Senior Design Group 8 May 3, 2010 Ashish Thomas | Xi Guo | Brandon Gilzean | Clinton Thomas
i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 MOTIVATION ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES .........................
ii 5.4 SOFTWARE TEST PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 120 5.5 SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................... 121 6.1 BUSINESS CASE........................................................................................................................... 126 6.2 PROJECT PLANNING ..........................................................................
1 1. Introduction 1.1 Executive Summary Determining the breath alcohol content of a driver under the influence can be a well tested and exhausting procedure. To ensure that the driver is well indeed under the influence, different examination can be performed on the driver to determine his or her alcohol content. Many ways to do this are to take a field sobriety test or breathe examination. To be considered driving under the influence the person’s blood to alcohol content has to be .08% or higher.
2 This user is not off the hook just yet, the control box unit will require another sample reading at a random time interval. If the user receives a BAC less than 0.04, the user will be able to keep driving with no alerts. If there person receives a BAC of 0.04 or higher then hand will alert the user that they are under the influence. The control unit will initiate an alert that will begin to a process of shutting down the car.
3 By studies, people who have previous drunk driving convictions makes up onethird of the drunk driving deaths in the United States and in addition, its is known by researches that alcohol sensor ignition interlock system can decrease these repeated drunk driving offenses by over 64%. Ignition Interlock System isn’t a new technology but its still not popularly utilized in any new or existing vehicles.
4 Different perceptions of the ignition interlock system, a standard of public safety at the same time without taking away the beauty of one’s vehicle interior. As a result we will design our Voog Breathalyzer Ignition Interlock System to be a wireless unit. Voog will be consisting of a handheld unit and a control box.
5 obvious, the price. A lower-end professional breath-analyzing device can easily cost up to $250-$500 dollars as oppose to a personal testing unit at $40-$50 dollars. As we can all imagine the additional difference in functionality have the direct connection of its high increase in price. Personal breathalyzers can be purchased in the local store or online and are used by the general public.
6 Figure 1.4-1 (AlcoHawk Slim) Reprinted with permission from breathalyzer.net For a low-end consumer breathalyzer, AlcoHawk Slim also employs an electric air pressure sensor to ensure a deep lung sample is obtained. This is normally a feature utilized by a professional unit. This feature combined with a low price is a great value hand held unit. A summary of specifications is provided in Table 1.42. AlcoHawk Slim Specifications Dimensions 5 x1.75 x 0.
7 Figure 1.4-2 shows a detail drawing of S80. A summary of specifications is provided in Table 1.4-3. Figure 1.4-2 S80 Breathalyzer, image provided with permission from breathalyzers.net. BACtrack S80 Pro Specifications Dimensions 2.3 x 4.8 x 0.8 inches Weight 4.8 oz (136g) Battery 2 AA batteries Battery Life Approximately 1500 tests Sensor Xtend™ Electro-chemical fuel cell Blowing Time 5 Seconds Response Time 3 Seconds Digital Display 4 Digits (0.000%B.A.C.) Sensor Accuracy +/- 0.005 at 0.050% B.A.C.
8 0.000 – 0.400. With a linear response to measured alcohol, the S80 Pro can provide more accurate results over the complete range of alcohol concentrations. To fulfill the expectation of a professional testing unit, S80 has an extended sensor life along with useable battery life as compared to standard semiconductor-based breathalyzers, and will require less frequent service and maintenance and up to 1500 test pet set of AA batteries.
9 1.5 System Overview The Breathalyzer ignition interlock system will be consisting of three major components, the hand-held unit, control box and the interlock system. The system is designed to operate, such that the control box will request validation from the hand-held unit. After confirmed validation, user will be signified to proceed with providing breath sample to the sensing unit of the hand unit. The hand unit will then determine the user’s blood alcohol level content. If it fall below 0.
10 2. Research and Requirements 2.1 Platform The chosen platform for development is a reflection of the design team’s interest in new avenues of work-study. Upon conception of this project, it was necessary to identify a target platform upon which the design could be implemented.
11 camera, GPS location tracking, and mobile internet access, for the purpose of developing a more robust and attractive design solution. 2.1.2 Android Operating System Android is a mobile operating system and development platform, originally created by Android Inc., later acquired by Google Inc., and now jointly developed under the banner of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunications companies.
12 and interfaces, as well as the complete physical appearance of the device, provides a design team the most dynamic range of variation in delivering a potential end-user solution. The hardware can be designed to conform to strict physical size limitations, while providing a determinate level of functionality both to maximize the quality of use-case scenarios for the operator and to maintain an upper bound on the per-unit cost of the device.
13 into a discrete digital value, a serial UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) for both intra-device communications as well as potential inter-device communications with an output display, and any combination of push-buttons and LEDs used for device initialization and status messages. Based on these requirements, there are several candidate devices that will be evaluated for their use in both devices.
14 etc. The collection of final verification is called sign-off, and is the last step before a design is released for fabrication The end result is a design that is a globally-optimal realization of the product’s logical requirements. For a production scale on the order of millions of units, a well designed ASIC can drastically reduce costs of production for digital devices. However, for initial prototyping of a design, ASIC design presents an insurmountable cost hurdle.
15 Power consumption in an FPGA is a factor of the quantity of gates and logical units that are utilized in the HDL design, so it would be impossible to make an early evaluation of the device power consumption using an FPGA, however the Cyclone2 has the advantage of being designed on a modern, 90nm process technology, meaning its total power consumption with respect to other FPGA solutions in the market, would be significantly low.
16 designed power supply chain to provide the 1.5v, 2.5v, and 3.3v sources required for operation Figure 2.2.2.1-1 demonstrates how this FPGA breakout chip is similar in size to the Cyclone2 offering from Altera. However, the breakout board does not offer an easy method of powering and programming the chip, so as a prototyping platform Xilinx’s offering seems to be a bit more limited.
17 2.2.3 Microcontroller Microcontrollers are a programmable logic solution that provide a wide array of embedded functionality. Essentially, they are an entire computer inside of a single chip, providing reasonably accurate clock sources for timing, integrated instruction RAM and program ROM, and an integrated CPU for mathematically intensive operations.
18 Figure 2.2.3.1-1 PIC18F2455 - Flash 28-pin High Performance Microcontroller with USB block diagram, permission granted by Microchip. An advantage to using this microcontroller would be that it has 1 Kbyte of memory specifically dedicated for the USB buffer. Therefore, this allows this sensor to be able to have a USB communication interface. PIC18F also accompanies 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory.
19 brownout reset and low voltage detect circuits. Therefore, allowing the user to assert what happens when a circuit is in low voltage mode. The PIC18F has many different advantages but would be overkill as a microcontroller from a stand not quite enough for the design needed to perform the task needed. 2.2.3.2 Texas Instruments MSP430 The MSP430 series of microcontrollers by TI are recognized industry-wide as being an ideal platform for any kind of embedded or sensor network design.
20 Figure 2.2.3.2-1 TI EZ430-RF2500, reprinted with permission from Texas Instruments 2.2.4 System Logic Conclusions Based upon a thorough evaluation of potential solutions for programmable system logic, our conclusion is that a Microcontroller would be the most optimum solution for our design. Compared to either an FPGA or a custom ASIC, the Microcontroller offers the lowest possible NRE, while maintaining a high level of performance and programmable flexibility.
21 running directly from the power output of the alternator, rather than from the stable output of a healthy car battery being charged from the alternator. In addition, some simple voltage regulation will be used on the portable unit, in order to protect against any unexpected voltage transients. The battery in the portable unit will also serve as a sort of voltage stabilizer, as it should output a constant voltage within a certain, acceptable range as long as the battery is an acceptable level of charge.
22 possible in order to reduce costs on a possible production version of this device, low cost regulators would be ideal. The last requirement is one of temperature resilience. Given the wide variety of temperatures experienced in an automotive application, the regulators must be able to withstand such stresses. Assuming winter in the coldest climates, the minimum temperature should be -40° C.
23 the current-limiting resistor and the Zener diode used. It is also compact, and should be able to withstand the various requirements previously specified. The disadvantages are that due to its simplicity, it offers no additional protection against short circuit current or excessive levels of voltage. Zener diodes can be destroyed if their maximum voltage and/or current tolerances are exceeded, rendering the circuit useless. A significant disadvantage of this circuit is its inefficiency.
24 Figure 2.3.4-1: The Dual Output 12 & -5 Voltage DC Regulator Kit produced by EID Corporation. Permission granted by EID Corp. The primary advantage of this board is that it is a fully packaged solution which only needs to be connected to the circuit with no further design considerations. In addition, it can accept AC voltage, although that is an extraneous capability, as a vehicle’s electrical system is completely DC after the car battery.
25 2.3.5 LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator The LM317 offers a voltage regulation option unlike the ones previously looked at. It is a package that can output a regulated voltage from 1.25Vdc to 37Vdc, adjustable by applying a reference voltage to the third lead. It also has a maximum current output of 1.5A, which should be sufficient for the purposes of the other components on both the portable and car-based units. The primary advantage of this unit is that it is a compact and complete package.
26 Figure 2.2.6-1: Configuration of the LM1117V33 as a fixed-output voltage regulator. Copyright STMicroelectronics. Used with permission. As mentioned previously, size is a concern for this project. The compact size of this unit is a very attractive quality, as it allows for much more efficient use of the available space on both PCBs. In addition, the low cost allows for multiple application points on the board in order to design a higher quality power supply. 2.3.
27 Figure 2.3.7-1: TL780-05 Fixed-output voltage regulator implementation diagram. Reproduced with permission from Texas Instruments. 2.3.8 Voltage Regulator Comparison Each discussed circuit has its own advantages and disadvantages. The specifics of these properties were discussed in each section. Given the requirements of the voltage regulator, the LM1117 and TL780-05 is the best fit.
28 2.4 Power & I/O Interface Since one of the overall design requirements of this project is to connect the portable unit to the base unit for both charging the battery integrated into the portable unit and data transfer, a means of connecting both units must be considered. While two separate connections could be used, it would be inconvenient, would add part count, and would create needless complexity.
29 Figure 2.4.1-1: Female USB Type B connector. Reproduced with permission granted by sparkfun.com. Figure 2.4.1-2: USB female Type A connector pin arrangement. View is directly into the mating opening of the connector. Reproduced with permission of sparkfun.com 2.4.2 Serial (RS232) Another option would be to use a direct serial interface between the devices. Many devices, especially more industrial electronic devices, often use a RS232compliant serial interface.
30 Figure 2.4.2-1: The DB9 female connector for use with RS232 serial. Reproduced with permission of sparkfun.com. 2.4.3 Non-Standard Connector Give the user of standard connectors and communication protocols one concern is that the units are exposed to several hazards. The first is the issue of device security. The devices have to be secured against tampering.
31 These connectors are manufactured and distributed by binder-USA. The series 678 connector offers a bayonet locking nut, high cycle life, and in this configuration, five available pins. This would require the requirement of at least four pins. The bayonet locking ability creates a more positive lock, which means that the data and power connection will be secure. While this is not a standard connector, it is a connector available from binder-USA’s catalog. Thus, it is not a completely custom connector.
32 Figure 2.4.4-1: RJ-45 8-pin connectors. Reproduced with permission of sparkfun.com. 2.4.5 USB (Out of Spec) Another option would be to use USB connectors. While USB was discussed earlier, this option would remove the standard USB communication protocol and use it simply as a connector, similar to the “out of spec” usage of the RJ-45 connectors. In this case, there is another advantage – the cable could be eliminated.
33 Figure 2.4.5-1: USB male Type A connectors. Reproduced with permission from sparkfun.com. This arrangement would utilize all four pins. Although the physical arrangement of the pin matrix is different in a Type B USB connector, the actual function of the pins has not changed. As such, it will still be compatible. In addition, if a cable is still desired, it can still be used, although a female Type A to male Type A cable will have to be utilized, rather than the Type A to Type B cable. 2.4.
34 Connector Pins Extra logic? Cost (appx) Lead Time Size USB 4 FT232 Usb to Serial converter board = $28 $1.25+1.25+26 = 28.50 2 Weeks Compact Serial (RS232) 9 MAX232 (?) $1.95 $1.50+1.50+2 = $5 <1 Week Large Semi - Custom 5 No $4.64+ 3.55 = 8.19 1-2 Weeks Compact Ethernet (out of spec) 8 No $1.50x2 = $3 <1 Week Compact USB (out of spec) 4 no $1.25+1.25= 2.
35 into place. One being that this LED should provide enough light to light up in dark areas. This means that the LED must operate between a wavelength 450 and 760 nm. Furthermore, there should be a correlation between the frequency and current. This was taken into consideration for the reason that the LEDs would draw a collective amount of current. One LED that was researched was the BIPOLAR T-1 ¾ (5mm) from Fairchild Semiconductor™.
36 Figure 2.5.1.1: Spec sheet to show dimensions of LED. Reprinted with permission granted by Fairchild Semiconductor. Figure 2.5.1.2: Spec sheet to peak absolute maximum ratings of LED. Reprinted with permission granted by Fairchild Semiconductor.
37 There will be four sets of LEDs implemented for indicating the state of the person level of alcohol consumption. On the hand held unit, there will be three LEDs placed sequentially in a way to tell the level of comprehension state for driving. The colors of the LEDs that will be used on the hand held unit will be green, yellow, and red. On the control box unit, there will be one LED to determine if the user is over the BAC level. The color of this LED will be red.
38 Design – This will be most important feature. In the beginning the developer has to lay down the outline of how the design will flow. Which ways would be simpler, reduce memory, CPU Utilization, etc. Should the developer use flash memory, or another type of volatile memory. This should be well thought out and planned before coding starts. This will allow the code to be more efficient and proficient.
39 Figure 2.6.1.1: Diagram showing the input and output software flow chart for the hand held unit Figure 2.6.1.2: Diagram showing the states of the hand held software side.
40 A description of the varying hand held unit machine states is as follows. HHU Reading State – Read in input from the sensor, allow only the push button to interrupt the process. The software should take in data from the sensor and save that into memory. If the interrupt has not been enabled then it will transfer to the Processing State. HHU Processing State – The data will be processed with using a module that will check for errors.
41 System Mode 01 – If the System Mode is set to 01 then software will process the data to unlock the lock to start the car. System mode 00 – If the System Mode is set to 00 then software will keep the lock on the car and then driver will not be able to start the car. CBU Idle State – When the System mode is enabled, then the idle state will be enabled. The random sample module will be set utilized.
42 level of breath alcohol is over a state-mandated tolerance level, usually between 0.02% to 0.04% blood alcohol concentration, the interlock system prevents the engine from being started, usually by means of disabling the fuel pump. It is done this way because with some automobiles, including manual transmission cars, it is possible to manually catalyze the air-fuel reaction inside the engine and start the car.
43 though, traditionally it might not be a device that people would want to install in their vehicle voluntarily. In the early phase of our design, group members have researched and familiarized them self with how most breathalyzer units may look like ranging for a low cost consumer level unit to any high scale breathalyzers utilized by research labs and the law enforcement. In addition, physical features it must possess for necessary functionality and use.
44 with the handheld unit and the relay to provide proper operation of the breath test and the starting of the car. The first choice option for initial prototyping would be the Sparkfun project case, physical look and dimension are provided below in figure 2.8-1 and additional specification will be provided in the appendix: Figure 2.8-1. Image provided with permission from sparkfun.
45 Figure 2.8-2. Image provided with permission from by sparkfun.com With 3.16 x 3.95”, it will be substantial for mounting our microcontroller in addition to input and output elements. Our second choice would be the WM-46 from Pactecenclosures.com it is also a quality enclosure at a low cost. Figure 2.8-2 and 2.8-3 shows the general appearance and followed by detailed drawing. Figure 2.
46 Figure 2.8-4 Image provided with permission granted by Pactech Enclosures Hand-held Unit Enclosure Although Senior Design group have the intention to design and create an unique housing, enclosure unit for our hand-held unit through the new technology of rapid prototyping, we will not eliminate the option of purchasing existing handheld unit enclosures and modify where necessary. PPT-3468 is selected as a top choice backup enclosure, if for any reasons rapid prototyping is not achievable.
47 Figure 2.8-4 Image provided with permission granted by Pactech Enclosures Since PPT-3468 is a new design product, it will be available for free sampling, thus, it will help lower our cost by a fraction. This unit is sized at 6.5inches by 3.25inches, thus it is a good design for our project in terms of space availability (6.512 x 3.258 x 1.216). A slightly bigger design is also available if necessary. (8x4x1.5in) Additional dimension drawing will be attached below. Figure 2.
48 Enclosure Design Sketches of our preliminary design concept are provided in Section 3.8, followed by graphical creation of Breathalyzer unit in the secondary designs utilizing the well-known Photoshop software. 2.9 Display It is assumed that the operator of the system may not necessarily be a “technologically inclined” individual. As such, it is necessary for the design of any unit requiring a human interface to be clear and concise in its messages to the operator.
49 One such display under consideration, the Lumex LDD-A5004RI is commonly used in portable electronic devices, including personal breathalyzer units developed by competing companies in the breath-alcohol measurement industry. Figure 2.9.
50 an arrangement of various other symbols to the target audience. The clarity of these characters is a function of the dot-density of the individual display, which means the more columns and rows on the display, the more resolution each potential character can have. However, due to the size limitations of the design, it would be necessary to have a dot-matrix display with a very small pitch size.
51 incorporate an LCD for use in portable electronics often have their own microcontrollers integrated, for the purpose of receiving display update messages from the system, and converting those messages into the electrical signals that drive the display. Considering the additional integrated hardware required to drive one of these displays, as well as the backlight for illumination, an LCD will require much more power than any other electronic display suitable for portable electronic devices.
52 determines if the user is capable of maneuvering a vehicle safely. Therefore, due to the nature of this project, the accuracy of the sensor output has become the single utmost important element of this project. In addition to the need of accuracy, a few more expectations are also considered important, such as the size of the sensor, start up time of the unit; start up time after use, the ease of calibration, its sensitivity to ambient temperature, which all will be summarized below.
53 Figure 2.10-1: MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor, Reproduced with permission from: Sparkfun.com Figure 2.10-2: Standard MQ3 alcohol configuration. Reproduced with permission granted by: HANWEI ELECTRONICS CO.,LTD The major concern of this sensor model is its reliability and sensitivity, although it is the most commonly used sensor and marketed as “High sensitivity” and “Stable and long life”, it is still a low-end sensor, but it certainly has its advantage as well.
54 Figure 2.10-3: MR-513 Gas Sensor. Reproduced with permission granted by Futurlec.com The cost of this model, MR-513 is twice as much as the previous model, MQ-3. Which is at the cost of around $12, not a big disadvantage for its extra guarantee in its reliability and sensitivity, because of its MR-513 Gas Sensor WheatStone Bridge Design shown in figure 2.10-4. MR-513 poses similar working temperature and other criteria as MQ-3 as well. Figure 2.10-4. Reproduced with the permission of Futurlec.
55 documented below to aid the design team design the rest of the breathalyzer system if this time of sensor is chosen. The fuel cell sensors are designed to have two platinum electrodes with a porous acid-electrolyte material placed between the two. As the end user exhales air and flows past one side of the fuel cell, the platinum oxidizes any alcohol in the air to produce acetic acid, protons and electrons. The electrons will flow through the wire from the platinum electrode.
56 quantity for purchase Semi Conductor Low cost Easy to obtain Matured technology (More resources available) Available for single sensor purchase Found to be less accurate compared to fuel cell sensors Hard to calibrate Fuel cell sensors are clearly marked to be a better sensor and the potential for a better product design, but it certainly posses a great challenge for us with its cons as a result, Semi Conductor sensors might more realistic and practical for our design.
57 The battery will have to supply power a few main components: the general logic on the board, and any power required by the alcohol sensor, as well as any other components such as displays and LEDs. Several battery types will be researched for their advantages and disadvantages in order to achieve this purpose. In particular, their sizes will also be taken into account as space will be a consideration within the portable housing.
58 As this device will be used by a member of the general public with little to no training or formal instruction on the device, usability is paramount; as such, a single-use cell is an option. Given the limited voltages in cell sizes such as AAA and AA, a 9V battery would be the most practical.
59 will be charged reverse from how they should be charged. Essentially, deep discharging solves the issue of premature voltage dropoff, but it also creates a bigger problem of prematurely ending the battery pack’s life. So with either case, a battery with limited usefulness happens after only a few uses. The size for such a battery is acceptable, however, as is the cost for the battery. The optimal nickel cadmium battery would be a common 6V hobby battery pack, commonly used in many electronics.
60 While there are many varieties and configurations of nickel metal hydride batteries, there are no significant variances as far as the discussed advantages and disadvantages. The dimensioned battery under consideration for this project is shown in Figure 2.11.3-1. There are new developments in the consumer market for higher efficiency nickel metal hydride cells, such as the Sanyo Eneloop line of batteries.
61 The largest concern with lithium ion batteries is their safety. This is a major consideration of battery selection. Lithium ion batteries can be dangerous if handled incorrectly. Explosion or fires can result, potentially causing personal injury as well as damage to property. While many lithium ion battery packs on the market today include circuitry to protect from the basic types of undesirable power events that can cause a lithium ion cell to fail, it must still be handled and charged correctly.
62 A very common type of rechargeable battery is the lead acid battery. It is used in a variety of applications, including marine and automotive use. As such, it is a mature technology, and the charging technology is not complex and is also well understood. It is the oldest type of rechargeable technology, and is a proven technology. As such, concerns of its reliability during operation either when new or after some time are not of great importance.
63 2.11.6 Zinc Nickel Battery While zinc nickel batteries have been used in various forms for years, this technology’s entry into the consumer market is recent. Compared to traditional nickel metal hydride and nickel cadmium rechargeable cells, these offers several advantages. First, the number of useable recharge cycles is greatly increased over the other technologies.
64 Battery Type Cost Size (inches) Lead Times Performance Voltage output Recharge Cycles Alkaline $12 Size of standard 9V <1 Week Poor; limited recharge, inconsistent performance over lifespan 9V Very low Nickel Cadmium $10.50 5.2 x 1.7 x 0.87 <1 Week Good 6V Many cycles Nickel Metal Hydride $20 3.38" x 2" x 0.57" <1 Week Good 6V Fewer cycles than NiCd Lithium Ion $20 3.54x1.97x0.394 <1 Week Good 7.
65 In this case, the battery chosen was a nickel metal hydride battery. While in the battery comparison section, it had several advantages compared to lithium ion and even lead acid batteries, it is not necessarily the case with the charging technology required to charge this type of battery. Indeed, nickel metal hydrides present several unique challenges with respect to recharging. The basic principle of charging this type of battery is by essentially passing current through the battery.
66 2.12.2 Simple Charging Circuit Even using the previous solution of a separate charger, it would also create the problem of a limited use device. The user would have make sure to constantly charge the battery or risk having a non-functioning interlock system, thus disabling his vehicle completely, regardless of whether he is actually intoxicated or not. One possible solution is to use a simple, low cost solution to charge the battery.
67 Figure 2.12.2-2: Simple charging circuit. Permission granted by Colin Mitchell of http://talkingelectronics.com/ . This is sufficient for a slow overcharge rate. This may be practical for a user with a consistent schedule. However, as a matter of practicality, a faster charge time is needed. Faster charging can be accomplished by charging it at C/3.33. Due to the obvious increased risk of overcharging, a timer is also necessary in this case. However, it is a simple timer, with no additional logic.
68 the battery (charging cycles). Given the fixed nature of the battery to begin with, making the battery last as long as possible is a consideration. Since the cell being used is a two- cell configuration (in order to reach the required minimum battery voltage), these numbers are doubled. The required charge voltages go to about 8.4 Vdc. The charging circuit must be able to supply such a voltage. In addition, the current should be proportional to the capacity of the battery.
69 Figure 2.12.3-1: A typical implementation of the Texas Instruments BQ24005. Reproduced with permission of Texas Instruments. While lithium ion batteries do not require any sort of special “maintenance” type of charge modes, they do have to be charged in certain ways depending on their states of discharge. A deeply discharged battery cannot be charged as a battery with a moderate amount of charge left.
70 Figure 2.12.3-2: Configuration of the APG configuration (as opposed to the thermistor configuration) of the BQ24005. Reproduced with permission of Texas Instruments. 2.12.4 Charging Circuit Comparison Several different charging circuits were compared, with a focus on reducing cost, size, and improving quality. While the simpler circuits offer less complexity as well as possibly less cost, a single IC solution from ISL6291 is less complex than the other options when viewed from a top down assessment.
71 Charging Circuit Cost Size Complexity Robustness to power faults Simple resistor network Very low Small Very simple None Fast charge resistor network (timer) Very low medium Simple None Separate components into microcontroller Low to average Large Somewhat complex; potential for failure Slight BQ24005 Low ($4.80) Compact (smallest) Simple as a “black box.” Very good Table 2.12.4-1: Comparison of charging circuit solutions 2.
72 2.13.2 Pitot Tube A Pitot (pee-toe) tube is an instrument for measuring fluid flow velocity. First conceived in the early 1700’s by a French engineer by the name of Henri Pitot, these devices are commonly used in aeronautical applications for determining airspeed velocity, as well as industrial applications for measuring air and gas velocities.
73 Figure 2.13.3-1 Silicon Microsystems SM5852 Series Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Chips, printed with permission pending by Silicon Microsystems Inc. 2.13.4 Airflow Measurement Conclusions After an evaluation of different means by which to sample and measure human respiratory airflow in the hand held breathalyzer unit, the design team arrived at the conclusion that the piezoresisitve pressure sensor chips designed by Silicon Microsystems would present the most optimum solution for the finished design.
74 3. Hardware Design While software will be a major component of our project, hardware must also be considered. Through the design process, there was a focus on ensuring a solid platform such that any software written could reliably run on the hardware, without the hardware becoming the proverbial “weak link.” As such, several considerations such as reliability, price, size, and reduction of complexity are considered. 3.
75 A basic arrangement of signal flow into the microcontroller and out of the microcontroller must be established. As such, the microcontroller will obviously act as the central component in our circuit, ultimately performing all control functions on board. An arrangement summary is demonstrated in Figure 3.1-1. Figure 3.1-1: An arrangement summary of signal flow in the portable unit. Small arrows indicate flow into the microcontroller, and large arrows indicate output from the microcontroller.
76 Figure 3.1-2: Signal flow summary of the base/control unit. Small arrows indicate flow into the microcontroller, and large arrows indicate output from the microcontroller. 3.2 Microcontroller Interface The microcontroller acts as the centerpiece for the entire system design process, as its function is to receive and process all input data, then return a relevant result both as a sensory output to the user and a relevant system message to its counterpart in the opposing hardware unit.
77 the design team chose devices that could take advantage of this interface standard. Unfortunately, due to a restriction in multiple-device serial communications as limited by the microcontroller hardware, it may be necessary to develop a software process to either switch the device control held by the configurable serial UART on the microcontroller, or emulate the hardware functionality of an I²C bus controller. This can be accomplished utilizing a technique known as “Bitbanging”.
78 Standard features of the I²C bus include the ability to detect data collision between multiple communicating devices, different modes of operation for reading and writing at speeds ranging from 100 kbps to 3.4 mbps, and physically defined bus addresses that can be software defined and allow for easy removal and addition of devices to the bus during system operation.
79 communications at the same time, which would cause data collision and corruption. Figure 3.2.1-3 I²C Start and Stop Clock Conditions, reprinted with permission from NXP Semiconductor A valid session of data transfer is represented in Figure 3.2.1-4. In this session, the master device creates a START condition, then transfers the first byte of data, which is the address of the slave device the master would like to initiate communications with.
80 Seen below is Figure 3.2.1-5, a diagram of the hand held unit I²C bus. In this diagram, the Microcontroller will act as the bus master, driving the SCL line with a clock frequency set as a function of the desired transaction speed mode, and will both drive and sample the SDA line to send display data to the LCD display device, as well as read the digital output from the differential pressure sensor ADC. Figure 3.2.1-5 Hand Held Unit I²C Bus Diagram 3.2.
81 UART, which allows the board to be programmed using the provided software installed on a Windows-based development machine, as well as both sending and receiving serial data outside of the debug environment. Using a serial terminal window, data can be transferred back and forth at a rate of 9600bps with no flow control. The debug header is the physical connection that provides both the power input to the target board, as well as the serial transmit and receive lines to the microprocessor.
82 Composer is based off a very popular, open-source development environment called Eclipse. Computer Science courses at the University of Central Florida make heavy use of Eclipse in their classes, as it is widely considered one of the most versatile software development environments available today. That being so, the look and feel of the software was very familiar, and made development more comfortable. Figure 3.2.
83 convert into these discrete values is defined by its upper and lower voltage reference. While the integrated ADC has an internal, software selectable voltage reference of 1.5Vdc and 2.5Vdc, our pressure sensor output has a potential range between 0Vdc and 5Vdc. In order to allow our ADC to read between these levels of voltage, a resistive divider network can be utilized to reduce the output voltage to fall within the tolerable range.
84 Component Current Draw (mA) Display – backlight ON 70 Sensor 50 Wireless ON 95 Other components Total 700 1,610 mA = 1.61 A Table 3.3-1: Worst case current draw for portable unit. There will be a need for multiple voltages within the units. While the logic can generally accept a range of voltages, the sensor will have more stringent power requirements, as will the other components such as the display. As such, it is prudent to have multiple voltages.
85 The battery itself must be recharged. While various configurations were discussed earlier, the built-in battery configuration turns out to be the optimal solution. To this point, a charging circuit then becomes necessary, or else the battery would become a single-use battery, necessitating a visit to a service center every time the battery was exhausted. Generally, batteries must be charged at a voltage higher than their output voltages.
86 Table 3.3.1-1: LED status code table. Reprinted with permission of Texas Instruments. A designed schematic of the portable unit’s power supply is available in Figure 3.3.1-1. Essentially, the external power supply will be connected to the unit. Inside the unit, the connection point will be to the charging circuit. The charging circuit will connect to the battery. At this point, two voltage regulators will provide two voltages for use by the rest of the circuit. The battery is always driving the load.
87 Figure 3.3.1-1: Designed schematic for hand held unit power supply 3.3.2 Control Unit Power Supply The needs of the control, or base, unit are fairly similar to that of the portable unit. However, the control unit will be hardwired to the power in the vehicle. A consideration to be made, however, is how much power is being consumed while the device is idle. The vehicle’s line to be used is a 12V line; however, this is from a battery while the vehicle is off.
88 circuit, the focus on reducing the idle power draw of the control unit would not be served by adding in LEDs which may remain on indefinitely. Figure 3.3.2-1: Designed schematic for the control unit’s power supply 3.3.3 Power Supply Design Summary Since the device is made to be portable in a variety of environments, and not limited to a single, controlled location, power is an important concern. As calculated, the circuit past the battery must be able to support a maximum draw of 1.61A.
89 Figure 3.3.4 illustrates the pin out for the C0216CiZ, as well as the connection diagram to establish reliable communications between the display and the microcontroller. It is necessary to provide separate power chains for both the backlight, as well as the onboard display logic. The device itself is very simple to interface with, and has a pre-programmed slave device address to listen for.
90 3.5 Portable Unit Circuit Board Given our variety of smaller circuitry and need for a compact solution, an organized form of assembling the components needed is a requirement. There are several options available. Some of the requirements and considerations is that primarily, size must be as reduced as possible, especially for the portable unit. In addition, cost is a consideration, as is the long-term reliability of the method (quality).
91 possible circuit density is also much higher, allowing for a much more compact circuit layout. As far as the aforementioned durability, a PCB would be the least susceptible to have wires or components come undone due to normal use of the portable unit. One possible disadvantage of a PCB is its relatively high cost. However, this can be addressed by creating one’s own PCB.
92 Figure 3.6.3-1: Layout of printed circuit board. To understand the component placement better, a simulated view of the finished product is available in Figure 3.6.3-2. Using this view, it is possible to ascertain the types of capacitors and resistors needed. While PCB123 has several predefined (and user definable) footprints, the final appearance and relative size is not always immediately obvious. The simulated view helps in this regard.
93 openings are set at 0.1” spacing (2.54mm) to standardize them for use with standard spaced interconnect headers. Figure 3.6.3-2: A simulated, rendered image of the PCB layout. A simple two-layer board was chosen. Additional layers can simplify routing and create a more compact overall circuit, but also increases cost. Given our level of complexity for the designed schematic, a two layer board would most likely be sufficient. The size of the board was chosen at 3in x 2in. Thickness was chosen to be 0.
94 In order to do this, two issues had to be considered. First, the charging circuit must be disconnected. Secondly, the issue of switching the voltage source of the voltage regulators, and thus the rest of the device had to be considered. Since the circuit is powered from the battery for the portable configuration, a change to the external voltage source must be made in order for the control unit to have power without the battery.
95 composing of white polyurethane plastic surfacing majority of the unit. An initial sketch provided in Figure 3.8-1. Figure 3.8-1 Voog Concept I The dimension of this design will be 6x2.5x1.75inch to fit our PCB properly along with the airflow-sampling valve. In addition, custom cut vinyl will be used to provide more professional product feel and looks to it. Vinyl will also be used to mask out any display designs need to achieve any shape and look where the physical element might not be.
96 Figure 3.8-2 Voog Concept II In this design, a bigger LCD screen will be utilized to achieve a quality build. A black trim will be made with black custom cut vinyl to provide a black glass look. Concept II will be employing the single button design as well to make sure our product’s ease of use is achieved. Similar to concept I, a flip up airflow valve will be use to provide maximum portability.
97 Figure 3.8-3 Voog Concept III The dimension of concept III is 6x2.5x1.75. A 1-inch attachable airflow valve will be located on the left side of the unit. One button design located in the center for the ease of use, followed by opening holes for speaker’s sound transmission. Once again this is a low cost and less time consuming design acts as a contingency design in cases when our resources and time are limited.
98 designs we’re able to continue on with our next step if the designs are chosen for rapid prototyping. Vector graphic design can be use to accelerate the process of CAD design which is need in order to be use to manufacture the housing enclosure through the Rapid Prototyping lab of the Industrial Engineering department of the UCF Engineering college. Digital computer design of Voog breathalyzer concept I: Figure 3.8-4.
99 Digital computer design of Voog breathalyzer concept II: Figure 3.8-5.
100 4. Software Design 4.1 Software Design Summary The software design as described should define the characteristics of both the hand held unit system and the control box unit system. These design specs should be reasonable, attainable, and perform on an optimal level. Since the hand held unit will be more of a passive device, but it will require more of well defined design. There are certain factors that will play a crucial role in designing a system that can perform at an optimal level.
101 independent code, data model, size of double floating-point type, optimization settings, and runtime environment. The settings that will be increase compiler effectiveness is the runtime environment and optimization settings. The reason why the other project configuration is not being used is for the simple fact that they are not needed. The size of a double floating-point type basically means that it will allow a 32 bit and 64 bit numbers standard IEEE754.
102 key is in the ignition, the alarm algorithm that will used when the BAC level is over the legal limit, and the status of the car itself. The data logging will be utilize the address range from 0x4000 to 0x8000. The data logging will store the information about he user and the status of the car. From ranges 0x4000 to 0x5000 the information iteration will be store. This means that the when read in will be given an iteration number so the user can pull the exact information on on certain duration.
103 4.2 Communications The communication will design will be differ from each system. The system that will be taken into account will be the hand held unit system and the control box unit. The software should be able to handle the different devices should as the display, the air flow sensor, the alcohol sensor, the LEDs, and other devices used by each of the systems.
104 Figure 4.2-1: Diagram illustrating the end device configuration sample from TI. Pending permissions from Texas Instruments Figure 4.2-2: Diagram illustrating the end device configuration sample from TI.
105 The control box unit communication will be slightly different. The only communication on the control box unit will be the transceiver. This will be handled wirelessly, and handled by a routine that will retrieve the message and deal with it accordingly. The data that will be processed from the hand held unit will be received by the control box unit transceiver. From this point the data will be accounted for and processed.
106 4.3 Portable Unit Software The portable unit software is described to be more of a passive device. This passive device just takes input and does not request for information from the control box unit. The hand held unit will flow like the following. The user will press the power button which is a push button and the HHU will initializes. The device starts heating up server until ready for a test.
107 4.3.1 Display Functions In order to communicate over the I2C bus with the display, an accurate “bitbanged” I2C interface was created using a set of functions to encapsulate certain functionality of the bus, including operations to drive pins high and low, convert strings to binary output, transmit, receive acknowledgement, and configure the LCD to default functionality. Table 4.3.1-1 describes the purpose of each function in the display software.
108 4.3.2 Sampling Functions The output of the alcohol and pressure sensors needs to be sampled on separate channels of the ADC, at varying times. In order to simply program structure, the functions for sampling have been isolated into their own functionality and return values. Table 4.3.2-1 summarizes these functions.
109 and allow the user to get access to the vehicle. If the system has passed these requirements then the system will load in the last state which is idle state. In the Idle state the system will have all the information needed and will be able to either allow the vehicle to be started. The requirements have been set and since they have been set the software should be able to handle the procedures. The routines that will be used for control box unit software will be strictly integer based functions.
110 There will be four states that will manage the control box unit. The first state will be the wait state. The wait state will wait for a valid reading from the hand held unit. If the user who has taking the breath sample gives a bad reading, it will stay in the wait state. This means that the motor relay, headlight LEDs, green status LED, and red status LED. Once a valid reading has been registered, then the current state will be transitioned to enabled state.
111 Function void EnabledState(void) Description Enables the port 4 pin bit 4 to enable the motor relay, port 4 bit 6 to enable the headlights, and port 4 pin 3. Will use random function to request new reading. void WaitState(void) Enables internal MSP430 LED for status that it is communicating with hand held unit. void RandomRollingState(void) Disables port 4 to pin 3 for green status LED, port 4 pin 5 to enable red status LED. void AlertState(void) Toggle internal LEDs for MSP430.
112 5.1.2 Gas Detection Sensor This hardware and associated hardware will provide the main function of this project. As such, the gas detection sensor has several main requirements that will need to be verified. It must detect a low enough concentration of alcohol so as to be appropriate for an intoxicated human.
113 5.1.5 Wireless Communications The wireless communication protocol should be a relatively easily implemented protocol. It should be fairly well known, in order to speed application and also to reduce debugging time. The range of the wireless radios will not have to be large; as it is a near-range application, the range will most likely not extend beyond 5-10 feet at a maximum. The wireless should be robust, and without frequent errors or issues.
114 5.2.1 Verifying Power Hardware Since excessive voltages can damage the integrated circuits, it is necessary to test the voltage regulators and battery first. To do this, a multimeter will be used. The battery can be tested by measuring the voltage across the positive and negative terminals using a multimeter. It is not necessary to connect the battery into a circuit. The voltage must be verified to be close to 7.4Vdc. If this is not the case, ensure the battery is fully charged, and then try again.
115 Ideal Charging Condition Current Input Voltage 12.5V IC Temperture 47C Fan Stability .94A Current Limiting Resistor (ohm) 0.1 No No .94A 0.1 12.5V 38.2 Yes Yes .11A 0.4 12.5V 37C No Yes .30A 0.3 12.5V 40C No Yes .50A 0.2 12.5V 44C No No .50A 0.2 15.1V 48C No No .50A 0.2 15.1V 25.7C Yes Yes .22A 0.4 15.1V 38.5C No Yes Table 5.2.1-1: Summary of optimal Rsense value experiments. Green indicates chosen value (success). 5.2.
116 Alcohol Fuel Cell Sensor Output Input Sample Reference Voltage ADC Output BAC Equivalent Value (1.46 mv/step) 62 0.041333 Dry Gas (.04 BAC) 1.5V Dry Gas (.04 BAC) 1.5V 60 0.04 Dry Gas (.04 BAC) 1.5V 65 0.043333 1 Beer 1.5V 35 0.0234 Mouth Wash 1.5V 90 0.06 Table 5.2.2-1 Alcohol Sensor test data 5.2.3 Verifying Enclosure Verifying the enclosure will be a fairly subjective process.
117 order to set default values, such as the contrast, cursor position, character data, etc. Use the application code to send a few test strings or simple integers. If they display on the unit, basic verification is complete. Next, send several integers consistent with the display format of BAC. If this is successful, the basic functionality of the display has been verified. Next, test control functionality of the backlight.
118 channel. This will verify the mounting and interfacing characteristics of the sensor, to ensure it falls within requirements. It should be inspected to ensure that a proper pressure sample will be taken given the orientation of the sensor in the flow channel. In addition, it should be verified that the sensor is not blocking flow over or into the alcohol sensor.
119 successful operation. These will be specific to each software routine, based on its intended purpose and defined range of inputs, with the expected range of outputs. It will be important to stress the software components by attempting their operation on inputs known to be invalid or corrupt, in order to thoroughly evaluate the quality of their design. 5.3.
120 5.4 Software Test Procedure The Breathalyzer system is will be sub divided into two different systems. The control box unit and the hand held unit. There should be defined procedures in order to test to see that the hardware and the software is producing the correct values and data, as well as driving the correct display output at expected times.
121 Figure 5.4-1: Diagram illustrating the flow chart control box unit. For the control box unit there will only be input coming from the hand held unit which is the calculated BAC value. There will be a module that will be able to test and see if this is a valid value for the car to be able to start. This module will be named ingite_d. This module will be able to debug all the data that has been received and able to determine the state of the control box unit.
122 to use it or not. With that being said, system test procedure plays a great role in our development of the product. 5.5.1 Handheld Breathalyzer calibration and accuracy Breath alcohol testing instruments are calibrated and checked for accuracy utilizing an ethanol standard with a known alcohol concentration. There are two types of standards that are widely accepted and commonly used: Wet Bath Standards and Dry Gas Standards.
123 VI. Observe the reference thermometer to verify the simulator has reached the proper operating temperature. Blow a sample into the inlet port to purge the initial headspace. VII. The simulator is ready for use. A new mouthpiece should be attached/inserted to instrument and then this assembly should be attached to the outlet port on the front of the simulator. VIII. The connection from the outlet port of the simulator and the instrument should always be as short as possible.
124 V. If the gauge on the regulator is at or above 900 PSI take a felt tip pen and mark the needle’s position directly on the glass face of the gauge. Let the tank stand for two hours and then observe the gauge and verify that the needle has not moved. VI. After the regulator is initially mounted, depress the regulator control button and allow the gas to purge the valve for several seconds. VII. Leave the regulator on your tank unless it is absolutely necessary to remove it.
125 iii. User will then exhale into the handheld breathalyzer for 5 seconds. At the end of the interval, if a sufficient breath sample was provided, a message indicating a successful test, and the resulting BAC value, will be displayed to the screen. If a sample was insufficient, a message requesting the user to re-submit will be displayed iv. The handheld unit will wirelessly link to the automobile unit, and pass it a message, based on the results of the test.
126 6. Administrative Materials 6.1 Business Case In order for our group to establish a working and trusting relationship with our supplier/manufacturer in obtaining our initial purchase order of prototyping materials and high accuracy sensor, we feel it was in our best interest to establish ourselves as a business organization and use that to our advantage when necessary. 6.1.1 Business Name & Logo With great consideration of all creative names, we have decided to name our company, GEE8.
127 will seek full recognition if the benefit of incorporating will exceed our process cost. 6.1.3 Targeted Consumer Our main targeted consumer group is between the age of 18-25, simply because by study, this is age group is the top contributor to the drunk driving fatality rate every year, however this does not exclude a focus on individuals older than 25, as there are many repeat DUI offenders within this age category as well.
128 Fall 2009 Semester Milestones Research and Planning Week 1- Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 –Week 6 Week 7 Group member recruitment Exploring potential project ideas Discussion of potential ideas Research the feasibility of ideas and finalize idea Divide and Conquer Excise Week 8 Week 9 –Week 10 Define project goals and features Establish individual’s responsibility and position, establish a budget and organize future meeting date and location Week 11 Research existing products and design & determine
129 We will begin our purchases for parts and materials needed for the project, which means our budget must be consistently monitored in order for us to not go over our previously establish amount.
130 6.4 Bill of Materials Due to the variety of materials used, the bill of materials was separated into two main sections. All items are listed below, although multiple items of the same value or specific identity are not listed multiple times; rather, they have their quantity numbers adjusted accordingly. Specific suppliers were not listed as this is a simple bill of materials.
131 Capacitor 10 pF TDK Corporation C1608C0G1 H100D 1000 Capacitor 0.1 uF Murata Electronics GRM188R7 1C104KA01 DM 1000 Capacitor 10 uF Vishay/Sprague 293D106X9 016A2TE3 150 Capacitor 0.33 uF Murata Electronics GRM188R7 1C334KA01 D 150 Capacitor 1 uF Murata Electronics GRM188F5 1A105ZA01 D 500 Capacitor 47 uF Kemet B45197A34 76K309 20 Capacitor 0.
132 Additional Hardware Device Description Manufacturer Part Name QT Y Display Device display Newhaven Display C0216CiZ 1 Sensor Alcohol sensor (high accuracy, semiconductor) Henan Hanwei Electronics Co., Ltd MQ-3 1 Sensor Alcohol sensor (high accuracy, semiconductor) Henan Hanwei Electronics Co.
133 6.5 Design Team Ashish Thomas is currently a senior in electrical engineering at the University of Central Florida. He has an interest in power electronics and plans to continue at UCF for graduate studies in electrical engineering after his graduation in the Spring of 2010. He has experience in engineering project management with Progress Energy and wishes to continue with this company in the future for the engineering or management track.
134 Appendix A. A.1 Works Cited "Charging lithium-ion batteries." Welcome to Battery University. Web. 05 Dec. 2009. . "Charging NiMH Cells." Welcome to talkingelectronics.com. Oct. & nov. 2006. Web. 05 Dec. 2009. . "How to charge Lithium Batteries." PowerStream Power Supplies and Chargers for OEMs in a Hurry. Web. 01 Dec. 2009. .
135 A.2 Permissions A.2.1 Binder-USA Hi Ashish, Not sure if anyone has replied to you, but as long as this is only being used for academic use it should not be a problem. Thanks for asking. Greg Harter Binder-USA Tel: 805.437.9925 Fax: 805.383.1150 Web: www.binder-usa.com Ashish Thomas wrote: Hello, I’d like to request permission to use images of two of your connectors for an academic research paper of mine. You will be credited and cited appropriately.
136 Matt Maxim Customer Suppoer >Hello, > >I'd like to request permission to use some diagrams and schematics from the datasheet for the MAX712. This will be for an academic paper. You will be credited and cited appropriately. This will not be used for any commercial purpose, only academic purposes. > >Thank You, >Ashish Thomas A.2.3 Talkingelectronics.com The circuit from this page: http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/ChargingNiMH/ChargingNiMH.html Specifically, this image: http://www.
137 Subject: Permission to use images Hello, I’d like to request your permission to use several images of circuits on your website in an academic paper of mine. You will be credited and cited appropriately. This is purely for academic use and will not be used for commercial purposes. Thanks, Ashish Thomas A.2.4 Greenbatteries.com Hello Ashish, That would be fine. Thanks for asking...
138 Thanks for your email. You can use them as long as you indicate that they are from BatterySpace.com Best Regards, :-) Jasmine Sun BatterySpace.com / AA Portable Power Corp 860 S 19th Street, #A Richmond, CA 94804 Tel: 510-525-2328 Fax: 510-439-2808 --------------------------------- On Tue, 11/10/09, Ashish Thomas wrote: From: Ashish Thomas Subject: Permission to use site images To: sales@batteryspace.
139 Director of Marketing Communications SparkFun Electronics 6175 Longbow Drive, Suite 200 Boulder, CO 80301 www.sparkfun.com From: "Ashish Thomas" Date: October 24, 2009 6:48:55 PM MDT To: Subject: Permission to use images/schematics from sparkfun.com Hi, I’d like to request permission to use a few images and schematics of various components on the site. This is for use in engineering design documentation for academic purposes.
140 Thanks. A.2.8 Permission Seeking: howstuffworks.com Greetings, My name is Xi Guo, I am writing on behalf of University of Central Florida Fall 2009 Senior Design Group 8, to request for your permission to allow us to use your image available on your website for our final documentation, for which it would be submitted to our instructor. If you may, please kindly provide us with your permission to use your images, you can simply reply to this email. Thank you so much for your time.
141 and or planning to purchase (MQ-3 Sensor and MR-513) on our final documentation, for which it would be submitted to our instructor. If you may, please kindly provide us with your permission to use your images, you can simply reply to this email. Thank you so much for your time. Xi Guo xiguo@leonheart.com A.2.11 Permission Seeking: pactechenclosures.
142 Regional Sales Director Silicon Microstructures, Inc. From: Clinton Thomas [mailto:cthomas.mail@gmail.com] Sent: Sunday, Apr 04, 2010 10:28 PM To: Sales Subject: Permission for Image Use To whom it may concern, I am working on an academic senior design project at the University of Central Florida. I respectfully request your permission to use some product images, charts, diagrams, etc. from your website, in my documentation. You would be credited and cited appropriately.
143 Phone: 847-844-8795 -----Original Message----From: Clinton Thomas [mailto:customerservice@newhavendisplay.com] Sent: Sunday, Apr 04, 2010 12:22 AM To: nhtech@newhavendisplay.com Subject: Message from Newhaven Display International, Inc. From: Clinton Thomas Email: cthomas.mail@gmail.com -----------------------------------------------------To whom it may concern, I am working on an academic senior design project at the University of Central Florida.
144 > > I am working on an academic senior design project at the University of > Central > Florida. I respectfully request your permission to use some product > images, > charts, diagrams, etc. from your website, in my documentation. You > would be > credited and cited appropriately. This is purely for academic use and > will not > be used for any other purpose, including any commercial purpose. > > Thanks, > > Clinton Thomas A.2.15 Phidgets Bernard Rousseau
145 Cc: sales@binder-usa.com Hi Clinton, Thanks for your request. Yes, you may use the images and documentation you need from our website. We wish you much success with your project! Best regards, Rick Lopez Sales Tel: 805-437-9925, Fax: 805-383-1150 www.binder-usa.com A.2.16 ST Micro Michael MARKOWITZ To: Clinton Thomas I can give you ST's permission to use Fig 3 of the LD1117xx Data Sheet (Doc ID 7194 Rev21).
