Vipersat CDM-570/570L Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide Part Number 22125 Revision 2.
Vipersat CDM-570/570L Version 1.5.3 User Guide Part number 22125 Document Revision 2.0 Firmware Version 1.5.
Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.vipersat.com Part Number 22125 Manual Revision 2.0 Firmware Version 1.5.3 ©2006 by Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. All products, names, and services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Document Revision Status Document Revision Date Description Affected Pages Rev. 1.0 Rev. 2.0 Initial release of document Modifications for Firmware version 1.5.3 N/A All 10/06/05 5/12/06 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice or obligation. Although CVNI has made every effort to verify the content of this document, CVNI assumes no responsibility for liability due to errors that may appear in this document.
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Table of Contents General How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Manual Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 1 — General . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration 1-1 Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Appendix A — Network Addressing . . 1-2 Appendix B — Automatic Switching . . 1-2 Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control1-2 Appendix D — Network Migration . . . 1-2 Conventions and References . . . . . . . .
Slot Start in Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Set Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Adding a Remote to the STDMA Group . 3-15 Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Remote Count . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Set Remote Policies . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Delete Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 Enable/Disable Remote . . . . . . . 3-19 View Remote(s) . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 Remove Timeout . . . . . . . . . . 3-20 Remove Retry Timeout . . . . . . . 3-20 STDMA Statistics . . . . . . . . . . .
Load Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by the STDMA Controller:. . . . . . . . .B-2 Load Switching Process . . . . . . . . .B-6 Load Switching by a Remote . . . . . .B-6 Determining Need-for-Change. . . . . .B-7 Load Switch Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8 Reduced data flow in switched mode (SCPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10 Application switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11 Type of Service (ToS) Switching . . . . . . .
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List of Figures Chapter 2 Figures Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Figure 2-2 Administration screen . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen . . . . . 2-6 Figure 2-4 Feature and Unlock Code dialog. . . 2-6 Figure 2-5 Working Mode dialog . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Figure 2-6 Configuring the Route Table screen 2-9 Figure 2-7 Tx Configuration screen . . . . . . . . 2-10 Figure 2-8 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub). .
Figure 3-61 Figure 3-62 3-45 Figure 3-63 Figure 3-64 Figure 3-65 Figure 3-66 Figure 3-67 Figure 3-68 Figure 3-69 Figure 3-70 Figure 3-71 Figure 3-72 Figure 3-73 Figure 3-74 Figure 3-75 Home State Configuration screen3-44 Force Modem to Home State warning Transmit Frequency prompt . . . . 3-45 Transmit Data Rate prompt. . . . . 3-46 Transmit FEC Type prompt. . . . . 3-46 Transmit Coding Rate prompt . . . 3-46 Transmit Modulation Type prompt3-47 Transmit Power Level prompt . . .
CHAPTER GENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the CDM-570/570L Satellite Network Modem Router, and guides the user in how to configure this product for use in a Vipersat network. The material covered addresses only those areas specific to a CDM-570/570L running in Vipersat mode, and complements the universal features and functions described in the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual.
How to Use This Manual Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) Describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDM-570/ 570L in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen is presented along with a detailed description and related commands. Appendix A — Network Addressing Supplemental reference information on binary math and network addressing to assist with integrating the CDM-570/570L into a Vipersat network.
How to Use This Manual The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supplementary information for the reader: • CDM-570/570L Modem Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDM570L.
Product Description Product Description Introduction The Vipersat CDM-570 and CDM-570L (L-band) Satellite Network Modem Routers offer state of the art performance and reliability in a sophisticated and cost-effective 1RU package. The CDM-570/570L integrates router functionality into the modem, completely eliminating external serial port cabling, and allowing connection of a 10/100 Base-T LAN/WAN directly to the modem.
P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n • Multi-Transponder Mode (MTM) Functions • Dynamic Power Control (DPC) for Environment or Mesh Links • Upstream Bandwidth Management Switching for Application, Load, Scheduled, Manual, or VESP • Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC) Bandwidth-On-Demand • 10/100BaseT Ethernet LAN/WAN Interface • Per Route IP Filtering • Multi-Protocol Support • Built-In Header and Payload Compression for Improved Satellite Bandwidth Efficiencies • Built-In Quality of Service (QoS) Functions for Traffic Pri
Product Description Turbo Product Coding The Comtech Vipersat CDM-570/570L incorporates a Turbo Product Codec (TPC). TPC is a FEC technique that delivers significant performance improvement when compared to Viterbi with concatenated Reed-Solomon. TPC simultaneously offers increased coding gain, lower decoding delay, and significant bandwidth savings.
P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n 1.5.3 Release New Redundancy Features Redundancy Heartbeat Message for Primary Hub Units Provides the option for a periodic communications check message to be sent from the Hub modem to the VMS for backup recovery in N:M redundancy (protected) configurations. This feature allows the message interval to be specified by the administrator, and can be enabled through either the CLI or the VMS.
Product Description modem parameters are now preserved across firmware upgrades and reboots, eliminating a potential cause of communications failure. Vipersat File Streaming (VFS) The Vipersat File Streaming feature option allows data files to be streamed over the Vipersat network at high transmission rates between PC hosts running the VFS application. Automatic Home State Control (Remote Unit) VMS communications management of Remote units is now improved with the Home State Revert feature.
C u s t om e r S u p p o r t Customer Support Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: 1+510-252-1462 Fax: 1+510-252-1695 Email: support@vipersat.com Return Material Authorization Any equipment returned to Vipersat must have a Return Material Authorization (RMA) issued prior to return.
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CHAPTER QUICK START CONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of a Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L Modem/Router that is necessary in order for the equipment to function in a Vipersat network. The Vipersat CDM-570/570L stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the PARAM file. Equipment configuration is typically performed through the use of the Command Line Interface (CLI), particularly the initial configuration.
Introduction Caution: Do not connect the TX and RX cables to test equipment without the use of a DC voltage block. If BUC or LNB power is disabled through the CLI, the setting must be Saved to prevent accidental re-enabling during modem reboot or power-cycle.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Initial Configuration NOTE Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator. Terminal Connection These procedures are performed using the CLI from a workstation connected to the modem/router either via a direct connection to the Console port (a console cable is shipped with each unit), or via a telnet connection to the Traffic 100 port.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Table 2-1 CDM-570/570L Network Roles and Functions CDM-570/570L Network Role/Function Hub Burst Controller providing STDMA Timing Maps Hub Point-to-Point SCPC Modem Hub Switched Demodulator Remote STDMA Modem Remote Point-to-Point SCPC Modem Remote Mesh Demodulator Hub Remote Expansion X X X X X X X X Setting Vipersat CDM-570/570L Operating Parameters The following is an example of using the CLI to bring a Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L with factory default settings to t
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen 2. From the Administration screen shown in figure 2-2, select the Features Configuration command by entering F at the command prompt. Figure 2-2 Administration screen 3. From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2-3, verify whether or not the Vipersat Feature Codes appear as shown in the figure.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen Figure 2-4 Feature and Unlock Code dialog Tip: The network administrator will have the feature and unlock codes. These are stored by the MAC address for the target CDM-570/570L. The target unit’s MAC address can be found by entering an I and then an E from the Main Menu shown in figure 2-1. 2-6 4.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Table 2-2 CDM-570/570L Network Roles and Features Unit Role Hub Hub Expansion Remote Remote Expansion Vipersat STDMA Auto Switching Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled (optional) Enabled Disabled (optional) Enabled Disabled (optional) Enabled Disabled (optional) Enabled Disabled 6. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. 7. Enter X at the command prompt to exit the Feature Configuration menu and return to the Administration screen. 8.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Configure the Route Table Routing in a Vipersat Network CDM-570/570L modem/routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the small or large network described in the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual. There is no HDLC address in a Vipersat network; instead, the CDM-570/570L role designation — Hub or Remote, Expansion unit or not — determines routing rules that prevent multicast loops. This simplifies the configuration of a Vipersat network.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n that must be created is a gateway address for routing the data traffic that is received by the unit. 1. From the Main Menu shown in figure 2-1, select Route Table by entering R at the command prompt. 2. From the Configuring the Route Table screen shown in figure 2-6, enter 1 at the command prompt to set the first route that will define the default gateway.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n If this Hub unit is providing the TDM outbound, a route statement or statements defining satellite communications with the Remote units must be entered as well. One recommended option is to enter a single super-route that will handle satellite communications with all of the remote subnets; an example of this is shown as Route002 in figure 2-6, above. 4. Enter S at the command prompt in figure 2-6 to save the settings to flash.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Vipersat Configuration 1. Enter V at the Main Menu command prompt shown in figure 2-1 to select the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 2-8. Figure 2-8 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) 2. Enter R at the command prompt to toggle the Unit Role to either Hub or Remote. This parameter will determine the role the target CDM-570/570L will perform in the network and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS. 3.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n 6. Enter V at the command prompt to set the Receive Multicast Address. The Receive Multicast Address is the multicast IP address assigned to the VMS and to all units in the network. The Hub modem transmits the multicast to this IP address, and the Remotes receive the multicast on this address. 7. Enter I at the command prompt to set the Managing IP Address. The Managing IP Address is the IP address of the VMS server. 8.
CHAPTER USING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (CLI) General This chapter describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDM-570/570L Modem Router in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen related to a CDM-570/570L operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands. For descriptions of all other screens, refer to the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual.
General not applied. However, if these changes are not saved prior to a system reset or power cycle, they will be lost. Exit To Exit the current menu screen and return to the previous screen in the menu tree, enter X at the command prompt. Telnet Logout Enter L at the command prompt to Logout of the Telnet session. This command appears only when connected via Telnet.
Menu Descriptions Menu Descriptions This section details the CLI command menus and briefly discusses the function of each of the commands available on each menu. Main menu The Main Menu, shown in figure 3-1, allows configuring both the modem and router functions of the target CDM-570/570L.
Menu Descriptions Figure 3-2 Administration screen Enter an F at the prompt to display the Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-3.
Menu Descriptions The Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-3 allows enabling and disabling CDM-570/570L features. Use this menu to enable and disable Vipersat features such as: • Vipersat STDMA • Vipersat Auto Switching • Vipersat File Streamer NOTE Note: You must enable and disable these Vipersat features using this screen. They cannot be enabled or disabled from the Vipersat Configuration screen.
Menu Descriptions Vipersat STDMA In order to utilize the Vipersat STDMA feature in the target Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L, this feature must be enabled. Enter A at the command prompt to toggle on or off. Vipersat Auto Switching In order to utilize the auto switching capabilities of the target Vipersat CDM-570/570L, toggle the auto switch command to enabled by entering W at the command prompt. Vipersat Auto Switching must be enabled for networks requiring Load or Application switching to SCPC connections.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat Configuration Enter V at the command prompt from the CDM-570/570L Main Menu shown in figure 3-1 to display the Vipersat Configuration screen shown in figure 3-5. Figure 3-5 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) This menu lists the available commands for configuring a Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L. Note that for the Hub modem only, the command Primary Heart Beat is displayed in the Vipersat Configuration screen.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-6 STDMA screen (Hub, Dynamic Cycle type) Figure 3-7 STDMA screen (Remote) STDMA This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDM-570/570L. In order to change the STDMA state in the CDM-570/570L, refer to the section “Feature Configuration” on page 3-4.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n STDMA Tx Rate This menu item shows the STDMA transmit rate in bps. This item is read-only and cannot be modified in this menu. Hub Type This menu item is only displayed if the CDM-570/570L is being used as a Hub in the network.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n 1 -- Fixed In the Fixed mode, all remotes have the same slot size regardless of type of traffic or load. 2 -- Dynamic Slot In the Dynamic Slot mode, the slot size for each remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the Bytes in Queue. If the result is less than the minimum slot size or more than the maximum slot size, the slot is adjusted accordingly.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n This mode is designed to accommodate the needs of a remote which will not be continuously connected to the network, but which has the need to be able to make an on-demand connection when required, such as a mobile remote. Note that the switch occurs as soon as the hub receives an STDMA ACK even though there may not be traffic at that time. The persistence of the link will be determined by the unit’s flag settings.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n group. The burstmap is a proprietary message sent from the Hub to all remotes, at regular intervals, specifying the relative start time and duration for each terminal to transmit. To change the current address, enter N at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-10. Figure 3-10 Burstmap Multicast IP prompt Outbound IP This menu item, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current Outbound IP address.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-12 Cycles per Burst Map prompt Slot Guardband This menu item displays the current length of the slot guardband in milliseconds and the size of the guardband in bytes for the target CDM-570/570L. Figure 3-13 Slot Guardband prompt On a Hub unit, this value can be modified by entering G at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-13 and entering a new value. On Remote units, this menu item is an information-only display.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n NOTE Note: Refer to the Viper Calculator for determining preamble length values to enter at the command prompt. If you not have a copy of the latest Viper Calculator, contact your Comtech Vipersat Networks representative to inquire about a copy.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Slot Start in Cycle This menu item is an information-only display for Remote modems, and indicates how much time passes from the start of the spin cycle until this Remote is provided a time slot. In the example shown in figure 3-7, the Remote is provided the first slot in the cycle (0 mSec). Set Remotes This menu item appears in the STDMA screen when the Unit Role is Hub. From a Hub CDM-570/570L, entering R at the command prompt displays the STDMA Remotes Menu.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-17 Adding a Remote to the STDMA group Once a Remote has been added to the group, its Status in the group is displayed by the use of the following letters: • U = Used – This Remote is being used in the burstmap Once a remote has been added to the STDMA group, this status will always be displayed.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Remote Count The Remote Count menu item in figure 3-16 is an information only display showing the total number of Remotes that currently belong to the STDMA group for this Hub modem. Set Remote Policies This menu item, which appears for GIR and Entry Channel Hub types, allows each Remote to be configured for specific data switching conditions.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n The Remote Policies screen for an Entry Channel Hub type allows the SCPC data rates and switch types to be specified for when a Remote will switch and the desired starting point for communications. Figure 3-21 Entry Channel Switch Rates screen Entering the Remote number at the command prompt in figure 3-21 allows the SCPC Data Rate and the Switch Type for that Remote to be set, as shown in figure 3-22.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-24 Global Switch Type prompt Delete Remote Entering D at the command prompt shown in figure 3-16 brings up the Delete Remote dialog shown in figure 3-25. Figure 3-25 Delete Remote prompt Enter the number of the Remote CDM-570/570L at the command prompt to delete it from the STDMA group for this Hub modem. Enable/Disable Remote Enter E at the command prompt in figure 3-16 to display the dialog shown in figure 3-26.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-27 View Remote(s) screen The display is for information only and pressing any key will return you to the menu shown in figure 3-16. Remove Timeout Entering R at the command prompt shown in figure 3-16 will display the Remove Timeout dialog shown in figure 3-28. Note that the menu item shown in figure 3-16 shows the current setting (in seconds) for this parameter.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-29 Remove Retry Timeout prompt When a Remote is removed from the STDMA group, as described in the section “Remove Timeout” above, entering a value in the Remove Retry Timeout dialog above defines the amount of time (in seconds) that is allowed to pass before a retry attempt is made to return the removed Remote to the group.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-31 STDMA Statistics screen (Remote) The window of time that is used to average the accumulation of statistics can be set by entering W at the command prompt in the Hub screen, then entering the number of seconds (from 1 to 20). To clear (reset to 0) these statistics, enter C at the command prompt.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n the Nominal Data Slot Size and the Minimum Data Slot Size parameters. These parameters are operator selectable. The speed with which STDMA reacts to changes in dynamic load is a function of the Statistics Accumulation Window parameter and the Cycles per Burst Map parameter, both of which are also operator selectable.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-34 STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching screen (Remote) Auto Switching The Auto Switching item is for information only and shows the current configuration of the target CDM-570/570L. This feature is Enabled and Disabled as described in section “Feature Configuration” on page 3-4. Auto Switching must be Enabled in order to utilize any of the related features/commands in this menu.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Detection of the voice and video traffic occurs in the Remote modem classifier, which looks at traffic that is passed in both directions (Hub-to-Remote and Remote-to-Hub). Once the Voice and Video Switch Detection features are enabled, the Remote modem will send an Automatic Switch Request (ASR) to the VMS when an SIP and/or H.323 call is detected. The ASR contains the destination IP address of the RTP packets.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n most encryption methods, ToS switching provides an alternative means of SCPC switching when encryption prevents the detection of SIP and H.323 protocols. ToS detection occurs in the Remote modem classifier which only looks at traffic that is passed in the LAN-to-SAT (Remote to Hub) direction. Once the ToS Switch Detection feature is enabled, the Remote modem will send an ASR to the VMS when a packet stamped with the ToS is detected.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n classifier, which looks at traffic that is passed in both directions (Hub-toRemote and Remote-to-Hub). When an IP packet matches a defined QoS rule, the Remote modem sends an ASR to the VMS that contains the destination address of the detected packet, the defined bit rate, and the policy type. If available hardware and bandwidth exist, the VMS will establish the SCPC carrier automatically.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-35 QoS Configuration screen Enter Q at the command prompt in figure 3-35 to access the QoS Rules Configuration screen, as shown in figure 3-36. Figure 3-36 QoS Rules Configuration screen Configure the desired number of rules that are necessary for the applications to be used for this network. Refer to the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual for details on configuring QoS Rules for the CDM-570/570L.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-37 QoS Rules Based Switching screen Determine which QoS rules will be used as a basis for performing SCPC switching, then configure the VMS policy type, the SCPC switch rate, and the timeout value to be associated with each rule. Assigning a 0 (zero) value means that no SCPC switch will occur for that rule.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n NOTE Note: Load Switching must be enabled for each CDM-570/570L in a network that is going to perform Load Switching in order for the VMS to dynamically optimize network performance as load conditions change on these circuits. Application switching by the VMS, such as for Voice and/or Video, is not affected by this setting. However, using Load Switching for real-time applications is not recommended. STDMA Slot Capacity This menu item appears for Hub modems only.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-39 STDMA Switch Delay prompt Percent Allocation The Percent Allocation menu item allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after the switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode. Typically the default value will be optimum, but if there may be a larger bandwidth requirement after the switch, the percent allocation value can be increased.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n The SCPC Step Down Threshold establishes the percentage of bandwidth use that will trigger a switch down from the present SCPC rate to a lower rate to ensure efficient bandwidth usage. Typically the default value will be optimum, but if a different threshold is desired, an alternate value can be specified by entering D at the command prompt in figure 3-34. Note that this value must be less than the value specified for the SCPC Step Up Threshold.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-41 ToS Switching Control screen ToS Switching Entry After determining what ToS value to use, either application or router classifier, select a ToS entry from the list for configuration or edit. The screen will prompt for inputs to the list of range-checked values, as shown in the sample dialog in figure 3-42 that displays the entries for TOS 03.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n • Enter the TOS SCPC Switch Data Rate - Enter the desired data rate for this service type. Valid entries are from 0 to 10,000 Kbps. This setting will override the VMS set policy value. • Enter the TOS SCPC Timeout - This timer monitors the defined packet flow. Once data stops for the duration of the timer setting, the link state will be restored to the home state condition. Valid entries are from 1 to 60 seconds.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Unit Role The Unit Role configuration determines whether the target CDM-570/570L is to function as a Remote or as a Hub in the Vipersat satellite network. From the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5), enter R to display the dialog shown in figure 3-45. Figure 3-45 Unit Role prompt The choice made in this command will determine the role the target CDM-570/ 570L will perform in the network and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Network ID The Network ID that is assigned to the unit defines to what network the target CDM-570/570L will belong. All units used in a network will have the same Network ID. Enter B at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5) to display the dialog shown in figure 3-47.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n configuration data, including the CDM-570/570L’s IP address. When the VMS receives the unicast response, it registers the CDM-570/570L on the network. Enter V at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5) to display the dialog shown in figure 3-49. Figure 3-49 Receive Multicast IP Address prompt Switch requests can be unicast to the VMS server and unicast switch commands received from the VMS by the CDM-570/570L.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n N:M redundancy (protected) configurations. The message interval can be specified by the administrator through the VMS. Enter P at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-5) to toggle this feature between Enabled and Disabled. Home State Revert This menu item appears for the Remote modem only.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-51 DPC Configuration screen (STDMA mode) Figure 3-52 DPC Configuration screen (SCPC mode) NOTE Note: The following descriptions will refer to the CDM-570/570L as either modulator or demodulator for simplicity and understanding.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Calibrated Data Rate This menu item is for information only and displays the Calibrated Data Rate in Kbps for the target CDM-570/570L. There is a proportional relationship between data rate and power level; as the data rate increases, there is a corresponding increase in transmit power level, and vice versa. Nominal Power Level This menu item is for information only and displays the Nominal Power Level in dB for the modulator.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-54 Minimum Power Level prompt (CDM-570L) The value entered sets the minimum power level allowed by all SCPC modulators. Max Step Down Power The Maximum Step Down Power value sets the largest step reduction in transmit power permitted when the DPC is adjusting the power downward to achieve the target set point. The default value for this parameter is 3 dB. Enter D at the command prompt to display the Max Step Down Power dialog shown in figure 3-55.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Target EbNo The Target EbNo is the desired operating receive level for closed loop servo control. This is the value used by the receiving CDM-570/570L for comparison with the actual received Eb/No. This information is sent back to the transmitting terminal for output power level adjustment as necessary. Enter T at the command prompt in the DPC Configuration screen to display the Target EbNo dialog shown in figure 3-57. The default value for this parameter is 10 dB.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Enter Q at the command prompt in the DPC Configuration screen to display the Speed Up EbNo dialog shown in figure 3-59. The default value for this parameter is 5 dB. Figure 3-59 Speed Up EbNo prompt Target DPC Address The Target DPC Address identifies the modem that is transmitting to this CDM-570/570L, and will be receiving the PLDM messages that provide the current Eb/No value for this CDM-570/570L.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen to display the Home State Configuration screen shown in figure 3-61. The parameters entered using this menu define the settings the target CDM-570/ 570L will go to when it returns to its Home State, either as the result of a command by the VMS, or as it comes back on line from a reset or a power cycle.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Tip: This command is useful when a CDM-570/570L’s initial set up is completed and the unit is functioning as desired in a network. Force Modem to Home State If at any time it is desired to have a CDM-570/570L return to its Home State, this command (enter Y) can be executed. The Home State parameter values are “forced” into the Base Modem configuration so that they match.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-64 Transmit Data Rate prompt Note that the valid range for this parameter will vary depending on the modulation type, coding rate, and FAST feature data rate. Transmit FEC Type Enter C at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-65 to enter the FEC Coding Type for the CDM-570/570L’s home state. Turbo must be selected when operating in Vipersat mode.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Transmit Modulation Type Entering E at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3-67 to set the Transmit Modulation Type for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state. Figure 3-67 Transmit Modulation Type prompt Transmit Power Level Enter F at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-68 to set the Transmit Power Level for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Note that this screen dialog example displays the frequency range for the CDM570L L-Band modem. For the CDM-570, the range displayed will be either 50 to 90 MHz or 100 to 180 MHz. Receive Data Rate Enter N at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-70 to set the Receive Data Rate for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-72 Receive Coding Rate prompt Note that Coding Rates 3 (1/2), 4 (2/3), and 8 (1/1) are not valid selections when operating in Vipersat mode with Turbo Product Coding. Receive Modulation Type Enter Q at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-73 to set the Receive Modulation Type for the target CDM-570/570L’s home state.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-74 Vipersat Summary screen The Node ID number that appears in this screen verifies that the unit is registered with the VMS and is active in the network. This number is automatically assigned by the VMS. The two frequency listings are for the modulator (0) and the demodulator (1) for the CDM-570/570L. The IF values represent the Intermediate Frequency (Hz) that this unit is currently using.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-75 Vipersat Migration prompt Refer to Appendix D, Firmware Installation, in this document for additional information on the use of this command.
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APPENDIX NETWORK ADDRESSING This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDM-570/570L for use in Vipersat Networks.
The OSI Reference Model The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols. Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers The OSI model defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1.
The OSI Reference Model Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underlying protocols in use. For example, routers operate at Layer 3.
B i na r y Ma t h Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit represented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s. A byte is also referred to as an octet. Figure A-2 Bits and Bytes An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique shown in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3. The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number.
B i n ar y M at h The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot. This notation style is called dotted decimal notation. Each IP address can be broken down into two parts, as shown in the example below: Example: 128.121.188.201 The first two octets are the network ID: 128.
I P A d d r e s s in g • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Class HighOrder-Bits 1st Octet Decimal Range Networks Available Hosts Available Class A 0 1-126.x.y.z 126 16,777,214 Class B 10 128-191.x.y.z 16,384 65,534 Class C 110 192-223.x.y.z 2,097,152 254 Figure A-4 IP Address Classes A, B, C Class C • 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x • 2,097,152 Class Cs exist • Can have 254 hosts on each Class C • 24-bit network number • 8-bit node number Class D • 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: • 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 Network Address Translation (NAT) Private networks can only connect to the public Internet by using a Network Address Translation (NAT) device (a router, for example) or a proxy server which has been assigned a public IP address.
I P A d d r e s s in g Subnetting is required if the network is segmented. Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment. The table in Figure A-6 shows the default subnet mask used for each class of IP address. CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Class Mask Decimal Value Mask Binary Value Class A 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 Class B 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g Dotted Decimal Address Binary Values IP Address 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000 Figure A-7 ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask A calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at: http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/SelectProgramFree.
I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing.
APPENDIX AUTOMATIC SWITCHING General Automatic switching is a feature of VMS which allows dynamically changing network configuration in response to changes in either traffic type (application switching) or network traffic loads (load switching.) The following discussions apply to the Vipersat CDM-570/570L, CDD-564L, and CDM-600. Throughout the following discussion, these units are referred to as modem/routers.
Load Switching excess margin. The main difference between switching from STDMA to SCPC and adjusting within SCPC is that in STDMA mode, the current available bandwidth is constantly changing while in SCPC mode it is constant between switches. Furthermore, switches from STDMA to SCPC mode are always caused by the traffic level exceeding the switch threshold. Within SCPC mode, switches can be caused by traffic exceeding an upper threshold or dropping below a lower threshold.
L o a d S w i t c h in g 3. Determine if a load switch is needed. Table 2.
Load Switching remote is divided by the total Bytes in Queue for all remotes to give the percentage allocation for each remote.) • Dynamic Slot Mode - The slot size for each remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the Bytes in Queue. If the result is less than the minimum slot size or more than the maximum slot size, the slot is adjusted accordingly.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Table B-2 Figure B-1 Hub autoswitching menu • Auto Switching - This is a Vipersat Feature which is enabled in the CDM Features Menu. If Auto Switching is not enabled, Load Switching will be ignored. • Load Switching - This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a remote. If this mode is not set, then no remote will be switched based on load. • STDMA Slot Capacity - This is a threshold value.
Load Switching Load Switching Process Each time the hub receives an STDMA ACK, it computes the average load for that remote. (See Appendix A for a discussion of how the average is computed.) This average is then compared to the bandwidth currently allocated to the remote. For example, if a remote gets a 50 ms slot in an upstream that is running at 512000 bps then it can transmit 0.050 * 512000 = 25600 bits = 3200 bytes. If the Queued Bytes was 3000, then for that cycle, the remote was at 3000/3200 = 93.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Table B-3 Figure B-2 Autoswitching menu for a remote • Auto Switching - Same as Hub • Load Switching - Same as Hub • SCPC Step Up Threshold - Same as STDMA Slot Capacity at hub. • SCPC Step Down Threshold - Similar to STDMA Slot Capacity at hub except Step Down is used to trigger a switch if the average load falls below this value • SCPC Step Delay - Same as STDMA Switch Delay at hub • SCPC Stepup Excess - Same as Percent Allocation at hub.
Load Switch Example Load Switch Example An automatic load switching example, illustrated in the schematic diagram in figure B-3, illustrates how a network can respond to changes in traffic volume or load conditions. The network’s capability and method of response to load changes is determined by the setting and capability of each of the components in the system such as the transmitter power output, the antenna capabilities for each of the sites in the network, and the policies set in VMS.
Load Switch Example 3. The STDMA Hub Controller compares the remote CDM-570/570L’s preselected buffer limits with its buffer status and if the buffer status exceeds the preselected limits the STDMA Hub Controller increases the time-slot allocated to that channel. If this brings the buffer status within established limits no further changes are made. 4. If the buffer status continues to exceed the preselected limits, the STDMA Controller sends an Automatic Switch Request (ASR) to the VMS. 5.
Load Switch Example Reduced data flow in switched mode (SCPC) In the event the data flow is reduced, for example a streaming file transfer terminates, the SCPC switched demodulator detects the reduced flow and notifies the VMS. Then, after a period of time determined by policies set for the network, the VMS will send a switch command to reduce the size of the carrier bandwidth. This entire process is automatic following the policies established for the network.
A p p l i c a t i o n s w i t c h in g Application switching Application switching, diagramed in figure B-4, also is capable of changing bandwidth used, but the change is determined entirely by the type of application being requested ignoring load requirements. Table B-5 Table B-6 Figure B-4 Application switching diagram In a system configured for application switching, the remote site modem/router looks for a packet in the data stream coming from the LAN that is configured using the H.
Application switching Each application type will have been assigned a bandwidth allocation when the policy for the remote site is established. The voice application, for example, might have had the bandwidth set in the policy to handle three simultaneous voice connections. When a VoIP protocol is detected in the H.225 signaling protocol, the modem/router requests the VMS to switch the bandwidth to accommodate three voice circuits. The same process applies if the protocol detected is Video.
T y p e o f S e r v i c e ( T o S ) S w i t c h in g Type of Service (ToS) Switching Type of Service (ToS) switching is used on circuits carrying encrypted traffic where the packets cannot be examined to determine the type of traffic being carried. Normally, in a non-encrypted Vipersat network, packets are classified by the remote CDM-570/570L using protocol classification detection and the results are forwarded to VMS via Automatic Switch Request (ASR) messages.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching STDMA entry channel mode provides a method for remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network initially or after a power or other site outage. The switch time will be variable based on the burst rate (bps) of the STDMA group, the number of remotes with slots in the group, and where in the burst cycle the remote is when it acknowledges receipt of the burst map.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e ( E C M ) S w i t c h in g 1. If the outage was the result of power outage at the site, the remote CDM570(L) will reboot in its home state (STDMA), acknowledge the receipt of the first burst map causing it to rejoin the network through ECM. The VMS will park the demodulator previously in use and free the bandwidth slot. 2.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Table B-8 ECM Switch Recovery> 3min. VMS State Connected Burst Demod Switched Demod Remote 0 0 Unit Reboot Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E State Disconnected 180 Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189.05 Revert Acknowledgment Failure 192 Switch Command ECM 240.28 Failure Failure 180.28 No Communications 189.35 No Communications > 240 Home State- STDMA TX Grant Burst ACK 240.
APPENDIX DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby VIPERSAT satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality (as measured by the demodulator Eb/No). This optimization process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order to: • Achieve a minimum level of received Eb/No consistent with providing an error free link.
Eb/No values as the input function and the modulator’s transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm since the receive chain has its own automatic gain control. DPC can be applied to any or all of the modems with the exception of the STDMA burst control demodulators. Since the STDMA burst demodulators are SCPC fast acquisitions receivers they cannot provide stable signal quality measurements (Eb/No).
Table C-1 Dynamic Power Control Parameters Parameter Target Range Speed Up Eb/No Default Significance 0.2 dB Target range for no power adjustment; No adjustment occurs when power is within this range 5 dB DPC and PLDM process speeded up from default (1/min) if Eb/No is below this amount The start point for all enabled modulators is the Nominal Power Level.
Power Level DPC Scaling Function Max Ratio Nominal Ratio Max Power (Saturation) Calibrated Nominal Power Level Current (Scaled) Max Power Current Data Rate Calibrated Data Rate Data Rate Figure C-1 DPC Scaling Function Figure C-1 illustrates the scaling function, based on the ratio of power level to data rate, of the DPC system. Once this ratio is mapped out for the system, the DPC scaling function will automatically determine the appropriate power level for any given data rate.
able to function and will disable itself, resulting in an error message that is displayed in the CLI. Under most circumstances, the system will be running at the Calibrated Data Rate, at the Calibrated Nominal Power level. When the VMS sends a switch command to the CDM, the modem will go to a different data rate, and will calculate a nominal power level for the transmitter.
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APPENDIX NETWORK MIGRATION Upgrading CDM-570/CDD-564 Series Modems to Firmware Version 1.5.3 General This document covers the migration of networks with CDM-570 and CDD-564 series modems to Firmware version 1.5.3 from any earlier versions of code. It addresses the issues customers will face when migrating their networks and provides a step-by-step plan to facilitate the process.
General Since there is no way to guarantee all Remote sites will be online during the initial upgrade to v1.5.3, Vipersat is providing this migration procedure and utility to facilitate picking up new or offline units. This migration tool includes non-saved control parameters at Hub units only that allow the operator to select compatibility mode with v1.5.2 (or earlier) firmware.
Firmware Upgrade Firmware Upgrade Upgrade Overview This procedure describes the firmware upgrade process using both the Vipersat Vload Utility and a Telnet connection. For detailed information on using Vload, refer to the Vload Utility User Guide. Caution: This firmware installation procedure requires the modem to be rebooted which, in turn, will cause a satellite circuit to drop momentarily. Firmware installation should be done when it will not cause disruption of a live circuit carrying customer traffic.
Firmware Upgrade 6) "Get Information" and load v1.5.1 base modem code to "Oldest" and reset all the modems to "Latest". 7) Load v1.5.1 modem code to "Oldest" (replacing the older image in the other location). 8) Load v1.5.3 router firmware to the "Oldest" Bulk Image. Figure D-1 Firmware Migration Stages Migration Procedure Getting Information with VLOAD The first step in getting information is to discover the units in the network. Do this by performing an "Add All" as shown in the figures below.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-2 Initial Vload screen Figure D-3 Add All dialog Note that the Receive Multicast Address is the same as the Transmit Multicast Address for the VMS. This IP address can be found under the VMS ViperView tree view “Vipersat Manager”.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-4 Get Information for IP Address It is very important to get information after each step. VLOAD needs to be aware of the current configuration of the modems when making decisions about "Oldest" and "Latest". Upgrade Router to v1.5.3 This step will upgrade the Bulk Image location 1 of the Router Card to version 1.5.3 firmware. The Vload Utility provides 3 methods of loading code: 1) Consecutive - Vload will download each IP address consecutively.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-5 Put Application screen (Consecutive Load) Save and Reboot to Latest Using either VMS or CLI, Save each unit to flash and reboot with Hard Reset to Latest. Figure D-6 Hard Reset screen Note that all other parameters are set to defaults and do not require any changes.
Firmware Upgrade Get Information for Router v1.5.3 Figure D-7 Unit Information screen (Router) The new unit information will show that Image 1 Version=1.5.3 and that the Application Version=1.5.3. The application CurrentBoot should = the image slot location of 1.5.3, and NextBoot=Latest and Save=Oldest. The next part of this step is very important. Prior to version 1.5.3 code, the configuration files did not include all modem parameters or any Out Door Unit (ODU) parameters.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-9 Configuration File Text If this text is not displayed, Save to flash again, get the configuration and check for them in the configuration file once more. Note that the contents of the text lines will differ based on the actual configuration and modem type. Upgrade Base Modem to v1.5.1 The Base Modem upgrades have to be done in 2 steps. This is necessary because the memory map changed with the v1.4.x firmware and v1.3.3 is not capable of writing directly to v1.5.x firmware.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-11 Download v1.4.5 and Hard Reset screen When the file transfer is completed, Hard Reset the Modem(s). Upgrade Image 1 on Base Modem to v1.5.1 Get Unit Information to show that v1.4.5 modem code is loaded in Image 1 and that the Base Modem Current Image = Image 1. Which image this is will depend on which image was running in the modem; it will automatically select the offline image to upgrade. Figure D-12 Unit Information screen (Base Modem Image 1) Browse for the v1.5.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-13 Download v1.5.1 and Hard Reset screen Download Base Modem v1.5.1 to Image 2 Get Unit Information to show that the current Base Modem image is Image 2, which is v1.5.1 firmware. Figure D-14 Unit Information screen (Base Modem Image 2) Repeat the Download procedure for the Base Modem v1.5.1 firmware file, but do not perform a Hard Reset; it is not necessary to reboot the modem again. This will insure that the v1.5.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-15 Unit Information screen (Base Modem v1.5.1) Download Router v1.5.3 to Image 2 Download the v1.5.3 firmware file to the Router Image 2. This insures that the latest firmware code is loaded in all images. Get Unit Information one last time and Save the file when prompted. This file can be used to maintain a record of unlock codes and sent to Comtech Vipersat if additional features are required. The final "get Information" should look like the one displayed below.
Firmware Upgrade the v1.5.3 firmware will lose communications during this time, so a planned maintenance outage is necessary. It is only necessary to download 1 image of the Router to v1.5.3 and reset the Remotes in order for them to rejoin the network, unless the associated Burst Controller is running BFAT. If that is the case, it is suggested that BFAT be disabled, and that the STDMA Preamble be increased. This will allow restoration of communications to all Remotes, with reduced performance.
Firmware Upgrade Figure D-18 Vipersat Configuration screen The Vipersat Migration Parameter "M" is available only on Hub non-expansion units. Figure D-19 Vipersat Migration prompt Select O to set the old framing mode to v1.5.2 or earlier. This parameter must be set in both outbound and inbound units to properly transmit/receive to/from Remote units.
Firmware Upgrade The straggler Remotes will now frame on the TDM outbound signal. The associated Burst Controller(s) will frame on the inbound signals from these Remotes ONLY. Download the v1.5.3 Router firmware and Reset the straggler Remotes. Return the network to N (1.5.3) compatibility.
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APPENDIX GLOSSARY A ALC Automatic Limit Control is a closed loop mechanism controlling the gain stabilization of the HPA’s RF output power. APL Asynchronous Party Line – A VIPERSAT term for RS-485 multi-drop bus used for control of indoor equipment. See also SPL. ARP Address Resolution Protocol – A protocol for a LAN device to determine the MAC address of a locally connected device given its IP address. See also MAC.
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/- 180 degrees. See also QPSK C C-Band A frequency band commonly used for satellite communications (and sometimes terrestrial microwave). For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is 3.7-4.2GHz and transmit 5.925-6.425GHz. See also Ku-band.
E Eb/No Eb/No Ratio Eb = energy per bit No = noise power density per Hz. The bit error rate (BER) for digital data is a decreasing function of this ratio. Eb is the energy of an information bit. Eb is measured in Joules, or equivalently in Watts per Hertz. EEPROM Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. This equipment component is used to record and store data that needs to be retained when the equipment is powered down.
Group ID GUI A number assigned to equipment which defines it as a member of a group when addressed by the burst controller. Graphical User Interface – A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system. H HDLC High Level Data Link Control – A standard defining how data may be transmitted down a synchronous serial link.
K Kb/s Kilo Bits per Second - 1000 bits/second. A measure of transmission speed. See also bps & Mb/s. Ku-Band A frequency band used for satellite communications. For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is in the range 10.95 – 12.75GHz and transmit 14.0 – 14.5GHz. See also C-band. L L-Band A frequency band commonly used as an IF for satellite systems using block up/ down conversion. Usually 950-1450MHz. LAN Local Area Network.
N NAT Network Address Translation - An Internet standard that enables a local-area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal (private) traffic and a second set of addresses for external (public) traffic. NOC Network Operation Center (NOC) has access to any earth station installed using the VIPERSAT Network Control System (VNCS). An NOC can remotely interrogate, control, and log network activities.
R RF Radio Frequency – A generic term for signals at frequencies above those used for baseband or IF. RFC Request For Comment – The de-facto Internet standards issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). RIP Routing Information Protocol RS-232 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115kb/s. RS-485 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for multi-drop serial communications.
T TCP/IP TDMA Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP. Time Division Multiple Access – A multiple access technique where users contend for access to a common channel on a time-shared basis. See also FDMA and STDMA. STDMA This is an acronym for Selective Time Division Multiple Access - A multiple access technique where users time-shared access to a common channel with selective sized time slots allocated on usage.
W Wizard A specialized program which performs a specific function, such as installing an application (installation wizard).
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