Wideband Power Sensor Models 5012D, 5016D, 5017D, 5018D and 5019D OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ©Copyright 2014 by Bird Electronic Corporation Instruction Book Part Number 920-5012S Rev.
Safety Precautions The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and apply to all phases of operation and maintenance. WARNING Keep Away From Live Circuits Operating Personnel must at all times observe general safety precautions.
WARNING Safety Earth Ground An uniterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied from the main power source to test instruments. Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can occur if this grounding is not properly supplied. WARNING Resuscitation Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.
Warning Statements The following safety warnings appear in the text where there is danger to operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for emphasis. WARNING Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. On page 3. WARNING Do not interrupt the calibration. On page 6 Caution Statements The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here for emphasis.
Safety Statements USAGE ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION. USO EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO. BENUTZUNG WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
SERVICE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO. SERVICIO LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO. WARTUNG ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.
ASSISTENZA TECNICA LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA.
About This Manual This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the following models: 5012D 5016D 5018D 5019D 5017D Changes to this Manual We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you discover any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send your comments to our Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number and revision on the title page.
Table of Contents Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Video Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low Repetition Rate Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Chapter 4 Specifcations . . . . . . .
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Match Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 1 Introduction Description The Bird 5012D, 5016D, 5017D, 5018D, and 5019D Wideband Power Sensor (WPS) is a Thruline sensor that can measure average, peak, or burst power, VSWR, crest factor, and Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF). It can be used with the Bird 5000-EX and 5000-XT Digital Power Meters (DPM), Site Analyzer, SignalHawk and the Bird Virtual Power Meter Software (VPM). Note: Firmware upgrades extending the WPS’s capabilities may be periodically released.
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Chapter 2 Installation Connections Note: VPM1 ONLY for Serial Connections. 5012D 5016D 5017D 5018D 5019D USB Only 5012A USB & Serial Serial Only WARNING Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. To connect the WPS to the Digital Power Meter, use the serial cable provided. Connect the male end of the cable to the DPM and the female end to the WPS.
FOR USE WITH OLDER VPM1 SOFTWARE ONLY: To connect using the serial port, first connect a 12V DC power supply to the WPS. Once the STATUS LED turns on and begins blinking, use the serial cable provided and connect the female end of the cable to the computer and the male end to the WPS. The WPS must be powered up before connecting to the PC. FOR USE WITH EITHER VPM1 OR VPM2 SOFTWARE: To connect using the USB port, connect the USB cable to the computer and to the WPS.
Chapter 3 Operation Zeroing Sensor 5000-EX Over time, the sensor’s “zero value” (reading with no applied RF power) can drift due to environmental factors (temperature, humidity, etc.) This can make the readings performed by this sensor less accurate by the drift value. If the drift would be a significant error, re zero the sensor. 1. Ensure the sensor has reached a stable operating temperature. 2. Ensure no RF power is applied to the sensor. 3. Press “Zero” to begin Calibration. 4.
If calibration fails, “Cal Fail” will be displayed. a. b. c. Press a key to return to normal operation, Ensure that the WPS is properly connected, and the RF is off. Rezero. Go back to Step 3. 5000-XT 1. 2. 3. Make sure the sensor has reached a stable operating temperature. Make sure no RF power is applied to the sensor. Press and hold “0” for two seconds to begin zero calibration. WARNING Do not interrupt the calibration. Note: “Zero/Cal” will be displayed and calibration will begin.
Function Descriptions Figure 1 Average and Peak Envelope Power Square Wave Signal Average Power Average power is a measure of the equivalent “heating” power of a signal, as measured with a calorimeter. It measures the total RF power in the system, and does not depend on number of carriers or modulation scheme. The WPS is a broadband sensor that measures power across its entire frequency range.
VSWR VSWR measures the relation between forward and reflected average power. The Bird Wideband Power Sensor calculates the VSWR from the Forward and Reflected Average Power measurements. Rho and Return Loss are also the same measurement, but in different units: Rho Rho = PR PF VSWR + VSWR = 1----------1– Return Loss (dB) ReturnLoss dB = 10 log P R P F The health of the feedline and antenna systems can be monitored using VSWR measurement under full power operating conditions.
Video Filter Figure 2 Video Filter Settings, 300 kHz Signal Except for average power and VSWR measurements, all WPS measurements rely on a variable video filter to improve accuracy. This filter can be set to either 4.5 kHz, 400 kHz, or full bandwidth. It should be as narrow as possible while still being larger than the demodulated signal bandwidth (video bandwidth). Narrowing the filter limits the noise contribution caused by interfering signals.
Peak Envelope Power Peak power measurements detect amplitude changes as a signal modulates the carrier envelope. The WPS operates in an asynchronous cycle: 300 ms of waveform sampling followed by a 50 ms reset period. The peak power is then displayed and the cycle repeats. The display therefore updates about three times per second. Transmitter overdrive can be detected with peak measurements. Common problems are overshoot at the beginning of burst packets, amplitude modulation, and excessive transients.
Burst Average Power Figure 3 Burst Average Power Burst width (BW) is the duration of a pulse. Period (P) is the time from the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse. Duty cycle (D) is the percentage of time that the transmitter is on. To calculate the duty cycle simply divide the burst width by the period (D = BW / P). Low duty cycles mean that the burst width is much less than the period; a large amount of dead time surrounds each burst.
Crest Factor Figure 4 Crest Factor - 10 dB CDMA Signal - 100 W Peak - 10 W Ave Crest factor (CF) is the ratio of the peak and average powers, in dB. The WPS calculates the Crest Factor from the Forward Peak and Average Power measurements. Crest factor is becoming one of the most important measurements as communication systems move into the digital age. For CDMA and similar modulation types the CF may reach 10 dB.
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) Figure 5 CCDF - 100 W Signal - 80 W Threshold 20% CCDF CCDF measures the amount of time the power is above a threshold. Equivalently, it is the probability that any single measurement will be above the threshold. The WPS samples the power over a 300 ms window and compares it to a userspecified threshold, in Watts. The time above the threshold relative to the total time is the CCDF.
Low Repetition Rate Waveforms Many of today's channel access methods involve the use of low repetition frequency time division-multiple access (TDMA) techniques. Examples of these relatively new TDMA formats include Digital Mobile Radio(DMR), and TETRA systems. The DMR format uses an approach where two discrete time slots provide access to a single 25 kHz communication channel, providing the equivalent of 12.S kHz channel bandwidth for the system.
Figure 6 Low Rep Waveform 15
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Chapter 4 Specifcations 5012D Specifications Sensor Characteristics Frequency Range RF Power Range 350 MHz to 4 GHz 0.15 W to 150 W average, 4W to 400 W peak Maximum Power See Figure 8 on page 19. Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms Insertion Loss, Max: 0.35 – 1 GHz 0.05 dB 1 – 4 GHz 0.1 dB Input VSWR, Max: 0.35 – 2.5 GHz 1.05 2.5 – 4 GHz 1.10 Directivity, Min: 0.
Power Supply: DPM USB Port DC Connector Data Logging From host instrument via cable Less than one low-power USB load 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA In VPM Software Average Power RF Power Range Peak/Average Ratio, Max Measurement Uncert. 0.15 – 150 W 12 dB ± (4% of reading ± 0.05 W)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% Match Measurement Measurement Range: Return Loss Rho () VSWR Forward Power, Min Measurement Uncert.
Peak Envelope Power RF Power Range Measurement Uncert.: burst width > 200 μs 1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs burst width < 1 μs burst width < 0.5 μs Minimum Pulse Width: 4.0 – 400 Wa ± (7% of reading + 0.2 W)b ± (10% of reading + 0.4 W)b ± (15% of reading + 0.4 W)b ± (20% of reading + 0.4 W)b 400 ns a. Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR. See Figure 8 on page 19. b. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W) Figure 8 Max.
Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 50/D mW)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% ** Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display method. Crest Factor RF Power Range Measurement Uncert. 0.15 to 150 W average, 4 W minimum peak Linear sum of peak and average power uncertainty Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) Measurement Range* 0.1 to 100% Measurement Uncert. ± 2% Threshold Level Range 2 to 400 W peak Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert.
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m) Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm) Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.
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5016D Specifications Sensor Characteristics Frequency Range RF Power Range Maximum Power Impedance, Nominal Insertion Loss, Max: 0.35 – 1 GHz 1 – 4 GHz Input VSWR, Max: 0.35 – 2.5 GHz 2.5 – 4 GHz Directivity, Min: 0.35 – 3 GHz 3 – 4 GHz RF Connectors Interface: DPM PC Serial Port PC USB Port Power Supply: DPM USB Port DC Connector Data Logging 350 MHz to 4 GHz 25 mW – 25 W Average, 1W to 60 W peak See Figure 9 on page 24. 50 ohms 0.05 dB 0.1 dB 1.05 1.
Average Power RF Power Range 25 mW to 25 W Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading + 8 mW)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% Match Measurement Measurement Range: Return Loss Rho () VSWR Forward Power, Min Measurement Uncert. Figure 9 0 to 23 dB 007 to 0.999 1.15 to 99.9 0.1 W See Figure 10 on page 25.
Peak Envelope Power RF Power Range Measurement Uncert.: burst width > 200 μs 1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs burst width < 1 μs burst width < 0.5 μs Minimum Pulse Width: 1.0 W – 60 Wa ± (7% of reading + 0.05 W)b ± (10% of reading + 0.1 W)b ± (15% of reading + 0.1 W)b ± (20% of reading + 0.1 W)b 400 ns a. Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR. See Figure 10 on page 25. b. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W) Figure 10 Max.
Burst Average Power Power Range 1.0 W – 25 W average Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB peak/average ratio) Duty Cycle (D)** 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period) Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 8/D W)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% ** Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display method. Crest Factor RF Power Range 25 mW to 25 W average Measurement Uncert.
Physical and Environmental Specifications Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F) Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F) Mechanical Shock and Vibration MIL-PRF-28800F class 3 Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing) Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m) Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm) Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.
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5017D Specifications Sensor Characteristics Frequency Range 25 MHz to 1 GHz RF Power Range 500 mW to 500 W average, 13.3W to 1300 W peak Maximum Power See Figure 10 on page 25. Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms Insertion Loss, Max: 25 – 50 MHz 0.05 dB Input VSWR, Max: 25 – 1000 MHz 1.
Average Power RF Power Range 500 mW – 500 W Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB ± (4% of reading + 166 mW)a Measurement Uncert. a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% Match Measurement Measurement Range: Return Loss Rho () VSWR Forward Power, Min Measurement Uncert. Figure 11 0 to 23 dB 0.07 to 1.0 1.15 to 99.9 0.05 W See Figure 11 on page 30.
Peak Envelope Power RF Power Range Measurement Uncert.: burst width > 200 μs 1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs burst width < 1 μs burst width < 0.5 μs Minimum Pulse Width: 13.3 – 1300 Wa ± (7% of reading + 0.7 W)b ± (10% of reading + 1.4 W)b ± (15% of reading + 1.4 W)b ± (20% of reading + 1.4 W)b 400 ns a. Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR. See Figure 12 on page 31. b. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W) Figure 12 Max.
Burst Average Power Power Range 13 – 500 W average Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB Peak/Avg ratio) Duty Cycle (D)** 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period) Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 166/D mW)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% ** Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display method. Crest Factor RF Power Range 500 mW to 500 W average, 13.3W minimum peak Measurement Uncert.
Physical and Environmental Specifications Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F) Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F) Mechanical Shock and Vibration MIL-PRF-28800F class 3 Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing) Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m) Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm) Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.
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5018D Specifications Sensor Characteristics Frequency Range 150 MHz to 4.0 GHz RF Power Range 100 mW to 25 W average, 60 W peak Maximum Power See Figure 10 on page 25. Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms Insertion Loss, Max: 150 – 1000 MHz 0.05 dB from 0.15 to 1.0 GHz 1000 – 4000 MHz 0.01 dB from 1.0 to 4 GHz Input VSWR, Max: 150 – 2500 MHz 1.05 from 0.15 to 2.5 GHz 2500 – 4000 MHz 1.10 dB from 2.
Power Supply: DPM USB Port DC Connector From host instrument via cable less than one low-power USB load 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA Data Logging In VPM software Average Power RF Power Range 25 mW – 25 W Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading + 0.008 mW)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% Match Measurement Measurement Range: Return Loss Rho () VSWR Forward Power, Min Measurement Uncert. 36 0 to 23 dB 0.07 to 1.0 1.15 to 99.9 0.1 W See Figure 11 on page 30.
Figure 13 Match Measure Uncertainty 4 Uncertainty(dB) 2 0 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -2 -4 -6 Return Loss Peak Envelope Power RF Power Range Measurement Uncert.: burst width > 200 μs 1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs burst width < 1 μs burst width < 0.5 μs Minimum Pulse Width: 4 – 60 Wa ± (7% of reading + 0.05 W)b ± (10% of reading + 0.1 W)b ± (15% of reading + 0.1 W)b ± (20% of reading + 0.1 W)b 400 ns a. Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR. See Figure 12 on page 31. b.
Figure 14 Max. Peak Power 10000 VSWR=1 VSWR=1.5 Power (Watts) VSWR=3 1000 100 0.1 1 10 Frequency (GHz) Burst Average Power Power Range 25 mW – 25 W average Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB Peak/Avg ratio) Duty Cycle (D)** 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period) Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 0.008/D W)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% ** Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display method.
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) Measurement Range* 0.1 – 100% Measurement Uncert. ± 2% Threshold Level Range 25 mW to 60 W Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert. + 2% * Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display method.
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5019D Specifications Sensor Characteristics Frequency Range 25 MHz to 1.0 GHz RF Power Range 100 mW to 100 W average, 2.6 to 260 W peak Maximum Power See Figure 10 on page 25. Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms Insertion Loss, Max: 25 – 1000 MHz 0.05 dB Input VSWR, Max: 25 – 1000 MHz 1.
Average Power RF Power Range 100 mW – 100 W Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB ± (4% of reading + 166 mW)a Measurement Uncert. a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% Match Measurement Measurement Range: Return Loss Rho () VSWR Forward Power, Min Measurement Uncert. Figure 15 0 to 23 dB 0.07 to 1.0 1.15 to 99.9 0.3 W See Figure 11 on page 30.
Peak Envelope Power RF Power Range Measurement Uncert.: burst width > 200 μs 1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs burst width < 1 μs burst width < 0.5 μs Minimum Pulse Width: 2.6 – 260 Wa ± (7% of reading + 0.7 W)b ± (10% of reading + 1.4 W)b ± (15% of reading + 1.4 W)b ± (20% of reading + 1.4 W)b 400 ns a. Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR. See Figure 12 on page 31. b. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W) Figure 16 Max.
Burst Average Power Power Range 2.6 – 100 W average Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB Peak/Avg ratio) Duty Cycle (D)** 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period) Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 166/D mW)a a. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3% ** Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display method. Crest Factor RF Power Range 100 mW to 100 W average, 2.6 W minimum peak Measurement Uncert.
Physical and Environmental Specifications Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F) Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F) Mechanical Shock and Vibration MIL-PRF-28800F class 3 Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing) Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m) Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm) Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.
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Limited Warranty All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples.
