WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Revision: 8/13 C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 1 3 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
Warranty “PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer.
Assistance Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is for US and international customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country. To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000.
Table of Contents PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. Introduction .................................................................1 2. Cautionary Statements...............................................1 3. Initial Inspection .........................................................2 3.1 Ships With............................................................................................2 4.
Table of Contents 7.5 Changing the SDI-12 Address Using LoggerNet and a Datalogger .. 22 7.5.1 Array-Based Edlog Dataloggers................................................. 22 7.5.2 Table-Based Edlog Dataloggers ................................................. 24 7.5.3 CR200(X)-series Datalogger...................................................... 25 8. Maintenance ..............................................................26 9. Diagnostic Codes......................................................
Table of Contents 7-8. 7-9. WindSonic Data Format Option.........................................................15 Datalogger Operating Systems that Support the SDI-12 “aRo!” Command .......................................................................................16 7-10. Wiring for CR10(X) Program Example .............................................17 7-11. Wiring for CR200(X) Program Example ...........................................20 7-12. Wiring for CR800 Program Example......................
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WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 1. Introduction The WindSonic1 and WindSonic4 are two-dimensional ultrasonic anemometers for measuring wind speed and wind direction. They provide an alternative to traditional mechanical cup and vane or propeller and vane anemometers. Unlike mechanical anemometers, there are no moving parts to be periodically replaced— minimizing routine maintenance costs. These two-dimensional anemometers are manufactured by Gill Instruments, Ltd.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer • 3. The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes, moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when tested according to U.L. 94 H.B. and will pass FMVSS302. Local fire codes may preclude its use inside buildings. Initial Inspection 3.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 5. Mount the crossarm to the tripod or tower. 6. Orient the WindSonic so that the colored North marker arrows point to True North (see FIGURE 4-1). Appendix A contains detailed information on determining True North using a compass and the magnetic declination for the site. Colored North Marker Arrows Pointing North FIGURE 4-1. WindSonic mounted on a CM202 using pn 17837 7.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 4.3 Use Short Cut Program Generator for Windows (SCWin) to Program Datalogger and Generate Wiring Diagram The simplest method for programming the datalogger to measure the WindSonic is to use Campbell Scientific’s SCWin. This section provides information about using Short Cut with the WindSonic4. See Section 7, Operation, for WindSonic1 programming information and additional WindSonic4 programming information. 4 1. Open Short Cut and click on New Program. 2.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 3. Select WindSonic4 (SDI-12) Two Dimensional Ultrasonic Wind Sensor and select the right arrow (in center of screen) to add it to the list of sensors to be measured then select next. 4. Define the name of the public variables and SDI-12 Address. Variables default to WindDir, WS_ms, and WSDiag that hold the wind direction measurements, wind speed measurements, and diagnostic code. The SDI12 Address defaults to 0.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 6 5. Select the outputs and then select finish. 6. Wire according to the wiring diagram generated by SCWin Short Cut.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 5. Overview The WindSonic is an ultrasonic anemometer for measuring wind direction and wind speed. It uses two pairs of orthogonally oriented transducers to sense horizontal wind. The transducers bounce the ultrasonic signal from a hood, minimizing the effects of transducer shadowing and flow distortion. Detailed information on the Gill WindSonic is available in the manual published by Gill Instruments, Ltd. and can be found at www.gill.co.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 6. Specifications Features: • • Low maintenance—no moving parts significantly reduces maintenance cost and time Minimum detectable wind speed of 0.01 meters per second Compatible Dataloggers: 6.1 6.2 6.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 6.4 Campbell Scientific Factory Default Settings for the WindSonic1 The default settings for the WindSonic1 were changed in February 2013 to improve operation in cold temperatures. Sensors with the newer settings have a white dot next to the connector on the underside of the sensor (see FIGURE 6-1). They also include both a yellow and a white heat shrink label on the cable; older sensors included two white heat shrink labels.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer White Dot FIGURE 6-1. White dot indicating that the WindSonic1 has the newer settings 7. Operation 7.1 Sensor Configuration In order to best mimic a mechanical anemometer, the WindSonic’s output frequency must match the datalogger’s scan frequency. The factory setting for the WindSonic1 and WindSonic4 is 1 Hz; for example, 1 output per second. The data output frequency of the WindSonic4 cannot be changed.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 7.2 Wiring 7.2.1 Serial Wiring (COMn) CRBasic dataloggers (CR800 series, CR1000, and CR3000) support serial communications with dedicated UART hardware on the datalogger control ports. Two control ports can be configured as a single communications (COMn) port. The WindSonic1 serial interface uses four wires as shown in TABLE 7-2. TABLE 7-2.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 7.2.3 SDI-12 Wiring The WindSonic4 interfaces to a Campbell Scientific datalogger using SDI-12. SDI-12 is a three-wire interface used between processor-based sensors and digital recorders (TABLE 7-4). Each SDI-12 sensor has a unique address. The factory-set address for the WindSonic is 0. To change the SDI-12 address, see Section 7.5, Changing the SDI-12 Address Using LoggerNet and a Datalogger, for wiring and programming.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 7-5. CRBasic Datalogger Operating Systems that Support RS-232 Communications and SerialInRecord() Datalogger Model Operating System CR800-series 4.0 or later CR1000 13.0 or later CR3000 6.0 or later 7.3.1 Example CR1000 Datalogger Program for Measuring a WindSonic1 using COMn Port TABLE 7-6.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FieldNames ("diag_10_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,nmbr_bytes_rtrnd<>0) FieldNames ("nnd_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,nmbr_bytes_rtrnd<>0 IMP checksum_flg) FieldNames ("checksum_err_TOT") EndTable BeginProg n = 1 SerialOpen (Com1,9600,3,0,108) Scan (1,Sec,3,0) 'Get data from WindSonic. SerialInRecord (Com1,in_bytes_str,&h02,0,&h0D0A,nmbr_bytes_rtrnd,01) SplitStr (windsonic(),in_bytes_str,",",4,4) 'Split the string and convert to floats.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,diag<>2) FieldNames ("diag_2_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,diag<>4) FieldNames ("diag_4_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,diag<>8) FieldNames ("diag_8_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,diag<>9) FieldNames ("diag_9_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,diag<>10) FieldNames ("diag_10_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,nmbr_bytes_rtrnd<>0) FieldNames ("nnd_TOT") Totalize (1,n,IEEE4,nmbr_bytes_rtrnd<>0 IMP checksum_flg) FieldNames ("checksum_err_TOT") EndTable BeginProg n = 1 SerialOpen (
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CAUTION The WindSonic4 returns three data points; the datalogger program must allocate three consecutive input locations (Edlog datalogger) or a variable array with three elements (CRBasic dataloggers). When the datalogger issues the aRo! command, the WindSonic immediately begins transmitting the most current wind measurements to the datalogger.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 7.4.1 Example CR10X (Edlog) Datalogger Program for Measuring a WindSonic4 TABLE 7-10. Wiring for CR10(X) Program Example Description Color CR10X SDI-12 data Green C8 SDI-12 power Red +12 Vdc SDI-12 reference Black G Shield Clear G ;{CR10X} ; *Table 1 Program 01: 1.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 8: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 3 X Loc [ ws_diag ] 2: 2 <> 3: 0 F 4: 19 Set Intermed. Proc. Disable Flag High (Flag 9) 9: Wind Vector (P69) 1: 1 Reps 2: 0 Samples per Sub-Interval 3: 0 S, theta(1), sigma(theta(1)) with polar sensor 4: 2 Wind Speed/East Loc [ wnd_spd ] 5: 1 Wind Direction/North Loc [ wnd_dir ] 10: Totalize (P72) 1: 1 Reps 2: 4 Loc [ samples ] 11: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 3 X Loc [ ws_diag ] 2: 1 = 3: 1 F 4: 29 Set Intermed. Proc.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 17: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 3 X Loc [ ws_diag ] 2: 1 = 3: 8 F 4: 29 Set Intermed. Proc. Disable Flag Low (Flag 9) ;Report the total of diag = 8. ; 18: Totalize (P72) 1: 1 Reps 2: 4 Loc [ samples ] 19: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 3 X Loc [ ws_diag ] 2: 1 = 3: 9 F 4: 29 Set Intermed. Proc. Disable Flag Low (Flag 9) ;Report the total of diag = 9. ; 20: Totalize (P72) 1: 1 Reps 2: 4 Loc [ samples ] 21: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 3 X Loc [ ws_diag ] 2: 1 = 3: 10 F 4: 29 Set Intermed.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer *Table 3 Subroutines End Program -Input Locations1 wnd_dir 2 wnd_spd 3 ws_diag 4 samples 7.4.2 Example CR200(X) Datalogger Program for Measuring a WindSonic4 TABLE 7-11.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Totalize (1,one,diag<>NaN) FieldNames ("no_data_TOT") EndTable BeginProg one = 1 Scan (1,Sec) SDI12Recorder (wind_direction,0R0!,1,0) If (wind_direction = NAN ) Then wind_speed = NAN diag = NAN EndIf disable_flag = (wind_direction=NAN) OR (diag<>0) CallTable stats NextScan EndProg 7.4.3 Example CR800 Datalogger Program for Measuring a WindSonic4 TABLE 7-12.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Totalize (1,one,IEEE4,diag<>10) FieldNames ("diag_10_TOT") Totalize (1,one,IEEE4,diag<>NAN) FieldNames ("nnd_TOT") EndTable BeginProg one = 1 Scan (1,Sec,3,0) SDI12Recorder (wind_direction,1,0,"R0!",1,0) If ( wind_direction = NAN ) Then wind_speed = NAN diag = NAN EndIf disable_flag = (wind_direction=NAN) OR (diag<>0) CallTable stats NextScan EndProg 7.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer • To activate the SDI-12 Transparent Mode, on Control Port p, enter pX and press the key. The datalogger will respond with “entering SDI12”. If any invalid SDI-12 command is issued, the datalogger will exit the SDI-12 Transparent Mode. • To query the WindSonic4 for its current SDI-12 address, enter the command ?!. The WindSonic4 will respond with the current SDI-12 address.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 7.5.2 Table-Based Edlog Dataloggers 24 • Connect a single WindSonic4 to the datalogger Control Port p as described in Section 7.2.3, SDI-12 Wiring, and download a datalogger program that contains the SDI-12 Recorder (Instruction 105) instruction with valid entries for each parameter. • In the LoggerNet Toolbar, navigate to and activate the Test|Terminal Emulator … menu. The “Terminal Emulator” window will open.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 7-2. SDI-12 Transparent Mode on an Edlog table-based datalogger using control port 8 and changing the SDI-12 address from 0 to 1 7.5.3 CR200(X)-series Datalogger • Connect a single WindSonic4 to the datalogger using Control Port C1/SDI12 as described in Section 7.2.3, SDI-12 Wiring, and download a datalogger program that does not contain the SDI12Recorder() instruction.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer press the key. The WindSonic4 will respond with the current SDI-12 address. • To change the SDI-12 address, press the key, at the “CR200(X)>” prompt enter the command “SDI12>aAb!”; where a is the current address from the above step and b is the new address. The WindSonic4 will change its address and the datalogger will exit the SDI-12 Transparent Mode and respond with “Fail”. • Verify the new SDI-12 address.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer (refer to the Assistance section at the beginning of this manual for the process of returning a product to Campbell Scientific). For more information, see Section 12, Maintenance and Fault-Finding, in the manual published by Gill Instruments. 9. Diagnostic Codes The WindSonic outputs a diagnostic (TABLE 9-1) along with each wind direction and speed measurement. The example datalogger programs in this manual filter all data when the diagnostic is not 0.
WindSonic Two-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 10. Siting References The following references give detailed information on siting wind direction and wind speed sensors. EPA, 1987: On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, EPA-450/4-87-013, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711. EPA, 1989: Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurements System, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711.
Appendix A. WindSonic Orientation A.1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation The orientation of the WindSonic “North Arrow Markers” is found by reading a magnetic compass and applying the site-specific correction for magnetic declination; where the magnetic declination is the number of degrees between True North and Magnetic North. Magnetic declination for a specific site can be obtained from a USGS map, local airport, or through a NOAA web calculator (Section A.2).
Appendix A. WindSonic Orientation Declination angles east of True North are considered negative, and are subtracted from 360 degrees to get True North as shown FIGURE A-2 (0° and 360° are the same point on a compass). Declination angles west of True North are considered positive, and are added to 0 degrees to get True North as shown in FIGURE A-3. For example, the declination for Longmont, CO (10 June 2006) is 9.67°, thus True North is 360° ─ 9.67°, or 350.33° as read on a compass.
Appendix A. WindSonic Orientation A.2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator The magnetic declination calculator web calculator published by NOAA’s Geophysical Data Center is available at the following url: www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomagmodels/Declination.jsp. After the web page loads, enter the site zip code, or longitude and latitude, then click on the “Compute Declination” button (FIGURE A-4). FIGURE A-4. NOAA web calculator The declination for Logan, UT is 12.4 degrees (3 June 2010).
Appendix A.
Appendix B. Updating an Older Program for Measuring a WindSonic1 With the New Settings In February 2013, the settings of the WindSonic1 sensor were changed to improve operation in cold temperatures. The communication baud rate has been changed from 38,400 to 9600 baud, and the data output structure has been changed to the manufacturer’s default. Section 6.4, Campbell Scientific Factory Default Settings for the WindSonic1, lists the newer default settings.
Appendix B. Updating an Older Program for Measuring a WindSonic1 With the New Settings New CR1000 Program (Section 7.3.1) (Public variables change. Data table structure stays the same.
Appendix B. Updating an Older Program for Measuring a WindSonic1 With the New Settings New CR1000 SDM-SIO1 Program (from Section 7.3.2) (Public variables change. Data table structure stays the same.
Appendix B.
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