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Fig. 2.6: Absolute and relative refractory periods [2.6].

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Variabilityofanatomicalandphysiologicalparameters

 Each individual has certain characteristic parameters describing the current state of his

organism, see Tab. 2.1.

These values change in connection with stress (physical or psychic). Tab 2.1 shows

typical values for non-sportsmen and for trained endurance sportsmen [2.2].

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OccurrenceoftheECGcurve

 When the irritation arrives at the muscles of the atriums, they gradually depolarize,

which shows via the occurrence of the P wave. When the irritation passes through the slow

conduction segment - the PQ segment, there is fast depolarization of both the ventricles at the

same time, when the depolarization spreads from the inside to the outside. The depolarization

of the ventricles is clearly visible on the ECG record as a QRS complex. Together with the

QRS complex, there is a process of repolarization of the atriums, the electrical manifestation

of which is overlaid by the QRS complex. The last stage - repolarization of the ventricles, can

be observed as the last T wave in the record, see illustration in Fig. 2.7. The U wave is only

observed in some individuals.

Absolute

refractory period

Relative refractory

period

Time (ms)

(mV)