Cover & such 2/8/06 3:55 PM Pilot’s Guide Page 1 CAS 66A B TCAS I Collision Avoidance System Effective Date: 2/06 006-08746-0000 REV.
Cover & such 2/8/06 3:55 PM Page 2 The information contained in this manual is for reference use only. If any information contained herein conflicts with similar information contained in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement, the information in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement shall take precedence. WARNING The enclosed technical data is eligible for export under Licanse Designation NLR and is to be used solely by the individual/organization to whom it is addressed. Diversion contrary to U.S.
TOC 2/8/06 3:55 PM Page 1 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Table of Contents SYSTEM COMPONENTS ................................................................1 Traffic Displays: ...........................................................................1 TCAS Controls .............................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................2 TCAS: .....................................................................
TOC 2/8/06 3:55 PM Page 2 Table of Contents SECTION III: OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES ............................39 TCAS OPERATING PROCEDURES ........................................40 Before Takeoff .....................................................................40 Flight Procedures .................................................................40 After Landing ........................................................................41 Post Flight ......................................................
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 1 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide System Components SYSTEM COMPONENTS TRAFFIC DISPLAYS: IVA 81A/C/D & TID 66A/D, Compatible Radar Indicators via GC 362A, Compatible EFIS. TCAS CONTROLS CP 66A/B TCAS I Controller CD 671C, KFS 578A, PS 578A & PS 550 TCAS/Transponder Controllers Discretes TPU 66A & ANT 67A W/ OPTIONAL OMNI.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 2 Introduction INTRODUCTION TCAS (an acronym formed from the phrase Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) is an airborne system used for detecting and tracking aircraft near your own aircraft. TCAS I includes a TCAS processor, antennas, a traffic display and a means to control the system. The TCAS processor and antennas detect and track other aircraft by interrogating their transponders.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 3 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Introduction TCAS: • Is compatible with the ATC System • Determines if a threat exists from ATCRBS or Mode S Transponder equipped aircraft • Provides display and audio announcement to the crew - Position information displayed on a traffic display - Synthesized voice • Incorporates sensor inputs and sophisticated algorithms to minimize nuisance visual and aural annunciations.
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TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Page 5 Theory of Operation and Symbology SECTION I : THEORY OF OPERATION AND SYMBOLOGY RNG 10 +05 TA ONLY SECTION I DESCRIBES TCAS I THEORY OF OPERATION AND SYMBOLOGY.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 6 Theory of Operation and Symbology TCAS OPERATION TCAS monitors the airspace surrounding your aircraft by interrogating the transponder of the Intruding aircraft. The interrogation reply enables TCAS to compute the following information about the Intruder: 1. Range between your aircraft and the Intruder. 2. Relative bearing to the Intruder. 3. Altitude and vertical speed of the Intruder, if the Intruder is reporting altitude. 4.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 7 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide SL B Theory of Operation and Symbology In sensitivity level B, TCAS I performs surveillance and tracking functions and provides traffic advisories. The conditions for sensitivity level B are based on own aircraft in-flight and: (1) If radio altitude source is installed and own aircraft altitude is above 2,000 feet AGL (radio altitude). (2) If radio altitude source is NOT installed and own aircraft has Landing Gear Retracted.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 8 Theory of Operation and Symbology TCAS I SURVEILLANCE VOLUMES Surveillance volume is that volume of airspace within which other aircraft with Mode S or ATCRBS transponders are tracked by own aircraft’s TCAS.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Page 9 Theory of Operation and Symbology TCAS TRAFFIC DISPLAY SYMBOLS TCAS I will display three different traffic symbols on the traffic display. The type of symbol selected by TCAS is based on the Intruder’s location and closing rate. Relative bearing and distance to the Intruder are shown by the position of the Intruder symbol in relation to the own-aircraft symbol.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 10 Theory of Operation and Symbology PROXIMITY INTRUDER TRAFFIC +10 A filled white diamond indicates that the Intruding aircraft is within ±1200 feet and within 5 nm range, but is still not considered a threat. This Intruder is now 1000 feet above your aircraft and descending. RNG 3 +10 +1000 Ft. and Descending TRAFFIC ADVISORY (TA) A symbol change to a filled yellow circle indicates that the Intruding aircraft is considered to be potentially hazardous.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Page 11 Theory of Operation and Symbology OFF SCALE TRAFFIC Threat aircraft (TA’s) that are beyond the selected display range are indicated by one half of the traffic symbol at the edge of the screen. The position of the half-symbol represents the bearing of the Intruder. RNG 5 -05 TA ONLY TA traffic on 5 mile range. RNG 3 -05 TA ONLY Same TA traffic; beyond selected range.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 12 Theory of Operation and Symbology INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTS “Traffic, Traffic” RNG 5 -04 TA ONLY Situation: One Intruder is ahead near the 2:00 o’clock position, between 2 and 3 miles, 400 feet below your altitude and closing. TCAS recognizes the threat and issues a TA. TCAS TRAFFIC ADVISORY ANNUNCIATION (TA): Aural “TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC” Visual A filled yellow circle on the Traffic Display Crew Response Conduct visual search for the Intruder.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 13 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays SECTION II: CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS TCAS ON SBY OFF B FAIL 15 10 5 TST 20 40 PUSH TO TST TCAS WX T/WX 3 ABOVE NORM BELOW FL PUSH FOR FL SECTION II DESCRIBES CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS OF THE TCAS I EQUIPMENT.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 14 Controls and Displays TCAS CONTROLS This section describes the control units for the TCAS equipment. Several types of control units are described. The TCAS functions can be controlled by various control panels or discrete switches. Not all the functions described are required in every installation.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 15 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays The T/Wx (TCAS/Weather) mode button is necessary in installations using the weather radar indicator as the traffic display. In these installations, the T/Wx switch is used to select between Weather Only, Weather with TCAS Traffic and Traffic Only modes. SBY ON ABOVE NORM BELOW Wx T/Wx TCAS T/Wx Details of the various modes are described later in this section under Weather Radar Indicators.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 16 Controls and Displays BELOW Traffic that is between 2700 feet above and 8700 feet below will be displayed. Typically BELOW is used during the descent phase of flight. TCAS I CONTROL PANEL; CP 66B TCAS ON SBY OFF B FAIL 15 10 5 TST 20 40 PUSH TO TST 3 TCAS WX ABOVE NORM BELOW T/WX FL PUSH FOR FL CP 66B TCAS I Control Panel The CP 66B can have up to four separate knobs as shown above.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 17 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays TCAS Range Knob: The TCAS RANGE knob is used to select the range on the traffic display. The range selections are 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40. All ranges are in nautical miles. Note: This feature may not be available in all installations or this feature may be superseded by a range control on the traffic display bezel.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 18 Controls and Displays TRANSPONDER/TCAS CONTROLS KFS 578A TRANSPONDER/ TCAS CONTROL UNIT TRANSPONDER 1-2 4096 CODE AND FLIGHT LEVEL TEST INDICATOR MODE S FLIGHT LEVEL PHOTOCELL B TCAS ABOVE/NORM/BELOW 2200 TCAS MODE TA TCAS RANGE TRANSPONDER MODE <> FL 2 5 ALT I D T IDENT XPDR/TCAS RANGE TCAS RANGE ALT VFR TA ON PUSH SBY FL TST OFF ON/OFF SWITCH PUSH-TCAS ABOVE/NORM/BELOW PUSH ^ ^ IDENT BUTTON IDT 1/2 4096 SQUAWK CODE SELECT PUSH-ADVANCE
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 19 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide RANGE OFF PUSH ^ ^ Controls and Displays The outer knob on the left hand dual concentric switch selects the Traffic Advisory display range in nautical miles. The selected range is annunciated on the traffic display. The range annunciation is the maximum displayed range to the front of the aircraft. The selected range has no effect on the TCAS logic giving TAs.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 20 Controls and Displays SBY places the Mode S Transponder and TCAS in standby. SBY is annunciated on the display window. Use SBY during ground operations. ON activates the selected transponder without altitude reporting. TCAS is in standby. ON is annunciated in the display window. ALT activates Mode S transponder with altitude reporting, TCAS system in standby.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 21 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays PS 578A TRANSPONDER/TCAS CONTROL UNIT PS 578A Single or Dual Mode S/TCAS Control Unit (Dual Unit shown) PS 578A CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS The PS 578A Control Unit is the master control for both the TCAS system and transponder. The PS 578A will also display the selected 4096 ATC code and current mode of operation in the display window. Versions are available to control one or two transponders.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 22 Controls and Displays 1/2 selects the active transponder. The other unit is placed in standby. (Pushbutton) IDT initiates IDENT feature for ATC. (Pushbutton) FID allows entry of an alphanumeric flight identification. Selecting the right inner pushbutton will cycle through the eight characters to be changed. Rotating the right inner knob will change the contents of the selected (flashing) character.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 23 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays PS 578A FUNCTION SELECTOR, ATC CODE SELECT & MOMENTARY TCAS DISPLAY FLIGHT LEVEL SELECT The outer concentric knob on the right selects the Mode S and TCAS mode of operation. Rotating the function knob (CCW) to the TST position initiates a comprehensive self test lasting approximately eight seconds.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 24 Controls and Displays The traffic display switches to the FL (flight level) display function when the inner knob is pressed in for more than four seconds. The relative altitude tags are replaced with absolute altitude (FL) tags. The traffic display will revert to relative altitude after 15 seconds. The FL feature is usually flagged below 18,000 feet MSL unless barometric corrected altitude is available from an air data source.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 25 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays The Display Window displays the ATC code selection, whether transponder #1 or #2 is active, transponder mode, transponder ident, own aircraft flight level (in TEST), TCAS mode, TCAS range and TCAS above, below or normal vertical display limit selected. R1 IDT < > All display annunciations are seen during the control unit self-test. The "R" annunciation is only seen during self-test.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 26 Controls and Displays The inner concentric knob may include an optional ON/OFF switch; clockwise is ON. When the inner knob is pushed, the Traffic Advisory altitude (Above/Norm/Below) display limits are sequentially selected. There are three display levels to choose from. ABOVE; 8700 feet above and 2700 feet below, is typically used during the climb phase of flight. A "^" (carat) will be annunciated in the display window.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 27 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays ALT Activates Mode S transponder with altitude reporting, TCAS system in standby. VFR Selecting VFR for more than 3 seconds changes the ATC code to the pre-programmed VFR code (typically 1200). VFR is annunciated in the display window for the 3 seconds before switching to the programmed code. The control unit will return to the mode selected prior to making the VFR selection.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 28 Controls and Displays PS 550 TRANSPONDER/ TCAS CONTROL UNIT PS 550 Single or Dual Mode S/TCAS Control Unit (Dual Unit shown) PS 550 CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS The PS 550 Control Unit is the master control for both the TCAS system and transponder. The PS 550 will also display the selected 4096 ATC code and current mode of operation in the display window. Versions are available to control one or two transponders.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 29 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays The 1/2 push button selects No. 1 or No. 2 as the active transponder. The other unit is placed in standby. The Display Window shows which transponder is the active source. The TST push button initiates a comprehensive self-test lasting approximately eight seconds. All segments of the display are illuminated for 2 seconds, then the code window will display the encoded altitude for four seconds.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 30 Controls and Displays The ID push button in the center of the Code Selector knob initiates the IDENT feature for ATC. The IDENT function is used at the request of an Air Traffic Controller, and holds the Ident reply for 18 ± 1 seconds. PS 550 FUNCTION SELECTOR, TCAS RANGE SELECT & TCAS ALTITUDE LIMITS SELECT The dual concentric knobs on the left side of the unit are used to select the TCAS/Transponder mode, the TCAS range and the TCAS altitude limits.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 31 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays The traffic display may have another range select source. The selected TCAS range is always annunciated on the traffic display. The range annunciated is the maximum displayed range to the front of the aircraft. The range to the rear is either full annunciated range or 1/2 the annunciated range, depending on the display. The selected range has no effect on the TCAS logic giving TAs.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 32 Controls and Displays TRAFFIC DISPLAYS TCAS traffic can be displayed on a variety of instruments or indicators. The following describes the various TCAS traffic displays. The (IVA 81A/C/D) TA/VSI displays combine the vertical speed instrument with the Traffic display functions on an LCD screen. A pointer indicates the aircraft’s VS (vertical speed) against the scale around the circumference of the circle.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 33 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays ciated. When appropriate Flight Level data is available, current aircraft Flight Level is displayed. The lower left-hand corner annunciates the TCAS mode and TCAS flag condition. See the list of Mode & Failure Annunciations below. Two blocks are reserved in the lower center of the screen to display No Bearing TA traffic.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 34 Controls and Displays MODE & FAILURE ANNUNCIATIONS The following annunciations can be seen in the lower left-hand corner of the TA/VSI or TID 66A/D.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 35 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays WEATHER ONLY MODE In this mode of operation, only weather radar information is displayed until a 80 Traffic Advisory is issued by the TCAS Processor. The range is controlled by the weather radar range control in this mode of operation.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 36 Controls and Displays TCAS ONLY MODE In this mode the screen’s RNG 5 origin point is 1/3 up from the bottom of the screen. Only TCAS information is displayed. This mode is -05 +25 maintained unless another mode is manually selected. The range displayed is that selected on the TCAS control panel. A 2 nm range TA ONLY ring is displayed on ranges 3, 5,10, and 15 nm. The 2 nm range ring consists of discrete dots (cyan) at each of the 12 o'clock positions.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 37 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Controls and Displays TCAS Fault Annunciations: Weather Only and Weather with TCAS Mode. In the event of a failure, all TCAS information will be removed from the display. One of the following failure messages will be annunciated in the upper left corner of the screen. TEXT TCAS GP FAIL Color (Yellow) (Yellow) Description TCAS System Failure. GC362A Failure.
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TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 39 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Operational Procedures SECTION III: OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES RNG 5 +10 -10 -02 TEST TCAS I Traffic Display Test Page SECTION III DESCRIBES OPERATION OF THE TCAS I SYSTEM.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 40 Operational Procedures TCAS OPERATING PROCEDURES TCAS warns the operator with an aural and visual Traffic Advisory whenever TCAS detects another transponder equipped aircraft and predicts the Intruder to be a threat. The pilot should not initiate evasive maneuvers using information from the traffic display only or on a traffic advisory (TA) only, without visually sighting the traffic.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 41 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Operational Procedures Use of the TCAS self-test function in-flight will inhibit TCAS operation for up to eight seconds. During initial departure, select the 10 nm TCAS range or lower because the traffic density is the greatest near the airport. During the climb phase of flight, select the 10 nm range or greater and continue to use the Above display volume mode, if available.
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TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 43 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide System Considerations SECTION IV: SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS TID 66A/D Traffic Display SECTION IV EXPLAINS CONSIDERATIONS OF THE TCAS I SYSTEM; WARNINGS AND LIMITATION, AND NOTES.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 44 System Considerations LIMITATIONS AND NOTES LIMITATIONS Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual . NOTES The capability of TCAS is dependent upon the type of transponder in the Intruding aircraft: The Intruding aircraft must be equipped with a properly operating transponder for normal TCAS operation. TCAS is unable to detect any aircraft without an operating transponder. If the Intruder is Non-Altitude Reporting (NAR), TCAS will display only the range and bearing.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 45 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide System Considerations NOTES (CON'T) It is possible to see an aircraft flying the same course and direction as your own aircraft, yet TCAS may not consider it a threat. TCAS calculates the closure rate of the Intruder, and derives the time to the Closest Point of Approach (CPA). If there is no closure rate, no advisory will be issued, unless the Intruder is very close (within approximately 0.2 mile).
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TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 47 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Appendix APPENDIX: TCAS I SELF TEST RNG 5 WX ON +10 -10 -02 TEST THE APPENDIX INCLUDES A DESCRIPTION OF TCAS I SELF TEST.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 48 Appendix TCAS SELF TEST The TCAS self test determines the operational status of the entire TCAS system. Select self test on the TCAS control panel. Once begun, self test continues automatically for approximately eight seconds. During self test, normal TCAS operation is inhibited. For optimum display during self test, selection of the 5 nm range is recommended.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 49 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Appendix At the conclusion of a successful Self Test, a synthesized voice announces: “TCAS SYSTEM TEST OK” FAILURE CONDITIONS: Should a failure be detected during self test, the audio message says: “TCAS SYSTEM TEST FAIL” A “TCAS” flag will be annunciated on the traffic display. A self test failure may indicate that the auxiliary equipment required for TCAS is not operational. Check the associated equipment.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 50 Appendix GLOSSARY OF TCAS TERMS ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS AFM or AFMS Airplane Flight Manual or Airplane Flight Manual Supplement. AGL Above Ground Level. Height above the ground. ATC Air Traffic Control. A federally operated ground based system that manages aircraft traffic flow. ATCRBS ATC Radar Beacon System. A ground based secondary radar and airborne transponder system used to monitor traffic.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 51 CAS 66A Pilot's Guide Appendix Mode S Transponder Transponder that replies to ATC interrogations giving an ATCRBS identification code, encoded altitude and other data fields including discrete aircraft address and airspeed capability. NAR Non-Altitude Reporting traffic. Non-Threat Intruder An aircraft that has entered the TCAS surveillance volume at a distance greater than 5 miles or altitude greater than 1200 feet above or below your own aircraft.
TCAS I Pilots Guide 2/8/06 3:52 PM Page 52 Appendix TA Traffic Advisory. An audio and visual indication that another aircraft is a potential threat. TA/VSI Traffic Advisory/Vertical Speed Indicator. A flight instrument that gives standard VSI indication and plan position of TCAS traffic. Threat An aircraft that has satisfied TCAS threat detection logic and thus requiring a Traffic Advisory.
Cover & such 2/8/06 3:55 PM Page 3 Honeywell International Inc. One Technology Center 23500 West 105th Street Olathe, Kansas 66061 FAX 913-791-1302 Telephone: (913) 712-0400 Copyright ©1994-1999, 2004, 2005 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.
