INSTRUCTION MANUAL AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Revision: 1/14 C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 4 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
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Table of Contents PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. Overview ...................................................................... 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Design Features .................................................................................... 1 Specifications ....................................................................................... 3 Communication .............................
Table of Contents 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Send OS ...................................................................................... 32 Troubleshoot .............................................................................. 33 Settings Editor ............................................................................ 36 Terminal ..................................................................................... 36 6. Programming .............................................................37 6.
Table of Contents D. The Public Table ..................................................... D-1 D.1 Forced Measurement Program ........................................................ D-4 E. Status Table ............................................................ E-1 F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information .... F-1 F.1 F.2 Good Sensor Examples .................................................................... F-1 Good Sensors with Noise ..........................................................
Table of Contents 5-7. 5-8. 5-9. A-1. B-1. B-2. B-3. B-4. C-1. C-2. C-3. F-1. F-2. F-3. F-4. I-1. I-2. I-3. I-4. I-5. Opening Page of the Troubleshoot Tool ............................................ 33 Options Tab of the Troubleshoot Tool .............................................. 34 Graphs for Evaluating Spectral Analysis of a Sensor ........................ 35 Geokon Calibration Report of a Sensor without a Thermistor ........
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules The AVW200 series consist of a base model (AVW200) and three wireless models (AVW206, AVW211, AVW216). The wireless models combine the AVW200 with a spread spectrum radio. The different model numbers of the wireless versions are for different spread spectrum frequency ranges. • AVW206—910 to 918 MHz (US/Canada) • AVW211—920 to 928 MHz (Australia/Israel) • AVW216—2.450 to 2.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules The eliminated parameters are: • • • Number of steps Number of cycles Time of Swept Frequency These parameters are now part of the AVW200 internal operating system and require no user input. The user only needs to input the lower frequency range, upper frequency range, and excitation voltage of the sensor. Read more! Detailed programming information is provided in Section 6. The AVW200 returns five or six values per measurement.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 1.2 Specifications 1.3 Communication 1.3.1 Datalogger The AVW200 module is designed to work with and complement Campbell Scientific dataloggers, as well as data acquisition products from other manufacturers.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 1.3.1.1 PakBus Protocol/Direct RS-232 Connection When using the PakBus protocol, the AVW200() instruction in CRBasic supports an AVW200 connected to a datalogger via a cable attached to the AVW200’s RS-232 port. You can run the datalogger AVW200() instruction in either the pipeline or sequential mode. This instruction is contained in the following datalogger operating systems: • • • CR800std.06 or greater CR1000std.15 or greater CR3000std.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 1.3.2 Computer 1.3.2.1 Device Configuration Utility The Device Configuration (DevConfig) Utility supports AVW200 configuration, operating system download, and vibrating wire spectrum analysis troubleshooting. To use DevConfig, the AVW200 must be connected to a PC and a power source. DevConfig is bundled in Campbell Scientific’s datalogger support software and can also be acquired, at no cost, from Campbell Scientific’s website. DevConfig 1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules AM16/32B AVW200 CR3000 CR1000 COM1 (C1/C2) COM2 (C3/C4) COM3 (C5/C6) COM4 (C7/C8) 128 – Vibrating Wire Sensors in 4x16 configuration 256 – Vibrating Wire Sensors in 2x32 configuration FIGURE 1-1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules AM16/32B CR10X CR5000 CR23X CR800, CR850 CR1000 CR3000 AVW200 0 1 SDI-12 2 3 Datalogger MUST Control Multiplexers in SDI-12 Mode FIGURE 1-3. Network of AVW200 Interfaces (SDI-12) 2. Measurements 2.1 Vibrating Wire The spectral approach implemented by the AVW200 offers significantly improved noise immunity when compared to older period-averaging techniques implemented by other vibrating-wire interfaces (AVW1, AVW4, and AVW100).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Diaphragm Vibrating Wire Plucking/ Pickup Coil FIGURE 2-1. Cutaway of Vibrating Wire Sensor There are three user-determined inputs to the AVW200 measurement process and five outputs from the measurement process. The input parameters control the excitation frequency range (BeginFreq and EndFreq) and the excitation amplitude (ExVolt); see TABLE 2-1. The frequency range supported spans from 100 Hz to 6500 Hz. TABLE 2-1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules TABLE 2-2.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Response Amplitude Resonant Frequency Noise Amplitude Noise Frequency Ending Amplitude Beginning Amplitude FIGURE 2-2. DevConfig plots showing the AVW200 measurement approach. Please note that the use of the special FFT algorithm to achieve better noise immunity does require time for computation, which limits the maximum vibrating wire measurement rate to 2 seconds per sensor.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Read more! You can find an example program that converts resistance to temperature in Section 7.1.2, and detailed information about the thermistors in Appendix B. 3. Quick Start Guides The AVW200 can be used in many types of systems—from simple to complex. The following quick start guides provide steps used to set up a system for some example configurations. 3.1 One or Two Sensors (no multiplexers) 3.1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules NOTE Check the manufacturer’s specification for the sensors frequency and excitation range before picking the begin/end frequencies and excitation voltage.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 3. Connect an antenna (or antenna cable with Yagi or omnidirectional antenna attached) to the Antenna Connector on the side of the AVW206. Read more! Description of our antenna options is provided in Appendix C. 4. Use the power cable to connect the 12V and G terminals on the AVW206 to the 12V and G terminals on the PS100 or another power supply. At the datalogger/RF401 site, do the following steps: 1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 3.2 Multiplexers Controlled by AVW200 3.2.1 Direct RS-232 Connection Sensors Multiplexer Sensors Multiplexer AVW200 Datalogger Power Supply Cable that Comes with Sensor CABLE4CBL-L Four Conductor Cable 17855 Pigtailed Cable or 18663 Null Modem Cable 19246 Power Cable For this example configuration, vibrating wire sensors are attached to multiplexers, which are controlled by the AVW200.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules NOTE Check the manufacturer’s specification for the sensors frequency and excitation range before picking the begin/end frequencies and excitation voltage.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules At the AVW206 site, do the following steps: 1. Use DevConfig to configure the AVW206 for RF communications (Section 5.1, Connecting to DevConfig, and Section 5.2.1, Communications). 2. If you are not using the default multiplexer, go to the Deployment/Measurement tab in DevConfig and select the multiplexer you are using (Section 5.1, Connecting to DevConfig, and Section 5.2.1, Communications).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules For example, the following AVW200() instructions can be used to control the multiplexers: AVW200(Data1(),ComSDC7,200,200,mux1(1,1),1,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0) AVW200(Data2(),ComSDC7,200,200,mux2(1,1),2,1,16,450,3000,2,_60HZ,1,0) Where, RF401 = configured for SDC7 Each multiplexer has 16 sensors connected to it.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules The following steps are used: NOTE 1. Access DevConfig to configure the AVW200 for SDI-12 communications. Go to the Deployment/Measurement tab in DevConfig and enter the SDI-12 Address, multiplexer type, begin frequency, end frequency, and excitation (see Section 5.1, Connecting to DevConfig, and Section 5.2.2, Measurement). 2. Use a CABLE4CBL-L cable to connect the AVW200 to the multiplexers (see FIGURE 4-5).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules AVW200 FIGURE 4-1. Wiring for Sensor Connections 4.2 Power and Ground Each AVW200 has a ground lug for connection to earth ground and a green connector for attachment to a power source (see FIGURE 4-2). NOTE Only connect the AVW200 ground lug to earth ground when the AVW200 is not directly connected to the datalogger. When a datalogger is in the same enclosure, only connect the datalogger’s ground lug to earth ground.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Connects to earth ground via an 8 AWG wire when not directly connected to a datalogger Connects to a power source via 19246 power cable Indicates AVW200 is connected to a power source FIGURE 4-2. Ground Lug and Power Connectors on the AVW200 4.3 Datalogger Wiring (Direct Connection) There are three options for connecting the AVW200 directly to the datalogger (see TABLE 4-1); the cable is ordered as a common accessory. TABLE 4-1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules TABLE 4-2. 17855 or SC110’s DTE Cable Wiring 4.4 Wire Color of 17855 or SC110’s DTE Cable CR800, CR850 CR1000, CR3000 Brown C1 or C3 C1, C3, C5, or C7 White C2 or C4 C2, C4, C6, or C8 Yellow G G Wireless Connections (AVW206, AVW211, AVW216) The connector on the side of the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 is for attaching a whip antenna or an antenna cable (see FIGURE 4-3).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Wireless communication requires the appropriate spread spectrum radio to be connected to the datalogger (see TABLE 4-3). DevConfig is used to configure the AVW206, AVW211, or AVW216 for RF communications (Section 5.1, Connecting to DevConfig, and Section 5.2.1, Communications). TABLE 4-3.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules FIGURE 4-4. Example AM16/32-series to AVW200 Hookup (multiplexers controlled by AVW200) 4.5.2 Datalogger Controlling the Multiplexer When using SDI-12, the datalogger must control the multiplexer. Use the CABLE4CBL-L cable to connect the AVW200 to the multiplexer if the vibrating wire sensors contain a thermistor (see FIGURE 4-5). Use the CABLE3CBL-L or equivalent cable if the vibrating wire sensors do not contain a thermistor.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules AVW200 FIGURE 4-5. AM16/32B to AVW200 Hookup (AM16/32Bs controlled by datalogger and using SDI-12) A CABLE4CBL-L cable is used to connect the multiplexer to the datalogger (see FIGURE 4-6). CABLE SHIELD CR800, CR850 CR10X, CR3000, CR1000 G G 12 V 12 V 12 V G G G C1-C4 C1-C8 C1-C8 C1-C4 C1-C8 C1-C8 FIGURE 4-6.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 5. Device Configuration (DevConfig) Utility Our Device Configuration (DevConfig) utility is bundled in Campbell Scientific’s datalogger support software and can also be acquired, at no cost, from: www.campbellsci.com/downloads. DevConfig 1.10 or greater is required. DevConfig supports AVW200 configuration, real-time data display, operating system download, and vibrating wire spectrum analysis troubleshoot.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules FIGURE 5-1. Opening Page in DevConfig 5.2 5. Select the Serial Port matching the COM port on your computer in which the AVW200 is connected. 6. Press the Connect button. The device may take up to 60 seconds to respond to DevConfig, and for the current settings to be loaded into the Settings Editor. Deployment Tab 5.2.1 Communications The Deployment Communications Editor is the active tab when you are first connected (see FIGURE 5-2).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules FIGURE 5-2. Deployment Communications Editor in DevConfig NOTE Certain AVW206 settings must match the RF401 settings for communications between the interface and radio to be successful. Description of the Communication Settings follows: Protocol—choose "PakBus" for the “Protocol” setting.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Net Address—enter the radio network address that matches all of the RF401 radios and other AVW206 in the network. Valid entries are 0-3 Power Mode—If not using a radio, select “Radio Off” for the Power Mode. Otherwise, select a power mode that works with the RF401’s power mode (see Table TABLE 5-1). TABLE 5-1. AVW206 Power Modes and the Recommended Corresponding RF401 Power Modes.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 5.2.2 Measurement The Deployment/Measurement Tab is used to configure the SDI-12 Address, multiplexer type, begin frequency, end frequency, and excitation (see FIGURE 5-3). FIGURE 5-3. Deployment/Measurement Tab in DevConfig NOTE The Begin Frequency, End Frequency, and excitation parameters in DevConfig are only used for the RS-232 (terminal commands) and SDI-12 communication modes.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Multiplexer Type—choose the appropriate multiplexer. The default multiplexer type is the AM16/32B. Begin Frequency—if using RS-232 (terminal commands) or SDI-12, enter the sensor manufacturer’s recommendation for the begin frequency. End Frequency—if using RS-232 (terminal commands) or SDI-12, enter the sensor manufacturer’s recommendation for the end frequency.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Read more! Appendix D lists the fields in the public table and provides a brief description of each. The status table contains system operating status information accessible (see FIGURE 5-5). Note: DevConfig polls the status table at regular intervals, and then updates the status information. FIGURE 5-5.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 5.4 Send OS For most applications, Campbell Scientific does not anticipate that it will be necessary to download a new operating system to the AVW200. However, if a new operating system (OS) is required, in order to send a new OS to the AVW200 you will need Device Configurator (DevConfig) 1.10 or greater. First connect the RS-232 port of the AVW200 to a serial port on your computer using a 9-pin serial cable and follow the steps below. 1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 5.5 Troubleshoot The Troubleshoot tool in DevConfig can be used to evaluate the frequency spectrum of a sensor and to determine the most appropriate beginning and ending frequencies for a sensor. To access the Troubleshoot Tool, use the steps listed below: 1. Follow the connection procedure provided in Section 5.1, Connecting to DevConfig. 2. Click the Troubleshoot tab at the top of the DevConfig opening window (FIGURE 5-7). FIGURE 5-7.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules FIGURE 5-8. Options Tab of the Troubleshoot Tool 34 4. Select the AVW200 channel either 1 or 2 and the multiplexer channel that the sensor is attached. If not using a multiplexer, then set the multiplexer channel to one. 5. Once the appropriate settings have been specified, click OK on the Options window and click the Poll tab at the bottom of the Troubleshoot window.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Response Amplitude Resonant Frequency Noise Amplitude Noise Frequency Ending Amplitude Beginning Amplitude FIGURE 5-9. Graphs for Evaluating Spectral Analysis of a Sensor NOTE Check the manufacturer’s specification for the sensors frequency and excitation range before picking the begin/end frequencies and excitation voltage.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 5.6 Settings Editor The Settings Editor in DevConfig can also be used to enter the Deployment parameters (see FIGURE 5-2). Refer to Section 5.2, Deployment Tab, and Section 5.3, Data Monitor, for a description of the setting parameters. 5.7 Terminal You can monitor the AVW200 with terminal commands via the terminal emulator in DevConfig or LoggerNet. You can also use a terminal emulator, such as HyperTerminal or ProComm.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules CAUTION When using the “Mcmm” terminal command, no other method of measurement should be used or multiplexing will get out of sequence and measurement errors will result. Read more! Appendix D lists the fields in the public table and provides a brief description of each. Appendix E provides a comprehensive list of status table variables with brief descriptions. 6. Programming 6.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules instructions are ran in a sequential mode, a different result variable should be specified for each AVW200 (see 6.1.2). The result codes are as follows: Code 0 >1 -3 ComPort Description Communication successful. Values have been written to the destination array. Number of communication failures. NAN values will be stored in the destination array. Resets to 0 upon successful communication. First communication.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules being measured using a multiplexer. The first dimension is set equal to the number of sensors being measured and the second dimension is set equal to the number of values returned for each sensor (5 or 6). For example, to measure 4 sensors with thermistor measurements attached to a multiplexer, Dest would be declared as Array(4,6).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules BeginFreq The BeginFreq parameter is the starting frequency to use for the vibrating wire measurement. The minimum value that can be entered is 100. Refer to the specifications of the vibrating wire sensor for recommended BeginFreq values. EndFreq The EndFreq parameter is the ending frequency to use for the vibrating wire measurement. The maximum value that can be entered is 6500 (typical sweep range is 450 to 6000).
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 6.1.1 Pipeline Mode When the CRBasic program first starts running, the information specified in the AVW200( ) instruction is sent to the attached AVW200 interface module via the communication port and PakBus address specified in the instruction. Along with the instruction's parameter information, the datalogger also sends its clock information.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules detected. Therefore, the result variable for the first instruction would be zero (indicating successful communication) and the result variable for the second instruction would increment (indicating a failed communication). In the pipeline mode this situation does not exist, so the result code variables can be the same for multiple AVW200( ) instructions on a given communication port.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules SDIPort The SDIPort parameter is the port to which the SDI-12 sensor is connected. A numeric value is entered: Code 1 3 5 7 Description Control Port 1 Control Port 3 Control Port 5 Control Port 7 SDIAddress The SDIAddress parameter is the address of the SDI12 sensor that will be affected by this instruction. Valid addressses are 0 through 9, A through Z, and a through z. Alphabetical characters should be enclosed in quotes (e.g., "0").
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules If a check summed command fails, a NAN will be returned and the command will be retried. Mult, Offset The Mult and Offset parameters are each a constant, variable, array, or expression by which to scale the results of the measurement. 6.2.2 Extended SDI-12 Commands Extended SDI-12 commands can be used to change the beginning frequency, ending frequency, and excitation voltage of the vibrating wire sensors attached to the AVW200.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 7. Example Programs This section includes several program examples for our CR1000 datalogger. Although the examples are for the CR1000, programming for the CR800 and CR3000 is similar. Appendix G, CR10X Programming Example, has a programming example for the retired CR10X. More complex programming examples are provided in Appendix H, Additional Programming Examples. 7.1 AVW200() Instruction (no multiplexers) 7.1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules CallTable avw200 CallTable avwcard EndProg NextScan 7.1.2 Wireless/One Sensor/Resistance Converted to Temperature 'This is an example of a program used by a CR1000 and AVW206 to one Geokon 4450 VW 'displacement sensor. The sensor provides a frequency, which is converted to displacement, and 'resistance, which is converted to temperature. Polynomial Gage Factors used in this example were 'taken from the calibration sheets of the 4450 sensor.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 'Calculate displacement (inches) from Digits and calibration polynomial PSI=2.49866e-10*Digits^2 + 8.716e-5*Digits + -.2 NextScan EndProg 7.2 AVW200() Instruction Controlling Two Multiplexers TABLE 7-2 shows wiring used for this example. This program measures 16 sensors on each multiplexer. TABLE 7-2. Wiring for Example 7.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 7.3 AVW200( ) Instruction Running in the Pipeline Mode The following program is an example of how to run the AVW200 with a CR1000 using multiple AVW200( ) instructions in the pipeline mode of operation. When this CRBasic program first starts running, the information specified in the AVW200( ) instruction is sent to the attached AVW200 interface module via the Com1 communication port and PakBus address 200.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules ' Example Program running in the PipeLine mode ' The clock and reset lines of both muxes are connected to the clk and rst ‘lines of the AVW200.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules TABLE 7-4 shows the wiring used for both Sequential Mode examples. TABLE 7-4. Wiring for Sequential Mode Examples Datalogger Port for Cable Attachment Cable Needed to connect to AVW200 AVW200 Port or Model COM1 (control port pairs C1/C2) 17855 Cable (pigtail to DB9 male cable) RS-232 7.4.1 AVW200 Controlling Two Multiplexers in Sequential Mode ' Example Program running in the Sequential mode with AVW200 controlling ' 2 muxes.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Const Chan1 = 1 Const Chan2 = 2 Const MuxChan = 1 Const Reps = 1 Const BFreq = 450 Const EFreq = 6000 Const Xvolt = 2 ' AVW200 channel 1 ' AVW200 channel 2 ' Starting Mux Channel ' Number of Reps ' Begin Frequency ' End Frequency ' 12p-p Volt Excite Dim tmpavw200(6) BeginProg SerialOpen (Com1,38400,0,0,0) Scan (64,Sec,0,0) PanelTemp (PTemp,250) Battery (Batt_volt) PortSet(3, 1) Delay(1, 100, mSec) ' (2 * 32 measurement) = 64 seconds ' Reset
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules very next measurement will use the bbbb,eeee and vvvv values specified in the extended command. The second and remaining measurements will revert back to the settings specified via DevConfig. An example of an extended command is: 0XVW450,5000,1! This command will configure the next measurement with Begin Freq=450, End Freq = 5000 and 5Volt excitation.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules ' Example Program running SDI12 commands with the Datalogger controlling ' 2 mux's. For this program, the AVW SDI-12 port is connected to DL C1. ' The reset line of both muxes is connected to datalogger C3. Mux1 clock line ' is connected to DL C4 and Mux2clock line is connected to DL C5. The SDI-12 ' address of the AVW200 is set to 1.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 8. Troubleshooting Communication Problems 8.1 Unable to Communicate with DevConfig or Terminal Emulator If you are unable to communicate with DevConfig or the Terminal Emulator, verify that: (1) The AVW200 is powered. The red LED at the front of the AVW200 will remain lit for 15 seconds on initial power up and then blink intermittently. (2) The correct COM port has been selected.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules Power supply must be able to sustain at least 9.6 V (datalogger minimum) even during 75 mA transmitter bursts lasting only a few milliseconds. 4. Lightning damage to RF401 or AVW206 Swap in a known good RF401 or AVW206 with the same settings and see if this cures the problem. Lightning damage can occur leaving no visible indications. A “near miss” can cause damage as well as a more direct hit with evidence of smoke. 5.
AVW200-series 2-Channel Vibrating Wire Spectrum Analyzer Modules 9. b. Change to a higher gain antenna c. Change polarization (element orientation) of all antennas in your network (yagi or collinear) from vertical to horizontal or vice versa. Interference from 900 MHz transmitter There are some measures you can take to reduce interference from neighboring 900 MHz transmitters: a. Move base station as far as possible from offending transmitter antenna. b.
Appendix A. Conversion from Hertz The calibration report provided with each vibrating wire sensor contains the information required to convert Hertz, the frequency value output by the AVW200, to the appropriate units (e.g., displacement pressure). These steps convert Hertz to the appropriate unit (e.g., displacement, pressure): 1. If the values in the Calibration Report are in digits, use the following equation to convert the AVW200’s frequency values from Hertz to digits. Digits = (Hz/1000)2 x 1000 2.
Appendix A. Conversion from Hertz FIGURE A-1.
Appendix B. Thermistor Information B.1 Converting Resistance to Temperature The AVW200 outputs a resistance value for sensors that contain a thermistor. Temperature is calculated by applying the resistance to a known equation (e.g., Steinhart-Hart equation) which converts resistance to temperature. The Steinhart-Hart equation for converting resistance to degree Celsius is as follows: Temperature = 1/(A + B*LN(resistance) + C*(LN(resistance))^3) - 273.
Appendix B. Thermistor Information 4. Precision of the bridge resistors 5. Accuracy of the datalogger's voltage measurement 6. Temperature coefficient of the bridge resistors Errors three through six can probably be ignored. The wire resistance is primarily an offset error and its affect can be removed by the initial calibration. Errors caused by the change in wire resistance due to temperature and thermistor interchangeability are not removed by the initial calibration.
Appendix B. Thermistor Information FIGURE B-2. Temperature Measurement Error on a 1000 foot Lead. Wire is 22 AWG with 16 ohms per 1000 feet. FIGURE B-3. Temperature Measurement Error on a 3000 foot Lead. Wire is 22 AWG with 16 ohms per 1000 feet.
Appendix B. Thermistor Information FIGURE B-4. Temperature Measurement Error on a 5000 foot Lead. Wire is 22 AWG with 16 ohms per 1000 feet.
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 C.1 Antennas Several antennas are offered to satisfy the needs for various base station and remote station requirements. These antennas have been tested at an authorized FCC open-field test site and are certified to be in compliance with FCC emissions limits. All antennas (or antenna cables) have an SMA female connector for connection to the AVW206.
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 16005 0 dBd ANTENNA, 2.4 GHz, OMNI ½ WAVE WHIP, RPSMA RT ANGLE, LINX ANT-2.4-CW-RCT-RP, 4.5 inches long. 16755 13 dBd ANTENNA, 2.4 GHz, ENCLOSED YAGI, allows vertical or horizontal polarization, MAXRAD WISP24015PTNF, boom length 17 inches, diameter 3 inches, W/ END MOUNT to fit 1 to 2 in. O.D.
Appendix C.
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 ITEM #15970 900 MHZ Indoor OMNI 1 dBd Window/Wall Mounted ITEM #16005 2.4 GHz OMNI HALF WAVE WHIP 0 dBd ITEM #16755 2.4 GHz ENCLOSED YAGI, 13 dBd w/MOUNTS FIGURE C-1.
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 FIGURE C-2. Example COAX RPSMA-L Cable for Yagi or Omni Colinear FIGURE C-3. Antenna Surge Protector C.2 Antenna Cables The 14201, 14203, 14205, 14221, and 16755 antennas require an antenna cable; either (1) the COAX RPSMA or (2) the COAX NTN with surge protector. Indoor omnidirectional antennas are either supplied with an appropriate cable or connect directly to the AVW206. C.3 Surge Protectors C.3.
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 • When the antenna cable length exceeds 10 feet • When use of COAX RPSMA would result in too much signal loss • When the interface will be used in an environment susceptible to lightning or electro-static buildup C.3.
Appendix C. Antennas, Antenna Cables, and Surge Protectors for the AVW206, AVW211, and AVW216 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Appendix C.
Appendix D. The Public Table The public table of the AVW200 displays the current sensor measurement values as well as the current settings (see TABLE D-1). When the DeviceConfig runs the troubleshooter, it forces a measurement by writing to the Timeseries() array in the Public table. When the Timeseries(1)..Timeseries(4) elements are written with the proper values a measurement is performed and the files Timeseries.bin and Spectrum.bin are created or over-written if previous measurements have been forced.
Appendix D. The Public Table Values and Control Parameters for SDI-12 Communications SDI12val(1) Frequency value obtained by SDI Recorder Instruction, if used; unchanged if not using SDI-12. SDI12val(2) Amplitude value obtained by SDI Recorder Instruction, if used; unchanged if not using SDI-12. SDI12val(3) Signal to noise ratio obtained by SDI Recorder Instruction, if used; unchanged if not using SDI-12.
Appendix D. The Public Table Control Parameters When Troubleshooter is Running TimeSeries(1) Writing this variable will force a Vibrating Wire measurement and create the TimeSeries.bin and spectrum.bin files. Example: 101 = measures AVW200 chan1 and Mux chan1 102 = measures AVW200 chan1 and Mux chan2 ..... 201 = measures AVW200 chan2 and Mux chan1 202 = measures AVW200 chan2 and Mux chan2 .... 232 = measures AVW200 chan2 and Mux chan32 Notes: TimeSeries(2)..
Appendix D. The Public Table D.1 Forced Measurement Program SequentialMode Public UsrForcedMsmnt Public SVResult(2), GVResult(2), TimeSeries(11) Dim TS_done BeginProg TimeSeries(1) = 101 'Measure command with XYY as described below. 'X is the AVW channel, 1 or 2, and YY is the multiplexer channel, 00-32 TimeSeries(2) = 450 'Sweep start frequency, 450 Hz minimum. TimeSeries(3) =6500 'Sweep stop frequency, 6500 Hz maximum. TimeSeries(4) = 1 'Excitation level code, 0=5Volt, 1=12Volt.
Appendix E. Status Table The AVW200 status table contains system operating status information accessible via DevConfig, terminal emulator, or another PakBus device such as a datalogger. Status Table information is easily viewed by going to DevConfig | AVW200| Connect | Data Monitor | Status. The status table can be viewed via a terminal emulator and command 4. The status information can be retrieved by the datalogger by using the CRBasic GetVariable instruction.
Appendix E. Status Table Status Fieldname Description User can change? Rf_ForceOn When Rf_ForceOn is set to 1 the radio is always on ignoring the duty cycle setting. Yes Rf_Protocol Identifies the radio protocol that will be used. The AVW200 is always fixed at 2 (PakBus Aware mode) Yes (changing this parameter to a value of 1 will mess up the RF communication). All other values will revert to a value of 2.
Appendix E. Status Table Status Fieldname Description User can change? MSPClkFreq(3) MSP430 CPU #3 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No MSPClkFreq(4) MSP430 CPU #4 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No MSPClkFreq(5) MSP430 CPU #5 RC oscillator frequecy in Hz No CalOffset Calibration offset voltage No VarOutOfBounds Number of times an array was accessed out of bounds Yes (clear to zero) SkipScan Number of skipped scans that have occurred while running the current scan.
Appendix E.
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information The AVW200 uses an audio A/D for capturing the sensor’s signal. The number of samples acquired in this period is 4096 points. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is used to create a frequency spectrum. The frequency spectrum is displayed in the graph labeled “Spectrum” (see FIGURE F-1). This graph shows each of the frequencies and the voltage amplitude in mV RMS. The “Time Series” graph is the acquired or sampled data in the time domain.
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information FIGURE F-1. Good Sensor with a Narrower Range (200 to 2200 Hz) FIGURE F-2.
Appendix E. Status Table F.2 Good Sensors with Noise The measurements graphed in FIGURE F-3 and FIGURE F-4 are made by the same sensor used for FIGURE F-1 and FIGURE F-2. However, for FIGURE F-3 and FIGURE F-4, a drill is running about ½ inch away from the sensor. This shows the effects of narrowing the begin/end frequency to deal with noise generated by an electric motor. The narrow frequency range in F.
Appendix F. Time Series and Spectrum Graph Information FIGURE F-4. Good Sensor with Noise (450 to 6500 Hz) NOTE F-4 Check the manufactures specification for the sensors frequency and excitation range before picking the begin/end frequencies and excitation voltage.
Appendix G. CR10X Programming Example Although this example is for the CR10X, the CR23X is programmed similarly. ;{CR10X} ; ; ; *Table 1 Program 01: 900 Execution Interval (seconds) 1: Do (P86) 1: 42 Set Port 2 High 2: Beginning of Loop (P87) 1: 0000 Delay 2: 16 Loop Count 3: Do (P86) 1: 73 Pulse Port 3 4: Excitation with Delay (P22) 1: 1 Ex Channel 2: 0000 Delay W/Ex (0.01 sec units) 3: 10 Delay After Ex (0.
Appendix G. CR10X Programming Example 10: Z=X (P31) 1: 95 2: 65 X Loc [ DcayRatio ] -- Z Loc [ Decay_1 ] 11: Z=X (P31) 1: 96 2: 81 X Loc [ Thrmister ] -- Z Loc [ Therm_1 ] ;Write Decay Ratio to inlocs 65-80 ;Write Thermister resistance to inlocs 81-96 12: Z=X*F (P37) 1: 76 -- X Loc [ Therm_1 ] 2: .
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples H.1 AVW200-Controlled Multiplexer H.1.1 Direct RS-232 Connection 'This is an example of a program used by a CR1000 and AVW200 to control two AM16/32B multiplexers. 'Sixteen Geokon 4450 VW displacement sensors are attached to each multiplexer and each sensor 'provides a frequency, which is converted to displacement, and resistance, which is converted to 'temperature.
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples Sample (16,Displacement2(),FP2) Sample (16,VWfreq2(),FP2) Sample (16,Temp2(),FP2) Sample (16,Amp2(),FP2) Sample (16,Sig2Noise2(),FP2) Sample (16,FreqOfNoise2(),FP2) Sample (16,DecayRatio2(),FP2) EndTable BeginProg SerialOpen (COMRS232,38400,0,0,10000) 'Enter the 3 Polynomial Gage Factors for each sensor as listed on each Calibration Report CoefString1(1) = "2.49866e-10, 8.716e-5, -0.20003" CoefString1(2) = "2.56640e-10, 8.762e-5, -0.20437" CoefString1(3) = "2.
Appendix H.
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples H.1.2 Wireless/Sensors with Different Frequencies ' 'This is an example of a program used by a CR1000 and AVW206 to control two 'AM16/32B multiplexers. Sixteen Geokon 4450 VW displacement sensors are 'attached to each multiplexer and each sensor provides a frequency, which is 'converted to displacement, and resistance, which is converted to 'temperature.
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples Sample (16,Displacement2(),FP2) Sample (16,VWfreq2(),FP2) Sample (16,Temp2(),FP2) Sample (16,Amp2(),FP2) Sample (16,Sig2Noise2(),FP2) Sample (16,FreqOfNoise2(),FP2) Sample (16,DecayRatio2(),FP2) EndTable BeginProg 'Enter the 3 Polynomial Gage Factors for each sensor 'as listed on each Calibration Report CoefString1(1) = "2.49866e-10, 8.716e-5, -0.20003" CoefString1(2) = "2.56640e-10, 8.762e-5, -0.20437" CoefString1(3) = "2.93650e-10, 8.715e-5, -0.
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples Scan (2,Min,0,0) PanelTemp (PTemp,250) Battery (Batt_volt) AVW200(VWResults(1),ComME,0,20,Mux1(1,1),1,1,16,1000,2500,2,_60Hz,1,0) For i = 1 To 16 Amp1(i) = Mux1(i,2) Therm1(i) = Mux1(i,6) VWFreq1(i) = Mux1(i,1) Sig2Noise1(i) = Mux1(i,3) DecayRatio1(i) = Mux1(i,5) FreqOfNoise1(i) = Mux1(i,4) Digits = (VWFreq1(i)/1000)^2 * 1000 'Convert frequency to Digits 'Convert resistance to temp F. Temp1(i) = (1/(A + B*LN(Therm1(i)) + C*(LN(Therm1(i)))^3)-273.15)*1.
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples H.2 Datalogger-Controlled Multiplexer ' 'This example demonstrates how to program a CR1000 to collect measurements from sensors 'attached to four AM16/32 multiplexers. The four multiplexers are controlled directly 'by the data logger, not through the AVW200 as in other examples contained in this 'manual. Displacement is calculated from the measured frequencies by applying the 'Polynomial Gage Factors contained in each sensors' calibration report.
Appendix H.
Appendix H. Additional Programming Examples 'Gage Factors for sensors attached to AM16/32 #3 Coef3(1) = 2.73949e-10: Coef3(2) = 8.726e-5: Coef3(3) = -0.20799 Coef3(4) = 3.17163e-10: Coef3(5) = 8.741e-5: Coef3(6) = -0.19108 Coef3(7) = 2.49866e-10: Coef3(8) = 8.716e-5: Coef3(9) = -0.20003 Coef3(10) = 2.31843e-10: Coef3(11) = 8.880e-5: Coef3(12) = -0.19643 Coef3(13) = 2.22761e-10: Coef3(14) = 8.848e-5: Coef3(15) = -0.20013 Coef3(16) = 2.32081e-10: Coef3(17) = 8.789e-5: Coef3(18) = -0.20064 Coef3(19) = 3.
Appendix H.
Appendix H.
Appendix H.
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces For situations where wireless communication is impractical, MD485 Multidrop Modems may be used to extend the distance between the AVW200 interfaces. This application is not compatible with SDI-12 communications. I.1 Required Settings DevConfig is used to configure the settings for the AVW200 interfaces and the MD485 Multidrop modems. A unique address must be assigned to each AVW200 in the network.
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces I.2 Connections The point-to-point configuration is the simplest MD485-to-AVW200 network. In this configuration, two MD485s are required (see FIGURE I-2). The point-to-multipoint configuration uses several AVW200s. In this configuration, you need one MD485 to connect with the datalogger and another MD485 for each AVW200 in the network (see FIGURE I-3). Datalogger MD485 MD485 AVW200 18663 Null Modem Cable CABLE2TP-L Cable FIGURE I-2.
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces Connects to another MD485 via the CABLE2TP Connects to the datalogger’s RS-232 port or the AVW200’s RS-232 port via a null modem cable Connects to earth ground via an 8 AWG wire FIGURE I-4. MD485 and its connectors. I.2.1 Datalogger to MD485 The 18663 Null Modem Cable is used to connect an MD485 with the CR800, CR850, CR1000, or CR3000 datalogger.
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces (-) (+) (-) (+) Connect at one end only to chassis GND. FIGURE I-5. MD485-to-MD485 Connections and Grounding I.2.3 MD485 to AVW200 The 18663 Null Modem Cable is used to connect an MD485 with an AVW200. One end of the null modem cable attaches to the RS-232 port on the MD485, and the other end attaches to the RS-232 port on the AVW200 (see FIGURE I-4). I.2.
Appendix I. Using MD485 Multidrop Modems with AVW200 Interfaces 'CR1000 Series Datalogger 'This program measures 2 sensors on 2 AVW200s PBA1 and PBA5. 'Each AVW200 is connected to a MD485 via a RS-232 null modem. The RS-232 baud rate of the MD485s 'is 38.4 k as is the RS-485 baud rate.
Appendix I.
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