User manual

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• Oropharyngeal oedema - the oedema size can be set up to various levels (medium
severe to severe) and orotracheal intubation can thus be prevented. Thanks to the
replaceable skin on the neck, it is possible in this case to carry out tracheotomy, which
means a surgical intervention when a permanent opening is made on the neck, which
ensures breathing, or coniotomy, i.e. opening the breathing system at the position of
the larynx where ligamentum conicum is located between the cricoid cartilage and the
thyroid gland.
Lower respiratory tract
The patient simulator breathes spontaneously and is capable of simulating oxygen
consumption and carbon dioxide production. The ECS also allows for the realization of
movement on one side of the chest only, for possible cases of wrong intubation or severe
damage of one lung. Both the right and the left side of the chest allow for hearing
physiological as well as pathological breathing sounds.
The ECS is capable of simulating atelectasis, pneumothorax, asthma or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. The simulator also reacts to drug administration.
A mathematical model of the pulmonary function continuously calculates the value of the
“patient’s” blood gases and pH in respect of the breathing parameters.
Cardiovascularsystem
The patient simulator allows for setting up both physiological and pathological cardiac
activity, including echoes that are synchronizable with the QRS complexes at ECG. Cardiac
echoes are detectable by means of a stethoscope on the left and the right upper and lower
sternal border. It is possible to connect the 5-lead ECG to the patient monitor via the
respective positions on the mannequin’s chest, and the activity can also be observed on the
real vital functions’ monitor.
There is palpable pulse on the neck, the wrist, the arm, the thigh, in the popliteal area
and on the feet, again synchronized with the ECG.
The ECS allows for measuring and monitoring the following:
• Arterial blood pressure
• Central venous pressure
• Left ventricular pressure
• Right ventricular pressure
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