SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide
i Notice Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
ii FCC Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
iii Declaration of Conformity Addendum Application of Council Directive(s): 89/336/EEC 73/23/EEC Manufacturer’s Name: Cabletron Systems, Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 35 Industrial Way PO Box 5005 Rochester, NH 03867 European Representative Name: Mr. J.
iv Table of Contents 1. Introduction Switching Technology . . . . . . . Switch of Switches . . . . . . Switch of Servers . . . . . . . Switch of Hubs . . . . . . . . Switch of Desktops . . . . . . Switch of Floors and Buildings Switch of Routers . . . . . . . Front Panel Details . . . . . . . . The MANAGEMENT Port . . . Token Ring Ports . . . . . . . Reset Button . . . . . . . . . System Request Button . . . . Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . Status and Activity LEDs . . . Back Panel Details . . . . . . .
v Spanning Tree Protocol Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VLAN Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic Source Route Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SmartStack Manager for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . Telnet Management and VT100 Management (Console) IBM LAN Network Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RMON Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi Using Building Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . Applying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stacker Link Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SmartStack STS-LM Connectors and LEDs Connecting the Stacker Link Cable . . . . . Working with a Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . Inter-box Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii CrossLink Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CrossLink Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . Setting up a CrossLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current CrossLink Information Screen . . . . Address Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filters and Port Security Menu . . . . . . . . Configure Filters Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . Configure Port Security Mode Screen . . . . . View Port Filters Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . Protocol Filters Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii Port Statistics Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802.5 Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802.5 State Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 802.5 DTR MAC Information Menu . . . . . . . . . . TXI Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Station-CPort Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . Address Tables Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master Address Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . .
ix 11. Getting in Touch with Technical Support 221 Problem Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A. Abbreviations 225 Appendix B. Cable and Pin Information Connecting to the Out-of-Band Management Port . Out-of-Band Management Port and Cable Pin-Outs Twisted-Pair Cable Pin Outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabling Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for Dedicated-Media LAN Segments . . . . . . . .
x List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Notice SmartStack STS16-20D Token Ring Switch . . . . . . . . Location of LEDs, Switches and Connectors . . . . . . . .
xi List of Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Table 19. Table 20. Table 21. Notice Status LEDs and their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stack-link LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . Port LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capacity Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xii Notice
1 1. Introduction This chapter discusses switching technology and how the SmartStack STS16-20D and/or SmartStack STS16-20R Token Ring Switch can be used to improve network performance. This chapter also includes a list of features and specifications for the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. The topics of this chapter are presented under the following titles: • • “Switching Technology”, starting on page 2. • “Features and Specifications”, starting on page 10.
2 Switching Technology Demand for network bandwidth continues to grow, driven by the increasing number of systems used in network-intensive applications. LAN segmentation has been the prevalent method for addressing these demands and has been further popularized by trends toward server centralization. However, the implementation costs of LAN segmentation, as well as the real performance characteristics of conventional network components, have served to limit growth of some Token Ring networks.
3 STS16-20D/STS16-20R to be used as a switch of switches which provides media flexibility in an Token Ring configuration. The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R can easily connect with other SmartStack products to deliver a broad range of network carrying capacity. Bandwidth is easily scaled to meet all performance requirements. Switch of Servers With client/server applications, many client workstations may attempt to access a single server at the same time.
4 network management statistics. Total network capacity and throughput increase dramatically for attached desktop workstations. Switch of Floors and Buildings For network managers, multistorey buildings and campuses can represent a unique networking challenge. How can a network manager provide an efficient LAN interconnect for users that are located on several floors of a building or in different buildings? Token Ring switching and the SmartStack product family can provide the best solution.
5 Front Panel Details The front panel details of the switches are illustrated in Figure 2. This section lists all the connectors, controls, and LEDs of the front panel. Figure 2. Location of LEDs, Switches and Connectors The MANAGEMENT Port The 9-pin, male, Out-of-Band Management (OBM) port labeled MANAGEMENT functions as a DTE port. This port enables attachment of a terminal, either local or remote, through a modem connection. The terminal can be used to configure and monitor the switch.
6 — a connection to a shared-media segment via a Token Ring concentrator, Station mode (on SmartStack STS16-20D only via the network ports 17– 20) — a connection to another Token Ring switch (on SmartStack STS16-20D only via network ports 17–20) — operating at 4 Mbps or at 16 Mbps — a connection to a dedicated-media segment, directly to a Token Ring LAN station operating in half-duplex or full-duplex mode (Port mode).
7 Labels The two labels in the right side of the front panel are: • The MAC Address Label: The unique globally assigned base Base MACAddress of the switch. • The Switch Number Label: Blank label for an individual user identification of the switch. Status and Activity LEDs The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R features three status LEDs at the left on the front panel that show the current status of the switch.
8 Table 2 lists the stack-link LEDs and their meanings: LED State Meaning TX On or blinking Data is being transmitted to the stack link. RX On or blinking Data is being received from the stack link. ATTACH On A connection has been established to the stack. Table 2. Stack-link LEDs and Their Meanings Table 3 lists the port LEDs and their meanings: LED INS (left LED of port) ACT (right LED of port) State Meaning On The Token Ring port is inserted into the ring.
9 Back Panel Details The back panel of the switches are illustrated in Figure 3. The back panel of the SmartStack STS16-20D Figure 4. The back panel of the SmartStack STS16-20R Table 4 lists the back panel connectors on the switch. Name Description AC connection Standard AC power connection. Redundant power supply (SmartStack STS16-20R only) Connector for the optional redundant power supply unit. Table 4.
10 Features and Specifications This section lists important switch features as well as technical specifications.
11 — On SmartStack STS16-20R up to 256 Mbps for all the ports 1–20, when using 8 ports.
12 • SmartStack STS16-20R: Optional Redundant Power Supply Six switches can receive backup power from one SmartStack STS-RPC Redundant Power Center equipped with six SmartStack STS-PSU Redundant Power Supply Units.
13 Specifications The tables on the following pages list the product specifications for the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R.
14 Performance Specification Value Maximum frame rate per port 57,000 pps in each direction (measured with a frame size of 19 bytes) Maximum aggregate frame rate per 4 ports 200,000 pps in each direction. Full media speed for frame sizes above 28 bytes Throughput per port 16 Mbps in each direction for all frame sizes Aggregate switching rate (unicast or broadcast) for entire switch 1,500,000 pps for smallest frame sizes Within switch latency (cutthrough) 35 µs Table 6.
15 Physical Characteristics Specification Introduction Value Rack mount 19" rack mount (hardware included) 1.5 U Dimensions Width: 19" (48.3 cm) Depth: 15.74" (40.0 cm) Height 2.59" (6.6 cm) Weight 15.9 lbs. (7.2 Kg) Power 100 to 240 VAC autosensing Frequency 50/60 Hz AC current rating 1.5 A @ 100 V; 0.
16 Specification Value Protocol compatibility Transparent to higher layer protocols Spanning Tree Protocol support (On SmartStack STS16-20D only for ports 17 to 20) IEEE 802.1D compliant IBM Spanning Tree MIBs supported SNMP MIB II (RFC1213) SR Bridge MIB (RFC1525) Bridge MIB (RFC1493) Evolution of the Interfaces Group of MIB-II (RFC1573) RMON MIB/TR extensions - selected groups only (RFC1757/1513) IEEE 802.5 MIB (RFC1749/1748) IEEE 802.5r DTR MIB IEEE 802.
17 2. Switch Overview The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R is an IEEE 802.5-compliant device designed to boost throughput on Token Ring networks. It operates as a Media Access Control (MAC)-layer device that is protocol independent. This chapter describes how the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R operates as a single stand-alone unit.
18 Multiple Simultaneous Conversations A limitation of Token Ring is that it supports only one packet at a time. The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R improves data throughput by supporting multiple, simultaneous, full-duplex conversations. By using High-Speed bus switching technology, the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R creates multiple data paths. These switched connections between Token Ring segments last only for the duration of a byte transmission.
19 The increase in throughput is directly proportional to the number of physical tokenrings that are interconnected through the switch. A SmartStack STS16-20D/ STS16-20R with 20 ports interconnected provides up to ten concurrent paths. With ten simultaneous conversations, the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R creates 160 Mbps throughput in half-duplex mode, or 320 Mbps throughput in full-duplex mode. A single segment can be dedicated to a single host or shared by several.
20 Address Management At power up, the system address tables do not contain any information. Whenever a SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R receives a packet with an unknown source or destination address, it learns the new source address and stores its location in coming port in the address table. If the destination address is unknown it sends the packet to all ports that can receive data from the incoming port.
21 Multiple Bridging Modes The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R supports four different switching modes to provide maximum flexibility in all installation environments. The switching modes are source route switching (SRS), source route bridging (SRB), source route transparent (SRT) and SRT/SRB. The switch operates on two levels (BRF and CRF) as outlined in the following: BRF 1 CRF 1 CRF 2 CRF 3 CRF 4 Switch Figure 6.
22 The CRF communicates via a logical, virtual port with the bridge relay function, which functions as a multiport (virtual) bridge between the logical rings. The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R can support up to 63 logical rings. There are two levels of relay functions supported by the SmartStack STS16-20D/ STS16-20R. The first level is the CRF to which the ports are assigned. The second level is the BRF. This is the parent relay function to which CRFs are assigned.
23 • The bridge relay function has a single bridge number and multiple ring numbers (one per logical ring) SRS is used between the ports of each logical ring. The bridge relay function runs the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol to eliminate parallel paths with other source-route bridges. The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is still used with each logical ring. Duplicate MAC addresses are allowed only if they are on different logical rings.
24 Filtering Filtering is important for a LAN switch. Filters can be used to reduce broadcast traffic, block certain protocols and provide security functions. The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R provides filters for: • • • Destination or source MAC addresses Destination service access point (DSAP) Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) type Each protocol filter can be applied on a per-port basis for both input and output traffic. This feature allows certain protocols to be blocked from certain ports.
25 Three Switching Modes This section describes the three switching modes available on the switch. Cut-Through In this mode the switch starts forwarding the packet to the output port as soon as the destination address or the source route of the incoming packet has been resolved. This technique ensures very low latency, typically in the range of 30-100 µs. However, if errors occur on the input port during the reception of a packet, the error will still be forwarded to the output port.
26 Token Ring Port Operation Modes Each Token Ring port may operate in one of the following modes: • Half-duplex concentrator port The port behaves like an active MAU port for classical Token Ring. Connects to a single station in half-duplex mode. This is also known as Token Passing (TKP) port mode. Compatible with older adapters. • Half-duplex station emulation The port is connected to a port on a MAU. Connects to a classical Token Ring segment with multiple stations.
27 RI/RO-Like Connection on SmartStack STS16-20R A UTP RI/RO connection is available on ports 19 and 20 on the SmartStack STS16-20R Switch. This feature allows the SmartStack STS16-20R to connect to CAU/LAM systems using the RI/RO connections thus providing a RI/RO-like functionality. This enables the switch to be easily installed in existing Token Ring networks.
28 Transmission Priority Queues To address the needs of delay-sensitive data, such as multimedia, the Token Ring ports of the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R have two transmit queues, a highpriority queue and a low-priority queue. The queue for a frame is determined by the value of the priority field in the frame control (FC) byte. If FC priority is above a configurable level (default 3), the frame is put into the high-priority queue.
29 CrossLink Connections Two or more Token-Ring ports can be configured to comprise a CrossLink. A CrossLink is a collection of identical parallel links between two switches or between a switch and an end node, aggregated to appear as one single link of the aggregate capacity. The traffic distribution mechanism attempts to balance the load on the individual links.
30 For details about CrossLink configuration, please refer to the section “CrossLink” on page 110 in Chapter 6, “Switch Configuration”. Spanning Tree Protocol Support IBM initially supported only source route bridging (SRB) in its bridges, so most networks were built to use it. The main consideration for SRB implementations in switches is the spanning tree algorithm for spanning tree explorers (STEs).
31 VLAN Support The virtual LAN (VLAN) concept creates a virtual switch within a physical switch or stack of switches. A VLAN consists of CRFs and has its own bridge relay function attached. Frames are not forwarded across VLANs and ring numbers must be unique within a VLAN.
32 Dynamic Source Route Recovery Dynamic Source Route Recovery (DSRR) is a proprietary protocol that enables a group of switches to handle a link or switch failure without session loss. A basic redundant setup must have a minimum of two switches performing source route bridging between a legacy Token-Ring and an emulated Token-Ring (or another legacy ring) as illustrated in Figure 8. BRF Bridge No. B1 CRF CRF A T M BRF Bridge No. B2 CRF CRF A T M Figure 8.
33 BRF Bridge No. B1 Backup BRF Inactive A T M A T M A T M A T M BRF Bridge No. B2 Backup BRF Inactive Figure 9. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery, Normal State If one of the switches (Figure 9) or its link to any of the Token-Rings fail, (one of) the remaining active switch(es) will after a short interval activate its backup path to take over the traffic of the failed switch (see Figure 10) When the failing switch has been repaired/replaced, the traffic will automatically revert to it.
34 BRF Bridge No. B1 Backup BRF Inactive A T M A T M A T M A T M BRF Bridge No. B2 Backup BRF Bridge No. B1 Active Figure 10. Example of Dynamic Source Route Recovery, Switch 1 Failed Note that since a separate link is required for forwarding traffic with a given Route Descriptor, one switch can only carry backup traffic for one failed switch at a time. This means that a total of 2×n switches is required to handle simultaneous failure of n switches.
35 Management This section describes the management options for the switch. SNMP The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R can be managed via a SNMP manager. The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R supports ten Management Information Bases (MIBs). Six of the MIBs are standard MIBs, which are defined by RFCs and are included with most SNMP management applications. Four of the MIBs are proprietary and are provided on the disk that accompanies the SmartStack STS1620D/STS16-20R.
36 SmartStack Manager for Windows The SmartSwitch Manager is an application that runs under Windows. It provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) that displays a view of the switch front panel and supports configuration, performance monitoring, and troubleshooting. This application is included with the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R.
37 RMON Support RMON is an industry-standard method for providing network statistics monitoring using SNMP. It also collects fault, performance, and configuration statistics. It can monitor continuously, even when communication with the management station is not possible or efficient. RMON can then notify the management station when an exceptional condition occurs.
38 Name Support Info 9. Event Supported. 10. Token-Ring Supported: — The Token-Ring Ring Station Group. Only supported as read. That is, only the entries created as default can be read. The ring station table is not supported. — The Token-Ring Ring Station Order Group. — The Ring Station Config Table. Not supported: — The Token-Ring Ring Station Config Group. — The Token-Ring Source Routing Group. Table 9.
39 Built-in Port Counters The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R supports a wide range of port counters, which enables you to obtain a detailed overview of the port traffic. The counters give a comprehensive overview in the areas of: • • • MAC Layer Counters MAC Layer Error Counters Frame Forwarding Counters Stackable Architecture All SmartStack STS16-20x switches are stackable.
40 stack must be equipped with a STS-LM Stacker Link Module and an appropriate stacker link cable. The SmartStack STS-8SU External Stacker Unit works as a common backplane switching fabric, which provides 2.2 Gbps of aggregate bandwidth. ➽ Note: The SmartStack STS16-20D and the SmartStack STS16-20R can be stacked together with other switches from the STS16-20x family in any desired combination. All switches in a stack must, however, run the same software version.
41 3. Preparing for Installation Before installing the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R, read this chapter carefully. Safety Recommendations Follow these guidelines to ensure general safety during and after the installation: • • • Keep the chassis area clear and dust-free during and after installation. Keep tools away from walk areas where you and others could trip over them. Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe.
42 • Before working on the system, unplug the power cord. To avoid the possibility of electrical shock, unplug the power cord from the outlet before detaching the power cord from the switch. • Disconnect all power before doing the following: — Installing or removing a chassis — Working near power supplies — Performing a hardware upgrade • • • Do not work alone if potentially hazardous conditions exist.
43 Site Requirements Following are the site requirements for installation. Environment Choose a clean, dust-free, preferably air-conditioned location. Avoid direct sunlight, heat sources, or areas with high levels of EMI (Electromagnetic Interference). Chassis Accessibility Make sure the front and back panel of the equipment is accessible so that you can monitor the LED indicators and access the control switches. Leaving enough clearance at the front and back will also allow easier cabling and service.
44 b. The cord must be UL listed, CSA labelled, and consist of three conductors with a maximum of 15 feet in length. Type SVT or SJT cord sets shall be used for units which stand on a desk or table. Type SJT cord sets shall be used for units which stand on floor. c. The male plug for units operating at 115 VAC shall consist of a parallel blade, grounding type attachment plug rated 15 A, 125 VAC.
45 Configuration Guidelines This section will help you understand the physical configuration restrictions for the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. Read the guidelines in the following sections before you start installing the switch. In brief, remember the following rules when planning to install the switch: • • 18,192 byte maximum physical frame length. • • Straight-through cables for all ports. • The spanning tree protocol will not function between different BRFs within one switch.
46 You can also use the NET 18K dialog box in the HP OpenView application. This dialog can display all the hardware modules. Note that the SSIM-H2-02 Fast Ethernet - Translational Switch SmartStack Interface Module might display 1,500 bytes, but this does not prevent the stack from running 18 KB. For information on how to upgrade your stacker link modules or ATM uplinks that currently do not support 18 KB frames, please contact your dealer or your local representative.
47 Ring Numbers Forwarding frames between CRFs in SRB mode is only possible if the CRFs know their ring numbers. If you are running the switch in an environment without other bridges/switches, auto-configuration of ring numbers is not possible. In this case, you have to configure the ring numbers manually.
48 Sample Uses of the SmartStack STS16-20RM Family Switches The Cabletron Systems SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R switches allow you to increase the performance of the network by providing dedicated bandwidth to individual workstations.
49 Server Server 5 SRB SRB Server Server 4 6 SRB SRB SRB SRB SRB SRB 1 2 3 7 8 9 Figure 11. Typical Network without the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Figure 12.
50 Switch BRF CRF 1 CRF 2 CRF 3 CRF 7 CRF 8 CRF 9 1 2 3 7 8 9 Server CRF 5 32 Mbps Server Server Server Figure 13. Replacing SRBs with a SmartStack STS16-20RM or SmartStack STS16-20R Figure 14.
51 Deployment Scenarios SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R includes a built-in stacker link. To create a stack of SmartStack STS16-20x switches you can use any switch in this series as an interface point for the stack. To do this, you use either a SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit or a SmartStack STS-5SU Stacker Unit.
52 Figure 15. Scenario using a Stacker Link and a Matrix Switch Figure 16 on the next page shows a network design where SmartStack STS16-20D/ STS16-20R uses network ports to connect to a remote SmartStack STS16-20RM switch. In many Token Ring networks, the cabling layout requires such remote extension of rings.
53 Figure 16.
54 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Preparing for Installation
55 4. Installation This chapter contains step-by-step instructions for installing, connecting and verifying that the SmartStack STS16-20D Token Ring Switch and/or the SmartStack STS16-20R Token Ring Switch is operating properly. Installation Summary The installation sequence is listed in the following steps. 1. Plan for installation. Read Chapter 3, “Preparing for Installation”. 2. Unpack the switch. 3. Gather the materials. 4. Mount the switch. 5. Connect the switch to the network. 6.
56 Package Contents Immediately after receiving the equipment, examine all shipping containers and contents for damage. If any damage has occurred, notify the shipping carrier. Unpack the unit by removing the packing material and lifting it from its protective enclosures. Visually examine the equipment and check the container for related parts and accessories.
57 Materials needed for Installation To install the switch, you need the following items: • If the unit will be installed in a rack, you need: — A rack inventory chart and a cabling chart from your network administrator. — The supplied set of screws, nuts and washers along with the Allen key tool. — A properly earthed power cord. • If the unit will be installed on a surface (such as a tabletop), you will need: — A cabling chart from your network administrator. — The four supplied adhesive rubber feet.
58 Mounting the Chassis The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R can be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack or cabinet, or can be mounted on any flat surface such as a tabletop. The installation area should be near a power source and should have enough room around the front and back panels for cabling and access to controls. Use the following procedures for the installation of the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R.
59 2. Position the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R, with the exposed mounting brackets, in the rack or cabinet and slide it up or down until the bracket holes line up with the rack holes. Attach the chassis brackets to the rack using the Allen screws you removed in the previous step and the nuts supplied with the switch. Close the cap again to conceal the screws. ➽ Note: Only fixed brackets are supplied with these units.
60 Cabling ➽ Note: For information on connectors, buttons, slots, and LEDs, please see “Front Panel Details” on page 5 and “Back Panel Details” on page 9 in Chapter 1. This section provides instructions for connecting devices (such as hubs, servers, personal computers, and workstations) to the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. Remember these tips when connecting cables: • • Avoid stretching or bending the cables excessively.
61 device at the other end, a unique cable identification number, the MAC address of the connected device, and the number of the port to which the cable is attached. 4. To continue installing the switch, go to “Applying Power” on page 63. Figure 19. Connecting Devices to Token Ring Ports Connecting Devices to the Token Ring Ports Using Building Wiring If you will use building wiring (in-the-wall cables) to connect the device to the switch, perform the following steps: 1.
62 ➽ Note: Do not connect these cables to the Ring-In or Ring-Out port on a media access unit (MAU), unless you use ports 19 and 20 on STS16-20R. 4. Connect the other end of the cable to a Token Ring port on the switch. 5. Label this cable. 6. If the switch is rack-mounted, dress the switch end of the cables through a cable management bracket, if one is present on your rack. 7. To continue installing the switch, continue with “Applying Power”. Figure 20.
63 Applying Power The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R chassis does not have an on/off switch. Power is on when the unit is plugged into a power source. There are no user serviceable parts inside an SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. Any internal upgrades or service should be performed by qualified personnel only. ➽ Caution: If you are using the STS-PSU Redundant Power Supply Unit on STS1620R, note that this unit is not hot-swappable.
64 Figure 22. The back panel of the STS16-20R 4. Verify that the power LED is on. If not, make sure the outlet is working properly. If the outlet is working, but the power LED and the fans are not on, see Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”. 5. When the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R powers on, observe the self-test diagnostic that the unit runs for approximately 1-2 minutes. The DIAG LED is on for the duration of the test, turning off when the self-test is complete. 6.
65 Stacker Link Module The SmartStack STS-LM Internal Stacker Unit which is factory installed in the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R switch is a single port interface module that is installed into the back slot of the Switch. When SmartStack STS16-20RM family Switches are connected through SmartStack STS-LM Modules, the switches can be combined to form one logical switch. The SmartStack STS-LM front panel is shown in Figure 23. Figure 23.
66 SmartStack STS-LM Connectors and LEDs The following tables describe the connectors and LEDs on the STS-LM front panel. Connector Stacker Port Description 50-pin SCSI-2 connector for proprietary Stacker Link cable. Table 10. SmartStack STS-LM Network Connector LED State Description TX On Data is being transmitted from the attached switch. RX On Data is being received by the attached switch. ATTACH Off No connection has been established. On A connection has been established. Table 11.
67 Working with a Stack When the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R switch powers up, it runs through a series of diagnostics. Immediately after the diagnostics are complete, the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R enters the stack discovery mode. The discovery mode is used to sense if the unit is cabled to other SmartStack STS1620D/STS16-20R units. If the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R is connected to other units during the discovery mode, the switches automatically combine to form a stack.
68 Menu Parameter IP Configuration IP Address, IP Gateway, IP Subnet, IP State Spanning Tree Protocol STP Enabling/Disabling, STP Switch Priority, STP Maximum Aging, STP Hello Time, STP Forward Delay Virtual LAN Name Configuration Changing VLAN names Password System password Console Configuration Console Time-out Telnet Configuration Number of Allowed Telnet Sessions, Disallow New Telnet Sessions TFTP Download TFTP Server Address, Download Domain, Download Filename Switch/Stack Information
69 5. Accessing Switch Management The switches can be configured in two ways: 1. Using the switch console. You can access the switch console interface — directly, by connecting a VT100 terminal emulator to the RS-232 port labelled MANAGEMENT. OR — remotely, via Telnet. 2.
70 Connecting the Console The two following subsections explain how to connect to the switch console. You can connect directly or via a modem. For detailed information on cabling and pins, see Chapter B, “Cable and Pin Information”. Connecting a Terminal Directly to the MANAGEMENT Port 1. Connect one end of a crossover TIA/EIA-232 cable (commonly known as a RS232 cable) to the MANAGEMENT port. This is a male DB-9 connector configured as a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) device. 2.
71 3. Use the values listed in the following table to set the configuration parameters on your console for interfacing to the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R.
72 Specification Microsoft Windows terminal emulation Value Disable the “Use Function, Arrow, and Ctrl Keys for Windows” option located in the Terminal Preference menu Table 13. Console Configuration Settings 4. At power on (cold boot), the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R performs a series of self-test diagnostics verifying that hardware components are functioning. An example of the self-test diagnostic screen is shown later in this chapter.
73 5. If you still can not get the connection to work, contact a support person. Diagnostic Screen The diagnostic self-test displays two different screens, depending on whether you perform a cold boot (power-o n cycle with full diagnostics), or a warm boot (a reset without full diagnostics). The warm boot contains portions of the complete cold boot list. The following is an example of a diagnostic screen during a boot process.
74 20 29 - Initializing system address table - System entering stand-alone mode - Enabling port: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 22 23 24 Press RETURN key to activate console... Depending upon which tests have run, verify that all diagnostics have passed and that the ERR LED is off. If the ERR LED is on, read the screen to determine which test failed. Also see Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”, to help find the cause.
75 6. Switch Configuration This chapter explains how to set up the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R and to modify the configuration using a VT100 console attached to the switch directly or via a modem connection. The switch configuration can also be modified from a remote VT100 console via a telnet session. For information on how to connect the console, see Chapter 5, “Accessing Switch Management”.
76 General Guidelines To work within the console menus and screens, follow these guidelines: • To select an item on a screen or a menu, highlight it by using the arrow keys and then press ENTER. If you need to specify additional information for that item—for example, selecting Yes or No or supplying a value—a prompt appears on the screen. • • In most cases, new values are saved when you select Return. The More item means there is more information than what is displayed on that screen.
77 If no password is configured, just press ENTER and the main menu is presented. To establish a password, see the section "Password Menu" on page 130 later in this chapter. To open the Password menu, select Configuration → Password. For more explanation on the greeting screen, see Chapter 5, “Accessing Switch Management”. Navigating within the Menus Use the arrow keys (cursor keys) to highlight an item on the screen or menu. • Items that end with three dots, opens another screen or menu.
78 Main Menu The main menu contains the following items, that give access to console screens and submenus: Configuration... Displays the Configuration menu, which enables you to view and set the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R configuration parameters. A detailed explanation of the configuration submenus is given on page 79. Statistics... Displays the Statistics menu for the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R.
79 Configuration Menu Open this menu by selecting Configuration in the main menu. From the Configuration menu you can view and set the switch configuration parameters. This chapter describes all submenus and screens.
80 Switch Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → Switch Configuration. Use the Switch Configuration screen to view system information and to view or change the system name, location, contact, and time of day. To add or change the system name, location, contact or time of day, use the arrow keys to highlight the field and press the ENTER key. A prompt appears near the bottom of the screen for entering text for that field. Pressing ENTER again enters that text.
81 Flash Memory Installed Amount (in KB) of flash memory installed. Information in this field cannot be changed. Burned-in MAC Address The factory-assigned base MAC address of the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS1620R. Information in this field cannot be changed. Configured MAC Address The MAC address that is currently in use, or, if a new MAC address has been configured, the MAC address that will be used after the next boot.
82 or preferred VLAN’s, implying that 63 MAC addresses need to be reserved for BRF. Summarizing each SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R reserve: Switch Base Address + 31 Addresses for Token Ring ports + 63 MAC Addresses for BRFs = 95, which is rounded up to 96 or hexadecimal 0x60. The MAC address of the default BRF (trnet-default) will always be the switch base address + 32. If the switch operates in a stack, only one of the switches will operate the bridge relay function.
83 System Contact Any text string of max. 64 characters that you have assigned for the switch. Time of Day An internal clock is used to calculate total time of operation and time of day. To adjust the time, select this item, press RETURN, then enter the month, day, hour, or minute. ➽ Note: If you cannot set the Time of Day, the lithium battery may need replacing. If this is the case, contact your local reseller.
84 Remote Box Number(s) Number of switches (in addition to this one) in the stack. Display only. Stack Time-out If a switch goes off line, the length of time (in seconds) during which the stack tries to reestablish communication with the switch. The default is 16 seconds. Stack State Whether the SmartStack Switch Stacker is operational (SmartStack STS-LM or SmartStack STS-5SU). Information in this field cannot be changed. Stack Connection Whether the SmartStack STS-8SU Stacker Unit is connected.
85 is listed as module 2. Status Whether the module is up, down, failed, or the slot is empty. Model Type of module. The switch is listed for the base switch. For this module as well as for others, this field displays the product number. Board ID Decimal identifier of the module. HW Rev Hardware revision level. If (4K) is displayed after the number, this module will prevent the switch (or stack of switches) from operating with an MTU size above 4,472 bytes.
86 VLAN Configuration The Virtual LAN feature can be used to partition a SmartStack STS16-20D/STS1620R or a stack of switches into several Virtual LANs, each containing its own set of ports (the terms Virtual LAN and domain are interchangeable). Packets are forwarded only between ports belonging to the same VLAN. The benefit of Virtual LAN is to restrict access from one segment to another, either for security purposes or to reduce intersegment (such as broadcast) traffic.
87 • IP. You may give each domain an IP address, subnet mask, and gateway address definition. • Address filters. Domains have no effect on address filters. For example, suppose you create two domains: one containing ports 1–8 and the other ports 9–16. If you add an address filter to ports 7, 8, 9, and 10, the filter will work properly even though it applies to ports in other domains. • CrossLink. All ports in a single CrossLink must belong to the same CRF.
88 VLAN Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → VLAN Configuration → VLAN Configuration. Use the this screen to define BRFs and CRFs for the switch. BRF/CRF ASCII name associated with the BRF or CRF. For a CRF it is synonymous with the ELAN name on ATM LANE ports. ID Numeric ID assigned to the BRF or CRF. This must be within the range of 2 to 1005. Brdg/Rng Bridge/Ring numbers. For BRFs this is a bridge number, for CRF this is a ring number.
89 View... Zooms in a VLAN. Add... Prompts for a new ID and brings up the VLAN Parameter Configuration screen. Change... Prompts for a numeric ID of a BRF or CRF to change and brings up the VLAN Parameter Configuration screen. Delete Lets you delete a BRF or CRF. You cannot delete a BRF if there are CRFs assigned to it, or a CRF if there are ports assigned to it. VLAN Parameter Configuration for CRF Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1.
90 VLAN ID Numeric ID of the CRF. Possible values are 2 through 1005. Values 1002 through 1005 and 1 are reserved for the default CRFs and BRFs. VLAN Name ASCII name associated with the CRF. Up to 32 characters are allowed. The name must be unique. Neither a BRF nor a CRF must exist with identical names. Parent VLAN BRF to which the CRF belongs. State Current state of the CRF. Possible values are Operational and Suspended. CRFs in operational state are functional.
91 For each CRF of translational links connected to the same logical Ethernet segment, a connection attribute must be assigned: • Primary connection—for a main connection to the Ethernet Cloud (default value for each CRF). This connection is always forwarding if active. • Secondary1—for a backup connection to the logical Ethernet segment. This connection is always blocking if the primary is active. • Secondary2—for a second backup connection to the logical Ethernet segment.
92 1005 and 1 are reserved for the default BRFs and CRFs. These values cannot be changed. VLAN Name ASCII name associated with the BRF. Up to 32 characters are allowed. The name must be unique. Neither BRFs nor CRFs can have identical names. State Current state of the BRF. Possible values are Operational and Suspended. BRFs in operational state are functional. BRFs in suspended state do not pass packets. The default is operational.
93 VLAN Port Configuration To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → VLAN Configuration → VLAN Port Configuration. This screen is used to view and edit current port assignments to CRFs. Port The port number. Type Port type. Possible values are: • • • • TR For Token-Ring ports. HSTR For High-Speed Token-Ring ports. ATM For ATM ports. TS For translational switching ports. CRF CRF to which the port is currently assigned.
94 IP Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → IP Configuration. Then select the BRF to display the screen. This screen is used to view or change IP information associated with a BRF, such as the IP address, subnet mask, or IP state, or to send PINGs. Note! Ports must be assigned to a CRF that is a sibling of the selected BRF before IP assignment. Interface MAC Address Displays the MAC address assigned to this BRF.
95 default for the class of the IP address. If a subnet mask is specified, it will be used as a net mask. Default: 0.0.0.0 IP State Display the following choices by highlighting IP State and pressing ENTER: • • • IP Disabled BootP When Needed BootP Always Then highlight one of these choices and press ENTER. The meaning of these values are as described in the following: • IP Disabled—When a VLAN is IP-disabled, it will not process any IP or ARP packets it receives.
96 BootP Requests and Parameters When using BootP to determine its IP address, the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS1620R repeats BootP requests at regular intervals, beginning at one second each and eventually decreasing to every five minutes over time until it receives a valid reply.
97 SNMP Configuration Menu The next menu item in the Configuration menu is SNMP Configuration... This item opens a menu that is explained in Chapter 8, “Monitoring the Network with SNMP”. The next section describes the spanning tree protocol and the STP menus that you access from the Configuration menu. Spanning Tree Protocol The spanning tree protocol (STP) is a bridge-to-bridge link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops.
98 If two ports to the root have the same path cost, the STP device selects the one with the highest priority (lowest value), an arbitrary value that you assign. To block traffic on a particular segment, assign it low port priority (high value) If more ports have the same priority value assigned, the lowest port number will be selected. ➽ Note! All bridge relay functions in the switch use the same bridge identifier.
99 Spanning Tree for BRF Screen To open this screen from the main menu, do the following: 1. Select Configuration → Spanning Tree. A list containing available BRF VLANs appears. 2. Choose a BRF from the list. The Spanning Tree for BRF screen will now appear. From this screen you can go on to select CRFs and ports associated with the BRF for modification (CRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters...).
100 ➽ Note! When using multiport source route bridging, the internal link to the CRF with the lowest ring number will be forwarding. The other links will be blocking. This is because all the other parameters have the same value. This means that it is a good idea to give the fastest ring the lowest ring number. • If STP Participation is set to Base on Bridging Mode, then the spanning tree protocol used is based on the bridging mode of the CRF.
101 Default: 20 Bridge Forward Delay (in Seconds) Enter the time the BRF spanning tree entity waits between transitions from listening to learning, and from learning to forwarding. The minimum may not be less than the larger of 4 or ((Switch Maximum Message Age / 2) +1). The maximum may not be higher than 30. The lower range limit that appears reflects the value currently selected for Switch Maximum Age. Default: 15 CRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters...
102 STP Mode (BRF-to-CRF) Determines the mode of the internal port from this CRF to the parent BRF. Possible values are auto, forwarding, blocked. If set to auto, the forwarding/blocking state of the internal link will be determined by the spanning tree protocol of the parent BRF. If the parent BRF is participating in the spanning tree protocol, the protocol will determine the state. If the BRF is not participating in the spanning tree protocol, the internal link is forwarding.
103 Switch Hello Time (in Seconds) The time this CRF spanning tree instance waits before sending the next Hello BPDU message when this entity is the root in STP. The default is 2. The minimum value is 1. The maximum value is the lower of 10 or ((Switch Maximum Message Age / 2) – 1). Switch Maximum Message Age (in Seconds) Maximum message age used when this CRF instance is the root in a spanning tree domain.
104 Port Spanning Tree Parameters Screen To open this screen do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Configuration → Spanning Tree. A list containing available BRF VLANs appears. 2. Choose a BRF to open the Spanning Tree for BRF screen and then select CRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters... 3. A screen will appear displaying the CRFs that have the currently selected BRF as parent. When you select a CRF from this list, the Spanning Tree for CRF screen is displayed. 4.
105 ➽ Note: For SmartStack STS16-20D n/a will be displayed for ports 1 to 16 as they do not support spanning tree protocol. Path Cost Cost associated with the port. The spanning tree protocol uses port path costs to determine which port to select as a forwarding port. Therefore, lower numbers should be assigned to ports attached to faster media (such as FDX or CrossLink), and higher numbers should be assigned to ports attached to slower media. The possible range is 1 to 65,535. The default is 62.
106 Port Configuration Screen To open this screen do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Configuration → Port Configuration. 2. You will be prompted for a port number. When you have entered the port number, the Port Configuration screen for that port will be displayed. For the base switch ports, the screen will look as in the following example screen. For the interface module ports, refer to the interface module guide.
107 Enabled Shows the administrative state of this port. Possible values are Yes (enabled) or No (disabled). The default value is Yes. Status This field is for informational purposes only, and shows if the port is currently inserted into the ring. Media Type This field is for informational purposes only, and shows the media type of the port. Possible value is RJ-45. Cfg Loss Threshold Configuration loss occurs when a port completes a connection, allows data traffic to flow, and subsequently closes.
108 Force AC Bits on SR Frames This field specifies if AC bits will be set unconditionally when a port forwards certain LLC frames. Possible values are Yes and No (default). BRF MTU (actual) Display only. The MTU the BRF uses at the moment. Port MTU Configures the Maximum Transmission Unit size of the information field of packets to be sent or received. Possible values are 1,500 and 4,472, 8,144, 17,800 and USE Brf (default). The actual value used is the lower of the configured value and the actual BRF MTU.
109 Media Speed The Token-Ring media speed. Possibilities are 4 or 16 Mbps or Auto. When a switch port configured with Auto discovers a connection to shared media, it will open and insert into the ring. If the open returns with an indication, that the port is the first station to enter the ring, it will close.
110 Switched Port Analyzer Menu from the Configuration Menu The Switched Port Analyzer screen is accessed from the Configuration menu. This screen and its submenus are presented in Chapter 9, “Monitoring Port Traffic”. CrossLink A CrossLink connection is used to improve interswitch bandwidth. A CrossLink is used to connect two switches from the SmartStack STS16-20RM family with two to eight links (on SmartStack STS16-20D the maximum is 4 ports).
111 • Statistics reporting. Statistics for the CrossLink are displayed for individual ports, not for the CrossLink as a whole. Station addresses are distributed among the ports in the CrossLink. See Chapter 7, “Monitoring the Network from the Console Statistics Menu”. • Address filtering. Address filters are automatically added to every port in a CrossLink. The port with the lowest number configured in the CrossLink is called the base port.
112 CrossLink Menu To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → CrossLink. Use the CrossLink menu to access the CrossLink Configuration and Information screens.
113 CrossLink Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → CrossLink → CrossLink Configuration. Use this screen to add, delete, and change CrossLinks. A description of creating a CrossLink connection follows. CrossLink List of different CrossLink setups. Ports The ports within that specific CrossLink. Add Entry Prompts you for port numbers for a CrossLink. Enter at least 2-8 ports, no more than four ports on SmartStack STS16-20D.
114 Clear Table Deletes all CrossLinks. Setting up a CrossLink To add a CrossLink between two SmartStack STS16-20RM family switches, determine which ports to use for the CrossLink. Use at least 2 ports, on SmartStack STS16-20D no more than four and on SmartStack STS16-20R no more than eight. Observe the following precautions and use the following steps to set up a CrossLink: • • Disable or disconnect the ports before creating or changing a CrossLink.
115 Current CrossLink Information Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → CrossLink → Current CrossLink Information. Use this screen to display the status of the CrossLink. CrossLink The number of the CrossLink referring to the information displayed on the present screen. State Whether the specified CrossLink is active or not. Ports What ports are in that CrossLink.
116 Address Filtering The Address Filtering feature enables you to restrict certain users from communicating with other users. To do this, you can specify source and destination MAC-layer Token Ring addresses to be filtered. The advantage of address filtering is increased access control and network segmentation. For example, suppose one port is connected to a server containing confidential information from the engineering workgroup.
117 ➽ Note: To restrict access from one segment to an entire segment—not just an address—see the “VLAN Configuration” section in this chapter. The following address filtering menus are used to set up address filtering. Additional information on address filtering is provided as the following filtering menus are presented. Filters and Port Security Menu To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → Filters & Port Security. Use this menu to access the filtering menus: Configure Filters...
118 Protocol Filters... Displays the Protocol Filters menu. Configure Filters Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → Filters & Port Security. Then select Configure Filters. When the Add Entry item is selected, a list is displayed of the available filter functions with a selectable highlight. After a choice is made, the console prompts you for the necessary parameters. Index The number index. MAC Address MAC address contained in packets to be filtered.
119 — Any packet with the specified destination address is prevented from entering the switch through the specified port(s). • Allow any packet with source address—Allow Src — If a packet is received with a specified source address, it is allowed to enter through the specified port(s). This feature is used in conjunction with port security. • Allow any packet with destination address—Allow Dest — If a packet is sent to a specified address, it is allowed to enter the switch through the specified port(s).
120 Configure Port Security Mode Screen This function disables address learning of source and/or destination addresses at specified ports on an SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. Port security totally blocks (secures) these ports. Port security mode is used in conjunction with port filtering. Configure a port security mode on a port and then use “allow” filters to selectively control traffic through that port.
121 View Port Filters Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Configuration → Filters & Port Security. 2. Select View Port Filters... 3. You will be prompted for a port number. Enter a Token-Ring port number, that is, 1–20. The following screen displays an example of a port using the MAC address filters and port security. Index Numerical order of entries. MAC Address The specific MAC address the filter is applied to.
122 • Traffic to this address will be forced to ports (as specified) Return Return to the main menu. More Displays additional entries in the filter table if the table contains multiple pages. Port (number) Security Mode The type of security mode applied to this port. Protocol Filters Menu To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → Filters & Port Security. Then select Protocol Filters...
123 Protocol Class Assignment... Selecting this item will open the Protocol Class Assignment screen. Port Filtering Attributes... Selecting this item will open the Port Filtering Attributes screen. Protocol Class Assignment Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Configuration → Filters & Port Security. Then select Protocol Filters... 2. On the Protocols Filters screen, select Protocol Class Assignment...
124 (in its 4-digit hexadecimal format) for each of the classes 1 through 8. You cannot specify an Ethertype for protocol classes 9 through 15. DSAPs List of the DSAPs that you want to filter. You can specify up to 16 DSAPs (in their hexadecimal format) separated by spaces. Port Filtering Attributes Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Configuration → Filters & Port Security. Then select Protocol Filters... 2.
125 • None - Allow all frames in this protocol class (default value). SRT The SRT field may have the following values: • • Yes - Allow transparent bridging for frames in this protocol class (default value). No - Disallow transparent bridging for frames in this protocol class. If No is selected, only source-routed frames can be bridged between CRFs for this protocol class. Ethertype Information column showing the Ethertype defined for this class.
126 Address Aging You can set the per-port aging value using the Address Aging menu. The following describes the types of address aging.
127 Address Aging Menu To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → Address Aging. The screens opened from this menu are described in the following sections. Port Address Table Aging Screen To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → Address Aging. Then select Port Address Table Aging...
128 Port The port to which you want to assign an aging time. Aging Time (min.) A valid port aging time associated with the port. Addresses will be discarded after reaching the set time limit. The default setting for this parameter is 5 minutes. The maximum time for this value is 9999 minutes. 0 indicates that address aging is disabled. Demand Aging Level Sets a percentage threshold of address table capacity to ensure that the port’s address table is populated only by the most frequently used addresses.
129 Master Address Table Aging Screen Master Address Table Aging is the aging value of a set time, in minutes, and a set percentage level after which unused addresses are removed from its table. ➽ Note: If a port address table does not hold enough space for all the needed addresses, some addresses may be present in the master address table but not in any port tables. Such addresses will be removed from the master address table after the master aging time.
130 Password Menu To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → Password. There are two types of user rights, Read/Write and Read-Only. Read/Write users have full access. Read-Only users will not be able modify the configuration of the switch. Use the Password menu to add, change, or delete a password. If you establish a password, users must enter it to access the console menus. If there is no password, just press ENTER at the password prompt.
131 The password is saved across warm boots and power cycles. ➽ Note: If you have forgotten the password, you can delete it by depressing the unlabeled system request button on the front panel of the switch for one second, releasing it, then selecting Point 4. Clear the system password. This will clear both the Read-Only and the Read/Write password.
132 Console/Telnet Sessions The following section describes how to establish a console or Telnet session. Console Configuration Menu This menu lists items for configuring console and Telnet sessions. The Serial Link Configuration (console) and Telnet Configuration items are selected by highlighting and pressing ENTER. To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → Console Configuration. Serial Link Configuration...
133 Serial Link Configuration Screen Use the Serial Link Configuration screen to configure a SmartStack STS16-20D/ STS16-20R when using a modem to create a console session. To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → Console Configuration. Then select Serial Link Configuration. Hardware Flow Control Enables or disables RTS/CTS handshaking. Default: Disabled Software Flow Control Enables the XON and XOFF characters, which are 11 and 13 hexadecimal, respectively.
134 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or Autobaud. The default value for this parameter is 9600. Make sure that your terminal emulator baud rate matches the console baud rate you set. Creating a Console Session Using a Modem Use the Serial Link Configuration menu to configure the SmartStack STS1620D/STS16-20R in order to communicate with a console via a modem.
135 Telnet Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → Console Configuration. Then select Telnet Configuration... Return to Previous Menu Returns to the Console Configuration menu. Number of Telnet Sessions Allowed Limits the number of Telnet sessions. Numbers allowed are from 1 to 5. Highlight this selection, press ENTER, and enter the number. Default is 5. Disallow New Telnet Session Choose Yes or No to allow or disallow a new Telnet session.
136 Telnet Sessions Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Configuration → Console Configuration. Then select Telnet Configuration... 2. On the Telnet Configuration screen, select Telnet Sessions... Index Numerical order of entries. Box The box number ID of the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R in a stack. Remote Lists the IP address and the port number of the Remote Telnet session. Local Lists the IP address and the port number of the Local Telnet session.
137 Starting the Telnet Session Observe the following when starting a Telnet session to the SmartStack STS1620D/STS16-20R: • In the IP Information screen, the IP State must not be set to IP-Disabled. Any other value will do for the IP stack and Telnet to work. • • The Telnet must be pre-configured to have a VT100/VT220 compatible setup. • There may be conflicts between Telnet sessions.
138 ➽ Note: If you are in a Telnet session and change the IP parameters either in the IP Information Session screen or Virtual LAN IP Configuration screen, and save the changes using the Exit command from the screen, you will lose the connection to your Telnet session, even if the IP parameters you change are in another VLAN.
139 Syslog Daemon Screen To open this menu from the main menu, select Configuration → Syslog. The syslog facility is used to send messages to a central place in your network where messages can be logged. Any message that is entered into the message log of the switch is also sent to up to 20 syslog receivers using IP UDP communication. There are two types of messages in the switch, Warnings and Info messages. A syslog facility code can be assigned to each of them.
140 Change Entry Modifies an existing entry. Zoom Displays more information.
141 DSRR Configuration Dynamic Source Route Recovery enables a set of switches performing source route bridging between the same legacy Token-Ring and emulated Token-Ring (or the same pair of legacy Token-Rings) to handle link or switch failures without session loss. During normal operation, each switch forwards frames containing a Specific Route Descriptor.
142 • The traced port and the backup for the traced port must connect to the same legacy or emulated Token-Ring. • The ports belonging to a DSRR group must be connected to the same rings as the corresponding ports of a DSRR group with the same Group ID on another switch. • The CRFs containing the primary and traced ports of a DSRR group must not contain other ports. • • A backup BRF can only forward traffic for one failed BRF at a time.
143 DSRR Group Configuration Screen ➽ Note! Before entering the DSRR Group Configuration menu, the VLAN configuration must be defined. Open the menu from the main menu by selecting Configuration → DSRR Group Configuration. The information displayed for each group on this screen is, as follows. IX Index for selecting a group to be viewed, changed, or deleted. Box, Port Primary DSRR port.
144 State Shows the actual state of the displayed DSRR group. View and Change Select View or Change to view or edit a group. You will be prompted for the Index (Ix) of the group. The DSRR Configuration screen will appear. Add Select Add to create a new group. You will be prompted for Box (if the switch is stacked), Port, and Group. The DSRR Configuration screen will appear. DSRR Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, do the following: 1.
145 inactive Disabled stop Transient state during enable/disable idle Both primary and traced port down groupPortDown Primary port down tracedPortDown Traced port down active Operational stopOnError Error condition. Check the Message Log. Then disable the group, correct the error and enable the group again. Group Priority Whenever more than one switch is able to take over from a failed switch, the one with the highest priority will be chosen. Possible values are 0–255, the default is 100.
146 ATM Address This is the ATM address that identifies the Lan Emulation Client implementing the Virtual ATM Traced Port (when applicable). You cannot change the value of this parameter. Return Saves the changes made on the screen and returns to the previous menu.
147 Download/Upload Menu As enhancements are made to the switch, you may need to update the software that is contained in the switch. Or you may wish to save the configuration, that is, upload the configuration files. The files may be needed if the switch is replaced. The flash memory in the base switch contains three distinct different parts: 1. Bootstrap During the startup it will display BootStrap Firmware v2.3, Copyright 1996-1998 on an attached terminal. The image will never need to be changed. 2.
148 from 4.0.0 to 3.11.0, the configuration will be deleted. It is recommended that you save the configuration before upgrading the software. To open the Download/Upload menu, select Download/Upload in the main menu. Serial Link Download Screen Open this screen from the main menu by selecting Download/Upload → Serial Link Download. This screen is for downloading via the Out-of-Band management port.
149 Use the following steps to update the switch software: 1. Use a terminal emulation program, which supports the X-modem protocol. 2. Insert the upgrade disk in your terminal emulator drive. 3. If you have not already done so, start a console session. 4. Select Download/Upload on the main menu. 5. Select Serial Link Download. 6. Select Main Image Download. 7. Confirm the download. The download takes approximately 12 minutes at 9600 baud.
150 TFTP Download/Upload Screen Open this screen from the main menu by selecting Download/Upload → TFTP Download/Upload... The following is an example of the TFTP Download/Upload screen. Note that this screen may contain additional items, depending on the modules installed. TFTP Server Address The address of the host serving as the TFTP server. Download VLAN The VLAN name through which the download is attempted. Main Image Download... Configuration Files Download..., Configuration Files Upload...
151 ➽ Note! When upgrading the boot code, append the string *boot to the filename when entering the filename. For example, to download the 2.3 bootcode to the switch, type the following: main image download filename: STS_230.bt*boot Execute Download/Upload This command is displayed on the sub-screens that are opened from the TFTP Download/Upload screen. The command Execute Download/Upload initiates the download or upload for a single switch only.
152 Reset Screen To open this screen, select Reset... in the main menu. This screen displays the reset options available with the switch. Number of Resets Since Diagnostics Number of times the switch has been reset since the switch was powered on or ran power-on diagnostics. This is an informational heading; the data cannot be changed. This number is not reset to 0 when nonvolatile RAM is cleared.
153 Reset Port Address Table Selecting this command clears all address table entries for a specified port (user is queried for which port to reset), sets port traffic counters to zero, and sets Time Since Last Reset for this port to zero. Clear Nonvolatile RAM Selecting this command will erase all user-configured parameters and reset the switch. ➽ Note: Clearing NVRAM (non-volatile RAM) erases all configuration parameters.
154 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Switch Configuration
155 7. Monitoring the Network from the Console Statistics Menu This chapter explains how to monitor the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R through a directly connected VT100 console or through a VT100 telnet session. To use SNMP (in-band, through the network management), see Chapter 8, “Monitoring the Network with SNMP”. The information presented on the Statistic screens in this chapter is typically used for monitoring purposes only.
156 Statistics Menu To open the Statistics menu, select Statistics... in the main menu. For information on how to use the console interface, see “General Guidelines” on page 76 and “Navigating within the Menus” on page 77 in Chapter 6, “Switch Configuration”. The following pages contains information on the submenus and screens.
157 Switch Statistics Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Switch Statistics. The Switch Statistics screen shows statistics and information about stations connected to the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. ➽ Note: References to “frames” in this menu refer to the frames that are handled by the CPU within the switch, for example SNMP requests. The Port Statistics screen (described in a later section) refers to frames handled by the ports on the switch.
158 Error Frames Received Number of frames received (by the CPU) that were corrupted or have CRC errors. Frames Lost Number of frames dropped (by the CPU) due to exceeding the capacity of the software buffers. Pending Send Requests Number of software transmitted packets that are waiting for queues to hardware. Currently Active Stations Number of entries in the address table, representing the number of currently active stations (MAC addresses), or nodes, on all ports of the SmartStack STS16-20D/ STS16-20R.
159 Power Supply Information Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Power Supply Information. This screen displays information about any installed internal or external power supplies.
160 Port Status Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Status. The Port Status screen provides a summary of the status of all Token Ring ports. Port The port number. CRF The name of the CRF to which the port is assigned. BRF The name of the BRF to which the port is assigned. Enabled Displays the current enabled status of the port. Possible values are Yes and No. Ins Indicates if the port is currently inserted into the ring. Possible values are Yes and No.
161 Oper Mode The port operation mode. Possible values are: • HDX port—Half-duplex mode in which only a dedicated connection to a station is supported. The Tx/Rx pinouts are the same as a concentrator’s. • HDX station—Half-duplex mode in which the port operates like a station. The connection may be dedicated or shared. The Tx/Rx pinouts are the same as an adapter’s. • FDX port—Full-duplex mode in which only a dedicated connection to a station is supported.
162 Port Statistics Menu To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Status. The Port Statistics menu provides access to statistical information for any particular port. To enter the menu, you must first enter a port number. The screens you can access from this menu are described on the following pages.
163 General Statistics Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Statistics. 2. Enter a port number. 3. Select General Statistics... Use this screen to view detailed information about a particular port. Frames Forwarded Number of frames forwarded by the port, excluding those delivered to the host CPU system software for processing, or to a monitoring port. NSR Frames Forwarded Number of non-source-routed frames forwarded by the port.
164 MAC Frames Forwarded Number of MAC layer frames forwarded by the port. Note that MAC frames are not forwarded to other ports, only to the CPU. Frames Processed Number of frames received on this port and delivered to the host CPU system software for processing. Frames Unknown Frames processed by the host CPU system software that contained an unknown source or destination address. Frames Transmitted Total number of frames transmitted by this port.
165 Address Chain Overflows Number of address table chain overflows. An overflow will result in an address being deleted from the address table, which means a decrease in performance. Address Table Overflows Number of address tables overflows. An overflow will result in an address being deleted from the address table, which means a decrease in performance. Frame Errors Total number of frames received or transmitted by/from this port with an error.
166 Ring Number Mismatch Indicates the number of times that an incoming frame did not correctly include the port’s ring number. That is, the ring number of the port must be the last, if it is an explorer frame. Note that the switch performs a ring number test when the topology of the network changes. At that time the port might be disabled. Config Loss Number of configuration loss events after the port has completed the join process and then lost communication.
167 802.5 Statistics Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Statistics. 2. Enter a port number. Select 802.5 Statistics... Line Errors This counter is incremented when a frame or token is copied or repeated by a station, the E bit is zero in the frame or token, and one of the following conditions exists: 1. There is a non-data bit (J or K bit) between the SD and the ED of the frame or token. OR 2. There is an FCS error in the frame.
168 the destination address and copied the frame, and then receives another SMP frame in which both the address recognized bit and the frame copied bit are set to 0 without first receiving an AMP frame. This condition indicates a station that cannot set the address recognized and the frame copied bits properly. Abort Transmit Errors This counter is incremented when a station transmits an abort delimiter while transmitting.
169 Transmit Beacons The number of times this port has transmitted a beacon frame. Recoveries The number of Claim Token MAC frames received or transmitted after the port has received a Ring Purge MAC frame. This counter signifies the number of times the ring has been purged and is being recovered back into a normal operating state. Lobe Wires The number of times the port has detected an open or short circuit in the lobe data path. The adapter will be closed and Ring State will signify this condition.
170 802.5 State Information Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Statistics. 2. Enter a port number. Select 802.5 State Information... Ring Status The current port status on the ring. This could be used to diagnose fluctuating problems that can occur on token rings, after a station has successfully been added to the ring.
171 attempt to enter the ring. Possible values are: No Open, Lobe Failed, Signal Loss, Insertion Timeout, Ring Failed, Beaconing, Duplicate MAC Address, Request Failed, Remove Received, Open. Ring Speed Next Open Indicates the ring speed that will be attempted at the next open. Possible values are: Unknown, 4 Mbps, 16 Mbps. Unknown can indicate that the port will attempt to auto insert into the ring. Upstream Neighbor The MAC address of the upstream neighbor station in the ring.
172 802.5 DTR MAC Information Menu To open this screen, do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Statistics. 2. Enter a port number. 3. Select 802.5 DTR MAC Information... The 802.5 DTR MAC Information menu provides access to the appropriate DTR information screen. TXI Information... Displays the TXI Information screen. Station-CPort Information... Displays the Station-CPort Information screen.
173 TXI Information Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Statistics. 2. Enter a port number. 3. Select 802.5 DTR MAC Information... 4. Select TXI Information... This screen provides information about IEEE 802.5 DTR MAC TXI. Authorized Function Classes Functional classes that a node is enabled to transmit. This field displays the value set by the Authorized Function Classes subvector X'06' of the Change Parameters MAC frame.
174 Initialize Station MAC frame. Valid range is from 0x00000000 to 0xFFFFFFFF. Join State This field displays the present state of the Join FSM. Possible values are Not Specified, Bypass, Registration, Lobe Test, Dup Addr Check, Dup Addr Det, Join Complete and Await Notify. Monitor State This field displays the present state of the Monitor FSM. Possible values are Not Specified, Operational, Transmit Beacon, Wire Fault Delay and Int Test Wait.
175 Station-CPort Information Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. Starting from the main menu, select Statistics → Port Statistics. 2. Enter a port number. 3. Select 802.5 DTR MAC Information... 4. Select Station-CPort Information. Station Requested Access Protocol Protocol requested for station access. This field displays the value of the Access Protocol Request subvector X'0E' transmitted in the Registration Request MAC frame. Possible values are TXI and TKP.
176 It indicates the value of the SPV(PD) variable and the value of the Phantom subvector X'0C' used in the Registration Request MAC frame. This field will always display Ph Drv+Wire Fault for Phantom Drive and Wire Fault support. CPort Phantom Drive Mask This field displays the value of the C-Port policy variable PPV(PD_MASK). It represents the Phantom Drive and Wire Fault detection methods supported by the C-Port. Possible values are RI-RO and Not RI-RO.
177 Address Tables Menu To open this menu from the main menu, select Statistics → Address Tables. Use this menu to select which address table statistics you want to view. The following pages describes the screens you access from this menu.
178 Master Address Table Screen To open this menu from the main menu, select Statistics → Address Tables → Master Address Table. This screen contains MAC addresses of all the ports known to the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. The table can contain up to 10,000 entries memory. See a detailed description of MAC addresses on page 81. Address MAC address of a node.
179 • Known- Port — A known address on port nn. The port number “nn” can be followed by SRT which means that the address is known as source of frames that shall be switched using the SRT switching mode. If a BRF is configured for SRT/SRB mode, a MAC address can be known both as an SRT address and as an SRB address. — can be: TR—The address is known at the specified Token-Ring port.
180 — • • Present on all ports. Broadcast — One of the token-ring broadcast addresses. — Present on all ports. STP Port — The MAC Address of port nn Ports The ports whose address tables include this MAC address. Ports that have a filter for this address are highlighted. More Refreshes a one-page table or displays subsequent entries on a larger table.
181 Route (hex) The route descriptor triplet: My ring number.Bridge Number.Distant ring. This field will always have the format ###.#.### (displayed in hexadecimal). Ring numbers are in the range 001–FFF, bridge numbers are in the range 0–F. Type The Type column of the Master Route Descriptor Table can contain the following types: • Known- Port : — A known route descriptor (bridge) on Port nn. — can be: TR— The route descriptor is known at the specified Token-Ring port.
182 VLAN Address Table Screen To open this menu, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Statistics → Address Tables. 2. Select VLAN Address Table. 3. Select a CRF, when prompted. The VLAN Address Table screen appears. For a description of the fields and their meanings, see the section “Master Address Table Screen” on page 178.
183 VLAN Route Descriptor Table Screen To open this menu, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Statistics → Address Tables. 2. Select VLAN Route Descriptor Table. 3. Select a CRF, when prompted. The VLAN Route Descriptor Table appears. For a description of the fields and their meaning, see the section “Master Route Descriptor Table Screen” on page 180 above.
184 Locate MAC Address Screen To open this menu, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Statistics → Address Tables. Select Locate MAC Address. Enter a MAC address. The switch software will then try to locate the box and port that have seen it as a source address. Use this screen to locate a computer in the network. MAC Address The MAC address of the a computer on the network. Type in the address you want to locate. Box The stack number of the switch on which the MAC address is recognized.
185 Current Spanning Tree Information Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Current Spanning Tree Information. Use the Current Spanning Tree Information screens to view a summary of all STP information for each port. Information on this screen cannot be changed. When the STP is turned off—that is, you have selected No for the Participate in Spanning Tree prompt (at the Configuration menus)—this menu will only display the headers with no information below them.
186 Hello Time Time (in seconds) that the root waits between sending configuration messages. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning tree network. Max Message Age Time at which the configuration message used by the spanning tree algorithm should be discarded. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning tree network.
187 • • A CRF that does not connect to other switches or bridges is always forwarding. When the switch is booted, all CRFs are blocked initially, and then some of them change to a different state: listening, learning, and forwarding, in that order.
188 Current Spanning Tree Information for a CRF Screen To open this screen, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Statistics → Current Spanning Tree Information. 2. Select CRF-Spanning-Tree. Select a CRF, when prompted. This screen displays the spanning tree parameters for a CRF that belongs to the currently selected BRF. The following information is displayed on this screen: Bridge ID Priority and MAC address of this bridge. Root ID Priority and MAC address of the root bridge.
189 Hello Time Time (in seconds) that the root waits between sending configuration messages. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning-tree network. Max Message Age Time at which the configuration message used by the spanning tree algorithm should be discarded. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning tree network.
190 Dsg SwId/BrId (Designated Bridge ID) A unique bridge identifier of the bridge that is assumed to be the device through which this port has determined it must communicate with the root of the spanning tree. Dsg PId (Designated Port Identifier) Port on the designated bridge through which this switch will communicate with the root of the spanning tree. This information is useful if the switch is the designated bridge on one or more network segments.
191 VLAN Statistics If you select VLAN Statistics, you will be prompted for a VLAN type. On selection of the VLAN type, a screen will be displayed listing available VLANs and prompting for a selection. Following your selection, the CRF or BRF VLAN Statistics screen will be displayed. VLAN Statistics Screen for CRF To open the VLAN Statistics screen for CRF, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Statistics → VLAN Statistics. 2. You will be prompted for a VLAN type. Select CRF. 3. Select a CRF.
192 Ports List of ports that belong to this CRF. VLAN Statistics for BRF Screen To open the VLAN Statistics screen for BRF, do the following: 1. From the main menu, select Statistics → VLAN Statistics. 2. You will be prompted for a VLAN type. Select BRF. 3. The VLAN Statistics Screen for BRF appears. Currently Active Stations Number of MAC addresses currently in the master address table that are recognized as ports belonging to this VLAN.
193 DSRR Status Screens You access the DSRR related status screens by selecting by selecting Statistics → DSRR Status. This section contains information on the specific screens. DSRR Status Tables Screen Open this menu from the main menu by selecting Statistics → DSRR Status: Select View Neighbor or View Backup to view status tables for a group. You will be prompted for the Index (Ix) value of the DSRR group. The table screen will then appear.
194 DSRR Neighbor Table Screen Open this screen from the main menu by selecting Statistics → DSRR Status. Then select View Neighbor. You will be prompted for the Index (Ix) value of the group, then the screen will appear. This screen contains a one-page entry for each switch currently participating in the Redundancy Group, including the one on the console of which the values are displayed.
195 DSRR Acting as Backup Table Screen Open this menu from the main menu by selecting Statistics → DSRR Status. Then select View Backup. You will be prompted for the Index (Ix) value of the group, then the screen will appear. This screen contains an entry for each switch for which the local switch is presently acting as active backup. The items on the screen are described.
196 Diagnostic Test Results Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Diagnostic Test Results. (If a prompt appears, enter the box number you want to view). The Diagnostic Test Results screen is a list showing whether errors or a specific diagnostic test has failed at a specified box (switch). The data that is shown on this screen is for monitoring information only, and is meant for network personnel experienced with this type of information.
197 Message Log Information Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Message Log Information. The data on this screen is useful to technical experts in solving complex problems. The message log will be preserved through resets, but will be cleared after a configuration download. The messages in the log can also be send to a syslog receiver see page 139 in Chapter 6, “Switch Configuration”.
198 Back Shows the previous screen (if any). Start/End Move to the first or last page. Clear Clear all messages.
199 Display Summary Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Statistics → Display Summary. This screen gives access to the most important switch configuration parameters in a summary form. The information is suitable for saving to an ASCII file by means of a capture function in the terminal emulation program used.
200 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Monitoring the Network from the Console Statistics Menu
201 8. Monitoring the Network with SNMP This chapter explains how to monitor the SmartStack STS16-20D Token Ring Switch and the SmartStack STS16-20R Token Ring Switch from a network management system using an application that supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The following topics are described in this chapter: • • • SNMP setup IP configuration SNMP configuration SNMP Setup 1.
202 SNMP Configuration Use the SNMP Configuration screen and all of its submenus to configure specific attributes related to SNMP. SNMP Configuration Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → SNMP Configuration. Send Authentication Traps Indicates whether SNMP should issue an authentication trap to trap receivers whenever an unauthorized request is detected, that is, a read- or write-attempt with the wrong community name.
203 SNMP over MAC... Enables or disables SNMP transport over the MAC protocol. The SNMP over MAC protocol is used by the ClearSight management application. Note that the switch will not send SNMP traps using SNMP over MAC protocol. Default is Enabled. Community Strings... A community defined as a relationship between an SNMP agent and one or more SNMP managers. Up to five different communities of 1—16 characters each can be stored in the switch. Entries in the table are saved across resets and power cycles.
204 Entries are displayed in the order in which they are encountered. There is a limit of five community strings. Community string table entries are saved when you select Return. Index Sequential number of entries in the table. Community Name Name, or password, used to identify the SNMP managers. ➽ Note: Community names are case sensitive. Mode The privilege level assigned to this name. Read specifies that SNMP managers can only view SNMP information.
205 Trap Receivers Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → SNMP Configuration → Trap Receivers. Trap receiver tables tell the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R where to send traps. The table contains the IP address associated with an SNMP trap manager. The Trap receiver table contains a maximum of 20 entries. It is redisplayed each time the table changes. Trap receiver table entries are saved when you select Return. Index Sequential number of entries in the table.
206 Add Entry Adds a new entry to the trap receiver table. Delete Entry Deletes an entry from the trap receiver table. Change Entry Modifies an entry in the trap receiver table. Clear Table Deletes all table entries. Zoom Displays the complete list of BRFs assigned to an IP address. List of Supported Traps from a STS16-20D/STS16-20R General traps The coldStart Trap A coldStart trap signifies that the sending protocol entity is (re)initializing itself.
207 An authenticationFailure trap signifies that the sending protocol entity is the addressee of a protocol message that is not properly authenticated. Enterprise specific traps - from STS16.MIB STS16StackCfgChange This trap is generated when there is a change in the stack configuration, that is, when either a new switch is added to the stack or a switch leaves a stack. STS16NumSwitches indicates the current number of switches which are part of the stack.
208 STS16DuplicateBridge This trap is generated when a duplicated bridge number is detected on a port in a CRF. STS16RingNumberMismatch This trap is generated when a mismatch in ring numbers is detected on a port in a CRF. Traps for the Spanning Tree Protocol STS16TrCRFNewRoot This trap is a CRF specific version of the newRoot trap as described in RFC1493.
209 This trap is sent when one of the links in an CrossLink fail. The variable STS16CLPorts contains the ports which are operational in the CrossLink. ➽ Note: On SmartStack STS16-20D only ports 17 to 20 allow CrossLinks to be configured.
210 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Monitoring the Network with SNMP
211 9. Monitoring Port Traffic The SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R allows you to configure a Switched Port Analyzer function for monitoring traffic on a port. An analyzer port is a port on which an external probe can observe traffic from any other port, that is a monitored port. The monitoring function is does not interfere in any way with the normal traffic flow in the switch. The external probe (for example, a protocol analyzer) is not supplied with the switch.
212 will receive all the traffic (including MAC frames). If the monitored port is in FDX mode, only half the traffic will be received on the analyzer port. ➽ Note! A special probe is needed for using the passive monitoring feature. Since MAC frames are copied from the monitored port and since the analyzer port does not itself run the MAC protocol, the probe must be able to attach to the switch without trying to insert by means of the MAC protocol.
213 Switched Port Analyzer Screen To open this screen from the main menu, select Configuration → Switched Port Analyzer. The following information is displayed on this screen: Analyzer Port Number The port to which the network analyzer or probe will be attached. ➽ Note: This port should be assigned to its own CRF. For information about assigning ports to a CRF, see “VLAN Configuration” on page 86. Monitored Port Number The port that will be monitored.
214 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Monitoring Port Traffic
215 10. Troubleshooting This chapter contains procedures that help you troubleshoot problems with a switch and its connections to other devices. Obtaining Service There are no serviceable parts inside the SmartStack STS16-20D/Sys16-20R. Do not remove the cover for any reason. If you think your switch requires service, please contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support. Please refer to Chapter 11, “Getting in Touch with Technical Support” for instructions.
216 4. In Table 15, locate the symptom that best describes the communication problem and the LED pattern you observed. Then, go to the section that contains the recommended actions for resolving the problem and follow that procedure. Choosing a Troubleshooting Procedure Use Table 15 to determine which troubleshooting procedure you should use. For a description of the status LEDs and their meanings, see “Status and Activity LEDs” on page 7. Symptom and LED State Go To: All of the LEDs are off.
217 2. Reset the switch by disconnecting the power cord, waiting 10 seconds, and then reconnecting it to the electrical outlet. If the problem goes away, resume using the switch. 3. If you have just downloaded new microcode, clear NVRAM and reset the switch using the instructions in “Reset Screen” on page 152. ➽ Note: Clearing NVRAM returns all configuration parameters to their default values. If the problem is corrected, resume using the switch. 4.
218 — If the port INSRT LED is off, the port is probably disabled. Check that the port configuration matches the attached device, and then go to Step 3. 2. If the INSRT LED on the failing port is on, and the attached device still cannot communicate: — If the attached device is directly connected, it might be set up incorrectly. Go to step 4. — In a shared environment, check the segment cabling and the media access unit. — If problem persists, try another identically configured port on the switch.
219 ➽ Note: If a switch port is configured to “speed auto sense” mode, and is connected to shared-media where there are no active stations, the port will not open until another station becomes active and sets the ring speed. If necessary, this can be avoided by configuring the port to “fixed speed” mode. 6. For each device that is having a communication problem, connect its segment to another token-ring port on the switch. Try each of the remaining ports to determine whether the problem will go away.
220 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Troubleshooting
221 11. Getting in Touch with Technical Support For additional support related to this device or document, contact Cabletron Systems using one of the following methods: World Wide Web http://www.cabletron.com/ Phone (603) 332-9400 Internet mail support@cabletron.com FTP ftp://ftp.cabletron.
222 Problem Report Form Fill in both sides of this Problem Report Form, print out the relevant system configuration files and fax or mail to Cabletron Systems Technical Support. You can also fill in and send a Problem Report Form from Cabletron Systems’s web site on the Internet.
223 Problem Description Network Installation Sketch ❏ Getting in Touch with Technical Support SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide
224 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Getting in Touch with Technical Support
225 Appendix A.
226 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers LAA Local Administrated Address LAN Local Area Network LAM Lobe Attachment Module LED Light Emitting Diode LLC Logical Link Control LRN Learning LSN Listening MAC Media Access Control MAU Media Access Unit Mbps Megabits per second MIB Management Information Base MMF Multi-Mode Fiber MTU Maximum Transfer Unit NMS Network Management System NNM Network Node Manager NSR Non Source-Routed OBM Out-of-Band Management PRO
227 SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SPAN Switched Port Analyzer SRB Source Route Bridging SRS Source Route Switching SRT Source Route Transparent Bridging SSIM SmartStack Interface Module STE Spanning Tree Explorer STP Shielded Twisted Pair or Spanning Tree Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TIA Telecommunications Industry Association TKP Token Passing TrBRF Token Ring Bridge R
228 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Abbreviations
229 Appendix B. Cable and Pin Information This appendix provides information on cables that can be used with the SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R. It also provides minimum pin-out information to be used to verify that the cables are correctly wired. Connecting to the Out-of-Band Management Port Table 16 lists the type of cables that are used when connecting to the OBM port (labeled MANAGEMENT) on the front panel of the switch.
230 Management Port Pin-Out Pin Signal Name Shell CHS GND 3 TXD 2 RXD 7 RTS 8 CTS 6 DSR 5 SIG GND 1 DCD 4 DTR 9 RI Table 17. Pin-out of the Management Port TIA/EIA-232 Modem Cable Connections Use a standard straight-through modem cable to connect the switch’s MANAGEMENT port to a modem. TIA/EIA-232 Null-Modem Connections Use a null-modem (crossover) cable shown in Figure 28 to connect the MANAGEMENT port to a terminal (DTE) with a 25-pin connector.
231 Figure 28. TIA/EIA-232 Null-Modem Cable for 25-pin Connector Use a null-modem (crossover) cable shown in Figure 29 to connect the MANAGEMENT port to a terminal (DTE) with a 9-pin connector. Alternatively, you can use a modem cable and a null-modem adapter. DTR (pin 4) and RTS (pin 7) must be on, or high, on your terminal or in your terminal emulation program. Figure 29.
232 Twisted-Pair Cable Pin Outs When connecting devices to the token-ring ports on the switch, you must use a straight-through cable. Diagrams of these cables follow. Straight-Through 100-Ohm/120-Ohm Cable The switch RJ-45 connector makes ground available on the shield and on pins 1, 2, 7, and 8. Shielded cables will provide continuity for ground to any shielded connector on the other end of the cable. Figure 30.
233 Cabling Recommendations The tables in this section contain the maximum supported lobe lengths. The maximum lengths reflect the longest lengths supported by the transmission characteristics of IEEE 802.5-compliant adapters. The recommended distances for the various cable types are set by North American and international commercial building wiring standards.
234 if using any 4 Mbps only adapters or filters). Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for Dedicated-Media LAN Segments The Cabletron Systems Token Ring network dedicated-media (full-duplex) connections support only one attached entity (workstation or switch) per connection. In a Token Ring network, the section of cable that attaches a device to an access unit is called a lobe. The tables in this section specify the maximum supported lobe lengths for the types of cables listed.
235 Ring Speed 100 or 120 Ohm Category 4 100 or 120 Ohm Category 5 4 Mbps 350 m (1148 ft) 350 m (1148 ft) 16 Mbps 200 m (656 ft) 200 m (656 ft) 100 Mbps Not Supported 90 m (295 ft) Table 21. Lobe Lengths for 100 or 120 Ohm Shielded or Unshielded Cable Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for Shared-Media LAN Segments The types of cables that can be used in shared-media segments (half-duplex) are the same as those described for dedicated-media segments on page 234.
236 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Cable and Pin Information
index-1 Index Numerics 802.5 17 802.5 DTR MAC Information menu 172 802.5 State Information screen 170 802.
index-2 Download/Upload menu 147 DSAP 225 DSRR 32, 33, 34 DSRR Acting as Backup Table screen 195 DSRR configuration 141 DSRR Configuration screen 144 DSRR Group Configuration screen 143 DSRR Neighbour Table screen 194 DSRR status 193 DSRR Status Tables screen 193 DTE 225 DTR 225 Dynamic Source Route Recovery 32, 33, 34 acting as backup table 195 neighbour table screen 194 E electrical safety guidelines 41 electrostatic discharge 42 environmental recommendations 43 EPROM 225 ESD 225 ESD (Electro-Static Disc
index-3 Filters and Port Security 117 navigation 77 Password 130 Protocol Filters 122 Statistics 156 VLAN Configuration 87 Message Log Information screen 197 MIB 226 modem creating a console session 134 modem cable connections 230 Module Information screen 84 monitoring port traffic 211 monitoring the network 155 mounting instructions 58 MTU 226 multicast packets 18 multiple 18, 21 multiple conversations 18 N network management console connecting 69 network management system 201 NMS 226 NSR 226 null-modem
index-4 Master Address Table Aging 129 Master Route Descriptor Table 180 Message Log Information 197 Module Information 84 Port Address Table Aging 127 Port Configuration 106 Port Filtering Attributes 124 Port Spanning Tree Parameters 104 Port Status 160 Power Supply Information Screen 159 Protocol Class Assignement 123 Reset 152 Serial Link Configuration 133 Serial Link Download 148 SNMP Configuration 202 Spanning Tree for CRF 101 Stack Configuration 83 Station-Cport Information 175 Switch Configuration 80
index-5 T table mounting 59 TCP/IP 227 Technical Support 221 Telnet Configuration screen 135 Telnet Management 36 Telnet session starting 137 stopping 137 Telnet Sessions 132 Telnet Sessions screen 136 terminal emulation program on console TFTP 227 TFTP Download/Upload screen 150 TKP 227 Token Passing 26 token-ring bandwidth 2 Token-Ring Port operation modes 26 Token-Ring ports 5 tools 57 Transmission Priority Queues 28 Trap Receivers screen 205 trap tables 86 TrBRF 227 TrCrf 227 troubleshooting 215 troubl
index-6 SmartStack STS16-20D/STS16-20R Token Ring Switches Installation and User Guide Index
* 710001812*
