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. WARRANTY Giga-tronics 2400 Series instruments are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for one year from date of shipment. Giga-tronics will at its option repair or replace products that are proven defective during the warranty period.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
About The Publication Preface This publication describes an overview, specification, the local (front panel) operation, remote operation, and performance verification of Giga-tronics 2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer. The 2400 Series includes a 2400A family of models (2400AL and 2400AM), 2400L family, and a 2400M family. The following Preface contains chapter descriptions, a record of changes made to the publication since its production, and a description of the Special configurations.
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Conventions The following safety conventions are used in this publication. Additional conventions not included here will be defined at the time of usage. Warning WARNING The WARNING statement is encased in gray and centered in the page. This calls attention to a situation, or an operating or maintenance procedure, or practice, which if not strictly corrected or observed, could result in injury or death of personnel. An example is the proximity of high voltage.
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Configuration Data Giga-tronics: Serial, Code, Models, Option or Configuration Label Examine the serial, code, model number, option or configuration label affixed to the rear panel of the 2400 Microwave Synthesizer. Serial Number Each instrument has a seven-digit serial number, shown on the label of the rear panel. Code Number Each instrument has a two-digit code, referred to as the Manufacturing Configuration Code.
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Record of Publication Changes This table is provided for your convenience to maintain a permanent record of publication change data. Replacement pages will be issued as a TPCI (Technical Publication Change Instructions), and will be inserted at the front of the binder. Remove the corresponding old pages, insert the new pages, and record the changes here.
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Table of Contents PREFACE About The Publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Configuration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Record of Publication Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.3 Step Up/Step Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.3.4 Rotary Knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.3.5 CW Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.3.5.1 Setting Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.3.5.2 Setting Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface 3.5.1 Status Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.5.2 Status Byte Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.5.3 Standard Event Status Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3.5.4 Questionable Status Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 CHAPTER 4: SPECIFICATION & PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION 4.
4.2.4.3 Pulse Fidelity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4.3 Supplemental Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 4.3.1 General Specifications for CW and Signal Generators . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 4.3.1.1 Hardware Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 4.3.1.2 Software Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface A.2.6 Option 43: Frequency and Power Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 A.2.7 Option 45: Rack Mount Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 A.2.8 Option 46: Rack Mount Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 A.2.9 Option 48: Automation Xpress Interface and AX Software. . . . . . A-3 Remote Error Messaging B.1 2400 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Preface Illustrations Illustration 1.1 | Illustration 1.2 | Illustration 1.3 | Illustration 2.3 | Illustration 2.4 | Illustration 2.5 | Illustration 2.6 | Illustration 2.7 | Illustration 2.8 | Illustration 2.9 | Illustration 2.10 | Illustration 2.11 | Illustration 2.12 | Illustration 2.13 | Illustration 2.14 | Illustration 2.15 | Illustration 2.16 | Illustration 4.1 | Illustration 4.2 | Illustration 4.3 | Illustration 4.4 | Fuse Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Preface Tables Table 1-1: 2400 Series Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Table 1-2: 2400 Series Rear Panel I/O Connector Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Table 3-1: GPIB Connector Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Table 3-2: RS-232 Connector Pin Assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 1.1 Introduction Overview The 2400L and 2400AL Series are CW only Microwave Synthesizers with List Sweep capability. The 2400M and 2400AM Series Microwave Synthesizers include the functionality of the 2400L and 2400A Series and include AM, FM, and Pulse capability. The 2400 Series can generate output signals over a frequency range of 10 MHz to 40 GHz; the frequency range is dependent on the specific model number. The 2400A Series, includes the 2400AL and 2400AM models.
Chapter 1: Table 1-1: 2400 Series Features Low SSB Phase Noise -92 dBc/Hz, 10 kHz offset @ 10 GHz Excellent Output Power >+15 dBm to 20 GHz, > +9 dBm to 40 GHz Fast Frequency Switching <500 µSec. typical, List Mode Settable Level Range: +25 dBm to -110 dBm WaveMaker Software Included USB/RS-232 Adapter: Included All 2400 Series Microwave Synthesizers comply with MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 1.1.1 2400 Options • Option 22- Rear RF Output, available for 2400L and 2400M models only.
General Information 1.1.3 Items Required No special tools are required to operate the 2400 Series. Models 24XXAL/AM Series require remote operation via a computer. Test equipment required for performance verification is described in Chapter 4. • IEEE 488 Interface Cable (needed for Remote Control Operation) • RF Output Cabling (Made to fit Female Type SMA Output Connector) (Order Accessory Cable Kit Accessory A001).
Chapter 1: 1.2.4 Reshipment Preparation If it is necessary to return the instrument to the factory, protect the instrument during reshipment by using the best packaging materials available. If possible, reuse the original shipping container. If the original shipping container is not available, use a strong carton (350lbs./ sq.in. bursting strength) or a wooden box. Wrap the instrument in heavy paper or plastic before placing it into the shipping container.
General Information CAUTION WARNING DO NOT position the equipment so that it is difficult to operate the disconnecting device (to remove the AC line cord). 1.2.6 Line Fuse All 2400 Series models have a line fuse container on the rear panel. 1.2.6.1 Fuse Installation All 2400 Series models have a power line fuse that is 2A, Slo-Blo, 250V, Type T (Illustration 1.1 below for location). 110 120 COVER FUSE AND FUSE HOLDER AC POWER INPUT Illustration 1.1 | Fuse Holder 1.2.6.
Chapter 1: 1.3 Inputs/Outputs Input/Output connectors for the 24XXL/M models are shown in Illustration 1.2. Table 1-2 contains the front and rear panel I/O connector functional descriptions for all models. 1.3.1 Front Panel I/O Connectors 1.3.1.1 RF Out This is the instrument’s RF output is located on the front panel for the 2400L and 2400M Series Synthesizer models. The RF output is located on the rear panel for the 2400AL and 2400AM Series Synthesizer models. Illustration 1.
Inputs/Outputs Illustration 1.3 | 2400 Series Rear Panel 1.3.2.1 I/O Connectors (Rear Panel) This section defines the rear panel interface I/O connectors and the functions located on the rear of the 2400 Series for all models. For all 2400L/AL models, the modulation I/O BNC connectors located on the rear panel of the instrument are eliminated (plugged). Please refer to Table 1-2 for I/O connector descriptions.
Chapter 1: Table 1-2: 2400 Series Rear Panel I/O Connector Descriptions I/O Connector Name RAMP OUT AM IN 2400 Series Availability L, M,(Option 43) 0 to 10 volt ramp output scaled to frequency sweep. M, AM External AM input 600 Ω. Any waveform compatible with bandwidth considerations. 1 Vp-p for 50% depth. M, AM External FM 50 Ω input. Any waveform compatible with bandwidth considerations. 1 Vp input for maximum deviation. M, AM +5.0 volt, 50 Ω input. M, AM +5.0 volt, 50Ω input.
2 2.1 2400 Operation Introduction This chapter describes how to operate the 2400 Series from the front panel. For reference, Chapter 1 pertains to instructions on how to install the instrument and details instrumental interfacing prior to the unit’s first operation. Chapter 3 gives operational instructions on using the instrument from a remote host computer over the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) or an RS-232 serial connection 2.
2-2 1 2 3 5 7 8 Microwave Synthesizers Bottom Sectional Differential See A for 2400L Series See B for 2400M Series 6 12 A 13 B Front Panel Layout of 2400 Series Microwave Synthesizers 4 9 11 10 Chapter 2: 2400 Operation Illustration 2.
Front Panel 2.2.1 1 Front Panel Description Power Main power switch for the 2400. 2 Local Key Allows front panel access when the unit is in remote mode 3 Preset Key Presets the 2400 to factory defaults. 1. Factory defaults - press to restore Timebase Cal and Contrast to factory calibrated values. 2. Reset memory - press to clear stored memory, restore default values for sound, attenuation, GPIB address and language interface. CANCEL - press to continue the normal boot up sequence.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation indicating that the parameter limit has been reached. If the sound in the System menu display is activated, an audible click will occur of each step of the Rotary Knob 10 Front Panel LEDS The front panel LEDs are located in several places. Unleveled LED LED is active when the 2400 is operating in an unleveled state. External REF LED LED is active when the 2400 is operating with an external reference applied. RF ON/OFF LED LED is blue when the 2400 RF output is active.
Front Panel Operation 2.3 Front Panel Operation This section describes front panel operation of the 2400 functions. Parameters for these functions are input using one of the following data entry methods: numeric keypad, step up/step down keys or rotary knob. Some data entry methods may not be available for some parameters. 2.3.1 Direct Entry Using Numeric Keypad After selecting the desired parameter (I.E. Frequency in the CW menu), enter the new value using the number keypad.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation 2.3.5 CW Menu For Frequency, Level, Level Offset and Power Slope, press the CW button to access the CW menu CW MENU OFS SLP 6.00 GHz Frequency 3.21 dBm Power 1.00 dB Power Offset 0.11 dB/GHz Power Slope Step Size: 0.0010 MHz Illustration 2.3 | Fixed Frequency Menu with Soft-keys 2.3.5.1 Setting Frequency If the operating menu is not in CW, press the CW Menu button. Press the Frequency softkey to position the menu cursor over Frequency field in the CW menu.
Front Panel Operation 2.3.6 Configure a Ramp Frequency Sweep (Option 43) For Ramp frequency sweep operation, press the RAMP button to access the RAMP menu. Option 43 must be installed. If option 43 is not installed, a status message will appear at the bottom of the display indicating that option 43 is not installed. After a ramp calculation is performed by the 2400, the unit will continuously sweep. There is no provision for an externally triggered ramp sweep. RAMP FREQ MENU OFS SLP 4900.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation 2.3.6.1.5 Resolution Press the Resolution softkey. Using the step keys or rotary knob to enter the ramp frequency sweep resolution. The settable range is 401, 801 and 1601. 2.3.6.1.6 Ramp Power Menu Press the Ramp Power Menu softkey to enter the Ramp Power Sweep menu. 2.3.7 Configure a Ramp Power Sweep For ramp power sweep operation, Option 43 must be installed.
Front Panel Operation 2.3.7.1.2 Stop Power Press the Stop Power softkey. Use the numeric keypad, step keys or rotary knob to enter the stop power level. 2.3.7.1.3 Frequency Press the Frequency softkey. Use the numeric keypad, step keys or rotary knob to enter the frequency of the ramp power sweep. 2.3.7.1.4 Sweep Time Press the Sweep Time softkey. Use the numeric keypad, step keys or rotary knob to enter the sweep time of the ramp power sweep. 2.3.7.1.5 Attenuation Press the Attenuation softkey.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation units key to recall the set up. After a successful recall, the display menu will remain in the System 1 Menu. Contrast Press the Contrast softkey to modify the display contrast. The display contrast can be modified using the Step Up/Step Down keys, numeric keypad and Rotary Knob. The contrast setting range is 1 to 15 Sound To enable or disable the system sound, press the Sound softkey to select the Sound parameter. The sound setting is toggled using the Step Up/Step Down Keys.
Front Panel Operation SYSTEM 2 6 SCPI GPIB Address Language Interface General Information Model: GT2400L Version: XXXX Serial Number: XXXX Build Date/Time: Dec 1 2003, 18:40:31 System 1 Menu Illustration 2.7 | System Menu 2 2.3.9 Using Modulation (NOT AVAILABLE IN 2400L/AL SERIES) The 2400M/AM Series offers three types of output modulation; AM, FM, and PM. The modulation menu and parameters will be displayed when you press the [AM], [FM], and [PM] soft keys located on the front panel. 2.3.9.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation AM MENU 1: External Source On/Off AM 0.00% / V Sensitivity AM 2/3 Illustration 2.8 | Amplitude Modulation Menu 1 2.3.9.1.1 Internal Waveform Source (AM Menu 2) The internal AM requires setting the following parameters: Depth, Rate and Waveform. • Press the Depth softkey to move the cursor to the Depth parameter. Edit the depth parameter using the numeric keypad, step up/step down keys or rotary knob. The maximum depth setting is 95%.
Front Panel Operation AM MENU 3: Internal Noise On/Off AM 0.00 % Depth AM 1/3 Illustration 2.10 | Amplitude Modulation Menu 3 2.3.9.2 Frequency Modulation If the operating menu is not in the FM menu, press the FM Menu button. To activate and deactivate FM, press the FM softkey to move the cursor to the On/Off selection. Press the Step Up key or Step Down key to toggle the FM state. The FM indicator will be displayed on the menu when FM is active. FM settings are interdependent.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation 2.3.9.2.1 Internal Waveform Source (FM Menu 2) • Press the Mode softkey to move the cursor to the Mode parameter. Toggle the mode using either the Step Up/Step Down keys. Selection is Wide or Auto (Narrow). In Auto mode, the 2400M will automatically switch to Narrow mode if the rate and deviation settings are applicable for Narrow mode operation. • Press the Deviation softkey to move the cursor to the Deviation parameter.
Front Panel Operation PM MENU 1: External Source On/Off PM Active High/Active Low Input Polarity PM 2/4 Illustration 2.13 | Pulse Modulation Menu 1 2.3.9.3.1 Internal Source (Pulse Menu 2) • Press the PRI softkey to move the cursor to the PRI parameter. Edit the PRI using the numeric keypad, step up/step down keys or rotary knob. The maximum setting is 1 sec. An error message will be displayed for an invalid entry at the bottom of the display.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation • Press the PRI softkey to move the cursor to the PRI parameter. Edit the PRI using the numeric keypad, step up/step down keys or rotary knob. The maximum setting is 1 sec. An error message will be displayed for an invalid entry at the bottom of the display. • Press the Width softkey to move the cursor to the Width parameter. Edit the Width using the numeric keypad, step up/step down keys or rotary knob. The minimum setting is 150 ns. The maximum setting is 10 ms.
Front Panel Operation PM MENU 4: Internal- Triggered On/Off PM 0.1 µs - 1 sec RF Pulse Delay 0.05 µs - 0.01 sec Width 0 - (width - 50 ns) Sync out Delay Rising Edge/Falling Edge Trigger Polarity PM 1/4 Illustration 2.
Chapter 2: 2400 Operation 2.3.10 Factory Default Settings Parameter Default Condition CW Frequency 10MHz RF @ Power Up OFF RF Level 0 dBm Offset 0.0 dB Slope 0.0 dB/GHz 2.3.11 Resetting the system 2.3.11.1 NVRAM Description The 2400 Series uses non-volatile memory “NVRAM”, preserved with a battery for storing the Instrument’s current state, saved Setups and Lists. The NVRAM is “checksummed” meaning at boot-up, the firmware checks if any value has been changed. 2.3.11.
Remote Operation 3 3.1 Introduction The 2400 Series can be operated from a remote host over the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) or RS-232 interface using either Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) or Native Language commands. 3.1.1 Command Interface All synthesizer functions are controlled over the GPIB and RS-232. SCPI and IEEE 488 Native languages are available. These languages are introduced briefly below, and discussed in more detail under separate headings.
Chapter 3: 3.1.3 Remote Operation Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal 5 E0I 13 D105 21 GND (9) 6 DAV 14 D106 22 GND (10) 7 NRFD 15 D107 23 GND (11) 8 NDAC 16 D108 24 GND Logic EIA-232 This is a 9 pin connector interfaces communications equipment using RS-232 format. See the table below for the connector pin assignments to all models. Table 3-2: RS-232 Connector Pin Assignments 3.
SCPI Command Set 3.2.1 SCPI Command Format SCPI requires adherence to a strict syntax structure. The typographic conventions employed in the SCPI command tables, which follow, are summarized here. Commands can be entered in upper or lowercase. Commands can be abbreviated. Letters noted in upper case in the command structure are required if entering more than the required letters, enter the entire command (e.g., if the command is INITiate, use either INIT or INITIATE, but INITI is invalid).
Chapter 3: Remote Operation Command 3.2.3 [SOURce]:POWer:ATTenuation 0|10|20|30|40|50|60|70|80|90 Sets the power attenuation level in dB [SOURce]:POWer:[:LEVel|:IMMediate|:AMPLitude] d | DM | DBM | DB Sets the CW power level to d [SOURce]:POWer:[:LEVel|:IMMediate|:AMPLitude]? Queries the CW power level [SOURce]:ROSCillator:SOURce? Queries the source of the reference oscillator. (INT or EXT) Source Subsystem - Correction Command 3.2.
SCPI Command Set Command Description [SOURce]:LIST:REPeat SWEEp|STEP|CONTinuous Sets the repeat mode for the current list [SOURce]:LIST:REPeat? Queries the repeat mode of the current list [SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence m1, m2, m3,….., mn Defines a sequence for stepping through the existing list.
Chapter 3: Remote Operation Command Description SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:SBITS bits Set RS-232 interface stop bits. Bits = 1, 2 SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:SBITS? Query RS-232 interface stop bits SYSTem:ERRor[:NEXT]? Following SCPI error numbers are supported: -100 COMMAND_ERROR -113 UNDEFINED_HEADER -200 EXECUTION_ERROR -222 DATA_OUT_OF_RANGE -224 Illegal parameter value -291 OUT_OF_MEMORY -350 Error queue overflow. -400 QUERY_ERROR Additional error messages are also supported.
SCPI Command Set 3.2.7 Source Subsystem - Ramp Sweep (Option 43) Command 3.2.
Chapter 3: Remote Operation Command Description [SOURce]:AM:SCALing d Sets the external amplitude modulation scaling to a percentage per volt value [SOURce]:AM:SCALing? Queries the external amplitude modulation scaling. Return value is a percentage per volt [SOURce]:AM:SOURce INTernal|EXTernal Sets the amplitude modulation source to internal or external [SOURce]:AM:SOURce? Queries the amplitude modulation source.
IEEE 488.2 Commands Command Description [SOURce]:PULM:EXTernal:POLarity? Queries the pulse modulation polarity. Returns "NORMal", or "INVerted" [SOURce]:PULM:SOURce EXTernal:INTernal Set the source of pulse modulation to external or internal [SOURce]:PULM:SOURce? Queries the source of pulse modulation. Returns: "INTernal", or "EXTernal" [SOURce]:PULSe:DELay d (S|MS|US) Sets the delay of the internal pulse modulation generator waveform.
Chapter 3: Remote Operation Command Name Description *OPC Operation Complete Causes the Operation Complete bit (that is, Bit 0 of the Standard Event Status Register) to be set to 1 when all pending selected device operations have been finished *OPC? Operation Complete Places an ASCII character 1 into the device’s output queue when all pending selected device operations have been finished.
Status Register System 3.5 Status Register System 3.5.1 Status Byte Register The Status Register System provides information regarding the state of the 2400 during remote operation. Several status registers can be queried to provide specific information regarding the state of the instrument or the status of events relating to its operation. These registers can be queried directly or can be configured to initiate a service request whenever an expected condition has occurred.
Chapter 3: Remote Operation 3.5.3 Standard Event Status Register 7 Power on Occurrence 5 Not Used Comman d Error 4 Execution Error 3 Not Used 2 1 Query Error 0 Not Used Operation Complete 0 Operation Complete. This bit is set whenever all pending operations are completed such as a list computation. 1 Not Used. This bit is always 0. 2 Query Error. This bit is set whenever a query error has occurred. 3 Not Used. 4 Execution Error.
Status Register System 12 No External Reference. This bit can be monitored whenever an external reference is applied to the synthesizer for phase locking multiple synthesizers. This bit is set whenever the external reference signal is lost. 13-15 Not Used.
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4 Specification & Performance Verification 4.1 Specifications: CW and Signal Generators 4.1.1 CW Operation 4.1.1.1 Frequency Ranges Model 10 MHz to 8 GHz 2408L/2408AL/2408M/2408AM 10 MHz to 20 GHz 2420L/2420AL/2420M/2420AM 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz 2426L/2426AL/2426M/2426AM 10 MHz to 40 GHz 2440L/2440AL/2440M/2440AM Frequency Bands Band Frequency 0 10 - 15.99 MHz 512 1 16 - 30.99 MHz 256 2 31 - 62.99 MHz 128 3 63 - 124.99 MHz 64 4 125 - 249.99 MHz 32 5 250 - 499.
Chapter 4: 4.1.1.2 Specification & Performance Verification Band Frequency N 10 8.0 - 15.99 GHz 1/2 11 16.0 - 31.99 GHz 1/4 12 32.0 - 40.00 GHz 1/8 Resolution 0.1 Hz 4.1.1.3 Accuracy & Stability (Identical to Timebase Oscillator) 4.1.1.3.1 Timebase (Internal) 10 MHz 4.1.1.3.2 Aging Rate < 5 x 10-10/day, 2400L and 2400M Series only (after 30 minutes warm up time) 4.1.1.3.3 Temperature Stability <1 x 10-8/day.
Specifications: CW and Signal Generators 4.1.2.2 Minimum Settable -20 dBm -110 dBm (option 26) 4.1.2.3 Resolution 0.05 dB 4.1.2.4 Accuracy5 (dB) Frequency (GHz) > 5 dBm > - 20 dBm > -110 dBm .01 - 20 GHz ± 1.0 ± 0.8 ± 1.3 .01 - 40 GHz ± 1.2 ± 1.0 ± 1.5 5Specifications applies over the 15 to 35°C range and degrades <0.5 dB outside that range. 4.1.2.5 Power Offset 0 to 10 dB 4.1.2.6 Temperature Stability 0.025 dB/oC 4.1.2.7 Source Match (typical) <2.0:1 4.1.2.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.1.3 Spectral Purity 4.1.3.1 Harmonics6 (Power out = + 6 dBm) Frequency (GHz) Harmonic (dBc) 0.01 to 2 GHz7 - 50 dBc 2 to 20 GHz - 55 dBc 20 to 40 GHz - 30 dBc 6 Specifications for harmonics above instrument frequency range are typical. 7 4.1.3.2 Specification is - 30 dBc below 100 MHz. Subharmonics (Power out = + 6 dBm) Frequency (GHz) Harmonic (dBc) 0.
Specifications: CW and Signal Generators 4.1.3.4 Residual FM (typical Frequency (GHz) 4.1.3.5 50 Hz - 15 KHz Bandwidth 0.01 to 16 GHz < 40 Hz 16 to 32 GHz < 80 Hz 32 to 40 GHz < 120 Hz AM Noise (typical) Frequency (GHz) Offsets > 5 MHz 0.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.1.3.6 Single-Sideband Phase Noise (dBc/Hz, CW mode, all power levels) Offset From Carrier Frequency Range 4-6 (GHz) 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 0.85 -92 -111 -112 -123 -130 1.85 -86 -105 -106 -117 -135 5.
Specifications: 2400M Series Only 4.2 Specifications: 2400M Series Only All specifications apply over a 0 to +55°C range after 30 minutes warm-up time unless otherwise stated. 4.2.1 Amplitude Modulation (AM) Parameter Specification Depth -20 dBm to maximum available power DC - 5 kHz (frequency = less than 2 GHz) 4.2.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.2.3 Frequency Modulation (FM) FM may be operated simultaneously with Scan/Linear AM and/or PM (PM & Linear AM not allowed simultaneously). Parameter Specifications Mode Rate (3 dB bandwidth) Peak Deviation* Accuracy Narrow Deviation Wide Deviation DC - 50 kHz 1 kHz - 3 MHz 1 MHz N 20 MHz N ± 5% at 5 kHz rate with 1V peak input Range: ± 1 V Impedance: 600 Ω Input *Refer to Frequency Band Chart Section 4.1.1.1 for band index parameter. 4.2.
Specifications: 2400M Series Only Parameter Specification Level Accuracy (relative to CW) ± 0.5 dB Duty cycle must be > 0.01% + 1.5/ - 0.5 dB Pulse Width 250 - 350 ns + 3.0 / - 0.5 dB Pulse Width150 - 250 ns Pulse Width > 350 ns PRF (50% duty cycle) DC - 3.33 MHz Input Sensitivity: TTL - polarity selectable level Impedance: 50 Ω 4.2.4.3 Pulse Fidelity Frequency Range Overshoot & Ringing Video Feed Through Compression Delay 0.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.3 Supplemental Specifications 4.3.1 General Specifications for CW and Signal Generators 4.3.1.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 Hardware Interface GPIB IEEE STD 488.2 (GPIB), all parameters except AC power on/off RS-232 All parameters except AC power on/off and service request functions. USB 1.1 All parameters except AC power on/off and service request functions using supplied USB to RS-232 adapter. 4.3.1.
Supplemental Specifications 4.3.4 4.3.5 Weight & Dimensions Item ATE Model (24XXAL/24XXAM) Benchtop Model (24XXL/24XXM) Width 16.75 inches 16.75 inches Depth 21 inches 21 inches Height 5.25 inches 5.25 inches Weight < 35 lbs < 35lbs Internal Modulation Generator (Option 24) Parameter Specification Amplitude Modulation Source Waveform Rate Resolution Accuracy AM Output Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp, Gaussian Noise 0.01 Hz to 10 kHz, all waveforms 0.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification Parameter Specification Triggered Mode RF Pulse Delay Pulse Width Sync Out Delay Trigger Input Polarity 4.3.6 100 ns to 1 second 50 ns to 10 ms 0 to 10 ms Rising Edge or Falling Edge Frequency and Power Sweep (Option 43) Continuous sweep, self generated within the instrument. Can be operated simultaneously with digital frequency sweep. (Option 43) 4.3.
Supplemental Specifications Parameter Specification Sync Out Delay (Delay is specified from edge of trigger pulse.) 50 µsec to 10 msec Trigger Modes EXT, GPIB GET, Software Sweep Modes Continuous, Single Step, and Single Sweep 2400 Typical Frequency Settling Time Time in µsec 600 400 200 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 4.0 ∆F0 = | (Fstop x Nstop) - (Fstart x Nstart) | (Refer to the Frequency Band Chart in Section 4.1.1.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.4 Performance Verification • This section provides step-by-step procedures to verify the 2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer performance. • The required warm-up time before testing is 72 hours. The warm-up period can be reduced to 30 minutes if timebase accuracy is not to be tested for all 2400 Series models. • The following procedures refer to the instrument under test as the 2400 or UUT (Unit Under Test) for all 2400 series models. 4.4.
Performance Verification 4.4.2.2 Frequency Range, Resolution & Accuracy 4.4.2.2.1 Description Connect the 2400 RF output to the input of a frequency counter. The internal timebase of the counter is used as a reference for the 2400 to eliminate timebase errors from the measurements. This procedure does not check for timebase accuracy. 4.4.2.2.2 Equipment Required • UUT • Frequency Counter • Coaxial Cable Illustration 4.1 | Frequency Range, Resolution & Accuracy 4.4.2.2.1 Procedure 1.
Chapter 4: 4.4.2.3 Specification & Performance Verification 3. Set the 2400 to each frequency listed on the data sheet and verify that the counter reads the set frequency plus or minus the counter resolution. 4. Connect the 2400 RF Output to the 500 MHz to 26.5 GHz input on the counter and continue with the divider tests.
Performance Verification listed in the test data sheet. The RF amplitude should be at +6 dBm. Press [RF ON] button to turn on the RF output. 4.4.2.4 2. Set the spectrum analyzer to view the 2400 output signal. Adjust the analyzer reference level so that the peak of the displayed signal is at the top graticule line. 3. Set the spectrum analyzer to maximum span with the signal centered on the screen. Gradually narrow the span, keeping the signal centered, to observe any spurious signals.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification PLOTTER IEEE-488 CONTROL BUS MICROWAVE SYNTHESIZER (UUT) 2400L Microwave Synthesizer RF OUT SENSOR SENSOR IN Illustration 4.3 | RF Output Power Test 4.4.2.4.1 Maximum-Leveled Power Before testing maximum-leveled power, configure and operate the power meter according to manufacturer specifications and allow for the recommended warm-up period. 1. Connect the power sensor to the RF output of the UUT.
Performance Verification 3. Set the UUT to the test frequency and record the measured output power. Repeat the test for the remaining test frequencies. 4. Set the output level of the UUT to +12 dBm. For 2440 series, this output level does not apply for frequencies greater than 8 GHz. 5. Set the UUT to the test frequency and record the measured output power. Repeat the test for the remaining test frequencies.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification Illustration 4.4 | RF Output Power Attenuator Test Note: When measuring the flatness and accuracy of the model 2400, consideration must be given to the various measurement uncertainties in the test system. These include, but are not limited to, VSWR, Cal Factor uncertainty and calibration.
Performance Verification 4.4.3 Performance Tests(2400M Series) 4.4.3.1 Amplitude Modulation Test 4.4.3.1.1 Description The following procedures test Amplitude Modulation Accuracy and Bandwidth at frequencies within each band. Because a Measuring Receiver is used to perform many of the tests, it is necessary to include a second microwave source and a mixer to generate an IF (Intermediate Frequency) that is within the frequency range of the receiver. 4.4.3.1.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 6. Set the UUT for the following settings: Level: +10 dBm AM Sensitivity: 30% AM State: On 7. Measure and record the AM depth. The measurement should be with a 10% range of the AM sensitivity setting. 8. Repeat the test for 50% and 90% sensitivity settings. 9. Set the UUT frequency and LO to the next test frequency and repeat steps 7 and 8. 4.4.3.1.4 Procedure (Amplitude Modulation Bandwidth) 4-22 1.
Performance Verification 4.4.3.2 Frequency Modulation Test 4.4.3.2.1 Description The following procedure tests Frequency Modulation Accuracy and Bandwidth at frequencies within each band. The tests require the use of an FM discriminator 4.4.3.2.2 Equipment Required • UUT • Local Oscillator • FM Discriminator • Function Generator • Measuring Receiver • RF Cables 4.4.3.3 Delay Discriminator Description The FM Discriminator includes an RF splitter; two coax lines of unequal length, and an RF mixer.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.4.3.3.1 Narrow Mode FM Accuracy and Maximum Deviation Test Procedure 1. Connect the output of the UUT to FM discriminator. The output of the discriminator is connected to the oscilloscope. 2. Connect the function generator to the external FM input of the UUT. Set the function generator to the following settings: 3.
Performance Verification 4.4.3.3.2 Wide Mode FM Accuracy and Maximum Deviation Test Procedure 1. Connect the output of the UUT to FM discriminator. The output of the discriminator is connected to the oscilloscope. 2. Connect the function generator to the external FM input of the UUT. Set the function generator to the following settings: 1. Rate: 5 kHz 2. Waveform: Sine wave 3. Output: 2 Vpp into 50 ohms 3.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.4.3.4 Pulse Modulation Tests 4.4.3.4.1 Description The following procedures test Pulse Modulation Level Accuracy, On/Off Ratio and Rise/Fall times at frequencies within each band. The tests require an fast crystal detector (rise time < 10 nsec). 4.4.3.4.2 Equipment Required • UUT • Oscilloscope (300 MHz bandwidth recommended) • Crystal Detector, < 10 nSec rise-time, frequency range equivalent to test frequency range.
Performance Verification 4.4.3.4.4 Pulse Level Accuracy Test Procedure 1. Connect the output of the UUT to the 80350A series sensor and 8650A power meter. 2. Set the pulse generator using the settings described in step 2 of the Rise and Fall Time Test Procedure. 3. Set the UUT using the settings described in step 3 of the Rise and Fall Time Test Procedure except set the External PM state to Off. 4. Set the 8650A sensor mode for the 80350A sensor to CW. 5.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification 4.4.4 2400 Series Test Datasheet 2400 Series Test Datasheet Record measured values in the Test Result column. Serial Number Date Tested By: Frequency, Range, Accuracy Frequency ± 1 Hz, ± counter resolution Frequency Range, Accuracy 4.4.4.0.1 Step 3 12 MHz 24 MHz 48 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz 4.4.4.0.
Performance Verification Spurious Signal Tests (Refer to section 4.1.3.3 for specification) Test Frequency Harmonics Sub-Harmonics Non-Harmonics 12 MHz 24 MHz 48 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz 750 MHz 1500 MHz 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 26 GHz 36 GHz 40 GHz Maximum-Leveled Power (Refer to section 4.1.2.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification Step Attenuator Level Accuracy (Option 26 only) (Refer to section 4.1.2.
Performance Verification Level Accuracy (Refer to section 4.1.2.4 for specification) Test Frequency Accuracy (dB) Level Setting Test Frequency 12 MHz 24 MHz 48 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz 750 MHz 1500 MHz 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 26 GHz N/A 36 GHz N/A 40 GHz N/A Amplitude Modulation Accuracy (Refer to section 4.2.
Chapter 4: Specification & Performance Verification Amplitude Modulation Bandwidth (Refer to section 4.2.1 for Rate specification) Test Frequency Rate 100 Hz 2.5 kHz 7.5 kHz 10 kHz 12 MHz 24 MHz 48 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz 750 MHz 1500 MHz 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz 26 GHz 36 GHz 40 GHz Narrow Mode Frequency Modulation Accuracy and Bandwidth (Refer to section 4.2.
Performance Verification Wide Mode Frequency Modulation Accuracy and Bandwidth (Refer to section 4.2.3 for FM Accuracy and Bandwidth specification) Frequency Pass Accuracy Fail Pass Bandwidth Fail Pulse Modulation (Refer to section 4.2.
Chapter 4: 4-34 Specification & Performance Verification 2400 Series Operation Manual, 33237 Revision A, May 2004
Accessories & Options A A.1 Introduction The following accessories and options are available for the 2400 Series Microwave Synthesizers. Each accessory and option is described under its respective heading in the appendix. A.1: Accessories & Options Accessory/Option No.
2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer: Accessories & Options A.1 Accessories A.1.1 A001: Cable Kit (SMA) This accessory kit furnishes two coaxial cables (18 and 72-inches) with connectors for interfacing to user-supplied signal sources. A.1.2 AO11: Ruggedized Carrying Case This is a special ruggedized carrying case for transporting the instrument between work sites. It can be ordered from Giga-tronics with part number 29855. A.2 Options A.2.
Options A.2.4 Option 28: High Stability Timebase This option provides a high stability timebase . This option is available for the 2400A Series only. High Stability Timebase is standard for the 2400L/2400M Series. A.2.5 Option 31: Frequency Step Time > 2 ms If Option 31 is installed, the frequency step time is greater than 2 ms. This option fulfills requirements for specific international standards. A.2.
2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer: A-4 Accessories & Options 2400 Series Operation Manual, 33237 Revision A, May 2004
B Remote Error Messaging Commands including SCPI, GPIB , or register based issued to 2400 may fail to execute. There are several reasons for the failure, such as wrong command string, wrong # of parameters, invalid parameter values, or invalid operation mode. This section defines the error codes and error strings for each possible failure. When an error occurs, the 2400 will queue the errors to an internal event buffer.
2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer: 2400 ERROR # B-2 Remote Error Messaging 2400 ERROR MESSAGE 11 List range editing error, start power is out of range. 12 List range editing error, stop power is out of range. 13 List range editing error, step power is out of range. 14 List range editing error, frequency is out of range. 15 List range editing error, dwell time is out of range. 16 System out of memory. 17 Invalid list point parameter. 18 List does not exist.
2400 Error Messages 2400 ERROR # 2400 ERROR MESSAGE 40 Invalid AM action. 0 - Deactivate AM, 1 - Activate external AM, 2 - Activate internal AM with sine wave, 3 - Activate internal AM with square wave, 4 - Activate internal AM with triangle wave, 5 - Activate internal AM with positive ramp, 7 - Activate internal AM with noise, 8 Activate internal AM, but set output to zero. 41 Invalid AM mode. LINear mode only. 42 Invalid AM source. INTernal or EXTernal is supported. 44 Invalid FM source.
2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer: B-4 Remote Error Messaging 2400 Series Operation Manual, 33237 Revision A, May 2004
Remote Program Examples C C.1 SCPI Script C.1.1 Simple CW C.1.2 Sequence Command Description 1 FREQuency 10000 MHZ Set the CW frequency to 10 GHz. 2 POWer 0 DM Set the CW power to 0 dBm. 3 OUTP ON Turn the RF on.
2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer: C.1.3 C.1.4 C-2 Remote Program Examples Simple List Mode Sequence Command Description 1 LIST:SEQ:AUTO ON Activate list mode. 2 LIST:FREQ 5000000000.0,5000000000.0,5000000000.0 Add 3 list points to a list with frequency 5 GHz. 3 LIST:POW 8.000,5.000,0.000 Set power to 8, 5 and 0 dBm separately. 4 LIST:DWEL 0.200000, 0.200000, 0.200000 Set dwell(step) time to 0.2 second.
Native Command Script Sequence Command Description 12 LIST:POW -10.000, -5.000, 0.000 Set power to -10, -5 and 0 dBm separately. 13 LIST:DWEL 0.200000 S Set dwell(step) time to 0.2 second 14 LIST:PRECompute? 1 Pre-compute the created list data 15 LIST:REPeat STEP Set list repeat type to single step 16 TRIGger:SOURce EXT Set list trigger mode to External trigger. Note: a user will trigger the list with an external device. C.2 Native Command Script C.2.1 Simple CW C.2.
2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer: C.2.3 C-4 Remote Program Examples Simple List Mode Sequence Command Description 9 LR 1 Activate the list mode. 10 LA 1 0 Add the first list point to a list. 11 LF 1 1 10.000000 GHZ Set the frequency of the first list point to 10 GHz. 12 LL 1 1 0.000000 DBM Set the power output of the first list point to 0 dBm. 13 LT 1 1 0.250000 S 14 LA 1 1 Set the dwell time of the first list point to 0.25 second.
Index 2400 Series Microwave Synthesizer Index A Accessories A-2 Accessories and Options Introduction A-1 Adjusting Knob 2-3 Assessories Cable Kit (SMA) A-2 Rack Mount Slides A-2 Ruggedized Carrying Case A-2 C Cleaning 1-3 Computer Interface 3-1 EIA-232 3-2 Configuration Data 1-v Code Number 1-v Configuration Number 1-v Model Number 1-v Option Number 1-v Serial Number 1-v Special Configuration 1-v Cooling 1-3 CW Menu 2-6 Setting Level 2-6 Setting Power Offse 2-6 Setting Power Slope 2-6 D Data Entry 2-3
Index O Q only 1-2 Operation Front Panel 2-3 Panel Operation 2-1 Power 2-3 Operations Front Panel Applications 2-5 Options Option 26- Step Attenuator A-2 Option 40- 1 kHz Frequency Resolution Rack Mount Slides A-2 Questionable Status Register R Ramp Key 2-4 Receiving Inspection 1-3 Reshipment Preparation 1-4 RF Field 2-4 RF Output 4-2 A-3 P Panel Operation 2-1 Performance Tests 4-14 Frequency Range, Resolution & Accuracy Introduction 4-14 Procedure 4-15 RF Output Power Tests 4-17 Spurious Signal Tests
