CM6/CM10 Tripod Weather Station Installation Manual Revision: 7/10 C o p y r i g h t © 1 9 9 3 - 2 0 1 0 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
Warranty and Assistance The CM6 AND CM10 TRIPODS are warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s option) defective products.
CM6/CM10 Table of Contents PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. Preparation and Siting .............................................1-1 1.1 Installation Tasks .................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.1 Indoors ........................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.2 Outdoors.........................
CM6/CM10 Table of Contents 3.3.5 RF500M RF Modem and RF310-Series Transceivers .............. 3-12 3.3.5.1 RF500M Modem Configuration ...................................... 3-12 3.3.5.2 RF500M RF Base Station................................................ 3-13 3.3.5.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station ............................. 3-14 3.3.6 MD485 Multidrop Interface ...................................................... 3-14 3.3.6.1 MD485 Multidrop Interface at the Datalogger ................
CM6/CM10Table of Contents 6.2 TroubleShooting ................................................................................... 6-3 6.2.1 No Response Using the Keypad ................................................. 6-3 6.2.2 No Response from Datalogger through SC32B or Modem Peripheral ................................................................................ 6-3 6.2.3 NaN Displayed in a Variable ...................................................... 6-4 6.2.
CM6/CM10 Table of Contents 4.13-1. CS616 Water Content Reflectometer with #14383 Probe Insertion Guide ........................................................................... 4-15 4.14-1. 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor ............................................................. 4-15 4.15-1. 257 Soil Moisture Sensor ............................................................. 4-16 4.16-1. CS210 Installed on a CR1000 ...................................................... 4-17 4.17-1.
Section 1. Preparation and Siting 1.1 Installation Tasks 1.1.1 Indoors • Immediately upon receipt of your shipment… ⇒ Open shipping cartons. ⇒ Check contents against invoice. Contact CSI immediately about any shortages.
Section 1. Preparation and Siting 1.2 Tools Required Tools required to install and maintain a weather station are listed below. 1.2.1 Tools for Tripod Installation Shovel Rake Open end wrenches: 3/8", 7/16", ½", (2) 9/16" Magnetic compass 6' Step ladder Tape measure (12') Level (12" to 24") Small sledge hammer Teflon tape or pipe dope Allen hex wrench (5/64) 1.2.2 Tools For Instrumentation and Maintenance Lock and key for enclosure Magnetic declination angle (Section 4.
Section 1. Preparation and Siting 1.2.3 Supplies for Power and Communications Options AC Power Wire, conduit, and junction boxes as needed Phone Modem Hayes compatible calling modem for PC Phone line to weather station or junction box Short-Haul Modem 4 Conductor communications cable from PC to weather station or junction box 6' copper ground rod and clamp for PC surge protection (optional) 1.
Section 1. Preparation and Siting Situations to avoid include: • • • • • • • • • large industrial heat sources rooftops steep slopes sheltered hollows high vegetation shaded areas swamps areas where snow drifts occur low places holding standing water after rains Standard measurement heights: 1.5 m ± 1.0 m (AASC) 1.25 - 2.0 m (WMO) 2.0 m temperature (EPA) 2.0 m and 10.0 m for temperature difference (EPA) 1.3.
Section 1. Preparation and Siting Standard measurement depths: 10.0 cm ± 1.0 cm (AASC) cm, 10.0 cm, 50.0 cm, 100.0 cm (WMO) FIGURE 1.3-1. Effect of Structure on Wind Flow References 1 EPA, (1987). On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, EPA-450/4-87-013. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. 2 WMO, (1983). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation. World Meteorological Organization No.
Section 1.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation The CM6 and CM10 tripods provide a support structure for mounting weather station components. Figure 2-1 shows a typical guyed CM10 tripod weather station equipped with instrumentation enclosure, meteorological sensors, and solar panel. FIGURE 2-1.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation 2.1 Specifications CM6 Tripod Maximum height (zero leg extension) Minimum height (full leg extension) Wind Load (Wind Sensors at 2 meters)* Maximum wind load Gust survival Tripod Leg Diameter (See Table 2-1) d = diameter h = height at top of bell reducer d = 2 (4.834 + (54.52 - (h - 42.4)2 ) 0.5) 7.5 ft (2.3 m) 5.5 ft (1.7 m) 100 mph 130 mph CM10 Tripod Maximum height (zero leg extension) 11 ft (3.4 m) Minimum height (full leg extension) 7.2 ft (2.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation 2.2 Tripod Parts Tripods are either shipped complete and mostly assembled (CM6 or CM10), or as a kit that requires the user to supply some parts (CM10K).
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation attaches to the foot (Figure 2-2), measure up 23” on the CM10, or 26” on the CM6, and mark each leg with a felt tip pen. 4. Each leg has a slide collar with a single bolt for loosening or tightening the collar (Figure 2-2). Loosen the bolt on each collar with a 1/2” wrench. FIGURE 2-2. Extending the Tripod Legs NOTE 5. Stand the tripod upright and orient it so one leg points south (Figure 2-3).
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation CROSSARM SENSOR MOUNT PYRANOMETER MOUNTING ARM FIGURE 2-3. Tripod and Component Orientation 2.4 Tripod Grounding Ground the tripod and shown in Figures 2-1, 2-4, and 2-5. 1. Drive the ground rod close to the center of the tripod using a fence post driver or sledge hammer. Slide the clamp down the rod before driving it in the ground. This will eliminate the frustration of trying to get the clamp to fit over a hammer damaged rod end.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation 4 AWG Wire Clamp Ground Rod FIGURE 2-4. Ground Rod and Clamp 2-6 3. Loosen the set screws in the two brass ground lugs attached to the center bracket of the tripod (Figure 2-5). Strip 1 inch of insulation from the other end of the 4 AWG wire and insert it into the lower ground lug. Tighten the set screw. Strip 1 inch of insulation from one end of the 12 AWG wire and insert it into the upper ground lug. Tighten the set screw.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation FIGURE 2-5. Tripod Ground Connections 2.5 CM10 Guy Kit Installation The CM10 Guy Kit is an option when purchasing the CM10 Tripod or CM10K Tripod Kit. It can be installed to improve the CM10 Tripod wind load rating. Table 2-3 lists items in the CM10 Guy Kit. TABLE 2-3.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation FIGURE 2-6. Guy Wire Installation 1. Construct an assembly consisting of the top plate, wire ropes, 3 thimbles, and 6 u-bolts. a. Place a thimble into each of the three small holes of the top plate. Twist each thimble slightly, as shown in Figure 2-7, to accomplish this. b. Thread a piece of wire rope through each of the three small top plate holes. Double the wire rope back on itself about 8 inches.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation 2. Slide the top plate down the crossarm mount so that it rests on the bell reducer. 3. Attach the 3 bottom plates to the tripod feet with the existing tripod foot bolts. Make certain that each bottom plate is oriented such that the second hole is above the tripod foot. 4. Extend each turnbuckle to its functional limit 5. Attach the loop-end of the turnbuckles to the free end of each wire rope as shown in Figure 2-8.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation 2.6 Sensor Mounting Brackets Mounting brackets provide a means of mounting the sensors to the tripod. Bracket mounting heights are referenced from the top of the bell reducer; orientation is shown in Figure 2-3. 2.6.1 Crossarm Mounting 2.6.1.1 CM202, CM204, CM206 Crossarms Attach the crossarm at the desired height via the provided u-bolts and nuts (Figure 2-9). FIGURE 2-9.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation Lightning Rod REGCOMENDED Feed Serial SENSORS 27115 Portland Or USA REGCOMENDED Feed SENSORS Serial 27115 27115 Portland Or USA DEDNEMOCGER SROSNES 51172 deeF laireS ASU rO dnaltroP 019ALU FIGURE 2-10. 019ALU Crossarm and Lightning Rod 2.6.2 Gill Radiation Shields (41303-5A, 41003-5, 41005-5) 1. Attach the radiation shield to the tripod mast or CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm with the u-bolt and nuts provided.
Section 2. CM6/CM10 Tripod Installation FIGURE 2-11. CM225 Solar Radiation Mount with a LI2003S Leveling Base and LI200X Solar Radiation Sensor FIGURE 2-12.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.1 Enclosure, Datalogger, Power Supply 3.1.1 Enclosure All instrumentation (datalogger, power supply, and communication peripherals) are mounted in the enclosure. A PVC bulkhead port is installed in the enclosure for routing the sensor and communication cables to the instrumentation. The “-MM” mount option is intended for mounting our enclosures to the mast of any of our tripods.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation FIGURE 3.1-1. An enclosure with the “-MM” mounting option attaches to a tripod mast via u-bolts. FIGURE 3.1-2. This exploded view shows the components of a “-MM” bracket.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation FIGURE 3.1-3. An enclosure attached to a tripod mast. 3.1.2 Datalogger and Power Supply The datalogger includes hardware for mounting it to an enclosure backplate (see Figure 3.1-4). Either a BPALK or PS100 power supply is also typically housed in the enclosure if a CR800, CR850, or CR1000 is used. These power supplies also include hardware for mounting them to an enclosure backplate (see Figure 3.1-4). 3.1.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.1.4 PS100 Rechargeable Power Supply The PS100 houses a sealed monoblock rechargeable battery. To install the battery, loosen the two thumb screws and remove the cover. 1. With the PS100 power switch "OFF", insert the battery and plug the battery lead into the connector labeled "INT". 2. Make sure the red and black wires attached to the "+12 V" and " " terminals on the PS100 are connected to the "12 V" and "G" terminals on the CR1000 Wiring Panel. 3.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation FIGURE 3.1-4. CR1000 and PS100 Mounted to an Enclosure Backplate FIGURE 3.1-5.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.2 Sensor Connection 1. After the sensors have been mounted, route the sensor leads through the entry hole in the bottom of the enclosure and to the datalogger. Secure the leads to the left side of the enclosure using cable ties and tabs (Figure 3.2-1). Any excess cable should be neatly coiled and secured to the tabs. 2.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3 Communication and Data Storage Peripherals One or more peripherals (i.e., CompactFlash modules, modems, etc.) can be mounted to the enclosure backplate (ENC12/14, ENC14/16, or ENC16/18 enclosures). 3.3.1 CFM100, NL115, or NL120 Connect the CFM100, NL115, or NL120 module to the peripheral port of a CR1000 or CR3000 datalogger (see Figure 3.3-1). One CompactFlash card fits in the CFM100 or NL115’s card slot.
Section 3.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3.4 SRM-5A Rad Modem and SC932A Interface Rad Modems enable communication between the datalogger and computer over 4-wire unconditioned telephone line, or cable with two twisted pairs of wires. The maximum distance between modems is determined by baud rate and wire gauge. At 9600 baud the approximate range is 5.0 miles using 19 gauge wire, 4.0 miles using 26 gauge wire.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3. Route the cable from the remote SRM-5A, and the cable from the SRM5A attached to the computer to the 6361. Connect the cables as shown in Figure 3.3-5. Strain relief the cables using cable ties and tabs. FIGURE 3.3-3.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation Datalogger Computer FIGURE 3.3-4.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3.5 RF500M RF Modem and RF310-Series Transceivers Radiotelemetry (RF) enables communications between one or more dataloggers and the computer over an FCC-assigned radio frequency in the VHF or UHF band. The maximum distance between any two communicating stations is approximately 20 miles and must be line-of-sight. Longer distances and rough terrain may require intermediate repeater station(s).
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation the green configuration button on the RF500M either before or while connected to enable the settings in Device Configuration Utility. There are five configuration options for the RF500M 1. RF ID – Set the modem address with a value from 1-255. Each RF500M in the network must have a unique RF ID. 2. CS I/O Settings – Set the CS I/O interface options.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 5. Connect a null modem cable from the computer serial port to the RS-232 port of the RF500M. If a digital radio is being used on the RS-232 port, an SC532 and serial cable can be used between the PC and the CS I/O port of the RF500M. Set the appropriate configuration options in the RF500M with Device Configuration Utility depending on the port connected to the PC. 3.3.5.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station Now install the nearest field station.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3.6.2 MD485 Multidrop Interface at the Computer 1. Connect the CABLE3CBL cable to one of the MD485’s RS-485 ports. 2. Attach one end of the #10873 RS-232 cable to the MD485’s RS-232 port. 3. Attach the other end of the #10873 RS-232 cable to the computer’s RS-232 port. 4. Attach the barrel plug of the #15966 wall charger to the MD485’s Pwr port, then plug the wall charger into an AC outlet.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 2. Seal around the sensor leads where they enter the enclosure. Place a roll of putty around the sensor leads and press it around the leads and into the coupling to form a tight seal. 3. Remove the RH indicator card and two desiccant packs from the sealed plastic bag. Remove the backing from the indicator card and attach the card to the right side of the enclosure. The humidity indicator card has three colored circles which indicate the percentage of humidity.
Section 4. Sensor Installation Sensor leads should be routed down the North side of the mast to the enclosure and secured with cable ties. 4.1 034B Met One Windset Mount the 034B to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm as shown in Figure 4.1-1. 1. Mount the CM220 bracket on the crossarm via the U-bolt and nuts. 2. Place the 034B stem and bushing into the CM220 bracket. 3. With the shoulder screw in place, orient the counter weight to point due south. See Section 4.19 for final calibration. 4.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.2 05103, 05103-45, 05106, and 05305 RM Young Wind Monitors Mount the Wind Monitor to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm as shown in Figure 4.2-1. 1. Attach the CM220 bracket on the crossarm via the U-bolt and nuts. 2. Position the top of the mounting post 5" above the CM220 and tighten the set screws. 3. Slide the orientation ring and the Wind Monitor onto the mounting post. Rotate the sensor base so that the square wiring box points south.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.3 03002 RM Young Wind Sentry Wind Set The 03002 can be mounted directly to the mast, or to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 Crossarm. 4.3.1 03002 Mounted to the Mast 1. Slide the crossarm mounting bracket onto the mast. Orient the crossarm so the vane end points north, and tighten the band clamp (see Section 4.19 for final calibration). 2. Attach the cup assembly to the anemometer shaft using the allen wrench provided. 4.3.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.4 Licor Silicon Radiation Sensors (LI200X, LI200S, LI190SB) Mount the Radiation Sensor to the LI2003S Base and Leveling Fixture as shown in Figure 4.4-1. 1. Position the base of the sensor in the mounting flange on the LI2003S, and tighten the set screw with the allen wrench provided. Adjust the three leveling screws flush with the bottom of the LI2003S. 2. Mount the LI2003S to the CM225 (Section 2.2) using the three mounting screws provided.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 107 Mounting Clamp FIGURE 4.5-1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.6 107/108 Soil Temperature Probe 1. Select an undisturbed area of ground on the side of the tower that will receive the least amount of traffic. Route the sensor lead from the datalogger to the selected area. 2. Dig a narrow trench next to the sensor lead, ending the trench at least 6" short of the probe tip. Lay the sensor lead into the trench. 3.
Section 4. Sensor Installation HMP50 Mounting Clamp FIGURE 4.7-1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.8 HMP45C/HMP35C Vaisala Temperature and RH Probe Mount the probe inside the 41003-5 10-plate radiation shield as shown in Figure 4.8-1. 1. Loosen the split plastic nut on the base of the shield. Insert the probe and tighten the nut. FIGURE 4.8-1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.9 CS100 or CS106 Barometric Pressure Sensor Mount the CS100 or CS106 to the enclosure backplate. 1. Mount the barometer to the mounting plate using the two screws and grommets provided. 4.10 Texas Electronics Tipping Bucket Rain Gages (TE525, TE525WS, TE525MM) 1. Mount the rain gage to a CM300-series pole or a user-supplied pole as shown in Figure 4.10-1. Mounting the gage directly to the tripod or tower is not recommended. 2. Dig a 6" diameter hole 24" deep. 3.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.11 TB4, TB4MM or CS700 Rain Gage The rain gage should be mounted in a relatively level spot that is representative of the surrounding area. The lip of the funnel should be horizontal and at least 30 inches above the ground. The ground surface around the rain gage should be natural vegetation or gravel. Often the rain gage is mounted to a CM300series pole. The pole can be embedded directly in a concrete pad. The CM300 pole can also be supported via j-bolts or legs. 1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.12 SR50A Sonic Ranging Sensor 4.12.1 Beam Angle When mounting the SR50A, the sensor's beam angle needs to be considered (see Figure 4.12-1). It is always best to mount the SR50A perpendicular to the intended target surface. The SR50A has a beam angle of approximately 30 degrees. This means that objects outside this 30 degree beam will not be detected nor interfere with the intended target. Any unwanted target must be outside the 30 degree beam angle.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.12.2.1 Reference Point The front grill on the ultrasonic transducer is used for the reference for the distance values. Because it is difficult to measure from the grill one can use the outer edge of the plastic transducer housing see Figure 4.12-2. If this edge is used, simply add 8mm to the measured distance. FIGURE 4.12-2. Distance from Edge of Transducer Housing to Grill 4.12.3 Mounting Options There are two standard mounting options available for the SR50A sensor.
Section 4. Sensor Installation FIGURE 4.12-3. SR50A Mounted to a Crossarm via the 19517 Mounting Kit FIGURE 4.12-4.
Section 4. Sensor Installation FIGURE 4.12-5. SR50A - Mounted using Nurail and C2151 Mounting Stem SR50A with 6-plate gill radiation shield – the picture below shows the SR50A stem attachment 4.13 CS616 Water Content Reflectometer Probe rods can be inserted vertically or horizontally into the soil surface, as shown in Figure 4.13-1, or buried at any orientation to the surface. A probe inserted vertically into a soil surface will give an indication of the water content in the upper 30 cm of soil.
Section 4. Sensor Installation reporting the output in units of period will make it possible to apply your own calibration during post processing of data. FIGURE 4.13-1. CS616 Water Content Reflectometer with #14383 Probe Insertion Guide 4.14 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor Mounting and orientation considerations are left to the user to determine. Consult the 237 manual for preparation and other information. Normally, the sensor is mounted away from the meteorological tower in or near a plant canopy. FIGURE 4.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.15 257 Soil Moisture Sensor 1. Soak the sensor end of the 257 in irrigation water for 12 to 14 hours. Allow the sensor to dry for 1 to 2 days after soaking and repeat the soak/dry cycle twice to improve sensor response. Always install a wet sensor. 2. Install the sensor into soil representative of the field conditions you wish to monitor. Avoid high or low spots. Placement south of the weather station mast (northern hemisphere) will avoid the effects of the mast shade.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.16 CS210 Enclosure Humidity Sensor Mount the CS210 inside the environmental enclosure or onto a datalogger using the mounting block and the wire tie included with the sensor (Figure 4.16-1). NOTE The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes, moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when tested according to U.L. 94 H.B.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 1. Establish a reference point on the horizon for True North. 2. Sighting down the instrument center line, aim the nose cone, or counterweight at True North. Display the input location for wind direction using the *6 Mode of the datalogger, or, the Monitor Mode of LoggerNet with an on-line PC. 3. Loosen the band clamps or set screws that secure the base of the sensor to the mast or crossarm.
Section 4. Sensor Installation FIGURE 4.17-2. Declination Angles East of True North are Subtracted from 0 to get True North FIGURE 4.17-3.
Section 4.
Section 5. Standard Software Installation Software required for a weather station consists of the datalogger program and a datalogger support software suite for Windows. 5.1 Datalogger Program The datalogger program operates the weather station. It programs the datalogger to measure sensors, process the measurements, and store data in the datalogger’s memory. The datalogger program is most easily created using Short Cut. A separate manual covers the use of Short Cut in detail. 5.
Section 5.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting These guidelines apply to several different Campbell Scientific weather stations. 6.1 Maintenance Proper maintenance of weather station components is essential to obtain accurate data. Equipment must be in good operating condition, which requires a program of regular inspection and maintenance. Routine and simple maintenance can be accomplished by the person in charge of the weather station.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting 6.1.3 Desiccant Enclosure humidity is monitored in the ET Enclosure and MetData1 systems by an RH chip incorporated into the connector board. Change the desiccant packs when the enclosure RH exceeds 35%. The RH chip should be changed every 3 to 5 years. In standard weather stations, a humidity indicator card is provided with the enclosure. A small RH sensor (10162) can be purchased separately to record the RH inside the enclosure.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting 1 year • Replace anemometer bearings. • Calibrate the rain gage. • Calibrate the HMP45C/HMP35C probe. • Check calibration of HMP50 RH Probe; replace RH chip if necessary. 2 years • Calibrate the solar radiation sensors (some users suggest yearly). • Calibrate the temperature sensor. • Replace the wind vane potentiometer and bearings. 4 - 5 years • Replace sensor cables as required. 6.2 TroubleShooting 6.2.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting B. Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage on the 12 V and G terminals; the voltage must be between 9.6 and 16 Vdc. C. Make sure the datalogger is connected to the modem, and the modem is properly configured and cabled. At the computer: D. Make sure the Station File is configured correctly. E. Check the cable(s) between the serial port and the modem.
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