FRAME MASTER ® II Film/Video Calculator CALCULATED INDUSTRIES ® HRS 30 DF MIN FRAME MASTER II ® SEC Off FRM On/C ∆% H:M:S Dec % Cust fps Prefs 25 PAL Cus TC Frms B Adj fps Sub In Out Dur Sum Conv 7 8 9 ÷ Stor 4 5 6 + Stop Watch/Timer Go/Stop Mark 16mm 35mm 30 NDF 30 DF A Sync Film Time Code Rem AC Clr Mem Rcl 1 2 3 : 0 • + +/– Rate = – User’s Guide CALCULATED INDUSTRIES ® We put answers at your fingertips
Table of Contents Getting Started NTSC (“SMPTE”) Time Code . . . .4 Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Power On & Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Key Definitions/Functions . . . . . .10 Basic Math Operations . . . . . . . . .20 Memory Functions . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Using the Frame Master ® II Entering Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Math Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 In/Out/Duration Points . . . . . . . .
Introducing Frame Master ® II The Frame Master ® II is designed to simplify calculations and conversions for Film, Time Code, and Real-Time. It features: ◆ Complete conversions between Film, Time and Time Code formats. ◆ Adds, Subtracts, Multiplies and Divides Film, Time Code and RealTime (H:M:S) units. ◆ Automatic In/Out/Duration calculations for editing and EDL’s. ◆ Custom settings for Film Speed, Film Frames, and Time Code.
GETTING STARTED NTSC (“SMPTE”) Time Code There are two types of NTSC 30 framesper-second (fps) time code commonly used in North America and Japan: NonDrop Frame (30NDF) and Drop Frame (30DF). These time codes are both different than real clock time since they typically run at a reference rate of 59.94 Hz rather than true clock rate of 60 Hz: Since each video frame is composed of 2 interlaced fields, the NTSC signal translates to 59.94 fields per second, which, when divided by 2 fields per frame, yields 29.
Drop Frame Time Code Drop Frame time code was developed to compensate for the error between 30 NDF time code and 29.97 NTSC signal speed. In Drop Frame, the first two frame numbers (:00 and :01) are dropped at the start of each minute, except for minutes ending in zero (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50). In one “hour” of Drop Frame time code, this amounts to 108 frames (54 x 2 =108) skipped, or about 3.6 seconds of real-time.
Other Time Codes The Frame Master II also contains two other Time Code modes: (a) 25 fps (PAL/SECAM) and (b) Custom Time Code, which can be set to any speed from 1-100 fps (the default setting is “true” clock-accurate 30 fps — i.e., 30 fps referenced to 60 Hz). Note: Both these are “true” speeds in that they need no adjustments to synchronize them to real-time.
(2) Frame Rate to Frame Rate — Conversions are based on the respective frame rates at ratio of those frame rates (i.e., theatrical film shot at 24 fps to NTSC video running at 30 fps, referenced to 59.94 Hz or 60 Hz, depending on the selected Hz reference; if referenced to 59.94, the film speed will be slowed down to 23.976 for an even frame conversion). This conversion will result in more or less frames converted, such as happens with a “3:2 PullDown.
NTSC/NTSC Frame to Frame. NTSC/Film Rate to Rate. NTSC/PAL Time-based. Film/PAL Frame to Frame. Film/Cust TC Frame to Frame. PAL/Cust TC Frame to Frame. Film/Film Frame to Frame. All conversion to real time (H:M:S) are, of course, time-based. Special Note to Users of the Original Frame Master/Plus Calculators If you use or used the original Frame Master/Frame Master ® Plus, the conversions you get on this new model will differ substantially.
Power On & Off Turn the calculator on by pressing the [On/C] key. To turn it off, press the [Off] key. Auto Shut-Off The calculator will turn itself off if it is not used within 8-10 minutes, except when the Stop-Watch/Timer is active. (1) When the Stop-Watch/Timer is counting up, the calculator will shut off after 8 hours if you have not used it during that time. This will vary slightly if you’re timing in non-real time modes such as NTSC Time Code.
Key Definitions/Functions FRAME MASTER II ® Off On/C ∆% Stop Watch/Timer H:M:S Dec % Cust fps Prefs 25 PAL Cus TC Frms B Adj fps Sub In Out Dur Sum Conv 7 8 9 Stor 4 5 6 Go/Stop Mark 16mm 35mm 30 NDF 30 DF A Sync Film Time Code Rem ÷ + AC [+] [–] [x] [÷] [=] Arithmetic operation keys. [%] Four-function percent key. [0] – [9] Digits used for entering numbers. [•] Decimal point. [Off] — Off Key Turns all power off.
[On/C] — On/Clear Key Turns power on. If on, pressing once clears the last entry and the display. Pressing twice clears all temporary registers. [Conv] — Convert Key Used with the Mode keys to convert between Modes. Also used to access special 2nd functions. [Rcl] — Recall Key Recalls values stored in any register. Press [Rcl] and then the key you wish to display the value of. For example, [Rcl] [fps] displays the value stored for film speed.
[H:M:S]— Hours/Minutes/Seconds Used for two functions: (1) to establish a “real-clock-time” mode for entering and calculating real time (H:M:S – hours, minutes, seconds); (2) to convert a time code, film footage or frame value to real time. [Frms] — Frames Enters a frame value or converts (when used with the [Conv] key) a displayed time code or film footage value to a decimal frame value. [Dec] — Decimal Math Mode Toggles the calculator to decimal math mode and clears the display to “0.
[Out] — Out key Enters or calculates the end point. Calculates the “out” ending point based on the values in the [Dur] and [In] registers. (Note: This calculator uses “EDL” or ”exclusive” formats for the Out point — that is, Out is not considered part of the duration, rather the start of the next edit.) [Dur] — Duration key Enters or calculates the duration. Calculates the “duration” value based on the values in the [In] and [Out] registers. [Sum] — Sum key Used for accumulating values.
[30 NDF] — 30 Non-Drop-Frame Time Code Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate NTSC 30 NDF Time Code; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code (other than 30 NDF), film footage or frame value to NTSC 30 Non-Drop Frame Time Code (H:M:S:F). While normally referenced to 59.94 Hz, your calculator can be set to reference 30 NDF time code at 60 Hz.
[25 PAL] — PAL/SECAM 25 FPS Time Code Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate PAL/SECAM 25 FPS Time Code; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real-time, time code (other than 25 FPS), film footage or frame value to PAL/ SECAM 25 FPS time code.
[35mm] — 35mm Film key Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate 35mm film; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code, or decimal frame value to 35mm film. (Standard = 16 frames/foot.) [CusFilm] — Custom fps Used for two functions: (1) to enter a custom feet-frames; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code, film footage or frame value to the Custom Film setting. (Standard = 24 frames/foot.
Stop-Watch Timer Keys [Go/Stop] — Timer Go/Stop Activates the Stop-Watch/Timer. If Timer is not counting: First press displays the stopped timer (blank timer or timer with time value displayed). At this point, you may enter a time-related value. Second press starts the timer. Third press stops the timer. Fourth press re-starts the timer. Subsequent presses switch between stopping and starting the timer.
[Mark] scrolls through the marked points which can be stored to Memory, used with In/Out/Duration or operated on using the calculator’s math functions. Special Functions Using [Conv] [Conv] [Mark] — Marks Reverse Order Scrolls through mark points in reverse order. [Conv] [Prefs] — Prefs Reverse Order Scrolls through Preferences in reverse order. [Conv] [Sum] — “Subtract” Stores the displayed value as a negative sum value — i.e., subtract it.
[Conv] [+] — Clear All Memory Clears all values stored in Memory locations 0-9. [Conv] [%] — Delta Percent Function Calculates the percentage difference between two numbers. [Conv] [Dur] — Fill to Fit Function Finds adjusted multiplier and film fps needed to fit segment (A) into time period (B). Press 1 displays multiplier. Press 2 displays adjusted fps (multiplier * film fps).
Basic Math Operations Your calculator uses standard chaining logic which simply means that you enter your first value, the operator (+, –, x, ÷), the second value and then the equals sign (=). Enter Decimal Mode — [Dec] A. 3 [+] 2 [=] 5 B. 3 [–] 2 [=] 1 C. 3 [x] 2 [=] 6 D. 3 [÷] 2 [=] 1.5 You can also do math calculations using time, time code or film values. See “Math Operations/Conversions.
Delta Percent Function ([Conv] [ %]) The Delta Percent function finds the percent change between two values as a percent of the first value. You must press the equals key [=] to complete this calculation. 10 100 [Conv] [%] [Conv] [%] 15 25 [=] 50. [=] –75. Memory Functions The Frame Master II can store and recall up to 10 separate, non-accumulating memory values. You can store values in any format (frames, film footages, time codes, real time). Function Store value in memory Recall value in mem.
Example: Using memory to store a value Steps Enter into memory 1 Recall mem. 1 Replace mem. 1 Recall mem. 1 Clear mem. 1 Keystrokes Display 355 [Stor] 1 M-1 355. [Rcl] 1 M-1 355. [H:M:S] 25[:] [Stor] [1] M-1 0:25:00 [Rcl] 1 M-1 0:25:00 [Dec] 0 [Stor] 1 M-1 0. Example: Storing time code in memory Steps Select time code Enter value & store Recall mem.
Preferences The Frame Master II includes a special preferences function that allows you to customize the calculator for your specific needs or special situations. To access the preferences function, simply press the [Prefs] key. Successive presses of that key will scroll the various options which may be altered. 1 – NTSC Reference (59.94 Hz/60 Hz) 2 – Timer Format • Real Time (1 dec. place) • Real Time (2 dec. places) • 30 NDF Time Code* (59.94/60 Hz) • 30 DF Time Code* (59.
How to use the Preferences function (1) Enter preferences mode: Steps Clear calc. Keystrokes [On/C] [On/C] [Prefs] Display 0. NTSC 59.94 (2) Scroll to type of preference you wish to change by pressing [Prefs] successively: Steps Keystrokes [Prefs] [Prefs] Display TMR 0:00:00.0 BUZZ ON (3)Toggle preference by pressing [+] or [–] keys: Steps Keystrokes [+] [+] [–] [–] Display BUZZ OFF BUZZ ON BUZZ OFF BUZZ ON (4)Press any other key to exit preferences mode.
USING THE FRAME MASTER II Entering Values Before you begin entering values, you must first select a mode: ■ Time Code [30 DF] [30 NDF] [25 PAL], [CusTC]; ■ Real-time [H:M:S]; ■ Film ■ Frames [16mm] [35mm] [CusFilm] [Frms] — To enter frames, you first press the time code or film key to establish the type of frames you’re using. You can enter values in either of two ways: Auto-Entry or Colon Entry.
separate the different elements such as hours, minutes, seconds, frames, and feet-frames. However, this is generally unnecessary except as a means of entering zeroes in slotted locations. Example: Using “Auto-Entry” To use auto-entry to enter a 30 Drop Frame time code of 5:08:06:11, you would press: [On/C] [On/C] [30DF] 5 0 8 0 6 1 1 Note that you need to specifically enter zeroes in front of the 8 and 6.
Entering Time and Time Code Units To enter only hours or only minutes, etc., use the colon key to skip to the next time unit. For example, you would press [On/C] [On/C] [H:M:S] 3 [:] [:] 2 to enter a value of 3 hours and 2 seconds (remember to press a time code or the real-time key first, if necessary). You can enter decimal seconds in real time mode [H:M:S] only (for example, pressing 2 [.] 32 enters 2.32 seconds).
Entering Film Values To enter film values, select a film mode then use auto-entry or the colon key. If you want to work in frames only, select your film mode then press the [Frames] key. Example: Adding 16mm Film Footages Add the following in 16mm film mode: ■ 350 Feet 10 Frames ■ 575 Feet 15 Frames ■ 152 Feet 05 Frames Step Clear calc. Set 16mm mode Enter 1st amount Add 2nd amount Add 3rd amount Keystrokes [On/C] [On/C] [16mm] 35010 [+] 57515 [+] 152 [:] 5 [=] Display 0.
Math Operations For basic decimal math operations, see the beginning of this guide. For realtime, video time code and film math calculations and conversions, the following rules apply: (1) You can add, subtract, or divide between all formats. (2) You can multiply a formatted value by a unit-less number. (3) Conversions between film and NTSC time code are based on 3:2 PullDown at a ratio of 24:30 and adjusted for 0.1% speed difference if referenced to 59.94 Hz.
Converting Values (1) Clear calculator and select the time code or film mode you want to use. [On/C] [On/C] [30 NDF] (2) Enter the film or time code value you want to convert. 4 [:] 42 [:] 11 [:] 1 (3) Press the [Conv] key, then the time code or film key you want to convert this value to. [Conv] [30 DF] answer: 4:42:27:29 Example: Add & Convert Time Code Add 1 hr 15 mins 25 secs 10 frms + 3 mins 23 secs. 0 Frms Then convert to other formats. Steps Clear calc.
Example: Convert Film Footages Convert 5:04 feet-frames of 16mm film to other formats. Steps Clear calc. Enter value Conv. to frames Conv to 30 NDF Keystrokes Display [On/C] [On/C] 0. [16mm] 5 [:] 4 5:04 [Conv] [Frms] 204. [Conv] [30 NDF] 0:00:08:15 Example: Add & Convert Mixed Formats While not recommended, it is possible to add values of differing formats, such as the following: ■ 0:02:30 H:M:S (real time); ■ 1:15:25:10 30 DF Time Code; ■ 0:3:23:00 30 NDF Time Code; Steps Clear calc.
In/Out/Duration Points The [In], [Out] and [Dur] (duration) keys can calculate the starting and ending points as well as the amount of time in between. Once you’ve put in two of the factors, you can solve for the third. (Note: The Out point is not included in the duration calculation.) Calculating In/Out/Duration Points (1) Select the time or time code mode that you want to use and enter a value. If you have a value already displayed, skip to step 2.
Example: Finding Duration Find the elapsed time (duration) from the information below using 30 NDF. In 1:03:00:24 Out: 1:27:13:12 Step Clear calc. Set 30NDF Enter “in” Point Keystrokes [On/C] [On/C] [30 NDF] 1 [:] 3 [:] [:] 24 [In] Enter “Out” Point 1271312 [Out] Find Duration [Dur] DUR Display 0. 0:00:00:00 1:03:00:24 1:27:13:12 0:24:12:18 Example: Finding “In” Starting Point Find the start point from the information below using real-time ([H:M:S]). Out: Duration Step Clear calc.
Example: Finding Multiple Points Find the duration and the second end point for the following data (30 NDF). IN OUT DUR 6:56:50:16 9:18:09:22 SOLVE 11:05:03:17 SOLVE Step Keystrokes Display Clear calc. [On/C] [On/C] 0. Set 30NDF [30 NDF] 0:00:00:00 Enter start point 6565016 [In] 6:56:50:16 Enter end point 9180922 [Out] 9:18:09:22 Find duration [Dur] DUR 2:21:19:06 Enter new start 11050317 [In] 11:05:03:17 Find new end pt.
Sync/Offset Function Your calculator includes a special Sync/Offset function that lets you create an offset and then find matching edit points on A/B sources of the same media or different media. You can use the In/Out/Dur keys to create the offset or store the value directly. In either case, you must press [Stor] [Sync] to store the offset value; [Rcl] [Sync] is used to recall the stored value.
Example: Different Format Sync Using the [In] and [Out] keys, find the offset between 1:00:00:00 30 NDF Time Code and 95:00 Ft/Frms of 35mm film. Then store this offset in [Sync] and find the matching film edit points for the following Time Codes. TC Edit Point #1 — 1:11:30:05 TC Edit Point #2 — 1:14:43:22 TC Edit Point #3 — 1:15:01:09 Step Clear calc. Select 30 NDF Enter TC ref. point Enter Film ref. pt. Find offset Store as sync Ent. TC edit pt. #1* Find Film edit pt. Ent. TC edit pt.
Setting Film Speed — [fps] The default value for film speed is 24 frames per second. This key sets the fps used by the [16mm], [35mm] and [Cust] keys. To set a new value: (1) Clear the calculator and select decimal mode. [On/C] [On/C] [Dec] (2) Enter the number of frames per second you want to set. 25. (3) Press [Stor] [fps] to save this value as the new fps setting. [Stor] [fps] — 25 (4) Press [Rcl] [fps] to verify your entry. [Rcl] [fps] — 25 Example: Setting 30 fps Film Speed Enter and store 30 fps.
Setting Frames Per Foot (f/ft) The values for physical frames-per-foot (f/ft) can be adjusted for each type of film. The default values are: Film Type 16mm 35mm Custom Frames Per Foot 40 16 24 Setting a New Value (1) Clear the calculator and select decimal mode. [On/C] [On/C] [Dec] (2) Enter the number of frames per foot you want to set (up to 99 f/ft). 20 (3) Press [Stor] then a film type key to save this frames-per-foot value for that film type.
Setting Custom Time Code The default value for custom time code is 30 frames per second (fps). This fps setting is used by the [CusTC] key only. To set a new value: (1) Clear the calculator and select decimal mode. [On/C] [On/C] [Dec] (2) Enter the number of frames per second you want to set. 24 (3) Press [Stor] [CusTC] to save this value as the custom time code setting. [Stor] [CusTC] (4) Press [Rcl] [CusTC] to verify your entry. [Rcl] [CusTC] — 24 Example: Setting 60 fps Enter and store 60 fps.
Using the Timer The Frame Master II includes a fullfunction timer with selectable buzzer and Mark Point function. The timer can count up from zero or count down from an entered time. You can count up or down in: ■ Real-Time (H:M:S*) ■ 30 NDF Time Code ■ 30 DF Time Code ■ 25 PAL Time Code ■ Custom Time Code ■ 16mm Feet:Frames ■ 35mm Feet:Frames ■ Custom Feet:Frames * Note: In real-time H:M:S, you may display decimals to 0, 1 or 2 places. To count down, simply enter a start value and press [Conv] [Go/Stop].
Counting Up or Down If you do not select a mode, the timer defaults to the last timer mode you used. (The initial default timer mode is real time with one decimal place.) (1) Select a timer mode (see “Prefs”). [Prefs] [Prefs] (then) [+] or [–] (2) To count up from zero, press: [Go/Stop] [Go/Stop] (3) To count up from a value other than zero, enter the time you want and then press [Go/Stop].
(6) You can use other keys and functions while the timer is counting. If you are counting down, the calculator will beep three times and flash the display when the timer reaches zero. Press: [Go/Stop] to re-display the timer. Press again to stop. [Mark] to record the current time value to a list which can be recalled. [Rcl] [Mark] Recall the marked points (including start). [On/C] To clear stopped and displayed timer value.
(2) Press the equals key [=]. [=] (2) Press the math key ([+] [–] [x] [÷]) you want to use. [+] (3) Enter another value then press the equals key [=]. 1 [:] 25 [:] [:] [=] answer: 2:55:25:00 (4) You can convert timer values to real-time, film, or time code. Press [Conv] then the format you want to convert this value to.
(2) Press [Go/Stop] to end Timing. (While not mandatory, it is highly recommended that you not recall the marked values while the Timer is active and running.) [Go/Stop] (3) Press [Rcl] [Mark] to recall the first value stored. Press [Mark] to scroll through additional marked points. When displayed, these values may be stored in Memory registers (using [Stor] [0…9]) or entered into the In/Out registers for Duration calculation (using [Stor] [In], [Stor] [Out]).
Clearing the Timer (1) Press [Go/Stop] to stop the timer if it’s counting. (2) Press [On/C] to clear timer. Audible Buzzer Function If counting down, the Timer will make an audible sound when it reaches zero. To turn this off (such as for an openmic situation), scroll the preferences until “BUZZ” On/Off appears on the display. To toggle the Buzzer, simply press the [+] or [–] keys.
Rate Function The Rate function (accessed by pressing [Conv] [•]) allows you to multiply a time code, feet-frame, real-time or frame value by a number (or rate) to get an output that is a decimal number rather than a time code, feet-frame, real-time or frame value. This is primarily used for finding costs based on a per-element (i.e., per-hour, perframe) price structure.
Example: Film (Feet-Frames) Rate Enter 65:10 Ft/Frm of 16mm film and multiply it by a rate of $25/foot. Steps Keystrokes Display Clear calculator [On/C] [On/C] 0. Recall 16mm F/Ft [Rcl] [16mm] 40. If other than 40 upon recall, set to 40. Set to 40 F/Ft 40 [Stor] [16mm] 40. Select 16mm [16mm] 0:00 Enter feet/frames 65 [:] 10 65:10 Multiply by rate to find total amount [x] 25 [Conv] [•] 1631.25 Example: Rate Per Frames An animator has just completed 185 frames of 35mm film animation.
APPENDIX Calculator Information Accuracy/Display For standard calculations, each calculation is carried out internally to 10 digits and is rounded to a 7- or 8-digit standard display. A 5/4 rounding technique is used to add 1 to the least significant digit in the display if the next non-displayed digit is 5 or more. If this digit is less than 5, no rounding occurs.
Errors An error will occur when you make an incorrect entry, if the answer is beyond the range of the calculator, or if you enter a mathematical impossibility such as division by zero. To clear an error, press the [On/C] button. Battery Information The calculator is powered by a single 3Volt Lithium CR-2032 battery. This should last upwards of 1,000 hours of actual use. Should the display become very dim or erratic, replace the battery.
LIMITED WARRANTY Calculated Industries, Inc. (“CII”) warrants this product against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of original consumer purchase in the U.S. If a defect exists during the warranty period, CII at its option will either repair (using new or remanufactured parts) or replace (with a new or remanufactured unit) the product at no charge.
ping and handling within the contiguous 48 states. (Outside the contiguous 48 states, please call CII for return shipping costs.) A repaired or replacement product assumes the remaining warranty of the original product or 90 days, whichever is longer. Non-warranty Repair Service — USA Non-warranty repair covers service beyond the warranty period or service requested due to damage resulting from misuse or abuse.
Disclaimer CII MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRE- SENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT ’S QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RE- SULT, THIS PRODUCT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, KEYSTROKE MATHEMAT-ICAL PROCEDURES, ACCURACY AND PREPRO- GRAMMED MATERIAL, IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU THE PURCHASER ASSUME THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE.
FCC Class B This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules. Legal Notices Software copyrighted and licensed to Calculated Industries by Specialty Calculator Technologies, LLC, 1999. User’s Guide copyrighted by Calculated Industries, 1999. Frame Master ® and Calculated Industries ® are registered trademarks of Calculated Industries, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
How To Reach CII Headquarters Mail Calculated Industries, Inc. 4840 Hytech Drive Carson City, NV 89706 USA Phone 775-885–4975 on ars C ity C Fax 775-885–4949 MAY-6 97 .32 VN Email techsup@calculated.com World Wide Web http://www.calculated.
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CALCULATED INDUSTRIES ® We put answers at your fingertips Designed in the United States of America Printed in Indonesia Manual 9226–MNv2.
