I MUTIUC MIL-STD-1472E 3I October 1996 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-1472D 10 February 1994 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD HUMAN AMSC TU/A ~[STRJIN.
MII..-ST1472E2E FOWWORD” 1. Tlis standard has been approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This standard establishes general human engineering criteria for design and development of Military systems, equipment and facilities. 1ts purpose is to present human engineering design criteria, principles and practices to be applied in the design of systems, equipment and facilities so as to: a. Achieve required performance by operator, control and maintenance personnel h.
Ml L-STD- 1472E CONTENTS PAGE PARAGUPH FOREWORD SCOPE :,1 1.2 1.3 ::: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....------.--— . ..-. -.— --- —- —..——.- .. Scope -------------------------------------..-----——-----Purpose -------- --.----. -------- .-. —------— —----—--————--—Application ---------------------------—— ---—--—---..------.-.—Foree Limits ------—-—-—---— —-—--— -.--—--——--——-—Manufaeturing tolerances---—-——— 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2,4 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ---------------------- -------- ..- —-.
MIL-STD- 1472E PAGE PARAGRAPH 5.2.6 5.2.6.1 5.2.6.2 5.2.6.3 5.2.6.4 5.2.6.5 5.2.6.6 5.2.6.7 5.2.6.8 5.2.6,9 ----Other displays .. ... .. . .----... ----- ..-—---—.———————— --------------------.. -------.-.--.--. -----—----—-. ----. --.
MIL-STD-1472E PAGE PARAGRAPH 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.7.4 5.7.5 5.7.6 5.7.7 5.7.8 5,7.9 88 Workspace design .
MIL-STD- 1472E PAGE PARAGRAPH 5.12.3 5.12.4 5.12.5 5.12.6 5.12.7 5.12.8 5.12,9 146 Controls .--------------------------------------------------operational instructions - . ...-. --—---.--. -—— —------. — --------------148 .. .
M[L-STD-1472E FIGURE 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23-28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 PAGE Discrete Thumbwheel control----—— ---.----.. .. ...-- —------------------------- 51 Knobs —----- .... .. .------- .-. -..-— --- .---— —.--——--— ---- --- 53 ——---. . -.-- ———. ---— ——-... --.-54 Ganged k!lObS . .-— ——--— ———— Thumbwheel adjustment —-——— 55 --.--—-~ cranks ---------------–---——— ---------- ~—----.
MIL-STD-1472E PAGE TABLE v VI VII VIII Ix x XI XII XIII-XVIII XIX xx XXI XXI 1 XXIII xxv xxv XXVI XXVII mvIII XXIX ----Functional evaluation of audio signals ------------------------------------: Intelligibility eritcria fbr voice communication SYSWrnS-—--—— ------------Minimum, edge-to-edge separation distances for controls -------------------44 Advantages and disadvantages of various types of coding ----------------------- 45 Hmdwheels --------------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-STD-1472E i. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This standard establib general human engineering design criteria for rni]i~ systems, subsystems, equipment and facilities. 1.2 PurDose. The purpose of this standard is to present human engineering des~gn criteri% principles, and practices to ac~:ve mis&on succms through integmti?n of the hmt? the system, subsystem, equipment and faclhty, and aciueve effectiveness, sunphclv, ei%ciency, rehabiliu, and safety of system operation, training, and maintewce. i.3 Amiication.
MIL-STD-1472E 1.4 Force limits. If it is known that an item is to be used by an already established military occupational specialty, for which physical qualification requirements for entry into that speckdty are also establish any discrepancy hetwem the force criteria of this standmd and the physical qualification requirements shall be resolved in favor of the latter.
MIL-STD-1472E HANDBOOKS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-HDBK-454 DOD-HDBK-743 MIL-HI)BK-759 MIL-HDBK-1473 MIL-HDBK-1908 - General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment Anthropometry of US Military Personnel Human Factors Engineering Design for Army Materiel Standard General Requirements for Color and Marking Definitions of Human Factors Terms (Unless otierwise indicated, copies of federal and miiitary specifications, standards, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order desk 700 Robbins
MIL-STD-1472E AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND lvf/+TERIALS(ASTM) ASTM E 380 - ASTMF 1166 - Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (S1)(The Modernized Metric System) (DoD Adopted) Standard practice for Human Engheering des&n Criteria for Marine systems equipment and fmilities (DoD Adopted) (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohoeken, PA 19428-2959.
M1l.-STD-1472E operator capabilities. Design shall also minimize personnel and training requirements witlin the limits of time, cost, and performance trade-offs. 4.2 Standardiition. Qmtro!s, displays, marking, coding, labeling, and arrangement schemes (equipment and panel layout) shall be uniform for common functions of all equipment. Criterion for selecting off-the-shelf cornrnmial or Government equipment shall be the degree to which the equipment confoxmsto this standard.
MIL-STD-1472E j provision of acceptable personnel accommodations including body support and restraint, seating, rest, and sustenance, i.e., oxygen, food, water, and waste management. k, provision of non-restrictive personal life support and protective equipment; 1. provisions for minimizing psychophysiological stress effects of mission duration and fatigue; m.
MIL-STD-1472E c. Maintenance of the equipment’s inherent NBC hardness shall not be dependent on maintenance personnel expertise and critical alignmentdmaintenance actions. 4.11 Desire for electroma~netic ~ulse (EMP) hardening. As applicable, equipment design shall be compatible with EMP hardening requirements, including personal amornmodations such as EMPhardened electrical power outlets and antenna lead-ins within EMP-hardened fmilities or spaces.
MIL-STD-]472E 5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Control-disdaY intimation. 5.1.1 General criteria. 5.1.1.1 Relationship. The relationships of a control to its associated display and the display to the control shall be immediately apparent and unambiguous to the operator. A mttml should be located adjacent to (normally under or to the right of) its associated display and positioned so that neither the control nor the hand normally used for setting the control will obscure the display. 5.1.1.
MIL-STD-1472E associated with emergency operations) shall be outlined with a 1.5 mm (1/16 in) black border (27038 of FED-STD-595), and those involving emergency or extremely critical operations shall be outlined with a 5 mm (3/16 in) red border(21136 of FED-STD-595). t% an alternate method, contrasdng color pads or patches maybe used to designate both critical and noncritical functional areas, subject to prior approval by the procuring activity.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.1.3 Movement relationship.m 5.1.3.1 Lackofambitity. Display indicators shall clearly and unambiguously dkect and gui& the appropriate cmntrolresponse. The response of a display to control movements shall be consistent, predictable, and compatible with the operatofs expectations. 5.1.3.2 Tie lag. The time lag between system response to a control input and display presentation of that response shall be minimi@ consistent with safe and effective system operation. 5.1.3.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.1.4.2 Ramze of disulay movement. When a wide range of display element movement is required, small movement of the control sha[l yield a large movement of the display element. When a small range of display movement is required, a large movement of the control shall result in small movement of the display, consistent with fml accuracy required. 5.1.4.3 Knob, coarse setting. When a knob is provided for making coarse display element settings on linear scales- 0.4 to 2.5 mm (0.016 to 0.
\ MIL-STD- 1472E 5.2 Visual displays. 5.2.1 GeneraL Visual displays should be used to provide the operator with a ckar inckation of equipment or system conditions fm opemtion under any eventuality eolnm~te with the operational and maintenance philosophy of the system under design. 5.2.1.1 Alertin@wam.ing. An akrtinghming display shall provide the opemtor with a greater probability of detecting the triggering condition than normal observation would provide in the absence of the display. 5.2.1.
MI I.-STD-1472E 5.2.1.3.4. Redundancy. Redundant information shall not be displayed to a single operator unless it is requmed to achieve specified reliability. 5.2.1 .3,5 Combininjzo matorhtmintainer information. Operator and maintainer information shall not be combined in a single display unless the information conten~ forma~ and timeliness qpofi tie needs of both users. 5.2.1 .3.6 Display failure clarity.
MIIATD-1472E FImRE 1. Lines of sight 5.2.1.4.S ~. Vibmtion of *u~ ~P~aYSs~ level required for mission accomplishment (see 5.8.4.2). not d~~de ~ @~* ~low’ tie 5.2.1.4.6 ~. All displays necessary to support an operator activity or sequence of activities, shall be grouped together. . Displays sha!l be arranged in relation to one another 5.2.1.4.
MIL-STD-1472E 16° WTIMUM 16°OPTIMUM # o & MAXIMUM ‘~”’””” ~~; EYE ROTATION 0° OPTIMUM d d’ MAXIMUM MAXIMUM \~ 07’”” @~ 35? MAXIMUM HEAD ROTATION l& OPTIMUM 16°OPTIMUM 90° MAXIMUM / ( l!f OPTIMUM ~ 9!# MAxrMuM c‘ S& MAXIMUM ‘“ ( ‘o~% %@r Q~E Ck=’JK I 15°OPTIMUM HEADANDEYEROTATION
MIL-STI.)-!472E 5.2.1.4.13 Aircrew station simmls, Important or frequently used pilot or co-pilot station displays shall be placed in the prime visual signal area (PVSA) (see MIL-HDBK- 1908) or otherwise highlighted. If a large number of important and frequently used displays exists, important displays shall be the higher priority for placement in the PVSA. Criteria appearing ekwhere in this section do not apply to pilot and co-pilot stations (see 5.14.2.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.2.2.1.5 Grouping. Master caution, master warning, master advisory and summation lights used to indicate the condition of an entire subsystem shall be set apart from the lights which show the status of the subsystem components, except as rquid by 5.2,2.1.8. 5.2.2.1.6 Location.
MIIXTD-1472E imposing personnel safety hazards. 5.2.2.1.17 Indicator covers. If the design of legend screen or indicator covers does not prevent inadvertent interchange, a means shall be provided for checking the covers after installation to ensure they are properly installed. 5,2.2,1.18 Color coding.
?vIIIATD-1472E conditions to designate displays which have physical appearance similar to legend switches on the same panel. 5.2.2.2.4 Lettering. The size and other characteristics of lettering shall conform to 5.5 herein. 5.2.2.2.5 Visibility and legibility. In other than aircrew stations, and with the exception of warning and caution indicators, the lettering on single-legend indicators shall be visible and legible whether or not the indicator is energized. 5,2.2.2.6 Multi-function legends.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.2.2.4 Transilh.uninated panel assemblies. 5.2.2.4.1 ~. Transilluminamd (integrally lighted) panel assemblies may be used to provide: a. illuminated labels for a control panel, b. a light source for illuminating tmnsilluminateci control knobs, c. illuminated association markings on a control panel (e.g., comczting lines between controls, outlines around a functionally-related gToupof controls or displays), or d.
MUATD-1472E :1
MIHWD-1472E 5.2.3 .1.5.2 Intermediate marks. The number of minor or intermediate marks between numbered scale pointers shall not exceed nine. 5.2.3.1.6 Numerals. 5.2.3 .1.6.1 Major marks. Except for measurements that are normally expressed in decimals, whole numbers shall be used for major graduation marks. 5.2.3 .1.6.2 StartinRpo int. Display scale shall start at zero, except where this would be inappropriate for the function involved. 5.2.3.1.7 Pointers. 5.2.3 .1.7.
MUAYI’’D-1472E
MIL-STD-1472E 5.2.3 .1.5.2 intermediate marks. The number of minor or intermediate marks between numbered scale pointers shall not exceed nine. 5.2.3.1.6 whole Numerals. 5.2.3 .1.6.1 Maior marks. Except for measurements that are notmally expressed in decimals, numbers shall be used for major graduation marks. 5.2.3 .1.6.2 Startirwpo int. DispIay scale shall start at zero, except where this would be inappropriate for the function involved. 5.2.3.1.7 Pointers. 5.2.3 .1.7.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.2.3.2.2 Orientation. Numbers shall be oriented in the upright position. 5.2.3.2.3 Circular scales. 5.2.3.2.3. 1 ScaIe reading and Winter movement. The magnitude of the scale reading shall increase with clockwise movement of the pointer. 5.2.3 .2.3.2 Zero POsition and direction of movement. When positive and negative values are displayed around a zero or a null position, the zero or null point shall be located at either the 12 or 9 o’clock position.
m CQ o w/& 10 FOR MAXIMW \ READING ACCURACY (THE POINTER IS AN EQUAL DISTMCE NOMINAL 0,6-1.6 mm (0.~l+Wl im) - FROM ALL SCALE MARKS, NEVER OVERLAppfNQ ANY MARK OR NIJMERA~} I II TO PREVENT OR MINIMIZE ALTERNATE READING FORMAT FOR GROS PARALLAX OF NUMBERS a, .
MIIAYIT)-1472E 5.2.3.3 Fixed-po inter, mcwin~-scale displays. 5.2.3,3,1 Numerical Procession. Numbers shall progress in magnitude in clockwise direction around the faces of circular dials (counter-clockwise dial movement for numerical increase). On venkd or horizontal straight scales, numbers shail increase from bottom to top or from left to right. 5.2.3.3.2 Orientation. Numerals shall be upright when in the reading position. 5.2.3.3.3 A.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.2.4.4 Faint signals. When [he detection of faint signals is requiti and when the ambient illuminance may be above 2,7 lux (0.25 ft-c), scopes shall be hooded, shielded, or recessed. (A suitable falter system may be employed, subject to approval by the procuring activity.) 5.2.4.5 Luminance rame of adjacent surfaces. The luminance range of surfaces immediately adjacent to scopes shall be between 10% and 100% of semen baekgmund luminance.
5.5). The display shall not be closer [o any observer than 1/2 the display width or height, whichever is greater. 5.2.5.4 Physical internmtion of view. Large screen displays shall not be located with respect to critical observers so that the view of the display is obscured regularly by persons moving in normal traffic patterns. 5.2.5.
MIL-STD-]472E 5,2.6.2.5 Illumination. Counters shall be self-illuminated when used in areas in which ambient illumination will provide display luminance below 3.5 cd/m2 (1 ft-L). 5.2.6.2.60 Finish. The surface of the counter drums and sumounding areas shall have a matte finish to minirmze glare. 5.2.6.2.7 Contrast. Color of the numerals and background shall provide high contrast (black on white or converse, as appropriate). 5.2.6.3 Printm. 5.2.6.3.1 Use.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.2.6.4.6 Smud~indsmearing. The plot should resist smudging or smearing under operational use. 5.2.6.4.7 Annotation. Where applicable, plotters and recorders should be designed or mounted so that the operator can write on or mark the paper while it is still in the plotter or recorder. 5.2.6.4.8 Control, replenishment and service. Plotters and recorders shaUconform to criteria herein with regard to: a.
MII#Il)-1472E TABLE IV. Group -.— .. . viewing ofoptical projection displays’ . FACTOR ““ Ratio of ‘“”-”-”-::laJ=@~:I viewing distance screen diagonal Angle off centerline 20’ Image luminance (no film in operating projector) 27-48 Cd/~* (8-14 ft-L) 35 Ccihl+ (10 ft-L) I ~ 17-70 Cd/d* (5-20 ft-L) I I ‘ Lurninanee variation across screen (ratio of maximum to minimum luminance) 1 3.0 1.
MILSTD-1472E limited in shadows and detail, such as animation and photographs with limited luminance range, the luminance ratio shall be not less than 25:1. For images which show a full range of colors (or grays in black-and-white photographs), the luminance ratio shall be not kss than 100:1. 5.2.6 .6.4.3.2 Direction of contrast. Contrast maybe either light on a dark background or vicevers~ except where superposition is used.
MUATD-1472E 5.2.6.8,6 Viewing angle. The optimum viewing angle is perpendicular to the display. Viewing angle of matrix or segmented displays should be not more than 35° off axis. 5.2.6.8.7 Emitter edor. Monochromatic displays shall use the following colors in order of preference: green (555 rim), yellow (575 rim), orange (585 rim), md red (660 rim). Blue emitters should be avoided. The sekcted color should be visible through laser protective (or other) eyewear required to be worn by the user. 5.2.6.8.
MIL-STD-1472E 5,3 Audio dimkws. 5.3.1 General. 5.3,1.1 ~. Audio displays should be provided under the following conditions: a. The information to be processed is short, simple, and transitory, requiring an immediate or time-based response. b, The common mode of visual display is restricted by over-burdening; ambient light variability or limitation; operator mobility; degradation of vision by vibration, high g-forces, hypoxi~ or other environmental considerations; or anticipated operator inattention. c.
MIL-STD- 1472E TABLEV. Functional evaluation of audio signals . . !4 Q FU?WITON TONES (F&kdic) TYPEOF SIGNAL SPEECH COMPLEX SOUNDS (Non-Periodic) — QU/WIl’TATfVE INDICATION QUALITATIVE INDICATION POOR POOR Maximum of 5 to 6 tones absolutely recognizable interpolation between signals inaccurate. imate valueand direction Difficult to judge approximate &vition of deviation fromnull fromdesiredvalue. setting unless presentd in close temporal sequence.
MM’I’’D-1472E 5,3.2.4 Relation to visual dis~lays, When used in conjunction with visual displays, audio warning devices shall be supplementary or supportive. The audio signal shall be used to alert and direct operator attention to the appropriate visual display, 5.3.3 Characteristics of audio wamin~ simmls. 5.3.3.1 Freuuency. I 5.3.3.1.1 Rarme. The frequency range shall be between 200 and 5,000 Hz and, if possible, between 500 and 3,000 Hz.
MII#ID-1472E headset. Such sounds may include voices, machine noise that indicates wear or malfunction and other audible indications of system performancdmission status. 5.3.4.3 Discriminability. 5.3.4.3.1 Use of different characteristics. When several different audio signals are to be used to alert an operator to different types of conditions, discriminable difference in intensity or pitch, or use of beats and harmonics shall bc provided.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.3,4,4.2 Acoustic environrnen(. Established signals shal! be used, provided they are conmatible with the acoustic environment and the requirements specified herein for the voice communication system. Standard signals shall not k used to convey new meanings. 5.3.4.5 Masking 5.3.4.5.1 Other critical channels. Audio warning signals shall not interfere with any other critical fimctions or warning signals, or mask any other critical audio signals. 5.3.4.5.2 Setmrate channels.
— MII/STD-1472E 5.3.6 Controls for audio warning devices. 5.3.6.1 Automatic or manual shut-off. When an audio signal is designed to persist as long as it useful information, a shut-off switch, controllable by the operator, the sensing mechanism, or both, shall be provided, depending on the operational situation and safety factors. contributes 5.3.6.2 Automatic rtwt. Whether an audio warning signal is designed to be terminated manually, or both, an automatic reset function shall be provided.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5,3.7.4 Pre-emPhasis. If necessary, speech system input devices should employ frequency preemphasis with a positive slope frequency characteristic no greater than 18 dB per octave from 140 to 1,500 to and no greater than 9 dB per octave over the frequency range 1,500 to 4,800 Hz, when no clipping is used. 5.3.7.5 Peak+lir.minR ofs txzch simxals.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.3.8.4 Headsets. lflisteners wil!woti inhighambtent noiw(85dBA orabve), binaural rather than monaural headsets shall be provided. Unless operational tequitments dictate otherwise, binaural headsets shall be wired so that the sound reaches the two ears in opposing phases. Their attenuation qualities should be capable of reducing the ambient noise level to less than 85 dBA. Provisions should be incorporated to furnish the same protection to those who wear glasses. 5.3.
MIL-STD-1472E a. The standard method of measuring phonetically balanced (PB) monosyllabic word intelligibility, ANSI S3.2, should be used when high test sensitivity and accumcy are required. b. The modified rhyme test (MRT) (see Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design) should be used if the test requirements are not as stringent or if time and training do not permit the use of the ANSI method. c.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.4 Controls. 5.4.1 General criteria. 5.4.1,1 Selection. 5.4,1 .1.1 Distribution of work load. Controls shall be selected and distributed so thatnone of the operator’s limbs will be overburdened. 5.4.1 .1.2 G-loading. Where applicable, control selection shall consider operation under variable g-loading on the operator. 5.4.1 .1.3 Multimtation controls. Mtdtirotation controls shall be usc.dwhen precision is required over a wide range of adjustment. 5.4.1 .1.4 Detent controls.
MII/STD-1472E 5.4.1 ,3.3 Location of PrimMYcontrols. The most important and frequently used controls (PticuladY rotary controls and those requiring fme settings) shall have the most favorable position for ease of reaching and grasping. 5.4.1.3.4 Consistency. The arrangement of functionally similar, or identical, prirnaty controls shall be consistent fkom panel to panel throughout the system, equipment, or vehicle, e.g.
MIL-STD- 1472E TABLE VII. Minimum, edge-to-edge separation distances for controls . ROTARY DISCRETE SELHXOR THI.JMBWHEEL CONTROLS Swrram CONTROLS CONTINUOUS TOOGLE Swrrcm PusmmNsl SEE FIG 13 13 mm (0.5 in) 13 mm (0.5in) 19 mm (0.75 in) (0,75in) 13 mm (0.5 in) (0.5in) 13mm (0.5in) 13 mm (0.5in) SEE FIG 7 25 mm (1.0 in) 19 mm(0.75 in) 13 mm SEE FIG 11 19 mm Comous ROTARY CONTROLS ROTARY SELECN)R DISCRETE THUMBWHEEL CONTROLS (0.5in) 19mm(0.75m) 13 mm 19mm (0.75 13 mm (0.
MIL-STD-1472E TABLE VHI. Advantages anddisadvanttages ofvarious types of coding TYPEOFCODING MODEOF ADVANTAGES LOCATIONSHAPE SIZE OPERATION LABELING ~ x x x x x x (When trans- (When trans- illuminated) illuminated) Improvesvisual identification x x x improvesnonvisuatidentification(tactuatand kinesthetic) X x x x Helps standardization. x x x Aids identification under low x x x levels of illumination and colored lighting.
MILSTD-1472E 5.4.1.8 Prevention of accidental actuation, 5.4.1.8,1 Location and dcsi~n, Controls shall be designed and located so that they are not susceptible to being moved amidentally, partietdarly critical controls whose inadvertent operation might cause equipment damage, personnel injury, or system performance degradation. 5.4.1 .8,2 Internal controls.
MILSTD-1472E d. a safety “shut-down” control is required during an operation in which the operator’s hands cannot be freed to reach a safety switch. 5.4.1,8.6.2 Avoidance. Foot operated controls should not be used when: a. a standing operator is confronted with a sensitive balancing requirement (e.g., a moving platform where balancing on the non-operating foot may become difficult as the operating foot is moved from a support to actuating position), b. precise control operations are required, or c.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.4.2.1.1.1 @. Rotary selector switches (see Fig. 4) should be used for discrete functions when three or more detented positions are required. Rotary seleetion switches should not be used for a two-position function unless prompt visual identification of control position is of primary importance and speed of control operation is not critical. 5.4.2 .1.1.2 MovimzDOinter. Rotary selector switches should be desigtd with a moving pointer and a fixed scale. 5.4.2 .1.1.3 Shax.
ML-STD-1472E a. Rotary switch positions shall not be placed opposite each other UnlWSknob shape precludes confusion as to which end of the knob is the pointer. b. Switch msistsnce shall be elastic, buiid up, then deomase as each position is approached, so that the control snaps into position without stopping between adjacxmt positions. 5.4.2.1.1.5 m. A xt?ferenceline shall be provided on rotary switch controls.
M1U3TD-J472E 5.4.2 .1.2.2 Dimensions, displacement. and resistance. Dimensions, displacement, and resistance shalJ conform to the criteria in Flgum 5. 5.4.2 .1.2.3 Color, shape and size coding. Color, shape, or size coding or a combination may be used as follows: a. Color may be used to aid in identifying various keys by function or use location and when illumination is adequate to differentiate the colors. Red(11105or21105 of FED-STD-595) shall be reserved for emergency functions. b.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.4.2.1.3.5 ~. Where ambient illumination will provide display 5~4.2.L3.5.l ~, brightnessbelow 3.5 uVrnz(1 ft-L), the thumbwheelcharactersshall be internally Wrninated, appear againsta black back und, and have dimensionsapproximatingthe follow@ Might= 4.8 mm (3/16w),height-to-Wid r Rado = 3:2 and height-to-Stroke Width Ratio = 101. Where ambient illumination wiIl provide a display 5.4.2.1S.5.2 ~ luminance above 3.5 cdlmz (1 ft-L), internal illumination is not required.
MILATD-1472E 5.4.2.2 Continuousadjustmentrotarycontrols. 5.4.2.2.1 Knobs. 5.4.2 .2.1.1 ~. Knobs should be used when low forces or precise adjustments of a continuous variable are required. For most tasks, a moving knob with fixed scale is pmfemd over a moving scale with f~ed index. If positions of single revolution controls must be distinguished, a pointer or marker should be available on the knob. 5.4.2 .2.1.2 Dimensions, toraue and semration.
MILSI’D-1472E o —@ a 1 -r o c N ‘ii *-CL DIMENSIONS H D Height L- Thumb and Fin~or Encircled Fingertip Gmsp ● 3 D Diometor 13 Maximum 25 mm (1 In.) 100 mm 25 mm (1 In.) (4 in.) 75 mm (3 in.) TORQUE Polm Grosp D Diameter mm (1/2 In.) 10 mm (3/8 Irk) Minimum oc L Diameter Length 3a mm [1-lJ2ht.) 75 mm (3 In.) 75 mm (3 II-L) SEPARATION s * On. Hand ** t Individually Minimum #Asximum 32 mNin ~-l 12 im+z.) 42 mNin Hde 60 mm (2 tn.) w mm (2 h.] t 2S mm (6 h.
MIIAI’D-1472E — d!!b +- D] H2 —h ● Mnnsu m/mKAY I Assoc[mon I ✍ OK Iwo w Inolvmlw.lv no Uum Srnllwastv ! SLavtn 25 m O?TIMN SOm (2”) MXlkalm ●To %nater 32 m-m (4-1/2 fn. -oz.) 25 LB (l”) 75 m (39) lW = (4”) 42 d.= [6 In. -oz.) and lncludlng 25 m (1”) df~tar than MM o“) NIMMIH diautcr kmbs. Ms. FIGURE 8. Ganged knobs ‘IMnbwheels shll be orientedand move in the 5.4.2.2.3.2 ~ directions speeMedin Figtm 9.
other two-axis conrxollerswhereextreme precision is requiredin seuing mti w mtichx as in map readouts or optical sighting mechanisms (as opposedto tracking). ‘Rd.stype of control may also be used in other applicationsrequiring x-y control providedthereis no requirement for rapid or frequentoperation. ‘ile gear ratio and dynamic charactedsti of such cranks SW allow precise placement of the follower (e.g., crosshairs) without overshootingor undershootingand successive corrective movements. 1.
MIIA’TD-1472E Dimensions,resistanw and separation 5.4.2.2.4.3 pimens ions, resistance and sebetween adjacent sweptcircular areas of cranks shallconformto the criteria of F%ure 10. 5.4.2.2.4.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.4.2.2,5 Handwheels (two-hand operated). 5.4.2 .2.5.1 & Handwheels, designed for nominaI two-hand operation, should be used when the bmkout or rotational forces are too high to be easily overcome with a one-handed control, provided that two hands are available for this task. Typical applications are steering, latch securing, valve opening/closing, and direct-linkage adjustment. 5.4.2 .2.5.2 Turning aids.
MIIXI’D-1472E i I
MIHTD-1472E I a o m M a s. o n * iii M ....41 r 1 1i . .,,,. .
MIL+’I’D-1472E A channelor cover guard shall be provided when 5.4.3.1.1.4 channel or cover Q. accidental actuation of the controlmust be prevented. When a cover guard is in tie own position, it shall not interfere with opemtion of the protected deviceor adjacentcontrols. Except for use of push 5.4.3.1.1.5 ~nsions. ~UMUQQWWtioU buttons in keyboards,control dimensions,!Astance, dispkwemenland se~mtion between adjacent edges of finger or hand-operatedpushbuttons shaIl conformto the criteria m Figure 11. 5.4.
MJIATD-1472E 5.4.3.1.2 Foot or)erateds- . . 5.4.3.1.2.1 ~. Foot-operatedswitches should be used only wherethe opemQr is likely to have both hands occupied when switch actuation may b qti or wh~ lo~ s~.i! ~ong limbs is desirable. Because foot-operatedswitches are susceptibleto accidenti actuation, their uses should be limited to non-critical or infrequent operationssuch as press-to-talk communication or vehicle headlight dmming. 5.4.3.1.2.2 Operation.
M’ILSTD-1472E 5.4.3.1.3 Keyboards. 5.4,3 .1.3.1 ~. Arrangementsof ush buttons in the form of keyboardsshould be used when alphabetic,numeric,or specialfunctionin/’ormation is to be enteredinto a system. 5.4.3 .1.3.2 Layout and confirmation, The key configuration and the number of keys arc dependent upon the predominant type of information to be entered into the system. The major forms that keyboards can take, which aid in the entry of such information, am given below: a. Numeric keyboard.
MUA3TD- 1472E / TABLE X. Keyboards Dimensions Resistance “ Diameter (D)] Bamhand I 10 mm 19mm ~,, 13mm “@i Alphanumeric Numeric ArCdC rnittens2 IN 4N 19 mm [ .— Minimum Maximum 0.25 N 1.5N 1.5N 0.5- 0.6 N 19 mm —~ — 0.25 N Di lacement p a- Dual Numeric numeric Function 0.8 mm 1.3 mm 0.8 mm 4.8 mm 6.3 mm 4.8 mm I Separall“on (’betweenadjacentkey tops) 1~ 6.4 mm I 6.4 mm Preferred Ill —~ See Figure 11 . I I ‘Trigger fingerw Dimensions “ Diameter (D)] Barehand AnX.
MIL-ST’D-1472E 5.4.3 .1.4.4 pos itive indicati~. w indication of conuol actuationshall be provided (e.g., snap feel, audible click, or associated or integral light). s s & t- Q — -+ FIGURE 13. Toggle switches Toggle switches should be vertically oriented with OFF in the 5.4.3 .1.4.5 ~ down position. Horizontalo~entation and actuationof toggleswitches shall be used only for compatibility with the controlledfunction or equipmentlocation. swiJQf&. 5.4.3.1.55.43.15.1 ~ .
M~STD-1472E b. Thelegend shall belegible with orwithout internal illumination. c. A lamp test or dual lamp/ftient reliability shall be providedfor switch~ if tie mean time between failure is less than 100,000hrs. d. Lamps within the legend switch shall be replaceablefrom the front of the panel by hand and the legends or covers shall be kyed to prevent the possibilityof interchanging the legend covers, e. A legend plate shall not contain more than three Iine$of lettering.
MllATD- 1472E 5.4.3.1.6 Rocker switches. 5.4.3 .1.6.1 ~. Rwkcrswitches may& udinlieu oftoWlc switches for functions requiring two discrete positions. They may be used for applicationswhere toggle switchhandle protrusionsmight snag the operator’ssleeveor phone com or where there is insufficientpanel space for separate labelingof switchpositions.
MIL+T’D-1472E H NARROUUIDTH, ESPECIALLY STANDARD ROCKER SWITCH: USE AS ALTERNATE TWO-POSN TOGGLE SUITCHTO PROVIDE IA8ELING SURFACE, EASE OF COLOR CODING, SWITCH ILLU!41NATION. DESIRA8LE DEFINITION FOR TACTILE HYTH GLOVES. R oFF ALTERNATE (CONTRAST) COLOR FOR ON VERSUS OFF TO PROVIDE CONSPICUOUS CUE OFSWTCH POSITION. ILLUt+lINATED “ON” DESIRABLE AS SECOND FEEDBACK CUE . DIMENSIONS U, WIDTH P MINIMUM 6mn (1/4”) - 1311111 (1/2”) ] 3m DEPRESSEll (1/3111 (1OOZ.) (4002.
.— MIHTD-1472E I“t’1 iT RESISTANCE DI14ENSIONS H ACTUATOR HEIGNT ** ● 6 mn (1/4”) MINIMUM UIDTN 61Nn (1/8”) 13 Inn (1/2”) -- -- MAXIMUM ACTUATO! 25mn ;1”) SK4LL SW?TCN LARGE SUTTCN 2.8N(1OOZ) 2.8N(1OOZ) 11N(40 4.5N(160z) OZ.) b SEPARATION, SINGLE SINGLE FINGER OPERATION f41NlMUM 19 m OPTIMUM 5ollnl(2”) S FINGER SEQUENTIAL OPERATION (3/4”) SIMULTANEOUS OPERATION BY DIFFERENT FINGERS 1311m (1/2”) 16mn (5/8”) 25trun(1”) 19 Iml(3/4”) ●Use by bare finger.
MIL-STD-1472E an ON-OFF/Volume switch for a TV monitor), A three-position push-pull control maybe used only where inadvertently selecting the wrong position has no serious consequences (e.g., older vehicle headlight controls-OfflPark/Headlight-with integrated rotary panel light and dome light switches). 5.4.3 .1.8.2 Handle dimensions. displacement and clearances. Push-Pull control handles shall conform to criteria in Table XI. 5.4.3 .1.8.3 Rotation.
MILSXD-1472B .F&* F . w mm (u — & 7! “f o -L 7’- % T ‘== / “1 .
MIL-STD- 1472E d. Actuators shall have sufficient separation to permit emor-free manipulation by the operator (i.e.,the stylus cannot inadvertentlycontactadjacentactuators). 5,4.3 .1.9.3 Sham. The surface of the actuator shall be indented to accept the point of the stylus. The indentation shall be sufficiently deep to avoid slippage of the stylus during manipulation. 5.4.3.2 Continuous adjustment linear controls. 5.4.3.2.1 Levers. 5.4.3 .2.1.1 ~.
MII.ATD-1472E R’EM$TAMCC DIAMETER D F4~goc G*.* Mi.-tim.m tsmttnhd Ma ---- a6avm n Ead =19u o-m 16- 7-. 0.s H-d G,,sp O-lnld (d .2) Id.1) ~~ fJ b.) Hend& BNUd SN12M 13S N (30 Ibl One Tw. H-d SNOW Ourdbl 220 N [SOlbl PIUlds 60 N 120 lbl 135 N {30 lb} L SEPARATION DISPLACEMENT A FDfWOW4 (4-1) L91.,*1 (4.2) O** fired R8ndoa 1- n*mdc Sklulwnowaly r M.. Ptel., iawm 60 mm 12 in.! tOO mm red Me .im”al 360 nwll 1!4 h.] (d h.1 76mmlasm.1 17smm1ssn.
MILSTD-1472E backlash, cross-coupling, or need for multiple corrective rnovcments. Control ratios, friction, and inertia shall meet the dual requimnents of rapid gross positioning and precise fm positioning. When a joystick is used for generating fteedrawn graphics, the CRT refresh rate shall be sufficiently high to display the follower as a continuous track. Delay between control movement and the confting display response shall be minimized and shall be not more than O. I second. 5.4.3 .2.2.1.
MxM’ID-1472E r- h I RESISTANCE D1MENS1ONS DfAM L LENGTH A MINIMUM 6.5 nun (1/4”) 75 Inn (3”) 3.3 N (12 oz. ) t4AXIMUM 16 m (5/8”) 150mll (6”) 8.9 N (32 OZ. ) ‘Mdrnlmuu! stick cxcurslon CLEARANCE DISPLACEMENT ~raci(45°) DISPtAY CL AR;UND STICKFCL TC WF~F F- o * 120 nun (4-3/4”) 400 ml (15-3/4”) ’25011’m’l , (9-7/8”) ——.. .
MIIAT’D-1472E follower (cursor or tracking symbol) to transit beyond the edge of the display, indicatom shall be provided in order to aid the operator in bringing the follower back onto the display. 5.4.3 .2,3.1 Hand-operated. 5,4.3 .2.3.1.1 SBific Use In addition to general use, hand-operated isometric joysticks may be used as vehicle controllers, aiming sensors, and mounting platforms for secondary controls, such as thumb- and finger-operated switches.
IvflL-S’TD-1472E A “’’’’’ +M [ ‘x \.~” C+D F~ I * DIMENSIONS A D ‘lM MINIMUM E?YCY& M4XIMUM PRECIS1ON REQUI RED VIBRATION OR ACCEL CONOITIONS 50 ml CLEARANCE s DISPLAY c CL TO BALL CL o (2”) I RESISTANCE 1000 150 ml (6”) 1.ON 1400 PREFERRED 100 null (4”) 1200 ~—- (3.6 OZ. ) 0.3 N (1.1 oz.) 1.7N (60z.
MU.ATD-1472E 5.4.3.2.5 Grid-and-stylusdevices. The following provisions cover techniques that use a means of establishingan x and y grid and a stylus for designatingspecificpoints on that grid for control purposes (e.g., time-shared x and y potential grids and a voltage-sensitive stylus), 5.4.3 .2.5.1 Armlication. Grid and stylus devices maybe used to pick off data from a CRT, enter points on a display, generate free-drawn graphics, and similar control applications.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.4.3.2.7 LiEhtt)en. 5.4.3 .2.7.1 Use. Alight penmaybe usedasa track-oriented readout devke. (Itmaybe positioned on the d~ay screen to detect a computer-generated track by sensing its refresh pattern; the display system will then present a follower (hook) on the designed track.
MLSTD-1472E Sw I++ --J+ MAXIMU I OIMIENSIONS H OISPLACEUENT w i NOISIII A Width 7s m Zsmmllw Nolmel n-v Amklo Op*roli@ *t* ?108i0n TOIOI L*D MO.mwt 13 mmIln$ll.}’ ZSK9W11MIJ mmalfl w (3 lnJ mmm(l h.] 6SWMU 0412Jm ssmmrwahd lsomm (71n) ReslsTANcc FOOtNOIR,SIIW ●n I k “’’’mum I I I Feat Pod.
. & c\“ ,.!:.. .’ , .2 MIL-STD-1472E Q L ...... ...... tu ...’ ?’) . .. . . ‘:,~~ .,:.:. . .... .. . . .... .. -........
MIIAI13-1472E 5.4.4.3 F oot control$. Where foot controls require high control forces, the p~h force exerted by the leg depends on the thigh angle and the knee angle. Figure 22 specifks the mCZU! maximum push at various knee and thigh angles. The maximum push is at about the 160°angle, referred to as the limiting angle. The values of Figure 22 apply to males onlyand should be eomcted for femaies. (Two-thirdsof eaeh value is consideredto be a reasonable adjustment (See Table I.) 5.4.5 -~ contro~ 5.4.5.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.4.6 Touch-screen controls for dkpIays 5.4.6.1 J@. Touch-w~n con~olmay kusdtopmvide noverlaying conVolfunction toa data display dewce such as CRTs,dot matrix/segmenteddisplays,electrohminesccnt displays, programmableindicators,or otherdisplay devices where direct visual reference access and optimum direct control access are desired. 5,4.6.2 Luminance transmission.
MIMTD-1472E 5.5 Labeling 5.5.1 General 5.5.1.1 Adkation. Labels, legends, placards, signs, markings, or a combination of these shall be provided whenever personnel must identify items (except where it is obvious to the observer what an item is and what he or she is to do with it), interpret or follow procedures or avoid hazards. 5.5.1.2 Label chmcteristics.
MIL-STD-1472E 5,5,4.5 Label life. Labels shall be mounled so as to minimize wear Orobscuremcnt by grease, grime, or dirt, and shall remain legible for the overhaul interval of the Iabeied equipment. 5,5.4.6 Contrast and backtzround. Label color shall contrast with the equipmentbackground specifiedin 5.7.9. Other label backgroundsmay be used only as approvedby the procuringactivity. 5.5.5 Desire of label characters. 5.5.5.1 Black charactem. Where the ambient illuminance will be above 10 lux (0.
MIMTD-1472E 5.5.5.12 Word spacing. Space between words shall be not less than the width of one character. 5.5.5.13 Line spacing. The minimum space between lines shall be one-half character height. 5.5.5.14 Size vs luminance. The height of letters and numerals shall conform to Table XII. 5.5.5.15 Character height and viewing distance. See Table XII. TABLE XII, Label size versus luminance MARKINGS HEIGHT1 3.5 Cdhd (1 ft—L) oVE3.5 cd/m2 OR BELOW Critical markings with position variable (e.g.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.5.6.2.3 Functionallabeling. Each control and display shall be labeled according to function. The followingcriteria shall apply: a, Similar names for different controls and displays shall be avoided. b. Instruments shall be labeled in terms of what is being measured or controlled, taking into account the user and purpose. c, ControI labeling shall indicate the functional result of control movement (e.g., increase, ON, OFF) arid may include calibration data where applicable.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.6 Anthropometry. 5.6.1 General Design and sizing shall ensu~ accommodation,compatibility,operability,and maintainabilityby the user population. Generally, design limits shall be based upon a range from the 5th pementile female (see Table I) to the 95th percentile male values for critical body dimensions, as appropriate, except for Naval aviator special populations (see 5.6.4).
MIL-STD-)472E 5.7 Works~ace desire. 5.7. 1 General Unlessotbwiwnoted, tkfollowing cri*tia a~lyto~und imMlationsmd, as practical,to airborneand shipbotudinstallations;however,where a visual display terminalis used fo; text processing, data entry, or data irtqui~ applications in an offke environnient or quivalent, see 5.16. 5.7.1.
MWSTD-1472E 5.7.3,1 Work surface width and depth. A lateral workspace not less than 76 cm (30 in) wide and 40 cm (16 in) deep shall be provided whenever practicable. 5.7.3.2 WodCsurface Mltit. Desk tops and writing tables shall be 74-79 cm (29 to 31 in) above the floor, unkas otherwise specified. 5.7.3,3 Writing surfaces. If consistent with operator reach mquiremcnts, writing surfaces on equipment consoles shall be not less than 40 cm (16 in) deep and should be 61 cm (24 in) wide. 5.7.3.4 Seating 5.7.3.4.
MIL-STD1472E For “sit” consoles requiring horizontal vision overthe top, critical 5.7.3.8 ~ visual warning displaysshall ~ mountednot less than57 cm (22.5 in) above the sitting surface. s,7.3.9 ~ Controls mountedon a verticalsurface md used in normal equipment operation shidl be located 20-86 cm (8 -34 in) above the sitting surface. (See Table L) Controls req~ precise or fiquent operationshall M 5.7*3*1O~ IocaWd20-74 cm (8 -29 in) above the sittingsurfacc. (s= %~~ L) . 5.7.
MIM’ID1472E o 1 ~ w WEIGHT [CLOTHED) WEARING FATIGUES & COMBAT BOOTS; STANDING IN CENTER OF SCALE FUNCTIONAL REACH - STANDING ERECT; LOOKING STRAIGHT AHEAD; BOTH SHOULDERS AGAINST WALL; RIGHT ARM HORIZONTAL. MEASURED FROM WALL TO TIP OF INDEX FINGER FJG[IRE 2Q Anthrqmmd?ic o 2 o 4 STATURE (CLOTHED) STANDING ERECfi HEELS TOGETHER; WEIGHT DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY ON BOTH FEET. MEASURED FROM STANDING SURFACE TO TOP OF HEAD.
_ _ MIL-STD-1472E o 5“ o o 6 OVERHEAD REACH HEIGHT STANOING WITH HEEU 23 Cm APART AND TOES 1S cm FROM WALL; ARMS EXTENDED 0VE?7HEAD WITH FISTS TOUCHING AND AGAINST WALL Ist PHALANGES HORIZONTAL. MEASURED FROM FLOOR TO HIGHEST POINT ON Ist PHALANGES 0 8 7 STANDING WITH FEET W CIII APART; BENDING OVER AND PUiCING PALMS OF THE HANDS ON KNEECAPS; ELBOWS AND KNEES LO.CKED; LOOKING FORWARD; HEAD TILTED As FAR BACK AS POSSIBLE, MfiASLJliEIJ FROM i-LOOR TO TOP OF HEAD.
M!H’IIM472E f o 9 OVERHEAD REACH, SllTING SITTING ERECT; RIGHT SIDE AGAINST WALL; RIGHT ARM EXTENDED UPWARD WITH PALM FLAT AGAINST WALL AND FINGERS EXTENDED. MEASURED FROM SITTING SURFACE TO TIP OF MIDDLE FINGER. 0 10 /Gil_ O 11 / KNEELING HEIGHT KNEELING WITH TOES EXTENDED AND LIGHTLY TOUCHING REAR WALL; TORSO ERECT WITH ARMS HANGING LOOSELY AT SIDES.
MILSTD-1472E o 13 o 14 BENT KNEE HEIGHT, SUPINE LYING SUPINE; KNEES RAISED UNTIL ANGLE BETWEEN UPPER AND LOWER LEGSAPPROXWAATES60°; TOES LIGHTLY TOUCHINQ WALI-. MEASURED FROM FLOOR TO HIGHEST POINT ON KNEES. HORIZONTAL LENGTH, KNEES BENT LYING SUPINE; KNEES RAISED UNTIL ANGLE BETWEEN UPPER AND LOWER LEGS APPROXIMATES 60°; TOES LIGHTLY TOUCHING WALL.
ML-STD-14721i 5.7.5 Standard console desire. (Where Table XX or Figure 30 is cited, also see Table 1.) 5.7.5.1 Dimensions. For purposes of standardization, dimensions of consoles and the units and racks which constitute operator work stations shouid confotm to Table XX and Figure 30. 5.7.5.2 Confi~uration~ The configurations represented in Table XX and Figure 30 may not be applicable to all design situations, Operational requi.mments may require unique design solutions.
MIMTD- 1472E TABLE XX. Standard ——...——.. .. —---.- ———-— _.— . SUQQESTED ToTETwmJsmE _.. —.— — 1,SIT (WITH VISION OVER TOP)’ UTANUNO 8WACE ~—A 1.170m 461n 1.336 m 62.6 n 1.436 m 56.5 In I ‘1 H (uWwlnND Su.u) ‘—-I —--- ..- wRBpumwui&E VERIK#.p.fL4SKlN Sl~ SSATMEmnT FRohlwsTHiT’ FROM SURFACE ~OFQ SWmm 25.5 h) MAXM4JM CONSOLE O&’5KvN) o c B C1Omm S2 M 910 mm 11 36 In Usmm 17bl 695 mm 32.6 695 mm 127.6 In ‘1 S8080:: 6M mm ES 660mm 1261In 910mm In 065 mm 27.
MIIATD-1472E K 1s deg l— 4J I tI < [ t * ~E t 7 G 1 c w 1 F F L+ D HEEL cATCH i J_ 4“ f t I. 4“ l-- l– KEY A B OPTIONAL — I mm —. DIMENSIONS MAXIMUMTOTAL CONSOLEHEIGHT FROM STANDING SURFACE SUGGESTEDVERTICAL DIMENSION OF PANEL. x x WRITING SURFACE: SHELF HEIGHT FROM STANDING 2 u w W SURFACE D SEAT HEIGHT OF .,G,. FROM STANDING E* MINIMUM Fe FOOT SUPPORT TO SITTING SEAT ADJUSTABILITY ii” MINIMUM I WRITING J MINIMUM K EYE LINE.
MIL31’’D-1472E FIGURE 31. Example of horizontal wrap-around console F~cTTRF ?? ‘1’yp FIGURE 32.
M5STD-1472E H ‘it- \ DIMENSION MINIMUM A Tr.ad depth (including nosing) B Riser 240 mm 0.1/2 height In.) 125 mm (5 in.) C Depthof nosing(whereapplicable) O MAXIMUM 19 mm 13/4 in.) 3m mm (12 h) 200 mm (8 In.) 36 mm (1-1/2 In.) RECOMMENDED 260-300 (11-12 mm in.) 165-180 mm(6.1/2 – 7 In.} 25 mm (1 In.] Width{handmil to handrail): One+my stairs 760 mm (30 In.) ... Two-waystairs 1220 mm (46 in.i ... E Overheed cieamrtm 1930 mm f76 In.) . .. 910 mm (36 Ird 1300 mm (51 h.
MIIATD-1472E t--l c ? L MINIMUM DIMENSION MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED A Tresd depthrange: For 50° rise 150 mm (6 tn.) For 75° rise(open laddersonly) 76 mm (3 in.] B Riser height 180mm C Width [handrail[o handrail) 630 mm [21in.) O Overheadclearance (7 in.) 1730 rnmd68 In.) E Heightof handrail(from leadingedga of traad) 880 mm (34 In.) F Handrail diameter 32 mm (1.1/4 In.) G Railclearancs fromwall 50 mm (2 in.1 250mm (10 Im) 216 mm (8-1/2 In.] 140 mm (51/2 100 mm [4 in.) in.
MIIATD-1472E MINIMUM DIMENSION A MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED Rung thickness: Wood 32 mm (1.1/81n. 38 mm {1.1/2 In.) 35 mm [1-3/8 In.) Protectod rnatal 19 mm (3/4 In.) 38 mm (1-1 /2 In.) 35 mm (1-3/8 In.1 Corrosiw metal 25 mm [1 in.) 38 mm 11-l121n.) 35 mm (1-3/6 In.1 B Rung spacing 230 mm (9 In.1 3BOmm (15 In.) 300 mm c Height, rung to landing lSOmm [6 In) 380 mm {15 in,} 3B0 mm (1 S In.) D Width betweenstringers 300mm(12tn.1 ... 460-WO mm (18-21 E Climbingclearancewidth 610 . ..
NllL-STD- 1472E Gumdrails should bprovided wound theo~ning atthetop ofeach fixed ladder. All fixed ladders more than 6 m (20 ft) high shall be equipped with, or include provision for, a safety device to provide positive protection from falls. 5.7.7.5 Ramps. 5.7.7.5.1 Cleating. Where special environmental conditions require ckating of pedestrian ramps, the cleats should be spaced 36 cm ( 14 in) apart and extend from handrail to handrail at right angles to the line of traffic. 5.7.7.5.2 Mixed traffic.
MUAT’D-1472E 5.7.8.2.3 Pimension$. Hatches shall accommodate suitably equipped and clothed user personnel in terms of limiting dimensions (see 5.6.3.3) for location and operability, and clearance dimensions (see 5.6.3.2) for size and passage factors. Where personnel must cxmy equipment through the hatch, allowance shall be made for clearance of suitably clothed 95ti ~~ntie hands andlor arms, as applicable. Where possible, hatch dimensions shaII confofm to the Wuhments of 5.7.8.3.
\ MIL-STD-1472E 5.7.9 Surface colors. 5.7.9.1 Army. Surface colors shall conform to MIL-HDBK- 1473 unless specified by the procuring activity. 5.7.9.2 Navy. Surface colors shall be as specified by the procuring activity. 5.7.9.3 Air Force. Surface CO1OHshall be selected from FED-STD-595 as follows: a. Console, rack and cabinet exteriors 24300 Green b. Panels 26492 Gray c. Non-critical functional grouping pads 26622 Gray d. Emergency/critical grouping pads 21136 Red e.
MfL-Sill-1472E 5.8 Environment. 5.8.1 - and air condititi. ve-. 5.8.1.1 u. Heating shall be provided within mobile personnel enclosures utid for detail work or occupied during extended periods of time to maintain interior dry bulb temperature above 10°C (50°F). Within permanent and semi-permanent facilities, provisions shall be made to maintain an effective temperature(ET) or corrected effective temperrttu.
— MIL-STD-1472E 1.0, I ( 1 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I 6 # \\ 0 10 ENCLOSURE 20 VOLUME 30 (m31PERSON) FIGURE39. VentUatIon requfrement$ NBC conditions, ventilation requirements shall be mod~led as required. Ventilation or other protectivemeasuresshall be providedto k~p gVawrs,d~~ ~d fire= wi~ he p-~ible ExposureLimits spedled by 29 CFR 1910and the limits specifiedin the Anerican Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial HygienistsThresholdLid Values.
\ MIL-STD-1472E = ● 1 o L * * m !-w: + o 6H IAI’UI“3&jn~3&j ~(),JvA WI o m ‘if+ ‘(’i,, , * Od: “~ ,,i, o .
M!L-STD-1472!i 5.8.2 Illurninance. Where equipment is to be used in enclosures and is not subjcxt to blackout or special low-level lighting requirements, illumination levels shall h as specified by Table XXI and shall be distributed so as to reduce glare and specular reflection. (Some unusual inspection tasks may require up to 10,000 lux (1,000 footcandles).) Capability for dimming shall be provided. Adequate illumination shtdl be provided for maintenance tasks.
MIL-sTD-1472E TABLE XXI. specific . task illumination requirements Illumination Levels Wotkareaoftypeol task Assembly, missile component Iux (footoandles~’ Miim Remmmdad 1075 (1 00) 540 (50) Assembly, general 540 (50) precise 810 (75) 1075 (100) 3230 (300) Bench work rough medium 540 (50 810 (75) rnedum fine fine 1615 (150) extra fine 3230 (300) Bomb shelters and mobile shelters, when used for rest and relief Business machine operation (calculator, digital input, etc.
MIHTD- 1472E TABLE XXI.
MIIATD-J472E TABLE XXII. Recommendations . . .. for display lighting Brightness Brightness Adjustment of markings Cdhl? (footlamberts) !— 1— Condition of use :: Red flood, indirect, or both, with operator choice 0.07-0.35 (0.02-0. 1) Continuous throughout range Indicator reading, dark adaptation not necessary but desirable Red or low-colortemperature white flood, indirect, or both, with operator choice 0.07-0.35 (0.02-1.
MIL-S’ID-1472E FAIRLY NOISY EXECUTIVE; STENOS ORAFTING: QuIET N41F6 ~WARTMENTS: QUIET TELEPHONE ~VER6AT10NS: SATISFACTORY VERY NOISY NOISY FAIR LY NOISY INTOLERABLY NOWY VERY NOISY NOISY ~DSRATELY NOI$Y SLIUMTLY DIFFICULT INTOLERABLY NOISY VERY NOISY NOISY DIFFIWLT UNSATISFACTORY -s \ - c? ‘<~. AREA WHERE COMMt IN NORMAL VOICE I 30 “/ c \ \ IS (Al > 0.5) ADEOUATE 1 1 1 4G 50 60 I 70 ‘ q~ 1.
MfL-STD-1472E maintenanw as shown in Figure 43 (W 1S0 2631). In the case of multidirectional vibration, each direction should be evaluated independentlywith respect to the limits presented. 5.8.4.1.1.1 ~. In order to protect humanhealth, whole body vibration should not exceed twice the acceleration values shown on Figure 43 for the time and frequencies indicated. 5.8,4.1.1.2 J%ofciency ]evel.
MIL-STD-1472E S.o 0.5 t 4.0 3“0h- 2.0 I 10 dB I q=- _ 1.0 0.9 O.a 0.7 0.6 0.5 . .1 1 w. 4 e 0.05 0.4 0.3 ~1- 0,2 I II O,,l--k I I I ! 16.0 2S.0 40.0 63.0 4.(I 1.6 2.s 6.3 10.0 0.63” 1 ) a.o 12.s 20.0 30.0 So.o 00.0 1.2s 2.0 3.0 S.o 0.8 0.s FREOUENCY in Hz 0.4 0.3 10.0 1 m/8u’ 4.0, So. -0.5 4.0 3.0 WN t 2.0 Ii 10 dB 1,0 0.1 I 1 1 r -— A 1 / 0.7 0.6 0.s ------- 0.05 0.4 I ““?c!!!i!!!i! ax 03 04 1 1.0 08 2.5 1,6 125 limits 20 40 J.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.8.4.1.1.4 Jvlotion m In order to prevent motion sickness, very low frequency vibration should not exceed the &its of F@re 44. 5.8.4.1.2 J3uild~ Buildings intendedfor occupationby humansshould be designedlocated to control the @ankmi@onof wholebody vibrationlevels that are acceptable to the occupants as specified by ISO 2631. 5.8.4.
MIL-sTD-1472E 5.9 Design for maintainer. 5.9.1 General. 5.9.1.1 Standardization. Standard parts SIMMbe used whenever practicable and should human engineering criteria herein. meet the 5.9.1.2 Special tools. Special tools shall be used oniy when common hand tools cannot be used, when they provide significant advantage over common hand tools, or where required by security considerations.
MILSTD-1472E 5.9.3.1 Knob adjustments Knobs rather than screwdriver controls shall be used whenever adjustments occurring more often than once per month must be performed and where access, weight, and related considerations permit their use. 5.9.3.2 Blind screwdriver ad@.ments. Screwdriver adjustments made without visual access are permissible only if mechanical guides are provided to align the screwdriver. Screw travel shall be limited to prevent the screw from falling out of its intended position. 5.9.3.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.9.4.7 Skills. Access to items maintained by one technical specialty shall not require removal of items maintained by another technical speciahy. 5.9.5 Lubrication. 5.9.5.1 General Configuration of equipment requiring lubrication shall permit lubrication and, as applicable, checking of hhicant reservoir levels without disassembly. Extended fittings shd be provided to lubricant ports that would not otherwise be readily accessible or visible.
MLSTD-1472E 5.9.9.2 Self-sup mflin~ covers Hinged access covers that are not completely removable shall be self-supporting in the open position. The cover in the open position shall not obstruct requid visual or pltysicaJ access to the quipment being maintained or to dated equipment during maintenance. Self-supporting covers should be capable of being opened and closed with one hand. 5.9.9.3 Labeling.
MIL-sTD-1472E MINlhML ACCESS OPENINGS WITHOW Two4fAN0 R-chinf with both ftanda 10dqath Of Lbht ckthi~: Arctic ck!thln6: Rating ;60 to VISUAL AC- 490mm: Wdah 140i@at: width: WOmtxPIem 2/4 Hchht: 180mm 2oomm0rthe 126anam ---.- depth @fro*” thoda~h ‘. of -d > -... full wm”sImgth (to stwaalduslwith both urrw” Wdth Hcl@t: lrmuh6 box WbS@ by twndk 13mm dxutna @fZl .. . . . soomtx 12* Oil -.< frOa’1[: IhO xfoemdbox.
MIL-STD- 1472E d, A screw-downcover, when captive fasteners cannot be used beeause of stress, structure or pressurization constraints. Use minimum number of interchangeable screws to fasten door, 5.9.9.6 Visual access. Where visual access is required, the opening shall provide a visua! angle sufficient to view all required information at the normal operating or maintenance position. The maintainer should be provided unrestricted visual aeeess from the workstation without bending.
/’ MIL-STD-i472i2 5.9.10.5.1 High-torcwe fasteners. External hex or external double-hex wrenching elements shall be provided on all machine screws, bolts or other fasteners requiring more than 14 N~m (10 lbfeft) of torque. When external wrenching fasteners cannot meet the mechanical fimction or pemonnel safety mydrwnents, or in limited access situations, and where use is protected from accumulation of foreign material, internal wrenching fasteners maybe used.
MI.IATD-1472E the design weight of items requiring two person lifting, provided the load is uniformly distributed between the two lifters. If the weight of the load is not uniformly distributed, the weight limit applies to the heavier lift point. Where three or mom persons are lifting simukanemdy, not more than 75 perecnt of the one-person value maybe added for caeh additional lifter, provided that the objeet lifted is sufficiently large that the lifters do not interfere with one another while lifting.
MIATD-1472E one-person value may be added for eaeh additional person and provided that the object is sufficiently large that the workers do not interfere with one another while carrying the load. In tdl eases involving carrying, it is assumed that the object is fmt lifted km the floor, carried a distance of 10 m (33 ft) or less, and placed on the floor or on another surface not higher than 91 cm (36 in). If the final lift is to a higher height, the 152 cm (5 ft) lift height applies as the mom limiting case.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.9.11 .5.4 Gram surface. Where an item’s installation requires that its bottom surface be used as a handhold during removal or installation, a nonslip grasp surface (e.g., grooved, knurled, or frictional)shall be provided. 5.9.11 .5.5 Handle dimensions. Handles which are to be used with rnittened, gloved, or ungloved hands shall equal or exceed the minimum applicable dimensions shown in Figure 48. 5.9.11 .5.6 Handle and grasp area for~ requirements.
MIL-STD- 1472E TABLE XXIV. Horizontal push andpull forces exertable intermittently or for short periods of time (male personnel) HORIZONTAL APPLIED WIT# COfQTfON (m= Coefficient of Frictiin) FORCE1 1(MN (25 lb) push or pull both hands or one shoulder or the back 200N (45 lb) push or pull both hands or one shoulder or the back 250N (55 lb) push one hand Low traction: 0.2< p < 0.3 I Medium traction: p -0.
MIL-STD-l472E LOW/MEDIUM/HIGH TRACTiON y /ah USE OF FOOTREST & BRACED AGAINST VERTICAL WALL 7’ & FICI lRF U{) Fhanlplcs nf pIISlI forre conditions ,-! for Tnl}le XXIV
MIL-sTD-1472E Toble XXV. .. Strenmh “ —.———.———.—. ..~ —measurements (see figure 47) ~ A Standing two-handed pull: 38 cm level Mean force Peak force I B Standing two-handed pull: 50 cm level Mean force Peak force I G Muscle Strength Data —..—.. .. . —— Percentile Values in Newtons (Pounds) 95th Percentile 5th—.. Percentile j Me~1 W-omen I Men .. —.——-. ~.. . ——. ..l..—. .
MIL-SI’D-1472E A. STANDING TWO-HANDED PULIJ 38 cm (15”) LEVEL STANDING WITH FEET 45 cm (18”)APART AND KNEES BENT. BENDING AT WAIST, GRASPING BOTH SIDES OF 45 cm (18”1 LONG HANDLE LOCATED DIRECTLY IN FRONT, 38 cm (15”) ABOVE STANDING SURFACE, AND PULUNG, USING PRIMARILY ARMS, SHOULDERS AND LEGS. B. STANDING IWO-HANDED PULL: 50 cm (20”) LEVEL STANDING WITH FEET45 cm (18”) APART AND KNEES STRAIGHT.
M&$TD-1472E D. STANDING 7VV0-HANDED PUSH: 150 cm (59’) LEVEL STANDING ERECT WITH FEET 45 cm (18”) APART, GRASPING FROM BEL(W/, BOTH SIDES 0F45 cm (18”) LONG HANDLE LOCATED DIRECTLY IN FRONT, 150 cm (S9’) ABOVE STANDING SURFACE. PUSHING UPWARD U$ING ARMS AND SHOULDERS. ● 1 ( . \ . . E. STANDING ONE-HANDED PULL: 100 cm (39”) LEVEL STANDING ERECT WITH FEET 15 cm (6”) APART, DOMINANT HAND GRASPING UNDERSIDE OF D-RING LOCATED DIRECTLY TO THE SIDE, 100 cm (39’) ABOVE STANDING SURFACE.
MII.STD-1472E G. SEATED ONE-HANDED 4s cm (1s” ) LEVEL PULL: SIDE OF SEAT, SITTING ERECT WITH FEET 55 cm (22”) APART, DOMINANT HAND GRASPING UNDERSIDE OF D-RING LOCATED A SHORT DISTANCE TO SIDE, 4S cm {15”)ABOVE THE FLOOR. PULLING UPWARD WHILE KEEPING SHOULDERS SQUARE AND OTHER ARM RESTING Ihl IAP. l+. SEATED TWO-t4ANDE0 SEAT,3S PULL: CENTE~F ~ cm f15”) LEVEL SITTiNG ERECT WITH FEET 55 cm (22”1 APART.
MD.ATD-1472E DIMENSIONS IN mm (in Inck) TYPE OF HANDLE ILLUSTRATION ‘Bare Hand) (GloVed Hand] XYZ 0> Two4inger bar 32 65 75 .1.1/4) (2-1/2) (3) One-hand bar b> (1-%}(~i~8) P + <, ‘ < Not Applicable G :: 50 (21 125 (5) 100 (4) 75 135 (3) (51/4) 50 270 100 75 280 150 (4) (3) (11) (6) (2) (101/2} (1%’81 (1~?2) ~? ,+ ..
MIL-STD-1472E 5.9.13.4 Cable routing. Cable for operation or maintenance. routing shall not obstruct visual or physical access to equipment 5.9.13.5 Access Cables shall be routed so as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance, 5.9.13.6 Susce~tibilitv to abuse. Cables sha!l be routed or protected to preclude mechanical damage and abuse, includingdamageby doors, lids, use as steps or hand holds, or being bent or twisted sharply or repeatedly. 5.9.13.7 identification.
MIL-ST’D-1472E 5.9.14.11 Electronic modules. Replacement electronic items (e.g., modules and high-failumrate components) should be provided with simple plug-in, rack-and-panel type connectors. 5.9.14.12 Disassembly and adapters. Disassembly of connectors to change pin connections should be performed without special tools. When adapters are mquimd, they shall be capable of being hand-tightened. 5.9.14.13 Protective covers. If protective covers are required, captive types shall be used. 5.9.15 Test points 5.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.9.17.2.2 Replacement and resetting. Fuses shall be ~adily accessible for removal and replacement. No other components shall require removal in order to gain access to fuses. No special tools shall be required for fuse replacement unless required by safety considerations. When resetting of circuit breakers is permissible, and is required for system operation during a mission, the breakers shall be located within reach of crew members in their normal operating posture. 5.9.17.2.3 Markings.
MrLsTD-1472E 5.10 Desitzn of eaui mnent for remote handling. 5.10.1 Chamcteristics of cx.mitxrwntto be handled remotely. 5,10.1.1 Aiiunment. Self-alignmentdevices shalJbe providedfor componentswhich must be joined remotely. 5,10.1.2 Disconnect. Quickdisconnect devices shall be provided for items that must be discomected remotely. 5.10,1.3 Fasteners. Fasteners shall be captive md readily repkweddc by remote-handling techniques. 5.10.1.4. Lock and hchin~ mechanisms.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.10.4.5 Coding. For television viewing, symbol-or pattern-coding should be used in preference to color-coding. 5.10.4.6 Lettering. Letters, numbers, and important details that must be viewed by television shall be light against a dark background. Glazed or reflecting surfaces shall be avoided. 5.10.4.7 Stereo viewing. The two images produced by a stereosmpic periscope shall not differ more than 2% in magnification or 0.50 prism d.iopter in vertical imbalance.
MUATD-1472E 5.11 Small systems and equipment. 5.11.1 Port.abilitvand load cam ing. Individual portions of equipment shall be designed so that, when carried, the wei~t of the load will be distributed through as martYmuscle groups as possible. Pressure should be avhided or minimized on sensitive areas, ;ncluding large bl~ v&scls,-nerves and areas lacking muscular padding. Design of load-carrying systems shall be compatible with the weight and distribution of individual items to be carried by the user.
MIL-STD-1472E Table XXVI. Typical . fighting and existence loads (temperate zone) —— -- .---- .— APPROXIMATE WEIGHT POUNDS KILOGRAMS —. ——.. .—— —----- . ....— -..-. LOAD FIGHTING LOAD CLOTHING: PASGT Helmet Battte Dress Uniform PASGT Vest 1.36 1.73 3.86 3.00 3.81 8.50 0,27 0.60 0.09 J.& 8.83 0.20 ~ 19,47 3.59 3.21 0.91 3.86 1.63 7.91 7.07 2.00 8.50 3.60 Water purification tablets 0.03 0.
MLL-STD-1472E 5.11.2 Trackin~ 5.11.2.1 Gunner environment. Where applicable, obscuration, shock and vibration should be sufficient y minimized to permit resumption of tracking rapidly after fwing. 5.11 .2.2 Crank size ands Ed. The size of tracking cranks, where used, shall be a function of rotation sped required: Within the parameters of Figure 10, crank speed should be 140-200 rpm and radius should be 55-115 mm (2.2 -4.5 in). Smaller crank radii should be used for high rpm requirements and the converse. 5.
MIL-STD-1472E 5,11 .3.7.2 Davli~ht. For daylight application the exit pupil diameter should not be less than 3 mm (O.12 in). 5.11.3.7.3 Lowli~ht levels. Formwimizing ptiomau exit pupil should be not less than 7 mm (0.28 in). attwilight mdlower light levels, the 5.11.3.8 EYerelief. Along eyerelief, e.g. 25m(lin), should kprovidd forveticul~ mounted sights if the observer must be protwted from gun recoil, observe on the move, or maintain some field-of-view while wearing a protective mask.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.11 .3.12.4 Uniformity. Sights shall be evenly illuminated by means of an opal diffuser or similar device. 5.11 .3.12.5 Reticle lines. The thickness of reticle lines for illuminated sights should be not less than 150 rnrad (0.5 rein) visual angle. They shall be thin enough so as not to obscure targets, but thick enough to be easily seen. In any case, their thickness should not exceed 600 rnrad (2 rein). 5.11.3.13 Binoculars/bioculars. 5.11 .3.13.1 Biocular viewing.
MIL-STD-1472E ABCD SUPERCILIARY ARCH REQUIREMENT NASAL DONE REQUIREMENT GREATER ALAR CARTl~OE REQUIREMENT SEPIAL CARTILAGE REQUIREMENT 17 mm (Ilflr) 22 mm (7/S”) S2 & 0%-) * .mm [1%-1 1-5/8 1--- 41 mm{ } -1 k)+: 32 mm (1%”) (22 mm){7/8”) 6 mm (%”) r -*i?iiF: 6 mm 1%-) Y)ll t \- FIGURE 49. Anatomical limits on axialIy symmetrkd EXIT PUPIL CLEAR EYE ocular metal parts 5.11 .3.15.1.2 ~. Use of color or neutral density filters will depend upon the application, e.g.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.11.3.17 Li~hting. Means shall be provided for illumination of internal and external scales, level vials, and other instruments that must be read under low light Jevel conditions. Continuously variable control of illumination shall be provided as required by weapon system characteristics. Illumination to be used under low light level conditions shall minimally affect the dark adaptation of the observer. Red illumination or red filters should be used to maintain dark adaptation. 5.11.3.
MLS’I’D-1472E 5.12 ~nce . “ . . mo~ . 5.12.1-. Handles, levers, pedals, knobs, and workspace dimensions shall be designed to enhance effective vehicle operation by suitably clothed and uip~d users MM relevant body 7 .) dimensions varying between 5th and 95th percentiles. (See 5.6. 5.12.2 =. 5.12.2.1 J3imensions and cIearance$ Vehicle operator seating dimensions and clearances should confoxm to those in Figures 50 and”51 and Table XXVII as applicable.
MIL-STD-1472E TABLE XXVII. Recommended clothing. ,— clearances around equipment operator’s station to accommodate the 9Sth percentile soldier dressed in Arctic Operator seat in rear most position (Figure 51) ——.——-—— ..—--— —? A. Elbow (dynamic) B. Elbow (static) c. Shoulder D. Knee width (minimum) E. Knee width (optimum) F.
MlbSTD-1472E A B c- — T E Elll D — 1 \ t I \ /8 A —2 i l?’ T 5 3— ~ 9 \ ‘-T I \ L I C@ 74 I /’___ FIG[.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.! 2 ~3.4 Control of hazardous o~rations. The operation of switches or controls which initiate hazardous operations shall require the prior operation of a locking control. 5.12.4 Grwrating instructions. 5,12.4.1 Provision of owratin~ instruction. Operating instructions shall be providd for all vehicles and vehicle equipment, except where the operation wili be obvious to all potential operators. 5.12,4.2 FOITMLInformation shall be presented in the form of diagrams whenever possible. 5.12.4.
MILSTD-1472E 5.12.5.8 Windshield wit)ers and washers. Windshield wipers and washers shall be provided, Blades shall return to the stored position when turned off. Provision shall be made for manual operation in event of power failure, 5.12.5.9 Fork lifts. The configuration of fork lift mechanisms and fork lift truck cabs shall permit the operator to have direct view of the tips of the forks in all typical modes of material loading and in all likely operator positions, 5.12.6 Heating and ventilation. 5.12.6.
MILSTD-1472E 5.12.7.2.1 Ceiling height. The ceiling height (dkance from the floor to the bottom of any ligh[, cable run, or other protuberance over the aisle or standing work-space) shall bc not less than 198 cm (78 in) for vans and shelters, except as follows: When the occupants seldom stand to perform normal operations, the ceiling height can be reduced to 189 cm (74.5 in) unless otherwise specified by the procuring activity. 5.12.7.2.2 Access openinm.
MIL-STD-J472E 5.12.9.1.1 Drain valves. VehicJes shaIlkdesigned torequire aminimum num&rofdtin valves and drain sizes. Drain valves shall be readily accessible and hand-operable by the full range of user personnel wearing either Arctic or NBC garments. Drain valve handles shall be in line with the corresponding pipe when ON and perpendicular to the pipe when OFF. 5.12.9.1.2 Filters.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5,13 Hazards and safety. 5.13.1 General. Design shall reflect the safety related human engineering criteria below as well as in other sections of this standani 5.13.2 Safety labels and Placards. 5.13.2.1 Warning placards. Conspicuous placards shall be mounted adjacent to any equipment which presents a hazard to personnel (e.g., from high voltage, hea~ toxic vapors, explosion, radiation).
\ MIL-STD-J472E 5.13.4.5 Illumination. Adequate illumination shall be provided in all areas. Warning p!acards, staitways, and all hazadous areas shall be illuminated in accordance with the recommended levels of Table XXI. 5.13.4.6 Thmnal contact hazards. Equipment which, in normal operation, exposes personnel to surface temperatures greater or less than those shown below, shall be appropriately guaded. Surface temperatures induced by climatic environment are exempt tim this mpirerncnt.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.13,6.3 Safety mesh Screen or safety mesh shall be installed on the underside of open gratings, platforms, or flooring surfaces where small tools, parts or debris may fall through the grating on workers or equipment beneath the platform. 5.13.7 Electicai, mechanical, fluid, toxic and radiation hazards. 5.13 .’7.1 Electrical hazards. 5.13 .7.1.1 Insulation of tools. Took and test Ieads to be used near high voltages shall be adequately insuiatexi. 5.13 .7.1.2 PIUESand receptacles.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.13.7,4 Toxic hazards. 5.13 .7.4.1 General Personnel shall not be exposed to the concentrations of toxic substances in excess of the limits specified in either the Department of Defense (DoD) Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards or specialized standards applicable to military unique equipment, systems or operations. 5.13 .7.4.2 Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide (CO) in personnel areas shall be reduced to the lowest level feasible.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.14 Aerosuace vehicle compartments. 5.14.1 GcncraL Aerospace vehicle compartments shaJl be designed to optimize human performance, efficiency, and safety within the constraints imposed by system requirements. 5.14.1.1 Windows, canopies, and windshields. 5.14.1.1.1 Visual mxformance. Transparent areas shall be free from color, distortion, or other factors that would degrade visual performance below the level required for mission accomplishment. 5.14.1.1.2 MuJtiJawxed windows.
MIL-STD-1472E Human engineering design of aircrew stations and passenger compartments other than pilot and copilot stations shall be in accordance with the criteria of 5.7. 5.14.2.2 Lavout for shared work s~ace. 5.14.2.2.1 General. Where applicable, deAgn of compartments shall allow personnel to share equipment, reduce communication requirements, conduct required face-t-face eomrnunications, and minimize mutual interference when operating equipment which rquires more than one operator. 5.14 .2.2.
MIL-STD- 1472E body dimensions varying between 5th and 95th pxcentik (see 5.6), without degrading their performance capability. 5.14 .2.4.3 Swivel adjustments. Seats capable of being rotated shaiI contain at least eight locking positions equally spaced through 360°. The seat shall be capable of being swiveled freely, when unlocked, while supporting a loadof113 kg (250 lb). 5,14.2.4.4 Height.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.14.3.5 Inclines and stairs and ladders. 5.14 .3.5.1 Amzleof incline, The type of structure in relation to angle of ascent shall be as specified in Figure 33. 5.14 .3.5.2 Hand and foot surface. Hand rails or gripping surfaces and nonslip foot surfaces shall be provided for ladders. Nonslip treads shall be provided on all stairs. Safety bars or chains shall be installed across stair or step openings.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.14 .4.2.2 Escax orxninm. Escape openings shall be smooth-edged, be free of obs~ructions, and permit pwsage of personnel with necessary survival equipment. 5.14 .4.2.3 Ease of omration. Doors and hatches shall be quick-opening, easily operated, and have a standard mode of latch-handle operation throughout the vehicle. 5.14 .4.2.4 Latch-handle operation.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15 User-computer interface, 5.15.1 GeneraL Computer programs and equipment interfaces shall provide a functional interface between the system for which they are designed and users (operators/maintainers) of that system. This interface shall optimize compatibility with personnel and shall rninimk conditions which can degrade human performance or contribute to human emor, 5.15.1.1 Standard procedures. Users shall be provided standard procedures for similar, logically related transactions. 5.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.15.2.1.1 User Pacing. Data entry shall be paced by the user, rather than by the system. 5.15 .2.1,2 Positive feedback. The system shall provide a positive fdback to the user of the acceptance or rejection of a data entry. Feedback response times shall conform to 5.15.8. 5.15 .2.1.3 Processing delay. Where system overload or other system conditions will result in a processing cMy, the system shall acknowledge the data entry and provide an indication of the delay to the user.
MIIAWD-1472E 5.15,2.1.9 Abbtwiations, mnemonics, and codes. When abbreviations, mnemonics, or codes are used to shorten data entry, they shall be distinctive and have a mlatio~h.ip or *sociation to normal language or specific job-related terminology. Abbreviations should be the same length, the shortest possible that will ensure unique abbreviations. 5.15.2.1.10 Exulicit delete action, Data deletion or cancellation shall require an explicit action, such as depressing a DELETE key. 5.15.2.
MIL-STD-1472E TABLE XXVIII. Dialomm Tvpe Dialogue type versus user training and system response Rcauired User Tr- Tolerable Soeed of Svs~ Question and Answer None Moderate (0.5 to less than 2 sees) Menu Selection None Very Fast (less than 0.2 SCCS) Form Filling Moderate Slow (greater than 2 sees) Function Keys Moderate Very Fast (less than 0.2 sees) Natural/Query Language Moderate Fast (0.2 to less than 0.5 SCC) Command Language High Moderate/Slow (0.
MILSTD-1472E 5.15.2.4,3 Repn rammable or inactive default functions. When keys with labeled default functions are reprogrammed or turned off, a visual warning shall alert the user that the standard function is not cumently accessible via that key. 5.15 .2.4.4 Relabeling. Provision shall be made for easily relabeling variable function keys. Labels for variable function keys, located along the perimeter of a display, maybe generated on the display face. 5.15 .2.4.5 Shifted characters.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15 .3.1,2 Criticality. Only data essential to the user’s needs shall be displayed. 5.15 .3.1..3 Readily usable fotm. Data presented to the user shall be in a readily usable and readable form such that the user does not have to transpose, compute, interpolate or mental]y translate into other units, number bases, or languages. 5.15.3. i.4 Order and secwences. When data fields have a naturally occurring order (e.g.
MIL-STI)-1472E d. use an accentuating technique different and easily distinguished from the method used to highiight or code emergency or critical messages, e. be unique and meaningful to distinguish them from data, error messages, or other alphanumerics, f. be displayed in upper case only, while text maybe displayed in upper and lower case, and g. reflect the question or decision posed to the user, when presenting a list of user options. 5.15.3.1.11 Scrolling.
ML-M-D- 147X 5.15.3.3 DisPlaYcoding. 5.15 .3.3.1 ~. Coding shall be employed to differentiate between items of information and to cal) the user’s attention to changes in the state of the system. Coding should be used for critical information, unusual values, changed items, items to be changed, high priority messages, special areas of the display, errors in ermy, criticality of command entry, and targets. Consistent, meaningftd codes shall be used.
MJL-S’J’D-1472h 5,15 .3.4.2 Um_Merate. The rate of updilt~ should t-wcontrollable by the user and shall be determined by the use to be made of the information. 5,15.3.4.3 DisDhtv freeze. A dispJay freeze mode shaJJbe provided to aJJow viewing any selected frame that is updated or advanced automatically by the system. An option shidl be provided to allow resumption at the point of stoppage or at the current red-time point. 5.15 .3.4.4 Freeze feedback.
MIL-STD-1472E none exist a space should be used after every third or founh digit. Leading zeros shall not be used in numerical data except where needed for clarity. ing. Strings of alphanumerics should be grouped into sets of 5.15.3.5.8 Alphanumeric EKNJD three to five charactem or grouped at natural breaks. When a code consists of both letters and digits, common character types should be grouped by common character type for ease of location. 5.15 .3.5.9 Distinctive and informative iabels.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15,3.6,8 Precisepo sitioning. Where data entry requires exwt placement of graphic elements, users shall be provided the capability for expansion of the critical display area (e.g., zooming and panning) to make the positioning task easier and more precise. 5.15 .3.6.9 Confirming cursor position. For most graphics data entry, pointing should be a dual action, with the first action positioning the cursor at a desired position and the second action confirming that position to the computer.
MIL-STD-1472E 5. i 5.3.6.22 Data annotation. When precise reading of a graphic display may be required, the capability should be provided to supplement the graphic representation with the actual numeric values. 5.15.3.6.23 Normal orientation for labels. The labels on dynamic graphic displays shall remain with the top of the label up when the displayed image rotates. 5.15.3.6.24 Pictorial symbols. Pictorial symbols (e.g.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15.3 .7,4.2 ProRram editcommands. Inprogram editing, thespecial commands shallbe based on lines or subprograms. Program lines shall reflect a numbering scheme for ease in editing and error correction. When available, line-by-line syntax checking shall be under user con~ol. 5.15 .3.7.4.3 Tab controls. For editing programs or tabular data, cursor tab controls or other provisions for establishing and moving readily from field to field shall be provided. 5.15 .3.7.5 EditinR commands.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5,15 .3.8.1 ~., Audio displays maybe used as part of the user-computer interface, where (a) the common mode of visual display is restricted by overburdening or user mobility needs and it is desirable to cue, alert or warn the user, or (b) the user should& provided feedback after control actuation, data entry, or completion of timing cycles and sequences. 5.15.3.8.2 Other retirements. See 5.3.1, 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.3 and 5.3.2.4. 5.15.3.8.3 SuPPortivc function.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15 .4.1.3 Accidental ttctuation. Provision shall be made to prevent accidental actuation of potentially destructive control actions, such as accidental erasure or memory dump. 5.15 .4.1.4 Compatibility with user skill. Controls shall be compatible with the lowest imticipa(ed user skill levels, Experienced users should have options which shortcut intervening steps necessary for inexperienced users. 5.15.4.1.5 Availability of information.
\ MIL-STD- 1472E 5.15 .4.2,1 Use. Menu selection interactive control should be used for tasks that invoivc iit[ie or no enuy of arbitrr@~ata and where users may have relatively little training. It should also be used when a command set is so large that users are not likciy to be able to commit all of the commands to memory. 5.15.4.2.2 Selection. 5.15 .4.2.2.1 Devices. Lightpens or other pointing devices (including touch technology) should be used for menu selection. (See also Section 5.4.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15,4.2.12 Position in structure. When menu traversal can be accomplished by clearly defined hierarchical paths, the user should be given some indication of the displayed menu’s current position in the overall or relevant structute, such as by having an optional display of “path” information. A menu tree showing the menu hierarchy should be included in the user manual. 5.15.4.2.
MlL-STII- 1472E 5.15.4.3.13 Flexible data entry. When multiple data items are entered as a single transaction, the user shall be allowed to re-enter, change, or cancel any item before taking a final ENTER action. 5.15.4.3.14 Infonnativc labels. Descriptive wording shall be employed when labeling data fields; use of arbitrary codes shall be avoided. 5.15.4.3.15 L@e.aJ order.
\ MIL-STD- 1472E 5.15.4.5.12 Destmctive commands. If a command entry may have disruptive consequences, the user shalI be required to review and confirm a dkplayed interpretation of the command before it is executed. 5.15.4.6 Question and answer. 5.15.4.6.1 ~. Question-and-answer dialogues may be used for routine data entry tasks where data items are known and their ordering can be constrained, where users will have little or no training, and where the computer is expected to have medium respme speed. 5.15.
MllATD-1472E 5,15.4.8.3 Swxdementaw verbal labels. Where icons w used to represent control actions in menus, verbal labels shall be displayd with each icon to help assure that its intended meaning will be understood. 5.15.5 Feedback 5.15.5.1 ~. Feedback shaIl be provided which presents status information, confirmation, and verification throughout the interaction. 5.15.5.2 Stand-by.
IW.L-STD-1472E e. Neither humor nor admonishment should be used in structuring messages; the dialog should be strictly factual and informative for the user. f. Error messages should appear as close as possible to the user entry that caused the message. g. Lfa user nqxats an entry error, the second emor message should be revised to include a noticeable change so that the user maybe certain that the computer has processed the attempted correction. 5.15.6.2 Standard display.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.15.8.3 Internal software checks. User errors should be minimized by use of software checks of user entries for validity of item, sequence of entry, completeness of entry, and range of value. 5.15.8.4 Critical entries. The system shall require the user to acknowledge critical entries prior to their being implemented by the system.
M!L-SI’L)-1472E 5.15.8 .12.3 Browsin~Hel~. Uscrsshould bepermitted to browse through on-line HELP displays, just as they would through a printed manual, to gain familiarity with system functions and operating procedures. 5.15.8,13 Datasecurity. Data shall be protected from unauthorized use, potential loss from equipment failure, and user errors. 5.15.8 .13.1 Automated securitY rneasums. Automated measu.msshall be provided to minimize data loss from inttuders in a system or from errors by legitimate users.
MIL-STD- 1472E 5.15 .10.2.2 Print pa~e The user shall have the capability to request printing of a sing!e page, or sequence of pages, by specifying the page numbers. Table XXIX. Maximum SyS5rn_ Acceptable Response Times Time Definition Response Interpreta@n System Time (Sees) Key Response Key depression until positive response, e.g., “click” 0.1 Key Print Key depression until appearance of character 0.2 Page Turn End of request until lines are visibie 1.
MIL-STD-1472E 5.15.1 I.3 Minimal memo~ load on users. The dalti transmission procedures should minimize memory load on the users by providing computer aids for automatic insertion of standard information, such as headers and distribution lists. 5.15. I 1.4 Interrupt. Users should be allowed 10 interrupt message preparation, review, or disposition and then resume any of those tasks from the point of interruption. 5.15 .11.5 Stored message forms.
MtL-STD-1472E 5.16 Visual display terminals (VDTS). Where a VDT is used only for text processing, da[a entry, and data inquiry applications in an office environment or equiwdent, the VDT, associated furniture, and environments in which the VDT is placed shall conform to ANSUHFS 100; however, where such criteria are not specified by ANSI/HFS 100, the VDT, associated furniture, and environments shall conform to applicable provisions herein.
MIL-STD-1472E 6. NOTES (This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature which maybe helpful, but is not mandatory.) 6,1 Intended usc This standard is intended for use as design criteria for military systems, equipment, and facilities, cited contractuaHy in system specifications and elsewhere, and for usc as a basis for structuring that part of human factors testing where design chamcterist.ics are assessed for purposes of acceptance.
MiL-STD- 1472E INDEX Abbreviations command names --------------------------------------------------------------display content ----------------------------------------------------------------labels ---------------------------------------------------------------------------user-computer interface ------------------------------------------------------Access opening and covers ------------------------------------------------------Access, physical ----------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-STD-1472E Brow pads, optical instruments -------------------------------------------------Browsing help ---------------------------------------------------------------------Cable ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calibration information, scale indicators --------------------------------------Canopies, aerospace vehicle compartments ------------------------------------Capsule, escape (ejection system) ----------------------------------------------Carrying, l
—. Mll.
MIL-STD- [472E Cmnks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Cranks, size, tracking equipment ---------------------------------------------Crew stations, aerospace vehicle design ---------------------------------------Cursor distinctiveness, graphic displays ---—-------------------- .-- —.--— Cursor position, graphic displays ---------------------------- -----.. —. —--Cursors, user-computer interfaee ---—.--—-.—.----------- .----- —-------Cushions, seats --------- -—.-..
MIL-STD- 1472E Dynamic displays ----------------------------------------------------------------Edge rounding --------------------------------------------------------------------Editing, textiprogram ------------------------------------------------------------Ejection systems, aerospace vehicles -------------------------------------------Electroluminescent displays -----------------------------------------------------Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) hardening --------------------------------------Elevators -----
general workspace -----------------------------------------------------------5.13.4 mechanical ------------------------ ------------------------ -------------------5.13.7.2 platform -----------------------------------------------------------------------5,13.6 radiation ----------------------------------------------------------------------5.13.7.5 safety labels and placards ---------------------------------------------------5.13.
MIL-STD- 1472E uerospticc vehicles ------------------------------------------------------------fixed ---------------------------------------------------------------------------telescoping, mechanical hazards -------------------------------------------Large screen displays ------------------------------------------------------------Large screen optical projection displays ---------------------------------------Latches, aerospace vehicles -----------------------------------------------------Leg strength -----
MI1.
hill.-STD-l472E circular, moving pointer ------------------------------------------------------ 5.1.3.3 linear, fixed pointer —------------------------------------------------------5.1.3.6 Iinear, moving pointer -------------------------------------------------------5.1.3.4 mfenmce for adjustment controls -------- .------ —----------------------5.9.3.3 Scale indicatom -----------------------------------------------------------------5.2.
MIL-STD- 1472E Tires --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Toggle switch controls -----------------------------------------------------------Tongue-and-slot catches ---------------------------------------------------------Tools hand, electrically-operated (electrical hazards) ---------------------------insulation of, electrical hazards --------------------------------------------mounting of field removable items -----------------------------------------special, desi
MIL-STD- 1472E CONCLUDING MATERIAL Preparing activity: Army-MI (Project HFAC-0081 ) Custodians: Amy - Ml Navy - AS Air Force -11 Review activities: Army - AR, AT, AV, CR, ER, GL, MD, ME, TD, TE, TM, EA Navy - EC, MC, OS, PE, SH,TD Air Force -13, 14, 19 Industry associations and professional societies: ASTM EIA HFEs SAE Civil Agency Coordinating Activities: DOT - FM NASA - MSF {()>
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