SmartSwitch 1800 User Guide For Release 4.
Copyrights and Disclaimers Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The hardware, firmware, and/or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
FCC NOTICE This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference. 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
This symbol and text identifies a cautionary note, the content of which is more critical to heed than an informational note. The following references to keyboard keys appear in the manual and/or on the screen: [N] is a reference to a key on your keyboard (where “N” is the key). Enter means that you should type in the information, then press the [Enter] key. Type is similar to Enter, except that the word “[Enter] ” follows the information to be typed (e.g., “type n [Enter] ”).
vi SmartSwitch 1800 4.
Table of Contents Section I Chapter 1 Getting Started Product Overview Hardware Overview ................................................................................. Models ............................................................................................... User Interfaces ................................................................................... Operator Interfaces ............................................................................ Chapter 2 Getting Started Quick Start.
Chapter 7 Configuring Frame Relay Introduction .............................................................................................. 7-1 DLCI Sharing..................................................................................... 7-1 Frame Relay Backup.......................................................................... 7-2 Required Configuration ..................................................................... 7-5 Configuring Bandwidth Allocation Groups..............................
Configuring LLC2 Hosts........................................................................ LLC2 Host Parameters..................................................................... Configuring LLC2 Interfaces ................................................................. LLC2 Interface Parameters .............................................................. Chapter 10 9-18 9-21 9-26 9-28 Configuring BSC Interactive Introduction .....................................................................
Chapter 14 Configuring IP Routing Introduction ............................................................................................ 14-1 IP Addressing................................................................................... 14-1 Using the Node as an IP Gateway ................................................... 14-2 Required Configuration ................................................................... 14-3 Configuring IP Node Defaults...................................................
Section III Operation Chapter 18 Introduction to System Operation Chapter 19 On-line Operations Remote Control ...................................................................................... 19-1 Remote Control from the SmartSwitch 1800 .................................. 19-2 Remote Control from an Async PAD Port ...................................... 19-3 Transferring Files and Updating Software ............................................. 19-4 Remote File Transfer ............................
Chapter 21 Statistics Displays RLP Statistics......................................................................................... 21-1 Configuring RLP Statistics Thresholds........................................... 21-2 Port Statistics.......................................................................................... 21-3 Configuring Port Statistics Thresholds............................................ 21-4 Frame-level Statistics................................................................
Telephony Interface.................................................................................. C-9 Telephone Interfaces.......................................................................... C-9 PTT/Telco Connectors and Cabling ................................................ C-12 E&M Wiring .................................................................................... C-13 E&M Signaling Types .....................................................................
xiv 7-4 7-5 7-6 7-7 7-8 Frame Relay Port Screen 2 ................................................................. DLCI Configuration Review Screen .................................................. Frame Relay DLCI Configuration Screen 1....................................... Frame Relay DLCI Configuration Screen 2....................................... Frame Relay PVC Configuration .......................................................
13-6 13-7 Front Panel Switches ........................................................................ 13-11 Voice Interface Configuration Menu ................................................ 13-16 14-1 14-2 14-3 14-4 IP Node Defaults Menu ...................................................................... 14-3 IP Interface Record – Frame Relay Example ..................................... 14-5 LAN IP Interface – Secondary Address Configuration...................... 14-6 IP Routing Record ..........
21-5 21-6 21-7 21-8 21-9 21-10 21-11 21-12 21-13 21-14 Frame-level Statistics Display ............................................................ 21-5 Frame Relay Utilization Statistics Display......................................... 21-6 Voice Connection Statistics Display .................................................. 21-7 Voice Connection Statistics Display .................................................. 21-8 Bridge Port Status Display ...........................................................
8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 Logical Port Parameters...................................................................... 8-14 Subscriber Parameters ........................................................................ 8-25 Translation Template Parameters ....................................................... 8-29 X.25 PVC Parameters......................................................................... 8-34 SNA Port Parameters .................................................................
xviii 16-1 16-2 16-3 16-4 16-5 16-6 16-7 16-8 Bridge Node Default Parameters........................................................ 16-4 Bridge Generic Filter Parameters....................................................... 16-8 Bridge MAC Filter Parameters........................................................... 16-8 Bridge SAP Filter Parameters............................................................. 16-9 Bridge Protocol Filter Parameters ......................................................
Section I Getting Started
Chapter 1 Product Overview The SmartSwitch 1800 is a high-performance, multiprotocol branch access device, providing the ability to transmit LAN data, legacy data (e.g., SDLC, bisync, async), voice, and fax over a single frame relay link. A powerful management capability allows allocation of frame relay bandwidth to ensure that each type of traffic receives the necessary quality of service.
Some typical SmartSwitch 1800 applications are: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● SDLC-to-LLC2 and LLC2-to-QLLC conversion over frame relay SNA and TCP/IP LAN/WAN integration—with or without routers Banking applications—LAN, SNA, TCP/IP, async Traffic aggregation and concentration to public frame relay services "Front end" network to larger frame relay switches X.
Hardware Overview Models The SmartSwitch 1800 is available in several models, some of which support Voice and data transmission, and some of which are data-only. Table 1-1 lists the models that support Voice. At the time this User Guide went to press, model numbers had not been created for the data-only models.
User Interfaces A SmartSwitch 1800 contains four serial ports in the Voice/Data models and up to eight in the data-only models. Each serial port supports any of the protocols that are installed (see Table 1-1), with the exception of Voice, which is supported on two Voice ports (and can be transported over any serial port configured for frame relay). Each device also includes one LAN port—Ethernet or Token Ring, depending on the model.
Chapter 2 Getting Started The SmartSwitch 1800 Installation & Setup Guide (shipped with each unit) describes the procedure for connecting to the SmartSwitch from a local or remote keyboard and video device. Once this has been done, the SmartSwitch must be customized for the devices to which it will connect, the traffic it will receive and transmit, and various operating parameters that can be set to your specific needs.
Port Assignment Worksheet The port options on Voice models of SmartSwitch 1800 differ from those on data-only models. Information on both is provided here, along with worksheets that allow you to fill in pertinent information that you will use to configure the software database. Naturally, you should fill in only the table that applies to your model type.
Ports 4–7 are on an optional expansion card WAN 4 LAN Port Optional CSU/DSU Port WAN 5 WAN 0 WAN 1 WAN 6 WAN 2 WAN 7 WAN 3 Console Port Figure 2-2 Physical Port Locations on Data-Only Models Table 2-2 lists all possible physical ports on data-only models of SmartSwitch 1800. Table 2-2 Port Interface 1 0 RS-232 Port Assignments for Data-Only Models Protocol 2 Connected Device 1 2 3 43 53 63 73 LAN 1 2 3 Getting Started n/a Physical interface, as described below. Port 0 is RS-232.
Loggin into the Main Menu Configuration (see Section II) and management (see Section III) operations are accessed via a menu structure, using a keyboard and video device. Once the SmartSwitch has been configured and is operational, it does not need a keyboard and video device; however, they are necessary to get the unit up and running. When running outside the menu operations, a display will be similar to the following figure, and will show the current status of all ports on the node.
N ode Name=node_xyzl V ersion "n.n.n" MAIN ME NU A Configuration B Op erations C Status Disp lays D Even ts E Statistics F Reports Option: Figure 2-4 Main Menu This is the starting point for all menu operations. The organization of the menus is shown in Appendix F. Reviewing Boot Messages As a SmartSwitch 1800 boots, screen information (assuming there is a screen) verifies configuration file format and displays any errors.
Moving Through the Menus To select a menu item, press the letter to the left of the item. To return to the next higher menu from a lower-level, press [F3]. To move from operations under one Main Menu entry to operations under another entry, you must return to the Main Menu. The easiest way is to press [F3] repeatedly until the Main Menu is displayed.
F4: Exit menu or Delete Record or Clear Max Stats: Exit Menu—appears at the Main Menu, and exits to the Port Status display (Figure 2-3). To return to the menu, you must enter the node's password. (This feature is for security, to protect menu-level operations from unauthorized access.) Delete Record —initiates the deletion of the displayed record. A record for this port number, containing all the default values, will remain in the database.
ESC: Quit —abandons the changes you have made since the last save (via [F3] or [F7]) and returns you to the previous menu. Character: Select Option or Change Field: Select Option —appears if an option has not yet been selected. Change Field —Press the letter corresponding to the field you want to change, then type in the new information and press [Enter]. PgUp, PgDn —allows you to display multiple screens (one at a time) for a record, if the record has more than one.
Setting the Date and Time Various operations and reports record the current date and time, as recognized by the originating device. This operation allows changing one or both, to assure that all devices in a network are synchronized. Press [B] at the Node Configuration Menu (or [A], [A], [B] from the Main Menu). The date and time as currently recognized by the SmartSwitch will be displayed, and you will be asked: Do you want to change the date? Press [Y] to change the date or [Enter] to leave it as is.
Stopping Operation Logging Out If you have been working within menu operations and wish to log out, press [F4] at the Main Menu. The Port Status Display screen will be displayed, with any updates. The software will continue to run, but only those who know the password will be able to gain access to the menus. You must press [F1] and enter the password to get back into the Main Menu. Rebooting To reboot from within the menu level, press [F10] . When asked: Reboot?, press [Y].
Section II Configuration
Chapter 3 Introduction to Database Configuration Each SmartSwitch 1800 contains its own configuration database, which contains information identifying the hardware components, and defines the operating parameters of the hardware and software. Each database file contains defining parameters for a specific component; for example, physical ports, subscriber IDs, or IP interfaces. Before the SmartSwitch 1800 can properly operate, all necessary database parameters must be configured.
Most parameters can be specified and/or changed using the operations described throughout the configuration portion of this manual; others, such as port number, are defined by the hardware or specified during software installation. Configuration Examples Serial Protocols over Frame Relay via Logical Ports Below is a sample configuration and guidelines for configuring Logical Ports for Annex G or RFC 1490 transmission over frame relay. SDLC Async BSCI X.
Frame Relay PVC Passthrough 3174 Control Unit Running IP & SNA Frame Relay PVC Figure 3-2 SS1800 Frame Relay PVC Frame Relay Switch or DCE FRAD Configuration Example 2 Make sure the following are configured in each SmartSwitch 1800: ● ● ● Protocols (Chapter 5), to load the frame relay protocol. Physical frame relay port (Chapter 6 and Chapter 7). Configure the SmartSwitch 1800 port to the 3174 as logical DCE, and the port to the frame relay switch as logical DTE.
● ● ● ● Originated LLC2 Host (Chapter 9), which maps connectivity at the LLC level between the SmartSwitch 1800 and the AS/400. (The SmartSwitch 1800 initiates LLC sessions with the host.) For this example, assume the host number is 0. (It can be 0–128, but identification can be easier if the host on the LAN side has the same number as the LAN interface number, which is always 0.) Terminated LLC2 Host (Chapter 9), whose address must match the frame relay interface to which the 5494 device will transmit.
◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ● SAP address in a frame received from the local LAN.) Host SAP – 04 . (SAP addresses can be 04–fe, hex, in multiples of four.) Local Subscriber – 990* . This is the Remote Subscriber ID of Host 2. Remote Subscriber – 1010* . This is the Local Subscriber ID of Host 2. Type – LLC2. LLC2 Host 2: ◆ Host MAC Address – 4000000000470. This is the AS/400 targeted address (and is the same as the Host MAC Address configured on Host 0). ◆ Session Type – Terminated.
For reference, the following table describes what happens to a MAC address at the SmartSwitch 1800 if the sending and receiving formats are different. Table 3-1 MAC Address Conversion Received from: Forwarded to: Action taken: 802.3 802.5 Converts MAC header to LAN header (including cached RIF), and bit-swaps address 802.3 Native LLC2 Drops MAC header 802.5 802.3 Coverts LAN header to MAC header, and bit-swaps address 802.5 Native LLC2 Drops LAN header Native LLC2 802.
RFC1490 Format An RFC1490 format used for SNA traffic is configured in the frame relay LLC2 Interface/Bridge Port record. The options, in order of lowest overhead to highest overhead, are: ● ● ● Native LLC2 (also known as BNN, or Boundary Network Node). When this format is used, no MAC addresses are transmitted across the frame relay link. 802.5 SRB (source route bridge) (also known as BAN, or Boundary Access Node. (SmartSwitch 1800 devices support BAN type 1).
● ● ● ● ● Physical frame relay port (Chapter 6 and Chapter 7). Physical SNA port (Chapter 6 and Chapter 9). The link station SDLC/LLC2 conversion point is also defined in this record, under SNA PU Parameters. (These parameters act as both LLC2 Originated Host and Originated Interface records.) Terminated LLC2 Host (Chapter 9), which points to the frame relay interface. Note that the remote SmartSwitch 1800 must have an Originated LLC2 Host.
RFC1490 Format An RFC1490 format used for SNA traffic is configured in the frame relay LLC2 Interface/Bridge Port record. The options, in order of lowest overhead to highest overhead, are: ● ● ● Native LLC2 (also known as BNN, or Boundary Network Node). When this format is used, no MAC addresses are transmitted across the frame relay link. 802.5 SRB (source route bridge) (also known as BAN, or Boundary Access Node. (SmartSwitch 1800 devices support BAN type 1).
Where to Find Configuration Information The following shows where to find the configuration files among the menus. (The first item, A–Configuration, is an entry on the Main Menu.) Following some items are the chapters/appendices in this manual where the items below those entries are described. A Configuration A Configure Node A Configure Password – (Chapter 2) allows changing the default login password.
On-Line Update IPX Filter Definitions and Applications – (Chapter 15) allows updating the SmartSwitch with any changes without rebooting. F Review Bridge Filter Definitions – (Chapter 16) displays any Bridge filters (see next item) that have been configured on the SmartSwitch. G Configure Bridge Filter Definitions – (Chapter 16) specifies parameters for regulation of bridge traffic by filtering MAC addresses, NetBIOS names, SAP updates, etc.
E Configure IP/LLC2/BRIDGE/IPX Interfaces A Review IP Interfaces – (Chapter 14) displays information on any IP interfaces (see below) configured in the SmartSwitch. Configure IP Interfaces – (Chapter 14) specifies addressing and operating parameters for IP interfaces (X.25, frame relay, or LAN). C Review Bridge Ports / LLC2 Interfaces – (Chapter 9, Chapter 16) displays information on any bridge or LLC2 interfaces (see below) configured in the SmartSwitch 1800.
F Configure Voice Application– (Chapter 13) defines operating parameters for the two Voice ports.
Chapter 4 Configuring Node Defaults Node Defaults are a set of parameters that identify a SmartSwitch 1800 for purposes of remote control, software updates, file transfers, and/or alarm reporting to or from other Cabletron frame relay access devices (SmartSwitch 1800, 9W004, FRX4000, FRX6000), and define connections between the SmartSwitch 1800 and a NetView manager device. Press [C] at the Node Configuration Menu to display a screen similar to Figure 4-1.
Although the entries for the various passwords appear blank, default values exist; if you change one, be sure you do not duplicate an existing password. If there is a error in the configuration for alarm reporting, a message will be displayed at the top or bottom of the screen. The possible messages are: Primary Alarm Reporting Error – will appear if the software that drives the alarm output device is unable to output to the device.
Node Defaults Parameters The parameters on the first two Node Defaults screens are listed in Table 4-1, and the NetView parameters on the third screen are listed in Table 4-2 (on page 4-6). Descriptions of most parameters follow each table.
Make sure that each Cabletron frame relay access device on the same network is assigned a different Remote Control ID. Remote Control Pwd is a password used in conjunction with the Remote Control ID , and will be checked against the user data field of a Call Request packet. Both the Remote Control ID and the password must match what is expected, or the SmartSwitch will not accept a request for remote control. File Transfer ID is used for file transfers (see page 19-4) to or from this SmartSwitch.
Secondary Alarm Output ID is used for a collecting node to send alarms to a second location other than that specified by the Primary Alarm Output ID. This parameter has no function on non-collecting nodes. Secondary Alarm Output Pwd is a password that will be used if the Secondary Alarm Output ID is an address that is also associated with a password. If so, both passwords must match.
Alarm Autocall Timer specifies the frequency with which the SmartSwitch will attempt to establish an alarm connection with its Primary Alarm Output ID during initial call setup or after the previous alarm connection is cleared. Alarm Max Retries is the number of times the SmartSwitch will attempt to establish an alarm connection with its Primary Alarm Output ID during initial call setup or after the previous alarm connection is cleared.
Session Type = Terminated and the same Local Subscriber ID and Remote Subscriber ID as specified here in the NetView parameters. Remote Subscriber ID is a subscriber address for the remote end of an LLC2 session established for a NetView connection.
An Information or Supervisory LPDU with an N(R ) greater than the last N(R ) received and less than or equal to the line station's V(S ), provided a Command LPDU with P bit set to B'1' is not outstanding. If additional LPDUs are set from the remote link station after the local station has reset T1, the timer will be restarted if acknowledgments of or responses to those LPDUs are outstanding. If no acknowledgments/responses are outstanding, the link station will start the inactivity timer. (See "Ti" later.
Priority prioritizes NetView traffic among all intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting an SmartSwitch.) Priorities are configured on all logical interfaces that use a physical frame relay port. The device processor in the node uses these priorities to help determine the order in which it will process protocols.
Chapter 5 Loading Protocols Although a SmartSwitch 1800 is shipped with a set of protocols already installed, a file must be configured to properly load them into the software. To access Protocol configuration, press [A], then [B] from the Main Menu. Then: ● To display a list of configured and loaded protocols, press [A]. A newly added protocol is displayed as Configured until the node is rebooted, at which time the protocol will be displayed as Loaded . X.25 is always loaded, and will not be displayed.
To add, change, or remove (unload) a protocol (a removed protocol will remain available for re-loading), press the letter corresponding to the protocol number. The Configured column will display the next available protocol among those in the model of SmartSwitch 1800 that was purchased. All possible protocols are listed in Table 5-1. To display a list of all protocols purchased with the SmartSwitch 1800, press [A], then [A], then [G] from the Main Menu.
Chapter 6 Configuring Physical Ports SmartSwitch 1800 ports provide access connections to devices, and routing connections to networks. Each port must be configured in the software to specify the operating parameters of the hardware and the protocol that will run on the port. The SmartSwitch 1800 supports physical ports, as well as logical X.25 ports, which run on a physical frame relay port. Configuration of logical ports is described in Chapter 8.
Ports 4–7 are on an optional expansion card WAN 4 LAN Port Optional CSU/DSU Port WAN 5 WAN 0 Figure 6-2 WAN 1 WAN 6 WAN 7 WAN 2 WAN 3 Console Port Physical Ports on Data-Only Models The physical interfaces on data-only models of SmartSwitch 1800 are as follows: ● ● ● ● ● 6-2 The CSU/DSU port is RJ48C. The LAN port, provided in two interface types, depends on the model: ◆ Ethernet – RJ48 (UTP, 10BaseT) and DB15F (AUI, 10Base5). ◆ Token Ring – RJ45 (UTP) and DB9F (STP).
Configuring a Serial or Voice Port Before configuring a physical port, make sure that the following have been properly configured: ● ● Node parameters. See Chapter 4. This is general configuration that must be done no matter which protocols will be run in the node. Protocol(s) that will be transmitted over the physical port and any logical ports on the physical port. See Chapter 5.
On a Port Parameters screen, I/O is always UNIVERSAL for ports 0–3. Link be one of these: Link_disable The link was shut down by an on-line command, is undergoing re-IPL, or has not yet been established. Some or all modem controls are missing. (This state is passed Failed through while a port is becoming enabled.) Link_down The link was up, but has gone down. Disconnect Level 2 cannot be established. The necessary level 1 modem signals are present, and the Linkup level 2 link is up.
Configuring a LAN Port Each SmartSwitch 1800 contains an Ethernet or Token Ring (depending on the model) port. To configure the port, press [B] at the Port Configuration Menu. Node N ame=nod exyz LAN Card Con figu ration * I nterface Nu mber: 0 * Typ e B Locally Admin MAC Add r C R in g Sp eed Token R in g 400000000001 16 MBits /s ec Option: Figure 6-4 LAN Card Configuration Record [A],[C],[B] from Main Menu Item C (Ring Speed ) will not be displayed if Type is Ethernet .
Chapter 7 FRM Configuring Frame Relay Introduction Frame relay ports in the SmartSwitch 1800 are used to carry frame relay traffic, as well as other protocols encapsulated in frame relay (per RFC 1490, via logical X.25 ports over frame relay). A frame relay port can act as physical DCE, connecting to end-user devices, or DTE, connecting to a network or frame relay PVC. Frame relay support includes: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● RFC 1490 for HDLC, LLC2, IP, IPX over frame relay Line speeds up to 2.
Frame Relay Backup Frame relay virtual-circuit backup in the SmartSwitch 1800 provides frame relay DLCIs with automatic backup protection in the event of LMI loss or port failure. (A DLCI is considered down/inactive if level 1 is down. If LMI is used, the DLCI is also considered inactive if not reported as active in a Full Status Message from the DCE.) A physical frame relay port can be dedicated to providing backup DLCIs, or backups can co-exist with "regular" DLCIs on a port.
2,16 Example 1 0,0,18 Node 1 0,17 Port,DLCI 0,4,17 RLP,Port,DLCI 0,0,18 2,16 Example 2 Example 3 Node 1 0,17 Node 2 Node 2 Other Device 2,16 0,0,18 0,17 0,4,17 Node 1 Node 2 1,3,22 1,4,56 Other Device Figure 7-1 Frame Relay Backup Examples Although each example shows a connection between a SmartSwitch 1800 and an FRX6000, connections can be between any two devices in the family of SmartSwitch 1800, Frame Relay Module (FRM), FRX4000, and FRX6000.
2. Port Configuration ([A], [C], [A] from Main Menu) for the backup: RLP: 0 RLP Port: 0 F Logical DCE: N (One end of the backup must be logical DTE, and the other DCE. Configuring the central site as logical DCE allows the line monitor at that end to track incoming status enquiries from the DTE end.
Example 2 In Example 2, the primary link is between Node 1/Port 2/DLCI 16 and Node 2/RLP 0/Port 0/DLCI 18. The DLCIs should be configured as described for Example 1 (with the exception, naturally, of Node 2/RLP 0/Port 4/DLCI 17), with one difference— when configuring Backup Group 10 (see step 3 under example 1), set ProtEnab to N. Then if the primary link goes down, a connection will automatically be established between Node 1/Port 0/DLCI 17 and the "Other Device.
Configuring Bandwidth Allocation Groups To optimize frame relay bandwidth use, various types of interfaces can be assigned to one of sixteen bandwidth allocation groups, each defined by the parameters listed in Table 7-1 (on page 7-7). Bandwidth allocation groups can ensure that response timesensitive traffic gets access to the available frame relay bandwidth.
: Nod e Name=node_xyz Bandw id th A llocation Group (screen 1 of 4) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Dynamic Optimization Group 1 Percentage Group 1 Excess Priority Group 1 Use Excess Burst Group 2 Percentage Group 2 Excess Priority Group 2 Use Excess Burst Group 3 Percentage Group 3 Excess Priority Group 3 Use Excess Burst Group 4 Percentage Group 4 Excess Priority Group 4 Use Excess Burst Page 2 N 0 1 Y 0 1 Y 0 1 Y 0 1 Y Option: Figure 7-2 Bandwidth Allocation Group Menu [A],[A],[H] from Main Menu Press
will be allocated 60/130 (46%) of the available bandwidth, and Group 2 will be allocated 70/130 (54%). Group "n" Excess Priority determines the order in which groups are given their allocations of bandwidth; the higher the number, the higher the priority. Group "n" Use Excess Burst will (if Y) allow traffic that falls into the Excess Burst Size to be transmitted. Any packets exceeding B E will be buffered in the SmartSwitch.
Configuring Frame Relay Ports Once the necessary Node (Chapter 4) and RLP (Chapter 5) parameters have been configured, press [A] at the Port Configuration Menu (or [A], [C], [A] from the Main Menu. When prompted, enter a port number (or press [Enter] to accept the default of 0). Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1.
N ode Name=node_xyz Frame Relay Port Parameters (screen 2 of 2) * Port: 0 Link State: * I/O: UNI VERS AL D atabase A Enab le Outgoing Rate C ontrol Y B Enab le Ban dwidth A llocation Y C Review DLC I Configuration D Con figu re D LCI Parameters E View Learned DLCI s F For Back up Us e On ly N G Au tomatic D CE N Link up S ystem Memory Y Y N N Op tion : Figure 7-4 Frame Relay Port Screen 2 Reviewing DLCI Configuration (Figure 7-4, Item C) To display the current configured DLCIs on the port, press [C] at
The first line of parameters applies to all DLCIs on the port (or in the node if [F2] is pressed). The second line exists only for DLCIs configured as primary DLCIs in backup configurations. In the example in Figure 7-5, DLCI 50 is a primary. All the parameters are listed in Table 7-4 (on page 7-15).
Configuring DLCI Parameters (Figure 7-4, Item D) To configure DLCI parameters (listed in Table 7-4), press [D] at Figure 7-4 and, when prompted, enter a DLCI ID: 16–991. (The default is 16.) This will display a screen similar to Figure 7-6.
Node N ame=nod e_xyz Frame R elay D LCI Con figu ration (screen 2 of 2) * R LP 0 * Port 7 * D LCI 16 A Backu p Group Nu mber B En able Back up Protocol 0 N Op tion : Figure 7-7 Frame Relay DLCI Configuration Screen 2 If you configure a Backup Group Number, Enable Backup Protocol will be replaced by several parameters (listed in Table 7-4 on page 7-15) that determine backup operation. If you change Enable Backup Protocol to Y, the Backup Group Number entry will disappear.
Frame Relay Port Parameters Table 7-3 Frame Relay Port Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Port Type Fram e Relay not valid here Physical Port Interface see explanation see explanation Blocked Port Flag Y/N 1 N Line Speed (bits per sec) see explanation 9600 Maximum Bytes per Frame 16–4096 1600 Logical DCE Y/N 3 Y Y/N Y Y/N N CSU/DSU Operating Mode 6 Normal/LDM Norm al RTS Control 6 Constant/External Constant Link Layer Management None, LMI, ANNEXD None N1 Pollin
Table 7-4 Frame Relay DLCI Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Committed Information Rate (In/Out) (Kbits/sec) 0–2000 1 0 Committed Burst Size (In/Out) (kbits) .
Blocked Port Flag will cause the port to be enabled (N) or disabled (Y) at node IPL. The port will remain in that state until this parameter is changed or an on-line enable ([B], [B], [C] from the Main Menu) or disable ([B], [B], [A] from the Main Menu) is performed. If set to Y, no backup DLCIs on this port will be used (even if the port is enabled via on-line port enable). Line Speed is the data transmission rate in bits per second, and the clock speed when the port is a physical DCE (i.e.
Rcv Clock (TT) from DTE allows the clock to be looped back from the DTE using the TT (Terminal Timing) signal, which can be helpful on high-speed lines. Generally, if the local interface is physical DCE and the line speed is above 256 Kbps, this parameter should be set to Y. (Make sure the remote DTE is configured to provide the terminal timing.
Enable Outgoing Rate Control determines whether the rate parameters (CIR, BC , B E) will be enforced. Enable Bandwidth Allocation determines whether bandwidth allocation (described on page 7-6) will be enforced. For Backup Use Only? determines whether all DLCIs on the port will be reserved exclusively as backups for other DLCIs in the same node. See "Configuring Frame Relay Backup Groups" on page 7-22. If this parameter is set to Y, the port will remain disabled until needed for backup.
received (sequentially) without BECN set, the effective outgoing B E will be increased by 1/8 of the configured value. As long as no BECNs are received, the effective burst size will continue to increase until it reaches the full configured value. Any time a BECN is received, however, the effective value will return to the value of the outgoing BC . Outgoing DLCI Priority sets a priority for this DLCI among others over the physical port. Note that 4 is the highest priority.
Time to Hold Data While Waiting is the time the node will queue data while waiting for a backup DLCI to become active. If neither a backup nor the primary has not become active when this timer expires, the data will be discarded. Configuring Frame Relay PVCs Across the Node A SmartSwitch 1800 PVC is a "permanent" connection between two physical ports in the node. This allows communication between the attached devices as soon as they are powered up, without the need to first establish a connection.
Frame Relay PVC Parameters Table 7-5 Frame Relay PVC Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Connection Priority 0–9 0 Traffic Type Data, Voice Data Primary/Secondary Name 0–31 characters none 1 Primary/Secondary DLCI 16–991 Primary/Secondary RLP 16 n/a 0 Primary/Secondary Port Voice models: 0–3 Data-only models: 0–7 0 1 The DLCI must match the DLCI configured at the remote end of the physical link.
Configuring Frame Relay Backup Groups A Frame Relay Backup Group is one or more DLCIs that can act as a backup for one or more "primary" DLCIs. If a node detects a failure in a primary DLCI connection, the software will search the backup group configured for the primary DLCI, and will select the first available DLCI in that group as a backup. The backup will become operational and will remain in that state until the primary becomes active again.
active before the timer expires, the software will search the backup group for the next available backup. ProtEnab enables (if Y) the backup protocol on the specified DLCI. It should be set to Y if (and only if) the remote device is a Cabletron frame relay access device with the backup protocol enabled on the remote DLCI connected to this backup group entry. The remote node must be the same one to which the primary DLCI was connected.
Chapter 8 Configuring X.25 Introduction A SmartSwitch 1800 X.25 port can connect to an X.25 DTE or an X.25 network. This allows the node to transmit X.25 traffic, as well as IP and IPX (encapsulated per RFC 1356), and SNA (per QLLC). X.25 support in the SmartSwitch 1800 includes: ● ● ● ● ● ● Full compliance with CCITT Recommendation X.25 Line speeds up to 2.048 Mbps Full X.121 addressing capability Address translation RFC 1356 for IP over X.
Before configuring a logical X.25 port, make sure these are properly configured: ● ● Protocol(s) (Chapter 5) that will be transmitted over the logical port. Physical frame relay port (Chapter 7) on which the logical port will reside. Configuring a Physical X.25 Port Once the necessary Node (Chapter 4) and Protocol (Chapter 5) parameters have been configured, press [A] at the Port Configuration Menu (or [A], [C], [A] from the Main Menu.
The third screen may be the last you need to configure for this port. At that screen: ● ● ● ● If you want to configure one or more closed user groups, press [N]. (See "Configuring Closed User Groups" below) If this will be one end of a network trunk, press [O]. (See "Configuring a Network Trunk" on page 8-4.) If this port will be connected to a dial modem, press [P]. (See "Configuring a Dial Port" on page 8-5.) If none of the above applies, press [F3] twice to return to X.
Pressing [G] will display a list of all CUGs configured for this port, along with their associated indices. Configuring a Network Trunk A network trunk is a link between SmartSwitch 1800/FRM/FRX nodes, over X.25. Other ports in the node can be assigned to a "trunk group," which will cause those ports to be disabled if the network trunk is not operational (and enabled when the trunk becomes operational).
Configuring a Dial Port If the port will be connected to an auto-dial modem, configure the parameters on the following screen. Nod e Name=n odexyz X .25 Port Parameters (screen 6 of 6) A B C D Dial Sup port Inactivity Timer (minu tes ) Disconnect Timer (sec) Lin e Setup Timer (s ec) Datab ase Dial In 5 5 1 Sys tem Memory Dial In 5 5 1 Option: Figure 8-4 X.25 Dial Port Parameters Physical X.25 Port Parameters The following table lists the port parameters.
Table 8-1 Physical X.
4 If SDLC-LLC2 conversion is configured over the port, Fast Select Acceptance must be Y. Also, if the X.25 link is to an X.25 network, the network must support Fast Select as well as call user data greater than 32 bytes. Port Type specifies the protocol the port will support. Selecting this parameter will display a list of all serial protocols loaded in the device. Physical Port Interface must be configured as follows. For reference, port locations are shown on page 6-1. ● ● ● Port 0 is always RS-232.
Modulo is the number of values used in X.25 level 2 sequenced packets. The actual frame numbering is 0–7 for modulo 8 and 0–127 for modulo 128. Maximum LAPB Window Size is X.25 value K , the maximum number of sequentially numbered I-frames that can be waiting for acknowledgment. If this number is exceeded, no more frames will be transmitted until an acknowledgment is received. A larger value allows faster throughput. N2 Retransmit Count is X.
CSU/DSU Operating Mode determines whether the attached modem connection can be normal or limited distance (LDM), where the distance depends on the wire gauge, number of splice points, and line speed. For example, 26 gauge wire and a line speed of 64K bps allows a distance of 15000 feet. Lowering the speed to 56K increases the allowable distance to 18400 feet. If 19 gauge wire is used, the distances can be multiplied by three.
Incoming Calls Barred is an X.25 facility that prevents transmission of incoming calls to this port. Outgoing Calls Barred is an X.25 facility that prevents transmission of outgoing calls from this port. Mask Link Alarms prevents (if enabled) transmission to the collecting node of the link alarms 400-406 ( Link Enabled, Link Disabled, etc.) Maximum Packet Size is the maximum data packet size that will be allowed to pass through this port.
T23 Clear Timer will be started when the port issues a Clear Request, and stopped (and reset) when a Clear Confirmation or Clear Indication is received. If the timer expires, the port will retransmit the Clear Request. DTE Restart Retry Count is the number of times a Restart Request from the logical DTE will be transmitted. (The DTE will stop issuing the request on receipt of a Restart Confirmation or Restart Indication.
expires, the port will be disabled until the next call is placed, if a dial-out port, or the Disconnect Timer expires (see next entry), if a dial-in port. Disconnect Timer is the length of time a dial-in port will remain disabled after expiration of the Inactivity Timer. Line Setup Timer is started when the port enters Linkup state. If the timer expires before there is a response from the other end, the port will enter Failed state. Configuring a Logical X.
After making any changes, be sure to press [F7] to update the system memory. Otherwise, the changes will not take effect until the next re-boot of the SmartSwitch 1800. There are four Logical Port screens. Selecting the entry X.25 Logical Port - Screen "n" at each of the first three screens will display the next screen, and pressing [F3] will display the previous screen. Any menu items preceded by asterisks instead of letters cannot be changed.
Table 8-2 Logical Port Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Packet Size 16–4096 Maximum Window Size 2–7 7 Default Window Size 1–7 2 Maximum Throughput Class see explanation none Default Calling Address 0–15 characters none T20 Restart Timer (sec) 1–600 60 T21 Incoming Call Timer (sec) 1–600 180 T22 Reset Timer(sec) 1–600 60 T23 Clear Tim er (sec) 1–600 60 DTE Restart Retry Count 0–99 0 DTE Reset Retry Count 0–99 0 DTE Clear Retr y Count 0–99 0 Pr eferential CUG Flag
Priority (continued) prioritizes this logical port for intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting a node.) Priorities are configured on all logical interfaces that use a physical frame relay port. The device processor in the node uses these priorities to help determine the order in which it will process protocols. When configuring priorities, be careful to consider the types of traffic being routed on other connections in the node.
T1 Retransmit Period is the length of time before transmission of an I-frame if the previous transmission is not acknowledged. If the period expires, the software will reset the timer and transmit a supervisory frame demanding immediate acknowledgment. Also, the Maximum Retransmissions (see that entry) counter will be incremented. The default value of 3000 ms allows avoidance of unnecessary retransmission of frames that have merely been delayed.
Local Charging Prevention prevents calls (if Y) from being charged to this port. Incoming calls from the network with Reverse Charging specified will be rejected; outgoing calls will have Reverse Charging inserted if it is not already in the call packet. Reverse Charge Acceptance authorizes transmission of incoming calls that request the X.25 Reverse Charging facility. If N is selected for this parameter and a call requests Reverse Charging, the call will not be transmitted.
Valid values (in bits per second) are: 75 4800 150 9600 300 19.2K 600 48K 1200 64K 2400 Default Calling Address will be inserted into an incoming Call Request packet if the packet does not contain a calling address. T20 Restart Timer will be started when the logical DTE issues a Restart Request, and stopped (and reset) when a Restart Confirmation or Restart Indication is received. If the timer expires, the DTE should retransmit the Restart Request.
Closed User Group Parameters The Closed User Group (CUG) function is an X.25 privacy feature that allows creation of up to 100 groups of users per port. Members of a CUG can communicate with other members, but access to and from network users outside that CUG may be denied (determined by Outgoing Access Allowed and Incoming Access Allowed ). The CUG index number is included in call packets, and is cross-referenced with the CUG Index in the SmartSwitch software.
Configuring Subscriber IDs This operation configures the called and calling addresses that will be used in call setup. To complete the connection, the software must recognize where the call is coming from (calling address) and where it is going (called address). To display a list of current Subscriber IDs (addresses), press [A] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu (or [A], [D], [A] from the Main Menu). To add or change a Subscriber ID, press [B] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu.
Subscriber Addressing Subcriber IDs are the called and calling addresses that are placed in call packets. Each Subscriber ID record also defines routing for calls to the subscriber. Each subscriber ID, or address, consists of up to 15 digits, including (if desired) question marks and/ or asterisks used as wildcards. (See "Wildcards in Subscriber Addresses.") Subscribers using a public data network (PDN) must conform to the format used by the PDN. For example, CCITT Recommendation X.
This configuration requires Port and Subscriber ID records in node 1 for: ● ● Subscriber 00100 on RLP 0, Port 1 Subscriber 123* on RLP 1, Port 3 In node 2, RLP, Port, and Subscriber records must be configured for: ● ● ● ● Subscriber 12301 on Subscriber 12302 on Subscriber 12303 on Subscriber 12304 on RLP0, port 0 RLP0, port 1 RLP0, port 2 RLP0, port 3 If subscriber 00100 sends a Call Request with any of called addresses 12301 through 12304, node 1 searches for a match, finds 123* on Port 3, then routes
To illustrate how calls will be distributed among these lines, assume there are no calls on any line. The lines will have the following process variables: Line 0,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 Speed 2400 4800 failed 9600 M/w U 4 2 4 2 1 1 A Call Request will be routed on line 1,2, since it has the lowest U .
Subscriber Parameters Table 8-3 Subscriber Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Subscriber Name 0–31 characters none Routing Algorithm 0–3 0 System atic Redirection Y/N N Redir ect on Busy Y/N N Redir ect on Out of Order Y/N N Connection Priority 0–9 0 1st,2nd,etc. Path Configured Y/N N RLP n/a 0 Port Physical port: 0–7 1, 2 Logical port: 8-63 2 0 Redir ection Address 0,1,etc.
Redirect on Busy will redirect calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the current subscriber has no LCNs available. Redirect on Out of Order will redirects calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the if the current subscriber’s port is out of order. Connection Priority prioritizes this subscriber for intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting a node.
Configuring X.25 Address Translation Templates The X.25 address translation function in the SmartSwitch 1800 provides automatic translation of selected fields within a Call Request packet, according to a previously defined "template." You can change the called address, calling address, user data, and/ or facilities fields of a Call Request packet as it passes into or out of the node.
To resolve any differences in addressing conventions, the backup path invokes a translation of the called and calling addresses. The SmartSwitch 1800-compatible called and calling addresses are translated into PDN-compatible called and calling addresses. Node 2 has a translation template defined to intercept packets with the PDN-compatible calling address for node 1. It translates these into the SmartSwitch 1800-compatible calling address for node 2. (The backup routing is transparent.
The fields must match the equivalent fields in the Call Request packet, but not necessarily literally—they can use wildcards.
The SmartSwitch 1800 routes traffic based on the user data field if the U operator is present in the SVC routing table. The gateway also allows the U operator, and can include user data field operations. Replacing Called/Calling Address or User Data To replace all or part of any of these fields, press [B] or [C] at the Translation Template Maintenance Menu.
If you are replacing called or calling address with original user data, all the replacing characters must be digits. Also, the user data must be specified in the template ID. T= Text (valid for replacement of user data only). Type T followed (with no spaces) by the text that will replace the user data. Replacing Protocol ID Press [E] at the Translation Template Maintenance Menu. When prompted, enter a string of up to four hex bytes.
Testing a Translation Template Press [C] at the X.25 Address Translation Templates Menu ([A], [C], [C], [C] from the Main Menu) to test a translation template you have created. When prompted, enter: ● ● ● ● ● Port. (default is 0.) Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1. Direction : I (incoming) or O (outgoing). (Default is I .) Called address to be translated. Calling address to be translated. Facility length + facility + user data.
Configuring X.25-to-X.25 PVCs A SmartSwitch 1800 PVC is a "permanent" connection between two physical ports in a node. This allows communication between the attached devices as soon as they are powered up, without having to first make a call to establish a connection. X.25 PVC support includes X.25-to-X.25, and async-to-X.25 (described in Chapter 12). To display a list of current PVCs (of all types), press [A] at the PVC Configuration Menu (or [A], [D], [E], [A] from the Main Menu).
X.25 PVC Parameters Table 8-5 X.25 PVC Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Connection Priority 0–9 0 Subscriber Name 0–31 characters none Logical Channel 1–255 Por t 0–7 Packet Size 128–4096 Window Size 1–7 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 4 0 3 128 2 Logical channels must be lower than the lowest LCNs assigned to any subscribers on the ports in the PVC configuration. Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1.
Chapter 9 Configuring SNA Introduction SNA support in the SmartSwitch 1800 includes SDLC for serial lines and LLC2 for LAN connections. SNA ports are used to connect IBM hosts with PUs (physical units), over a frame relay (via RFC1490) or X.25 (via Annex G) network. SDLC-toLLC2 and LLC2-to-SDLC conversion are performed for transmission over frame relay. Devices attached to SmartSwitch 1800 SNA ports can also communicate with any QLLC-compatible devices that have integral X.25 interfaces (e.g.
Each SNA port can be configured to support SNA hosts (PU 2.1, 4.0 HPAD; NPAD) or terminals (PU 1.0, 2.0, 2.1 TPAD). A port can also be configured for a transparent mode (XPAD), which supports HDLC and any of its subset protocols, such as SDLC (IBM), LAPB (ISO), and BSC (bisync). LLC2 (Logical Link Control type 2) support in the SmartSwitch 1800 provides a local or remote connection over frame relay (via RFC1490) or X.
SDLC 1 SS1800 1 SS1800 2 Host PUs Frame Relay or X.25 SS1800 1 SS1800 2 Host 2 PUs 3 SS1800 Router PUs Host Frame Relay PVC SDLC 4 SS1800 FEP HOST PUs Figure 9-1 SDLC/LLC2 Examples Required Configuration To run SNA in a SmartSwich 1800, make sure the following are properly configured: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Configuring SNA Node parameters (Chapter 4). This is general configuration that must be done no matter which protocols will be run in the node.
Configuring an SNA Port Once the necessary Node (Chapter 4) and RLP (Chapter 5) parameters have been configured, press [A] at the Port Configuration Menu (or [A], [C], [A] from the Main Menu. When prompted, enter a port number (or press [Enter] to accept the default of 0). Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1. The display for an existing port will show the configured parameter values, while the display for a new port will show default database values.
After entering a station address, a screen similar to the following will be displayed.
SNA Port Parameters Table 9-1 SNA Port Parameters Parameter Valid Values Port Type SNA (not valid here) 1 Name up to 8 characters Physical Port Interface see explanation see explanation Blocked Port Flag Y/N N Line Speed see explanation none No Data Poll Period (ms) 1–500 40 No Resp Poll Per iod (ms) 40–9999 2000 Maximum Retransmissions 0–99 5 1–128 7 Y/N Y Y/N N SNA Type 0–3 1 NRZ Y/N Y Packet Size 16–4096 (bytes) 1024 Disable Request Disconnect 4 Y/N N LPDA Suppo
Table 9-2 SNA Port PU Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value PU Name up to 10 characters none Local Subscriber ID 0–15 characters none Remote Subscriber ID 0–15 characters none Maxdata (Max I-Frm bytes/frame) 25–4105 265 Autocall Y/N 1 N Autocall Retry Time (sec) 15–255 60 Autocall Retry Count 0–255 0 (indefinite) Istatus Active, Inactive Active LPDA Resource ID 0–255 0 2 LLC2 Connection Y/N N L2DatMode Two-way Alternate, Two-way Simultaneous Two-way Alternate 0
Physical Port Interface must be configured as follows. For reference, port locations are shown on page 6-1. ● ● ● Port 0 is always RS-232 . Port 1 is RS-232 or DSU , depending on whether the optional CSU/DSU card is installed. Ports 2 and 3 are determined by the attached cables: RS-232, V.35, or RS-449. Blocked Port Flag will cause the port to be enabled (N) or disabled (Y) at node IPL.
Maximum Retransmissions is the maximum number of times the port will attempt to send a frame if the PU is not responding. A larger value increases the probability of an eventual correct transfer between DTE and DCE, but a smaller value permits faster detection of a permanent error condition. Outstanding Frames also called level 2 window size, is the maximum number of sequentially numbered frames that can be waiting for acknowledgment.
Disable Request Disconnect prevents (if enabled) the HPAD from sending a Disconnect Request to the host if the HPAD–TPAD connection is broken. LPDA Support specifies the version (if any) of Link Problem Determination Aid that can be used by a host program (e.g., NetView or VTAM) or controller program (e.g., NCP) to test status and to control the line and remote interface. Configurable values are: 0 (None), 1 (Version 1), and 2 (Version 2).
Maxdata must correspond to the PIU size configured on the host (parameter MAXDATA of macro PU in VTAM). For a link between a PU type 4 and a PU type 2, the frame size configured for the TPAD port must be set at the value of MAXDATA in VTAM plus 6 bytes (corresponding to the length of the link header and the link trailer). Autocall causes automatic calling between SNA ports when the controller (identified by Link Address) becomes active. If set to Y on an SNA port, an X.
IDBLK is used in conjunction with IDNUM in generating the Node field in an XID frame (format 0 or 3) to establish a link station connection to the host. A further explanation is provided under " IDNUM ." IDNUM is used in conjuction with IDBLK in generating the Node field in an XID frame (format 0 or 3) to establish a link station connection to the host. If both IDBLK and IDNUM are set to 0, the Node field of the XID will be provided by the attached SDLC device.
Ti is the Inactivity Timer, used by the link station to detect an inoperative condition in either the remote link station or the transmission medium. The timer will be started if T1 has been reset (for one of the reasons listed under "Ti "), and additional LPDUs have been sent by the remote link station, and there are no outstanding acknowledgments or responses from the local link station.
Configuring Subscriber Addresses This operation configures the called and calling addresses that will be used for connecting to an LLC2 host, or in X.25 call setup if SNA is being transported over a logical X.25 port. To complete the connection, the software must recognize where the call is coming from (calling address) and where it is going (called address). To display a list of current Subscriber IDs (addresses), press [A] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu (or [A], [D], [A] from the Main Menu).
Subscriber Parameters Table 9-3 SVC Subscriber Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Subscriber Name 0–31 characters none Routing Algorithm 0–3 0 Systematic Redirection Y/N N Redirect on Busy Y/N N Redirect on Out of Order Y/N N Connection Priority 0–9 0 1st, 2nd,etc. Path Configured Y/N N RLP n/a 0 Port Physical port: 0–3 1 Logical port: 8-63 1 0 valid address none Redirection Address 0,1,etc. 1 The software does not verify that the specified port exists.
Systematic Redirection will redirect (if Y) all calls to the alternate subscribers specified by the Redirection Addresses. Consecutive attempts at call redirection will be made to each alternate subscriber in the list, until the call is completed. Redirect on Busy will redirect calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the primary subscriber device is busy.
● ● ● Configure only one routing path for each TPAD. In Port configuration, disable Autocall for each HPAD and enable it for each TPAD. In Port configuration, configure HPAD1's Local Subscriber ID as the only Remote Subscriber for each TPAD. When the host polls the HPADs, they will become operational. The TPADs will autocall and the HPADs will connect to the TPADs by Round Robin.
N ode Name=n odexyz C onfigure Brid ge/LLC2 Node Defaults A B C D E F G H I J K L Virtu al LAN ID Bridge Enabled Bridge Hello Time Bridge Max Age Bridge Forward Delay Bridge Aging Timer (seconds ) Bridge Priority Max Size Bridge Forwarding Table IP Bridging En abled IPX Bridging Enabled SRB ID Default Eth ernet Frame Type 000 N 2 20 15 300 0 65535 N N 0 Type II Option: Figure 9-5 LLC2 Defaults Configuration Screen [A],[A],[E],[B] from Main Menu Only item A applies to LLC2.
Nod e Name=n odexyz S NA LLC2 Origin ated S es sion C onfiguration (Screen 1 of 2) * A B C D E F G H I J K L M Hos t N umber: 1 Hos t MAC Ad dres s Session Type T1 (100 msec) T2 (ms ec) Ti N3 Tw N2 Priority Bandw id th Allocation Group Routing Su bscrib er I D Source MAC Add ress Mask Conn ections - S creen 2 0C005A 123402 Originated 10 100 30 1 1 8 0 1 1121000000* 40000470 Option: Figure 9-6 LLC2 Originated Host Configuration Screen [A],[A],[E],[D] from Main Menu Pressing [M] will display a screen sim
Node Name=nod exyz SN A LLC 2 Originated Session Con figu ration (Screen 2 of 2) * Host Numb er: 1 A B C D EF G H I Sq HSA P Local Su b Remote S ub TypeIDBLKID NUMMaxDataMaxIn 1 04 112100000011* 6554433222* SDLC 01700001 4105 128 2 04 112100000012* 6554433223* SDLC 01700002 4105 128 3 04 112100000015* 6554433225* LLC2 4 04 112100000016* 6554433226* SDLC 01700003 265 7 5 04 112100000020* 6554433228* LLC2 J D el Option: Figure 9-8 LLC2 Host Connections Screen This example shows a configuration for an Origi
LLC2 Host Parameters Table 9-4 LLC2 Host Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value 1 Host MAC Addr ess valid MAC address Session Type Originated/Terminated 2 Terminated T1 (100 msec) 1–250 10 T2 (msec) 100–5000 3 100 Ti (sec) 1–50 30 N3 1–127 3 Tw 1–127 7 N2 0–255 8 Priority 0–9 0 Bandwidth Allocation Group 1–16 Routing Subscriber ID 400000000001 1 up to 15 digits 4 none 5 Source MAC Address Mask up to 8 hex digits On-Line Temporary Changes Y/N Y 1–16 1 4000
Host MAC Address is the MAC address of the host or workstation to which an SNA/LLC2 device needs to connect. If the host will be attached via an Ethernet interface in the SmartSwitch and the remote device is attached via a Token Ring, or vice versa, this MAC address will be "bitswapped" internally, because of the differences in frame formatting between Ethernet and Token Ring. In this case, the address must be "bit-swapped" again, so the remote device will receive an address in the correct format.
T1 is the Reply Timer, which is used by the local node to detect a failure by the remote station to send a required acknowledgment or response. The local node will start the timer when it transmits one of these: ● ● an Information LPDU (LLC protocol data unit). a Command LPDU with the P bit set to B'1.' (If this LPDU is sent while the timer is already running, the local node will reset and restart it.
If the local node does not receive an LPDU before Ti expires, the node will send an LPDU with the P bit set to B'1' to solicit the remote station's status. Recovery will then proceed as described under "T1" earlier. N3 is the number of Information LPDUs that will be received before the local node sends an acknowledgment. This parameter is used in conjunction with T2 to allow stations to reduce traffic.
Database value will change. If Y, the System Memory value will change. Pressing [F7] after changing either set of values will propagate the change to the other set. (This must be done at each screen, and affects only those parameters on that screen.) Connections Parameters Sq is simply a sequence number to allow selection of a line in the display. HSAP is the service access point (SAP) address used to connect to the host.
Configuring LLC2 Interfaces LLC2 Interfaces records define the types and locations of the interfaces that will carry LLC2 traffic to or from a SmartSwitch 1800. To display configured interfaces, press [C] at the IP/LLC2/BRIDGE.IPX Interfaces Configuration Menu.
Node N ame=nodexyz Bridge Port/LLC-2 I nterface C onfiguration * Brid ge Port/LLC2 Interface Numb er: 0 A B C D E F In terface Type Block ed Port Flag Port Priority Path Cost Priority LAN C ard Ethern et N 128 100 0 0 Op tion : Figure 9-10 Bridge Port/LLC2 Interface Record, Ethernet [A],[C],[E],[D] from Main Menu This example shows an Ethernet configuration. A Token Ring configuration screen is similar. Note that for either type, the entry LAN Car d is irrelevant.
LLC2 Interface Parameters The following table lists parameters for all interface types. Explanations of some parameters follow the table.
Path Cost will be added together with all other path costs on a link between bridges. The total will then be compared to other total path costs to determine the least "expensive" endto-end path. Priority prioritizes intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting a node.) Priorities are configured on all logical interfaces that use a physical frame relay port.
Session Type if Originated, means that LLC2 connections from the configured Host MAC Address can use this interface. If Terminated, connections to the configured address can use this interface. LAN ID identifies the ring number used by a frame relay-compliant source-route bridge at the other end of this PVC. The value is normally assigned by a system administrator. Each LAN ID must be unique within the network on which this node will operate. 9-30 SmartSwitch 1800 4.
Chapter 10 Configuring BSC Interactive Introduction The SmartSwitch 1800 supports ports configured for BSC (binary synchronous communication) Interactive, which connects IBM 3270 hosts to remote CUs (control units) (via HPAD-TPAD communication) over frame relay or X.25.
Configuring BSC Interactive Port Records Once the necessary Node (Chapter 4) and protocol (Chapter 5) parameters have been configured, press [A] at the Port Configuration Menu (or [A], [C], [A] from the Main Menu. When prompted, enter a port number (or press [Enter] to accept the default of 0). Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1.
N ode Name=nodexyz BSC Interactive S ubs criber Information * Port: 1 Link State: Linku p * I/O: UN IVER SAL A Sq 01 02 03 04 05 B Local Sub . 100101000000000 100101000000001 100101000000002 100101000000003 100101000000004 C D Remote Su b.
BSC Interactive Port Parameters Table 10-1 Parameter Valid Values Default Value Port Type BSC-I (not valid here) Physical Port Interface see explanation see explanation Blocked Port Flag Y/N N 1 Line Speed 75 bps – 19.
Table 10-2 BSC Interactive Port Subscriber Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Sq (Sequence) 1–16 none Local Sub 0–15 characters none Remote Sub 0–15 characters none Atcl (Autocall) Y/N (used only on TPAD) 1 N Rtytm (Retry Timer) (sec) 15–255 60 Rty # (Retry Number) 0–255 0 (indefinite) Conn ID 00–ff none 1 If the TPAD is connecting to a logical X.25 port in the SmartSwitch, Atcl must be Y.
Maximum Retransmissions is the maximum number of times the node will attempt to send an I-frame after a Retransmission Period expiration. A larger value for this parameter increases the probability of an eventual successful transmission, but a smaller value permits faster detection of a permanent error condition. Maximum Bytes per Frame is the maximum frame size that will be transmitted on the port.
Poll Interval Timer specifies the time between passes through the polling list. No Response Timer is activated after transmission of a general poll or a data frame. On expiry, a NAK– EOT–General Poll sequence is transmitted, and the No Response Retry Count is incremented. The timer will be de-activated on reception of any valid frame from the line during Link Down .
Configuring Subscriber Addresses This operation configures the called and calling addresses that will be used in call setup. To complete the connection, the software must recognize where the call is coming from (calling address) and where it is going (called address). To display a list of current Subscriber IDs (addresses), press [A] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu (or [A], [D], [A] from the Main Menu). To add or change a Subscriber ID, press [B] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu.
Table 10-3 SVC Subscriber Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Redirect on Busy Y/N N Redirect on Out of Order Y/N N Connection Priority 0–9 0 1st, 2nd,etc. Path Configured Y/N N RLP n/a 0 Port Physical port: 0–3 1 Logical port: 8–63 1 0 Redirection Address 0,1,etc. valid address none 1 The software does not verify that a specified port exists. Make sure all specified ports are configured in the database. Subscriber Name identifies the subscriber to the console operator.
will redirects calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the primary subscriber device is out of order. Connection Priority prioritizes intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting a node.) Priorities are configured on all logical interfaces that use a physical frame relay port. The device processor in the node uses these priorities to help determine the order in which it will process protocols.
BSC In teractive Device Parameters * * * * A B C D E F RLP Port Con trol U nit Device U nit Con nection ID Single Us er Virtu al Circuit Transp arent Text Su pported Printer (N-D is ply,Y -Prntr) Disab le S tatus Resp onse Browse all d evice Parameters 0 0 10 10 00 N Y N 0 - N ormal S tatus Op tion : Figure 10-4 BSC Interactive Devices Screen [A],[C],[F],[B] from Main Menu Pressing [F] displays a list of configured devices. Table 10-4 Control and Device Unit Addressing Ctrl Unit or Device No.
BSC Interactive Device Parameters Explanations of some parameters follow the table. Table 10-5 BSC Interactive Device Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Connection ID 0–255 0 Single User Virtual Cir cuit Y/N N Transparent Text Supported Y/N N Pr inter Y/N N Disable Status Response 0–2 0 (Normal Status) Connection ID is an internal identifier that must match a Connection ID in the BSC Interactive Port record (described earlier in this chapter).
Chapter 11 Configuring BSC Batch Introduction The SmartSwitch 1800 supports ports configured for BSC (binary synchronous communication) Batch, which interconnects IBM 2780/3780 devices over frame relay or X.25. Required Configuration To run BSC Batch in a SmartSwitch 1800, make sure the following are properly configured: ● ● ● ● ● ● Node parameters (Chapter 4). This is general configuration that must be done no matter which protocols will be run in the node.
Configuring BSC Batch Ports Once the necessary Node (Chapter 4) and protocol (Chapter 5) parameters have been configured, press [A] at the Port Configuration Menu (or [A], [C], [A] from the Main Menu. When prompted, enter a port number (or press [Enter] to accept the default of 0). Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1.
Nod e Name=n odexyz BS C Batch Su bscrib er I nformation * Port: 1 * I /O: V.35 A Sq B Local Sub . C Remote Su b.
Table 11-1 BSC Batch Port Parameters (continued) Parameter Valid Values Default Value Delay Timer (sec) 1–10 1 Delay Retry Count 1–255 8 NAK Retry Count 1–255 5 VC to be Cleared After Disc Y/N N Idle Timer (sec) 5–180 10 Sq 1–16 none Local Sub 0–15 characters none Remote Sub 0–15 characters none Subscriber Information 3 Atcl (Autocall) Y/N Rtytm (Retry Timer) (sec) 15–255 60 Rty # (Retry Number) 0–255 0 (indefinite) Del (Delete) see explanation n/a N 75, 150, 300,
The default value of 2000 ms allows avoidance of unnecessary retransmission of frames that have merely been delayed. Maximum Retransmissions is the maximum number of times the node will attempt to send an I-frame after a Retransmission Period expiration. A larger value for this parameter increases the probability of an eventual successful transmission, but a smaller value permits faster detection of a permanent error condition.
Controller Type A= B= Use this if you don't care or are not sure which type to select. 2780 C = 3780 D = 3740 E = 2770 F = 3770 Full Duplex specifies full-duplex transmission (both directions at once). Currently, this must be configured as Y. # of Beginning Sync Chars specifies the number of synchronization characters that will be added to the beginning of each frame.
Subscriber Parameters Sq is a sequence number, which eases selection of a line on the screen to change. To move to another line, press [A] and enter the sequence number. Local Sub is the calling address used by the local device. A Subscriber ID (see page 11-8) must also be configured for this address. Remote Sub is the called address used for calls by the local device. A Subscriber ID (see page 118) must also be configured for this address. If the BSC port is one end of a connection to a logical X.
Configuring Subscriber Addresses This operation configures the called and calling addresses that will be used in call setup. To complete the connection, the software must recognize where the call is coming from (calling address) and where it is going (called address). To display a list of current Subscriber IDs (addresses), press [A] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu (or [A], [D], [A] from the Main Menu). To add or change a Subscriber ID, press [B] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu.
Subscriber Parameters Table 11-2 SVC Subscriber Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Subscriber Name 0–31 characters none Routing Algorithm 0–3 0 Systematic Redirection Y/N N Redirect on Busy Y/N N Redirect on Out of Order Y/N N Connection Priority 0–9 0 1st, 2nd,etc. Path Configured Y/N N RLP n/a 0 Port Physical port: 0–3 1 Logical port: 8–63 1 0 valid address none Redirection Address 0,1,etc. 1 The software does not verify that a specified port exists.
Redirect on Busy will redirect calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the primary subscriber device is busy. Redirect on Out of Order will redirects calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the primary subscriber device is out of order. Connection Priority prioritizes intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting a node.
Chapter 12 Configuring Async Ports Introduction The integral Async PAD function in the SmartSwitch 1800 allows asynchronous devices to connect to a frame relay or X.25 network. Required Configuration To run a port as an integral async PAD in a SmartSwitch 1800, make sure the following are properly configured: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Node parameters (Chapter 4). This is general configuration that must be done no matter which protocols will be run in the node.
Configuring Async PAD Profiles An async PAD profile is a specific set of X.3 parameters whose values define the operation of the device connected to an async PAD port on a SmartSwitch 1800. Different profiles contain the same parameters, but with difference(s) in the values. To display a list of existing PAD profile names and descriptions, press [A] at the Async PAD Configuration Menu (or [A], [A], [F], [A] from the Main Menu).
PAD Profile Parameters Table 12-1 Async PAD Profile Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Profile Description 1–31 uppercase chars.
02, Echo provides for characters received from the user's device to be transmitted back to the device as well as being interpreted by the PAD. 03, Data Forwarding Char allows the selection of defined sets of characters received from the user's device to be recognized by the PAD as an indication to complete the assembly and forward a complete packet sequence as defined in Recommendation X.25. Values (can be added) are: 0= 1= 4= 8= 16 = 32 = 64 = no data forwarding character.
= PAD will send an indication of a Break message to the remote end and remain in data transfer mode. 8 = PAD will escape from data transfer mode and enter command mode. 16 = PAD will discard output. 4 08, Discard Output allows a PAD to discard the contents of user sequences in packets on request, rather than disassembling and transmitting these to the user's device. 09, Padding After determines how many (if any) NULL padding characters will be added after a carriage return character.
17, Line Delete is the ASCII value of the character that will delete all characters stored in the editing buffer. 18, Line Display allows the DTE to display the contents of the PAD's buffer on a new line. The specified number defines the ASCII character that will be used as the Line Display character. 19, Edit Service Signal allows the DTE to specify the format of service signals. Values (can be added) are: 0 = no editing. 1 = edit signals for printing terminals. 2 = edit signals for display terminals.
Configuring Async PAD Login Parameters If an async subscriber will be required to log into a SmartSwitch 1800 async PAD, a login ID must be assigned. To display a list of existing login IDs and associated PAD profile names, press [C] at the Async PAD Configuration Menu (or [A], [A], [F], [C] from the Main Menu). To add or change login ID parameters, press [D] at the Async PAD Configuration Menu and enter a subscriber ID (described on page 12-15).
Profile Name is a name given to the async PAD's "profile." If login is not required (as determined in the Port record), the profile specified in Port record is always in effect. If login is required, the profile specified in the PAD Login record becomes effective at login, even if it is different from the profile specified in the Port record. If the profile specified is not defined in the database, the default profile, 90, will be in effect. (See "Configuring Async PAD Profiles" on page 12-2.
Pressing [J], [K], [M], [N], or [O] will display more parameters, listed in Table 12-3. Pressing [L] will display the async PAD profile parameters (listed earlier in this chapter) that are resident in the SmartSwitch software. Async PAD Port Parameters Table 12-3 Async Port Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Port Type see explanation X.25 Physical Por t Interface see explanation see explanation Blocked Port Flag Y/N N X.
Table 12-3 Parameter Async Port Parameters (continued) Valid Values Default Value Async PAD Options 2 0 (X.3) Async PAD Type 0–2 Devices Connected PAD Type 0,2: 1 PAD Type 1: 1–16 3 1 Assemble Full Message Y/N Data For warding Criteria 0 0 (use PAD profile) Special Forwarding Char not currently used n/a Dynamic Signaling Action 0 (none) 0 (none) 1 2 3 4 5 Y At line speeds of 38.4K bps or higher, RTS/CTS H/W Flow Contr ol should be Y.
Initial Profile Name is an async PAD profile (see page 12-2) that will be in effect on this port until the user of the async device logs into the PAD, at which time the profile in the PAD Logins record (see page 12-7) becomes effective. (If N is selected in the Port record for Login Required, the profile in the Port record is always in effect.) If the specified profile is not defined in the database, the default profile, 90, will be in effect.
Autocall Delay causes a delay after the link comes up before a Call Request will be issued. Called Address is the ID of the remote device, and is placed into the called address field of the Call Request. This parameter is relevant only if Autocall is Y; if Autocall is N, the called address will come from either the user device’s X.28 interface or an abbreviated address. If the async port is one end of a connection to a logical X.
Disconnect Timer is an inactivity timer that determines the length of time the port can go without transmitting or receiving characters, as determined by the parameters Timeout if No Login , Timeout if No Call , and Timeout if No Data. (The actual timeout may be up to thirty seconds after the number of minutes specified.) Disconnect Duration is the length of time the PAD will drop the modem signals after logout of the user (whether caused by a timeout or user command).
Disconnect if Clear Sent determines whether the user will be logged out if he sends a Clear to the network. Also, if Disconnect Timer and Disconnect Duration are set to values other than 0, the modem signals will be dropped when the user is logged out. This parameter is automatically disabled on a PVC connection. Async PAD Type defines the PAD type for transparent polled/multipoint async operation: 0 = normal (X.
Configuring Subscriber Addresses This operation creates records for the called and calling addresses that will be used in call setup. To complete the connection, the software must recognize where the call is coming from (calling address) and where it is going (called address). To display a list of current Subscriber IDs (addresses), press [A] at the Connections and Routing Paths Menu (or [A], [D], [A] from the Main Menu).
Subscriber Parameters Table 12-4 SVC Subscriber Parameters Parameter Valid Values Subscriber Name 0–31 characters none Routing Algorithm 0–3 0 System atic Redirection Y/N N Redir ect on Busy Y/N N Redir ect on Out of Order Y/N N Connection Priority 0–9 0 1st, 2nd,etc. Path Configured Y/N N RLP n/a 0 Port Physical port: 0–3 1 Logical port: 8–63 1 0 valid address none Redir ection Address 0,1,etc. Default Value 1 The software does not verify that a specified port exists.
Redirect on Busy will redirect calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the primary subscriber device is busy. Redirect on Out of Order will redirects calls (if Y) according to the Redirection Addresses if the primary subscriber device is out of order. Connection Priority prioritizes intra-nodal traffic; the higher the number, the higher the priority. (This priority has no effect on traffic exiting a node.
Configuring Async PVCs A SmartSwitch 1800 PVC is a "permanent" connection between two physical/logical ports in a node. This allows communication between the attached devices as soon as they are powered up, without having to first make a call to establish a connection. Async PVC support in the SmartSwitch 1800 includes async-to-async and async-toX.25. To display a list of current PVCs, press [A] at the PVC Configuration Menu (or [A], from the Main Menu).
Async PVC Parameters Table 12-5 Async PVC Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Connection Priority 0–9 0 Subscriber Name 0–31 characters none Logical Channel 1 1 RLP n/a 0 Port 0–3 Packet Size Window Size 0 128–4096 1–7 1 2 128 2 1 16, 32, 64 ,128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, or 4096 . Cannot be greater than the smaller 2 Maximum Packet Size specified in the port records for both ends of the connection.
Chapter 13 Configuring Voice Introduction The two voice ports in the SmartSwitch 1800 provide connectivity over frame relay for telephones, PBXs, fax machines, and analog modems. Voice support includes: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Ability to transmit voice and data over the same DLCI between SmartSwitch 1800s Digital signal processing (DSP) technology, providing quality equal to calls placed through a public telephone network Compression options from 4.
The SmartSwitch 1800 can combine voice and data frames over the same frame relay DLCI. In the current release of software, splitting the voice and data at the other end requires a connection to another Cabletron frame relay device (FRX4000, FRX6000, 9W004, or SmartSwitch 1800). That device must be configured with a PVC between the network frame relay port and the frame relay port that will transmit only the voice frames.
Configuring Voice System-Level Parameters Certain database parameters apply to specific ports or interfaces. Others are configured only once, and apply to all voice calls on the node. Pressing [A] at the Voice Configuration Menu will display a menu similar to the following.
Voice Node Number identifies the SmartSwitch 1800 as the source or destination node in call setup frames. This number must be the first four digits of each long-dial number, and is the number that must be dialed to reach a remote device. If a speed-dial number is configured for the long-dial number, the operator can enter that speed-dial number, and the software will read the long-dial number from the speed-dial map table.
Table 13-2 International Dialing Country Codes (continued) Country Code Country Code Country Code Guam 671 Norway 47 Vatican City 39 Guantanamo Bay 53 Pakistan 92 Venezuela 58 Guatemala Panama 507 Wales 44 502 Guyana 592 Paraguay 595 Yugoslavia 38 Haiti 509 Peru 51 Zaire, Rep.
Reviewing and Configuring the Speed-Dial Map Table The speed-dial map table contains dial numbers (similar to telephone numbers) that can be used to call remote devices. The table associates each of these numbers (called long-dial numbers) with a shorter (usually) speed-dial number that can be used to call the device, as well as any configured extended-dial digits that will be forwarded by the device.
Speed-Dial Map Parameters Table 13-3 Speed-Dial Map Configuration Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Long Dial Digit Mapping 6 digits (see explanation) none 1 none Extended Dial String 1 0–16 digits Including commas, each of which will create a pause when the number is being dialed. (The length of the pause is determined by the value configured for Forward Delay in the Voice Port record.) Long Dial Digit Mapping is the number for which the speed-dial number is a shortcut.
Configuring Voice Ports To configure a Voice port, press [D] at the Voice Configuration Menu (or [A], [C], [D] from the Main Menu. When prompted for a Port Number, enter 4 or 5. Voice 2 (Port 5) Voice 1 (Port 4) Figure 13-4 Voice Ports The display for an existing port will show the configured parameter values, while the display for a new port will show default database values. (See Table 13-4.) The following figure is an example of an existing port.
Voice Port Parameters Table 13-4 Voice Port Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Blocked Port Flag Y/N N Rate 4.
set to 0. If you set Source of Extended Digits to User , you must set the Dial Timer to a value other than 0. If you exit the record (via [F3] ) without resetting the Dial Timer and pressing [F7] to update the System Memory, the System Memory value will automatically be set to 5, and this value will be in effect. Blocked Port Flag will cause the port to be enabled (N) or disabled (Y) at node startup.
SLT Time-out is the time the local Voice port will wait before an actual fax transmission begins. If there is no fax tone when this timer expires, the connection will be terminated. Link Down Busy enables (if Y) or disables (if N ) automatic busy-out of channels when the link is down. When this parameter is enabled, the system will automatically busy-out channels when the composite link is down. When disabled, channels remain on-hook with the link is down.
Table 13-5 E&M Switch Settings E&M Type Sw. 8 Voice Port 2 Sw. 7 Sw. 6 Sw. 5 Sw. 4 Voice Port 1 Sw. 3 Sw. 2 Sw. 1 I Up Up Down Down Up Up Down Down II Down Up Up Down Down Up Up Down V Up Down Up Up Up Down Up Up The E&M types are described in Appendix C. Interface specifies (in conjunction with Telephony Interface Type) the type of interface that will be used by the Voice channel.
Jitter specifies the amount of jitter delay, which is used to compensate for the variable arrival time of frames. Inconsistent arrival can result in a choppy voice quality. Increasing the jitter buffer size will increase the end-to-end delay, but will insure smoother voice quality. Call Timer is the amount of time the SmartSwitch 1800 will wait for a response to a Call Connect or Call Clear request.
Auto Poll enables or disables auto polling if Auto Dial is set to Y. When Auto Poll is enabled, the SmartSwitch 1800 polls the destination device with the frequency specified by Auto Poll Timer. If the poll is not acknowledged, the SmartSwitch will "busy out" the channel. This parameter can be useful in situations where the destination is an emergency number that must always be available.
# of Leading Digits to Delete specifies the number of leading dial digits that will be deleted before a dial string is forwarded. This parameter is primarily used to delete leading digits that may be inserted by an attached PBX. For example, assume the user of attached equipment dials 1234 and the attached PBX inserts the number 9 as a prefix to the dial string. If # of Leading Digits to Delete is set to 1, the SmartSwitch 1800 will remove the 9 before forwarding the dialed digits 1234.
DTMF ON Duration specifies (if Forwarded Output Digits is All or Ext and Forwarded Digit Type is DTMF ) the length of a tone that will be used to produce a single DTMF digit. DTMF OFF Duration specifies (if Forwarded Output Digits is All or Ext and Forwarded Digit Type is DTMF ) the length of silence between DTMF tones in a dial digit string. Tone Type determines whether the multi-frequency tone will be dual-tone (DTMF) or single-tone (MF).
Nod e Name=n ode_xyz V oice In terface Con figu ration Parameters * Interface Numb er 1 A B C D E F G H Interface Peer Node Typ e Peer Nod e Numb er (D efau lt) Peer Nod e Port (D efau lt) Local Node N umber (Default) Local Node Port (D efault) Frame R elay Port Frame R elay D LCI Enable Fragmen tation SmartSw itch 1800 1 0 2 1 0 16 N Option: Figure 13-7 Voice Interface Configuration Menu [A],[F],[F] from Main Menu Voice Interface Parameters The parameters that can be configured are listed in the fo
Local Node Number (Default) is the Voice Node Number (see "Configuring Voice System-Level Parameters") of the local SmartSwitch 1800. Local Node Port (Default) is the Voice port in the local SmartSwitch 1800. Frame Relay Port is the local frame relay port over which Voice will be transmitted. Frame Relay DLCI is the local frame relay DLCI over which Voice will be transmitted. 13-18 SmartSwitch 1800 4.
Chapter 14 Configuring IP Routing Introduction The IP functions in the SmartSwitch 1800 support routing of IP (internet protocol) traffic among IP devices on LANs and routed subnetworks, via frame relay or X.25. Routing can be dynamic (RIP versions 1 and 2 are supported), and static routes can be configured. A SmartSwitch 1800 can also be configured to act as a gateway, forwarding IP packets it receives. IP functionality also allows support of an SNMP agent in a SmartSwitch 1800.
Network ● Node Class C allows up to approximately 2 million network numbers, and 255 node numbers: Bits 0–2 are 110, bits 3–23 are the network identifier, and bits 24–31 are the node identifier. In dotted decimal notation, the range of Class C addresses is 192.0.0.0–223.255.255.255 . Node Network If the node identifier is all zeroes, the overall 32-bit IP address refers specifically to the network identified by the network identifier.
Required Configuration To run IP in a SmartSwitch 1800, make sure the following are properly configured: ● ● ● ● ● Node parameters (Chapter 4). This is general configuration that must be done no matter which protocols will be run in the node. Loaded protocols (Chapter 5): IP, RIP, and the transport protocol: frame relay or X.25. LAN port (page 6-5) that will connect to the LAN(s). Frame relay (Chapter 7) or X.25 (Chapter 8) port(s) that will connect to a network or frame relay PVC.
IP Node Defaults Parameters Table 14-1 IP Node Defaults Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value RIP Version RIPv1, RIPv2, RIPv1 Compatibility RIPv1 RIP Version determines the version of RIP that will be supported in the SmartSwitch 1800. RIPv1 and RIPv2 are incompatible with each other on the same network; however, each is compatible with RIPv1 Compatibility.
N ode Name=n odexyz I P In terface Configuration * Interface Numb er: 10 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q Maximum Transmiss ion Un it Routing Metric Coun t ICMP R ed irects RIP Sup port RIP Flash Up dates (sec) RIP Fu ll U pdates (sec) Priority Bandw id th Allocation Group Interface Type Source Card Source Port Source DLC I Enable I nvers e ARP Destination IP Ad dres s Unn umbered I nterface Source IP A ddress Network Mas k 4096 0 Y 0 En abled 60 120 5 1 FRL 0 0 16 N 100.100.2.1 N 100.100.2.2 255.0.0.
Node Name=nod exyz I P In terface Configuration - Screen 2 I nterface N umber: 0 S econd ary IP A ddress Con figu ration A Seq 1 B Sec. I P Ad dr 10.10.10.10 C N et Mas k 55.55.55.0 D Bcast Ad dr 10.10.10.255 E RMetric 0 F R IP S upp ort 0 G Del Option: Figure 14-3 LAN IP Interface – Secondary Address Configuration Up to 15 secondary IP addresses can be configured on a LAN interface, providing support for multiple IP subnets on the same physical LAN segment.
IP Interface Parameters Table 14-2 through Table 14-4 list all possible IP Interface parameters. (Some will not be displayed, depending on how others are configured.) Because several parameters apply to more then one interface type, descriptions of all IP Interface parameters follow Table 14-4.
Table 14-3 X.25 IP Interface Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Maximum Transmission Unit 1–4096 4096 Routing Metric Count 0–255 0 ICMP Redirects Y/N Y RIP Support 0 (Enabled), 1 (Rcv only), 2 (Disabled) 0 (Enabled) RIP Flash Updates (sec) 5–300 10 RIP Full Updates (sec) 10–300 30 Pr iority 0–9 5 Bandwidth Allocation Group 1–16 1 Interface Type X.25 n/a Destination IP Address 1.0.0.0–223.255.255.
Table 14-4 Ethernet/Token Ring IP Interface Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Maximum Tr ansmission Unit 1–4096 4096 Routing Metric Count 0–255 0 ICMP Redirects Y/N Y RIP Support 0 (Enabled), 1 (Rcv only), 2 (Disabled) 0 (Enabled) RIP Flash Updates (sec) 5–300 10 RIP Full Updates (sec) 10–300 30 Priority 0–9 5 Bandwidth Allocation Group 1–16 1 Interface Type Ethernet, 802.3, 802.5 n/a Source IP Address 1.0.0.0–223.255.255.255 none Networ k Mask 255.0.0.0–225.
Descriptions of Parameters Common to all Interface Types Maximum Transmission Unit is the maximum size (in bytes) of the data field that can be used to encapsulate an IP datagram for transmission over the interface. Any datagrams larger than the Maximum Transmission Unit will be fragmented, resulting in additional processing on any intermediate routers or gateways, as well as the destination host.
Interface Type specifies the physical interface over which this IP interface will run. Descriptions of Parameters Specific to Frame Relay Interfaces Source Port/DLCI identifies the physical and logical interface of this end of the frame relay link. Make sure the physical frame relay port is not reserved for backup DLCIs (as determined by the For Backup Use Only? parameter in the port record—see page 7-18).
Network Mask is used during routing to determine the portion of the address associated with the network and subnetwork (if any). All bits associated with the network/subnet should be set to 1, and must be contiguous. Descriptions of Parameters Specific to X.25 Interfaces Destination IP Address is the IP address of the end-to-end receiver for point-to-point X.25 connections. The valid range of values guarantees that you cannot configure all 0s or all 1s for a network ID, node ID, or subnet ID.
PVC Connection simply states whether this interface is a PVC. Descriptions of Parameters Specific to LAN Interfaces Source IP Address is the IP address of the end-to-end sender. The valid range of values guarantees that you cannot configure all 0s or all 1s for a network ID, node ID, or subnet ID. (See page 14-1.) Network Mask is used during routing to determine the portion of the address associated with the network and subnetwork (if any).
RMetric is the routing metric count associated with the secondary IP address. This count is the number of "hops" (subnet gateways in the overall path over the internet) associated with this interface (usually zero). During routing, the interface with the lowest count will be selected.
Some changes to IP Static Routes and IP Interfaces (described earlier) require an extra step to update the SmartSwitch 1800 software. Changing certain parameters will generate the message: Dynamic Routing Parameters have changed. ............. Do you wish to update them at this time Y/N (N)? This must be done, but if you are making several changes to IP Interfaces and Static Routes, you can save time by specifying N for each change until the final one.
Chapter 15 Configuring IPX Introduction The SmartSwitch 1800 supports connections to Novell IPX networks, for the purpose of routing traffic among LAN-attached workstations and local/remote servers, over frame relay or X.25, or between local LANs. The SmartSwitch 1800 supports IPX versions of RIP (routing information protocol) and SAP (service advertising protocol), providing end-to-end compatibility over a LAN or frame relay network (via RFC 1490) with other IPX routers.
Configuring IPX Node Defaults Press [E] at the Configure IP/LLC2/BRIDGE/IPX Default Parameters Menu (or [A], [A], [E], [E] from the Main Menu) to configure default IPX node parameters.
Configuring IPX Filters Filtering is the method by which the network manager controls usage of a mixed network by connection-oriented and connectionless traffic. (Connectionless traffic does not require establishment of a logical connection prior to data exchange.) A filter permits or denies (depending on how it is configured) some or all of a specific type of IPX traffic across an interface. For example, a filter can be configured to deny transmission of all outbound IPX SAP entries.
IPX Filter D efinitions * * Filter Category Filter ID 1–S AP 1 A B C D E F G H I J Filter Name Service Typ e Value Service Typ e Mas k Server Name Network Ad dres s V alu e Network Ad dres s Mask Nod e Ad dres s V alu e Nod e Ad dres s Mask Socket Add ress Value Socket Add ress Mask filter_zxy 0004 000f s erver_123 ff00ac00 ffff0000 10ac45000001 ffffff000000 4000 f000 Op tion : Figure 15-2 IPX SAP Filter Record [A],[A],[E],[F],[B] from Main Menu How Filter Masks Work Each IPX filter parameter excep
IPX Filter Parameters The four types of IPX filters are listed in separate tables: RIP filters – see Table 15-2. SAP filters – see Table 15-3. Packet filters – see Table 15-4. RIP Router filters – see Table 15-5. ● ● ● ● Explanations of some parameters follow the tables. Explanations of individual masks are not included below because they were described in general under "How Filter Masks Work" on page 15-4.
Service Type Value is a SAP Service Type code. Some common types are: 0003 0007 = print queue = print server 0004 0009 = file server = archive server 0005 0024 = job server = remote bridge server Server Name identifies a specific server whose incoming/outgoing packets will be affected by the SAP filter. Network Address Value is an IPX network number assigned to the network containing the server identified by Server Name. Node Address Value identifies the node to which the filter will be applied.
Packet Type Value identifies the packet type: 00 01 04 05 11 14 = = = = = = unknown packet type RIP packet SAP packet SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) packet NCP (NetWare Core Protocol) packet Propagated packet, used for NetBIOS (an IBM protocol that performs transport- and session-layer tasks) Destination Network Value is the network number of the destination node's network. The internetwork address is the network number followed by the socket number.
Configuring IPX Filter Applications IPX Filter Applications determine how filters will be used at the interface. To review existing applications, press [C] at the Configure Filter Definitions and Applications Menu (or [A], [A], [E], [F], [C] from the Main Menu). To configure an application, press [D] at the Configure Filter Definitions and Applications Menu. When prompted, enter: ● ● ● ● Interface number: 0–63. (The default is 0.) This identifies the virtual interface.
IPX Filter Applications Parameters Table 15-6 IPX Filter Applications Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Permit Y/N N Filter "n" 0–65535 0 Permit Determines whether the traffic defined by the Filter "n" entries will be permitted or denied passage across the interface. Filter "n" corresponds to the Filter IDs in the IPX Filter Definitions file. (See page 15-3.) Configuring IPX Interfaces An IPX interface allows a SmartSwitch 1800 to connect to a Novell IPX network.
IPX Interface Parameters Table 15-7 through Table 15-9 list parameters specific to frame relay, X.25, and LAN interfaces, respectively. Explanations of most parameters follow Table 15-9.
X.25 Interface Parameters (continued) Table 15-8 IPX X.25 Interface Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Blocked Port Flag Y/N N Interface Type X.
LAN Interface Parameters Table 15-9 Parameter Valid Values Default Value Blocked Port Flag Y/N N Interface Type Ethernet, 802.5 Depends on interface number 1 Frame Type TYPE_II, RAW, LLC, SNAPI TYPE_II Maximum Transmission Unit (frame size) Ethernet: 45–1518 802.
Parameter Descriptions Descriptions of Parameters Common to All Interface Types Blocked Port Flag causes the IPX interface to be enabled (N) or disabled (Y) at node IPL. The port will remain in that state until this parameter is changed. Interface Type Supported types are: Ethernet, 802.5 (Token Ring), X.25, and Frame Relay. Frame Type TYPE_II RAW LLC SNAP matches Novell's Ethernet_II frame type. matches Novell's Ethernet_802.3 frame type. matches Novell's Ethernet_802.2 or Token-Ring frame type.
NetBIOS Hops is the maximum number of hops allowed for routing a Novell-encapsulated NetBIOS frame. (Each router in a packet's path to the destination network is one hop.) Frames exceeding this value will be discarded. Periodic RIP Enabled determines whether the node will originate periodic IPX Routing Information Protocol (RIP) messages from this interface (assuming RIP is enabled), to inform the network that the route through this interface is viable.
Serialization Enabled determines whether NetWare file server serialization security frames will be forwarded on the interface. These broadcast frames are used by Novell to hold information regarding the licensing of the file server executables. Disabling serialization allows filtering of these broadcasts to reduce WAN traffic, and is not intended to interfere with copyright-protection mechanisms.
SVC Idle Timer is a period that an IPX connection can remain active with no traffic before the connection is cleared. Max VCs to Establish specifies a number of virtual circuits over which IPX traffic will be transmitted in parallel. PVC Connection identifies this interface as one end of a PVC. Descriptions of Parameters Specific to LAN Interfaces LAN Card Number identifies the interface number as 0. There is no LAN card, but the software code is shared with the Netlink FRX6000, which does have a card.
Nod e Name=n ode_xyz I PX Rou te Main ten ance * * A B C D E Type Route Number Network A ddress Hop s Tran sport Time Router Interface 0–RI P 23 0000f0ac 26 30 00000000ff34 5 Option:: Figure 15-5 IPX RIP Route Record [A],[D],[I] from Main Menu IPX RIP Static Route Parameters Table 15-10 Parameter IPX RIP Static Route Parameters Valid Values Default Value Network 1–fffffffe (4 bytes) 00000001 Hops 0–65535 1 Transpor t Time 0–65535 1 Router 0–fffffffffffe (6 bytes) 000000000001 Interface
Router Is the hex value of the node address of the router that will forward a packet when this route is used. If Novell's IPXWAN protocol is used on the interface (as configured in the IPX Interface file, described earlier in this chapter), this field will be ignored. Interface is the IPX network number assigned to the interface used to send packets that are using this route.
Router is the hex value of the node address of the router that will forward a packet when this route is used. If Novell's IPXWAN protocol is used on the interface (as configured in the IPX Interface file), this field will be ignored. Interface is the IPX network number assigned to the interface used to send packets that are destined for this server.
Chapter 16 Configuring Bridging Introduction The SmartSwitch 1800 supports transparent "spanning tree" bridging of non-routable LAN traffic (e.g., NetBIOS, DECnet, AppleTalk) over frame relay between 802.3/ Ethernet or 802.5/Token Ring LANs. The SmartSwitch also supports translational bridging between Ethernet and Token Ring LANs. (For more information on bridging, refer to IEEE standard 802.1d.
Incoming LLC2 traffic that is destined for a terminated MAC address will be forwarded to the node's internal LLC2 processes. Non-terminated LLC2 frames and all other frames will be forwarded to the bridge. Under the spanning tree concept, bridges automatically maintain forwarding tables via exchange of messages with other bridges on the network, and determination of single paths for traffic between endpoints (assuming there are multiple possible paths).
Configuring Default Node-Wide Bridging Parameters If one or more Bridge ports (interfaces) will be established in the local node, certain parameters must be configured to define bridge operation. Press [B] at the Configure IP/LLC2/BRIDGE/IPX Default Parameters Menu (or [A], [A], [E], [B] from the Main Menu). When prompted, enter: ● Virtual LAN ID – if also configuring LLC2 or Bridging in the node, enter a value of 0–fff (hex). Otherwise, press [Enter] (accepting the default of 000).
Bridge Node Default Parameters Table 16-1 Bridge Node Default Parameters Parameter Valid Values Virtual LAN ID n/a – accept the default Bridge Enabled Y/N Y Bridge Hello Time 1–10 (seconds) 1 2 Bridge Max Age 6–40 (seconds) 1 20 Bridge Forward Delay 4–30 (seconds) 1 15 Bridge Aging Timer 10–10000000 (seconds) 300 Bridge Priority 0–65535 32768 Max Size Bridge For warding Table 128–65535 32768 IP Bridging Enabled Y/N N IPX Bridging Enabled Y/N N SRB ID 0–f (hex) 0 Default Et
Bridge Aging Timer determines how long learned addresses will be saved in the forwarding table before they are deleted. Bridge Priority will become the first two octets of the Bridge ID, used to determine which bridge will be Root. Since the lowest Bridge ID becomes Root, a lower Bridge Priority increases the possibility of becoming Root. Max Size Bridge Forwarding Table determines the maximum number of entries in the bridge forwarding table. The actual number may be limited by available memory.
Configuring Bridge Filters Filtering is the method by which the network manager controls usage of an internetwork. A filter permits or denies (depending on how it is configured) some or all of a specific type of bridged traffic across an interface. This can be helpful in such ways as limiting unwanted or inappropraite traffic onto LANs or WANs, or preventing access to certain devices for security purposes. The process of configuring and using Bridge filters is as follows.
Node N ame=node_xyz Bridge Filter D efinitions * * A B C D E Filter Category Filter ID Filter Name Sou rce MAC Ad dres s Value Sou rce MAC Ad dres s Mas k Destination MAC Add ress V alu e Destination MAC Add ress Mask 5–MA C 1 filter_abc ff00ac00 ffff0000 10ac45000001 ffffff000000 Op tion :: Figure 16-2 Bridge MAC Filter Configuration Screen [A],[A],[E],[F],[G] from Main Menu How Filter Masks Work Most Bridge filter parameters are assigned values and associated "masks.
Bridge Filter Definition Parameters Table 16-2 through Table 16-6 list the various filter parameters. Explanations of some parameters follow the tables. Explanations of individual masks are not included below because they were described in general under "How Filter Masks Work" on page 16-7.
Source MAC Address Value is the MAC address in the source address field of the frame. Destination MAC Address Value is the MAC address in the destination address field of the frame. Table 16-4 Bridge SAP Filter Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Filter Name 1–31 characters none SSAP Value 0–ff (1 byte) 0 SSAP Mask 0–ff 0 DSAP Value 0–ff (1 byte) 0 DSAP Mask 0–ff 0 Filter Name helps the user identify the filter. The name is not used by the software.
Table 16-6 Bridge NetBIOS Filter Parameters Parameter Valid Values Default Value Filter Name 1–31 characters none Source NetBIOS Name 1–36 characters none Destination NetBIOS Name 1–36 characters none Filter Name helps the user identify the filter. The name is not used by the software. Source NetBIOS Name should be obtained from a system administrator. Destination NetBIOS Name should be obtained from a system administrator.
Nod e Name=n ode_xyz Bridge Filter Ap plications * * * A B C D E F G H I J K Bridge Port N umber Filter Type Direction Permit Filter App lication 1 Filter App lication 2 Filter App lication 3 Filter App lication 4 Filter App lication 5 Filter App lication 6 Filter App lication 7 Filter App lication 8 Filter App lication 9 Filter App lication 10 2 5 MA C I–I nbou nd Y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Option: Figure 16-3 Typical Bridge Filter Applications Record [A],[A],[E],[F],[I] from Main Menu Up to 100 filters ca
Configuring Bridge Ports A Bridge port is a SmartSwitch 1800 LAN interface or frame relay port that will operate as a bridge connection to the LAN or WAN. Press [C] at the IP/LLC2/BRIDGE/IPX Interfaces Configuration Menu to display configured Bridge ports.
Nod e Name=nod e_xyz Brid ge Port/LLC-2 Interface Configuration * Bridge Port/LLC 2 In terface Nu mber: 0 A B C D E F I nterface Typ e Blocked Port Flag Port Priority Path Cos t Priority LA N Card Ethernet N 128 100 0 0 Option:: Figure 16-5 Bridge Port Record Example [A],[C],[E],[D] from Main Menu Bridge Port Parameters The following table lists parameters for all interface types. Explanations of some parameters follow the table.
2 3 4 5 6 Valid port numbers depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1. Make sure the port is not configured (in the Port record) for backup use only. Make sure the DLCI is not part of a frame relay DLCI backup group. Also make sure the DLCI is not the one configured on the port as a frame relay PVC. If Native LLC2 , the interface can be used only for terminated LLC2 traffic. Configured in LLC2 Host file.
Make sure the DLCI is not part of a frame relay DLCI backup group. (See page 7-22.) Also make sure that the DLCI is different than the one configured for the physical port in the frame relay PVC record. Format is the RFC1490 encapsulation method used for bridged traffic. Note that specifying 8023_TB will add an Ethernet header to the frame, and 8025_SRB will add a Token Ring header. Bandwidth Allocation Group assigns the interface to one of sixteen groups whose parameters regulate bandwidth usage.
Chapter 17 Configuring SNMP The SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent allows a network management station using internet protocol to obtain information from Cabletron frame relay access devices. Access to the agent is through any IP interface, including frame relay or X.25 ports configured for IP, and LAN interfaces. The agent handles get and (for some fields) set commands from the SNMP manager to provide topology information and node status.
This information will be included in IPL messages to the SNMP agent, and will be stored for access via the MIB. System Defaults Parameters Table 17-1 SNMP System Defaults Parameters Parameter System Name System Location System Contact 1 Valid Values Default Value 0–250 characters 1 none 0–250 characters 1 none 0–250 characters 1 none Although the SNMP standard for these fields is 256 characters, a SmartSwitch 1800 filelength restriction limits the fields to 250 characters each.
Nod e Name=nod e_xyz C ommunity Table A S eq 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 B Name name1 name2 name3 name4 name5 name6 name7 name8 name9 name10 name11 name12 name13 name14 name15 name16 C Acces sD D el Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Read_write Option:: Figure 17-2 SNMP Community Table Menu [A],[A],[D],[B] from Main Menu To configure an entry, press the correspon
Configuring Trap Routing The "trap" task allows the SNMP manager to specify one or more IP addresses (up to sixteen) to which the node's events (alarms) will be sent (as SNMP traps). To configure trap routing, press [C] at the SNMP Configuration Menu. Nod e Name=n ode_xyz Trap R outing A Seq B Add ress C En abled 1 255.255.255.255 Y es 2 123.123.123.123 Y es 3 0.0.0.0 No 4 0.0.0.0 No 5 0.0.0.0 No 6 0.0.0.0 No 7 0.0.0.0 No 8 0.0.0.0 No 9 0.0.0.0 No 10 0.0.0.0 No 11 0.0.0.0 No 12 0.0.0.0 No 13 0.0.0.
Address is an IP address to which all traps meeting the "enabled" and severity class criteria will be sent. Enabled determines whether or not traps meeting the severity class criterion will be sent to the specified address. Severity determines the lowest severity-level traps (events) that will be sent to the specified address. (1 is the highest.) For example, if 3 is specified, traps of severity levels 1, 2, and 3 will be sent (assuming the menu item is enabled).
Section III Operation
Chapter 18 Introduction to System Operation Once the database has been configured and the node has been brought on line, little operator intervention is generally necessary. The various functions that can be performed from the menus allow the operator to do such things as: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Perform on-line software updates to nodes. Enable and disable ports, useful for maintenance or updates, or for preventing use of particular ports (for any reason). Transfer files between nodes.
Node Name=nod e_xyz MAIN ME NU A C onfiguration B Operation C S tatus Displays D Events E S tatis tics F R ep orts Option:: Figure 18-1 Main Menu Menu items under entry A are described in Chapter 3. The following shows where to find the remaining operations among the menus. The chapters where items are described are shown in parentheses. Any item not followed by a chapter/appendix number is described in the chapter/appendix shown following the next higher level.
G Unquiesce a Port – Cancels the Quiesce a Port command (only if there are still active connections on the port). H Unquiesce a Range of Ports – Unquiesces a specified group of same-type ports. C On-Line Database Operations – (Chapter 19) backs up database and/or system files locally or remotely.
F Protocol Status A IPX RIP Table Display – displays the contents of the RIP table. B IPX SAP Table Display – displays the contents of the SAP table. C SDLC PU Status – displays a list of configured station addresses for a specified SNA port, including current active/inactive states. D Bridge Status Displays A Bridge Port Status Display – displays a list of Bridge ports, including type, active status, bridge state (forwarding, listening, etc.), and number of bytes received and transmitted.
B Display Voice Connection Statistics – displays data on call setup, frames received and transmitted, numbers dialed, call state, and congestion management. F Reports A Create Configuration Report – (Chapter 3) produces a summary of all database records in the node. B View Configuration Report – (Chapter 3) displays the above summary. C View Initialization Report – (Chapter 2) produces a list of messages created during the current boot-up of a node.
Chapter 19 On-line Operations Numerous functions can be performed without disrupting normal operation of a SmartSwitch 1800; for example: ● ● ● ● Taking remote control of another SmartSwitch 1800 or other Cabletron frame relay access device Backing up, restoring, and transferring files Enabling/disabling ports or SNA PUs Running tests The remainder of this chapter describes these operations and more.
Remote Control from the SmartSwitch 1800 1. Press [A] at the On-Line Node Operations Menu (or [B], [A], [A] from the Main Menu) of the controlling node. When prompted, enter a Remote Control ID and Remote Control Password, configured in Node Defaults ([A], [A] from the Main Menu) on the node you want to control. 2. When prompted to press any key to continue, press [Enter]. 3. The remote ID (Node Name ) is displayed as wait during Call Request processing.
Remote Control from an Async PAD Port Once the ANSI terminal is in Command mode (described on page A-1), follow this procedure to take remote control of a SmartSwitch 1800: 1. Enter the Remote Control ID of the node (specified in its Node Defaults file), followed (with no spaces) by the letter d and the Remote Control Password of the node (also specified in its Node Defaults file). An example of a correct entry for a Remote Control ID of 1234 and a password of remote is 1234dremote. 2.
Transferring Files and Updating Software Remote File Transfer This operation copies a file from one Cabletron frame relay access device (SmartSwitch 1800, FRM, FRX4000, FRX6000) to another. This operation requires either physical X.25 ports or logical X.25 (on physical frame relay) ports on each device. Before a file transfer is performed to or from this node, make sure a File Transfer ID is specified in Node Defaults. Press [B] at the On-Line Node Operations Menu (or [B], [A], [B] from the Main Menu).
Remote Software Update This operation allows an operator to send a complete software update from one SmartSwitch 1800 to another or from a SmartSwitch 1800 to an FRX4000. (You cannot remotely update a SmartSwitch 1800 from an FRX4000.) The file UPDATE.TXT contains a list of the files that will be transferred. Before an update is performed, make sure a File Transfer ID is specified in Node Defaults. Packet switching is reduced when multiple file transfers occur, because of the data I/O.
Backing Up and Restoring Files Backing Up and Restoring a Database Press [C] at the Operations Menu (or [B], [C] from the Main Menu) to display the following list of backup and restore operations: A B C D E Back up the Current Database to a Remote FRX6000 Back up the Current Database to a Remote FRX4000/SS1800 Restore the Backed-Up Database to a Remote FRX4000/SS1800 Back up the Database to a Local Directory Restore the Database from a Local Directory Remote Backup and Restore (Items A–C) Items A and B ar
Copying a SmartSwitch 1800 Directory to/from a PC This operation applies only to a SmartSwitch 1800 with a PC attached to the Console port. The PC must be running Procomm Plus with ZMODEM. The procedure was tested using Procomm Plus 2.1 for Windows, but other versions containing ZMODEM should also work. It is assumed that anyone performing this procedure knows how to use ZMODEM.
Backing Up and Restoring Local Files Local File Backup This operation applies only to a SmartSwitch 1800 with a PC attached to the Console port. The PC must be running Procomm Plus with ZMODEM. The procedure was tested using Procomm Plus 2.1 for Windows, but other versions containing ZMODEM should also work. It is assumed that anyone performing this procedure knows how to use ZMODEM.
Table 19-1 Database Files File Name Description ABVSUB.DAT Abbreviated addresses (substitutes for subscriber IDs) APPDATA.BIN Record of all purchased protocols BRGFLTAP.DAT Bridge filter applications BRGFLTD.DAT Bridge filter definitions BSCDSP.DAT BSC devices parameters COMPAR.DAT SNMP community table parameters CUGPAR.DAT X.25 closed user group parameters ERRMSG.TXT Event (alarm) messages FRBKUPGR.DAT Frame Relay Backup Groups FRDLCI.DAT Frame relay DLCIs IPISUB.
Local File Restore This operation applies only to a SmartSwitch 1800 with a PC attached to the Console port. The PC must be running Procomm Plus with ZMODEM. The procedure was tested using Procomm Plus 2.1 for Windows, but other versions containing ZMODEM should also work. It is assumed that anyone performing this procedure knows how to use ZMODEM. This operation places a heavy load on the SmartSwitch 1800's central processor, and should be performed only when there is minimal traffic on the node.
If sending database files and operating software files, send all of one type, then be sure to repeat step 3 to change the directory to which the remaining file(s) will be sent.
◆ ◆ From port: 0–7 for physical ports, 8–63 for logical ports. Valid numbers for physical ports depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1. To port: 0–7, 8–63. A disabled port's state is reported as Link_Disabled on status displays, and the port can neither send nor receive packets. Quiescing and Unquiescing Ports Quiesce operations allow you to cause a single port or a sequential range of same-type ports (e.g.
Disabling and Enabling SDLC PUs These operations disable or enable the link station connection between the node and a PU or a range of PUs (grouped by sequential port numbers). Press [G] at the Operations Menu to display the following figure.
Tests IP Ping Connectivity Test The IP Ping function sends packets to an IP host to determine whether the host is reachable. Press [F] at the Operations Menu to display the following: N ode N ame=node_xyz IP Pin g C onnectivity Test A IP A ddress B In ter-Pack et Time (secs ) 100.100.100.100 1 Op tion :: Figure 19-3 IP Ping Connectivity Test Menu [B],[F] from Main Menu To begin the test: 1. Press [A] and enter an IP address of the host that will receive (and echo) the pings. 2.
It should be noted that pinging a SmartSwitch 1800 interface will verify only connectivity to that SmartSwitch. Using the example in Figure 19-4, if the operator at device A wants to ping device B, s/he must ping device B’s IP address. To ping Node 1, the operator at device A must ping the IP address of interface 1. To ping Node B, the operator must ping interface 3. To locate a connectivity problem between A and B, the operator at device A should first ping interface 1.
Initiating Frame Relay Backup Switchover/Switchback Frame Relay backup DLCIs can be configured (as described in Chapter 7) to automatically become operational a set time after failure of a primary DLCI, and to switch back to the primary a set time after the primary becomes operational again. These automatic settings can be overridden via Frame Relay Backup Operations ([B], [J] from the Main Menu). From the Frame Relay Backup Operations Menu: ● ● To switch from a primary to one of its backups, press [A].
Chapter 20 Status Displays Displaying Node Status Press [A] at the Status Displays Menu to display the overall performance of this node, as well as most of the data shown on the Port Status Display. (See page 20-2.
Displaying Port Status Press [B] at the Status Displays Menu to display the status of all serial lines on this node (LAN port status is not displayed).
● Disabled – The link has been broken by the Disable Port operation (at the OnLine Control menu). Disconnect – For X.25, level 1 is up but level 2 cannot be established. For SNA HPAD, no XID or SNRM command frame has been received for any link address configured for the HPAD subscriber. Configured – The port is configured in the database, but has been disabled. Dial Ready – The X.25 dial port is ready to transmit or receive calls. Quiesced – The port has been quiesced (described on page 19-12).
N ode N ame=node_xyz C onnection S tatus Display Menu (Page 1) From: S eqDLCI 1 16 2 17 3 18 4 20 5 32 6 33 7 34 8 35 9 36 10 25 11 24 12 42 13 43 14 44 S tate D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s D ata_tran s C u m Tran s 587 588 592 580 585 600 621 579 586 588 593 602 610 585 u la R ecd 497 574 586 486 602 594 600 543 584 586 610 498 506 560 RLP: 0 t i v e Disc 0 0 1 0 6
● ● RLP – is always 0, except for a remote control, file transfer, or alarm connection, in which case this number is always 253. P – is the port number (0-7 are physical ports, 8–63 are logical ports), unless RLP is 253, in which case: 66 = Remote control, 67 = File transfer, 68 = Alarm connection.
● ● RLP – is always 0, except for a remote control, file transfer, or alarm connection, in which case this number is always 253. P – is the port number (0-7 are physical ports, 8–63 are logical ports), unless RLP is 253, in which case: 66 = Remote control, 67 = File transfer, 68 = Alarm connection. Displaying Port Signals This display lists basic configuration and line status for all serial ports, as well as signal states (on/off) at the physical interfaces. Press [D] at the Status Displays Menu.
● Line Status: Failed (level 2 is down) Disconnect (level 2 is up; level 3 is down) Restart (level 3 is restarting) Not_configured (port is not configured) Operational (level 3 is up) ● TD(2), etc. – The signal names (with connector pin numbers in parentheses) are listed as ON , OFF, or UNK (unknown: non-functional, unused, or in transition between states). For different physical interfaces, the names remain the same, but the numbers change.
BECN, and DE bits will be displayed separately, then the remainder of each frame will be displayed as data. E Allows specification of the length of frame relay data to display. F Stops the display from scrolling, or restarts if stopped. H Toggles the data format between ASCII and hexadecimal. L Monitors a specific LCN or DLCI. If packets are being exchanged, the display will scroll them. To return to monitoring all LCNs/DLCIs, select L and enter 0 when prompted for an LCN/DLCI.
X.25 Line Monitor The X.25 line monitor is used to monitor X.25, SDLC, BSC, and async ports. The following figure shows an example. 09:23:05:16 09:23:05:27 09:23:05:27 09:23:06:05 09:23:06:18 09:23:07:13 I I I O O O DA TA DA TA RR RR DA TA DA TA LCN 4072 PR 4 PS 4 LNG 1024:56686520756190G801 LCN 4072 PR 4 PS 5 LNG 1024:46686521255190G811 LCN 4071 PR 6 PS LCN 4072 PR 6 PS LCN 4072 PR 6 PS 6 LNG 1024 :557586707555090G85 LCN 4071 PR 6 PS 7 LNG 1024 :54389450758090G859 Figure 20-6 X.
X.25 Port Trace Example The following is an example of an X.25 port LAPB trace of Modulo 128 link activation: 01 01 03 01 01 03 03 01 01 SABME P UA F I N(R) 0 N(S) 0 (0005):1000FB0700 I N(R) 1 N(S) 0 (0005):1000FB8700 RR N(R) 1 RR P N(R) 1 RR F N(R) 1 RR P N(R) 1 RR F N(R) 1 SDLC HPAD Port Trace Example The following is an example of an SDLC HPAD (level 2) port trace - Controller Address 03 Modulo 8 Link Activation and SNA PU and LU (Destination Address Field 02) activation.
03 I 03 01 01 03 02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 01 01 02 02 03 03 03 01 01 02 02 03 03 03 01 01 02 02 03 03 01 01 02 02 03 03 Status Displays I RR RR I RR RR I I RR I I RR RR RR RR RR RR RR I RR RR RR RR RR I RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR N(R) 7 N(S) 7 (0204):280002000001038000C9C4407E40C9D9D4C17BF4 SNA BANNER/VTAM MSG 10 N(R) 7 N(S) 0 (0248):2000020000014081998540839695A38189958584 P N(R) 3 F N(R) 1 N(R) 7 N(S) 1 (0248):2000020000018195844086858485998193409381 P N(R) 5 F N(R) 7 N(R) 7 N(S) 2 (0231):24
Frame Relay Ports The following figure shows an example of a frame relay port display: 16:23:58:00 R 0016 D (0008) 16:23:59:10 R 0016 D (0008) 16:24:02:00 R 0016 D (0008) 16:24:02:20 R 0016 D (0008) 0000 LIV S tatus Enqu iry 135/134 0000 LI V S tatus 135/135 16:24:18:00 R 0016 F (0008) 16:24:18:30 R 0016 D (0008) 16:24:18:40 R 0016 D (0008) 16:23:58:00 R 0016 F (0008) 16:23:58:00 R 0016 F (0008) 16:23:58:00 R 0016 B (0008) 16:23:58:00 R 0016 B (0008) 16:23:58:00 R 0016 B (0008) 0000 Full Statu s En quiry 1
The format of status exchanges depends on the type of link management. Annex D frames always use DLCI 0000, and LMI frames always use DLCI 1023.
The type of link management used has no bearing on the format of the Q.922 UI frame. Trace Example The following is an example of a frame relay port trace of Modulo 8 X.25 logical port link activation (X.
frames. Besides the encapsulation information, the main difference between BAN and BNN LLC2 frames is that BAN sends the MAC addresses across the WAN. BAN is usually used for connectivity to AS/400 hosts only. Test Frame Examples LLC2 802.
14 = Time To Live (14 seconds/hops) 11 = Protocol (hex 11 is 17 UDP, hex 01 is 01 ICMP, hex 06 9E 65 = IP header checksum 02 02 02 02 = IP source address 02 02 02 01 = IP destination address 0208 = UDP source port (520) 0208 = UDP destination port (520) 0020 = UDP length (20 hex is 32 decimal) EE93 = UDP header checksum 02 = RIP Command byte (Response) 01 = RIP Version 1 00 00 = must be zero 03000000 = IP address (reporting route to network 3.0.0.
Monitoring LAN Traffic Data for a LAN interface can be gathered by capturing current information and placing it into a buffer. This data can then be displayed. Configuring the Monitor To configure the parameters used in a capture, press [B] at the Traffic Monitor Menu (or [C], [E], [B] from the Main Menu). This will display a screen similar to the following: Nod e Name=n ode_xyz LAN Cap ture Statu s an d Control Men u Protocols: I P: N ot Loaded R ecording: Active LA N0: Typ e: 802.
Possible parameter settings are: Parameter Values LAN Card Trace IP Trace IPX Trace Bridge Trace Unknown When Full 0, None On, Off On, Off On, Off On, Off Stop, Wrap IP, IPX, and Bridge can be set to On only if the protocols are loaded in the SmartSwitch. If When Full is Stop, the capture will stop automatically when the buffer is full. If When Full is Wrap , the monitor will continue to capture data, overwriting data in the buffer as necessary. (The first data in will be the first overwritten.
The three numbers near the upper right identify (from left to right) the currently selected frame, the lowest sequence number (Num – see below) in the current buffer, and the highest sequence number in the current buffer. Information in this Display: ● ● ● ● ● ● Num – a five-digit sequence number. Time – the time to the hundredth of a second since the first "event" in the current buffer. D – the data direction: I (incoming) or O (outgoing).
● ● Backup Pend/Hold – (Primary DLCI only) A backup DLCI is attempting to be located. Received data will be queued on the primary DLCI's queue. Backup Pend/Discard – (Primary DLCI only) A backup DLCI is attempting to be located. Received data will be discarded. Displaying SDLC PU Status To display the status of all PUs on an SNA port, press [C] at the Protocol Status Displays Menu. When prompted, enter: ● ● RLP: Press [Enter], accepting the dafault (and only valid value) of 0.
◆ ◆ – waiting for Normal Disconnect Mode Inoperational – due to failure of a higher resource (e.g., port) Pending_Discontact Displaying Voice Interfaces To display status of the two Voice interfaces, press [H] at the Protocol Status Displays Menu (or [C], [F], [H] from the Main Menu).
● ● ● ● – is the configured Local Node Port. DLCI – is the frame relay DLCI to which the interface is assigned. BAG – is the Bandwidth Allocation Group to which the interface is assigned. Pri – is the Priority assigned to the interface. Port Displaying LLC2 Session Status The status of any current LLC2 sessions can be displayed by pressing [F] at the Protocol Status Displays Menu (or [C], [F], [F] from the Main Menu).
Bridge Status Displays Bridge Port Status Press [A] at the Bridge Status Displays Menu to display the configurational and operational status of all Bridge ports in the node: N ode N ame=node_xyz Bridge Port S tatus Disp lay Bridge Id: 0010.
BPDU frames will be received or transmitted, to allow the port to get its status into the spanning tree algorithm. The port will leave this state when the Bridge Forward Delay timer (see page 16-4) expires. If the port is selected as Root or Designated port, it will enter Forwarding state. If the port is not selected as Root or Designated port, it will enter Blocking state.
N ode N ame=node_xyz Brid ge Forw ard in g Table D is play MA C Add ress C00000000002 C000000000F0 PgU p PgDn BrPort 10 un know n F2:Refres h Table Flags Static, Don't Fw d Discovery Pen ding F3:Exit F4:Flu sh Table Figure 20-13 Bridge Forwarding Table Display [C],[F],[D],[B] from Main Menu Pressing [F2] will update the display. (It is not updated automatically.) Pressing [F4] will allow you to delete all dynamic entries.
IP Status Displays IP Routing Table To display a list of active IP routes, press [A] at the IP Status Displays Menu (or [C], [F], [G], [A] from the Main Menu). Information in this Display: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Destination – Destination IP address. Gateway – IP address of router that provides access to the destination device. (This corresponds to the Router parameter in static IP Routes. (See page 14-15.
If the screen is filled with information, you will be asked whether you want to display more. The ARP table does not include entries for devices that have no LAN interfaces. IP Interfaces To display a list of active IP interfaces, press [C] at the IP Status Displays Menu (or from the Main Menu). [C], [F], [G], [C] Information in this Display: ● – identifier used in the IP Route Display. Each name is the interface number preceded by the interface type, which is one of these: fr x X.
IPX Status Displays RIP Table To display the contents of IPX RIP Table, press [A] at the Protocol Status Displays Menu (or [C], [F], [A] from the Main Menu). Each entry will contain the following: ● ● ● ● ● ● Network – IPX address of the network containing the SmartSwitch 1800 that contains the interface. Router Addr – address of the router that will forward a packet when this route is used. Hops – number of routers in a packet's path to the destination network.
Chapter 21 Statistics Displays RLP Statistics Although the SmartSwitch 1800 has no RLPs, RLP (RISC Line Processor) functionality exists in the device.
● ● Rejected frames per sec (*10) – is the number of frames rejected per second over the five-second reporting interval, multiplied by 10. Retransmitted frames per sec (*10) – is the number of frames retransmitted per second over the five-second reporting interval, multiplied by 10. If the value is consistently greater than zero and there are no other problems, you should increase the T1 timer (Retransmission Period ) in the Port record.
Port Statistics Nod e Name=n ode_xyz Port S tatistics Report R LP: 0 Port: 1 R ep ort Interval (sec): 5 S tart Time: 4/21/1997 09:41:49 C DSTATI STIC S NAME A Received frames/Sec (*10) B Tran smitted frames/Sec (*10) C Retran frames/Sec (*10) D FC S errors /S ec (*10) E Logical rejects/Sec (*10) F Tran smit error ratio G Receive error ratio H Percent Receive port u til I Percent Transmit p ort util CU RR 248 230 0 0 0 0 0 75 75 MAX 256 238 8 2 2 33 10 80 80 DA TE 4/21/1996 4/21/1996 4/21/1996 4/21/1996
Configuring Port Statistics Thresholds For each port statistic, you can specify a threshold that, when crossed, causes an alarm to be sent to the collecting node. Press [A] at the Statistics Menu. When prompted, enter: ● ● Statistic level: P for Port. Port: 0–7. Valid numbers for physical ports depend on the model of SmartSwitch 1800—see port locations on page 6-1. A menu similar to the following figure will be displayed.
Frame-level Statistics Frame-level statistics are frame relay (if the port is configured for frame relay) or X.25 level 2 statistics (per second, multiplied by 10).
● ● Frames/sec (*10) – number of frames transmitted/received per second over the five-second reporting interval, multiplied by 10. DiscF/sec (*10) – number of outgoing/incoming discarded frames per second over the five-second reporting interval, multiplied by 10. Information in a Non-Frame Relay Display: X.
Information in this Display: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● CIR In/Out – Committed Information Rate s configured in the Port record. Bc In/Out – Committed Burst Sizes configured in the Port record. Be In/Out – Excess Burst Sizes configured in the Port record. Committed Data In/Out – incoming/outgoing data that is within CIR. Excess Data In/Out – incoming/outgoing data that is above CIR but within B E.
The statistic names in this display are self-explanatory (except the Version of DSP not currently displayed. Image, which is Voice Connection Statistics To display Voice Connection statistics for both Voice ports, press [B] at the Voice Statistics Displays Menu. When prompted, enter: ● Port: 4 or 5. ● Report Interval: 5–65535 (seconds). (Default is 5.
Calling. Failed. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● – is the number of Voice frames received. Transmitted Frames to Network – is the number of Voice frames transmitted. Congestion Management Frames from Network – is self-explanatory. Congestion Management Frames to Network – is self-explanatory. Call Setup Time (msec) – is self-explanatory. Call Duration (secs) – is self-explanatory. Number Dialed – is self-explanatory. Baud Rate (Kbits/sec) – is self-explanatory.
Information on the Status Display (the screen shown in Figure 21-9) is described on page 20-23. Information on the Bridge Port Statistics Display: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 21-10 Type/Format – identifies the interface type (Ethernet, Token Ring, or frame relay) and (if frame relay) frame format (Native LLC2, 8025_SRB, or 8023_TB, as configured in the Port record). DesignatedRoot – is the bridge selected as Root in the spanning tree.
LAN Interface Statistics Displays To dispay LAN Interface statistics, press [G] at the Statistics Menu. When prompted, enter: ● LAN Card Number : Press [Enter], accepting the default (and only valid value) of 0. ● Report Interval: 5–65535. (Default is 5.
● Packet Filters – (set in commands from the protocol) specifies the types of packets that can be received on this interface (more than one category can be specified: ◆ Directed and Multicast or Group and Fuctional ◆ packet on the LAN) ◆ Any Source Packet (any source routing packet on the LAN) Packets In/Out – is the number of packets received/transmitted over the interface. Bytes In/Out – is the number of bytes received/transmitted over the interface.
Token Ring-Specific Statistics ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Statistics Displays FCS Violations – is the number of frames received that have failed the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Copy Errors – is the number of frames received with duplicate addresses. Trans Absences – is the number of five half-bit time transitions. The counter is incremented every time transitions are not detected between SDEL and EDEL in a repeated frame.
IP Statistics Displays IP Statistics IP statistics track traffic of IP datagrams through a node. Press [C] at the Statistics Menu and, when prompted, enter a Report Interval : 5–65535 (seconds). (Default is 5.) This is the frequency with which the screen will be redisplayed with the most recent values.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Bad Hdr Length – is the number of datagrams received with a header size less than the minimum IP header length. Local Pkts Sent – is the number of datagrams generated/forwarded by this node. Bad Pkt Length – is the number of datagrams received with a length other than the length of the header. Pkts Dropped – is the number of datagrams dropped due to a situation such as lack of buffers. Pkt Fragments – is the number of datagram fragments received.
CURR is the current value, and CUMULATIVE is the total since the last IPL of the node. Information in this Display: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 21-16 – is the number of ICMP packets generated by this node. Pkt Too Short – is the number of datagrams received with a length shorter than that specified in the header, or shorter than the ICMP minimum length. Old Too Short – is the number of old version ICMP datagrams that were too short.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Statistics Displays Out/In Bad IP Hdr – is the number of transmitted datagrams that subsequently were discarded due to a header size less than was specified. The message text says Outgoing if this node is a point in the path of the datagram, and Incoming if the datagram originated at this node. Out Time Req – is the number of requests to other entities in the IP path for timestamps, which are a method of determining delay characteristics over the Internet.
IP Interface Statistics IP Interface statistics track IP traffic over the node interface. Press [E] at the Statistics Menu and, when prompted, enter: ● Interface Number: 0–128. ● Report Interval: 5–65535. (Default is 5.) The display will be similar to the following figure, with IP/LAN or IP/WAN at the upper left identifying the interface type.
IPX Statistics Displays IPX statistics track IPX traffic through a node. Press [F] at the Statistics Menu and, when prompted, enter: ● ● Interface Number : 0–63. (Default is 0.) Report Interval: 5–65535. (Default is 5.
● RIP N_Query Tx – is the number of RIP Nearest Queries transmitted on the interface. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 21-20 RIP G_Resp Tx – is the number of RIP General Responses (responses to General Queries) transmitted on the interface. RIP N_Resp Tx – is the number of RIP Nearest Responses (responses to Nearest Queries) transmitted on the interface. RIP Pkts Rcv – is the number of RIP packets received on the interface.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Statistics Displays SAP Pkts Rcv – is the number of SAP packets received on the interface. SAP G_Query Rcv – is the number of SAP General Queries received on the interface. SAP N_Query Rcv – is the number of SAP Nearest Queries received on the interface. SAP G_Resp Rcv – is the number of SAP General Responses (responses to General Queries) received on the interface.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Pkts Tx – is the total number of RIP and SAP packets transmitted on the local interface. Tx Completions – is the total number of successfully transmitted RIP and SAP packets that originated at the local node. Pkts Rcv – is the total number of RIP and SAP packets received on the local interface. Tx Pkts Filtered – is the number of packets denied transmission because of a filter configured on the interface.
Chapter 22 System Events SmartSwitch 1800 alarm, or event, messages can be displayed locally (see “Displaying Events” on page 22-3), as well as sent to an async terminal, a serial or parallel printer, another node, or any other device capable of interpreting event messages. Events parameters are set in Node Defaults ([A], [A], [C] from the Main Menu). The message file ERRMSG.TXT contains the format of events for message construction.
The following shows an example of a two-node event routing configuration. Network Mgmt. Station with Address 12345 Collecting Node ID = 222 Primary Alarm Output ID = 12345 Secondary Alarm Output ID = C1 Node 1 Collecting Node Alarms from Node 2 Node 2 COM1 Printer Optional Monitor Optional Async Terminal Figure 22-1 Event Reporting Configuration Example Alarm Buffer Each node has a buffer where events are stored while waiting for transmission.
Event Generation As soon as a message-generating event occurs, a Call Request is automatically sent to the Primary Alarm Output ID, and the Secondary Alarm Output ID if configured. (The event is stored in the originating node's buffer until the event connection is activated.) All events are transmitted in raw data format to the collecting node, which constructs event messages and sends them to the display device(s).
Severity Levels for SNMP Trap Routing Each event is assigned a severity level, which is used in SNMP trap routing (described on page 17-4) to determine which level(s) will be sent to an SNMP manager. There are four levels of severity: Level 1 = Serious fault. This is a serious error and immediate action is required. Level 2 = Major fault/link alarm. Link alarms 400–406 are at this level simply to show importance; for any other events, take action as soon as possible.
182. Configured for normal sequence numbering, received SABME Severity: 4 Meaning: The Port record is configured for a maximum frame sequence number (Outstanding Frames) of 7 or fewer, but a command was received setting the mode to allow up to 127. Action: None. 197. Received FRMR, WXYZ="n", control field="n", V(s)="n", V(r)="n", CMD/RSP="n" Severity: 2 Meaning: The RLP HDLC frame processor task received a frame reject (FRMR) response to a previously transmitted frame.
305. RLP Msg Queued exceeded T:“n” C: “n” Severity: 4 Meaning: The RLP statistic Number of Queued Messages has exceeded the threshold (T:“n”) that was set by the user. (C:“n” is the current value.) Action: If this happens frequently, you may need to reroute some traffic. 306. RLP Rcv Frm/Sec exceeded T:“n” C:“n” Severity: 4 Meaning: The RLP statistic Received Frames/Sec (*100) has exceeded the threshold (T:“n”) that was set by the user. (C:“n” is the current value.
312. Tran Frm/Sec exceeded T:“n” C:“n” Severity: 4 Meaning: The port statistic Transmitted Frames/Sec (*100) has exceeded the threshold (T:“n”) that was set by the user. (C:“n” is the current value.) Action: If this happens frequently, you may need to reroute some traffic. 313. RTrn Frm/Sec exceeded T:“n” C:“n” Severity: 4 Meaning: The port statistic Retran (Retransmitted) Frames/Sec (*100) has exceeded the threshold (T:“n”) that was set by the user. (C:“n” is the current value.
Meaning: The port statistic Receive Error Ratio has exceeded the threshold ( T:“n”) that was set by the user. (C:“n” is the current value.) The Receive Error Ratio is the ratio of frames rejected per second to frames accepted per second. Action: If this happens frequently, check the line for noise, and check for configuration errors on both the port and the connected device. 318.
Action: Check the hardware at both ends to make sure the devices are operational and cables are securely connected. For SNA, also check the configuration records to make sure they match the HPAD/TPAD. 403. Link Up Severity: 2 Meaning: The level 2 link is up. Action: None. 404. X.25 Link Failed Severity: 2 Meaning: The link has failed; some modem controls are not present, and the physical link is down. Action: Check the modem and cables for secure connections and proper operation. 405.
Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: None. 409. PVC is Up Severity: 4 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: None. 410. PVC Reset Severity: 4 Meaning: A Reset was sent on the PVC. Action: None. 411. Received Reset LCN = “n", cc = “n” dc = “n” Severity: Meaning: 4 A Reset was received on the designated LCN, with the cause code code dc. (See Appendix B for a list of codes.) cc and diagnostic Action: None. 412. Received Reset Confirm Severity: 4 Meaning: A Reset Confirmation was received.
416. PAD Autocall Retries Exhausted Severity: 3 Meaning: The async PAD retry timer has expired without a connection being established. Action: None; however, if this occurs with any frequency, you may want to increase the timer (Retry Count) or check the remote async device for problems. 417. Frame Relay Link Failed Severity: 1 Meaning: The physical link is down. Action: Check the cables for secure connections and proper operation. 426.
Meaning: The BSC device has experienced a problem that caused it to send a request to send a dump to the port. Action: Check the device. 432. Node Under Remote Control Severity: 4 Meaning: The SmartSwitch 1800 is under control of a remote Cabletron frame relay access device (SmartSwitch 1800, FRM, FRX4000, FRX6000) or async terminal. Action: None. 433. Remote Control Released Severity: 4 Meaning: An operator has relinquished remote control (see event 432) of the local SmartSwitch 1800.
440. Abrev Addr File Upd:ABVSUB.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The Abbreviated Address file has been updated. Action: None. 441. Async Init File Upd:ASYSETUP.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The Async Console file has been updated. Action: None. 442. BSC Device File Upd: BSCDSP.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The BSC Interactive Devices file has been updated. Action: None. 443. RLP Config File Upd:RLPTYPE.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The RLP configuration file has been updated. Action: None. 445.
449. Subscriber File Upd:SVCSUB.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The SVC Subscriber file has been updated. Action: None. 450. Statistic Def File Upd:STDPAR.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The Default Statistics Parameters file has been updated. Action: None. 451. Translation File Upd:XLTPAR.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The X.25 Address Translation Template file has been updated. Action: None. 452. X.25 Default File Upd:X25REC.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The Node configuration file has been updated.
457. Operator Logged out of Node Severity: 4 Meaning: The async terminal operator has logged out of the node via the async PAD port. Action: None. 458. PAD Login File Upd:PADLOG.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The Login file has been updated. Action: None. 459. IP Route File Upd:IPRSUB.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The IP Routing file has been updated. Action: None. 460. IP Interface File Upd:IPRSUB.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The IP Interface file has been updated. Action: None. 461. X.
465. RLP Msg Queued Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 305 has ended. Action: None. 466. RLP Rcv Frm/Sec Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 306 has ended. Action: None. 467. RLP Trn Frm/Sec Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 307 has ended. Action: None. 468. RLP Rej Frm/Sec Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 308 has ended. Action: None. 469.
474. FCS Rej/Sec Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 314 has ended. Action: None. 475. Log Rej/Sec Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 315 has ended. Action: None. 476. Tran Err Ratio Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 316 has ended. Action: None. 477. Rcv Err Ratio Under Threshold Severity: 4 Meaning: The situation that caused event 317 has ended. Action: None. 478.
482. Can’t add interface “n” - IPadr err Severity: 3 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: Double-check the configured addresses. 483. Error adding interface “n” Severity: 3 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: Contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support. (See page 22-4.) 484. Error modifying interface “n” Severity: 3 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: Check the database record. 485. Interface “n” deleted successfully Severity: 4 Meaning: Self-explanatory. 486.
491. Route with destination “n,” mask “n,” router “n” added successfully Severity: 4 Meaning: Self-explanatory. 492. BAG "n" capped at "n" but trunk MAXDPS "n" Severity: 3 Meaning: The data packet size (MAXDPS) on the trunk caused a greater traffic load than the configured Bandwidth Allocation Group would allow, so the node adjusted the bandwidth allocated to this trunk. Action: None. 493. IPX Route File Upd: IPXRSUB.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The IPX Route file has been updated. Action: None.
505. LINK:Invalid MSG fc “n” - BPAD Severity: 3 Meaning: An invalid message has been received, disabling the port. Action: Re-enable the port ([B], [A], [C] from the Main Menu). 513. BSCI:Invalid control block Severity: 3 Meaning: An error has occured, and has disabled the port. Action: Re-enable the port ([B], [A], [C] from the Main Menu). 514. BSCI:Invalid parameters Severity: 3 Meaning: One or more parameters specified in the Port record for this port is invalid.
520. BSCI:Invalid CRC operations Severity: 3 Meaning: An invalid operation has occured, and has disabled the port. Action: Re-enable the port ([B], [A], [C] from the Main Menu). 521. BSCI:Invalid queue operations Severity: 3 Meaning: An invalid operation has occured, and has disabled the port. Action: Re-enable the port ([B], [A], [C] from the Main Menu). 522. BSCI:Invalid protocol operations Severity: 3 Meaning: An invalid operation has occured, and has disabled the port.
Meaning: The DTE and DCE exchange messages regularly so that each knows the other is running and ready. If one end does not respond, this event message is sent and the link goes down. Action: Check the equipment to see what caused the failure to respond. 534. DLCI “n” Frm Relay PVC Disconnected Severity: 4 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: None. 535. DLCI “n” Received Bad Frame Severity: 3 Meaning: Either the DLCI was not configured or the frame was on an unavailable DLCI.
541. DLCI “n” Frame Relay Header Invalid Severity: 3 Meaning: The header contained an invalid DLCI. Action: Check the configuration record for the port. 542. DLCI “n” PVC does not exist Severity: 3 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: Create a PVC record. 543. DLCI “n” Frame Discarded - CIR Severity: 3 Meaning: A frame was discarded, probably because the excess burst size (B E) was exceeded. Action: The frame must be resent. 545.
562. LLC Host File Upd:LLC2HPAR.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The LLC2 Host file has been updated. Action: None. 563. LLC LAN Card File Upd:LANPAR.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The LLC2 LAN Card file has been updated. Action: None. 564. IPX Filter Def File Upd:IPXFPAR.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The IPX Filter Definitions file has been updated. Action: None. 565. IPX Filt App File Upd:IPXFLTAP.DAT Severity: 4 Meaning: The IPX Filter Applications file has been updated. Action: None. 640.
644. Fr RLP/PORT/DLCI Mismatch Severity: 3 Meaning: A mismatch has occurred between the current configuration and the requested RLP/Port/DLCI when configuring a frame relay based IP or IPX interface. Action: Change the requested RLP/Port/DLCI. 701. SDLC Rem. Link Stn Not Responding Severity: 2 Meaning: Self-explanatory. (Rem Link Stn is the Remote Link Station.) Action: Check the PU to make sure it is operational. 702.
708. SDLC Rem Stn sent Invalid Command Severity: 2 Meaning: The remote device received an invalid or unsupported command. Action: None. 709. SDLC Rem Stn sent unexpected IFLD Severity: 2 Meaning: The remote device sent an unpermitted I frame. Action: None. 710. SDLC Rem Stn sent invalid Nr Severity: 2 Meaning: The remote device sent a frame with an invalid N(r). Action: None. 711.
Action: Check the hardware and configuration at the remote device. 717. SDLC Rem Tx Frame exceeds MAXDATA Severity: 2 Meaning: A frame transmitted by the remote station exceeds the configured value for Maxdata (maximum bytes per I-frame). Action: None. 718. SDLC Rem sent UA in NRM Severity: 2 Meaning: The remote station sent a UA while in Normal Response Mode, which is not allowed. Action: None. 720. SDLC No DSR on link Severity: 2 Meaning: A necessary DSR was not received from the DCE.
Meaning: The remote station sent a SABME to the local station, but the local station had already been initialized via a SABME–UA exchange. Action: None. If the problem persists, contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support. (See page 22-4.) 739. LLC/2 FRMR Rcvd, Invalid Command Severity: 2 Meaning: The remote device received an invalid or unsupported command, and returned a Frame Reject. Action: None. 740.
Meaning: The remote device sent an invalid N(r), and a Frame Reject was returned. Action: None. 746. LLC/2 FRMR Sent, IFLD too long Severity: 2 Meaning: The remote device sent an I frame that was too long, and a Frame Reject was returned. Action: None. 747. LLC/2 FRMR Sent, no reason Severity: 2 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: None. 748. LLC/2 FRMR Rcvd, no reason Severity: 2 Meaning: Self-explanatory. Action: None. 759.
Section IV Appendices
Appendix A Async Terminal Operations Before establishing an end-to-end link, an async terminal must make a connection to the async PAD, as follows: 1. Once the SmartSwitch 1800, async terminal, and any modems in the link are powered on, do this at the terminal: ● ● ● If a specific line speed is configured in the Port record, go to step 2. If the async PAD port is configured (in the Port record) for autobaud and parity auto-detect, press [Enter], then [.], then [Enter].
Async Terminal Commands The following commands can be entered in Command mode. (For a list of commands, type help [Enter].) STAT CLR – Get connection status. – Clear Connection. PAR? n1,n2,n3 – Reads value of 1 or more async PAD profile parameters (n1 = 1st parameter, n2 = 2nd, etc.). Standard parameters (see page 12-3) are 1–22. SET? n1:m1,n2:m2,n3:m3 – Sets and reads async PAD profile parameters (n1 = 1st parameter, m1 = new value). PROF – Sets standard set of parameters.
D or P – is the letter “D” or “P” (if P, the data will not be echoed locally), data – is the user data. An example of a Call Request to called address 1000000000 with the Reverse Charging facility plus user data “abcde” is: R-1000000000Dabcde An Abbreviated Address can be substituted for the complete called address if no facilities are included. Also, X.28 convention demands that when sending a Call Request packet using an abbreviated address, you precede the address with a period.
ERR – is a response to an invalid command. ERR NC – indicates a network congestion error. FRAMING ERROR – indicates that the port is not finding the stop bit at the end of the character bits. This can be due to noise or a mismatch in such parameters as speed, bits/character, or stop bits between the port and its connected device. LINE DISCONNECTED – indicates that modem signals on the port were dropped to effect a physical disconnection. login – is a request to enter a subscriber ID.
SmartSwitch 1800 Asynchronous PAD – is the default welcome message, displayed when the terminal is switched on and DSR and DCD become active. When the node boots, the software looks for a file named BANNER.TXT (which does not exist when the software is sent to the customer). If the file is not present, the default banner is displayed. Any text editor can be used to create BANNER.TXT, which can consist of up to 256 bytes of ASCII and [Esc] characters.
Appendix B Cause and Diagnostic Codes Cause Codes Clearing Causes The clearing cause recorded in a call packet provides a high-level indication of why the call was cleared and where the error occurred (e.g., error by the source user, or internal network error). For example, when the diagnostic code indicates that a protocol error occurred, the clearing cause might indicate that the error was committed by the destination user (i.e., remote procedure error). From DCE Hex. Dec.
Reset Causes An SVC or PVC may be reset when an error occurs during data transmission. The reset causes transmission to be re-synchronized, and informs the user that some data might have been lost. The reset cause sent in a Reset packet provides a high-level indication of why the call was reset. From DCE From DTE Hex. Dec. Hex. Dec.
Hex. Dec.
Hex. Dec. 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A F1 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 241 Description International link busy Transit network facility problem Remote network facility problem International routing problem Temporary routing problem Unknown called DNIC Maintenance action Normal ISO IP/X.25 disconnect SNA Codes Hex. 50 51 52 56 57 58 74 75 76 78 79 7C 7D 98 Dec.
93 94 F4 Cause and Diagnostic Codes 147 148 244 Timer TConn expired Invalid LPDU Connection rejected (transient condition) B-5
Appendix C Voice Configuration Reference Information Voice Port Operation Users of equipment attached to a SmartSwitch 1800 Voice port can dial a long form number, or use any of the numbers defined in the SmartSwitch’s speed dial map table. Once the speed dial table has been configured, you should make the table available to the voice and fax users. You can also configure the SmartSwitch to automatically dial a speed dial number. Both the long and short numbers access a configured specific destination.
Map Table Store and Forward Digits In the following example, a caller dials 59222 to connect to Port 4 on Node 1. The caller hears a dial tone, then dials 77 to place a call to the user at extension 7777 on PBX B.
● Voice Port 5 Configuration: ◆ # of Leading Digits to Delete = 0. ◆ Forward Delay = 2 (.25 sec intervals) Forwarded Digit Type = DTMF. Forwarded Output Digits = Ext. ◆ ◆ The sequence of steps in placing a call are as follows: 1. The caller dials 59222. 2. PBX A connects to Node 1 Port 4, and the caller hears a dial tone. 3. The caller dials 77 (or 12). 4. Node 1 translates the 2-digit speed dial number from long digits, and the extension from the map table. 5. After a 1/2 second delay (.
● Speed-Dial Map Table: ◆ ◆ Speed Dial Abbreviated Digits = 25. Long Dial Digit Mapping = 000215. ( 2 = node number, 5 = Voice port number.) ◆ ● Extended Dial String = 7777. Voice Port 4 Configuration: ◆ Source of Extended Digits = USER . ◆ # of Leading Digits to Delete = 0. ◆ Forward Delay = 4 ◆ ◆ (.25 sec intervals) Forwarded Digit Type = DTMF . Forwarded Output Digits = Ext . Node 2: ● System-Level Parameters: ◆ Voice Node Number = 2. ◆ ● User Dialed Extended Dial Digits = 5.
● Voice Port 4 Configuration: ◆ # of Leading Digits to Delete = 0. ◆ Forward Delay = 4 ◆ ◆ ◆ (.25 sec intervals) Forwarded Digit Type = DTMF. Forwarded Output Digits = Ext. Source of Extended Digits = USER. The sequence of steps in placing a call are as follows: 1. The caller dials 59111. 2. PBX A connects to Node 1 Port 4, and the caller hears a dial tone. 3. The caller dials 2559333. 4.
2. # of Leading Digits to Delete is set to any value greater than 0. 3. Auto Dial is set to Y. The following illustration and example configurations and dialing scenarios further illustrate how this feature is configured and used. Telephone Voice Port 5 Node 1 0033 03 33 Phone or Fax Node 2 Voice Port 4 Node 3 PBX PBX Voice Port 5 Phone or Fax #5555 Phone or Fax #6666 Figure C-3 Variable-Length Dialing Example Node 1: ● System-Level Parameters: ◆ Voice Node Number = 1.
Node 3: ● System-Level Parameters: ◆ Voice Node Number = 3. ◆ ● User Dialed Extended Dial Digits = 4. Voice Port 5 Configuration: ◆ Source of Extended Digits = MAP. ◆ Forward Delay = 4 ◆ (.25 sec intervals) Forwarded Output Digits = Ext. The sequence of steps in placing a call are as follows: 1. The user attached to Node 1 Port 4 dials 33. 2. When no additional digits have been entered for three seconds (Dial Timer = 3), the system assumes dialing is complete. 3.
Using Wildcards in Speed-Dial Numbers The question mark and asterisk wildcards can be included in map table entries and dialed by users of attached equipment. (A question mark matches any single digit; an asterisk matches multiple digits.) In the map table, a wildcard can be included in the speed dial number in any digit position except the first (e.g., 23* is valid, but *23 is not).
Telephony Interface This section describes the telephone interfaces that are supported by the SmartSwitch 1800, and provides additional information on the tie line signaling standards and the E&M interface. Telephone Interfaces The SmartSwitch 1800 supports three types of telephone interfaces: OPX, SLT and E&M. Figure C-4 shows the different types of telephone interfaces that are supported by SmartSwitch 1800s.
SLT Connections SLT (Single Line Telephone) is a two-wire telephone communication mode. In this mode, the SmartSwitch 1800 presents a telco/PTT interface which looks like a standard telephone set. The SmartSwitch 1800 can be connected to analog station ports (extensions) of a PBX. The SLT option provides the appearance of a two-wire telephone in a loop-start circuit.
Follow this step-by-step check list when connecting the SmartSwitch 1800 in an E&M application: 1. Determine the required E&M signaling convention used by the PBX tie line port: Type I, II, III, IV, or V. 2. Set Switch 2 on the front of the SmartSwitch (see Figure 13-6 on page 13-11) for the proper signaling type. (See Table 13-5 on page 13-12.) 3. Connect the voice pair(s) and signaling wires as outlined under "E&M Wiring" on page C-13. 4.
PTT/Telco Connectors and Cabling RR RT TR TT M E SB SG 1 8 Figure C-7 RJ45 Connector Pins The RJ45 connector on a SmartSwitch 1800 is mainly used for E&M operation. An RJ45 cable is included with each SmartSwitch 1800. The cable end with the connector plugs into the SmartSwitch, and the end with bare wire connects to a telco/PTT type punch block. The cable is color-coded as described in the following table.
E&M Wiring In a two-wire E&M application, connect red and green wires to the PBX's RT and RR pair, respectively. The RT and RR pair carry voice or fax analog signals between the SmartSwitch 1800 and the PBX. In a four-wire E&M application, connect red and green wires to the PBX's RT and RR pair, and black and yellow wires to the PBX's TR and TT pair, respectively. The RT and RR pair carry voice or fax analog signals from the SmartSwitch 1800 to the PBX.
E&M PBX TO PBX C ONN ECTION E& M CONN ECT ION T HROUGH SD M -FP 1800 SDM-FP 1800 SDM-FP Figure C-8 E&M Connections E&M Signaling Types The SmartSwitch 1800 supports five E&M signaling standards (Types I through V) for PBX tie line interfaces. These conventions, as defined by AT&T specifications, are described below. With each signaling type, the PBX supplies one signal, known as the "M" signal (for Mouth), and accepts one signal, known as the "E" signal (for Ear).
Tie Line Equipment PBX V E PBX V V M E SG Type I PBX V Tie Line Equipment M Tie Line E q u ip m en t SB E V Type II SG M PBX V SB V Tie Line Equipment E Type III SG PBX V Tie Line E q u ip m en t M E SB SG M V Type IV V Type V Figure C-9 E&M Signaling Types The illustrations in this figure are abstracted from the specifications to show the essential components of the signaling circuitry.
Type II The Type II interface requires no common ground; instead, each of the two signals has its own return. For the "E" signal, the tie line equipment permits current to flow from the PBX; the current returns to the PBX's ground reference. Similarly, the PBX closes a path for current to generate the "M" signal to the tie line equipment. Type III A variation of Type II, Type III uses the SG lead to provide common ground.
proximity. Check with the PBX manufacturer regarding connecting the PBX AC ground to telco/PTT ground. NOTE: Connecting AC grounds and telco/PTT grounds of telephone equipment may violate rules of certain regulatory agencies. Check with your local telephone company and/or agency regarding regulations that deal with grounding. Interface Conversions Different telephony interfaces can be configured at the local and remote SmartSwitch 1800s.
E&M Type II Idle Condition: The "E" lead is biased by the PBX at -48 Vdc. The "M" lead is biased at -48 Vdc by the attached device (SmartSwitch 1800). PBX Initiated Call: The PBX grounds the "M" lead, signaling to the attached device that it wants a connection. The attached device grounds the "E" lead, signaling the response. Attached Device-Initiated Call: The attached device grounds the "E" lead, signaling to the PBX that it wants a connection. The PBX grounds the "M" lead, signaling the response.
Telephone Company Rights and Responsibilities If your equipment causes harm to the telephone network, your telephone company may discontinue your service temporarily. If possible, they will notify you in advance. But if advance notice is not practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will be given the opportunity to correct the situation and you will be informed of your rights to file a complaint with the FCC.
Appendix D NetView Management The SmartSwitch 1800 supports a NetView service point function, which allows a node to be configured and managed from a NetView host. NetView support provides management access to downstream SDLC devices, and allows diagnosing problems and changing parameters in the node. The service point in the SmartSwitch 1800 connects to the NetView host via an LLC2 session (over LAN or frame relay), which is established at node IPL.
Local NetView Access The SmartSwitch 1800 supports a local NetView access function that allows the node operator to send commands from the node to lines and PUs. This function is only between the node and lines/PUs—the commands and responses are not transmitted to NetView. To display the NetView Access Options Menu, press [H] at the On-Line Node Operations Menu (or [B], [A], [H] from the Main Menu).
Supported Commands The syntax of a RUNCMD from NetView is generally as follows: RUNCMP SP=OLXPu, APPL=NVOperid, command where: OLXPu is the VTAM PU name of the SmartSwitch 1800 (NetView sees the SmartSwitch 1800 as a PU), NVOperid is the ID of the NetView operator issuing the command, and command is the text of command sent to the SmartSwitch 1800. The command part of the RUNCMD is the only part that needs to be entered by a SmartSwitch 1800 operator performing local access operations.
Vary Commands VARY ACT Function: Changes the desired status of specified PUs to an active state. Command: V NET,ACT, ID={linename[,A|U|C],puname} Options: A = activate all PUs on the line. U = activate all PUs on the line whose ISTATUS = ACTIVE. C = activate all PUs except those that have never been activated (NEVAC ). Of those, activate all whose ISTATUS = ACTIVE. VARY INACT Function: Changes the desired status of specified PUs to an inactive state.
Keywords when the PU is being modified are listed below. The parameters are listed in, and described following, Table 9-2.
Appendix E ASCII Character Table ASCII Character Decimal Value Octal Value Hex Value Ctrl Key Combination NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US SP ! “ # $ % & ' (apostrophe) ( ) * (asterisk) + 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 010 011 012 013 014 015 01
ASCII Character , (comma) - (hyphen) .
ASCII Character Table ASCII Character Decimal Value Octal Value Hex Value g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | (pipe) } ~ (tilde) DEL 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 147 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F E-3
Appendix F Menu Structure Items farthest to the left and underlined (e.g., A– Configuration ) are the entries on the Main Menu.
C D E F B F-2 X.25 Address Translation Templates A Review X.25 Address Translation Templates B Configure X.25 Address Translation Templates C Test X.
C D Menu Structure F Quiesce a Range of Ports G Unquiesce a Port H Unquiesce a Range of Ports C On-Line Database Operations A Back up the Current Database to a Remote FRX6000 B Back up the Current Database to a Remote FRX4000/SmartSwitch 1800 C Restore the Backed-Up Database to a Remote FRX4000/SmartSwitch 1800 D Back up the Database to a Local Directory E Restore the Database from a Local Directory F Back Up the Current System Files to a Local Directory G Restore the System Files from a Local Directory
E F F-4 Statistics A Configure RLP / Port Thresholds B Display RLP / Port / Frame Statistics C Display IP Statistics D Display ICMP Statistics E Display IP Interface Statistics F Display IPX Interface Statistics G Display LAN Card Interface Statistics H Display Frame Relay Utilization Statistics I Display Voice Statistics A Display Voice Application Statistics B Display Voice Connection Statistics Reports A Create Configuration Report B View Configuration Report C View Initialization Report D View Previo
Glossary 802.3 is an IEEE standard for LANs, that defines the physical layer as coax or unshielded twisted pair and the MAC (medium access control) layer as CSMA/CD (carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection). 802.5 is an IEEE standard for LANs, that defines the physical layer as shielded twisted pair and the MAC (medium access control) layer as Token Ring. A Address is a coded representation of the destination of a message. Alarm see “Event.
Async terminal is a VT100 or compatible video display terminal. Autobaud is the default line speed code (throughput class) for async PAD ports. When a PAD places a call through a port set to Autobaud, the port's internal clocks are set to match the speed of the PAD. B Bandwidth is the difference between the lowest and highest frequencies of a transmission channel, usually expressed in hertz (Hz). Banner is the display area at the top of a screen that generally features product name, revision, etc.
Composite is the input/output port of a local multiplexer, that transmits and receives the multiplexed voice and data from a remote multiplexer. Concentrator is a communications device that allows a shared transmission medium to accommodate more data sources than there are channels available. Configuration database see “Database.” Congestion is a local condition that occurs when there are too many packets to be queued in the node buffers, causing information transfer to be delayed.
DTE stands for “data terminal equipment,” which is the device at either end of a user-tonetwork communications path. “Physical DTE” refers to the hardware configuration, and “Logical DTE” refers to the software configuration. Note that physical and logical DTE are independent of each other; however, for each, if one end of the connection is DCE, the other must be DTE, and vice versa.
Frame relay is transmission of data in a format that combines level 2 and level 3 functionality, but provides connection information only for level 2. FRX is a Cabletron product line (FRX4000, FRX6000) that can connect to and interact with a SmartSwitch 1800. The full names for these products are Netlink FRX4000 and Netlink FRX6000. FXO is a voice configuration that interfaces with two-wire telco switching equipment; e.g., a central office or the station side of an analog PBX.
IPL stands for “initial program load,” which is the loading into a node of the operating software on power-on or re-boot. IPX stands for “Internetwork Packet Exchange,” which is a Novell NetWare connectionless protocol that defines internetwork and intranode addressing schemes. L LAN stands for “local area network,” which is a network operating over short distances at high speeds. LCN stands for “logical channel number,” which is used as an identifier for a virtual circuit between a DTE and a DCE.
M MAC stands for “medium access control,” which is the second layer in the three-layer ISO LAN protocol hierarchy. (The first layer is Physical and the third is LLC; LLC is described in this glossary.) MAC supports medium-dependent functions, and uses the services of the physical layer to provide services to LLC. M-Bit is the “more data” bit in an X.25 packet, and indicates that more information related to the packet will follow.
PAD stands for “packet assembler/disassembler,” which allows a non-X.25 device to access a SmartSwitch 1800, by converting its protocol to the X.25 packet mode protocol, and vice versa. SmartSwitch 1800 supports integral async, SNA, and BSC PADs. PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange, and refers to a small private telephone switch.
Router is a device that receives data and routes it based on decisions made concerning the most desirable path. Routing is the process that selects the path taken by packets as they traverse the network between nodes. Routing algorithm is the precise specification of the procedure used by the nodes to determine which of several possible paths through the network will be taken by a packet.
SSAP stands for “source service access point,” which is the address of the link service access point (LSAP) from which a link protocol data unit (LPDU) originates. Subscriber is a user of the SmartSwitch 1800 device. Subscriber IDs are the called and calling addresses used in X.25 call setup. SVC stands for “switched virtual circuit,” which is a temporary logical association between two subscribers connected to a network, analogous to connection by a dial-up line.
X X.21 is a CCITT recommendation that species the DTE/DCE interface for synchronous operation on public data networks. X.25 is a CCITT recommendation that specifies the DTE/DCE interface for “packet mode” operation on public data networks. X.3 is a CCITT recommendation that defines the service provided by an asynchronous PAD to connect a character-mode terminal to an X.25 network. XPAD is an integral (to a SmartSwitch 1800) transparent SNA PAD.
Index # of Beginning Sync Char 10-6 # of Beginning Sync Chars 11-6 # of Leading Digits to Delete 13-15 # of Trailing Pad Characters 10-6 # of Trailing Pad Chars 11-6 1st/2nd/etc. Path Configured 8-26, 9-16, 10-10, 11-10, 12-17 A Abbreviated Address, configuring 12-17 Abort (F10) 2-6 Access (Community Table) 17-3 Ack 11-5 Activate Connection w/o poll 10-6 Add/Change CUG 8-20 Address 17-5 IP 14-1 subscriber 8-22 translation (X.25) 8-27 Alarm Autocall Timer 4-6 Alarm Max Retries 4-6 Alarms.
Character Change Field 2-7 Select Option 2-7 Character Delete 12-5 Clear Max Stats 2-6 Clear VC on Last Device Down 10-6 Clearing causes B-1 async A-5 Collecting Node 4-5 Collecting Node ID 4-4 Collecting Node Pwd (password) 4-4 Command mode (async terminal) A-1 Committed Burst Size (In/Out) 7-18 Committed Information Rate (In/Out) 7-18 Community Table, configuring 17-2 Configuration database 3-1 Configuration report 3-9 Configure Model Number 3-10, F-1 Connection ID 10-7 Connection Priority 7-21, 8-26, 8-3
ERRMSG.TXT 22-1 Errmsg.
Input Level 13-10 Input Signal Detection 12-12 Insert after 12-5 Interface 15-18, 15-19 Interface (Voice) 13-12 Interface Type 9-28 Bridge 16-14 IPX 15-13 Internal Network 15-2 Intervening Networks 15-18 IP addressing 14-1 IP ARP table, displaying 20-26 IP Bridging Enabled 16-5 IP gateway 14-2 IP Interface statistics, displaying 21-18 IP interfaces configuring 14-4 displaying 20-21, 20-26 IP ping connectivity test 19-14 IP route, static, configuring 14-14 IP routing table, displaying 20-25 IP rout
Menu structure F-1 Metric Count 14-15 Min Congestion 4-5 Modulo 8-8, 8-16 Monitoring a LAN interface 20-17 serial port 20-7 Monitoring a line 20-7 Moving a database record 2-6 Multidrop 10-6 N N1 Polling Count 7-17 N2 4-8, 9-13, 9-24 N2 Error Threshold 7-17 N2 Retransmit Count 8-9, 8-16 N3 4-8, 9-13, 9-24 N3 Monitored Events Count 7-17 NAK Retry Count 10-7, 11-6 Name NetView 4-6 SNMP Community Table 17-3 NetBIOS Hops 15-14 NetMask 14-13 NetView management D-1 Network 15-17 Network Address Value 15-5, 15-6
Profile Description 12-3 Profile Name 12-8 Profile, async PAD 12-2 ProtEnab 7-23 Protocol ID Value 16-9 Proxy ARP Enabled 14-13 PU (SDLC) disabling 19-13 enabling 19-13 PU (SDLC) status, displaying 20-20 PU Name 9-10 PVC Connection 14-13, 15-16 PVC, configuring async 12-18 X.25 to X.
Source Card 14-11, 15-15 Source DLCI 14-11, 15-15 Source IP Address 14-11, 14-12, 14-13 Source MAC Address Mask 9-24 Source MAC Address Value 16-9 Source NetBIOS Name 16-10 Source Network Value 15-7 Source Node Value 15-7 Source of Extended Digits 13-14 Source Port 14-11, 15-15 Source Socket Value 15-7 Source Subscriber 14-12 Special Forwarding Char 12-14 Speed (in async PAD profile) 12-5 Speed Map Dial Digits 13-5 Sq 9-25, 10-7, 11-7, 16-8 SRB ID 16-5 SSAP Value 16-9 Static routes, IPX 15-16 Statistics fra
Virtual LAN ID 9-17, 16-4 Voice configuring 13-1 port, configuring 13-8 Voice Application Statistics 21-7 Voice Connection Statistics 21-8 Voice Node Number 13-4 Voice Rates Maximum 13-5 Voice Rates Minimum 13-5 Voice System Configuration 13-3 W WaitTimer 7-22 Watchdog Spoofing Enabled 15-15 Wildcards in subscriber addresses 8-22 Window Size 8-34, 12-19 X X.25 address translation templates X.25, configuring 8-1 X.3 Line Speed 12-10 8-27 Z ZMODEM Idx-8 19-7, 19-8 SmartSwitch 1800 4.
