CR10X MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OPERATOR'S MANUAL REVISION: 2/03 COPYRIGHT (c) 1986-2003 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
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WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE The CR10X MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for thirty-six (36) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products.
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CR10X MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OV1.1 OV1.2 Wiring Panel........................................................................................................................ OV-1 Connecting Power to the CR10X ........................................................................................ OV-5 OV2. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS OV2.1 OV2.2 OV2.3 Internal Memory .............................................................................
CR10X TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 INTERNAL DATA STORAGE Final Storage Areas, Output Arrays, and Memory Pointers ................................................... 2-1 Data Output Format and Range Limits .................................................................................. 2-3 Displaying Stored Data on Keyboard/Display - ∗7 Mode........................................................ 2-3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS Parameter Data Types ...........
CR10X TABLE OF CONTENTS PROGRAM EXAMPLES 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Single-Ended Voltage/Switched 12 V Terminal - CS500 ........................................................7-1 Differential Voltage Measurement...........................................................................................
CR10X TABLE OF CONTENTS MEASUREMENTS 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Fast and Slow Measurement Sequence .............................................................................. 13-1 Single-Ended and Differential Voltage Measurements ........................................................ 13-2 The Effect of Sensor Lead Length on the Signal Settling Time ........................................... 13-3 Thermocouple Measurements ...............................................
CR10X TABLE OF CONTENTS F. F.1 F.2 G. G.1 G.2 G.3 G.4 H. H.1 H.2 H.3 H.4 I. I.1 I.2 I.3 J. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) Function ................................................................................................................................. F-1 Instruction Details................................................................................................................... F-1 DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS Introduction ...........................................................
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SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS 1. Storing Data - Data are stored in Final Storage only by Output Processing Instructions and only when the Output Flag (Flag 0) is set. (Sections OV4.1.1 and 3.7.1) 5. Floating Point Format - The computations performed in the CR10X use floating point arithmetic. CSI's 4 byte floating point numbers contain a 23 bit binary mantissa and a 6 bit binary exponent. The largest and smallest numbers that can be stored 18 -19 and processed are 9 x 10 and 1 x 10 , respectively. (Section 2.
CAUTIONARY NOTES 1. Damage will occur to the analog input circuitry if voltages in excess of ±16 V are applied for a sustained period. Voltages in excess of ±5 V will cause errors and possible overranging on other analog input channels. 5. Voltage pulses can be counted by CR10X Pulse Counters configured for High Frequency Pulses. However, when the pulse is actually a low frequency signal (below about 10 Hz) AND the positive voltage excursion exceeds 5.
CR10X MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OVERVIEW The CR10X is a fully programmable datalogger/controller with non-volatile memory and a battery backed clock in a small, rugged, sealed module. The combination of reliability, versatility, and telecommunications support make it a favorite choice for networks and single logger applications. Campbell Scientific Inc. provides four aids to operating the CR10X: 1. 2. 3. 4.
CR10X OVERVIEW CR10XTCR Thermocouple Reference Thermistor and Cover L O G A N , U T A H E S EF D G 8 H 7 4 G L G 0 H 1 9 5 A E S EF D L 1 G G 1 2 H G L 2 H 1 1 1 6 A H T D R N A U E O R C A G L E G 3 A A G 4 H 3 2 G L G G 6 H 5 3 A L G G A A S 3 G E W S G W G L R T C V V 2 1 12 G G A G G H V 2 1 ER G W O P IN L R H C G A 1 0 L X G A C S W H I/ 0 M A P G I N USA I R E IN D V 2 M 1 D 3 S E G A L A E V 2 N 1 L G .
ANALOG INPUTS CR10X OVERVIEW Input/Output Instructions 1 Volt (SE) 2 Volt (DIFF) 4 Ex-Del-Se 5 AC Half Br 6 Full Br 7 3W Half Br 8 Ex-Del-Diff 9 6W Full Br 11 Temp (107) 12 RH-(207) 13 Temp-TC SE 14 Temp-TC DIFF 16 Temp-RTD 27 Interval-Freq. 28 Vibrating Wire Meas 29 INW Press 131 Enhanced Vib.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV1.1.1 ANALOG INPUTS OV1.1.5 ANALOG GROUND (AG) The terminals labeled 1H to 6L are analog inputs. These numbers refer to the high and low inputs to the differential channels 1 through 6. In a differential measurement, the voltage on the H input is measured with respect to the voltage on the L input. When making singleended measurements, either the H or L input may be used as an independent channel to measure voltage with respect to the CR10X analog ground (AG).
CR10X OVERVIEW unregulated 12 volts. The output is limited to 600 mA current. A control port is used to operate the switch. Connect a wire from the control port to the switched 12 volt control port. When the port is set high, the 12 volts is turned on; when the port is low, the switched 12 volts is off (Section 8.12). OV1.2 CONNECTING POWER TO THE CR10X The CR10X can be powered by any 12VDC source.
CR10X OVERVIEW Flash Memory (EEPROM) Total 128 Kbytes Operating System (96 Kbytes) How it works: The Operating System is loaded into Flash Memory at the factory. System Memory is used while the CR10X is running calculations, buffering data and for general operating tasks. Any time a user loads a program into the CR10X, the program is compiled in SRAM and stored in the Active Program areas. If the CR10X is powered off and then on, the Active Program is loaded from Flash and run.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV2.2 PROGRAM TABLES, EXECUTION INTERVAL AND OUTPUT INTERVALS The CR10X must be programmed before it will make any measurements. A program consists of a group of instructions entered into a program table. The program table is given an execution interval which determines how frequently that table is executed. When the table is executed, the instructions are executed in sequence from beginning to end.
CR10X OVERVIEW Each instruction in the table requires a finite time to execute. If the execution interval is less than the time required to process the table, an execution interval overrun occurs; the CR10X finishes processing the table and waits for the next execution interval before initiating the table. When an overrun occurs, decimal points are shown on either side of the G on the display in the LOG mode (∗0). Overruns and table priority are discussed in Section 1.1. OV2.2.2.
CR10X OVERVIEW INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Specify the conversion of a sensor signal to a data value and store it in Input Storage. Programmable entries specify: (1) the measurement type (2) the number of channels to measure (3) the input voltage range (4) the Input Storage Location (5) the sensor calibration constants used to convert the sensor output to engineering units I/O Instructions also control analog outputs and digital control ports.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV3. COMMUNICATING WITH CR10X An external device must be connected to the CR10X's Serial I/O port to communicate with the CR10X. This may be either Campbell Scientific's CR10KD Keyboard Display or a computer/terminal. The CR10KD is powered by the CR10X and connects directly to the serial port via the SC12 cable (supplied with the CR10KD). No interfacing software is required.
CR10X OVERVIEW TABLE OV3.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV4.1 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE In routine applications, the CR10X measures sensor output signals, processes the measurements over some time interval and stores the processed results. A generalized programming sequence is: 1. Enter the execution interval. In most cases, the execution interval is determined by the desired sensor scan rate. 2. Enter the Input/Output instructions required to measure the sensors. OV4.2 INSTRUCTION FORMAT Instructions are identified by an instruction number.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV4.3 ENTERING A PROGRAM Programs are entered into the CR10X in one of three ways: 1. Keyed in using the CR10X keyboard. 2. Loaded from a pre-recorded listing using the ∗D Mode. There are 2 types of storage/input: a. Stored on disk/sent from computer. b. Stored/loaded from Storage Module. 3. Loaded from internal Flash Memory or Storage Module upon power-up.
CR10X OVERVIEW program. If the ring line on the 9 pin connector is raised while the CR10X is testing memory, there will be a 128 second delay before compiling and running the program. This can be used to edit or change the program before it starts running. To raise the ring line, press any key on the CR10KD keyboard display or call the CR10X with the computer during the power up sequence (i.e., while “HELLO” is displayed on the CR10KD).
CR10X OVERVIEW Wait a few seconds: 01:21.423 ∗ 2 8 1 A 6 A 1 0 A 7 A 0 01:0000 The CR10X has read the sensor and stored the result again. The internal temp is now 21.423 oC. The value is updated every 5 seconds when the table is executed. At this point the CR10X is measuring the temperature every 5 seconds and sending the value to Input Storage. No data are being saved. The next step is to have the CR10X send each reading to Final Storage. (Remember, the Output Flag must be set first.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV5.2 SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 EDLOG Listing Program 2: *Table 1 Program 01: 5.0 Execution Interval (seconds) 1: Internal Temperature (P17) 1: 1 Loc [ CR10XTemp ] 2: Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) (P14) 1: 1 Reps 2: 1 ± 2.5 mV Slow Range 3: 5 DIFF Channel 4: 1 Type T (Copper-Constantan) 5: 1 Ref Temp Loc [ CR10XTemp ] 6: 2 Loc [ TCTemp ] 7: 1.0 Mult 8: 0.
CR10X OVERVIEW provide a range of +2500/40 = +62.5 oC (i.e., this scale will not overrange as long as the measuring junction is within 62.5 oC of the panel temperature). The resolution of the ±2.5 mV range is 0.33 µV or 0.008 oC. Parameter 3 is the analog input channel on which to make the first, and in this case only, measurement. Parameter 4 is the code for the type of thermocouple used. This information is located on the Prompt Sheet or in the description of Instruction 14 in Section 9.
CR10X OVERVIEW SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 Instruction # (Loc:Entry) Parameter (Par#:Entry) Description ∗1 Enter Program Table 1 01:60 60 second (1 minute) execution interval Key # D until is displayed 01:P00 01:P17 01:1 02:P14 (differential) Erase previous Program before continuing. Measure internal temperature Store temp in Location 1 Measure thermocouple temperature 01:1 02:1 03:5 04:1 05:1 06:2 07:1 08:0 1 repetition Range code (2.
CR10X OVERVIEW 09: P74 01:1 02:10 03:2 Minimize instruction One repetition Output the time of the daily minimum in hours and minutes Data source is Input Storage Location 2. The program to make the measurements and to send the desired data to Final Storage has been entered. At this point, Instruction 96 is entered to enable data transfer from Final Storage to Storage Module. 10:P96 1:71 Activate Serial Data Output. Output Final Storage data to Storage Module. The program is complete.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV6.1 ON-SITE OPTIONS PC or Laptop Running Datalogger Support Software Storage Modules - Rugged, battery-backed RAM or Flash storage modules reliably store data over a -35° to +65°C (-55° to +85°C, optional) temperature range. Storage Modules can be left connected to the datalogger or carried to the field to retrieve data from the datalogger’s memory. Programs from the storage module can be downloaded automatically on datalogger power-up.
CR10X OVERVIEW laptop, but does not provide isolation. The SC929 draws approximately 100 mA from the datalogger while connected. permits dashboard mounting in a variety of vehicles without obstructing the view of the driver. DSP4 Heads-up Display - (Primarily intended for vehicle test applications.) Displays any four parameters concurrently with alphanumeric labels in real time. Also provides uninterrupted display while data is transferred to storage modules.
CR10X OVERVIEW Ethernet - Our network link interfaces allow any Campbell Scientific datalogger with an RS-232 or CS I/O port to communicate with a computer using TCP/IP. This allows our dataloggers to communicate over a local network or a dedicated internet connection. Multidrop - The MD9 Multidrop Interface links a central computer to over 200 dataloggers on a single coaxial cable. Total coax cable length can be up to three miles.
CR10X OVERVIEW OV7. SPECIFICATIONS Electrical specifications are valid over a -25° to +50°C range unless otherwise specified; non-condensing environment required. To maintain electrical specifications, yearly calibrations are recommended. PROGRAM EXECUTION RATE PERIOD AVERAGING MEASUREMENTS CR10XTCR THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE Program is synchronized with real-time up to 64 Hz. One measurement with data transfer is possible at this rate without interruption.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1 DATALOGGER PROGRAMS - ∗1, ∗2, ∗3, AND ∗4 MODES Data acquisition and processing functions are controlled by user-entered instructions contained in program tables. Programming can be separated into 2 tables, each having its own user-entered execution interval. A third table is available for programming subroutines which may be called by instructions in Tables 1 or 2 or by a special interrupt. The ∗1 and ∗2 Modes are used to access Tables 1 and 2.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1.2 SUBROUTINES Table 3 is used to enter subroutines which may be called with Program Control Instructions in Tables 1 and 2 or other subroutines. The group of instructions which form a subroutine starts with Instruction 85, Label Subroutine, and ends with Instruction 95, End (Section 12). Subroutines 96, 97, and 98 have the unique capability of being executed when a port goes high (ports 6, 7, and 8 respectively).
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES not support the ∗4 mode. Please contact Campbell Scientific for upgrade details. Any program parameter or execution interval can be marked for inclusion in the table, as illustrated below. PROGRAM * 01: 01: Table 1 Program 0.0 Execution Interval (seconds) @@0 Volts (SE) (P1) 1: 1 Reps 2: 1 ±2.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES entered and prior to saving a program listing in the ∗D Mode. The compile function is only executed after a program change has been made and any subsequent use of any of these modes will return to the mode without recompiling. When the ∗0 or ∗B Mode is used to compile, all output ports and flags are set low, the timer is reset, and data values contained in Input and Intermediate Storage are reset to zero.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Storage location 20, key in "*6 20 A". The ID portion of the display shows the last 2 digits of the location number. If the value stored in the location being monitored is the result of a program instruction, the value on the keyboard/display will be the result of the most recent scan and will be updated each time the instruction is executed. When using the ∗6 Mode from a remote terminal, a number (any number) must be sent before the value shown will be updated.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Input Storage is used to store the results of Input/Output and Processing Instructions. The values stored in input locations may be displayed using the ∗6 Mode (Section 1.3). necessary for averages, standard deviations, histograms, etc. Intermediate Storage is not accessible by the user. Final Storage holds stored data for a permanent record. Output Instructions store data in Final Storage when the Output Flag is set (Section 3.7).
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Flash Memory (EEPROM) Total 128 Kbytes Operating System (96 Kbytes) How it works: The Operating System is loaded into Flash Memory at the factory. System Memory is used while the CR10X is running for calculations, buffering data and general operating tasks. Any time a user loads a program into the CR10X, the program is compiled in SRAM and stored in the Active Program areas. If the CR10X is powered off and then on, the Active Program is loaded from Flash and run.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.5.2 ∗A MODE The ∗A Mode is used to 1) determine the number of locations allocated to Input Storage, Intermediate Storage, Final Storage Area 2, Final Storage Area 1, and Program Memory; 2) repartition this memory; 3) check the number of bytes remaining in Program memory; 4) erase Final Storage; and 5) to completely reset the datalogger. A second Final Storage area (Storage Area 2) can be allocated in the ∗A Mode.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Intermediate Storage and Final Storage are erased when memory is repartitioned. This feature may be used to clear memory without altering programming. The number of locations does not actually need to be changed; the same value can be keyed in and entered. If Intermediate Storage size is too small to accommodate the programs or instructions entered, the "E:04" ERROR CODE will be displayed in the ∗0, ∗6, and ∗B Modes.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.7-1. ∗C Mode Entries SECURITY DISABLED Keyboard Entry ∗ C Display ID: Data 01:XXXX A 02:XXXX A 03:XXXX Description Non-zero password blocks entry to ∗1, ∗2, ∗3, ∗A, and ∗D Modes, and P, S, and T telecommunication commands. Non-zero password blocks ∗4, ∗5, and ∗6 except for display, and J and U telecommunication commands. Non-zero password blocks ∗5, ∗6, ∗7, ∗8, ∗9, ∗B, and all telecommunications commands except A, L, N, and E.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.8-1.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES program. When retrieving a program, the programs are searched beginning with the last program saved; the most recently saved version will be retrieved. An older program with a duplicate name cannot be retrieved. When the flash program memory is full, all programs must be erased before any more can be added (error 94 will be displayed). 1.8.2 PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH STORAGE MODULE Storage Modules can store up to eight separate programs.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.8.6 SET INITIAL BAUD TABLE 1.8-11. Set Program Compile Option Table 1.8-10 shows the option codes available for setting the initial baud rate. Setting the initial baud rate forces the CR10X to try the selected baud rate first when connecting with a device. TABLE 1.8-9. Set Initial Baud Rate / Set RS232 Power Key Entry Display Comments *D 13:00 Enter Command 12A 12:00 Connect Baud Rate Enter Baud Rate Code X (Table 1.8-11).
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1 FINAL STORAGE AREAS, OUTPUT ARRAYS, AND MEMORY POINTERS Final Storage is the memory where final processed data are stored. Final Storage data are transferred to your computer or external storage peripheral. The size of Final Storage is expressed in terms of memory locations or bytes.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE Output Processing Instructions store data into Final Storage only when the Output Flag is set. The string of data stored each time the Output Flag is set is called an OUTPUT ARRAY. The first data point in the output array is a 3 digit OUTPUT ARRAY ID. This ID number is set in one of two ways: 1.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE A precise calculation of the resolution of a number may be determined by representing the number as a mantissa between .5 and 1 multiplied by 2 raised to some integer power. The resolution is the product of that power of 2 and 2-24. For example, representing 478 as .9336 ∗ 29, the resolution is 29 ∗ 2-24 = 2-15 = 0.0000305. A description of Campbell Scientific's floating point format may be found in the description of the J and K Telecommunications Commands in Appendix C.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE is displayed by using the "#" key, the corresponding data point can be displayed by pressing the "C" key. The same element in the next Output Array with the same ID can be displayed by hitting #A. The same element in the previous array can be displayed by hitting #B. If the element is 1 (Array ID), then #A advances to the next array and #B backs up to the previous array. #0A backs up to the start of the current array.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions used to program the CR10X are divided into four types: Input/Output (I/O), Processing, Output Processing, and Program Control. I/O Instructions are used to make measurements and store the readings in input locations or to initiate analog or digital port output. Processing Instructions perform mathematical operations using data from Input Storage locations and place the results back into specified Input Storage locations.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS to be changed. See Instructions 87 and 90, Section 12, for more details. To index an input location (4 digit integer) or set port command (2 digit integer) parameter, C or "-" is pressed after keying the value but before entering the parameter. Two minus signs (--) will be displayed to the right of the parameter. possible overranging on the other analog inputs. Voltages greater than 16 volts may permanently damage the CR10X. NOTE: Voltages in excess of 5.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions to output the average temperature every 10 minutes are in Table 2 which has an execution interval of 10 seconds. The temperature will be measured 600 times in the 10 minute period, but the average will be the result of only 60 of those measurements because the instruction to average is executed only one tenth as often as the instruction to make the measurement.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS As an example, suppose it is desired to obtain a wind speed rose incorporating only wind speeds greater than or equal to 4.5 m/s. The wind speed rose is computed using the Histogram Instruction 75, and wind speed is stored in input location 14, in m/s. Instruction 89 is placed just before Instruction 75 and is used to set Flag 9 high if the wind speed is less than 4.5 m/s: TABLE 3.7-2. Example of the Use of Flag 9 Inst. Loc. X Param. Entry No.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS location is less than the fixed value specified in Instruction 83, the command in that Instruction 83 is executed, and execution branches to the END Instruction 95 which closes the case test (see Instruction 93, Section 12). 3.8.2 NESTING FIGURE 3.8-2. Logical AND Construction If Then/Else comparisons may be nested to form logical AND or OR branching. Figure 3.82 illustrates an AND construction.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-1. Input/Output Instruction Memory and Execution Times INSTRUCTION INPUT LOC. PROG. BYTES Code 0 3.0 + 40.2 * R 1.0 + 40.0 * R 1-4 or NA 5 Code 10 11-14 1 VOLT (SE) R 15 4.6 + 5.2R 2.0 + 2.8R 1.6 + 20.6 * R 2.1 + 2.8R 2 VOLT (DIFF) R 15 0.6 + 9.1R 0.8 + 4.1R 2.2 + 20.5 * R 0.5 + 4.2R 3 PULSE R 15 1.3 + 0.9R 4 EX-DEL-SE R 20 0.8 + 41.9 * R 4.7 + 5.3R 2.3 + 2.9R 1.4 + 22.5 * R 2.3 + 2.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-2. Processing Instruction Memory and Execution Times R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION INPUT LOC. MEMORY INTER. LOC. 30 Z=F 1 0 31 Z=X 1 0 32 Z=Z+1 1 0 33 Z=X+Y 1 0 34 Z=X+F 1 0 35 Z=X-Y 1 0 36 Z=X∗Y 1 0 37 Z=X∗F 1 0 38 Z=X/Y 1 0 39 Z=SQRT(X) 1 0 40 Z=LN(X) 1 0 41 Z=EXP(X) 1 0 42 Z=1/X 1 0 43 Z=ABS(X) 1 0 44 Z=FRAC(X) 1 0 45 Z=INT(X) 1 0 46 Z=X MOD F 1 0 Y 1 0 47 Z=X 48 Z=SIN(X) 1 0 49 SPA. MAX 1 or 2 0 50 SPA. MIN 1 or 2 0 51 SPA.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-3. Output Instruction Memory and Execution Times R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION INTER. LOC. 69 WIND VECTOR 2+9R MEM. FINAL VALUES1 PROG.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3.10 ERROR CODES There are four types of errors flagged by the CR10X: Compile, Run Time, Editor, and ∗D Mode. Compile errors are errors in programming which are detected once the program is entered and compiled for the first time (∗0, ∗6, or ∗B Mode entered). If a programming error is detected during compilation, an E is displayed with the 2 digit error code.
SECTION 3.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS External data storage devices are used to provide a data transfer medium that the user can carry from the test site to the lab and to supplement the internal storage capacity of the CR10X, allowing longer periods between visits to the site. The standard data storage peripheral for the CR10X is the Storage Module (Section 4.4). Output to a printer or related device is also possible (Section 4.3).
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS Instruction 96 has a single parameter which specifies the peripheral to send output to. Table 4.1-1 lists the output device codes. connector becomes available, each device in the queue gets its turn. Code Device An output request is not put in the queue if the same device is already in the queue. The data contained in the queue (and which determine a unique entry) are the device, baud rate (if applicable), and the Final Storage Area.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4.2 MANUALLY INITIATED DATA OUTPUT - ∗8 MODE Data transfer to a peripheral device can be manually initiated in the ∗8 Mode. This process requires that the user have access to the CR10X through a terminal or the CR10KD. The ∗8 Mode allows the user to retrieve a specific block of data, on demand, regardless of whether or not the CR10X is programmed for on-line data output.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS FIGURE 4.3-1. Example of CR10X Printable ASCII Output Format 4.3.2 COMMA SEPARATED ASCII Comma Separated ASCII strips all IDs, leading zeros, unnecessary decimal points and trailing zeros, and plus signs. Data points are separated by commas. Arrays are separated by Carriage Return Line Feed. Comma Separated ASCII requires approximately 6 bytes per data point. Example: 1,234,1145,23.65,-12.26,625.9 1,234,1200,24.1,-10.98,650.3 4.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS will address that Storage Module regardless of the address that is assigned to the Module. Address 1 would be used with Instruction 96 if several Storage Modules with different addresses were connected to the CR10X and were to be filled sequentially. The Storage modules would be configured as fill and stop. When the lowest addressed Module was full data would be written to the next lowest addressed Module, etc. 4.4.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS TABLE 4.5-1. ∗9 Commands for Storage Module COMMAND DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1 01: 0000 3 01: XX 03: 01 4 04: XX RESET, enter 248 to erase all data and programs. While erasing, the SM checks memory. The number of good chips is then displayed (6 for SM192, 22 SM716). INSERT FILE MARK, 1 indicates that the mark was inserted, 0 that it was not.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Campbell Scientific has developed a software package which automates data retrieval and facilitates the programming of Campbell Scientific dataloggers and the handling of data files. This package, PC208W, has been designed to meet most needs in datalogger support and telecommunications. Therefore, information in this section is not necessary for most datalogger applications.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1. ∗ from datalogger means "ready for command". 2. All commands are of the form: [no.]letter, where the number may or may not be optional. 3. Valid characters are the numbers 0-9, the capital letters A-U, the colon (:), and the carriage return (CR). 4. An illegal character increments a counter and zeros the command buffer, returning a ∗. 5. CR to datalogger means "execute". 6.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TABLE 5.1-1. Telecommunications Commands Command [F.S. Area]A Description SELECT AREA/STATUS - If 1 or 2 does not precede the A to select the Final Storage Area, the CR10X will default to the Area last used (initially this is Area 1). All subsequent commands other than A will address the area selected.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS [loc. no.]I Display/change value at Input Storage location. CR10X sends the value stored at the location. A new value and CR may then be sent. CR10X sends checksum. If no new value is sent (CR only), the location value will remain the same. 3142J TOGGLE FLAGS AND SET UP FOR K COMMAND - Used in the Monitor Mode and with the Heads Up Display. See Appendix C for details. 2413J SET UP FOR K COMMAND - Used in the Monitor Mode and with the Heads Up Display.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS S Returns Mode A Memory Allocation registers (first group of 01: to 06:) and Mode B Status/On-board Firmware registers (second group of 01: to 11:) T SDM-SIO4 talk through command Address: Port T Address = 0..15 Port = 0..4 nnnnU Returns V[value] C[checksum] where nnnn refers to an input location, port, or flag, V is the value at the input location, port or flag, and C is the checksum. For nnnn = 90ff, then nnnn refers to flag ff.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS keyboard commands; it recognizes all the standard CR10KD characters plus several additional characters, including the decimal point, the minus sign, and Enter (CR) (Section OV3.2). destructive backspace and does not send control Q between each entry. The 2718H Command functions the same as it does for other Campbell Scientific dataloggers (deleting an entry causes the entire entry to be sent, "control Q" is sent after each user entry).
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION All external communication peripherals connect to the CR10X through the 9-pin subminiature Dtype socket connector located on the front of the Wiring Panel (Figure 6.1-1). Table 6.1-1 shows the I/O pin configuration, and gives a brief description of the function of each pin. FIGURE 6.1-1. 9-pin Female Connector TABLE 6.1-1. Pin Description ABR = Abbreviation for the function name. PIN = Pin number. O = Signal Out of the CR10X to a peripheral.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT FIGURE 6.2-1. Hardware Enabled and Synchronously Addressed Peripherals 6.2 ENABLING AND ADDRESSING PERIPHERALS While several peripherals may be connected in parallel to the 9-pin port, the CR10X has only one transmit line (pin 9) and one receive line (pin 4, Table 6.1-1).
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT Synchronously addressed peripherals include the CR10KD Keyboard Display, Storage Modules, SDC99 Synchronous Device Interface (SDC99), and RF95 RF Modem when configured as a synchronous device. The SDC99 interface is used to address peripherals which are normally enabled (Figure 6.2-1). 6.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.5 MODEM/TERMINAL PERIPHERALS The CR10X considers any device with an asynchronous serial communications port which raises the Ring line (and holds it high until the ME line is raised) to be a modem peripheral. Modem/terminals include Campbell Scientific phone modems, and most computers, terminals, and modems using the SC32A Optically Isolated RS232 Interface or the SC932 RS232 DCE Interface. When a modem raises the Ring line, the CR10X responds by raising the ME line.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT State 2 requires all SDs to drop the Ring line and prepare for addressing. The CR10X then synchronously clocks 8 bits onto TXD using CLK/HS as a clock. The least significant bit is transmitted first and is always logic high. Each bit transmitted is stable on the rising edge of CLK/HS. The SDs shift in bits from TXD on the rising edge of CLK/HS provided by the CR10X. The CR10X can only address one device per State 2 cycle.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE 6.7-1. SC32A Pin Description PIN = O = I = Pin number Signal Out of the SC32A to a peripheral Signal Into the SC32A from peripheral satisfy hardware handshake requirements of the computer/terminal. Table 6.7-2 lists the most common RS232 configuration for Data Terminal Equipment. TABLE 6.7-2.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT FIGURE 6.7-1. Transmitting the ASCII Character 1 6.7.3 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL/TROUBLE SHOOTING The ASCII standard defines an alphabet consisting of 128 different characters where each character corresponds to a number, letter, symbol, or control code. An ASCII character is a binary digital code composed of a combination of seven "bits", each bit having a binary state of 1 (one) or 0 (zero).
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT IF NOTHING HAPPENS If the CR10X is connected to the SC32A RS232 interface and a modem/terminal, and an "∗" is not received after sending carriage returns: 1. Verify that the CR10X has power AT THE 12V AND GROUND INPUTS, and that the cables connecting the devices are securely connected. 2. Verify that the port of the modem/terminal is an asynchronous serial communications port configured as DTE (see Table 6.7-2).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This section gives some examples of Input Programming for common sensors used with the CR10X. These examples detail only the connections, Input, Program Control, and Processing Instructions necessary to perform measurements and store the data in engineering units in Input Storage. Output Processing Instructions are omitted (see Section 8 for some processing and program control examples).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES ;Measure Relative Humidity. ; 04: Volts (SE) (P1) 1: 1 Reps 2: 25 ±2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range 3: 6 SE Channel 4: 2 Loc [ RH_pct ] 5: .1 Mult 6: 0 Offset ; 05: Do (P86) 1: 51 Set Port 1 Low INPUT LOCATIONS 1 Temp_C 2 RH_pct ;Turn CS500 off. CR10X 3H 3L SWITCHED 12V AG G Temperature (Black) Relative Humidity (Brown) 12 V (Red) Signal/Power Ground (Green) Shield (Clear) C1 SWITCHED 12V CONTROL Jumper FIGURE 7.1-1. Wiring Diagram for CS500 FIGURE 7.2-1.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES LI-6262 ground = 1A ∗ 6.5 ohms/1000 ft ∗ 10 ft = +0.065 V 7.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT Some sensors either contain or require active signal conditioning circuitry to provide an easily measured analog voltage output. Generally, the output is referenced to the sensor ground. The associated current drain usually requires a power source external to the CR10X.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.3 THERMOCOUPLE TEMPERATURES USING THE OPTIONAL CR10TCR TO MEASURE THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE The CR10TCR Thermocouple Reference is a temperature reference for thermocouples measured with the CR10X Measurement and Control Module. When installed, the CR10TCR lies between the two analog input terminal strips of the CR10X Wiring Panel (see Figure 7.3-1).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES In the following example, an external temperature measurement is used as the reference for 5 thermocouple measurements. A Campbell Scientific 107 Temperature Probe is used to measure the reference temperature. The connection scheme is shown in Figure 7.4-1. If a more accurate reference temperature is needed, use Campbell Scientific's AM25T Solid State Thermocouple Multiplexer (Section 8.10).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.7 ANEMOMETER WITH PHOTOCHOPPER OUTPUT An anemometer with a photochopper transducer produces a pulse output which is measured by the CR10X's Pulse Count Instruction. The Pulse Count Instruction with a Configuration Code of 20, measures "high frequency pulses", "discards data from excessive intervals", and "outputs the reading as a frequency" (Hz = pulses per second). The frequency output is the only output option that is independent of the scan rate.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.8 TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAGE WITH LONG LEADS A tipping bucket rain gage is measured with the Pulse Count Instruction configured for Switch Closure. Counts from long intervals will be used, as the final output desired is total rainfall (obtained with Instruction 72, Totalize). If counts from long intervals were discarded, less rainfall would be recorded than was actually measured by the gage (assuming there were counts in the long intervals).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.9-1. Wiring Diagram for PRT in 4 Wire Half Bridge The result of Instruction 9 when the first differential measurement (V1) is not made on the 2.5 V range is equivalent to Rs/Rf. Instruction 16 computes the temperature (°C) for a DIN 43760 standard PRT from the ratio of the PRT resistance at the temperature being measured to its resistance at 0°C (Rs/R0).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.10-1. 3 Wire Half Bridge Used to Measure 100 ohm PRT 7.10 100 OHM PRT IN 3 WIRE HALF BRIDGE The temperature measurement requirements in this example are the same as in Section 7.9. In this case, a three wire half bridge, Instruction 7, is used to measure the resistance of the PRT. The diagram of the PRT circuit is shown in Fig. 7.10-1. As in the example in Section 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.11-1. Full Bridge Schematic for 100 ohm PRT 7.11 100 OHM PRT IN 4 WIRE FULL BRIDGE This example describes obtaining the temperature from a 100 ohm PRT in a 4 wire full bridge (Instruction 6). The temperature being measured is in a constant temperature bath and is to be used as the input for a control algorithm. The PRT in this case does not adhere to the DIN standard (alpha = 0.00385) used in the temperature calculating Instruction 16.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES nonlinearity of a PRT with the temperature coefficient of 0.00392/°C is minute compared with the slope change. Entering a slope correction factor of 0.00385/0.00392 = 0.98214 as the multiplier in Instruction 16 results in a calculated temperature which is well within the accuracy specifications of the PRT. PROGRAM 01: Full Bridge (P6) 1: 1 Reps 2: 21 ±2.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.13-1. Lysimeter Weighing Mechanism 7.13 LYSIMETER - 6 WIRE FULL BRIDGE When a long cable is required between a load cell and the CR10X, the resistance of the wire can create a substantial error in the measurement if the 4 wire full bridge (Instruction 6) is used to excite and measure the load cell. This error arises because the excitation voltage is lower at the load cell than at the CR10X due to voltage drop in the cable.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.13-2. 6 Wire Full Bridge Connection for Load Cell copper changes 0.4% per degree C change in temperature. Assume that the cable between the load cell and the CR10X lays on the soil surface and undergoes a 25°C diurnal temperature fluctuation. If the resistance is 33 ohms at the maximum temperature, then at the minimum temperature, the resistance is: The reciprocal of this gives the multiplier to convert mV/V1 into millimeters.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES to Final Storage (not shown in Table) every hour. The average is used, instead of a sample, in order to cancel out effects of wind loading on the lysimeter. PROGRAM 01: Full Bridge w/mv Excit (P9) 1: 1 Reps 2: 25 ±2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Ex Range 3: 22 ±7.5 mV 60 Hz Rejection Br Range 4: 1 DIFF Channel 5: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 6: 2500 mV Excitation 7: 1 Loc [ Raw_mm ] 8: 46.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES PROGRAM 01: 02: 03: AC Half Bridge (P5) 1: 6 Reps 2: 15 ±2500 mV Fast Range 3: 1 SE Channel 4: 1 Ex Channel Option 5: 2500 mV Excitation 6: 1 Loc [ H2O_bar#1 ] 7: 1 Mult 8: 0 Offset BR Transform 1: 6 2: 1 3: .1 Rf[X/(1-X)] (P59) Reps Loc [ H2O_bar#1 ] Multiplier (Rf) Polynomial (P55) 1: 6 Reps 2: 1 X Loc [ H2O_bar#1 ] 3: 1 F(X) Loc [ H2O_bar#1 ] 4: .15836 C0 5: 6.1445 C1 6: -8.4189 C2 7: 9.2493 C3 8: -3.1685 C4 9: .33392 C5 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES PROGRAM 01: Excite-Delay (SE) (P4) 1: 5 Reps 2: 25 ±2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range 3: 1 SE Channel 4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 5: 10 Delay (units 0.01 sec) 6: 2000 mV Excitation 7: 1 Loc [ Temp_C#1 ] 8: .001 Mult 9: 0 Offset 02: Polynomial (P55) 1: 5 Reps 2: 1 X Loc [ Temp_C#1 ] 3: 1 F(X) Loc [ Temp_C#1 ] 4: -53.784 C0 5: 147.97 C1 6: -218.76 C2 7: 219.05 C3 8: -111.34 C4 9: 23.365 C5 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The following calculations are based on using a Geokon model 4500 Vibrating Wire sensor. An individual multiplier and offset must be calculated for each sensor used in a system. MULTIPLIER The fundamental equation relating frequency to pressure is P = -FxG + B where P = pressure, PSI G = the Gage Factor obtained from the sensors calibration sheet in PSI/digit. The units of a digit are Hz2(10-3). B = offset Fx = f2Hz2(10-3), where f is frequency.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.16-2.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.16-3. Hook up to AVW1 PROGRAM 02: AVW1 & CR10X USED TO MEASURE 1 GEOKON VIBRATING WIRE SENSOR. * Table 1 Program 01: 60 01: Execution Interval (seconds) Excite-Delay (SE) (P4) 1: 1 Reps 2: 15 ±2500 mV Fast Range 3: 1 SE Channel 4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 5: 1 Delay (units 0.01 sec) 6: 2500 mV Excitation 7: 1 Loc [ Temp ] 8: .001 Mult 9: 0 Offset 03: Polynomial (P55) 1: 1 Reps 2: 1 X Loc [ Temp ] 3: 1 F(X) Loc [ Temp 4: -104.78 C0 5: 378.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: Z=X+F (P34) 1: 1 2: -24 3: 3 Z=X*F (P37) 1: 3 2: -.0698 3: 3 TABLE 7.17-1 Period Averaging Inst. 27 X Loc [ Temp ] F Z Loc [ Temp_Comp ] X Loc [ Temp_Comp ] F Z Loc [ Temp_Comp ] Z=X+Y (P33) 1: 3 X Loc [ Temp_Comp ] 2: 2 Y Loc [ Pressure ] 3: 2 Z Loc [ Pressure ] IF (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 5 X Loc [ Cmpile_Ck ] 2: 1 = 3: 0 F 4: 30 Then Do Z=X+F (P34) 1: 2 2: 47.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES TIME OUT, PARAMETER 5 The "time out", Parameter 5, specifies the maximum length of time the instruction waits on each repetition to receive the number of cycles specified in Parameter 4. The time out units are 0.01 seconds. The minimum time out is the time required to receive the specified number of cycles at the maximum expected frequency.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.17-1. CR10X/Paroscientific "T" Series Transducer Wiring Diagram PROGRAM EXAMPLE The following example reads the coefficients from a subroutine only when the datalogger program is compiled. The coefficients are stored in Input Locations 3 through 16. The temperature frequency is read on single-ended Channel 1 and stored in Input Location 1. Pressure is measured on single-ended Channel 2 and stored in Location 2.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES ;Find Temperature and Pressure. ; 04: Paroscientific (P64) 1: 1 Loc [ Temp_us ] 2: 19 Loc [ Temp_C ] * Table 3 Subroutines 01: Beginning of Subroutine (P85) 1: 1 Subroutine 1 02: Bulk Load (P65) 1: 5.8603 F 2: -3970.3 F 3: -7114.3 F 4: 102.78 F 5: 70.294 F 6: 6.6101 F 7: -119.29 F 8: 30.884 F 9: 3 Loc [ U0 03: 04: Bulk Load (P65) 1: 0 F 2: 26.337 F 3: .85170 F 4: 21.801 F 5: 0 F 6: 0 F 7: 1 F 8: 0 F 9: 11 Loc [ D2 ] 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES CR10X H 4H 4L 100 Ω ±0.01% L 4 to 20 mA Sensor GND AG CURS100 G 12V G FIGURE 7.18-1 Wiring Diagram for CURS100 Terminal Input Module and 4 to 20 mA Sensor.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES The following examples are intended to illustrate the use of Processing and Program Control Instructions, flags, dual Final Storage, and the capability to direct the results of Output Processing Instructions to Input Storage. The specific examples may not be as important as some of the techniques employed, for example: Directing Output Processing to Input Storage is used in the Running Average and Rainfall Intensity examples (8.1 and 8.2).
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 06: Sample (P70) 1: 1 Reps 2: 2 Loc [ 10smpl_av ] 03: Set Active Storage Area (P80) 1: 3 Input Storage Area 2: 3 Array ID or Loc [ avg_i ] 04: Average (P71) 1: 1 Reps 2: 5 Loc [ XX_mg_M3 ] 05: Spatial Average (P51) 1: 3 Swath 2: 1 First Loc [ avg_i_2 ] 3: 4 Avg Loc [ 3_Hr_avg ] In the above example, all samples for the average are stored in input locations. This is necessary when an average must be output with each new sample.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Every 15 minutes, the total rain is sent to Input Storage. If the total is not equal to 0, output is redirected to Final Storage Area 1, the time is output and the total is sampled. 8.3 USING CONTROL PORTS AND LOOP TO RUN AM416 MULTIPLEXER PROGRAM * 01: 01: Table 1 Program 60.0 Execution Interval (seconds) Pulse (P3) 1: 1 2: 1 3: 2 4: 1 5: .
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.3-1. AM416 Wiring Diagram For Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements 6: 7: 8: PROGRAM * 01: Table 1 Program 600.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES INPUT LOCATIONS 1 Ref_Temp 2 TC_#1 3 TC_#2 4 TC_#3 5 TC_#4 6 TC_#5 7 TC_#6 8 TC_#7 9 TC_#8 10 TC_#9 11 TC_#10 12 TC_#11 13 TC_#12 14 TC_#13 15 TC_#14 16 TC_#15 17 TC_#16 18 Soil_#1 19 Soil_#2 20 Soil_#3 21 Soil_#4 22 Soil_#5 23 Soil_#6 24 Soil_#7 25 Soil_#8 26 Soil_#9 27 Soil_#10 28 Soil_#11 29 Soil_#12 30 Soil_#13 31 Soil_#14 32 Soil_#15 33 Soil_#16 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 03: If time is (P92) 1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a 2: 60 Interval (same units as above) 3: 10 Set Output Flag High 04: Real Time (P77) 1: 0110 Day,Hour/Minute 05: Totalize (P72) 1: 3 2: 10 01: Excite-Delay (SE) (P4) 1: 1 Reps 2: 14 ±250 mV Fast Range 3: 1 SE Channel 4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 5: 5 Delay (units 0.01 sec) 6: 1000 mV Excitation 7: 2 Loc [ 0_360_WD ] 8: .
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 08: 09: Scaling Array (A*Loc+B) (P53) 1: 5 Start Loc [ WS_out ] 2: 10 A1 ;Scale WS, 0 to 100 mph = 0 to 1000 mV 3: 0 B1 4: 1.8519 A2 ;Scale WD, 0 to 540 deg = 0 to 1000 mV 5: 0 B2 6: 25 A3 ;Scale Temp, 0 to 40 C = 0 to 1000 mV 7: 0 B3 8: 1000 A4 ;Scale Rad, 0 to 1 KW = 1 to 1000 mV 9: 0 B4 SDM-A04 (P103) 1: 4 Reps 2: 30 Address 3: 5 Loc [ WS_out 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 07: Z=X (P31) 1: 2 2: 10 X Loc [ 0_360_WD ] Z Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 08: IF (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 10 X Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 2: 4 < 3: 180 F 4: 30 Then Do 09: If Flag/Port (P91) 1: 11 Do if Flag 1 is High 2: 30 Then Do 10: Z=X+F (P34) 1: 10 X Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 2: 360 F 3: 10 Z Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 11: Z=X (P31) 1: 10 2: 6 12: End (P95) 13: End (P95) 14: End (P95) X Loc [ 0_540_WD ] Z Loc [ 0_540_out ] Area 2.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES PROGRAM * 01: ;Loop 1, Output every 10 seconds for 10 minutes. ; 02: Beginning of Loop (P87) 1: 1 Delay 2: 60 Loop Count 04: Do (P86) 1: 1 07: 15: Do (P86) 1: 1 10: Do (P86) 1: 1 Call Subroutine 1 12: 13: Do (P86) 1: 1 Call Subroutine 1 End (P95) ;Loop 5, Output every 5 minutes for 700 minutes.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.10 COVARIANCE CORRELATION PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE The example is a 2 level meteorological tower with 5 sensors at each level. The three components of the wind are measured using prop anemometers. Two thermocouples (TC) are used to measure ambient and wet-bulb temperatures and calculate water vapor pressure on-line. All sensors are scanned once per second (1 Hz) and a 5 minute subinterval averaging period with a 30 minute Output Interval is specified.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Table 8.10-3 lists the input channel configuration and Input Storage allocation for the measured values. After reading the new input samples, the Level 2 measurements are relocated using the Block Move Instruction 54, then Ta1 is relocated through a separate move and e1 is positioned by specifying the destination location in the Wet/Dry-Bulb Instruction. The COV/CORR Instruction must be entered twice, once for each level.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES PROGRAM * 01: 10: Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) (P14) 1: 1 Reps 2: 11 ±2.5 mV Fast Range 3: 4 DIFF Channel 4: 2 Type E (Chromel-Constantan) 5: 16 Ref Temp Loc [ Ref_Temp ] 6: 7-Loc [ Ta2 ] 7: 1 Mult 8: 0 Offset 11: End (P95) 12: Do (P86) 1: 52 Set Port 2 Low Z=X*F (P37) 1: 1 2: 1.2222 3: 1 X Loc [ W1 F Z Loc [ W1 Z=X*F (P37) 1: 4 2: 1.2222 3: 4 X Loc [ W2 F Z Loc [ W2 Table 1 Program 1 Execution Interval (seconds) 01: Set Port(s) (P20) 1: 9999 C8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 20: 21: Covariance/Correlation (P62) 1: 5 No. of Input Locations 2: 5 No. of Means 3: 5 No. of Variances 4: 0 No. of Std. Dev. 5: 4 No. of Covariance 6: 2 No. of Correlations 7: 300 Samples per Average 8: 1 First Sample Loc [ W1 9: 20 Loc [ MEAN_W1 ] Covariance/Correlation (P62) 1: 5 No. of Input Locations 2: 5 No. of Means 3: 5 No. of Variances 4: 0 No. of Std. Dev. 5: 9 No. of Covariance 6: 2 No.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.11 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM EXAMPLES 8.11.1. EXAMPLE WITHOUT BIN AVERAGING The CR10X was used to generate data representing two superimposed sine wave signals, one at 1.25 Hz (amplitude = 1) and the other at 0.25 Hz (amplitude = 2). The 1024 generated samples simulate a sampling rate of 10 Hz or a 0.1 second scan rate. Figure 8.11-1 shows a plot of the simulated signal.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.11-2. FFT Power Spectra Analysis of 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal TABLE 8.11-1. FFT Real and Imaginary Results 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal 8-16 BIN # 0 . 1 .. 2 3 Hz 0 0.009766 0.019532 0.029298 FFT Ri 0.02303 0.01036 -0.00206 0 FFT Ii 0 0 0 0 22 23 24 25 26 . 27 .. 28 29 0.214852 0.224618 0.234384 0.24415 0.253916 0.263682 0.273448 0.283214 -0.00086 0.01096 -0.19328 0.59858 -0.65827* 0.26778 -0.02466 0.00086 -0.00009 0.0036 -0.06277 0.19439 -0.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.11-2. FFT Magnitude and Phase Results 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal BIN # 0 1 2 . 3 .. Hz 0 0.009766 0.019532 0.029298 FFT Mi 0.02303 0.01036 0.00206 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 . 29.. 0.214852 0.224618 0.234384 0.24415 0.253916 0.263682 0.273448 0.283214 0.00086 0.01154 0.20321 0.62935 0.69215* 0.28158 0.02592 0.00092 185.58 17.952 197.78 17.776 197.79* 17.801 197.68 21.646 125 126 127 128 129 130 . 131 .. 1.22075 1.230516 1.240282 1.250048 1.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.11-3. Simulated Ocean Buoy Wave Data FIGURE 8.11-4.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.11-4. FFT Bin Averaging Results from Simulated Ocean Buoy Wave Data BIN # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 FREQUENCY 0.00195 0.0039 0.00585 0.0078 0.00975 0.0117 0.01365 0.0156 0.01755 0.0195 0.02145 0.0234 0.02535 0.0273 0.02925 0.0312 0.03315 0.0351 0.03705 0.039 0.04095 0.0429 0.04485 0.0468 0.04875 FFT*0.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 10: 11: If Flag/Port (P91) 1: 12 Do if Flag 2 is High 2: 30 Then Do 04: FFT (P60) 1: 11 2: 1 3: 3 4: 284 05: 5: 12: 13: 14: .
SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 1H E3 AG 2H 2L 3H 3L RED BLACK CR10TCR CLEAR PURPLE ASPTC (LOWER) RED PURPLE ASPTC (UPPER) RED SWITCHED 12 V CONTROL JUMPER WIRE C1 G BLACK RED SWITCHED 12 V RED G BLACK FIGURE 8.12-1.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-1. Input Voltage Ranges and Codes Slow 2.72ms Integ. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Range Code Fast 250µs 60 Hz Reject Integ. 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 21 22 23 24 25 50 Hz Reject Full Scale Range 30 31 32 33 34 35 autorange ±2.5mV ±7.5mV ±25 mV ±250 mV ±2500 mV Resolution* 0.33 1. 3.33 33.3 333. µV µV µV µV µV * Differential measurement; resolution for single-ended measurement is twice value shown.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS CR10X CR23X 20k Pi FIGURE 9-1. Conditioning Large Voltage Pulses Use separate Pulse Count Instructions when measuring both pulse channels and control ports. All Pulse Count instructions must be kept in the same program table. If the Pulse Count Instruction is contained within a subroutine, that subroutine must be called from Table 2. *Larger input transitions are required at high frequencies because of the input RC filter with 1.2 microsecond time constant.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS resistor. When the switch is closed, the control port is at 5 V. The count is incremented when the switch closes. Maximum Frequency: 40 Hz Minimum Switch Closed Time: 6 ms Minimum Switch Open Time: 6 ms NOTE: The Reps option cannot be used to measure both Pulse Inputs and Control Ports 6, 7, and 8. Use two Instruction 3’s. NOTE: If Control Ports 6, 7, or 8 are used for pulse measurements or interrupt subroutines, the CR10X will not go into the quiescent power state (1.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-2.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 6 FULL BRIDGE WITH SINGLE *** DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT FUNCTION This Instruction is used to apply an excitation voltage to a full bridge and make a differential voltage measurement of the bridge output. The measurement is made with the polarity of the excitation voltage both positive and negative (Figure 13.5-1). The result is 1000 times the ratio of the measurement to the excitation voltage.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 05: 06: 4 4 07: 4 08: 09: FP FP Delay (0.01s) Excitation voltage (millivolts) Input location number for first measurement Multiplier Offset 07: 4 08: 09: FP FP Input locations altered: 1 per repetition *** 10 BATTERY VOLTAGE *** Input locations altered: 1 per repetition *** 9 FULL BRIDGE WITH EXCITATION *** COMPENSATION FUNCTION This instruction is used to apply an excitation voltage and make two differential voltage measurements.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 2 2 03: 2 04: 4 05: 06: FP FP DESCRIPTION Repetitions Single-ended channel number of first measurement Excitation/Integration *Code (Table 9-3) Input location number for first measurement Multiplier Offset Input locations altered: 1 per repetition *** 12 207 RELATIVE HUMIDITY PROBE *** FUNCTION This instruction applies a 1.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-4. Thermocouple Type Codes Code X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 Thermocouple Type T (copper - constantan) E (chromel - constantan) K (chromel - alumel) J (iron - constantan) B (platinum - rhodium) R (platinum - rhodium) S (platinum - rhodium) N (nickel - chromium) X=0 X=8 X=9 Normal Measurement TC input from A5B40 isolation (uses 5 V range) Output -99999 if out of common mode range (Inst. 14 only) TABLE 9-5.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS To skip the measurement portion of Instruction 14 and apply the CSI polynomials to a millivolt value in an input location, index parameter three, input channel. The input location where the thermocouple output (mV) is located is now defined by parameter three. The thermocouple must be measured with Instruction 2. PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 2 02: 4 03: 4 DESCRIPTION Option Code (see above) Number to modulo divide by Input location number Input locations altered: 1 or 5 *** 19 MOVE SIGNATURE INTO INPUT *** LOCATION FUNCTION This instruction stores the signature of the operating system and running program into an input location. The signature is a result of the CR10X operating system, the size of memory, and the entries in the ∗1, ∗2, ∗3, ∗4, ∗A, and ∗C Modes.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER 01: 02: DATA TYPE 2 4 *** 23 BURST MEASUREMENT *** DESCRIPTION Control port Input location of pulse length in hundredths of a second Input location altered: 0 Input locations read: 1 *** 22 EXCITATION WITH DELAY *** FUNCTION This instruction is used in conjunction with others for measuring a response to a timed excitation using the switched analog outputs.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Five trigger options are available for the second digit in Parameter 4: 0 trigger immediately, start saving or sending data with the first measurement made; 1 trigger if the measurement is greater than the limit entered or if the digital trigger is high; 2 trigger if the measurement is less than the limit or if the digital trigger is low; 3 trigger on rising edge; i.e.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS and I4 the offset (to the raw data) determined by the first calibration. I2 is a fixed value determined by the input range selected. I5 through In are the raw measurement data. Thus, the value of the first measurement sent (M1) in millivolts is: M1 = I2/I3 (I5 - I4) The measurement data are sent in the order that the measurements are made (i.e., the first measurement for each channel, then the second measurement for each channel, etc.).
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 05: FP 06: FP 07: 4 08: FP 09: 10: 4 4 11: FP 12: FP 2 - Trigger if below limit (low) 3 - Trigger on rising edge 4 - Trigger on falling edge C Destination 0 - Input Storage 1 - Serial port 9600 baud 2 - Serial port 76,800 baud 3 - Serial port 76,800 baud to SM192/716 D Measurement 0 - Differential measurement 1 - Single-ended measurement Scan interval (ms, minimum 1.333 x reps, limited to 1.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS the elapsed time between specific input conditions. There is only one timer and it is common to all tables (e.g., if the timer is reset in Table 1 and later in Table 2, a subsequent instruction in Table 1 to read the timer will store the elapsed time since the timer was reset in Table 2). Elapsed time is tracked in 0.125 second increments. The maximum interval that can be timed is 8191.875 seconds. The timer is also reset in response to certain keyboard entries: 1.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS c 1µF To single - ended input Sensor with DC Vo s offset D1 D2 Silicon diodes such as 1N4001 R 10k Figure 9-2. Recommended input conditioning circuit for period averaging. An internal gain stage is used to amplify lowlevel ac signals prior to a zero-crossing detector for the period averaging measurement. The minimum pulse width requirements increase (maximum frequency decreases) with increasing gain as shown in Table 9-7.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 03: 2 04: 05: 4 4 06: 4 07: 08: FP FP Single-ended input channel # Cycles to measure Time out (0.01 sec, at least the maximum duration of the number of cycles specified + 1 1/2 cycles.) Destination input location Multiplier Offset *** 29 INW PS9105 *** FUNCTION The Instrumentation Northwest PS9105 Enhanced (5 psig model) Pressure Transducer is used to measure water level.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 100 SDM TDR *** FUNCTION Instruction 100 is used to control and measure the CSI TDR Soil Moisture Measurement System with control ports C1, C2, and C3. See the TDR manual for information on Instruction 100.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Function Option 0 provides the state of the signal at the time P102 is executed. A 1 or 0 corresponds to high or low states, respectively. Function Option 1 provides signal duty cycle. The result is the percentage of time the signal is high during the sample interval. Function Option 2 provides a count of the number of positive transitions of the signal. Function Option 3 provides the signature of the SW8A PROM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS possible to control a maximum of 256 ports from the first three datalogger control ports. For each Rep, the 16 ports of the addressed SDM-CD16AC are sent according to 16 sequential input locations starting at the input location specified in parameter 3. Any non-zero value stored in an input location activates (connects to ground) the associated SDMCD16AC port. A value of zero (0) deactivates the port (open circuit).
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Command 0: the CR10X will issue the ‘M’ SDI12 measurement command and wait for the sensor to complete its measurement before requesting the data and proceeding to the next instruction in the program table. If Instruction 105 is placed in Table 1, program execution will be suspended during this delay. If it is placed in Table 2, instructions in Table 1 may be executed during this delay.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAMETER 3. PORT Enter the CR10X control port (C1-C8) connected to the SDI-12 sensor data line. The default port is C8. user does not enter a command before the mode times out (approximately 35 seconds). Security must be unlocked to level 2 before the Transparent mode is enabled. *** 106 SDI-12 SENSOR *** PARAMETER 4. INPUT LOCATION Input location where the returned data is stored.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS These two techniques can be combined allowing the sensor CR10X to function as an SDI-12 sensor and to make independent measurements. While Subroutine 98 is being executed, normal Table 1 or 2 execution scheduling may be altered or missed since Subroutine 98 is not interrupted. This is likely to occur if Subroutine 98 execution takes longer than the scan interval programmed for Table 1 or 2.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS The three values, sent in response to a V command sequence, indicate the status of the sensor CR10X. The first and second values are from the ∗B mode of the sensor CR10X, giving the number of watchdog errors (E08) and the number of table overruns that have occurred. The third is a signature of the sensor CR10X memory. This signature is created by the same technique that the Instruction 19 (Signature) uses.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 115 SET SDM BAUD *** FUNCTION Instruction 115 may be used to set the SDM communication rate. This may be necessary when communicating over longer cable lengths. The default bit period is 10 microseconds (entering either 0 or 1 will result in this period). PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 4 DESCRIPTION Bit period, 10µs units Normally this parameter represents the bit period.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 2 02: 2 03: 2 04: 4 05: 06: 4 4 07: 08: 4 4 09: 10: 4 4 11: 4 12: 13: FP FP DESCRIPTION Repetitions (Index (- - ) to skip repeat of excitation) Single-ended channel for first measurement Excitation channel number Starting Frequency (HZ) Ending Frequency (HZ) T (sweep, Units = 1 msec) N (Number of steps) Delay after excitation before measurement (Units = 1 msec) CYCLES to measure DELAY between reps (Units = 0.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS To facilitate cross referencing, parameter descriptions are keyed [ ] to the values given on the PROMPT SHEET. These values are defined as follows: [Z] = Destination input location for result [X] = Input location of X [Y] = Input location of Y [F] = Fixed Data (user specified floating point number) PARAM.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 36 X * Y *** FUNCTION Multiply X by Y and place the result in an input location (Z). PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X 02: 4 Dest. input location for 1/2 [Z] X Input locations altered: DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X [X] 02: 4 Input location of Y [Y] 03: 4 Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 43 ABS(X) *** FUNCTION Take the absolute (ABS) value of X and place the result in an input location. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 4 Input location of X [X] 02: 4 Dest. input location for ABS(X) [Z] FUNCTION Take the fractional (FRAC) value (i.e., the noninteger portion) of X and place the result in an input location. DATA TYPE 4 Input location of X 02: 4 Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Parameter 3 cannot be entered as an indexed location within a loop (Instruction 87). To use Instruction 49 within a loop, enter Parameter 3 as a fixed location and follow 49 with the Instruction 31 (Move Data). In Instruction 31, enter the location in which 49 stores its result as the source (fixed) and enter the destination as an indexed location. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Swath 02: 4 Starting input location [1ST LOC] 03: 4 Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS 05: FP Offset 2 [B2] 06: FP Multiplier 3 [A3] 07: FP Offset 3 [B3] 08: FP Multiplier 4 [A4] 09: FP Offset 4 [B4] PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 2 Repetitions 02: 4 Starting input location for X [X] 03: 4 Dest. input location for F(X) [F(X) or Z] *** 54 BLOCK MOVE *** 04: FP C0 coefficient [C0] FUNCTION Executes a "block move" of data in input locations.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 57 VAPOR PRESSURE FROM *** WET-/DRY-BULB TEMPERATURES FUNCTION Calculate vapor pressure in kilopascals from wet and dry-bulb temperatures in °C. This algorithm type is used by the National Weather Service: VP = VPW - A(1 + B*TW)(TA - TW) P VP = ambient vapor pressure in kilopascals VPW = saturation vapor pressure at the wetbulb temperature in kilopascals TW = wet-bulb temperature, °C TA = ambient air temperature, °C P = air pressure in kilopascals A = 0.000660 B = 0.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 60 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM *** THEORY Instruction 60 performs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on a set of data contained in contiguous locations in Input Storage. The FFT is used to obtain information on the relative magnitudes and phases of the various frequency components in a time varying signal. FFT theory requires that the signal be sampled at a frequency that is at least two times faster than the highest frequency component in the signal.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS the magnitude and phase components. Bin averaging is not allowed with this option. Second Digit: A "0" in the second digit specifies that no taper be applied, whereas a "1" specifies that a taper be applied. If the original data set is not known to be periodic with an integral number of periods in the data set, then it is necessary to apply a taper to the beginning and end of the data. The taper that is applied is a four term Blackman-Harris as specified by Fredric J.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS REAL AND IMAGINARY COMPONENTS The result of the FFT when the real and imaginary option is selected is N/2 input locations containing the real components (Ri) followed by N/2 input locations containing the imaginary components (Ii). There is a real and an imaginary component for each bin. The value of i varies from 1 to N/2.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS BIN FREQUENCY The band width or the frequency covered by each averaged bin is equal to FA/N where F is the sample frequency in Hz (1/scan interval in seconds) and A is the number of bins being averaged.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 61 INDIRECT INDEXED MOVE *** FUNCTION Moves input data from location X to location Y, where X and Y are indirectly addressed (X and Y are stored in the locations specified by Parameters 1 and 2). If a location parameter is specified as "indexed" (xxxx--), then the actual input location referenced is calculated by adding the current index counter to the value in the specified input location.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 10-2. Maximum Number of Outputs and Output Order for K Input Values. (The output order flows from left to right and from top to bottom) INPUTS: TYPE MAX NO. OUTPUTS X1 X2 X3 X4 (1st) (2nd) (3rd) OUTPUTS (4th) ..... XK (Kth) Means K M(X1) M(X2) M(X3) M(X4) ..... M(XK) Variances K V(X1) V(X2) V(X3) V(X4) ..... V(XK) Std. Deviation K SD(X1) SD(X2) SD(X3) SD(X4) .....
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS The Averaging Period Processing occurs whenever the number of input samples entered in Parameter 7 is satisfied or whenever an Output Interval occurs (i.e., whenever the Output Flag is set). Results from these calculations are stored sequentially in Input Storage locations starting with the location specified in Parameter 9. The calculations performed are shown below, where N is the number of input samples in the averaging period: 1. Means: M(X) = ΣX/N 2.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS C = K if K < the number of correlations requested, or C = number of correlations + 1 if K > the number of correlations requested. 3. Define Q as the maximum of either the covariances or correlations desired. 4. Define P as the total number of outputs desired.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Tau = measured pressure (microsecond), U(t) = measured temperature (microsecond). Values for the calibration coefficients (U0, Y1, Y2, Y3, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) are provided by Paroscientific. Instruction 64 has two parameters as shown below. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Start Loc: U(t), Tau, U0..
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 66 ARCTAN *** FUNCTION Calculate the angle in degrees whose tangent is X/Y. The polarity of X and Y must be known to determine the quadrant of the angle, as shown here. If 0 is entered for Parameter 2, the Arctangent of X is the result (limits of ARCTAN(X) are -90° < ARCTAN < 90°). PARAM.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 69 WIND VECTOR *** FUNCTION Instruction 69 processes the primary variables of wind speed and direction from either polar (wind speed and direction) or orthogonal (fixed East and North propellers) sensors. It uses the raw data to generate the mean wind speed, the mean wind vector magnitude, and the mean wind vector direction over an output interval.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS scans when the sub-interval is 0. With a subinterval of 900 scans (15 minutes) the standard deviation is the average of the four sub-interval standard deviations. The last sub-interval is weighted if it does not contain the specified number of scans. Calculations: North sn U There are three Output Options that specify the values calculated. Θu s4 s1 s2 s3 East Option 0: Mean horizontal wind speed, S. Unit vector mean wind direction, Θ1.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS and Ux and Uy are as defined above. The speed sample may be expressed as the deviation about the mean speed, Resultant mean horizontal wind speed, U : 2 si = s i' + S 2 1/2 U =(Ue +Un ) Equating the two expressions for Cos (θ‘) and using the previous equation for si ; Un 1 − (Θ i ')2 / 2 = Ui / (s i '+S) U Solving for (Θ i ') 2 , one obtains; Ue (Θ i ') 2 = 2 − 2Ui / S − (Θ i ') 2 s i '/ S + 2s i '/ S FIGURE 11-2.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 71 AVERAGE *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the average value over the given output interval for each input location specified. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION *** 74 MINIMIZE *** FUNCTION Operating in the same manner as Program 73, this instruction is used for storing the MINIMUM value (for each input location specified) over a given output interval. 01: 2 Repetitions PARAM. NUMBER 02: 4 Starting input location no.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS while the bin select value was within a particular sub-range, the value output to Final Storage must be divided by the fraction of time that the bin select value was within that particular subrange (i.e., a standard histogram of the bin select value must also be output).
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Code Result xxx1 xx1x xx2x x1xx x2xx SECONDS (with resolution of 0.125 sec.) HOUR-MINUTE HOUR-MINUTE, 2400 instead of 0000 JULIAN DAY JULIAN DAY, previous day during first minute of new day YEAR 1xxx Any combination of Year, Day, HR-MIN, and seconds is possible (e.g., 1011: YEAR, HRMIN, SEC).
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS The output is a two dimensional Rainflow Histogram for each sensor or repetition. One dimension is the amplitude of the closed loop cycle (i.e., the distance between peak and valley); the other dimension is the mean of the cycle (i.e.,[peak value + valley value]/2).
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Execution time: 6.5 - 7.0 ms, with 60 Amplitude Bins and one Mean Bin. Intermediate Storage locations required: Reps x (Bins+2 x [No. of Amplitude Bins] + 4), where Bins = No. Mean Bins x No. Amplitude Bins. Outputs Generated: No. Mean Bins x No. Amplitude Bins x Reps *** 82 STANDARD DEVIATION IN TIME *** FUNCTION Calculate the standard deviation (STD DEV) of a given input location.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 12-1. Flag Description Flag 0 Flag 1 to 8 Flag 9 Output Flag User Flags Intermediate Processing Disable Flag TABLE 12-2.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS While 96, 97, or 98 is being executed as a result of the respective port going high, that port interrupt is disabled (i.e., the subroutine must be completed before the port going high will have any effect). NOTE: If Control Ports 6, 7, or 8 are used for pulse measurements or interrupt subroutines, the CR10X will not go into the quiescent power state (0.7 mA), if any of Control Ports 6, 7, or 8 is high.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS When the same output processing is required on values in sequential input locations, it must be accomplished by using the repetitions parameter of the Output Instruction, not by indexing the input location within a loop. An Output Instruction within a loop is allotted the same number of Intermediate Storage locations as it would receive if it were not in the loop.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS The Loop with a delay may be used so that only those instructions within the Loop are executed while certain conditions are met. As a simple example, suppose it is desired to execute one set of instructions from midnight until 6 AM, another set between 6 AM and 4 PM, and a third set between 4 PM and midnight. Between 6 AM and 4 PM, samples are desired every 10 seconds; the rest of the time one minute between samples is sufficient.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS *** 90 STEP LOOP INDEX *** FUNCTION When used within a Loop (Instruction 87), Instruction 90 will increment the index counter by a specified amount after the first time through the loop, thus affecting all indexed input location parameters in subsequent instructions. For example, if 4 is specified, the index counter will count up by 4 (0,4,8,12,...) inside the loop. Instruction 90 does not affect the loop counter which still counts by 1. PARAM.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS EXAMPLE: 01: 01: P93 2 Case Case Loc 02: 01: 02: If Case Location < F F Call Subroutine 3 04: 01: 02: P83 69.4 3 else P83 72 10 else P83 77.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS When the baud rate code specifying a checksum is used, the checksum of the data is sent as the last piece of data in the data array. This only works when sending out comma separated data. See Section 5.1 to learn about the checksum. NOTE: All memory pointers are positioned to the DSP location when the datalogger compiles a program. For this reason, Always retrieve uncollected data before making program changes. TABLE 12-6. Baud Rate Codes Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PARAM.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS Parameter 1: Parameter 4: The datalogger will call out using the modem specified in Parameter 1. If the call is to go from one type of modem to another, list the first modem to be used. For example, when calling through a RF modem to phone, you would use a code for an RF Modem. Table 12 -7 shows the different modem/baud rate options valid for this Parameter. The CR10X will repeat the call at a fast interval specified by Parameter 4 (in 1 sec. units).
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS complete ID# is not received by the CR10X within the time allotted in parameter 3, the datalogger hangs up and waits for the time for the next attempt or retry. CAUTION: Instruction 97 with the voice option and the SDI-12 instructions may not be in same table. Instruction 97 must be in Table 1 and the SDI-12 instructions must be in Table 2.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS *** 111 RUN PROGRAM FROM FLASH *** FUNCTION This instruction is used to load a program stored in FLASH into RAM. The program in RAM is replaced by the Flash program specified in Parameter 1. If Parameter 1 is indexed, the CR10X will compile the program like the ∗6 mode. Use this instruction with caution. NOTE: The memory allocation (∗A) must be the same between the program in RAM and the program that is loaded from Flash.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS 13.1 FAST AND SLOW MEASUREMENT SEQUENCE The CR10X makes voltage measurements by integrating the input signal for a fixed time and then holding the integrated value for the analog to digital (A/D) conversion. The A/D conversion is made with a 13 bit successive approximation technique which resolves the signal voltage to approximately one part in 7500 of the full scale range on a differential measurement (e.g., 1/7500 x 2.5 V = 333 uV).
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.2-1. Timing of Single-Ended Measurement 13.2 SINGLE-ENDED AND DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS NOTE: The channel numbering on the old silver wiring panel (CR10WP) refers to differential channels. Either the high or low side of a differential channel can be used for single-ended measurements. Each side must be counted when numbering singleended channels; e.g., the high and low sides of differential channel 4 are singleended channels 7 and 8, respectively.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS In order to make a differential measurement, the inputs must be within the CR10X common mode range of ±2.5 V. The common mode range is the voltage range, relative to CR10X ground, within which both inputs of a differential measurement must lie in order for the differential measurement to be made. For example, if the high side of a differential input is at 2 V and the low side is at 1 V relative to CR10X ground, there is no problem; a measurement made on the +2.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-1. Input Voltage Rise and Transient Decay 13.3.1 THE INPUT SETTLING TIME CONSTANT The rate at which an input voltage rises to its full value or that a transient decays to the correct input level are both determined by the input settling time constant. In both cases the waveform is an exponential. Figure 13.3-1 shows both a rising and decaying waveform settling to the signal level, Vso. The rising input voltage is described by Equation 13.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-2. Typical Resistive Half Bridge FIGURE 13.3-3. Source Resistance Model for Half Bridge Connected to the CR10X DETERMINING SOURCE RESISTANCE The source resistance used to estimate the settling time constant is the resistance the CR10X input "sees" looking out at the sensor. For our purposes the source resistance can be defined as the resistance from the CR10X input through all external paths back to the CR10X. Figure 13.3-2 shows a typical resistive sensor, (e.g.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-4. Wire Manufacturers Capacitance Specifications, Cw TABLE 13.3-2. Properties of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell Scientific Belden Wire # 8641 8771 8723 Conductors 1 shld. pair 1 shld. 3 cond. 2 shld.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-6. Resistive Half Bridge Connected to Single-Ended CR10X Input Ro, the source resistance, is not constant because Rb varies from 0 to 10 kohms over the 0 to 360 degree wind direction range. The source resistance is given by: Wind Direction Ro = Rd+(Rb(Rs-Rb+Rf)/(Rs+Rf)) = Rd+(Rb(20k-Rb)/20k) [13.3-12] Note that at 360 degrees, Ro is at a maximum of 6k (Rb=10k) and at 0 degrees, Ro is 1k (Rb=0).
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.3-4. Measured Peak Excitation Transients for 1000 Foot Lengths of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell Scientific Vx(mV) # 8641 2000 1000 50 25 -----------------------Veo(mV) ----------------------Rf=1 kohm Rf=10 kohm # # # # 8771 8723 8641 8771 100 65 NOTE: Excitation transients are eliminated if excitation leads are contained in a shield independent from the signal leads.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.3-5. Summary of Input Settling Data For Campbell Scientific Resistive Sensors Sensor Model # Belden Wire # 107 207(RH) WVU-7 227 237 024A 8641 8771 8723 8641 8641 8771 * ** Ro Cw τ* (kohms) (pfd/ft.) (us) 1 1 1 0.1-1 1 1-6 42 41 62 42 42 41 Input Range(mV) 45 44 65 5-45 45 1-222 Vx(mV) Veo(mV)** 2000 1500 2000 250 2500 500 50 85 0 0 65 0-90 7.5 250 7.5 250 25 250 Estimated time constants are for 1000 foot lead lengths and include 3.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS source resistance at point P (column 5) is essentially the same as the input source resistance of configuration A. Moving Rf' out to the thermistor as shown in Figure 13.3-7C optimizes the signal settling time because it becomes a function of Rf and Cw only. Columns 4 and 7 list the signal voltages as a function of temperature using a 2000 mV excitation for configurations A and C, respectively.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-7.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-8. Measuring Input Settling Error with the CR10X FIGURE 13.3-9. Incorrect Lead Wire Extension on Model 107 Temperature Sensor 13.4 THERMOCOUPLE MEASUREMENTS A thermocouple consists of two wires, each of a different metal or alloy, which are joined together at each end. If the two junctions are at different temperatures, a voltage proportional to the difference in temperatures is induced in the wires.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS 13.4.1 ERROR ANALYSIS The error in the measurement of a thermocouple temperature is the sum of the errors in the reference junction temperature, the thermocouple output (deviation from standards published in NBS Monograph 125), the thermocouple voltage measurement, and the polynomial error (difference between NBS standard and CR10X polynomial approximations).
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.4-1. Thermistor Polynomial Error When both junctions of a thermocouple are at the same temperature, there is no voltage produced (law of intermediate metals). A consequence of this is that a thermocouple cannot have an offset error; any deviation from a standard (assuming the wires are each homogeneous and no secondary junctions exist) is due to a deviation in slope. In light of this, the fixed temperature limits of error (e.g., +1.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS THERMOCOUPLE POLYNOMIALS - Voltage to Temperature Conversion REFERENCE JUNCTION COMPENSATION Temperature to Voltage NIST Monograph 175 gives high order polynomials for computing the output voltage of a given thermocouple type over a broad range of temperatures. In order to speed processing and accommodate the CR10X's math and storage capabilities, 4 separate 6th order polynomials are used to convert from volts to temperature over the range covered by each thermocouple type.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS ERROR SUMMARY The magnitude of the errors described in the previous sections illustrate that the greatest sources of error in a thermocouple temperature measurement are likely to be due to the limits of error on the thermocouple wire and in the reference temperature determined with the built-in thermistor. Errors in the thermocouple and reference temperature polynomials are extremely small, and error in the voltage measurement is negligible.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.4-2. Diagram of Junction Box Radiation shielding must be provided when a junction box is installed in the field. Care must also be taken that a thermal gradient is not induced by conduction through the incoming wires. The CR10X can be used to measure the temperature gradients within the junction box. 13.5 BRIDGE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS There are 6 bridge measurement instructions included in the CR10X software. Figure 13.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-1.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-2. Excitation and Measurement Sequence for 4 Wire Full Bridge TABLE 13.5-1. Comparison of Bridge Measurement Instructions Instr. # Circuit Description 4 DC Half Bridge The delay parameter allows the user entered settling time compensate for capacitance in long lead lengths. No polarity reversal. One single-ended measurement. Measured voltage output. 5 AC Half Bridge Rapid reversal of excitation polarity for ion depolarization.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS Calculating the actual resistance of a sensor which is one of the legs of a resistive bridge usually requires the use of one or two Processing Instructions in addition to the bridge measurement instruction. Instruction 59 takes a value, X, in a specified input location and computes the value MX/(1-X), where M is the multiplier and stores the result in the original location. Instruction 42 computes the reciprocal of a value in an input location. Table 13.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS 13.6 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS REQUIRING AC EXCITATION Some resistive sensors require AC excitation. These include the 207 Relative Humidity Probe, soil moisture blocks, water conductivity sensors, and wetness sensing grids. The use of DC excitation with these sensors can result in polarization, which will cause an erroneous measurement, and may shift the calibration of the sensor and/or lead to its rapid decay.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS In Figure 13.6-2, Vx is the excitation voltage, Rf is a fixed resistor, Rs is the sensor resistance, and RG is the resistance between the excited electrode and CR10X earth ground. With RG in the network, the measured signal is: Rs V1 = Vx __________________ (Rs+Rf) + RsRf/RG 1. When the CR10X is powered up. [13.6-1] RsRf/RG is the source of error due to the ground loop. When RG is large the equation reduces to the ideal.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS interval of 1/64 (0.0156) second the program table WILL be overrun by the automatic calibration. If an overrun occurs every time calibration is executed, then 1 execution is skipped for every 512 times that the program table is executed. If the measurements are being averaged, the effect of the overrun is negligible. Program table overruns are indicated by the appearance of two decimals on either side of the sixth digit on the CR10KD and are also stored in memory (Section 1.
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS This is a blank page.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.1 PROTECTION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT The normal environmental variables of concern are temperature and moisture. The standard CR10X is designed to operate reliably from -25° to +50°C (-55° to +85°C, optional). Internal moisture is eliminated by sealing the module at the factory with a packet of silica gel inside. The desiccant is replaced whenever the CR10X is repaired at Campbell Scientific.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE TABLE 14.2-1. Typical Current Drain for Common CR10X Peripherals Peripheral Equipment AM16/32 Multiplexer AM25T Multiplexer AM416 Multiplexer COM100 Cellular Phone COM210 Phone Modem COM300 Voice Synthesizer Modem HDR GOES Satellite Transmitter RAD Modem and SC932 Interface RF300-RF304 Radios RF95(A) RF Modem SAT Argos Satellite Transmitter SDM-AO4 SDM-CD16AC SDM-INT8 SDM-SIO4 SDM-SW8A SM4M/SM16M Storage Module Typical Current Drain (mA) Quiescent Active <0.21 6 0.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE A fresh set of eight alkaline D cells has 12.4 volts and a nominal rating of 7.5 amp-hours at 20°C. The amp-hour rating decreases with temperature as shown in Table 14.3-1. A Pan aso A -3 A BPAL -3 K RY BATTERY 12V ALKA LINE Logan, BATTERY Utah PACK MADE IN USA 1.5V DEF SE SE DEF P ana -MA L BATTERY TEMPORA AM V5.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE Temperature (°C) 20 - 50 15 10 5 0 -10 -20 -30 % of 20°C Service 100 98 94 90 86 70 50 30 CAUTION: Switch the power to "off" before disconnecting or connecting the power leads to the Wiring Panel. The Wiring Panel and PS12LA are at power ground. If 12 V is shorted to either of these, excessive current will be drawn until the thermal fuse opens. INT BATT TABLE 14.3-1.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE source is the same as connecting two lead acid batteries in parallel, causing one battery to drop voltage and the other to raise voltage. Alkaline batteries connected to the external port must have a diode in series to block charging which would cause an explosion. (The PS12ALK battery pack has this diode.) Monitor the power supply using datalogger Instruction 10.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.5 DIRECT BATTERY CONNECTION TO THE CR10X WIRING PANEL For some applications, size restrictions or other operational considerations may preclude the use of Campbell Scientific power supply options. In these cases the power supply may be connected directly to the wiring panel. Any 9.6 to 18 VDC supply may be connected to the 12 V and G terminals on the wiring panel. The metal surfaces of the wiring panel and mounting bracket are at power ground.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.7 GROUNDING 14.7.1 PROTECTION FROM LIGHTNING Primary lightning strikes are those where lightning hits the datalogger or sensors directly. Secondary strikes occur when the lightning strikes somewhere near the system and induces a voltage in the wires. The purpose of an earth ground is to minimize damage to the system by providing a low resistance path around the system to a point of low potential.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE In the field, an earth ground may be created through a grounding rod. A 12 AWG or larger wire should be run between a Wiring Panel power ground (G) terminal and the earth ground. Campbell Scientific's CM10 and CM6 Tripods and UT3 Tower come complete with ground and lightning rods, grounding wires, and appropriate ground wire clamps. 14.7.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE through a relay. Figure 14.10-2 illustrates a circuit for switching external power to a device without going through a relay. If the peripheral to be powered draws in excess of 75 mA at room temperature (limit of the 2N2907A medium power transistor), the use of a relay (Figure 14.10-1) would be required. Other control port activated circuits are possible for applications with greater current/voltage demands than shown in Figures 14.10-1 and 2.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.11 MAINTENANCE The CR10X Wiring Panel and power supplies require a minimum of routine maintenance. When not in use, the PS12LA should be stored in a cool, dry environment with the AC charging circuit activated. The BPALK alkaline supply should not drop below 9.6 V before replacement. When not in use, remove the eight cells to eliminate potential corrosion of contact points and store in a cool dry place. 14.11.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE Remove the 2 screws holding on the end cap without the connectors, and the end cap itself. The coin cell is held in place by a spring clamp. It can be removed by grabbing the edge of the cell with your fingers or by inverting the circuit board and lifting the spring clip with a fingernail until the cell falls out. RE ITE P.O.
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APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY ASCII: Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced "askee"). A specific binary code of 128 characters represented by 7 bit binary numbers. ASYNCHRONOUS: The transmission of data between a transmitting and a receiving device occurs as a series of zeros and ones. For the data to be "read" correctly, the receiving device must begin reading at the proper point in the series.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY INPUT STORAGE: That portion of memory allocated for the storage of results of Input and Processing Instructions. The values in Input Storage can be displayed and altered in the ∗6 Mode. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS: Used to initiate measurements and store the results in Input Storage or to set or read Control/Logic Ports. INSTRUCTION LOCATION NUMBER: As instructions are entered in a Program Table, they are numbered sequentially.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY PRINT PERIPHERAL: See Print Device. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS: These Instructions allow the user to further process input data values and return the result to Input Storage where it can be accessed for output processing. Arithmetic and transcendental functions are included in these Instructions. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS: Used to modify the sequence of execution of Instructions contained in Program Tables; also used to set or clear flags.
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APPENDIX B. CR10X CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 B.1 SPECIFICATIONS FUNCTION Send/receive full duplex serial data through the CR10X control ports. NOTE: If the received data is numeric values, Instruction 15 converts a maximum of seven digits in a row. Leading zeros will be counted as part of the seven digits; e.g., 0000010.1223 will be read as 10. INPUT Applying Filters Received data can also have simple ASCII filters applied to locate the beginning of the actual data set.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 FIGURE B-1. Circuit To Limit Input to 0 to 5 Volts B.3 INSTRUCTION 15 AND PARAMETER DESCRIPTIONS PAR. NO.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 PARAMETER 2 - CONFIGURATION CODE The configuration code is a two digit number specifying the input format, logic level, baud rate, and optional decimal delimiter. ASCII This option causes the CR10X to receive and decode an ASCII string of numbers into one or more data values. Data are assumed to consist of an optional sign ("+" or "-") followed by digits and an optional decimal point.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 and/or B+1 may also be used depending on the P15 CONFIGURATION selected). The user can choose any control port for hardware flow control (RTS/DTR) or TXD/RXD provided that any A+1 and B+1 ports required for the P15 CONFIGURATION specified are available. For double-digit codes (supported starting with OS10X version 1.0014), the first digit specifies the TXD or RXD line and the second digit specifies the RTS/DTR line used by the first repetition.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 characters have been received, a -99999 is stored to indicate a fault in communication. • Both of the above (Parameter 3=0 and Parameter 6>0 and Parameter 8>0). If output and input are completed before the end of the delay, program execution immediately advances to the next instruction. Thus, the delay may be over-estimated without slowing down table execution. If the delay expires, CR10X execution passes on to the next instruction.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 TABLE B-1.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 typically have a defined serial output protocol called NMEA 0183. NMEA 0183 is an interface protocol created by the National Marine Electronics Association (http://www.nmea.org/). The NMEA 0183 Standard defines electrical signal requirements, data transmission protocol, timing and specific sentence formats for a 4800 baud serial data bus. The primary advantage of this data string when used with P15 is that data is separated with commas.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 The following program example will read-in the GGA and VTG GPS strings. Since this program is unique to the GPS application, additional data processing will be required to decode and format these strings. See Program Example #3 for a complete listing. The following is a section of a datalogger program that uses Instruction 15 to read in data from a GPS receiver. This program uses a filter for reading in the GGA and VTG strings.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 are found in the AIR Barometer Operations Manual provided by AIR, Inc. B.6.1.1 CR10X-BAROMETER CONFIGURATION LIMITATIONS The CR10X is limited to reading only certain barometer jumper configurations as described below: MODES of OPERATION The CR10X can read all Modes of Operation except the Serial ID and Signature Analysis portion of the Test Mode. Serial input is required. The CR10X will NOT read a parallel input.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 TABLE B-2. CR10X/Barometer Connection Details CAUTION: To avoid damage to the barometer CMOS chips, connect ground first and power last. All sensor leads not used in a particular hook-up configuration should be insulated to avoid possible shorting. B.6.1.3 INSTRUCTION 15 PARAMETER CONSIDERATIONS The AIR Barometer requires only the CR10X's RTS/DTR connected to its shut down or DTR line to transfer data. No CTS or output is required.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 07: 13 08: 9 09: 100 10: ? 11: 1 12: 0.0000 Input termination character is Carriage Return Max characters to receive + 1 Delay for input is 1.0 second First input location, User's choice Multiplier Offset The following paragraphs contain more detailed information on some of the parameters. Parameter 2 - Set to 00 to select the TTL logic levels.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 TABLE B-3. Number of Characters/Output and Memory Requirements for Various Barometer Output Modes Example: 100 samples are averaged by the barometer connected to the CR10X via hook-up #1. average of one measurement. The following considerations are accounted for in the program. ET = 0.1 * 100 + 0.
APPENDIX B.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 As shown in Figure 2, the RTS/DTR from #1 is connected to control port 8 of CR10X#2. RS-232 logic is used so RTS/DTR is +5V when asserted. The RTS/DTR going high is connected to port 8 of CR10X#2, causing subroutine 98 to be executed (refer to CR10X manual, Instruction 85, Section 12). Subroutine 98 contains Instruction 15, programmed to receive input. CR10X#2's RTS/DTR is connected to CR10X#1's CTS.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 11: 12: 06: 1 0 Multiplier Offset P End Table 1 Input Location Labels: 1:VALUE #1 2:VALUE #2 3:VALUE #3 4:VALUE #4 5:VALUE #5 6:VALUE #6 7:VALUE #7 8:VALUE #8 9:VALUE #9 10:VALUE #10 11:COUNTER 12:_________ CR10X#2 PROGRAM - RECEIVE DATA * 3 Table 3 Subroutines 01: 01: P85 98 Beginning of Subroutine Subroutine Number 02: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: 10: 11: 12: P15 1 1 0 6 0 0 13 75 200 11 1 0.
APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 B.
APPENDIX C. ADDITIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION C.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMAND WITH BINARY RESPONSES Command Description [nnnnn]F BINARY DUMP - CR10X sends, in Final Storage Format (binary), the number of Final Storage locations specified (nnnnn) from current MPTR locations, then Signature (no prompt). A 40 second time out timer is reset each F command. nnnnn must be ≤ 65535.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS the most significant byte will still abort the command. If “b” = FF or 11111111, then the J command aborts. The remaining bits are reserved. 4) If the 2nd MSB in "b" was set then "c" is a port toggle byte, otherwise "c,d,...,n" are each 1 byte binary values each representing a datalogger input storage location. The data at those locations will be returned after the next K command. ASCII code 1 (0000001 binary) represents input location 1.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS The optional ports byte (currently on return if requested by a CR10X J command) expresses the datalogger port status. The most significant bit represents Port 8, and so on to the least significant bit which represents Port 1. If a bit is set and the port is configured for output in the datalogger, the port is toggled. For each input location requested by the J command, four bytes of data are returned. The bytes are coded in Campbell Scientific, Inc.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS function of the first time byte through the 7F 00 HEX bytes. Calculate the signature of the bytes received and compare with the signature received to determine the validity of the transmission. As an example of a positive value, the datalogger returns 44 D9 99 9A HEX. Data byte 1 = 44 HEX. C.2 FINAL STORAGE FORMAT Data byte 2 to 4 = D9 99 9A HEX (or 891290 decimal). CR10X data is formatted as either 2 byte LO Resolution or 4 byte HI Resolution values.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS A B C D E F G H DATA TYPE AND SECOND BYTE FORMAT 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X A,B,C, = 1 - Start of Output Array, G & H are the most significant bits of the Output Array ID. All 8 bits of the 2nd byte are also included in the ID. X X 0 1 1 1 X X C = 0 - First byte of a 4 byte value. 0 0 1 1 1 1 X X A,B = 0; C = 1 - Third byte of a 4 byte value. 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A = 0; remaining bits = 1 - First byte of a 2 byte "dummy" word.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS SIGNATURE ALGORITHM • S1,S0 - represent the high and low bytes of the signature, respectively • M - represents a transmitted data byte • n - represents the existing byte • n+1 - represents the new byte • T - represents a temporary location • C - represents the carry bit from a shift operation TABLE C.4-1. Command 1. The signature is initialized with both bytes set to hexadecimal AA. S1(n) = S0(n) = AA 2.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS TABLE C.4-2. Example Program Listing D Command 1 From MODE 1 SCAN RATE 5 1:P17 1:1 2:P86 1:10 3:P70 1:1 2:1 4:P0 MODE 2 SCAN RATE 0 MODE 3 1:P0 MODE 10 1:28 2:64 3:0 4:5332 5:1971 MODE 12 1:0 2:0 MODE 11 1:6597 2:30351 3:48 4:0 5:0 ^E ^E LOAD PROGRAM FROM ASCII FILE Command 2 sets up the CR10X to load a program which is input as serial ASCII data in the same form as sent in response to command 1. 2. "S" is necessary prior to the Scan Rate (execution interval). 3.
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APPENDIX D.
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APPENDIX E. ASCII TABLE American Standard Code for Information Interchange Decimal Values and Characters (X3.4-1968) Dec. Char.
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APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) F1. FUNCTION The Dynagage Processing Instruction, P67, is used in conjunction with a Dynamax, Inc. Dynagage stem flow gage. Instruction 67 calculates the sap flow rate within a plant stem by using an energy balance equation and inputs from a Dynagage sensor. Briefly, the energy input into the stem is a known quantity (Qh), conductive radial and vertical energy losses are calculated (Qr and Qv, respectively).
APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) -1 and 8 are 0.5 °C and 0.042 cm s , respectively. These values should be used unless conditions determined by the user indicate otherwise. PARAMETER 7 Low-flow filter (0.5°C). This filter sets the reported flow rate (F) to zero if Qf is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 20% of Qh, and if dT is less than 0.5°C. When there is a zero flow rate in a very small stem, dT approaches zero.
APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) Appendix A If Par 7 µ 0.0 then go to XXXXXX Instruction P67 Processing If Qf < (0.2*Pin) and If dT < Par 7, then Sapflow = 0.0 Loc = input location assuming input locations 1, 2, 3, and 4 are used. If Qf < (0.2*Pin) and If Qf < 0.0, then Sapflow = - 0.00001 Par = Instruction P67 parameter. XXXXXX Pin = (Loc 4)*(Loc 4)/(Par 3) If Par 8 µ 0.0 then go to YYYYYY Qv = (((Loc 3)-(Loc 2))/(4.
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APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS Datalogger initiated communications, commonly referred to as “callback," enables the datalogger to initiate a call back to a computer. A CR10X uses Instruction 97 to initiate a call. For complete information on Instruction 97 and its parameters, refer to section 12. G.1 INTRODUCTION In most applications, the datalogger initiates a call to a computer to notify the user that a specific condition (alarm) has occurred.
APPENDIX G.
APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS • Optional: • On the DataCollection screen, “Data File Name” must be verified. (Weather.DAT for this example, Figure G.3-4). This does not have to be the same name as the datalogger. On the Datalogger’s Schedule screen, the “After Call Do” must be verified. This is the place to put the name of a Task to run after the call. The Task is an optional fourth Device that would run a batch file (.
APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS FIGURE G.3-2. COM Port Hardware Settings FIGURE G.3-3.
APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS FIGURE G.3-4. Example Data Collection Settings FIGURE G.3-5.
APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS G.4 PC208 DOS COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND ITS COMPUTER SETUP Assuming that ### is the 3 digit ID# (Parameter 8 of Instruction 97) from the datalogger program, a station file called ###.STN must exist. After the computer answers the call and receives the 3 digit ID#, it searches for a station file (XXX.STN) with the name of the 3 digit ID#. The computer will then collect data based on the data collection method defined in that station file.
APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS Telecommunications Program ver. 7.3 Copyright (C) 1986,1991 Campbell Scientific, Inc. Executing script file "C:\PC208\CALLME96" Waiting for: - next wake up time (01/19/38 03:14:07) - PC203 on/off switch to be turned on - modem ring signal to become active - a ctrl-C or Esc to be pressed Current Date and Time: 01/15/96 14:36:28 FIGURE G.4-3.
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APPENDIX H CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF H.1 INTRODUCTION Instructions 97, Initiate Telecommunications, and 63, Extended Parameters can be used to call another datalogger and collect data in input locations. This function can only be accomplished via phone or radio modems. H.2 PROGRAMMING Instruction 97 initiates the call and Instruction 63 specifies the dialing path and special options. More than one Instruction 63 may be required.
APPENDIX H. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF interval of the remote datalogger), make the appropriate measurements, lower the flag, and allow for the input location to be transferred. Parameters 4, 5, and 8 These parameters don’t apply when calling a datalogger. Leave these options as 0. Parameter 6 Normally this option is not used and should be left as 0.
APPENDIX H. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF 3: Extended Parameters (P63) 1: 5 Phone # = 539 2: 3 3: 9 4: 68 “D” to call datalogger 5: 3 # of Locs to collect st 6: 1 1 Loc to collect 7: 1 Flag to toggle in Remote Datalogger 8: 0 Delay 4: Extended Parameters (P63) 1: 13 Terminate character 2: 00 3: 00 4: 00 5: 00 6: 00 7: 00 8: 00 Programming Example 2.
APPENDIX H. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF * 1 Table 1 Programs 01: 1 Sec.
APPENDIX I. MODBUS ON THE CR10 AND CR10X Modbus communication capability is available as a Library Special on the CR10 and CR10X dataloggers. The implementation of MODBUS on the CR10 and CR10X allows input locations, ports, and flags to be read or to be set. Not supported are historical data retrieval, program downloads, setting the clock, and other functions of PC208. Modbus on the CR10 and CR10X does not preclude interfacing with PC208 as long as the communications system (radios, modems, etc.
APPENDIX I. MODBUS ON THE CR10 AND CR10X I.2.1 RF COMMUNICATIONS The Campbell Scientific UHF/VHF radio package is of course compatible with PC208. To also do Modbus on SCADA packages using the Campbell Scientific radio package, a special operation system PROM for the RF95 radio modem is needed. The RF95 PROMs will facilitate an auto route to the correct RF95. The RF95 address (dip switch) is set to the Modbus address of the CR10 at each specific site in this case.
APPENDIX I. MODBUS ON THE CR10 AND CR10X The register data is returned as two bytes per register and two registers per input location.
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APPENDIX J.
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TD OPERATING SYSTEM ADDENDUM FOR CR510, CR10X, AND CR23X MANUALS REVISION: 1/03 COPYRIGHT 2002-2003 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDUM TD and PakBus Operating System Addendum for CR510, CR10X, and CR23X Manuals AD1 Major Differences Table Data (TD) operating systems have two major differences from the standard operating systems: First - the namesake - in the way data are stored internally and second, in the options available for transferring that data to external devices. The standard operating systems support both on site external storage (i.e., storage modules) that may be manually retrieved and telecommunications.
TABLE DATA ADDENDUM AD2 Overview of Data Storage Tables Within a data table, data is organized in records and fields. Each row in a table represents a record and each column represents a field. To understand the concept of tables it may be helpful to consider an example. A CR10-TD is to be used to monitor 3 thermocouples (TC). Each hour a temperature for each of the three TC is to be stored. The table has 4 fields : "DATE_TIME TEMP1 TEMP2 TEMP3". Each hour a new "record" would be added.
TABLE DATA ADDENDDUM • Check the Maximum and Minimum Instructions (Instructions 73 and 74) as there is only one option to store time with the value. • Edit Input Location labels removing all spaces and special characters. Only letters, numbers, and the “_” characters are allowed. Labels should start with a letter. • Add labels for the Final Storage values. Use the same character as are allowed for Input Location labels. See Section 2.1 AD3.
TABLE DATA ADDENDUM AD4 Summary of Differences from the Datalogger Manual: Section Overview Differences Section 1 Section 1.5 A Mode is replaced by addendum – the TD loggers allocate memory differently. Section 1.8 - *D Mode is replaced by TD Addendum – TD loggers do not support storeing multiple programs or Storage Modules. PakBus Settings are added to the *D Mode. Replaced entirely by TD Addendum. Section 3.7.1 does not apply to the TD operating system which does not use Output Flag 0. Table 3.
TABLE DATA ADDENDDUM Section 12 The TD operating system does not use the output Flag 0. Commands dealing with it are not valid. Instruction 92 – There is no option for minutes, time is in seconds only.
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MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OVERVIEW While this section of the addendum references the CR10X, everything but the measurement instructions in the example programs applies to the other dataloggers as well. Table OV3.2-1 in the CR10X Manual is incorrect for the TD operating system. See Table OV4.1-1 below. The following sections OV4, OV5, and OV6 replace those in the CR10X Manual. OV4.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW TABLE OV4.2-2. Additional Keys Allowed in Telecommunications Key Action - Change Sign, Index (same as C) CR Enter/advance (same as A) OV4.3 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE In routine applications, the CR10X measures sensor output signals, processes the measurements over some time interval and stores the processed results. A generalized programming sequence is: 1. Enter the execution interval. In most cases, the execution interval is determined by the desired sensor scan rate. 2.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW location 5, the temperature from channel 2 in input location 6, etc. Detailed descriptions of the instructions are given in Sections 9-12. Entering an instruction into a program table is described in OV5. OV4.5 ENTERING A PROGRAM Programs are entered into the CR10X in one of two ways: 1. Keyed in using the CR10X keyboard 2. Stored on disk/seat from computer A program is created by keying it directly into the datalogger as described in Section OV5, or on a PC using EDLOG.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW Key (ID:Data) Explanation *0 LOG 1 *6 A 06:0000 01:21.234 Exit Table 1, enter *0 Mode, compile table and begin logging. Enter *6 Mode (to view Input Storage). Advance to first storage location. Panel temperature is 21.234°C (the display will show the actual temperature). Wait a few seconds: 01:21.423 *1 2A 01:00 02:P00 84 A 02:P84 01:0.0000 0 01:0 A 0 02:0.000 02:0 A 1000 03:0.0000 03:1000.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW OV5.2 SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 This second example is more representative of a real-life data collection situation. Once again the internal temperature is measured, but it is used as a reference temperature for the differential voltage measurement of a type T (copperconstantan) thermocouple; the CR10X should have arrived with a short type T thermocouple connected to differential channel 5.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 Instruction # (Loc:Entry) Parameter (Par#:Entry) Description *1 Enter Program Table 1 01:60 60 second (1 minute) execution interval Key "#D" repeatedly until is displayed 01:P00 Erase previous Program before continuing. 01:1 Measure internal temperature Store temp in Location 1 01:1 02:1 03:5 04:1 05:1 06:2 07:1 08:0 Measure thermocouple temperature (differential) 1 repetition Range code (2.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW The program to make the measurements and send the desired data to Final Storage has been entered. The program is complete. The clock must now be set so that the date and time tags are correct. (Here the example reverts back to the key by key format.) Key Display Explanation *5 A 00:21:32 05:01.01 Enter *5 Mode. Clock running but not set correctly. Advance to month-day (MMDD). 1004 05:1004 Key in MMDD (Oct 4 in this example). A 05:1990 Enter and advance to location for year.
TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW DATALOGGER MD9 MULTIDROP INTERFACE COAXIAL CABLE MD9 MULTIDROP INTERFACE SC12 CABLE RF95 RF MODEM COM210 PHONE MODEM SC932 INTERFACE RF100/RF200 TRANSCIEVER W/ ANTENNA & CABLE SRM-6A RAD SHORTHAUL MODEM SC32A RS-232 INTERFACE 2 TWISTED PAIR WIRES UP TO 5 MI.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Sections 1.5 and 1.8 are replaced by the following sections. 1.5 MEMORY ALLOCATION - ∗A 1.5.1 INTERNAL MEMORY When powered up with the keyboard display attached, the CR10KD displays HELLO while performing a self check. The total system memory is then displayed in K bytes. The size of memory can be displayed in the ∗B mode. Input Storage is used to store the results of Input/Output and Processing Instructions.
TD ADDENDUM SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Flash Memory (EEPROM) Operating System (96 Kbytes-CR10X) (128 Kbytes-CR23X) How it works: The Operating System is loaded into Flash Memory at the factory. System Memory is used while the CR10X is running for calculations, buffering data and general operating tasks. Any time a user loads a program into the datalogger, the program is compiled in SRAM and stored in the Active Program areas.
TD ADDENDUM SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.5-2. Description of ∗A Mode Data Keyboard Entry ∗ A Display ID: Data 01: XXXX A 02: XXXX A 03: XXXXX A 04: XXXXX A 05: A A A 06: 07: 06: Description of Data Input Storage Locations (minimum of 28, maximum of 6655, but the usable maximum is less than this because intermediate and program storage require some of this memory). This value can be changed by keying in the desired number.
TD ADDENDUM SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES to which memory is cleared on powerup, to set the PakBus ID, and to set communication to full or half duplex. CSI datalogger support software makes use of the ∗D Mode to upload and download programs from a computer. Appendix C gives some additional information on Commands 1 and 2 that are used for these operations. When "∗D" is keyed in, the CR10X will display "13:00". A command (Table 1.8-1) is entered by keying the command number and "A". TABLE 1.8-1.
TD ADDENDUM SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.8.6 SET INITIAL BAUD Table 1.8-10 shows the option codes available for setting the initial baud rate. Setting the initial baud rate forces the CR10X to try the selected baud rate first when connecting with a device. TABLE 1.8-9. Set Initial Baud Rate / Set RS232 Power Key Entry Display Comments *D 13:00 Enter Command 12A 12:00 Connect Baud Rate Enter Baud Rate Code X (Table 1.8-11). TABLE 1.8-10. Baud Rate Codes X=0 X=1 X=2 X=3 TABLE 1.8-11.
TD ADDENDUM SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES The *D15 entries are sent when the program is retrieved. They can also be set like other *D settings via the DLD file. 1.8.11 SET PAKBUS ROUTER BEACON INTERVAL TABLE 1.8-13. Set Beacon interval 1.8.9 ALLOCATE MEMORY FOR GENERAL PURPOSE FILES *D16:xx ;allocate xx 64K byte chunks of memory for general purpose files. The area comes out of final storage space. Files are stored in a circular buffer (ring memory) in this space. 1.8.
TD ADDENDUM SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.8-14. Set PakBus Neighbors Key Entry Display Comments *D 13:00 Enter Command 19A 19:00 Port (17- SDC7, 18 – SDC8, 02 – CSI/O, 02—CR23X RS232 port, 9600 baud A 19:0000 Interval in seconds of the expected rate of communication. A neighbor is aged after 2.5 times this interval and the Hello attempt will be reinitiated. A A 01:xxxx 01:xx PakBus Address of neighbor Swath of neighbors with sequential addresses starting with above address.
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THIS SECTION ENTIRELY REPLACES THE DATALOGGER MANUAL SECTION 2. SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1 FINAL STORAGE AND DATA TABLES Final Storage is that portion of memory where final processed data are stored. It is from Final Storage that data is transferred to your computer. With the TD datalogger, Final Storage is organized into Data Storage Tables. These data tables should not be confused with the program tables *1, *2, and *3 that contain the datalogger program.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE • The output interval is not an even multiple of the scan rate (table execution interval). • Table execution is such that Instruction 84 is not executed each scan. • Table overruns occur. • Watchdog errors (E08) occur. 2.1.2 RECORD NUMBERS In addition to a timestamp, each record has record number. The record numbers are unique within a data table. Record numbers are 4 byte unsigned numbers ranging from 0 to 4,294,967,296.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE The Timestamp and record number labels are added automatically. 2.2 DATA OUTPUT FORMAT AND RANGE LIMITS Data is stored internally in Campbell Scientific's Binary Final Storage Format (Appendix C.2). Data may be sent to Final Storage in either LOW RESOLUTION or HIGH RESOLUTION format. 2.2.1 RESOLUTION AND RANGE LIMITS Low resolution data is a 2 byte format with 4 significant digits and a maximum magnitude of +7999.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE TABLE 2.3-1. *7 Mode Command Summary KEY A ACTION "Advances" along a record, when the end of the record is reached the 'cursor' advances to the first field in the next record. B "Backs" up along a record, wraps to the last element in the previous record C "Climbs" up the table, toward the oldest data, stops on oldest record. D "Drops" down the table, toward the newest data, stops on newest record. # Enter Time Mode to display timestamp.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS Section 3.7.1 does not apply to the TD operating system which does not use Output Flag 0. Table 3.8-1 Valid Flag Commands are 11 – 19 to set high and 21- 29 to set low. Because the TD operating system does not use Flag 0, Commands 10 and 20 are not valid with the TD operating system. The following table replaces Table 3.10-1 for the TD operating system. TABLE 3.10-1.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 3.
THIS SECTION ENTIRELY REPLACES THE CR10X MANUAL SECTION 8. SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES This section contains examples for the CR10X. The appropriate voltage range codes would have to be selected for the CR23X (see CR23X Manual Section 8 for the measurement instructions). The CR510TD may not support all the examples.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 05: 01: 02: 03: P84 0 0 0 Data Table Seconds into interval Every time Records (0=auto; -=redirect) 06: 01: 02: P70 1 2 Sample Reps Loc smpl10avg 07: P 02: 03: End Table 1 In the above example, all samples for the average are stored in input locations. This is necessary when an average must be output with each new sample. In most cases, averages are desired less frequently than sampling.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.3-1. AM416 Wiring Diagram For Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements EXAMPLE PROGRAM MULTIPLEXING THERMOCOUPLES AND SOIL MOISTURE BLOCK * 01: 1 600 01: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: P11 1 4 1 1 1 0 02: 01: P86 41 Do Set high Port 1 03: 01: 02: P87 0 16 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count 04: 01: P86 72 Do Pulse Port 2 05: 01: 02: P14 1 21 Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) Rep 2.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.4 INTERRUPT SUBROUTINE USED TO COUNT SWITCH CLOSURES (RAIN GAGE) Subroutines given the label of 97 or 98 will be executed when control ports 7 or 8, respectively, go high (5 V, see Instruction 85, Section 12). In this example, Subroutine 98 and control port 8 are substituted for a pulse counting channel to count switch closures on a tipping bucket rain gage. The subroutine adds 0.254 (mm, bucket calibrated for 0.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.5 SDM-A04 ANALOG OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER TO STRIP CHART This example illustrates the use of the SDMA04 4 Channel Analog Output Multiplexer to output 4 analog voltages to strip chart. While of questionable value because of current requirements and strip chart reliability, some archaic regulations require strip chart backup on weather data. The SDM-A04 may be used with the CR10 to provide analog outputs to strip charts.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Time into Test, min 00 10 30 100 300 1000 to 10 to 30 to 100 to 300 to 1000 and greater Output Interval Loop # 10 sec. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 5 min. 10 min. 1 2 3 4 5 6 This is accomplished with a series of loops (Instruction 87), where the delay and count parameters are used to implement the frequency of measurement (and output) and the duration of the that frequency. The unit of delay is the execution interval.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Loop 6, Output every 10 minutes until stopped by user 17: 01: 02: P87 60 0 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count 18: 01: P86 1 Do Call Subroutine 1 19: 01: 02: P91 21 31 If Flag/Port Do if flag 1 is low Exit Loop if true 20: P95 End 21: P End Table 1 * 3 Table 3 Subroutines 01: 01: P85 1 02: 01: 02: P6 1 22 03: 1 04: 1 05: 1500 06: 1 07: .46199 08: 102 Beginning of Subroutine Subroutine Number Full Bridge Rep 7.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 18 MOVE TIME TO INPUT LOCATION **** FUNCTION This instruction takes current time or date information and does a modulo divide (see Instruction 46) on the time/date value with the number specified in the second parameter. The result is stored in the specified Input Location. Entering 0 or a number greater than the maximum value of the time/date for the modulo divide will result in the actual time/date value being stored.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Instructions 73 – Maximum and 74 – Minimum have only one time option. (Time is output as a quoted string.) Instruction 80 – Set Active Storage Area, is not in the TD operating system. Its functions are included in Instruction 84 – Data Table. Instruction 84 is only in the TD operating system. *** 73 MAXIMUM *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the MAXIMUM value taken (for each input location specified) over a given output interval.
TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS records. If 0 is entered, records will be automatically allocated such that all automatic tables will be filled at the same time. If some tables specify the number of records and some tables are automatically allocated, the specified records will be allocated first, and then the remaining memory will be divided among the automatically allocated tables such that they will be filled at the same time.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions The TD operating system does not use the output Flag 0. Commands dealing with it are not valid. Instructions 96 – Serial Output, 98 – Send Character, and 111 – Load Program from Flash, are NOT in the TD operating system. The instructions described in this section are only in the PakBus operating system. Wireless Networks More recent CR10X, CR510, and CR23X dataloggers with the PakBus operating system use the PakBus communications protocol.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions TABLE 12-1. CR205/CR210/CR215 in PakBus Network General Description PRO CON/limitations PakBus Instructions used in Datalogger Programming 12-2 Stand Alone Datalogger CR205 is programmed as a stand alone datalogger. Data are stored in datalogger and retrieved by computer running Loggernet • Data are stored in Datalogger, loggernet will automatically retry if communication fails.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Radio Settings CR205 Power Mode and Header RF400 on CR10X or CR23X Beacon Interval RF400 on computer LoggerNet Settings When RF400 with direct access to network is connected to computer. Stand Alone SendGetData P190 Wireless Sensor P193 Datalogger Radio address, net address, and hop sequence must be the same in all CR2xxs and RF400s in the network. Because only one header length can be set for a radio, only one power cycling interval should be used in network; i.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Notes: Edlog allocates only one of the input locations used in parameters 5 and 7 of this instruction. The additional input locations must be inserted manually using the Input Location Editor. If this instruction is used to retrieve a value or set a value in the remote datalogger's public (or input location) table (i.e., code 26 or 27 is used in parameter 3), Instruction 63 or 68 must follow this instruction to enter the variable name that will be accessed.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions PakBus Communication The unique address for the datalogger in the PakBus network that will be communicated with using this instruction. The Pakbus address is set in the datalogger's *D15 mode. Modbus Communication The unique address for the datalogger in a Modbus network that will be communicated with using this instruction (the slave device). The Modbus address is set in the datalogger's *D8 mode. The valid range of IDs for a Modbus slave device are 1 - 99.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions desirable to delay execution of subsequent instructions if those instructions perform further processing on the response from the remote. Security Enter the level 2 security code for the remote datalogger in the PakBus network that will be communicated with using this instruction when Command 22 is used for parameter 3 (send input location data to another datalogger).
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Remote Location PakBus Communication If data is being received from another datalogger in the PakBus network (Parameter 3 set to 21), this is the first input location in the remote datalogger from which to retrieve the data. If data is being sent to another datalogger in the PakBus network (Parameter 3 set to 22), this is the first input location in the remote datalogger in which to store the first data value.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions or unpacked with the least significant bit of the first byte, starting at this location. Incoming discrete values are set to -1.0 for ON and 0 for OFF. Outgoing discrete values are translated as 0.0 to OFF and non-zero to ON. For general information on input locations, see Input Locations. Result Code Location The input location in which to store the results of the data transfer.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions This instruction is not necessary in networks with wireless sensors and only one Master datalogger, because the Wireless Network Master (P193) and Wireless Network Remote (P196) instructions perform these functions automatically. This instruction can also be used to remove a datalogger from the PakBus network. 3: 1: 2: 3: PakBus - Send Message (P192) 00 Port 0000 Address 2 Clock Report Message Type Entry 2 13 Description Clock report; sends the current time.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Edlog allocates only one of the input locations used in parameters 7, 9, and 10 of this instruction. The additional input locations must be inserted manually using the Input Location Editor. For information on manually inserting input locations, refer to Manually Inserting Input Locations Into Edlog. Number of Remotes The number of remote dataloggers/wireless sensors in the PakBus network that will be communicated with using this instruction.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Example To set up the remotes for an hourly transmission at 15 minutes past the hour, the Time into Transmit Interval would be set at 900 and the Transmit Interval would be set at 3600. Transmit Delay Between Remotes The amount of delay, in seconds, between transmission from each remote. If this parameter is left at 0, the master datalogger will automatically assign the delay based on the routing table (usually about 3 seconds between remotes).
Section 12. Program Control Instructions For general information on input locations, see Input Locations. Swath to Send The number of data values that will be sent to each remote when data is transferred. First Location to Send The input location which holds the first value that should be sent to the dataloggers/wireless sensors in the group. The range of values sent to the remote(s) is determined by the Swath to Send parameter (parameter 8).
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Location with Seconds Until Transmit The input location in which to store the number of seconds until it is time to transmit to the host datalogger. Use Remote Clock Report (P195) A program control instruction that sets a remote datalogger's clock based on the clock value transmitted from the host (or master) datalogger specified by the address provided in parameter 1.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Swath to Receive From Master The number of data values that will be received from the host (master) datalogger when data is transferred. If the host sends less than the number of values indicated by the swath, the remaining locations will be filled with an overrange value (-99999). If the host sends more than the number of data values indicated by the swath, the extra values will be discarded by the local datalogger.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions For general information on input locations, see Input Locations. Result Code Location The input location in which a code is stored to indicate the result of the data transfer. A 0 indicates the data transfer was successful; any number greater than 0 indicates a failure. A -2 indicates that communication was established with the datalogger at the specified address, but the datalogger was not programmed as a host (master) datalogger using Instruction 193.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions Result Location Result Code -1001 -1002 -1003 0 >1 Description The attempted setting is a read-only setting Out of space in the remote Syntax error Success Number of communication failures Routing Table Information (P199) A program control instruction that is used to store the datalogger's routing table information in a series of input locations. This instruction is used most often as a trouble-shooting tool.
Section 12.
Section 12. Program Control Instructions desired interval in the Communications Interval field. This option is the same as the datalogger's *D18 mode. In some networks, a beacon interval might interfere with regular communication in the PakBus network (such as in an RF network), since the beacon is broadcast to all devices within range.
LIST OF TABLES PAGE OVERVIEW OV3.1-1 ∗ Mode Summary .............................................................................................................. OV-10 OV3.1-2 Key Description/Editing Functions ................................................................................... OV-11 OV3.1-3 Additional Keys Allowed In Telecommunications ............................................................ OV-11 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Sequence of Time Parameters in ∗5 Mode ............................
LIST OF TABLES PAGE 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.1-1 6.6-1 6.7-1 6.7-2 7. Pin Description ....................................................................................................................... 6-1 SD Addresses......................................................................................................................... 6-5 SC32A Pin Description ...........................................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES PAGE 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS 13.3-1 13.3-2 13.3-3 13.3-4 13.3-5 13.3-6 13.3-7 13.4-1 13.4-2 13.4-3 13.4-4 13.5-1 13.5-2 Exponential Decay, Percent of Maximum Error vs. Time in Units of τ ................................ 13-4 Properties of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell Scientific ................................. 13-6 Settling Error, in Degrees, for 024A Wind Direction Sensor vs. Lead Length ......................
LIST OF TABLES This is a blank page.
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE OVERVIEW OV1.1-1 OV1.1-2 OV2.1-1 OV2.2-1 OV2.3-1 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.5-1 2. CR10X Memory ...................................................................................................................... 1-7 INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1-1 2.1-2 3. Ring Memory Representation of Final Data Storage.............................................................. 2-1 Output Array ID....................................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 7.16-1 7.16-2 7.16-3 7.17-1 7.18-1 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.3-1 8.5-1 8.11-1 8.11-2 8.11-3 8.11-4 8.12-1 9. A Vibrating Wire Sensor ....................................................................................................... 7-16 Well Monitoring Example...................................................................................................... 7-18 Hook up to AVW1..............................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.3-1 14.3-2 14.6-1 14.7-1 14.10-1 14.10-2 14.11-1 14.11-2 14.11-3 14.11-4 BPALK Power Supply ........................................................................................................... 14-3 PS12LA ................................................................................................................................ 14-4 Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply........................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES This is a blank page.
CR10X INDEX ∗ Modes, see Modes 1/X - [Instruction 42] 10-2 3 Wire Half Bridge - [Instruction 7] 9-5, 13-18, 13-19, 13-20 Programming Example 7-9 3WHB10K - 10 K ohm 3-Wire Half Bridge Module 7-9 4 Wire Full Bridge, see Full Bridge with Single Diff.
CR10X INDEX 6 Wire Full Bridge (Lysimeter) 7-12 Comparison of bridge measurement instructions 13-19 Diagram of bridge measuring circuits with AC excitation 13-18 Bridge Transform - [Instruction 59] 10-6 Programming examples 7-11, 7-15, 8-4 Bulk Load - [Instruction 65] 10-15 Programming example 7-23 Burst Measurement - [Instruction 23] 9-11 C Cables/Leads Avoid PVC insulated conductors 13-10 Connecting Leads to Wiring Panel OV-1 Effect of lead length on signal settling time 13-3 Tipping bucket rain gage wi
CR10X INDEX D Data Carrier Detect (DCD) 6-6 Data point Definition A-1 Number per Output Array 4-3 Data retrieval, External storage peripherals General 4-1 Hardware options OV-21 Manually initiated (∗8 Mode) 4-3 Methods and related instructions OV-20 On-line - [Instruction 96] 4-1, 12-6 Print device 4-2 Print formats 4-3 Site Visitations, Estimating time between 4-3 Storage Module, see Storage Modules Data Set Ready (DSR) 6-6 Data Storage Pointer (DSP) 2-1, 4-2 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) pin configuratio
CR10X INDEX F H Fast and Slow Measurement Sequence 13-1 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) - [Instruction 60] 10-7 Programming example 8-15 FFT, see Fast Fourier Transform - [Instruction 60] Figures, List of LF-1 File Mark in Storage Module 4-4, 4-5, 12-7 Fill and stop memory 4-4 Final Storage and High/low resolution formats 2-3 Changing size of 1-8 Definition OV-5, 1-6, 2-1, A-1 Erasing 1-9 Example using two Final Storage areas 8-8 Format 2-3, C-3 Output data resolution & range limits 2-3 Ring memory 2-1 Flag
CR10X INDEX Instruction set, CR10X 3-1 Definition OV-8 Format OV-12 Memory requirements 3-7 Time requirements for execution 3-7 see Input/Output, Output Processing, Program Control, Processing Instrumentation Northwest PS9105, see INW PS9105 - [Instruction 29] INT(X) - [Instruction 45] 10-3 INT8 Interval Timer, see SDM-INT8 Integer data type parameter 3-1 Integer portion, Extracting [Instruction 45] 10-3 Integer Value of X- [Instruction 45] 10-3 Integration time 13-1 Intermediate Processing Disable Flag 3-
CR10X INDEX ∗8 Manually initiated Data Output 4-3 Interrupts during 6-3 Output device codes for 4-2 ∗9 Commands to Storage Module 4-6 ∗A Internal Memory Allocation 1-5 ∗B Memory Test and System Status 1-9 ∗C Security 1-10 ∗D, Save/Load Program 1-10, C-6 Modem/terminal Computer requirements 6-5 Definition A-2 Peripherals 6-2 Modem Enable line on CR10X 4-1, 6-1 Peripheral requirements 6-4 Troubleshooting, Connecting to CR10X 6-7 Modem Pointer (MPTR) 2-2, 5-3 Modulo divide - [Instruction 46] 10-3 Move Signatur
CR10X INDEX Pressure transducer Programming examples 7-11, 7-20 Print device, Definition A-2 PRINT option on-line data transfer 4-1 Print peripherals 4-2, 6-2, A-3 Printer Controlling data transmission to 2-2, 4-1 Output formats 4-3 Save/Load programs (∗D Mode) 1-10 Printer Pointer (PPTR) 2-2 Processing Instructions 10-1 Definition OV-8, A-3 Memory and execution times 3-7 Programming examples 8-1 Program Control Flags 3-3 Program Control Instructions 12-1 Command code parameter 3-4, 12-1 Definition OV-8, A
CR10X INDEX RTD Temp, see Temperature from Platinum RTD - [Instruction 16] RTS (Request To Send) 6-6, B-1 Run program from flash - [Instruction 111] 12-10 Run Time errors 3-9 Running average - [Instruction 52] 10-4 S Sample - [Instruction 70] 11-3 Programming examples OV-14, 8-2 Sample on Maximum or Minimum [Instruction 79] 11-6 Sample rate 1-1, A-3 Saturation Vapor Pressure (VP) - [Instruction 56] 10-5 Save program in flash memory 1-10 SC12 cable OV-10 SC32A RS232 Interface OV-11, 4-5, 5-1, 6-2, 6-4, 6-5
CR10X INDEX STD DEV, see Standard Deviation in Time [Instruction 82] Step Loop Index - [Instruction 90] 12-5 Stop Bit 6-7 Storage see Final Storage, Input Storage, and Intermediate Storage Storage and retrieval options, Data OV-20, 4-1, 6-1 Storage Module Pointer (SPTR) 2-2 Storage Modules 4-4 Addressing with CR10X 4-2, 4-4 Commands to (∗9 Mode) 4-5 Current drain, Typical 14-2 File Mark 4-4 Manually initiated data output (∗8 Mode) 4-5 Save/load program (∗D Mode) 1-12 Use with Instruction 96 4-1, 4-5 Storag
CR10X INDEX Tipping Bucket Rain Gage 7-7, 8-5 Totalize - [Instruction 72] 11-4 Programming example 8-3 Transmitted Data (TD) 6-6 Trigger, SDM Group - [Instruction 110] 9-24 Tutorial OV-1 U UDG01, see SDM-UDG01 User flags 3-4 Using the PC208 Terminal Emulator (GraphTerm) OV-11 V Vapor Pressure From Wet-/Dry-Bulb Temperatures - [Instruction 57] 10-6 Programming examples 8-13, 12-3 Vehicle power supply 14-5 Vibrating wire, measure sensor, Geokon's 7-16 Vibrating Wire Measurement [Instruction 28] 9-15 Progra
