PHN-0630-01.
Orthogon Systems Gemini System User Manual February 24th, 2004 Ref: PHN-0630-01.01 Copyright Information This document is the confidential property of PipingHot Networks Limited (trading as Orthogon Systems) and without its prior written consent may not be copied or released to 3rd parties. © 2004 PipingHot Networks Limited. Compliance Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Orthogon Systems could void the user’s authority to operate the system.
Disclaimer The parameters quoted in this document must be specifically confirmed in writing before they become applicable to any particular order or contract. The company reserves the right to make alterations or amendments to the detail specification at its discretion. The publication of information in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other rights of Orthogon Systems or others.
Contents 1 Getting Started...................................... 6 8.6 Environmental Specifications............. 77 1.1 For Your Safety .................................... 6 8.7 System Connections .......................... 78 1.2 Welcome............................................... 6 9 Lightning Protection .......................... 79 1.3 Product Description .............................. 8 9.1 Overview ............................................ 79 1.4 Warranty ...............................
List of Figures Figure 1 Typical OS-Gemini Deployment .........................................................................................8 Figure 2 OS-Gemini Outdoor Unit (ODU).........................................................................................9 Figure 3 OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU) ...........................................................................................10 Figure 4 OS-Gemini Reset Switch Depressed...................................................................
Figure 36 ODU mounted inside Zone B .........................................................................................80 Figure 37 Diagrammatically showing a typical installation .............................................................81 Figure 38 Upper Configuration and Lower Configuration...............................................................82 Figure 39 OS-Gemini C Outdoor Unit.............................................................................................
1 Getting Started 1.1 For Your Safety Caution Users and installers should note that the mains power supply is the primary disconnect device. Warning Use extreme care when installing antennas near power lines. Warning Use extreme care when working at heights. Caution When the system is operational, avoid standing directly in front of the antenna. Strong RF fields are present when the transmitter is on.
1.2.2 Who Should Use This Guide The guide is for use by the system installer and the end user IT professional. The system installer will require expertise in the following areas: 1.2.3 • Outdoor radio equipment installation • Network configuration • Use of web browser for system configuration, monitoring and fault finding Contact Information Postal Address: Orthogon Systems, Unit A1, Linhay Business Park, Eastern Road, Ashburton, Devon.
1.3 Product Description This User Manual is specifically written for the OS-Gemini platform and the 5820 software load for North America. The OS-Gemini has been developed to provide Point-to-Point data connectivity via a 5.8 GHz wireless Ethernet bridge operating at broadband data rates. The OS-Gemini is aimed at enterprises that have a requirement to connect together the Local Area Network (LAN) of two or more buildings. Figure 1 illustrates such a deployment.
Power is fed into the IDU from the mains power adaptor via a standard low voltage DC connector. The network connection is presented to the user at the IDU via an RJ45 socket. Connection between the ODU and IDU is made using standard CAT 5 UV resistant cable. The spare twisted pairs of the cable are used to feed power from the IDU to the ODU. 1.3.1 The Outdoor Unit (ODU) The ODU (Figure 2) is a self-contained unit. It houses both radio and networking electronics. A single CAT 5 cable feeds the unit.
1.3.2 The Indoor Unit (IDU) The OS-Gemini IDU is a passive device used to inject the DC supply voltage into the cable connecting the IDU to the ODU. The IDU also houses status indicators driven from the ODU over the blue/blue white pair connected to pins 4 and 5 of the RJ45 plugs and sockets employed. Figure 3 OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU) The front panel contains indicators showing the status of the power and Ethernet connections.
Reset Button Action Depression More than 20 seconds, This resets the configuration to factory defaults. whilst the unit is already powered up. While connecting power This resets to factory defaults and erases any user loaded for more than 40 seconds software images leaving the factory loaded image intact. after power is applied None Power cycle by switching off at the mains. All settings remain the same. Table 2 Reset Actions 1.3.
Failure to use the recommended (or equivalent) standard of cable may invalidate the system’s safety certification. The IDU/ODU cable may be unscreened (UTP) or screened (STP). However, unscreened cables reduce the system’s ability to cope with nearby lightning strikes. If lightning activity is common in the area of deployment, the use of screened cable is highly recommended. See Section 9 “Lightning Protection”.
1.3.7 Configuration and Management Configuration and Management of the OS-Gemini is implemented using an inbuilt web server hosting a number of Configuration and Management web pages. This approach allows Configuration and Management to be carried out on any standard web browsing technology. The OS-Gemini can also be managed remotely using the SNMP management protocol. Connection to the OS-Gemini is via the Ethernet connection carrying the bridge network traffic.
2 Product Architecture The OS-Gemini consists of an identical pair of units deployed one at each end of the link. The radio link operates on a single frequency channel using Time Division Duplex (TDD). One unit is deployed as a master and the other as a slave. The master unit takes responsibility for controlling the link in both directions.
the VLAN ID value. Packets with a value of Priority greater than 0 will be given priority over other packets. Each unit in the link is manageable through an IP connection. Standard IP protocols are utilised for all management functions e.g. HTTP, SNMP, etc. The OS-Gemini is fully software upgradeable. New software images are first download from the Orthogon Systems website http://www.orthogonsystems.com to a convenient computer.
3 3.1 General Considerations Frequency Planning The OS-Gemini operates over the frequency range 5.725 to 5.850 GHz (defined as the USA ISM band and the ETSI 5 GHz C band), utilising a 11 MHz wide channel. Setting of the operating frequency channel is automatic and is carried out by the built in Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) functionality.
3.5 Electrical Requirements The OS-Gemini is supplied with a variable input voltage inline power supply unit. The OSGemini requires one mains supply outlet at each end of the link.
4 Site Planning 4.1 Site Selection Criteria The following are guidelines for selecting the installation location of the OS-Gemini ODU and IDU. 4.1.1 ODU Site Selection When selecting a site for the ODU the following should be taken into consideration: • That it is not possible for people to stand or walk inadvertently in front of the antenna.
4.1.3 Path Loss Considerations The path loss is the amount of attenuation the radio signal undergoes between the two ends of the link. The path loss is the sum of the attenuation of the path if there were no obstacles in the way (Free Space Path Loss), the attenuation caused by obstacles (Excess Path Loss) and a margin to allow for possible fading of the radio signal (Fade Margin).
4.1.4 Aggregate Ethernet throughput rate v maximum link loss The equipment capability is given in Table 3. It gives the Ethernet throughput rate vs link loss for OS-Gemini in both modes. Adaptive modulation will ensure that the highest throughput that can be achieved instantaneously will be obtained taking account of propagation and interference. The calculation of Equation 1 needs to be performed to judge whether a particular link can be installed.
5 Installation Orthogon Systems recommends that only qualified personnel undertake the installation of an OS-Gemini system. 5.1 Preparation Before proceeding with the installation you should: 5.2 • Check the contents of all packages against the parts lists shown in the packing list. • Ensure that you have the correct tools for the job. • Ensure that you are qualified to undertake the work. • Ensure that you have taken the correct safety precautions.
5.4 Installation Support Online installation support and contact details for your regional support can be found at http://www.orthogonsystems.com/ A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section can be found in section 11. 5.5 Legal Disclaimer IN NO EVENT SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJURY TO ANY PERSONS OR ANY DAMAGE CAUSED DURING THE INSTALLATION OF THE ORTHOGON SYSTEMS OS-Gemini PRODUCT. 5.
Step 1: Mount one half of the bracket to the Step 2: Mate the two halves of the bracket wall. together and tighten the nut and bolt. 5.7 Connecting Up 5.7.1 Preparing The Cable — RJ45 connections Cable can be purchased from your reseller or distributor in lengths up to 60m. (Note that the maximum length between the IDU and ODU is 60m.) Those wishing to source their own cables and connectors (see section 1.3.
Step 3: Arrange conductors as shown in Step 4: Insert conductors and crimp Figure 8 and cut to length Figure 7 Completed ODU connector Both ends of the ODU cable are terminated in the same way. The above procedure should be repeated for the IDU end of the cable when the cable routing process is complete. Note: The IDU end of the cable does not employ a cable gland.
5.7.2 Making the Connection At The ODU The following procedure describes how connection is made at the ODU. It is often easier to carry out this procedure on the ground or a suitable surface prior to mounting the ODU. Ensure no power is connected to the IDU or present on the cable before connecting the ODU. Step 1: Assemble the cable as described Step 2: Insert the RJ45 connector making in 5.7.
Should it be necessary to disconnect the IDU to ODU cable at the ODU this can be achieved by removing the weather proofing gland and depressing the RJ45 locking tab with a small screwdriver as shown below: Figure 9 Disconnecting the ODU Warning: Ensure that power is removed from the system at the IDU to prevent damage to the ODU whilst making or breaking the connection. 5.7.
5.7.6 Making the Connection At The IDU The ODU is connected to the IDU by means of a concealed RJ45 connector. The RJ45 connection has been placed inside the IDU to prevent the user inadvertently plugging other equipment into the ODU RJ45 socket. Warning: Plugging other equipment into the ODU RJ45 socket may damage the equipment due to the non-standard Power-over-Ethernet techniques employed. Plugging the ODU into other equipment may damage the ODU and/or the other equipment.
5.7.8 Step 1: Fix the IDU to the wall using the lugs Step 2: Connect the DC power and LAN provided. connection Powering Up Prior to powering up the OS-Gemini, a computer with web browsing capabilities should be configured with an IP address of 10.10.10.n and subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 where n is any value between 1 and 254 but excluding 10 or 11. If the default address of the unit 10.10.10.
5.7.9 Aligning the ODUs The following is a description of the steps taken to establish a radio link between the two units forming the bridge and align the units for the best signal strength. OS-Gemini uses audible tones during installation to assist the installer with alignment.
The master unit can take between 10 seconds in 0-5km mode to 60 seconds in 0-130km mode to determine the range of the link being installed. The Master unit will remain in the Scanning state until the range of the link has been established. The Master unit will only move to the Synchronized state when the range of the link has been established.
6 Web Page Reference The web user interface has three main sections. The home page presents to the operator a high level summary of the OS-Gemini wireless link. The status page presents a more detailed set of system parameters describing the performance of the wireless link together with other key system performance metrics. The final section is the system administrator section.
Figure 10 OS-Gemini Home Page Elapsed Time Indicator The elapsed time indicator attribute presents the total time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the last system restart. The system can restart for several reasons, e.g. commanded reset from the system reset webpage, or a power cycle of the equipment. System Clock If the SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) (see section 6.3.6.3) is enabled a system clock attribute is displayed giving the date and time of the last page refresh.
6.2 Systems Status Page The status page has been designed to give the system administrator a detailed view of the operation of the OS-Gemini system from both the wireless and network perspectives. The page is subdivided into three main categories Equipment, Wireless and Ethernet/Internet. The ‘Equipment’ section contains all the unit’s inventory and identification information. The ‘Wireless’ section presents all the key wireless metrics displayed as a series of measurements and histograms.
Link Name The link name is allocated by the system administrator and is used to identify the equipment of the network. The link name attribute is to a maximum size 63 of ASCII characters. Link Location The link location is allocated by the system administrator and can be used as a generic scratch pad to describe the location of the equipment of any other equipment related notes. The link location attribute is limited to a maximum size of 63 ASCII characters.
Half Duplex Half Duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier, but not at the same time. For example, on a local area network using a technology that has half duplex transmission, one workstation can send data on the line and then immediately receive data on the line from the same direction in which data was just transmitted. MAC Address The Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) address is used to uniquely identify the equipment on an Ethernet network.
Vector Error The vector error measurement compares the received signal’s In phase / Quadrature (IQ) modulation characteristics to an ideal signal to determine the composite error vector magnitude. The results are stored in a histogram and expressed in dB and presented as: max, mean, min and latest. The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment has been running for less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current elapsed time.
Receive Modulation Mode The modulation mode currently being used on the receive channel. The number in brackets after the modulation mode and coding rate string is the effective data rate available to all MAC layer protocols. Transmit Modulation Mode The modulation mode currently being used on the transmit channel. The number in brackets after the modulation mode and coding rate string is the effective data rate available to all MAC layer protocols.
6.3 System Administration Pages The following menu options are available for the system administrator and can be password protected. Figure 12 shows the system administration login page. By default a system admin password is not set. Simply click the login button to access the system administration features. Once the password has been set using the ‘Change Password’ menu item the system administration pages will only be available after the user has entered the correct password.
6.3.1 System Configuration Page The configuration page (Figure 13) is used by the system administrator to configure the OSGemini unit. Figure 13 Configuration Page Whilst the majority of the system configuration is entered during installation and should never require changing, this page offers the system administrator the ability to change the basic system parameters for both the wireless and Ethernet components. Link Name User defined identity for the unit (max 63 characters).
Link Symmetry By default Link Symmetry of a Point-to-Point link is ‘Symmetrical Data Rate (1:1)’ in this configuration the ratio of time the wireless link spends transmitting and receiving is equal. When Link Symmetry is configured to Asymmetric Data Rate (2:1) the wireless link Master will spend twice as long transmitting as receiving. It should be noted that data rate available to the end users might not follow these ratios exactly.
Subnet Mask A subnet allows the flow of network traffic between hosts to be segregated based on a network configuration. By organizing hosts into logical groups, subnetting can improve network security and performance. Gateway IP Address The IP address of a computer / router on the current network that acts as a gateway. A gateway acts as an entrance / exit to packets from / to other networks. Ethernet Configuration This enables the Ethernet configuration to be forced rather than auto negotiated.
6.3.2 Statistics Page The OS-Gemini statistics page is designed to display some key statistics of the Ethernet Bridge and the underlying wireless performance. Figure 15 Statistics Wan Good Tx Packets This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has sent for transmission by the wireless interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of packets transmitted since the last page refresh.
Wan Bad Rx Packets This displays the total number of corrupt packets the bridge has received from the wireless interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of corrupt packets received since the last page refresh. Lan Tx Packets This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has sent for transmission by the local Ethernet interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of packets transmitted since the last page refresh.
Code Word Error Ratio The ratio of detected codeword errors to the total number of codewords since the last system reset. Statistics Page Refresh Period The statistics page refreshes automatically according to the setting entered here (in seconds). Reset System Counters By pressing this button all counters in the system are reset to zero. This not only affects this page for example the Elapsed Time Indicator is also reset.
6.3.3.1 Manually Configuring The Wireless Units If the installer / system administrator wishes, they may modify the default installation configuration. If only the IP addresses are incorrect it is recommended that the values are changed via the configuration menu (Section 6.3.1). If any other parameters require modification then it is recommended that the system administrator use the Installation Wizard.
6.3.3.2 Internet Protocol Configuration Step 1 of the installation wizard requires the installer to enter the Internet Protocol (IP) configuration. Figure 17 Installation Wizard Internet Protocol Configuration Once complete click the ‘Submit Internet Protocol Configuration’ button or the ‘Next’ link.
6.3.3.3 Wireless Configuration Step 2 of the installation wizard requires the installer to enter the wireless configuration parameters. Figure 18 Installation Wizard Wireless Configuration Target MAC Address The MAC Address of the peer unit that will be at the other end of the wireless link. This is used by the system to ensure the unit establishes a wireless link to the correct peer. The MAC Address can be found embedded within the serial number of the unit.
Link Symmetry By default Link Symmetry of a Point-to-Point link is ‘Symmetrical Data Rate (1:1)’ in this configuration the ratio of time the wireless link spends transmitting and receiving is equal. When Link Symmetry is configured to Asymmetric Data Rate (2:1) the wireless link Master will spend twice as long transmitting as receiving. It should be noted that data rate available to the end users might not follow these ratios exactly. The exact data rates will be dependant on the prevailing modulation.
6.3.3.4 Confirm Configuration Step 3 of the installation wizard allows the installer to review and confirm the installation information before committing the information to non-volatile memory (Figure 19) Figure 19 Installation Wizard Confirm Configuration If all the settings are correct and appropriate click the “Confirm Configuration and Reset Unit” button. All the attributes are committed to non-volatile memory. Immediately following the write to non-volatile memory the unit is reset.
6.3.3.5 Disarm Step 5 of the installation wizard is the disarm phase. Figure 20 Disarm Installation Once section 5.7.9 “Aligning the ODUs” is complete pressing the “Disarm Installation Agent” button completes the installation process and the audible installation tone will be switched off. If the installer wishes to modify the installation configuration then the ‘Back’ link can be used to access the installation wizard steps described above.
