I I Ie Getting Started Guide I I I I HP 1650A/51A Logic Analyzers .e • •I I .e • • 2£&[&2 Flin- HEWLETT ~e..II PACKARD 'C' Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1987 Manual Part Number 5954-2664 Printed in U"S"A.
•I Ie I I •I .e • • • ••e I I Introduction MiMi rFP- About this book ... j,iIDilfM Welcome to the new generation of HP logic analyzers. The lIP 1650Al51A logic analyzers have been designed to be the easiest to use logic analyzers ever. In addition to being easy to U'*'.
•Ie I I I I I I I I .e I I Introduction $ Chapter 1: What Is the HP 1650AI5IA? Chapter 2: Getting to Know the Front Panel .
Table of Contents (Continued) Chapter 4: Learning the Basic Menus 4·1 4-1 4-1 4-3 4-4 4-7 4-9 4-13 4-13 4-15 4-16 4-18 Chapter 5: Introduction Selector Pop-up Menu Switching Between Analyzers Assigning Pods Alpha Entry Pop-up Menu C hangmg Alpha EntriesNumeric Entry Menus Assignment/Specification Menus Assigning Bits to Pods Specifying Patterns Specifying Edges Summary Using the Timing Analyzer 5-1 5-2 5·2 5-3 5-5 5-5 5-6 58 5-9 5-11 5-11 5-12 5-12 5-13 5-13 5·14 5-15 516 Introduction Problem Solving w
I I Ie Table of Contents (Continued) ill Chapter 6: 6-1 Introduction 6-2 6-2 6-4 6-6 6-6 6-7 Problem Solving with the State Analyzer What Am I Going to Measure? How Do I Configure the Logic Analyzer? Connecting the Probes Activity Indicators Configurmg the State Analyzer 6-9 Specifying the J Clock 6-10 Specifying a Tngger Condition 6-12 Acqurring the Data •I •I .e I •I I .
Table of Contents (Continued) Chapter 8: Making Hardcopy Prints 8-1 Introduction 8-1 Hooking Up Your Printer 8-2 Setting RS-2a2C for HP Printers 8-3 Setting RS-232C for Your Non-HP Printer 8-4 Starting the Printout 8-4 8-5 8-5 8-6 Ai Print Screen Print All What Happens during a Printout? Summary - Chapter 9: What's Next? Appendix A: Logic Analyzer Turn-on Check List Appendix B: Loading Demo Files from the Disc -I e- -I -I -.• •I • e.
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2 I I I I • • •• I I I I ••I I Getting to Know the Front Panel Introduction The HP 1650A/51A logic analyzers have been designed to be very easy to use The controls are located logically by function so you can learn how to use them quickly and easily. This chapter breaks down the front panel into these functional areas and gives you an overview of each area Front Panel Organization The functional areas of the front panel are: display, MENU, keypad, CURSOR, ROLL and disc drive.
Cursor The CURSOR lS a movable indicator on the display that allows you to access desired fields in each menu. It changes the field where it resides from the normal white background to the dark background (inverse video]. The KNOB moves the cursor to the field (function I you wish to use. You activate the field (function! by pressing the I e-I SELECT key GiD ~;~;~~ I ,- "><1' ...... , .., I~ :lm"""" """,,,,,,,. I~I ~= I' 1-' II;;;;-II:::II~II~ 1\ EE··~[-~ ~ l'I.fn - >"", ,,, ..
I I Keypad The keypad allows you start and stop data acquisition as well as enter alphanumeric data. Also in the keypad area are the DON'T CARE and CLEAR ENTRY keys Ie I I I I .e • •I I .e I I ~"""''''''"''F''''''''",''''' T'.. _._.I~ "n_"_"I~ "",'" "-""",,,11,-,,, ~- I FIJII -~ I Numeric Entry ( ( s ) I .
Roll I§?~ - 'iTATE rnenar n.on I JJ When pad of the data display is off screen, the ROLL keys define which wa.v the KNOB will move the displayed data. You will use these keys and the KNOB to roll displayed data up/down or left/right to view data that is off screen SPECIFICIITION i I Speufy SYlllbols ) }=' • I~: Getting 10 Know the Front Panel 2-4 •I e· • • • • e. I I • e.
•I Menu The MENU area contains keys that give you access to the four major menus of the lOgIC analyzer. You use this area to Ie I I •I .e I I I I .
Display e-I - I I e, • • e. ';1151. ... (OnHgurol1on Anal~ RnDly •• r 1 '"""~ 'YPf~ I Aulg-,~,t. I I The display shows you the menus for configuring the logic analyzer and the results of your measurements. or :' TIP>~ I I-~I Ilu, :'~rl"' F,-, , I .<11"· t I I I ~- TININt MAIIEFOlN'i M'·""~ tnTr,g~ IIT;;~~~ Tim, '" 0 I "[[umul,l. []II] ,et:'D"~ 11511 lUI 0 I" Tr,q ~ Ht~ n,,"~~ " ffiC..
I I Disc Drive Ie I I I I The logic analyzer uses the disc drive every tune you turn on the logic analyzer to load Its operating system. The dLSC drive uses 3.5·inch flexible discs" You can also use the disc drrve to store instrument configurations, acquired data. and mveree assemblers for later use. Complete details on the disc drive and Its functions can be found in the HP 1650A'51A..
- I 0) r ['_) I 1.- " Introduction I I I I ~--- -~- ------ How Do I Use the Front Panel? In this chapter you will learn how easy the HP 1650AJ51A logtc analyzer front panel controls are to use. You will also learn the front panel by following self-paced exercises. This chapter starts you off in the System Configuration menu, the same place the lOgIC analyzer starts after you turn it on. You will learn how easy it is to get in and out of this menu.
~ ====-------------- Menu Field Conventions Before starting to work with the menus, you need to know the two menu field conventions. This allows you to quickly recognize what type of achon will occur when you select a fteld. There are two shapes-that you should become familiar wrth' rectangles with square corners and rectangles with rounded corners. When you select a field wrth rectangular corners, it pops up and hsts two or more items. You must select a single item.
•I ·e I •I Your First Step When you turn on the- logic analyzer and the operating system has finished loading, you will see the System Configuration menu Notice the cursor is in one of the fields in this menu. Operatmg the HP 1650Al51A front panel is like learnmg to drive a car.
Returning to the System Configuration Menu When you leave the System Configuration menu, you can return to it at any time by following these steps: 1. Press either the FORMAT, TRACE, or DISPLAY key. You now see a new menu, All three of these menus have a field in the upper Left corner. 'I'his field will display either MACHlNE 1 or MACHINE 2 depending on how the logic analyzer was configured. 2. Place the cursor on this field and press SELECT. You will see the following pop-up menu. 3.
•I I. I • •I •• I I ~:~~QI~IE!IU'~ UlIlgl @11(~ 8~t~UI~[(UiI ::I!Jllru'Joi£l Q..~ [~iil rj,IJlljlj II fUTI"'ii1~~ Now is a good time to explore the System Configuration menu by driving the cursor around and pressing SELECT. Don't worry, you can't hurt anything because no matter what field you select you will have an easy way out, For example, select the Harne: IIIJIACIHllIIJIE I field, and you will see a pop-up that you can use to name analyzer number 1.
~-----~--- Closing Pop-up Menus In previous exercises, you dosed the Alpha Entry pop -up by using the Done field" But, what If there IS no Done in the other fields? Fields that don't have choices hke Done, Cancel, or Exit will dose automatically when you make your selection. For example, you have used this type of pop-up to get back to the System Configuration menu.
•I Ie • L Summal'lf In this chapter you learned what menu the logic analyzer displays once you have turned It on and where you will usually start configuring the logic analyzer once you are ready to make measurements The next chapter will teach you the most common types of pop-up menus, which will help you progress towards making measurements as explained m chapters 5 through 7_ •I •.e •I I I .
I I u===-Learning the Basic Menus ~i elntroduction I •I In this chapter you will learn the most common pop-up menu types by doing some basic exercises. The pop-up menu types you will learn I •I •.e _ in this chapter are, • • • • Selector Alpha Entry Numenc Entry Assignment/Specification = Selector Pop-up Menu In the selector type of pop-up menu you do what the name imphes, make a selection from two or more options.
2. Place the cursor in the field in the upper left corner of the menu and press SELECT. A pop-up menu will appear displaying System and the current analyzer names tdefault names are MACHINE 1 and MACHINE 21. The cursor will be on the current analyzer. Sustem MACHINE 1 MACHINE 2 I I eI I I / / "i stem "RCHINE MRCHINE - ~TE nRCE SPECIFICRTION I.. ~ armeo seuuence t.eve 1 s tnure s t nrruq enus t et e Trigger 011 enustat e ' 1 tImes I Pun '" I sr encne s I 011.
• •.e • • •I System (onfi!JurotlOn anetuzer- I neme IMIKHINE 1 Type I 'r rrmnq AnBlyzer 2 Name IMI'lCHWE rupe I Siote I auto-scete I Pod ~ 3, Place the cursor on AII1l8l1yuoJr 2 and press §lEILEGTI'. The pop-up closes and your desired pod is now assigned to analyzer 2. .
Get back to the System Configuration menu (refer to "Returning to the System Configuration Menu" in chapter 3 if you need a remmdert 2 Rotate the KNOB until the cursor is over MACHINE 1 and press SELECT You will now see a pop-up window m the System Configuration menu as shown in the example SY5tem Conf mvre t rcn aneruz er- , Harne IrlfiCH HIE ryp e I 'rmunq Auto-sen 1- "od , ---- z Ani'll y"er ,1 1 rteme IMA[HH~E Type I , I I 510 t e , Alphl'l Entry Don~ IHBC[IEFGHI Jf L11NOPIJPS
I • 3. Rotate the KHOB and you will see how the cursor moves within the pop-up. •• Al ph" Entry I • • • •• • • • • •• • • / l Done IABC DEFGH IJI,LMNOPQP.SilJVNX vzl (1123.:..1567BQ /1 [MACHINE I BEl ] MARKER 4, Now that you are ready to name analyzer 1, move the cursor so that it is on the L and press §IEJLJEICT. In the bottom of the pop-up. you will see an L in the far left corner of the bottom box: Also notice the under-score marker in the bottom box is now under the A of MACHINE.
I 6 Repeat step 5 three more times selecting A, R, and M respectively. You should now see LEARMNE 1 in the bottom box. Since this is not the name you wanted, change the name. sus tam runr muret run anetuzer- anetuzer- 1 nene Illfr(HHlE rqpe 1 ( Auto r-eo 1- Timing sea , , une-sruneo 1 1 TIJpe on I I , Alphn Entry none IH51:[IEFGHIn LI1'IOPClPS TUVH c" , I (I I 13.:156/09_ I [lEAl!tt.!'lE 1 , r:J 1:'1 , - --, Pod, r-oo 1 , - POlj -- Pod , --- • e· • • • • e. • • •I e.
• •·e • • • •.e •I •I Changing Alpha Entries To make changes or corrections III the Alpha Entry field. place the under-score marker under the character you want to change To move the under-score marker to the left, place the cursor over the left arrow and press SELECT once tor each backspace (~) Alpha Entry JA BCDEFGH IJf:LMNOPORS TUVHX vzl n 123~55789 BAI;kSPACES /1 UI~OER-SCORE MARI\ER MOVES UNDER·SCORE MARhER TO THE RIGHT To move the under-score marker to the right.
If you want to erase the entire entry and place the under-score marker at the beginnmg of the name box, press the CLEAR ENTRY key on the front panel. If you want to replace a character with a space. place the underscore marker under that character and press the DON'T CARE key on the front panel. ICE ""',n P-(H·'P ,,,,K''''L'"![II I I I~~ li~~II-il'"'II' r~"·r.;l I-"",-II-,--II-,--Il-,-I I~;II,'II" II ' 17, I~'II~II-;-: ~ rMiI11 ' II ;-,1" I I I / I . CC lt~r, E .
I •I. I • • • •• • • •I •• Numeric Entry Menus There are many pop-up menus in which you enter numerrc data, The two major types are: • Numeric entry with fixed unite (LE'. volts) • Numeric entry with variable units (i.e. rna. /lS, etc.t There are several numeric entry menus in which ,VOU only enter the value, and the units are fixed. One such type of numeric entry popup is the POD Threshold pop-up menu. Besides being able to set the pod thresholds to either of the preset thresholds (TIL or EeL).
3. Place the cursor on User Defined and press SELECT Another pop-up menu will appear as shown. Pod Threshold ( Exit ) • 0.0 V 11"IHCHIIIE 'I , rmr\ ., Poll Thresholll <1Ell) rn, en, +o,ov f""'~" 1, I User cer .rnee He I'll' l t ~ ~Pol ------------ - 15 67 I ++ •••• ~ . . . ++ ......
•I ••• 5 Press the CHS rchange eigru key on the front panel. 14m will now see -5.0 in the pop-up. Also notice the cursor IE; in the upper right corner of the pop-up over the operative Exit When you press SELECT, the pop-up will close and your new threshold WIll be placed III the Pod field.
2. Rotate the KNOB to place the cursor in the 30 ns box within the present for> 30 ns line and press SELECT You will now see the following pop-up: IMHCHUIE I 1- TIMING rrece model smut e ar-med by PU~ r~IlCE O;PEUrrCATION I fH:qUI51110~ mOdeITran~ltlQn~11 I t.ebe I ae s e FInd Numer it En trg Pattern ~ 31) 00 I I uc I 3 Enter a new value to replace 30.00 With the keypad. When you have entered your desired value, you can change the units type by rotating the KNOB.
I I I. I I I I •• •I I ••• L~-======~-------------1[_ ' Assignment! Specification Menus There are a number of pop-up menus in which you assign or specify what you want the logic analyzer to do The basic menus of this type consist of • Assigning bits to pods • Specifying patterns • Specifying edges Assigning Bits to Pods The bit assignment fields m both state and timing analyzers work Identically.
2. Place the cursor on one of the bit assignment fields and press SELECT, You will see the following pop-up menu. •I Note If you don't see any bit assignment fields, it merely means J'OU don't have any pods assigned to this analyzer. Either switch analyzers or assign a pod to the analyzer you are working \i."ith Im;[HINE 1 1_ TIMINI; FORI1IIT SPECIFICATION ( Speufy Symbol'.> ) POO 1 TTL 3. Rotate the KNOB to place the cursor on one of the asterisks or periods in the pop-up and press SELECT.
I •·e • • •I .e • •I ••e Specifying Patterns The Specify Patterns fields appear In several menus in both the timing and state analyzers. Patterns can be specified in one of several number bases; however, for now we'll use hexidecimal ,HEX) since it is the default base.
q·Billl!!lBI] OJ' Specifying Edges ibu specify edges m the TIMING TRACE SPECIFICATION menu by following these steps: L Press the TRACE key" Switch to the hmmg analyzer if the STATE TRACE SPECIFICATION menu IS displayed 2. Place the cursor on the Then find Edge . . field under one of the labels and press SELECT. The following pop-up wtl! appeal'. li'It=lCHmE I 1- lInIN6 rr eco mod~1 Slnglf.! Hrm~d by ruen I sun Tl'ACE SPEClHCAfION I I HCQI.II.
I I I. I I • • •• • • • ••• •I ~ .. . .... ... . Spec1fy Edge: Lt- " ~ ... . ... . Specify Edge: L.1- t ... 4 Move the cursor to another unassigned bit period and press SELECT twice. You will see an arrow pointing up. 5 Move the cursor to yet another unassigned bit period and press SELECT three times. You will see an arrow pointing both up and down You have just selected a positve-going t l I, negative-going (I), and either edge !I I for your edge parameter. 6.
4& Hi Summary i!Ji) In this chapter you have learned some of the most common pop-up menu types. You will use these pop-up menus as you set up the logic analyzer in the measurement example exercises in chapters 5 through 7. If you are already familiar with logic analysis and feel you are comfortable enough with the HP 1650AJ51A user interface. you may be ready for the HP 1650A'51A Reference ll.fanual.
5 Introduction Using the Timing Analyzer In this chapter you will learn how to use the timing analyzer by setting up the logic analyzer to make a simple measurement. We give you the measurement results as actually measured by the logic analyzer, since you may not have the same circuit available. The exercise in this chapter is organized in a task format. The tasks are ordered in the same way you will most likely use them once you become an experienced user.
Problem Solving with the Timing Analyzer In this exercise, assume you are designing a dynamic RAM memory (DRAM) controller and you must verify the timing of the row address strobe (RAS) and the column address strobe (CAS). You are using a 4116 dynamic RAM and the data book specifies that the minimum time from when LRAS is asserted (goes low) to when LeAS is no longer asserted (goes high) is 250 ns. You could use an oscilloscope but you have an HP 1650N51A on your bench.
I I •• • • • • •• • • • How Do I Configure the Logic Analyzer? In order to make this timing measurement, you must configure the logic analyzer as a timing analyzer. By following these steps you will configure Analyzer 1 as the timing analyzer. If you are in the System Configuration menu you are in the right place to get started and you can start with step 2; otherwise, start with step 1 L Using the field in the upper left corner of the display, get the System Configuration menu on screen. a.
3. Name Analyzer 1 "DRAM TEST" (optional! a, Place the cursor on the Name: and press SELECT. ~_ _ field of Analyzer 1 b. With the Alpha Entry pop-up. change the name to "DRAM TEST" (see "Alpha Entry Pop-up Menu" in chapter 4 if you need a reminder). 4. Assign pod 1 to the timmg analyzer. a. Place the cursor on the Pod 1 field and press SELECT. b. In the Pod 1 pop-up, place the cursor on Analyzer 1 and press SELECT. •I e· •I I I e. • • • • e.
I I Ie I I I I .e • • • =====:r----------------- =:c:, Connecting the Probes At this point, if you had a target system with a 4116 DRAM memory Ie, you would connect the logic analyzer to your system. Since you have assigned labels and Pod 1 bits 0 and 1, you hook the probes to your system accordingly. Since you WIll be assigning Pod 1 brt 0 to the RAS label, you hook Pod 1 bit 0 to the 'memory Ie pm connected to the RAS signal.
I ffiiJl,!;"tg'r "" 'I~ __-' Configuring the Timing Analyzer Now that you have configured the system, you are ready to configure the timing analyzer, IOU will be" • Creating two names (labels I for the input signals • Assigning the channels connected to the input signals • Specifying a trigger condition L Display the TIMING FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu. a Press the FORMAT key on the front panel. 2. Name two labels, one RAS and one CAS.
• • ••• • • • •• c. With the Alpha Entry pop-up. change the name of the label to RAS (see "Alpha Entry Pop-up Menu" in chapter 4 If you need a reminder) d. Name the second label CAS by repeating steps a through c. 3. Assign the channels connected to the input signals (Pod 1 bits o and 11 to the labels RAS and CAS respectively, a.
t' 'rE5?tt Specifying a Trigger Condition To capture the data and then place the data of interest in the center of the display of the TIMING WAVEFORMS menu, you need to ten the logic analyzer when to trigger. Since the first event of interest IS when the LRAS IS asserted cnegative-gmng edge of RAS), you need to tell the logic analyzer to tngger on a negative-going edge of the RAS signal Select the TIMING TRACE menu hy pressing the TRACE key.
I I ·e • • • •.e • • • •.e • • I ~"I 'hll@, _"t '" Acquiring the Data I ' ~,,- Now that you have configured and connected the logic analyzer, you acquire the data for your measurement by pressing the RUN key, The lOgIC analyzer will look for a negative edge on the RAS signal and trigger if It Bees one When it triggers, the display switches to the TIMING WAVEFORMS menu IDleHM TE',T 1181°1 er , I~C[I.InIU I ete sec 'or- ~ ~ ~ FAS ,..
3. Place the cursor on CAS and press SELECT, The pop-up closes and replaces the second HAS label with CAS. 4. Place the cursor on the third label (RAS~ and press SELECT. 5. Place the cursor on Delete waveform and press SELECT. This deletes the label in which you opened this pop-up menu. Repeat this step until you have deleted the rest of the RAS labels I['PAII TEST 11 er ~ er; 1- I accumct ete se. 10 I '_' I TIMING IolA ....
• •·e • • • •.e • • • [ ___ ._'~--,,_.-." I The Timing Waveforms Menu The TIMING WAVEFORMS menu differs from the other menus you have used so far in this exercise" Besides displaying the acquired data. It has menu fields that you use to change the way the acquired data is displayed and fields that give you timing answers" Before you can use this menu to find answers, you need to know some of the special symbols and therr functions The symbols are: • TheXandO • The.
The ... The Vertical Dotted Line The .... Iinverted triangle) indicates the trace point. Remember, trace point = trigger + delay. Since delay In this example is 0.000 8, you will see the negative-going edge of the RAS signal at center screen under the ..... The vertical dotted line indicates the trigger pomt you specified in the TIMING TRACE SPECIFICATION menu. The vertical dotted line is at center screen under the'" and IS superimposed on the negative-going edge of the RAS signal.
• • •• • •I I •• I I I I Configuring the Display Display Resolution Now that you have acquired the RAS and CAS waveforms, you need to configure the TIMING WAVEFORMS menu for best resolution and to obtain your answer Yim get the best resolution by changing the SecfDiv to a value that displays one negative-going edge of both the RAS and CAS waveforms. Set the 8ecIDiv by following these steps RAS - - - - - . CAS - - - - - - , lti5O.'BLOB 1. Place the cursor on Sec/Div and press SELECT.
• Making the Measurement What you want to know is how much time elapses between the time RAS goes low and the time CAS goes high again.
I I Ie I • • •.e • • • •.e • • 'iff FWd g Finding the Answer Your answer could be calculated by adding the X to Trig and o to Trig times, but you don't need to bother The logic analyzer has already calculated this answer and displays it In the Time X to 0 field This example indicates the time is 710 TIK Smce the data book specifies a minimum of 250 ns, it appears your DRAM controller circuit is designed properly.
Summary You have just learned how to make a simple timing measurement with the HP 1650Al51A logic analyzer.
~ I I \1)} Using the State Analyzer ~I', L"!jjH,t11ilt,~ elntroduction I I I I •e I •I In this chapter you will learn how to use the state analyzer by setting up the logic analyzer to make a simple state measurement We give you the measurement results as actually measured by the lOgIC analyzer, Since you may not have the same circuit available. The exercise in this chapter is organized in a task format. The tasks are in the same order you will most likely use them once you become experienced.
" Problem Solving with the State Analyzer •I Ii In this example assume you have designed a microprocessor controlled circuit. You have completed the hardware, and the software designer has completed the software and programmed the ROM (read-only memory)" When you turn your circuit on for the time, your CIrcUIt doesn't work properly.
I I I. I • •I •• •I •I What you decide to find out is: L What ROM address does the microprocessor look at for the location of the stack pointer. and what is the stack pomter location stored in ROM? 2. What ROM address does the microprocessor look at for the address where its first instruction LS stored in ROM, and is the instruction correct? 3. Does the microprocessor then go to the address where its first instruction is stored? 4.
How Do I Configure the Logic Analyzer? In order to make this state measurement, you must configure the logic analyzer as a state analyzer. By followmg these steps you will configure Analyzer 1 as the state analyzer. If you are in the System Configuration menu you are m the right place to get started and you can start wrth step 2; otherwise, start with step 1. 1. Using the field m the upper left corner of the display, get the System Configuration menu on screen. a.
I I I. I • • • •• • • • ••• 3. Name Analyzer 1 68000STATE ropt.ional l a. Place the cursor on the Name: field of Analyzer 1 and press SELECT. b. WIth the Alpha Entry pop-up, change the name to 68000STATE rsee "Alpha Entry Pop-up Menu" in chapter 4 if you need a remmder). 4. Assign pods I, 2, and 3 to the state analyzer. 8" Place the cursor on the Pod 1 field and press SELECT. b. In the Pod 1 pop-up, place the cursor on Analyzer 1 and press SELECT. c. Repeat steps a and b for pods 2 and 3.
Connecting the Probes At this point, If you had a target system with a 68000 microprocessor, you would connect the logic analyzer to your system. Since you will be assigning labels ADDR and DATA. you hook the probes to your system accordingly • Pod 1 probes 0 D15. • Pod 2 probes 0 A15 • Pod 3 probes 0 A23.
• • '. • •I • •• • • • ••• I I Configuring the State Analyzer Now that you have configured the system, you are ready to configure the state analyzer. You will be: • Creating two names rlabels: for the input signals • Assigning the channels connected to the input signals • Specifying the State (Jl clock • Specifying a trigger conditron L DIsplay the STATE FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu a. Press the FORMAT key on the front panel, 2. Name two Labels, one ADDR and one DATA.
c. With the Alpha Entry pop-up, change the name of the label to ADDR (see "Alpha Entry Pop-up Menu" in chapter 4 if you need a reminder) d. Name the second label DATA by repeating steps a through c 3 Assign Pod 1 bits 0 through 15 to the label DATA B. Place the cursor on the bit assignment field below Pod 1 and to the right of DATA and press SELECT_ b Any combination of bits may already be assigned to this pod: however, you will want all 16 bits assigned to the DATA Label.
I I Ie I • • •.e c~ Specifying the J Clock If you remember from "What's a State Analyzer" in Feelmg Comfortable l-~rith Logic .4nalyzers, the state analyzer samples the data under the control of an external clock. which is "synchronous" WIth your circuit under test. Therefore. you must specify which clock probe you will use for your measurement. In this exercise, you will use the J clock, which is accessible through pod 1. 1. Select the STATE FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu by pressing the FORMAT key. ~.
Specifying a Trigger Condition To capture the data and place the data of Interest In the center of the display of the STATE LISTING menu, you need to tell the state analyzer when to trigger. SInce the first event of interest is address 0000. you need to tell the state analyzer to trigger when it detects address 0000 on the address bus. 1 Select the STATE TRACE SPECIFICATION menu by pressing the TRACE key. 2, Set the trigger so that the state analyzer tnggers on address 0000. a.
I I Ie I I c. Place the cursor on the a option and press SELECT d. Place the cursor all Done in the Sequence Levels pop-up and press SELECT. e. Place the cursor on the field to the right of the a under the label ADDR and press SELECT. f. With the keypad, press 0 (zero) until there are all zeros in the Specify Pattern: pop-up and then press SELECT. Your trigger specification now states: "While storing anyatate, trigger on "a" once and then store anystate.
= = Acquiring the Data Since you want to capture the data when the rmcroproceasor sends address 0000 on the bus after power-up, you press the RUN key to arm the state analyzer and then force a reset of your circuit. When the reset cycle ends, the microprocessor should send address 0000. trigger the state analyzer and switch the display to the STATE LISTING menu. We'll assume this IS what happens in this example. SInce the odds that the microprocessor won't send address 0000 are very low.
I I Ie I I I I .e • •I L The State Listing - The state listing displays three columns of numbers as shown: 166Cllll',TIHE 1- STOTE LISTINli Oil Lebe I Base '1069::-6 ooesce E10:!C -coos 61FA IIn69}1J BI),[ -uuu-t llOuclF4 [11)(":' -DO')} nOO-lF6 110Cl9;:F< 019::'0 -(IOI:(:! -(JOI)1 1)l)e9::!C FF9R 1+\1011111 +001)'1 1)1)1]'-11)0 nooo -1)(1("7 -0006 wOO.:! +(lOO} 110000" uOl)uO-! ooorce -l1=:FR O'iFC eeoc 8°-18 +001)..
Finding the Answer YOul' answer is now found in the listing of states + 0000 through +0004. The 68000 always reads address locations 0, 2, 4, and 6 to find the stack pointer location and memory location for the Instruction it fetches after power-up. The 68000 uses two words for each of the locations that it 18 lookmg for, a high word and a low word.. When the software designer programs the ROM, he must put the stack pointer location at address locations 0 and 2.
• • •• • •I • •• • • • ••• So far you have verified that the microprocessor has correctly performed the reset vector search. The next thing you must verify is whether the microprocessor addresses the correct location in ROM that it was instructed to address in state 4 and whether the data is correct in this ROM location. From the listing you see that the address in state 4 is 008048, which is correct, but the instruction found in this location is 2E7C, which is not correct.
Summary You have just learned how to make a simple state measurement with the HP l650A Logic Analyzer Yon have: • • • • • • • • • specified a state analyzer learned which probes to connect assigned pods l., 2. and 3 assigned labels assigned bits specified the ,J clock specified a trigger condition acquired the data interpreted the state listing You have seen how easy Lt 18 to use the state analyzer to capture the data on the address and data buses.
7 Introduction Using the Timing/State Analyzer In this chapter you will learn how to use the timing and state analyzers interactively by setting up the logic analyzer to make a simple measurement. We give you the measurement results as actually measured by the logic analyzer, since you may not have the same circuit available. The exercise in this chapter is organized differently than the exercises in the two previous chapters.
Problem Solving with the Timingl State Analyzer In this example assume you have designed a microprocessorcontrolled circuit. You have completed the hardware, and the software designer has completed the software and programmed the ROM (read-only memory), When you turn your circuit on for the first time. your circuit doesn't work properly, You have checked the power supply voltages and the system clock, and they are working properly.
• • •• • •I • •• • • • • •• •I How Do I Configure the Logic Analyzer? In order to make this measurement, you must configure the lOgIC analyzer as a state analyzer because you want to trigger on a specific state (8930), You also want to verify that the addresses and data are correct in the states of this routine, Configure the logic analyzer so that Analyzer 1 LS a state analyzer as shown: Sys tem [onf igura t Lon Analyzer Z Anal !Jzer 1 Name 16EiiJ005THTE I T~pe I I coo , I Pod' UtttlUUt;tU
Configuring Now that you have configured the system, you are ready to configure the State the state analyzer. Analyzer Configure the STATE FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu as shown: !6BIJOIlSTHTE 1- 'iTIlTE rnenar SPEC IFrCATIOrl ( SlJecLfy Symbols ) CLOD .
I I Connecting the Probes ·e • •I •.e At this point, if you had a target system with a 68000 microprocessor, you would connect the lOgIC analyzer to your system. Since you will be assigning labels ADDR and DATA, you will hook the probes to your system accordmgly.
Finding the Problem You look at this listing to see what the data IS in states +0000 through +0004_ You know your routine is five states long.
I I Your first assumption is that incorrect data is stored to this memory location Assume this routine is in ROM since it is part of the operatmg system for your circuit. Since the ROM is programmed by the software designer. you have the software designer verify whether or not the data at address 8932 IS correct, The software designer tells you that the data is correct. Now what do you do? Ie I I I •.e • • • •.
How Do I Re-configure the Logic Analyzer? In order to make this measurement, you must re-configure the Configure the logic analyzer so Analyzer 2 shown: IS a tunmg analyzer as 'iystem r ont Iqer-e t a on AOlll uaer I Amllyzer 2 rl ~~II' 16o l l0nsTATEJ Type I I si ete Neme 16Ijl)I:IIITlm,IGI Type I rnm nq ( Auto-scale 1 PCO , 1,11 Itt n t rr r t r r r r Pod Pod -1 111- -II n l i l t ! I Pod 5 I,HlltLUtUU1U rllltltlttUUU soo Connecting the Timing Analyzer Probes lOgIC analyzer so
I • •• •I I • •• •I I I •• I I Configuring the Timing Analyzer Now that you have configured the system, you are ready to configure the timing analyzer. Configure the TIMING FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu as shown: 16EiUO(lTIMf~G 1- TIMING FOFnAT SPECIFICATION PODS TTL Retl'llty ---------------- Lene r Pol 15 a- I ( Specify Symbols PO[J~ TTL __ttt--ttr---r15 I 8, I~~ ;~~:'; [LOO + IJtiTH -.: . ........ .~ ... "".
Setting the Timing Analyzer Trigger Your timing measurement requires the timing analyzer to display the timing waveforms present on the buses when the routine IS running. Since you triggered the state analyzer on address 8930, you want to trrgger the timing analyzer so the timing waveforms can be time correlated with the state listing. I I e· • • • • STATEANAL"ER}-4~E~~e. • • • • e. Th set up the logic analyzer so that the state analyzer triggers the timing analyzer, perform these steps: 1.
• •·e • •I •.e I I I •.e • • W .~• •\L1@i" Time Correlating the Data In order to time correlate the data, the lOgIC analyzer must store the timing relationships between states" Since the timing analyzer samples asynchronously and the state analyzer samples synchronously, the logic analyzer must use the stored timing relationship of the data to reconstruct a time correlated display.
=~,~~- Re-acquiring the Data = -=:::r-----------------After you connect the probes of pods 4 and 5 to your circuit, all you have to do is press RUN. When the logic analyzer acquires the data, it SWItches the display to the STATE LISTING menu unless you switched one of the other menus to the timing analyzer after reconfigurmg the STATE TRACE menu. Regardless of which menu is displayed, change the display to the Mixed mode. Now is the time to load the mixed measurement demo file from the disc if you wish.
I I Ie I I • •.e • •I •.e • • L~#:\ Interpreting the Display In the Mixed mode display the state hsting is in the top half of the screen and the timing waveforms are III the lower half. The important thing to remember IS that you time correlated this display so you could see what is happening in the time domain during the faulty routine.
Overlapping Timing Waveforms • Smce you -see--nothing wrong with the timing waveforms 80 far, you think unstable data may be on the data lines during the read cycle In order to see unstable data, you must be able to see all the data lines during the read and look for transitions Overlapping the waveforms allows you to do this, Th overlap waveforms, follow these steps. 1.
• • •• • • • • •• •I •I Finding the Answer As you look at the overlapping waveforms. you notice there are transitions on the data lines during the read cycle, indtcatmg the data is unstable You have found the probable cause of the problem in this routine. Additional troubleshootmg of the hardware Will identify the actual cause 11'Ii ~d moue Iw DisplllY -oocc 66Cll10".
III\£M1' Summary You have just learned how to use the timing and state analyzers interactively to find a problem that first appeared to be a software problem, but actually was a hardware problem You have learned to: • • • • trigger one analyzer with the other time correlate measurement data interpret the Mixed mode display overlap timing waveforms If you have an HP 1651A, you do not have enough channels to simultaneously capture all the data for a 68000 But, since you probably aren't working with 16-bit
I I 8 iW • I I I I I. I I I I Making Hardcopy Prints PW%··'lil@i'·il@'!it¥i'l'i''!tfi Introduction The HP 1650AJ51A Logic Analyzers allow you to print the configurations, waveforms, and listings. Whenever your printer is connected to your logic analyzer and you instruct it to do so, it will print what IS currently displayed on screen, This chapter shows you how to set up the logic analyzer's RS·232C interface for printers If you have a Hewlett-Packard ThinkJet, QuietJet.
- Setting RS-232C for HP Printers All you have to do to set the interface for any of the previously listed Hewlett-Packard series printers IS to set the printer type in the RS-232C Configuration submenu. To set the printer type, follow these steps. 1 Display the 110 menu by pressing the 110 key.
• • •• • • •I •• I • •I Setting RS-232C for Your Non-HP Printer The following attributes of the RS-232C mterface must be set to the COITect configuration for your printer: • Protocol • number of data bits • • • • number of stop bits parity type Baud rate paper width You can set all of these attributes for your printer by following this procedure L Press the 110 key to displsy the 110 menu. 2" Place the cursor on R8-232C Configuration and press SELECT. 3.
4 Starting the Printout When you are ready to print, you will need to know whether there is more data than is displayed on screen. In cases where data is off screen Ii.e., format specifications wrth all pods assigned to a single analyzer), you need to decide whether you want all the data or just the data that is on screen [f you want just what is on screen, start the printout with the Print Screen option.
• Print All •·e • • • •.e • • • •.e • • The Print All option prmts not only what IS displayed on screen, but also what is off screen at the time you initiate the prmtout. In the Print All mode, the printout will be made in the text mode with only one exception: a timing waveform display will be printed III the graphics mode because it has no off-screen data.
_i>'_ Summary Now that you have configured the RS-232C interface for your printer, you can make hardcopy printouts of anything that the lOgIC analyzer displays. This IS a valuable feature when you need to keep records of configurations and measurements. • • e· • • •I e. I Making Hardcopy Prints 8-6 • • • e.
9 What's Next? Now that you are familiar with the logic analyzer, you may want to try some of the basic measurements discussed in this book on your target system. Refer to the documentation for your microprocessor. If you are comfortable with the basic measurements that you can perform with the HP 1650AJ51A Logic Analyzers, you are ready for the HP 1650Al51A Reference Manual. This reference manual explains all the capabilities of both logic analyzers and their operation from the front panel.
A Logic Analyzer Turn-on Check List This appendix summarizes the steps you take to turn on the HP 1650AJ51A logic analyzers. The details of the turn-on procedures are in the Setting Up the Logic Analyzer booklet. 1. Check the rear-panel line voltage indicator for the proper setting. Change the setting if necessary. 2. Make sure you have the proper S-wire grounded AC power cable. 3. Make sure the rear-panel line switch is Off. 4.
•I e • • • •.e • • • •.e Loading Demo Files from the Disc """"J'i,KIlf',,Pii"'f : ;;;ijilf.j To load the demo files from the dISC, follow these steps: L Press the lIO key on the front panel 2. Place the cursor on "Disc Operations and press SELECT. The disc drive indicator light will come on telling you the lOgIC analyzer is reading the disc. When the disc is read. the lOgIC analyzer will show you the directory of files on the disc, 3. Press the up/down ROLL key to activate the roll function, 4.
Verify that your file selection is displayed in the box to the right of wad from (de. If it is not, repeat step 4. If the correct file is displayed, contmue to step 8" 8. Place the cursor on Execute and press SELECT. The logic analyzer will load the file and display Load operation complete. You resume normal logic analyzer operation by selecting the menu key for the menu you want to see. I I • e. •I I • e.
