Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation Model 630 Quick Start Guide 1. Apply power to the 630. After a display of the hardware and software versions and serial number, the unit enters the Basic Sinewave mode of operation. 2. The unit defaults to generating a 1.000000 MHz sine wave at a level of -10.0 dBm. Changing Frequency To change the frequency, press the Right Field Arrow button once. The cursor will move to the frequency field. The cursor position is indicated by a flashing digit.
Instruction Manual Model 630 Arbitrary Waveform Generator Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation 3060 Kerner Blvd.,#2 San Rafael, CA 94901 USA Ph:415-453-9955 Fx:415-453-9956 www.berkeleynucleonics.
Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation Model 630 User’s Manual (c) BNC Corp. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRODUCT AND DOCUMENTATION NOTICE: BNC reserves the right to change this product and its documentation without prior notice. Information furnished by BNC is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by BNC for its use, nor for any infringement of patents, or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction to the 630 1.1 Description of the 630 ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Feature Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Hooking up the 630 A discussion of the input and output connectors ......................................................
Table of Contents 6.0 Remote operation 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................. 44 6.2 Hookup.................................................................................................................................................................... 44 6.3 Checking your connection with HyperTerm ..........................................................................
1.0 Introduction Figure 1.0-1: The BNC model 630 This manual contains operating instructions for the BNC Model 630 Signal Generation and Processing Engine. Complete specifications for the Model 630 are given in Chapter 9.
1.1 Description One Touch Mode Selection Function Digit Field é Value Arbitrary ê 7 8 9 SSB DTMF Gen DTMF Det 4 5 6 Sweep FSK Burst 1 2 3 AM FM ∅M . 0 - * Power Measure # MHz dBm × Ø Field KHz Vp-p Sec Recall Store Trigger Hz MV p-p mS Offset Mode SYNC Out Pulse è Position Sinewave ç Remote SIG Out Clear Other Figure 1.
1.2 Feature Summary • Each unit is individually calibrated to ensure accurate output frequency, level, and offset voltage. • Output level: 4 mVp-p to 20.0 Vp-p (unloaded). Output level can be entered with 1 mV or .1 dBm resolution. • Output offset: 0 mV to +/- 12.0 V (unloaded). Output offset can be entered with 1 mV resolution. • TTL/CMOS compatible logic output drives digital circuits directly. • Flash Memory is used for code storage to enable easy software updates.
2.0 Hooking up the 630 This section discusses how to properly connect the 630 to your equipment. The following diagrams identify the connectors and show typical hookups. One Touch Mode Selection Function Digit Field é Value Arbitrary ê 7 8 9 SSB DTMF Gen DTMF Det 4 5 6 Sweep FSK Burst MHz dBm × Ø Field KHz Vp-p Sec Recall Store Trigger Hz MV p-p mS Offset Mode SYNC Out Pulse è Position Sinewave ç 1 2 3 AM FM ∅M .
3. External Modulation In connector The External Modulation In connector, located on the rear of the 630, accepts an external analog signal as illustrated here: Figure 2.0-3: Connecting an external signal On this connector, the user supplies a baseband signal (below 50 KHz) that is used to modulate an output carrier. (A microphone is shown here as an example).
4. External Trigger/Gating/FSK/BPSK input The External Trigger/Gating/FSK In connector accepts an external digital signal on the rear of the unit as illustrated here: Figure 2.0-4: Driving the Ext Trigger/Gating/FSK/BPSK input On this connector the user supplies a digital signal which serves a variety of purposes, depending on the operating mode of the 630. This input is a high impedance input (about 80K ohms) and can safely accept input levels from -10V to +10V.
Figure 2.0-5: Rear panel connectors 5. External Reference Input / Ext Arb Clock connector This connector accepts an external sample clock for the Arbitrary Waveform Generator when the unit is in External Clock or Lock Slave modes. The signal level on this input must be between 0V and +5V and is intended to be driven by TTL/CMOS logic. (For more information on Arb Locking, refer to the chapter “Multiple Unit Locking.
3.0 Operating the 630 3.1 Quick Start Guide 1. Apply power to the 630. After a display of the hardware and software versions and serial number, the unit enters the Basic Sinewave mode of operation. 2. The unit defaults to generating a 1.000000 MHz sinewave at a level of -10.0 dBm. Changing Frequency To change the frequency, press the Right Field Arrow button once. The cursor will move to the frequency field. The cursor position is indicated by a flashing digit.
3.2 Selecting an operating mode If you wish to select a new operating mode for the 630, press the blue Mode key once. When pressed, the LCD display is cleared and the question: Mode? is displayed. The Mode key acts as a shift type key in that the meaning of each button on the front panel changes to that described by the blue wording beneath it. To enter Sweep mode, for example, first press the Mode key and then press the number 4 key.
3.3 Changing Values For each operating mode, the LCD display shows a number of fields that hold operating parameters for the selected mode (i.e. sweep start frequency, stop frequency, etc.). To change the value of a parameter, you must first move the cursor to the desired field on the display. To do this, press one of the Field Arrow keys until the cursor appears in the desired field.
4.0 The keys 4.1 Mode key The Mode key is used to change the operating mode of the 630. When pressed, the LCD display is cleared and the question: Mode? is displayed. The Mode key acts as a shift type key in that the meaning of each button on the front panel changes to that described by the blue wording beneath it. To enter Sweep mode, for example, first press the Mode key and then press the number 4 key. You can exit the Mode? question by pressing the blue Mode key again.
4.4 Offset key The Offset key is used to specify a DC offset voltage to be added to the output signal. When this key is pressed, the LCD display is cleared and the cursor is placed in a numeric field to enter the offset voltage. Both positive and negative voltages can be entered. To exit the offset entry screen and return to the current mode, press the Offset key again. The offset voltage value can be entered in the same manner as any other numeric value.
4.7 é , ê , è , ç keys The arrow keys are used to move the cursor and edit numeric values. The è and ç keys move the cursor side to side within a cursor field. They can be used to position the cursor over a digit within the field to modify. Once the cursor is over the desired digit, use the é or ê key to increment or decrement that digit. Pressing the é key increments the digit under the cursor and has the same effect as rotating the knob clockwise 1 tick.
5.0 Mode Descriptions The following pages describe each operating mode of the 630. The meaning of each parameter that appears on the LCD display is described in detail. 5.1 Basic Sinewave (CW) Mode Introduction The Basic Sinewave (CW) mode generates a sinewave of fixed frequency and level. This mode is entered by pressing the Sinewave One Touch Mode Selection key.
5.2 Internal AM Mode Introduction The Internal AM mode generates an amplitude modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency. An internally-generated sinusoid is used as a modulating signal to vary the amplitude of a carrier sinusoid. The modulation waveform is not suppressed carrier; i.e. a fixed amount of carrier power is always present in the modulated signal. Internal AM Mode Parameters 2 1 Int AM: 1,000 Hz 3 20,000,000.00 MHz Percent Mod: 100% PEP level: -10.
5.3 External AM Mode Introduction The External AM mode generates an amplitude modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency. An externally-supplied signal on the Ext Mod In connector is used as a modulating signal to vary the amplitude of a carrier sinusoid. The modulation waveform is not suppressed carrier; i.e. a fixed amount of carrier power is always present in the modulated signal. External AM Mode Parameters The External AM mode has the following front panel display: 1 External AM 2 20,000,000.
5.4 Internal FM Mode Introduction The Internal FM mode generates a frequency modulated signal of fixed amplitude. An internally-generated sinusoid is used as a modulating signal to vary the frequency of a carrier sinusoid. Internal FM Mode Parameters The Internal FM mode has the following front panel display: 2 1 Int FM: 1,000 Hz 3 Pk dev: 10,000 Hz 20,000,000.00 MHz -10.0 dBm 4 Figure 5.4-1: Internal FM mode display 1.
5.5 External FM Mode Introduction The External FM mode generates a frequency modulated signal of fixed amplitude. An externally supplied signal on the Ext Mod In connector is used to vary the frequency of a carrier sinusoid. External FM Mode Parameters The External FM mode has the following front panel display: 1 External FM 2 Pk dev: 10,000 Hz 20,000,000.00 MHz -10.0 dBm 3 Figure 5.4-1: External FM mode display 1.
5.6 Internal PM Mode Introduction The Internal PM mode generates a phase modulated signal of fixed amplitude. An internally-generated sinusoid is used as a modulating signal to vary the phase of a carrier sinusoid. Internal PM Mode Parameters The Internal PM mode has the following front panel display: 2 1 Int PM: 1,000 Hz 3 Pk dev: 180 deg 20,000,000.00 MHz -10.0 dBm 4 Figure 5.6-1: Internal PM mode display 1. Modulating Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the modulating sinusoid.
5.7 External PM Mode Introduction The External PM mode generates a phase modulated signal of fixed amplitude. An externally supplied signal on the Ext Mod In connector is used to vary the phase of a carrier sinusoid. External PM Mode Parameters The External PM mode has the following front panel display: 1 External PM 2 Pk dev: 180 deg 20,000,000.00 MHz -10.0 dBm 3 Figure 5.7-1: External PM mode display 1.
5.8 Sweep Mode Introduction The Sweep mode continuously changes the frequency of a fixed amplitude sinusoid between a specified start frequency and a specified stop frequency. The user can specify how long it takes for the sweep to reach the stop frequency. The frequency may be stepped between the start and stop frequency linearly (i.e. the frequency is incremented over time by a constant value) or a logarithmically (where the frequency is advanced logarithmically over time).
4. Continuous / Triggered sweep In this field select whether the sweep is performed continuously or on a single event basis. If you select a Continuous sweep, then the sweep is immediately restarted once the stop frequency is reached. If you select a Triggered type sweep, then the sweep is halted once the stop frequency is reached. The sweep is not restarted again until another trigger occurs. The trigger can come from three sources: 1. Pressing the Trigger key 2.
5.9 Internal FSK Mode Introduction The Internal FSK mode generates a frequency shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude. An internal timer is used as a modulating signal to toggle the output frequency between the Mark frequency and the Space frequency at a specified rate. Internal FSK Mode Parameters The Internal FSK mode has the following front panel display: 2 1 Int FSK: 1,000 Hz 3 Mark: 1,000,000.00 Hz Space: 2,000,000.00 Hz -10.0 dBm 4 Figure 5.9-1: Internal FSK mode display 1.
5.10 External FSK Mode Introduction The External FSK mode generates a frequency shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude. An external digital input signal is used as a modulating signal to shift the output frequency between the Mark frequency and the Space frequency. External FSK Mode Parameters The External FSK mode has the following front panel display: 1 Ext FSK: 2 Mark: 1,000,000.00 Hz Space: 2,000,000.00 Hz -10.0 dBm 3 Figure 5.10-1: External FSK mode display 1.
5.11 Burst Mode The Burst mode generates a sinusoid burst of fixed frequency and level for a specified duration. Both continuous and triggered bursts may be generated. In the continuous burst mode, the 630 continuously gates the output sinusoid on and off according to the values entered in the On and Off fields. In triggered burst mode, the output frequency is set to 0 Hz and the unit awaits a trigger condition.
5.12 Internal SSB Mode Introduction The Internal SSB mode generates a Single SideBand (SSB) modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency. An internally generated sinusoid is used as a modulating signal to modulate either the upper or lower sideband of a carrier sinusoid. The modulation waveform is suppressed carrier, i.e. no carrier energy is present in the modulated signal.
5.13 External SSB Mode Introduction The External SSB mode generates a Single SideBand (SSB) modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency. An externally supplied signal on the Ext Mod In connector is used to modulate either the upper or lower sideband of a carrier sinusoid. The modulation waveform is suppressed carrier, i.e. little carrier energy is present in the modulated signal.
5.16 DTMF Generation Mode Introduction The DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) Generation mode generates the Touch-tone dialing tones for the American telephone network. The user can specify dialing digits "0" to "9", "∗", "#" as well as the extra DTMF digits "A" through "D". A start delay can be specified for each digit. The duration of each digit can also be specified. These two parameters make it possible to test the performance DTMF detection systems.
DTMF Generation Mode Parameters The DTMF Generation mode has the following front panel display: 2 1 DTMF generation: # 3 Delay: 1,000 mS Duration: 200 mS Level: -10.0 dBm 4 Figure 5.16-1: DTMF Generation mode display 1. Generated DTMF Digit The last DTMF digit that was generated is displayed in this field. To generate a DTMF digit, the cursor must be either in this field or the OFF position. If the cursor is in any other field (i.e.
5.17 DTMF Detection Mode Introduction The DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) Detection mode decodes and displays the Touch-tone dialing tones for the American telephone network. Signals to be decoded are applied to the External Mod In jack. Once a DTMF digit has been detected, it will appear on the LCD display and will also be sent to the RS232 terminal port. The input signal must be 10 Vp-p or less. If the input signal exceeds 10 Vp-p, the waveform will distort and adversely affect the DTMF detector.
DTMF Detection Mode Parameters The DTMF Detection mode has the following front panel display: DTMF detection on Ext Mod input: 1 123#A4 Figure 5.17-1: DTMF Detection mode display 1. DTMF Detected Digits All detected digits appear on this line of the display. The display shows up to 40 detected digits. When the 41st digit is detected, this line of the display is cleared and the new digit is printed on the left hand side. All detected digits are sent to the terminal port.
5.18 Power & Voltage Measurement Mode Introduction The Power & Voltage Measurement mode measures the signal level on the Ext Mod In connector and displays the power and voltage level on the LCD display. The Power Measurement mode applies to frequencies in the DC to 50 KHz range. All signals outside this frequency range are attenuated by an internal lowpass filter. A point-by-point true RMS power is calculated by the internal Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
5.19 Arbitrary Mode The Arbitrary Mode lets the user design custom waveforms on a PC and download them to the 630 for generation. The Arbitrary Waveform System is used to implement the Function Generator and Pulse Generator. For complete details on the Arbitrary Mode, refer to section 7.0 of this manual.
5.20 Remote Mode This menu permits the user to specify the RS232 baud rate or to disable the port. It might be useful to disable the port when you have a device connected to the RS232 port and you do not want characters that it may send to the 630 to affect the operation of the unit. The Remote Mode displays the menu: RS-232 baud rate: 9600 Use 0-9, arrow keys, or knob to select You may scroll through a list of the available baud rates by rotating the wheel or pressing an arrow key.
5.21 Other Mode This mode displays a menu of extended modes that are available on the 630. It is used to present additional operating modes that are not printed on the front keypad. The Other Mode menu is accessed by pressing the blue Mode key once and then the Clear key. The user is then presented with the following menu on the LCD display: Select Mode: 1. BPSK < > to scroll 2. Dualtone You can scroll through the list of available selections using the arrow keys.
5.22 Internal BPSK Mode Introduction The Internal BPSK mode generates a phase shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude. An internal timer is used as a modulating signal to switch the output phase between 0 and 180 degrees at a specified rate. The modulation is suppressed carrier; i.e. no carrier energy is present in the output waveform. This mode is available under the “other” modes menu.
5.23 External BPSK Mode Introduction The External BPSK mode generates a phase shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude. The logic level on the Ext FSK In connector is used as a modulating signal to shift the output phase between 0 and 180 degrees. The modulation is suppressed carrier; i.e. no carrier energy is present in the output waveform. NOTE: External BPSK is implemented by sampling the Ext FSK In line at 1.43 MHz. When a change in the state of the line is detected, the output phase is switched.
5.24 Dualtone Generation Mode Introduction The Dualtone Generation mode generates an output signal which is the sum of two sinusoids of equal amplitude. The frequency of each sinusoid may be individually specified with 1 Hz resolution. In addition, a phase offset may be specified which offsets the phase of one sinusoid with respect to the other. The resulting dualtone waveform may be gated on and off for specified intervals.
6. Level In this field enter the output level, from 4 mVp-p to 10 Vp-p in 1 mV steps or from -44.0 dBm to +21.0 dBm in .1 dBm steps. NOTE: The level specified is a 50 ohm LOADED level. This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 50 ohm load connected to the SIG Out connector. Into an open circuit, the output swing will be twice the value entered. Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output waveform. For more information on output offsets refer to section 4.4.
5.25 Data Modulation Mode Introduction The data modulation mode will digitally modulate a binary message of up to 960 bits (60 words) in length. The data is digitally modulated using FSK modulation at an adjustable baud rate. The mark and space frequencies may be independently specified from 0 Hz to 21.5 MHz with .01 Hz resolution. The baud rate is adjustable from 0 Hz to 130 KHz in 1 Hz steps. By specifying a Mark or Space frequency of 0 Hz, 100% digital AM modulation may also be done.
Data Modulation Mode Parameters 2 1 3 Int FSK: 1,000 Hz Mark: 1,000,000.00 Hz Space: 2,000,000.00 Hz Data 4 -10.0 dBm 5 Figure 5.25-1: Data Modulation mode display 1. Baud Rate In this field enter the frequency at which the data bits will modulate the output carrier. You may enter from 0 Hz to 130,000 Hz in 1 Hz steps. The baud rate frequency is accurate to 1 Hz from 0 Hz to 3900 Hz. It is accurate to within 1% across its full range of 0 Hz to 130,000 Hz. 2.
Downloading Modulation Message Data To download the modulation data, you must send an ASCII message to the 630 through the serial port. To do this, first cable the PC’s serial port to the 630 as shown in the Remote Operation section of this manual. The following example has you generate an ASCII disk file and download it to the 630. If the file already has the “W M” header, you may use the WAVELOAD.EXE utility with the “no header” option (/N) to send the file to the 630.
5.26 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) Mode Introduction The Voltage Controlled Oscillator mode allows the user to vary the output frequency between two specified frequencies using an externally applied voltage. By applying a voltage between -5.0V and +5.0V to the External Modulation In connector (rear panel), the output frequency can be adjusted between the Start and End frequency values. The control input bandwidth is DC to 35 KHz.
6.0 Remote Operation 6.1 Introduction The Remote Operation feature allows the user to control all operations of the 630 with a terminal or computer. Commands and responses use ASCII characters; permitting a "dumb" terminal to be used to control the 630. Each key on the front panel keypad has an ASCII letter associated with it. Sending this letter to the 630 through the serial port has the same effect as pressing that key on the keypad.
6.3 Checking your connection with HyperTerm A terminal program included with Windows 95/98 called HyperTerm can be used to test the serial port connection between your computer and the 630. This will verify that your cabling is good. After installing the cable, run HyperTerm from the Windows 95 start menu as follows: • Launch the program by clicking on START-Programs-Accessories-HyperTerminal • Double click on Hypertrm.exe • The program will ask you for a connection name.
6.4 Remote Control Operation Each key on the front keypad of the 630 has an associated ASCII character which, when sent to the 630 over the serial port, has the same effect as pressing that key on the keypad. At power-up, the 630’s RS232 baud rate is recalled from stored configuration 0. The factory default for this is 9600 baud. The remaining serial port parameters are always 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. The serial port on the controlling computer must be set to match these values.
6.6 Remote Control Commands The front panel keys and their associated ASCII chars are given by the diagram below. Sending these characters to the 630 has the same effect as pressing the associated button on the front panel. Tip: To familiarize yourself with the remote operation of the 630, it is helpful to run a terminal program on your PC and manually type the commands and watch the response. To get a help menu, press H. See section 6.3 for details.
V - Report hardware and software versions This command reports certain statistics particular to each 630. The hardware version and software version, a hexadecimal serial number, and a program memory checksum are all reported by this command: BNC model: 630 Software Version: 1.0 Hardware Version: 1.0 S/N: F45E3412AC56 PM Checksum: 0017829BB903 K1,0 - Enable, Disable front panel keys and rotary knob This command is used to disable or enable the front panel keypad and rotary knob.
F0-9 - Move cursor to field 0 to 9 This command is used to move the cursor directly to the specified field number. Each parameter field on the LCD display has an associated number with it, starting with 1 and increasing as you move from left to right, then top to bottom. For example, the Sweep mode has seven fields: St: 1,000,000.00 Hz Stp: 21,500,000.00 Hz Linear | Trig | Up | Time: 10,000 mS 10.0 dBm Each field is numbered as follows: Field 1 - St: 1,000,000.00 Hz Field 2 - Stp: 21,500,000.
6.7 Remote Control Examples The following are some examples of ASCII character command sequences: Example 1 B F1 3.141Z N 2.3Z F0 Note: You do not need spaces between the characters. They were added here only to make the commands more readable. This command sequence breaks down as follows: B F1 3.141Z N 2.3Z F0 - Set 630 to Sinewave mode Move cursor to field 1 (frequency field) Enter a freq. value of 3.141 MHz Move cursor to next cursor field (field 2, level field) Enter a level of +2.
7.0 Arbitrary Waveform Mode 7.1 Quick Start Guide This guide will show you how to download and generate SINE.FLT, an example waveform in floating point format. This file is on the supplied compact disk in the disc630\arb\examples directory. 1. Connect a serial port on you PC to the serial port connector on the rear of the 630. You may temporarily detach your serial mouse if needed to free up a serial port. (Mouse operation will be restored after the download).
7.2 Introduction to the Arbitrary Waveform System 7.2.1 Description of the Arbitrary Waveform Generator The Arbitrary Mode lets the user design custom waveforms on a PC and download them to the 630 for generation. Included with the Arbitrary Waveform system is a fully featured Function Generator. The function generator offers a set of prestored waveforms which are generated using the Arbitrary Waveform hardware. The user may select from many stored waveforms, and may also specify a repetition rate to 2 MHz.
7.2.2 Feature Summary Arbitrary Waveform Generator: l True Arbitrary Waveform Generation. Every point is generated, regardless of clock rate l Sample rate variable from 0 to 40 Megasamples/Second in .01 Hz steps l 32,768 maximum waveform points l 12 bit vertical resolution l Continuous/Triggered operation l Many data formats supported: Floating Point, Decimal, Integer, Hexadecimal, Binary, .CSV and .PRN formats l Host computer independent: No special protocols or software used for waveform downloads.
7.3 Switching Modes Switching to Arbitrary Waveform / Function Generator / Pulse Generator Mode To change to one of these modes, press the appropriate One Touch Mode Selection keys located on the left side of the front panel.
7.4 Arbitrary Waveform Mode 2 1 Arb Mode Int Clock Cont Phase: 126.35 deg Clk Freq: 40,000,000.00 Hz 1,000 mV 4 3 5 Figure 7.4-1: Arbitrary Waveform Mode display 1. Int Clock / Ext Clock / Lock Master Lock slave mode In this field select the clocking mode for the arbitrary waveform system: Internal Clock - The sample clock is generated internally. The clock frequency is entered directly via the front panel.
7.5 Function Generator Mode 2 1 Function Gen Cont Wave: Triangle Rep Freq: 2,000,000.00 Hz 4 3 1,000 mV 5 Figure 7.5-1: Function Generator Mode display 1. Waveform In this field select the desired function generator waveform. You may select from among the following: 0. Positive Ramp 1. Negative Ramp 2. Triangle 3. Random (noise) 4. Positive Exponential 5. Inverted Positive Exponential 6. Negative Exponential 7. Inverted Neg Exponential 8.
7.6 Pulse Generator Mode 2 1 Pulse Gen Cont Pos Only? N Duty Cycle: 50 % Rep Freq: 2,000,000.00 Hz 3 4 1,000 mV 5 1. Positive Only This field, when set to “Y”, does not let the output signal go below 0V. This feature is handy when driving circuitry that cannot accept negative voltages. This feature eliminates having to readjust the offset voltage to obtain a positive only signal every time the output level is changed.
7.7 Downloading Arbitrary Waveforms To download Arbitrary Waveform data to the 630, you must attach the serial port on your computer to the RS232 connector on the rear of the 630. For information on how to do this, refer to the chapter Remote Control Hookup. On the host computer, you may use the supplied DOS program WAVELOAD.EXE or you may send the data to the 630 from your own application program. The next two sections give details on each.
7.7.2 Using your own program You may use your own application program to send the arbitrary waveform data to the 630. To download a waveform to the 630, you need to send the following to the 630 through the serial port: 1. A two character header consisting of a) The “W” character. This tells the 630 to expect the download of an arbitrary waveform. b) A single character which specifies the data format.
7.8 Data Formats 7.8.1 Floating Point Format A floating point number consists of a mantissa and an optional exponent. Downloading floating point values is slower because it can take many characters to represent a single numeric value. This format has an advantage, however, because it is so flexible. Many sources of data (BASIC trig functions, spreadsheets, digital oscilloscopes, and waveform design packages) can generate data in this format. Rules for Floating Point format: 1.
7.8.2 Time & Value Floating Point Format This format uses the same numerical format as Floating Point except that a Time, or Point Number value precedes each Point Value. Since the 630 does not need the Time or Point Number, specifying this format causes the 630 to skip every other number it encounters, starting with the first floating point number. All rules for this format are identical to those for Floating Point Format, except that the Time or Point Number value need not be between +1.0 and -1.
7.8.3 Digital Format The Digital format was implemented as an easy way to design purely digital waveforms, i.e. waveforms that are either high or low. The digital format provides a very efficient way of representing waveforms that assume only a high or low value. If the value of the data point is 0, then the SIG Out output is set to its minimum negative output voltage and the SYNC Out output is set to the logic Low state (0V) for that point.
7.8.4 Integer Format This format represents a full-scale output with a base 10 number that ranges from -2047 to +2047 as follows: -2047 ---- -1024 --- 0 ---- 1024 ---- 2047 -1.0 -.5 0.0 +.5 +1.0 Rules for Integer format: 1. The 630 expects all Integer values to be between -2047 and +2047. If a number falls outside that range, the number is set to +2047 or -2047. These correspond to the peak values of the waveform. If the output voltage level were set for 5V p-p, for example, then +2047 corresponds to +2.
7.8.5 Hexadecimal Format This format sends the same two's complement data that Binary format uses, except that each nibble (4 bits) of the hex value is represented by an ASCII character. Each data point is a 16 bit value which is sent to the 630 as 4 ASCII characters.
7.8.6 Binary Format This is the fastest way to send points to the 630 since it transfers the data point with only 2 characters. (It is also the least forgiving as far as getting the data sent correctly). Each data point is a 16 bit word which is sent to the 630 in two bytes. The high byte is sent first, followed by the low byte. The 16 bit value is in "two's complement" format, which represents a number from -1.0 to +1.0 as follows: 8000 ---- E000 ---- FFFF,0 ---- 4000 ---- 7FFF -1.0 -.5 0.0 +.5 +1.
7.9 Multiple Unit Locking Introduction to Multiple Arb Locking With this feature, users may lock several arbitrary waveform generators together to generate multiple simultaneous signals which are locked together in frequency. The user may then adjust a phase offset field to obtain a desired phase relationship between the waveforms with a minimum phase resolution of .01 degrees. Any shape of waveform may be used.
More on Phase Offsets Phase Offsets are accomplished using a reset signal which is shared by all units. This signal tells all units to jump to a particular waveform point at the same time. By changing which point in the waveform is jumped to, the starting phase of the waveform may be adjusted. The 630 has a phase offset field which allows the user to specify a starting phase from 0 degrees to 359.99 degrees. This phase is relative to the Master Unit’s waveform phase, which is always 0 degrees.
7.10 Example Arb Program ARB.BAS ARB.BAS is a program written in Microsoft Quick Basic which calculates the points of a sinewave and downloads them to the 630 as an arbitrary waveform. The program can generate the waveform in all of the supported formats (Floating Point, Integer, Hexadecimal, and Binary) and shows how SYNC Out can be asserted during waveform points. This program can serve as a good starting point for writing you own waveform generation programs.
Program Listing - ARB.BAS '****************************************************************************** '* BNC Model 630 * '* * '* Arbitrary Waveform Data Generator Example * '* * '****************************************************************************** ' Program Description ' This program generates a sinewave and downloads the data points to the ' 630 for generation with the Arbitrary Waveform Generator. ' ' It can generate the data in a variety of different number formats.
' ------------------------------- Main Loop -------------------------------' This loop calculates each point of the arbitrary waveform. ' It then calls one of several subroutines (depending on what format you ' would like the data in) to send the data to the 630 NUMPOINTS = 80 ' Total number of points generated Phase# = 0 ' Reset sinewave phase accumulator to 0 PhaseInc# = 2 * 3.
'****************************************************************************** ' Subroutines ' ' These subroutines take a value in PointVal (which ranges from -1.0 to +1.0) ' and converts it to various data formats, (i.e. Floating Point, Binary, ' ASCII Hex, and Integer) and then sends that value to the 630. ' ' Before the first data point is sent, a Header consisting of two characters ' is sent to the 630.
'------------------------- Send Integer data to 630 ---------------------' This format sends a base 10 number which is in the range -2047 to +2047 ' ' The integer numbers represent -1.0 to +1.0 as follows: ' ' -2047 ---- -1024 --- 0 ---- 1024 ---- 2047 ' -1.0 -.5 0.0 +.5 +1.0 ' ' Rules for Integer format: ' ' 1. The 630 expects all Integer values to be between -2047 and +2047. ' If a number falls outside that range, the number is set to -2047 or +2047. ' These correspond to the peak values of the waveform.
'------------------------- Send ASCII Hex data to 630 ---------------------' This format sends the same two's complement data that Binary format uses, ' except that each nibble (4 bits) of the hex value is represented by ' an ASCII character. ' ' ' Each point is a 16 bit word which is sent to the 630 with 4 characters.
'------------------------- Send Binary data to 630 -----------------------' This is the fastest way to send points to the 630 since it transfers ' the data point with only 2 characters. It is also the least forgiving ' as far as getting the data sent correctly. ' ' Each data point is a 16 bit word which is sent to the 630 in two bytes. ' The high byte is sent first, followed by the low byte. ' The 16 bit value is in "two's complement" format, which represents a number ' from -1.0 to +1.
8.0 DC Operation Option Description The DC Operation Option allows the user to power the 630 from a DC voltage source in the 9-36 VDC range. The user may easily switch between the AC Line supply and a DC source. This option is most useful for service and remote applications where AC power is not available. A 20-72V input voltage range is also available. Please contact BNC for availability. Specifications: • Input Voltage Range: 9-36 VDC • Max.
9.0 630 Specifications Main Output Frequency: DC to 21.5000000 MHz, .01 Hz steps Level: 4 mVp-p to 10.000 Vp-p, 1 mV steps (into 50 Ω) or -44.0 dBm to +24.0 dBm, .1 dBm steps (into 50 Ω) Level Accuracy: ± 1% Flatness: ± .2 dB (DC-10 MHz), +4dB (10MHz – 21.5MHz) @5vpp (into 50 Ω) DC offset: 0V to ± 6.0 V, 1 mV steps (into 50 Ω) Output impedance: 50 Ω Freq. accuracy: ± 10 ppm (.001%) Spectral Purity: > -35 dBc (DC-21.5 MHz) Distortion: 0.01Hz to 100KHz <1% External Modulation Input Max.
10.0 The Compact Disk Description The compact disk which accompanies this manual contains a number of useful utilities and example programs, which are in directory /disc630. Below is a list of the directories on this disk and a description of the files within each. Within each directory is a file called README which explains the purpose of the files in that directory. The files and their purpose are listed here as a convenient reference: CALIBRATE SG100CAL.EXE SG100CAL.
Appendix A Example remote control host program This chapter contains an example program written in Microsoft QuickBasic for remotely controlling the 630. It can be used as a starting point for writing your own remote control applications. The program illustrates several basic techniques for remotely controlling the 630 with a control program. The program begins by showing how to detect the presence of the 630 on the serial port.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------' Program Start '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------DECLARE SUB Delay (X%) DECLARE SUB Pause () CLS ' Declare functions used below.
'----------- Set a frequency and level on the 630 -------------' Send the following command string to the 630: ' A F1 18.432Z F2 0.0Z F0 ' These characters have the following meaning: ' A - Reset the 630 to Sinewave mode ' F1 - Move cursor to field 1 (the frequency field) ' 18.432Z - Enter a frequency of 18.432 MHz ' F2 - Move cursor to field 2 (the level field) ' 0.0Z - Enter a level of 0.0 dBm ' F0 - Move cursor to field 0 (turns cursor off) PRINT #1, "A F1 18.432Z F2 0.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------' SUBROUTINES '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------' These subroutines are also used by other example programs.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------' Flush all Rx chars from Port 1 buffer '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------FlushBuff1: IF LOC(1) = 0 THEN GOTO DoTimeout1 a$ = INPUT$(LOC(1), #1) ' Get all waiting chars in Rx buffer ' Now wait for a time-out time to make sure no new stuff is coming in. DoTimeout1: CALL Delay(.
Appendix B Television Remote Control Example This chapter contains an example program written in Microsoft QuickBasic for controlling the 630 remotely. It is used here to drive an infrared LED to issue commands to a TV or a VCR. It uses the 630 in Burst mode to emulate the same waveforms used in many infrared remote control transmitters. Background Many TV remote controls operate by flashing an infrared LED at a carrier frequency rate in the ultrasonic frequency band (usually 30-40 KHz).
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------' Program Start '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------DECLARE SUB Delay (X%) ' Declare functions used below.
'----------- Make sure a 630 is attached to the serial port -------------' If we send the 630 a control E character, it will respond with a control C. We use ' this feature to see if a 630 is attached. If a 630 cannot be found, wait until ' one is attached. ' User can abort the program at this point by pressing any key. ' When power is applied to the 630, it prints a menu to the serial port. ' We wish to disregard these characters, so flush them.
GetCommand: CLS PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT : PRINT " 1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5. " " Power on/off" Channel Up" Channel Down" Volume Up" Volume Down" ESC To exit program" Please select a command >" CommandPoll: a$ = INKEY$ IF a$ = "" THEN GOTO CommandPoll IF a$ = CHR$(27) THEN SYSTEM ' Exit the program on ESC keypress IF a$ < "1" OR a$ > "5" THEN GOTO GetCommand PRINT : PRINT PRINT "Command sent." ' Is input valid? ' Tell user command will be sent.
Product Warranty The 630 is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for one year from the date of first purchase or shipment to the end user. BNC will at its option repair or replace a defective unit under warranty. Repairs are also warranted against defects in material and workmanship for one year. All product options are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for one year from the date of first purchase or shipment to the end user.
Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation Model 630 User’s Manual _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation Internet: http://www.berkeleynucleonics.com 3060 Kerner Blvd.