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CR23X Micrologge

Revision: 11/06

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Summary of content (374 pages)

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CR23X Micrologger Revision: 11/06 C o p y r i g h t © 1 9 8 6 - 2 0 0 6 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
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Warranty and Assistance The CR23X MICROLOGGER is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for thirty-six (36) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products.
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CR23X MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE TABLE OF CONTENTS PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. PAGE OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OV1.1 OV1.2 Wiring Terminals ................................................................................................................. OV-4 Connecting Power to the CR23X........................................................................................
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CR23X TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 INTERNAL DATA STORAGE Final Storage Areas, Output Arrays, and Memory Pointers .................................................. 2-1 Data Output Format and Range Limits .................................................................................. 2-3 7 Mode ................................................................................. 2-3 Displaying Stored Data - INSTRUCTION SET BASICS Parameter Data Types........
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CR23X TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 Lysimeter - 6 Wire Full Bridge ............................................................................................... 7-9 227 Gypsum Soil Moisture Block......................................................................................... 7-11 Nonlinear Thermistor in Half Bridge (Model 101 Probe) .....................................................
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CR23X TABLE OF CONTENTS INSTALLATION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 Protection from the Environment ......................................................................................... 14-1 Power Requirements ........................................................................................................... 14-2 CR23X Power Supplies .......................................................................................................
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CR23X TABLE OF CONTENTS H. H.1 H.2 H.3 H.4 I. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF Introduction ............................................................................................................................H-1 Programming .........................................................................................................................H-1 Programming for the Calling CR23X .....................................................................................
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CR23X TABLE OF CONTENTS This is a blank page.
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SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS 1. Storing Data - Data are stored in Final Storage only by Output Processing Instructions and only when the Output Flag (Flag 0) is set. (Sections OV4.1.1 and 3.7.1) 5. Floating Point Format - The computations performed in the CR23X use floating point arithmetic. CSI's 4 byte floating point numbers contain a 23 bit binary mantissa and a 6 bit binary exponent. The largest and smallest numbers that can be stored 18 -19 and processed are 9 x 10 and 1 x 10 , respectively. (Section 2.
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CAUTIONARY NOTES 1. Damage will occur to the analog input circuitry if voltages in excess of ±16 V are applied for a sustained period. Voltages in excess of ±8 V will cause errors and possible overranging on other analog input channels. 4. When connecting external power to the CR23X, first, remove the green power connector from the CR23X panel. Then insert the positive 12 V lead into the rightmost terminal of the green connector. Next, insert the ground lead to the left terminal.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Read the Selected Operating Details and Cautionary Notes at the front of the Manual before using the CR23X. The CR23X Micrologger combines precision measurement with processing and control capability in a single battery operated system. Campbell Scientific, Inc. provides three documents to aid in understanding and operating the CR23X: 1. 2. 3.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW 1 2 4 * 0 B 6 8 C 9 # A 3 5 7 D FIGURE OV1-1.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW DIGITAL I/O PORTS Continuous Analog Outputs 133 Analog O Input/Output Instructions 4 8 9 L H 5 10 11 L H 6 12 L 9 18 19 L H 40 20 21 L H 11 22 23 L H 12 24 L G 12V POWER IN CONTROL I/O C3 H C2 17 L C1 16 G 8 12V H 12V 15 L G 14 G 7 5V H G 13 SW12 POWER OUT SE DIFF P4 H G 7 L C8 6 P3 3 C7 H P2 5 L G 4 P1 2 C4 H External 12 Volt Power Input CAO2 3 L CAO1 2 EX4 1 EX3 1 H Command Codes: 4X Set port
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW The 9-pin serial CS I/O port provides connection to data storage peripherals, such as the SM192/716 Storage Module, and provides serial communication to computer or modem devices for data transfer or remote programming (Section 6). This 9 pin port does NOT have the same pin configuration as the 9 pin serial ports currently used on most personal computers. An SC32A is required to interface the CS I/O port to a PC or other RS-232 serial port (Section 6).
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Return currents from the CAO and pulsecounter channels should be tied to the terminals in the CAO and pulse-counter terminal strip to prevent them from flowing through the analog measurement section. and provides The ground lug is also marked and a rugged ground path from the individual G terminals to earth or chassis ground for ESD protection. Review Section 14.7 for complete grounding recommendations. OV1.1.8 5V OUTPUTS The 5 V (±4.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW 1. System Memory - used for overhead tasks such as compiling programs, transferring data, etc. The user cannot access this memory. 2. Active Program Memory - available for user entered programs. 3. Input Storage - Input Storage holds the results of measurements or calculations. 6 Mode is used to view Input The Storage locations for checking current sensor readings or calculated values. Input Storage defaults to 64 locations. Additional locations can be assigned using the A Mode.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Flash Memory (EEPROM) Total 512 Kbytes Operating System (128 Kbytes) How it works: The Operating System is loaded into Flash Memory at the factory. System Memory is used while the CR23X is running for calculations, buffering data and general operating tasks. Any time a user loads a program into the CR23X, the program is compiled in SRAM and stored in the Active Program areas. If the CR23X is powered off and then on, the Active Program is loaded from Flash and run.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV2.2 PROGRAM TABLES, EXECUTION INTERVAL AND OUTPUT INTERVALS The CR23X must be programmed before it will make any measurements. A program consists of a group of instructions entered into a program table. The program table is given an execution interval which determines how frequently that table is executed. When the table is executed, the instructions are executed in sequence from beginning to end.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Each instruction in the table requires a finite time to execute. If the execution interval is less than the time required to process the table, an execution interval overrun (table overrun) occurs; the CR23X finishes processing the table and waits for the next execution interval before initiating the table. When a table overrun occurs, T o appears in the lower right corner of the display in the Running Table mode 0 ). Overruns and table priority are ( discussed in Section 1.1.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Specify the conversion of a sensor signal to a data value and store it in Input Storage. Programmable entries specify: (1) the measurement type (2) the number of channels to measure (3) the input voltage range (4) the Input Storage Location (5) the sensor calibration constants used to convert the sensor output to engineering units I/O Instructions also control analog outputs and digital control ports.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV3. COMMUNICATING WITH CR23X The display will turn off automatically if not continuously updated. The display will stay on if continuously updated such as occurs in the ∗ 5 and ∗ 6 modes. Otherwise, it will turn off automatically to save 4 mA of power. Time to display shut off is 3 minutes if left in the ∗ 0 mode, or 6 minutes if left in other modes not continuously updating the screen. While in the ∗ 0 mode, the screen can be manually turned off by pressing the # .
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV3.1.2 KEY DEFINITION Keys and key sequences have specific functions when using the keypad or a computer/terminal in the remote keyboard state (Section 5). Table OV3.1-2 lists these functions. In some cases, the exact action of a key depends on the mode the CR23X is in and is described with the mode in the manual. TABLE OV3.1-2 Key Description/Editing Functions Keys A , B , C , and D repeat when continuously pressed. Repetitions occur slowly at first and then speed up.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW To communicate with any device, the CR23X enters its Telecommunications Mode and responds only to valid telecommunications commands. Within the Telecommunications Mode, there are 2 "states"; the Telecommunications Command state and the Remote Keyboard state. Communication is established in the Telecommunications command state. One of the commands is to enter the Remote Keyboard state (Section 5).
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Storage locations on which to find maxima, (2) TIME, an option of storing the time of occurrence with the maximum value, and (3) LOC, the first Input Storage location operated on by the Maximum Instruction. The codes for the TIME parameter are listed in the "Instruction Option Codes". The repetitions parameter specifies how many times an instruction's function is to be repeated.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Explanation On power-up, the CR23X displays "HELLO" while it checks the memory Display HELLO OV5.1 SAMPLE PROGRAM 1 EDLOG Listing Program 1: *Table 1 Program 01: 5.0 after a few seconds delay 1664 Kbytes memory The size of the machine's total memory When the CR23X is turned on, it tests the FLASH memory and loads the current program to RAM. After the program compiles successfully, the CR23X begins executing the program.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW A 02:P00 Enter the location # and advance to the second program instruction. The CR23X is now programmed to read the panel temperature every 5 seconds and place the reading in Input Storage Location 1. The program can be compiled and the temperature displayed (note that it is not yet storing data). Display Will Show: (ID:Data) Explanation Key ∗ ∗ 0 6 A Running Table 1 Exit Table 1, enter ∗ 0 Mode, compile table and begin logging.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW The CR23X is now programmed to measure the internal temperature every 5 seconds and send each reading to Final Storage. Values in Final Storage can be viewed using the ∗ 7 Mode. Display Will Show: (ID:Data) Explanation Key ∗ A 7 Mode 07 Enter ∗ 7 Mode. The Loc 13 Data Storage Pointer (DSP) is at Location 13 (in this example). Array ID 01: +0102 Advance to the first value, the Output Array ID.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW To make a thermocouple (TC) temperature measurement, the temperature of the reference junction (in this example, the panel temperature) must be measured. The CR23X takes the reference temperature, converts it to the equivalent TC voltage relative to 0oC, adds the measured TC voltage, and converts the sum to temperature through a polynomial fit to the TC output curve (Section 13.4). Instruction 14 directs the CR23X to make a differential TC temperature measurement.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW An instruction is deleted by advancing to the instruction number (P in display) and keying #D (Table 4.2-1). To change the value entered for a parameter, advance to the parameter and key in the correct value then press A. Note that the new value is not entered until A is keyed.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW 09: P74 Minimize instruction One repetition Output the time of the daily minimum in hours and minutes Data source is Input Storage Location 2. 01:1 02:10 03:2 The program to make the measurements and to send the desired data to Final Storage has been entered. At this point, Instruction 96 is entered to enable data transfer from Final Storage to Storage Module. 10:P96 Activate Serial Data Output. Output Final Storage data to Storage Module. 1:71 The program is complete.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW 3) Retrieve the data over some form of telecommunications link, whether it be RF, telephone, cellular phone, short haul modem, or satellite. This can be performed under program control or by regularly scheduled polling of the dataloggers. Campbell Scientific's Datalogger Support Software automates this process. OV6. DATA RETRIEVAL OPTIONS There are several options for data storage and retrieval. These options are covered in detail in Sections 2, 4, and 5. Figure OV6.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW CR23X COMPUTER RS-232 CS I/O PORT SC12 CABLES DSP4 HEADS UP DISPLAY CSM1 SM192/716 STORAGE MODULES STORAGE MODULE OR CARD BROUGHT FROM THE FIELD TO THE COMPUTER CSM1 SM192/716 STORAGE MODULES MD9 MULTIDROP INTERFACE RF95 RF MODEM RF100/RF200 TRANSCEIVER W/ ANTENNA & CABLE COAXIAL CABLE SC932 INTERFACE SC32A RS-232 INTERFACE COM200 OR VS1 PHONE MODEM COM100 CELLULAR PHONE SATELLITE SRM-6A RAD SHORTHAUL MODEM PHONE LINE MD9 MULTIDROP INTERFACE RF100/RF200 TRANSCEI
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV7. SPECIFICATIONS Electrical specifications are valid for -25° to 50°C range unless otherwise specified. To maintain electrical specifications, yearly recalibrations are recommended. PROGRAM EXECUTION RATE Program is synchronized with real-time up to 100 Hz. Two fast (250 µs integration) single-ended measurements can write to final storage at 100 Hz. Burst measurements are possible at rates up to 1.5 kHz over short intervals.
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CR23X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW This is a blank page.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1 DATALOGGER PROGRAMS 2 3 4 , , AND MODES 1 , Data acquisition and processing functions are controlled by user-entered instructions contained in program tables. Programming can be separated into 2 tables, each having its own user-entered execution interval. A third table is available for programming subroutines which may be called by instructions in Tables 1 or 2 or 1 2 and by special interrupts. The Modes are used to access Tables 1 and 2.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1.2 SUBROUTINES Table 3 is used to enter subroutines which may be called with Program Control Instructions in Tables 1 and 2 or other subroutines. The group of instructions which form a subroutine must begin with Instruction 85, Label Subroutine, and end with Instruction 95, End (Section 12). Subroutines 95, 96, 97, and 98 have the unique capability of being executed when a port goes high (ports 5, 6, 7, and 8 respectively).
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES multiplier and offset can be entered in locations 1 and 2, respectively. 4 4 location can be used in only one A 4 program parameter. For example, locations 0, 1, and 2 used in the example cannot be reused in another instruction in the same program. 4 feature is enabled in EDLOG If the when printing a program to a printer or disk file, 4 list is printed at the end of the file.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.2 SETTING AND DISPLAYING THE 5 CLOCK MODE 5 The Mode is used to display or set time. When "∗5" is entered, time is displayed. It is updated approximately once a second or longer depending on the rate and degree of data collection and processing taking place. The sequence of time parameters displayed in the 5 Mode is given in Table 1.2-1. 1.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES updated each time the instruction is executed. 6 Mode from a remote When using the terminal, a number (any number) must be sent before the value shown will be updated. skipped. Flag 5 can be toggled from the 6 Mode, effectively starting and stopping the execution of Table 2. 1.3.3 DISPLAYING AND TOGGLING PORTS Input locations can be used to store parameters for use in computations.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 0 of memory can be displayed in the mode. A “--“ after the number displayed means that the memory test was aborted. The number shown indicates how far the test progressed before aborted. Input Storage is used to store the results of Input/Output and Processing Instructions. The values stored in input locations may be 6 Mode (Section 1.3). displayed using the Intermediate Storage is a scratch pad for Output Processing Instructions.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Flash Memory (EEPROM) Total 512 Kbytes Operating System (128 Kbytes) How it works: The Operating System is loaded into Flash Memory at the factory. System Memory is used while the CR23X is running for calculations, buffering data and general operating tasks. Any time a user loads a program into the CR23X, the program is compiled in SRAM and stored in the Active Program areas. If the CR23X is powered off and then on, the Active Program is loaded from Flash and run.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.5.2 A MODE CAUTION: Reallocating memory will result in all data being lost. A Mode is used to 1) determine the The number of locations allocated to Input Storage, Intermediate Storage, Final Storage Area 2, Final Storage Area 1, and Program Memory; 2) repartition this memory; 3) check the number of bytes remaining in Program memory; 4) erase Final Storage; and 5) to completely reset the datalogger. A second Final Storage area (Storage Area 2) A Mode.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES A A A A 06: Prog. Bytes Unused +XXXXX 07: Prog. Bytes Available +XXXXX 08: Label Bytes Used +XXXXX 09: Label Bytes Free +XXXXX Bytes free in program memory. The user cannot change this window. It is a function of window 5 and the program. The user cannot change this window. It is a function of Window 5 and total available memory. The user cannot change this window. It is a function of the program. The user cannot change this window.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Keyboard Entry ∗ B B Mode Data TABLE 1.6-1. Description of Display ID: Data Description of Data 01: Program memory Signature. The value is dependent upon the +XXXXX programming entered and memory allotment. If the program has not been previously compiled, it will be compiled and run. A 02: +XXXXX Operating System (OS) Signature A 03: XXXXX Memory Size, Kbytes (Flash + SRAM). "--" indicates that a full memory reset was aborted.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.7-1. ∗ C Mode Entries SECURITY DISABLED Keyboard Entry ∗ C Display ID: Data 01: XXXX 02: A XXXX 03: XXXX A Description 1 2 3 Non-zero password blocks entry to , , , A , and D Modes, telecommunication S command. 5 4 6 Non-zero password blocks , , and except for display. 5 6 7 8 Non-zero password blocks , , , , 9 B , and all telecommunications commands except , A, L, N, and E. SECURITY ENABLED Keyboard Entry ∗ C 12: 0000 01: XX A 1.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES D PC208W automatically makes use of the Mode to upload and download programs from a computer. Appendix C gives some additional information on Commands 1 and 2 that are used for these operations. When "∗D" is keyed in, the CR23X will display "13: Enter Command". A command (Table 1.81) is entered by keying the command number and "A". TABLE 1.8-1.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.8-4. Retrieving a Program from Internal Flash Key entry D 7 A Display 13: Enter Command 00 07: Program ID 00 You may now enter one of the following options: xx 0 A B A A Retrieve program number xx (the most recent xx saved). To have the program compile like 6 (no resetting of input locations, flags, or ports) press C (xx--) before A. Erase active program (i.e., load a blank program; memory allocation and Final Storage are reset).
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.8.4 FULL/HALF DUPLEX D Mode can also be used to set The communications to full or half duplex. The default is full duplex, which works best in most situations. TABLE 1.8-7. Setting Duplex Key entry Display 13: Enter Command 00 09: Comm Duplex 0x D 9 A If x=0 the CR23X is set for full duplex. If x=1 the CR23X is set for half duplex. 1.8.6 SETTING DISPLAY CONTRAST The CR23X automatically adjusts the LCD display contrast for temperature within two seconds after power-up.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.8-10. Set Initial Baud Rate / Set RS232 Power TABLE 1.8-12. Set Program Compile Option Key Entry Key Entry Display ∗ D 1 2 A X C A 13:Enter Command 00 12: Connect Baud Rate 00 12: Connect Baud Rate 0X-- Display Comments 13:Enter Command 00 13: Compile Option 00 13: Compile Option 01 Sets Compile like ∗ 6 Comments Enter Baud Rate Code X (Table 1.8-11). Index (--) is optional. TABLE 1.8-11. Baud Rate Codes ∗ D 1 3 1 A A TABLE 1.8-13.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES This is a blank page.
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1 FINAL STORAGE AREAS, OUTPUT ARRAYS, AND MEMORY POINTERS Final Storage is the memory where final processed data are stored. Final Storage data are transferred to your computer or external storage peripheral. The size of Final Storage is expressed in terms of memory locations or bytes.
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE Output Processing Instructions store data into Final Storage only when the Output Flag is set. The string of data stored each time the Output Flag is set is called an OUTPUT ARRAY. The first data point in the output array is a 3 digit OUTPUT ARRAY ID. This ID number is set in one of two ways: 1.
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE A precise calculation of the resolution of a number may be determined by representing the number as a mantissa between .5 and 1 multiplied by 2 raised to some integer power. The resolution is the product of that power of 2 and 2-24. For example, representing 478 as .9336 ∗ 29, the resolution is 29 ∗ 2-24 = 2-15 = 0.0000305. A description of Campbell Scientific's floating point format may be found in the description of the J and K Telecommunications Commands in Appendix C.
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE the Output Array equal to or just ahead of the location entered. Whenever a location number is displayed by using the "#" key, the corresponding data point can be displayed by pressing the "C" key. TABLE 2.3-1. Key Action A The same element in the next Output Array with the same ID can be displayed by hitting # A . The same element in the previous array can be displayed by hitting # B .
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions used to program the CR23X are divided into four types: Input/Output (I/O), Processing, Output Processing, and Program Control. I/O Instructions are used to make measurements and store the readings in input locations or to initiate analog or digital port output. Processing Instructions perform mathematical operations using data from Input Storage locations and place the results back into specified Input Storage locations.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS to be changed. See Instructions 87 and 90, Section 12, for more details. To index an input location (4 digit integer) or set port command (2 digit integer) parameter, C or "-" is pressed after keying the value but before entering the parameter. Two minus signs (--) will be displayed to the right of the parameter. 3.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions to output the average temperature every 10 minutes are in Table 2 which has an execution interval of 10 seconds. The temperature will be measured 600 times in the 10 minute period, but the average will be the result of only 60 of those measurements because the instruction to average is executed only one tenth as often as the instruction to make the measurement.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS As an example, suppose it is desired to obtain a wind speed rose incorporating only wind speeds greater than or equal to 4.5 m/s. The wind speed rose is computed using the Histogram Instruction 75, and wind speed is stored in input location 14, in m/s. Instruction 89 is placed just before Instruction 75 and is used to set Flag 9 high if the wind speed is less than 4.5 m/s: TABLE 3.7-2. Example of the Use of Flag 9 Inst. Loc. X X+1 X+2 Param. Entry No. P 1 2 3 89 14 4 4.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS then used to compare the value in the location with fixed values. When the value in the input location is less than the fixed value specified in Instruction 83, the command in that Instruction 83 is executed, and execution branches to the END Instruction 95 which closes the case test (see Instruction 93, Section 12). 3.8.2 NESTING FIGURE 3.8-2. Logical AND Construction If Then/Else comparisons may be nested to form logical AND or OR branching. Figure 3.
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3-6 R 9 FULL BR-MEX V1 = 15 V1 = 25 10 BATT VOLT 11 TEMP (107) 12 RH (207) 13 TEMP-TC SE 14 TEMP-TE DIF 15 SERIAL I/O 16 TEMP-RTD 17 TEMP-PANEL 18 TIME 19 SIGNATURE 20 PORT SET 21 PULSE PORT 22 DELAY-EXCITE 23 BURST 24 CALIBRATION 25 READ PORT 26 TIMER 27 PERIOD AVG 28 VIBR. WIRE 29 INW PS9105 100 TDR 101 SDM-INT8 102 SDM-SW8A 103 SDM-AO4 104 SDM-CD16 105 SDI-12 REC. 106 SDI-12 SEN.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-2. Processing Instruction Memory and Execution Times R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION INPUT LOC. MEMORY INTER. LOC. 30 Z=F 1 0 31 Z=X 1 0 32 Z=Z+1 1 0 33 Z=X+Y 1 0 34 Z=X+F 1 0 35 Z=X-Y 1 0 36 Z=X∗Y 1 0 37 Z=X∗F 1 0 38 Z=X/Y 1 0 39 Z=SQRT(X) 1 0 40 Z=LN(X) 1 0 41 Z=EXP(X) 1 0 42 Z=1/X 1 0 43 Z=ABS(X) 1 0 44 Z=FRAC(X) 1 0 45 Z=INT(X) 1 0 46 Z=X MOD F 1 0 Y 1 0 47 Z=X 48 Z=SIN(X) 1 0 49 SPA. MAX 1 or 2 0 50 SPA. MIN 1 or 2 0 51 SPA.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-3. CR23X Output Instructions R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION INTER. LOC. 69 WIND VECTOR 2+9R FINAL MEMORY VALUES BYTES 2R 3R 4R 2R 3R 4R R R R R 2R, 3R R 2R, 3R BINS*R 1 TO 4 0 R 0 70 SAMPLE 71 AVERAGE 72 TOTALIZE 73 MAXIMUM 0 1+R R 1R 2R 74 MINIMUM 1R 2R 75 HISTOGRAM 1+bins∗R 77 REAL TIME 0 78 RESOLUTION 0 79 SMPL ON MM R 0 80 STORE AREA1 81 RAINFLOW HIST see instruction 82 STD. DEV. 1+3R R FLAG O LOW FLAG 0 HIGH 3.9+38.7R 4.5+15.6R 3.8+34.7R 0.0+27.3R 3.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3.10 ERROR CODES There are four types of errors flagged by the D CR23X: Compile, Run Time, Editor, and Mode. Compile errors are errors in programming which are detected once the program is entered 0 6 , , or and compiled for the first time ( B Mode entered). If a programming error is detected during compilation, an E is displayed with the 2 digit error code.
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SECTION 3.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS External data storage devices are used to provide a data transfer medium that the user can carry from the test site to the lab and to supplement the internal storage capacity of the CR23X, allowing longer periods between visits to the site. The standard data storage peripheral for the CR23X is the Storage Module (Section 4.4). Output to a printer or related device is also possible (Section 4.3).
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS Instruction 96 has a single parameter which specifies the peripheral to send output to. Table 4.1-1 lists the output device codes. TABLE 4.1-1. Output Device and Baud Rate Codes Baud Rate 300 1200 9600 76800 2400 4800 19200 38400 An output request is not put in the queue if the same device is already in the queue. The data contained in the queue (and which determine a unique entry) are the device, baud rate (if applicable), and the Final Storage Area.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS TABLE 4.2-1. Key ∗ A A A A 8 Display ID: DATA Mode 08: Storage Area 00 01: Device Code XX 02: Start Location XXXXX 03: End Location XXXXX 04: Number Starts 00 8 Mode Entries Description Key 1 or 2 for Storage Area. (This window is skipped if no memory has been allocated to Final Storage Area 2.) Key in Output Device Option. See Table 4.1-1. Start of dump location. Initially the SPTR or PPTR location; a different location may be entered if desired.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS the CR23X to output the date and time values. The Output Array ID, Day, and Time are always 4 character numbers, even when high resolution output is specified. The seconds resolution is 0.1 seconds. Each full line of data contains 8 data points (79 characters including spaces), plus a carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF). If the last data point in a full line is high resolution, it is followed immediately with a CR and LF.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4.4.1 STORAGE MODULE ADDRESSING The CSM1 does not support individual addresses. Use address "1" when sending data to the CSM1. The SM192/716 Storage Modules can have individual addresses.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 2. Key in the appropriate commands as listed in Table 4.2-1. 4.5 MODE -- SM192/716 STORAGE MODULE COMMANDS 9 The CSM1 does not support the Commands. 9 When Mode 9 Mode is used to issue commands to The the SM192/716 Storage Module, from the CR23X. Modes for the These commands are like Storage Module and in some cases are directly Modes.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 07:XXXXXX 8 08:00 01:XXXXXX 02:XXXXXX 03:XX 9 XXXXXXXX 87654321 10 10:0X SM location at end of area selected. Key A to advance to first data. If another location is keyed in SM will jump to 1st start of array following that location.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS This is a blank page.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Campbell Scientific has developed a software package which automates data retrieval and facilitates the programming of Campbell Scientific dataloggers and the handling of data files. This package, PC208W, has been designed to meet most needs in datalogger support and telecommunications. Therefore, information in this section is not necessary for most datalogger applications.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS GENERAL RULES governing the telecommunications commands are as follows: 1. ∗ from datalogger means "ready for command". 2. All commands are of the form: [no.]letter, where the number may or may not be optional. 3. Valid characters are the numbers 0-9, the capital letters A-U, the colon (:), and the carriage return (CR). 4. An illegal character increments a counter and zeros the command buffer, returning a ∗. 5. CR to datalogger means "execute". 6.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TABLE 5.1-1. Telecommunications Commands Command [F.S. Area]A Description SELECT AREA/STATUS - If 1 or 2 does not precede the A to select the Final Storage Area, the CR23X will default to the Area last used (initially this is Area 1). All subsequent commands other than A will address the area selected.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS [loc. no.]I Display/change value at Input Storage location. CR23X sends the value stored at the location. A new value and CR may then be sent. CR23X sends checksum. If no new value is sent (CR only), the location value will remain the same. 3142J TOGGLE FLAGS AND SET UP FOR K COMMAND - Used in the Monitor Mode and with the Heads Up Display. See Appendix C for details. 2413J SET UP FOR K COMMAND - Used in the Monitor Mode and with the Heads Up Display.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS ## ## ## ##). Typing 8 numbers, separated by colons, followed by an R, will reset the default settings. Example: 140:110:90:65:50:45:34:30R The setting of the eight contrast temperature bins is initially done at Campbell Scientific. Below are the contrast settings of one type of LCD screen for temperatures from <-15 to >+50 °C. A user can also adjust the value of the current bin by entering the * D mode while in Remote Keyboard Mode. The minimum contrast setting is 0.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Examples: 14:-3.2450:xxxxU returns V-3.2450 C1357 (sets input location 14 to -3.2450) 9003:1:xxxxU returns V1.0000 Cxxxx (sets flag 3 high) 9105:0:xxxxU returns V0.0000 Cxxxx (sets port 5 low) Remember that entering * 0 will compile and run the CR23X program if program changes have been made. 5.2 REMOTE PROGRAMMING OF THE CR23X Remote programming of the CR23X can be accomplished with the PC208W software or directly through the Remote Keyboard State.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT External communication peripherals normally connect to the CR23X through two 9-pin subminiature D-type socket connectors located on the front panel (Figure 6.1-1). An optically isolated RS-232 port is provided for direct connection to RS-232 devices such as a PC. Optical isolation provides immunity from ground loop problems that can degrade single-ended measurement accuracy in systems with multiple ground connections.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE 6.2-1. Pin Description ABR PIN O I = = = = Abbreviation for the function name. Pin number. Signal Out of the CR10X to a peripheral. Signal Into the CR10X from a peripheral. PIN ABR 1 5V 2 SG 3 RING I Ring: Raised by a peripheral to put the CR10X in the telecommunications mode. 4 RXD I Receive Data: Serial data transmitted by a peripheral are received on pin 4.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.2.1 ENABLING AND ADDRESSING PERIPHERALS While several peripherals may be connected in parallel to the CS I/O port, the CR23X has only one transmit line (pin 9) and one receive line (pin 4, Table 6.2-1). The CR23X selects a peripheral in one of two ways: 1) A specific pin is dedicated to that peripheral and the peripheral is enabled when the pin goes high; we will call this pinenabled or simply enabled.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.2.5 SYNCHRONOUS DEVICE COMMUNICATION Synchronous Devices (SDs) differ from enabled peripherals (Section 6.2.1) in that they are not enabled solely by a hardware line. An SD is enabled by an address synchronously clocked from the CR23X. Up to 16 SDs may be addressed by the CR23X, requiring only three pins of the 9-pin connector. Synchronous Device Communication (SDC) discussed here is for those peripherals which connect to the 9-pin serial port.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT to the address, however. State 2 ends when the 8th bit is received by the SD. SDs implemented with shift registers decode the 4 most significant bits (bits 4, 5, 6, and 7) for an address. Bit 0 is always logic high. Bits 1, 2, and 3 are optional function selectors or commands. Addresses established to date are shown in Table 6.2-2 and are decoded with respect to the TXD line. TABLE 6.2-2.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.2.6.1 SC32A INTERFACE TO COMPUTER Most computers require the SC32A Optically Isolated RS-232 Interface to communicate to the CS I/O port. (Direct connection to the CR23X is allowed through the “Computer RS-232” port.) The SC32A can pass data up to 19.2 K baud. The SC32A raises the CR23X's ring line when it receives characters from a modem, and converts the CR23X's logic levels (0 V logic low, 5V logic high) to RS-232 logic levels.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE 6.2-4. DTE Pin Configuration PIN ABR O I = = = = 25-pin connector number Abbreviation for the function name Signal Out of terminal to another device Signal Into terminal from another device ABR I/O 2 TD O Transmitted Data: Data is transmitted from the terminal on this line. 3 RD I Received Data: Data is received by the terminal on this line.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT FIGURE 6.2-5. Transmitting the ASCII Character 1 BAUD RATE BAUD RATE is the number of bits transmitted per second. The CR23X can communicate at 300, 1200, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, and 76800 baud. In the Telecommunications State, the CR23X will set its baud rate to match the baud rate of the computer/terminal. Some baud rates, particularly those above 9600, may not be supported by all CSI communications equipment.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT IF GARBAGE APPEARS If garbage characters appear on the display, check that the baud rate is supported by the CR23X. If the baud rate is correct, verify that the computer/terminal is set for 8 data bits, and no parity. Garbage will appear if 7 data bits and no parity are used. If the computer/terminal is set to 8 data bits and even or odd parity, communication cannot be established. 6.
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SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT This is a blank page.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This section gives some examples of Input Programming for common sensors used with the CR23X. These examples detail only the connections, Input, Program Control, and Processing Instructions necessary to perform measurements and store the data in engineering units in Input Storage. Output Processing Instructions are omitted. It is left for the user to program the necessary instructions to obtain the final data in the form desired.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES ;Measure Relative Humidity. ; 04: Volts (SE) (P1) 1: 1 Reps 2: 25 ±5000 mV Slow 60 Hz Rejection Range 3: 6 SE Channel 4: 2 Loc [ RH_pct ] 5: .1 Mult 6: 0 Offset CR23X SE 5 SE 6 SWITCHED 12V G ;Turn CS500 off. ; 05: Do (P86) 1: 59 Set Switched 12 V Low INPUT LOCATIONS 1 Temp_C 2 RH_pct Temperature (Black) Relative Humidity (Brown) 12 V (Red) Power Ground (Green) Shield (Clear) FIGURE 7.1-1. Wiring Diagram for CS500 CR23X FIGURE 7.1-2.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT Some sensors either contain or require active signal conditioning circuitry to provide an easily measured analog voltage output. Generally, the output is referenced to the sensor ground. The associated current drain usually requires a power source external to the CR23X. A typical connection scheme where AC power is not available and both the CR23X and sensor are powered by an external battery is shown in Figure 7.2-1.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The temperature of the 107 Probe is stored in input location 1 and the thermocouple temperatures in Locations 2-6. PROGRAM 1: Temp (107) (P11) 1: 1 Reps 2: 1 SE Channel 3: 1 Excite w/E1+reps 4: 1 Loc [ REF_TEMP ] 5: 1.0 Mult 6: 0 Offset 2: Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) (P14) 1: 5 Reps 2: 21 10 mV, 60 Hz Reject, Slow Range 3: 1 DIFF Channel 4: 1 Type T (Copper-Constantan) 5: 1 Ref Temp (Deg. C) Loc [ REF_TEMP ] 6: 2 Loc [ TC_1 ] 7: 1.0 Mult 8: 0.0 Offset 7.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES PROGRAM 1: Pulse (P3) 1: 1 2: 1 3: 20 4: 1 5: .0979 6: .2 Reps Pulse Channel 1 High Frequency, Output Hz Loc [ WS_m_s ] Mult Offset 7.7 TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAUGE WITH LONG LEADS A tipping bucket rain gauge is measured with the Pulse Count Instruction configured for Switch Closure. Counts from long intervals will be used (an option in Parameter 3), as the final output desired is total rainfall (obtained with Instruction 72, Totalize).
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES I = 50mV/Rs = 50mV/115. 54 ohms = 0.433mA Next solve for Vx: Vx = I(R1+Rs+Rf) = 4.42V If the actual resistances were the nominal values, the CR23X would not overrange with Vx = 4.4V. To allow for the tolerances in the actual resistances, it is decided to set Vx equal to 4.2 volts (e.g., if the 10 kohms resistor is 5% low, Rs/(R1+Rs+Rf)=115.54/9715.54, and Vx must be 4.204V to keep Vs less than 50mV).
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The multiplier used in Instruction 7 is determined in the same manner as in Section 7.8. In this example, the multiplier (Rf/R0) is assumed to be 100.93. The 3 wire half bridge compensates for lead wire resistance by assuming that the resistance of wire A is the same as the resistance of wire B. The maximum difference expected in wire resistance is 2%, but is more likely to be on the order of 1%.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES It is desired to control the temperature bath at 50oC with as little variation as possible. High resolution is desired so the control algorithm will be able to respond to minute changes in temperature. The highest resolution is obtained when the temperature range results in an output voltage (Vs) range which fills the measurement range selected in Instruction 6.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The offset is determined after the pressure transducer is installed in the stilling well. The sensor is installed 65 cm below the water level at the time of installation. The depth of water at this time is determined to be 72.6 cm relative to the desired reference. When programmed with the multiplier determined above and an offset of 0, a reading of 65.12 is obtained. The offset for the actual measurements is thus determined to be 72.6 - 65.12 = 7.48 cm.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES cell, the excitation voltage actually applied to the load cell, V1 would be: V1 = Vx Rs/RT = Vx 350/(350+33) = 0.91 Vx Where Vx is the excitation voltage. This means that the voltage output by the load cell would only be 91% of that expected.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES CR23X FIGURE 7.12-2. 6 Wire Full Bridge Connection for Load Cell PROGRAM 1: Full Bridge w/mv Excit (P9) 1: 1 Reps 2: 25 5000 mV, 60 Hz Reject, Fast, Ex Range 3: 21 10 mV, 60 Hz Reject, Slow, Br Range 4: 1 DIFF Channel 5: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 6: 3300 mV Excitation 7: 1 Loc [ RAW_MEAS ] 8: 46.583 Mult 9: 0.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 2: BR Transform Rf[X/(1-X)] (P59) 1: 6 Reps 2: 1 Loc [ Vs_Vx_1 ] 3: .1 Multiplier (Rf) 3: Polynomial (P55) 1: 6 Reps 2: 1 X Loc [ Vs_Vx_1 ] 3: 1 F(X) Loc [ Vs_Vx_1 ] 4: .15836 C0 5: 6.1445 C1 6: -8.4189 C2 7: 9.2493 C3 8: -3.1685 C4 9: .33392 C5 coefficients of the higher order terms are to be entered with the maximum number of significant digits. If 0.001 is used as a multiplier on the millivolt output, the coefficients are divided by 0.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.15 WATER LEVEL - GEOKON'S VIBRATING WIRE PRESSURE SENSOR The vibrating wire sensor utilizes a change in the frequency of a vibrating wire to sense pressure. Figure 7.15-1 illustrates how an increase in pressure on the diaphragm decreases the tension on the wire attached to the diaphragm. A decrease in the wire tension decreases the resonant frequency in the same way that loosening a guitar string decreases its frequency.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The following calculations are based on using a Geokon model 4500 Vibrating Wire sensor. An individual multiplier and offset must be calculated for each sensor used in a system. MULTIPLIER The fundamental equation relating frequency to pressure is the well to the water surface. The sensor is vented to atmosphere to eliminate measurement errors due to changes in barometric pressure.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES CR23X & AVW1 FIGURE 7.15-2.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES CR23X FIGURE 7.15-3. Hook up to AVW1 PROGRAM 02: AVW1 & CR23X USED TO MEASURE 1 GEOKON VIBRATING WIRE SENSOR. * Table 1 Program 01: 60 01: 7-16 Execution Interval (seconds) Excite-Delay (SE) (P4) 1: 1 Reps 2: 15 ±5000 mV Fast Range 3: 1 SE Channel 4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 5: 1 Delay (units 0.01 sec) 6: 2500 mV Excitation 7: 1 Loc [ Temp ] 8: .001 Mult 9: 0 Offset 03: Polynomial (P55) 1: 1 Reps 2: 1 X Loc [ Temp ] 3: 1 F(X) Loc [ Temp 4: -104.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: Z=X+F (P34) 1: 1 2: -24 3: 3 Z=X*F (P37) 1: 3 2: -.0698 3: 3 TABLE 7.16-1 Period Averaging Inst. 27 X Loc [ Temp ] F Z Loc [ Temp_Comp ] X Loc [ Temp_Comp ] F Z Loc [ Temp_Comp ] Z=X+Y (P33) 1: 3 X Loc [ Temp_Comp ] 2: 2 Y Loc [ Pressure ] 3: 2 Z Loc [ Pressure ] IF (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 5 X Loc [ Cmpile_Ck ] 2: 1 = 3: 0 F 4: 30 Then Do Z=X+F (P34) 1: 2 2: 47.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES TIME OUT, PARAMETER 5 The "time out", Parameter 5, specifies the maximum length of time the instruction waits on each repetition to receive the number of cycles specified in Parameter 4. The time out units are 0.01 seconds. The minimum time out is the time required to receive the specified number of cycles at the maximum expected frequency.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES CR23X CONNECTIONS FIGURE 7.16-1. CR23X/Paroscientific "T" Series Transducer Wiring Diagram PROGRAM EXAMPLE The following example reads the coefficients from a subroutine only when the datalogger program is compiled. The coefficients are stored in Input Locations 3 through 16. The temperature frequency is read on single-ended Channel 1 and stored in Input Location 1. Pressure is measured on single-ended Channel 2 and stored in Location 2.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES ;Find Temperature and Pressure. ; 04: Paroscientific (P64) 1: 1 Loc [ Temp_us ] 2: 19 Loc [ Temp_C ] * Table 3 Subroutines 01: Beginning of Subroutine (P85) 1: 1 Subroutine 1 02: Bulk Load (P65) 1: 5.8603 F 2: -3970.3 F 3: -7114.3 F 4: 102.78 F 5: 70.294 F 6: 6.6101 F 7: -119.29 F 8: 30.884 F 9: 3 Loc [ U0 03: 04: Bulk Load (P65) 1: 0 F 2: 26.337 F 3: .85170 F 4: 21.801 F 5: 0 F 6: 0 F 7: 1 F 8: 0 F 9: 11 Loc [ D2 ] 7.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES CR23X CR10X H 4H 4H 4L 4L 100 Ω ±0.01% L 4 to 20 mA Sensor GND AG CURS100 G G 12V Power12V Out G G FIGURE 7.17-1 Wiring Diagram for CURS100 Terminal Input Module and 4 to 20 mA Sensor.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This is a blank page.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES The following examples are intended to illustrate the use of Processing and Program Control Instructions, flags, dual Final Storage, and the capability to direct the results of Output Processing Instructions to Input Storage. The specific examples may not be as important as some of the techniques employed, for example: Directing Output Processing to Input Storage is used in the Running Average and Rainfall Intensity examples (8.1 and 8.2).
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 06: Sample (P70) 1: 1 Reps 2: 2 Loc [ 10smpl_mx ] 03: Set Active Storage Area (P80) 1: 3 Input Storage Area 2: 3 Array ID or Loc [ max_i ] 04: Maximum (P73) 1: 1 Reps 2: 5 Loc [ XX_mg_M3 ] 05: Spatial Maximum (P49) 1: 3 Swath 2: 1 First Loc [ max_i_2 ] 3: 4 Avg Loc [ 3_Hr_max ] In the above example, all samples for the maximum are stored in input locations. This is necessary when an maximum must be output with each new sample.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Every 15 minutes, the total rain is sent to Input Storage. If the total is not equal to 0, output is redirected to Final Storage Area 1, the time is output and the total is sampled. 8.3 USING CONTROL PORTS AND LOOP TO RUN AM416 MULTIPLEXER PROGRAM * 01: 01: Table 1 Program 60.0 Execution Interval (seconds) Pulse (P3) 1: 1 2: 1 3: 2 4: 1 5: .
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES CR23X AM416 12V G C1 C2 1H 1L EX1 2L EX2 2H FIGURE 8.3-1. AM416 Wiring Diagram For Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements PROGRAM * 01: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 8-4 Table 1 Program 600.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES INPUT LOCATIONS 1 Ref_Temp 2 TC_#1 3 TC_#2 4 TC_#3 5 TC_#4 6 TC_#5 7 TC_#6 8 TC_#7 9 TC_#8 10 TC_#9 11 TC_#10 12 TC_#11 13 TC_#12 14 TC_#13 15 TC_#14 16 TC_#15 17 TC_#16 18 Soil_#1 19 Soil_#2 20 Soil_#3 21 Soil_#4 22 Soil_#5 23 Soil_#6 24 Soil_#7 25 Soil_#8 26 Soil_#9 27 Soil_#10 28 Soil_#11 29 Soil_#12 30 Soil_#13 31 Soil_#14 32 Soil_#15 33 Soil_#16 8.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 03: If time is (P92) 1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a 2: 60 Interval (same units as above) 3: 10 Set Output Flag High 04: Real Time (P77) 1: 0110 Day,Hour/Minute 05: Totalize (P72) 1: 3 2: 10 01: Excite-Delay (SE) (P4) 1: 1 Reps 2: 14 ±1000 mV Fast Range 3: 1 SE Channel 4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1 5: 5 Delay (units 0.01 sec) 6: 1000 mV Excitation 7: 2 Loc [ 0_360_WD ] 8: .
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 08: 09: Scaling Array (A*Loc+B) (P53) 1: 5 Start Loc [ WS_out ] 2: 10 A1 ;Scale WS, 0 to 100 mph = 0 to 1000 mV 3: 0 B1 4: 1.8519 A2 ;Scale WD, 0 to 540 deg = 0 to 1000 mV 5: 0 B2 6: 25 A3 ;Scale Temp, 0 to 40 C = 0 to 1000 mV 7: 0 B3 8: 1000 A4 ;Scale Rad, 0 to 1 KW = 1 to 1000 mV 9: 0 B4 SDM-A04 (P103) 1: 4 Reps 2: 30 Address 3: 5 Loc [ WS_out 8.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 07: Z=X (P31) 1: 2 2: 10 X Loc [ 0_360_WD ] Z Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 08: IF (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 10 X Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 2: 4 < 3: 180 F 4: 30 Then Do 09: If Flag/Port (P91) 1: 11 Do if Flag 1 is High 2: 30 Then Do 10: Z=X+F (P34) 1: 10 X Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 2: 360 F 3: 10 Z Loc [ 0_540_WD ] 11: Z=X (P31) 1: 10 2: 6 12: End (P95) 13: End (P95) 14: End (P95) X Loc [ 0_540_WD ] Z Loc [ 0_540_out ] Area 2.
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SECTION 8.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES PROGRAM * 01: ;Loop 1, Output every 10 seconds for 10 minutes. ; 02: Beginning of Loop (P87) 1: 1 Delay 2: 60 Loop Count 04: Do (P86) 1: 1 07: 15: Do (P86) 1: 1 10: Do (P86) 1: 1 ;Loop 4, Output every 2 minutes for 200 minutes. ; 11: Beginning of Loop (P87) 1: 12 Delay 2: 100 Loop Count 12: 13: Do (P86) 1: 1 Call Subroutine 1 End (P95) ;Loop 5, Output every 5 minutes for 700 minutes.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.10 COVARIANCE CORRELATION PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE The example is a 2 level meteorological tower with 5 sensors at each level. The three components of the wind are measured using prop anemometers. Two thermocouples (TC) are used to measure ambient and wet-bulb temperatures and calculate water vapor pressure on-line. All sensors are scanned once per second (1 Hz) and a 5 minute subinterval averaging period with a 30 minute Output Interval is specified.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Table 8.10-3 lists the input channel configuration and Input Storage allocation for the measured values. After reading the new input samples, the Level 2 measurements are relocated using the Block Move Instruction 54, then Ta1 is relocated through a separate move and e1 is positioned by specifying the destination location in the Wet/Dry-Bulb Instruction. The COV/CORR Instruction must be entered twice, once for each level.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 03: AM25TMultiplexer (P134) 1: 4 Reps 2: 11 10 mV, Fast Range 3: 1 Channel 4: 4 DIFF Channel 5: 21 Exchan 1, 60 Hz Reject 6: 1 Clock Control 7: 2 Reset Control 8: 2 Type E (Chromel-Constantan) 9: 16 Ref Temp (Deg. C) Loc [ Ref_Temp ] 10: 7 Loc [ Ta2_1 ] 11: 1.0 Mult 12: 0.0 Offset 04: Z=X*F (P37) 1: 1 2: 1.2222 3: 1 X Loc [ W1 F Z Loc [ W1 Z=X*F (P37) 1: 4 2: 1.2222 3: 4 X Loc [ W2 F Z Loc [ W2 05: 06: 07: ] ] ] ] Block Move (P54) 1: 5 No.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 11: 12: Covariance/Correlation (P62) 1: 5 No. of Input Locations 2: 5 No. of Means 3: 5 No. of Variances 4: 0 No. of Std. Dev. 5: 4 No. of Covariance 6: 2 No. of Correlations 7: 300 Samples per Average 8: 1 First Sample Loc [ W1 9: 20 Loc [ MEAN_W1 ] Covariance/Correlation (P62) 1: 5 No. of Input Locations 2: 5 No. of Means 3: 5 No. of Variances 4: 0 No. of Std. Dev. 5: 9 No. of Covariance 6: 2 No.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.11 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM EXAMPLES 8.11.1. EXAMPLE WITHOUT BIN AVERAGING The CR23X was used to generate data representing two superimposed sine wave signals, one at 1.25 Hz (amplitude = 1) and the other at 0.25 Hz (amplitude = 2). The 1024 generated samples simulate a sampling rate of 10 Hz or a 0.1 second scan rate. Figure 8.11-1 shows a plot of the simulated signal.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.11-2. FFT Power Spectra Analysis of 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal TABLE 8.11-1. FFT Real and Imaginary Results 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal 8-16 BIN # 0 . 1 .. 2 3 Hz 0 0.009766 0.019532 0.029298 FFT Ri 0.02303 0.01036 -0.00206 0 FFT Ii 0 0 0 0 22 23 24 25 26 . 27 .. 28 29 0.214852 0.224618 0.234384 0.24415 0.253916 0.263682 0.273448 0.283214 -0.00086 0.01096 -0.19328 0.59858 -0.65827* 0.26778 -0.02466 0.00086 -0.00009 0.0036 -0.06277 0.19439 -0.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.11-2. FFT Magnitude and Phase Results 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal BIN # 0 1 2 . 3 .. Hz 0 0.009766 0.019532 0.029298 FFT Mi 0.02303 0.01036 0.00206 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 . 29.. 0.214852 0.224618 0.234384 0.24415 0.253916 0.263682 0.273448 0.283214 0.00086 0.01154 0.20321 0.62935 0.69215* 0.28158 0.02592 0.00092 185.58 17.952 197.78 17.776 197.79* 17.801 197.68 21.646 125 126 127 128 129 130 . 131 .. 1.22075 1.230516 1.240282 1.250048 1.
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SECTION 8.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.11-3. Simulated Ocean Buoy Wave Data FIGURE 8.11-4.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.11-4. FFT Bin Averaging Results from Simulated Ocean Buoy Wave Data BIN # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 FREQUENCY 0.00195 0.0039 0.00585 0.0078 0.00975 0.0117 0.01365 0.0156 0.01755 0.0195 0.02145 0.0234 0.02535 0.0273 0.02925 0.0312 0.03315 0.0351 0.03705 0.039 0.04095 0.0429 0.04485 0.0468 0.04875 FFT*0.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 10: 11: If Flag/Port (P91) 1: 12 Do if Flag 2 is High 2: 30 Then Do 04: FFT (P60) 1: 11 2: 1 3: 3 4: 284 05: 5: 12: 13: 14: .
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SECTION 8.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES PURPLE 2H PURPLE 3H ASPTC (UPPER) RED 3L G ASPTC (LOWER) RED 2L BLACK RED SWITCHED 12 V RED G BLACK FIGURE 8.12-1.
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SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES This is a blank page.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-1. Input Voltage Ranges and Codes Range Codes* Full Scale Range Fast 250 µs Integ. 60 Hz Reject. 50 Hz Reject. 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 21 22 23 24 25 30 31 32 33 34 35 Autorange*** ±10 mV ±50 mV ±200 mV ±1000 mV ±5000 mV Resolution Differential** 0.33 1.67 6.66 33.3 166 µV µV µV µV µV * See “Measurements” section for a full list and explanation of possible range codes.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS CR23X 20k Pi FIGURE 9-1. Conditioning Large Voltage Pulses Use separate Pulse Count Instructions when measuring both pulse channels and control ports. All Pulse Count instructions must be kept in the same program table. If the Pulse Count Instruction is contained within a subroutine, that subroutine must be called from Table 2. The use of control ports for pulse measurement causes the CR23X to use a continuous 10 mA of power.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS • Control Ports The switch closure is connected between channels C5..C8 and the 5 V terminal. When the switch is open, the control port is pulled to ground through an internal 100 kOhm resistor. When the switch is closed, the control port is at 5 V. The count is incremented when the switch closes. Maximum Frequency: 40 Hz Minimum Switch Closed Time: 6 ms Minimum Switch Open Time: 6 ms High Precision Measurements Maximum Program Execution Interval: < 4.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-3. Execution and Counter Reset Intervals and Maximum Input Frequencies User Programmed Execution Interval (s) Counter Reset Interval (s) Counter Reset Frequency (Hz) Maximum Input Frequency (kHz) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.80 ≥1.0 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.10 100 50 100 50 20 10 20 10 10 25.5 12.75 25.5 12.75 5.10 2.55 5.10 2.55 2.55 Control Port Details: Coprocessor and Accumulators Counts on Control Ports C5..
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS less than 4 seconds, control ports C5..C8 measure frequency much more precisely than do pulse channels. • • Pulse Channels Hz = counts / Execution Interval Maximum Error (Hz) = ±[1/(Execution Interval - 50 µs)] Control Ports Hz = counts / measured time (±0.5 µs) since previous measurement Error if Execution Interval < 4.0 s Maximum Error (Hz) = 2 ±(0.5 µs)∗(Frequency) Error if Execution Interval ≥ 4.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 5 AC HALF BRIDGE *** FUNCTION This instruction is used to apply an excitation voltage to a half bridge (Figure 13.5-1), make a single-ended voltage measurement of the bridge output, reverse the excitation voltage, then repeat the measurement. The difference between the two measurements is used to calculate the resulting value which is the ratio of the measurement to the excitation voltage.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 2 2 03: 2 04: 2 05: 4 06: 4 07: 08: FP FP DESCRIPTION Repetitions Range code for both measurements (Table 9-1) Single-ended channel number for first measurement Excitation channel (Table 9-2A) Excitation voltage (millivolts) Input location number for first measurement Multiplier Offset PARAM.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: The temperature value used in compensating the RH value (Parameter 5) must be obtained (see Instruction 11) prior to executing Instruction 12 and must be in Celsius. The RH results are placed sequentially into the input locations beginning with the first RH value. In the 207 probe, the RH and temperature elements use a common excitation line. CAUTION: Never excite the 207 probe with DC excitation because the RH chip will be damaged.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-5. Voltage and Temperature Ranges for Thermocouples if the Reference is 20°°C Voltage Range Type T Type E Type K Type J ±10 mV ±50 mV ±200 mV -200 to 227 -200 to 400 ----- -199 to 169 -240 to 675 -240 to 1000 -56 to 264 -56 to 1372 ----- -150 to 205 -150 to 422 ----- Voltage Range Type B Type R Type S Type N -50 to 1045 -50 to 1450 -200 to 333 -200 to 1240 ±10 mV ±50 mV PARAM.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 15 CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O *** *** 18 MOVE TIME TO INPUT LOCATION *** FUNCTION Send and receive serial data through the CR23X control ports, see Appendix B for details on using Instruction 15. FUNCTION This instruction takes the current time in seconds into the minute, minutes into the day, or hours into the year and does a modulo divide (see Instruction 46) on the time value with the number specified in the second parameter.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 20 SET PORT *** FUNCTION This instruction sets or configures specified control ports (C1-C8). On power-up, ports default to input configuration (i.e., they are not driven high or low by the CR23X, and can be used to read the status of an external signal using Instruction 25). When a port is set high, low, pulsed, or toggled by this instruction or a program control command, the port is automatically configured as an output.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS If the excitation channel is indexed, parameter 4 becomes an input location. The excitation voltage must be loaded into the specified input location before Instruction 22 is executed. PARAM.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS specified transition to trigger. For example, when triggering on the rising edge, if the input starts out high, it must go low and then high again to trigger. 1000 (e.g., 0.001 represents 1 measurement). If 0 is entered for Parameter 6, the CR23X will continue to send data until the Instruction is aborted by pressing any key on the keyboard.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: When the raw serial data option is selected, the calibration values are for conversion to millivolts only. Parameters 11 and 12 are ignored. SCAN INTERVAL Instruction 23 has its own scan interval independent of the execution interval of the program table in which it resides. The resolution of the clock timing the execution interval is 407 nanoseconds.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 05: FP 06: FP 07: 4 08: FP 09: 10: 4 4 11: FP 12: FP 3 - CS I/O port 76,800 baud to SM192/716 5 - CS I/O port 38.4 K 6 - RS-232 port 38.4 K D Measurement 0 - Differential measurement 1 - Single-ended measurement Scan interval (ms, minimum 0.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 26 TIMER *** FUNCTION This instruction will reset a timer or store the elapsed time registered by the timer in seconds in an Input Storage location. Instruction 26 can be used with Program Control Instructions to measure the elapsed time between specific input conditions. There is only one timer and it is common to all tables (e.g.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS c 1µF To single - ended input Sensor with DC Vo s offset D1 D2 R 10k Silicon diodes such as 1N4001 Figure 9-2. Recommended input conditioning circuit for period averaging. An internal gain stage is used to amplify lowlevel ac signals prior to a zero-crossing detector for the period averaging measurement. The minimum pulse width requirements increase (maximum frequency decreases) with increasing gain as shown in Table 9-8.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 04: 05: 4 4 06: 4 07: 08: FP FP # Cycles to measure Time out (0.01 sec, at least the maximum duration of the number of cycles specified + 1 1/2 cycles.) Destination input location Multiplier Offset a single excitation channel and measures the sensor’s output on two consecutive differential analog input channels. The pressure and sensor temperature are written into two consecutive input locations starting at the location specified in parameter 3.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 101 SDM-INT8 *** FUNCTION The 8 channel Interval Timer (INT8) is a measurement module which provides processed timing information to the datalogger. Each of the 8 input channels may be independently configured to detect either rising or falling edges of either a low level AC signal or a 5 V logic signal. Each channel may be independently programmed. See the SDM-INT8 manual for detailed instructions and examples. PARAM.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS indicates bad RAM. Function Option 3 is not used routinely, but is helpful in "debugging". Only one Rep is required for Option 3. Parameter 4 specifies the first SW8A channel to be read (1..8). One or more sequential channels are read depending on the Reps. To optimize program efficiency, the sensors should be wired sequentially. Data are stored in sequential input locations, starting at the location specified in Parameter 5.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 2 02: 2 03: 4 DESCRIPTION Reps (# of CD16AC modules sequentially addressed) Starting Address, Base 4 (00..33) Starting input location For example, address ‘A’ would be entered as 65. PARAMETER 2. COMMAND Enter a number to select the command to be sent to the SDI-12 sensor. Usually 0 is entered to select the M command.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS execution of the instruction, the CR23X will again issue the ‘C’ command. The results of an M, C, M1-M9, or V command sequence is numerical data, stored in input location(s). The response to the I command is text information, which is written directly to Final Storage regardless of the Output Flag's state. 7 mode of the CR23X cannot be The used to view text data. †In addition to the Standard SDI-12 commands, the CR23X can issue ‘Extended’ SDI-12 commands.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAMETER 3. PORT Enter the CR23X control port (C5-C8) connected to the SDI-12 sensor data line. The default port is C8. PARAMETER 4. INPUT LOCATION Input location where the returned data is stored. If multiple values are returned from the SDI-12 sensor they are stored in sequential input locations beginning at the specified location. *** 106 SDI-12 SENSOR *** Instruction 106 allows a CR23X to be used as an SDI-12 sensor.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS This is likely to occur if Subroutine 98 execution takes longer than the scan interval programmed for Table 1 or 2. It is also possible for instructions in Table 1 or 2 to prevent Subroutine 98 from being called in time for Instruction 106 to receive the address information from the recorder. This is likely to occur only if Table 1 or 2 is executed often and has instructions that take longer than 1/3 second to execute.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 107 SDM-CSAT3 *** FUNCTION This instruction controls and receives data from CSI’s three-dimensional sonic anemometer (CSAT3). See the CSAT3 manual for information on Instruction 107. Input locations altered: 5 per repetition *** 110 SDM-GROUP TRIGGER *** FUNCTION This instruction is used to synchronize the measurements of up to 15 SDM sensors that support the group trigger protocol. The data is retrieved with the appropriate device specific instruction.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 4 Option Codes: DESCRIPTION Bit period, 10µs units Normally this parameter represents the bit period. If the parameter is indexed (--), the value entered is an Input Location that contains the bit period to use. NOTE: The TDR Instruction 100 and the SDM-SI04 Instruction 113 automatically adjusts the SDM communication rate to the fastest that will work.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-10. Extended Vibrating Wire Range Codes Range Code Peak to Peak Volts Maximum Required @ Max. Freq.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 2 02: 4 DESCRIPTION Option / CAO Channel Number Input Location number of analog output magnitude (mV) 06: 07: 08: 2 2 2 09: 4 10: 4 11: 12: FP FP Input location read: 1 *** 134 AM25T *** This instruction controls the AM25T Solid State Multiplexer for Thermocouples. P134 can measure thermocouples temperatures or millivoltage. PARAM.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS This is a blankpage.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS To facilitate cross referencing, parameter descriptions are keyed [ ] to the values given on the PROMPT SHEET. These values are defined as follows: [Z] = Destination input location for result [X] = Input location of X [Y] = Input location of Y [F] = Fixed Data (user specified floating point number) PARAM.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 36 X * Y *** FUNCTION Multiply X by Y and place the result in an input location (Z). PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X 02: 4 Dest. input location for 1/2 [Z] X Input locations altered: DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X [X] 02: 4 Input location of Y [Y] 03: 4 Dest.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 43 ABS(X) *** FUNCTION Take the absolute (ABS) value of X and place the result in an input location. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 4 Input location of X [X] 02: 4 Dest. input location for ABS(X) [Z] FUNCTION Take the fractional (FRAC) value (i.e., the noninteger portion) of X and place the result in an input location. DATA TYPE 4 Input location of X 02: 4 Dest.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Parameter 3 cannot be entered as an indexed location within a loop (Instruction 87). To use Instruction 49 within a loop, enter Parameter 3 as a fixed location and follow 49 with the Instruction 31 (Move Data). In Instruction 31, enter the location in which 49 stores its result as the source (fixed) and enter the destination as an indexed location. PARAM. NUMBER PARAM.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS 05: FP Offset 2 [B2] 06: FP Multiplier 3 [A3] 07: FP Offset 3 [B3] 08: FP Multiplier 4 [A4] 09: FP Offset 4 [B4] PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 2 Repetitions 02: 4 Starting input location for X [X] 03: 4 Dest. input location for F(X) [F(X) or Z] *** 54 BLOCK MOVE *** 04: FP C0 coefficient [C0] FUNCTION Executes a "block move" of data in input locations.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 57 VAPOR PRESSURE FROM *** WET-/DRY-BULB TEMPERATURES FUNCTION Calculate vapor pressure in kilopascals from wet and dry-bulb temperatures in °C. This algorithm type is used by the National Weather Service: VP = VPW - A(1 + B*TW)(TA - TW) P VP = ambient vapor pressure in kilopascals VPW = saturation vapor pressure at the wetbulb temperature in kilopascals TW = wet-bulb temperature, °C TA = ambient air temperature, °C P = air pressure in kilopascals A = 0.000660 B = 0.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 60 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM *** THEORY Instruction 60 performs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on a set of data contained in contiguous locations in Input Storage. The FFT is used to obtain information on the relative magnitudes and phases of the various frequency components in a time varying signal. FFT theory requires that the signal be sampled at a frequency that is at least two times faster than the highest frequency component in the signal.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS the magnitude and phase components. Bin averaging is not allowed with this option. Second Digit: A "0" in the second digit specifies that no taper be applied, whereas a "1" specifies that a taper be applied. If the original data set is not known to be periodic with an integral number of periods in the data set, then it is necessary to apply a taper to the beginning and end of the data. The taper that is applied is a four term Blackman-Harris as specified by Fredric J.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS REAL AND IMAGINARY COMPONENTS The result of the FFT when the Real and Imaginary option is selected is N/2 input locations containing the Real components (Ri) followed by N/2 input locations containing the Imaginary components (Ii). There is a real and an imaginary component for each bin. The value of i varies from 1 to N/2.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS BIN FREQUENCY The band width or the frequency covered by each averaged bin is equal to FA/N where F is the sample frequency in Hz (1/scan interval in seconds) and A is the number of bins being averaged.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 61 INDIRECT INDEXED MOVE *** FUNCTION Moves input data from location X to location Y, where X and/or Y are indirectly addressed (X and Y are stored in the locations specified by Parameters 1 and 2). If a location parameter is specified as "indexed" (xxxx--), then the actual input location referenced is calculated by adding the current index counter to the value in the specified input location.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 10-2. Maximum Number of Outputs and Output Order for K Input Values. (The output order flows from left to right and from top to bottom) INPUTS: TYPE MAX NO. OUTPUTS X1 X2 X3 X4 (1st) (2nd) (3rd) OUTPUTS (4th) ..... XK (Kth) Means K M(X1) M(X2) M(X3) M(X4) ..... M(XK) Variances K V(X1) V(X2) V(X3) V(X4) ..... V(XK) Std. Deviation K SD(X1) SD(X2) SD(X3) SD(X4) .....
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS The Averaging Period Processing occurs whenever the number of input samples entered in Parameter 7 is satisfied or whenever an Output Interval occurs (i.e., whenever the Output Flag is set). Results from these calculations are stored sequentially in Input Storage locations starting with the location specified in Parameter 9. The calculations performed are shown below, where N is the number of input samples in the averaging period: 1. Means: M(X) = ΣX/N 2.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS C = K if K < the number of correlations requested, or C = number of correlations + 1 if K > the number of correlations requested. 3. Define Q as the maximum of either the covariances or correlations desired. 4. Define P as the total number of outputs desired.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Tau = measured pressure (microsecond), U(t) = measured temperature (microsecond). Values for the calibration coefficients (U0, Y1, Y2, Y3, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) are provided by Paroscientific. Instruction 64 has two parameters as shown below. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION Y2 * Y3 C1 C2 C3 * D1 D2 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 -7114.265 102779.1 70.29398 6.610141 -119.2867 0.0308837 0.0 26.33703 0.8516985 21.80118 0.0 0.0 -7114.3 102.78 70.294 6.6101 -119.
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SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 66 ARCTAN *** FUNCTION Calculate the angle in degrees whose tangent is X/Y. The polarity of X and Y must be known to determine the quadrant of the angle, as shown here. If 0 is entered for Parameter 2, the Arctangent of X is the result (limits of ARCTAN(X) are -90° < ARCTAN < 90°). PARAM.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 69 WIND VECTOR *** FUNCTION Instruction 69 processes the primary variables of wind speed and direction from either polar (wind speed and direction) or orthogonal (fixed East and North propellers) sensors. It uses the raw data to generate the mean wind speed, the mean wind vector magnitude, and the mean wind vector direction over an output interval.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS There are three Output Options that specify the values calculated. where Ux=(Σsin Θi)/N Option 0: Mean horizontal wind speed, S. Unit vector mean wind direction, Θ1. Standard deviation of wind direction, σ(Θ1). Standard deviation is calculated using the Yamartino algorithm. This option complies with EPA guidelines for use with straightline Gaussian dispersion models to model plume transport.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 71 AVERAGE *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the average value over the given output interval for each input location specified. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION *** 74 MINIMUM *** FUNCTION Operating in the same manner as Program 73, this instruction is used for storing the MINIMUM value (for each input location specified) over a given output interval. 01: 2 Repetitions PARAM. NUMBER 02: 4 Starting input location no.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS while the bin select value was within a particular sub-range, the value output to Final Storage must be divided by the fraction of time that the bin select value was within that particular subrange (i.e., a standard histogram of the bin select value must also be output).
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Code Result xxx1 xx1x xx2x x1xx x2xx SECONDS (with resolution of 0.125 sec.) HOUR-MINUTE HOUR-MINUTE, 2400 instead of 0000 JULIAN DAY JULIAN DAY, previous day during first minute of new day YEAR 1xxx Any combination of Year, Day, HR-MIN, and seconds is possible (e.g., 1011: YEAR, HRMIN, SEC).
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS the burst mode. The Rainflow Instruction can process either a swath of data following the burst mode, or it can process "on line" similar to other processing instructions. The output is a two dimensional Rainflow Histogram for each sensor or repetition. One dimension is the amplitude of the closed loop cycle (i.e., the distance between peak and valley); the other dimension is the mean of the cycle (i.e.,[peak value + valley value]/2).
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS 09: 2 A: B: 10: 4 Option (AB) Form 0 = closed, 1 = open form Output 0 = fraction, 1 = counts Input location to start storing histogram. Enter 0 to send output directly to Final Storage. Execution time: 6.5 - 7.0 ms, with 60 Amplitude Bins and one Mean Bin. Intermediate Storage locations required: Reps x (Bins+2 x [No. of Amplitude Bins] + 4), where Bins = No. Mean Bins x No. Amplitude Bins. Outputs Generated: No. Mean Bins x No.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS This is a blankp age.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 12-1. Flag Description Flag 0 Flag 1 to 8 Flag 11 to 18 Flag 9 Output Flag User Flags User Flags Intermediate Processing Disable Flag TABLE 12-2.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: Do not set the output flag in an interrupt subroutine unless it is the only place the output flag is set and data are output. NOTE: If Control Ports 5, 6, 7, or 8 are used for pulse measurements or interrupt subroutines, the CR23X will go into a 10 mA power drain state. PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 2 DESCRIPTION Subroutine number (1-9, 79-99) *** 86 DO *** FUNCTION This Instruction unconditionally executes the specified command. PARAM.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS locations: one for the number of samples and one for the running total. Each time through the loop the sample counter is incremented and the value in the referenced input location is added to the total. If the input location is indexed, the values from all input locations are added to the same total. Note that if the Output Flag is set prior to entering the loop in the above example, 10 values will be output.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS seconds; the rest of the time one minute between samples is sufficient. The execution interval is set to 10 seconds; when a one minute sample rate is desired, a delay of 6 (6 x 10s = 60s) is used in the loop. 2: Time (P18) 1: 2 TABLE 12-4.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS location parameters in subsequent instructions. For example, if 4 is specified, the index counter will count up by 4 (0,4,8,12,...) inside the loop. Instruction 90 does not affect the loop counter which still counts by 1. PARAM.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 4 *** 96 ACTIVATE SERIAL DATA OUTPUT *** DESCRIPTION Input location for subsequent comparisons EXAMPLE: 1: CASE (P93) 1: 2 Case Loc [ ValueX ] 2: If Case Location < F (P83) 1: 69.4 F 2: 3 Call Subroutine 3 ;else 3: If Case Location < F (P83) 1: 72 F 2: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0) ;else 4: If Case Location < F (P83) 1: 77.3 F 2: 30 Then Do 5: Z=F (P30) 1: 0.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS the Final Storage Area. Instruction 98 to send characters also uses this queue. When an entry reaches the top of the queue, the CR23X sends all data accumulated since the last transfer to the device up to the location of the DSP at the time the device became active (this allows everything in the queue to get a turn even if data is being stored faster than it can be transferred to a particular device).
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS can be output to CR23X final storage. Doing so will help evaluate the success of P97. P97 should not be placed in a conditional statement or subroutine, but rather controlled by controlling the interrupt disable flag. P97 must be executed twice for each call. Once to initiate the call and once more to reset after a successful call or after retries have expired. Parameter 3 Time Limit on Call Attempt One second units.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS Additional Programming Requirements Radio, telephone, and generic modem applications require the use of one or more Instruction P68 immediately following P97. P68 Hints: Digits, such as telephone numbers and RF addresses, are entered directly, one character per line (0 - 9). All other characters must be entered as ASCII decimal equivalents. A list of ASCII decimal equivalents is shown in Appendix E. X (ASCII equivalent = 88).
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 12-8.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS A ) NOTE: The memory allocation ( must be the same between the program in RAM and the program that is loaded from Flash. If the memory allocations are not the same, the CR23X will reallocate memory and the data in Final Storage will be lost. Do not use the auto program allocation (0 A mode), for Parameter 5 in the because data will be lost. PARAM.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS Special Movement codes possible to use 8, 129 10 13 16 128 192 128-151 Backspace Clears bottom line Blank Display Turn off display Beginning of Top line Beginning of Bottom line Skip # Spaces (please note that not all “characters” are displayed on the screen). For example 131 skips 1 space, 132 skips 2 spaces, etc. It does not write over any characters written in the spaces it skips.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS NOTE: Highlighted portions of this section have not been updated for the CR23X. 13.1 FAST AND SLOW MEASUREMENT SEQUENCE The CR23X makes voltage measurements by integrating the input signal for a fixed time and then holding the integrated value for the analog to digital (A/D) conversion.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.1-1. Fast 50 and 60 Hz Noise Rejection 450 uS 250 uS fast 260 uS 16.67 mS 60 Hz Reject 20.00 mS 50 Hz Reject Reset Integrator FIGURE 13.1-2. Timing of Single-Ended Measurement 13.1.1 OFFSET VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT A single-ended measurement on the ±10 mV and ±50 mV ranges takes longer than on other input ranges because an offset measurement prior to every scan is performed. Offset measurements are performed in background on all other input ranges.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS 250 us fast 260 us 16.67 ms 60 Hz Reject 20.00 ms 50 Hz Reject 500 us 250 us fast 260 us 16.67 ms 60 Hz Reject 20.00 ms 50 Hz Reject FIGURE 13.2-2. Differential Voltage Measurement Sequence Another instance where a ground potential difference creates a problem is in a case such as described in Section 7.2, where external signal conditioning circuitry is powered from the same external source as the CR23X.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS 13.3 THE EFFECT OF SENSOR LEAD LENGTH ON THE SIGNAL SETTLING TIME Whenever an analog input is switched into the CR23X measurement circuitry prior to making a measurement, a finite amount of time is required for the signal to stabilize at its correct value. The rate at which the signal settles is determined by the input settling time constant which is a function of both the source resistance, and input capacitance (explained below).
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS For the rising case, Vs = Vso-Ve, whereas for the decaying transient, Vs = Vso+Ve. Substituting these relationships for Vs in Equations 13.3-1 and 13.3-2, respectively, yields expressions in Ve, the input settling error: Ve = Vso e-t/RoCT, rise [13.3-6] Ve = Ve'o e-t/RoCT, decay [13.3-7] Where Ve'o = Veo-Vso, the difference between the peak transient voltage and the true signal voltage.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS DETERMINING SOURCE RESISTANCE The source resistance used to estimate the settling time constant is the resistance the CR23X input "sees" looking out at the sensor. For our purposes the source resistance can be defined as the resistance from the CR23X input through all external paths back to the CR23X. Figure 13.3-2 shows a typical resistive sensor, (e.g., a thermistor) configured as a half bridge. Figure 13.3-3 shows Figure 13.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION The dielectric absorption of insulation surrounding individual conductors can seriously affect the settling waveform by increasing the time required to settle as compared to a simple exponential. Dielectric absorption is difficult to quantify, but it can have a serious effect on low level measurements (i.e., 50 mV or less). The primary rule to follow in minimizing dielectric absorption is: Avoid PVC insulation around conductors.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS Ro, the source resistance, is not constant because Rb varies from 0 to 10 kohms over the 0 to 360 degree wind direction range. The source resistance is given by: error = -6 3 -9 -12 -1 360° * e ( -4 5 0* 1 0 s / ( 6* 1 0 Ω* (3.3* 1 0 fd+ ( 4 1* 1 0 fd ft * 1 0 0 0 ft)))) Ro = Rd+(Rb(Rs-Rb+Rf)/(Rs+Rf)) = TABLE 13.3-3. Settling Error, in Degrees, for 024A Wind Direction Sensor vs. Lead Length Rd+(Rb(20k-Rb)/20k) error = 66° [13.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS 1) Veo ~ 50 mV, peak transient at 2 V excitation NOTE: Excitation transients are eliminated if excitation leads are contained in a shield independent from the signal leads. 2) Ve ~ 2.5 µV, allowable measurement error 3) t = 450 µs, CR23X input settling time The size of the peak transient is linearly related to the excitation voltage and increases as the bridge resistor, Rf, increases. Table 13.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.3-6. Maximum Lead Length vs. Error for Campbell Scientific Resistive Sensors Sensor Model # Error Range 107 034A 227 237 0.05°C 3° 10 kohm 0°C to 40°C @ 360° 20k to 300k 1 2 3 5 2083 1000 Maximum Length(ft.) 10001 3802 20003 20003 based on transient settling based on signal rise time limit of excitation drive The comparatively small transient yet large source resistance of the 034A sensor indicates that signal rise time may be the most important limitation.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS 5. Use the CR23X to measure the input settling error associated with a given configuration. For example, assume long leads are required but the lead capacitance, Cw, is unknown. Configure Rf on a length of cable similar to the measurement. Leave the sensor end open as shown in Figure 13.3-8 and measure the result using the same instruction parameters to be used with the sensor. The measured deviation from 0V is the input settling error. 6.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-7.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS CR23X FIGURE 13.3-8. Measuring Input Settling Error with the CR23X CR23X FIGURE 13.3-9. Incorrect Lead Wire Extension on Model 107 Temperature Sensor CR23X FIGURE 13.3-8.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS CR23X FIGURE 13.3-9. Incorrect Lead Wire Extension on Model 107 Temperature Sensor 13.4 THERMOCOUPLE MEASUREMENTS 13.4.1 ERROR ANALYSIS A thermocouple consists of two wires, each of a different metal or alloy, which are joined together at each end. If the two junctions are at different temperatures, a voltage proportional to the difference in temperatures is induced in the wires.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS 100K6A1 Interchangeability Error (deg C) 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 Error (deg C) 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 Temperature FIGURE 13.4-1. BetaTherm 100K6A1 Interchangeability Error When the CR23X is subjected to large temperature gradients or rapid temperature changes, The reference temperature error can be much greater. Figure 13.
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4 TC Temperature Error, Channel 4 60 3.5 50 TC Temperature Error, Channel 1 40 3 2.5 TC Temperature Error, Channel 7 2 20 1.5 10 True TC Temperature 1 0 CR23X Reference Temperature 0.5 0 -10 -20 Terminal Cover Temperature -0.5 -30 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 -5 0 -40 -10 -1 Time, Minutes FIGURE 13.4-2. Thermocouple Temperature Error During Rapid Temperature Change Base w/o Battery, Terminal Cover in Place TABLE 13.4-1.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS THERMOCOUPLE LIMITS OF ERROR The standard reference which lists thermocouple output voltage as a function of temperature (reference junction at 0°C) is the National Institute of Standards and Technology Monograph 175 (1974). The American National Standards Institute has established limits of error on thermocouple wire which is accepted as an industry standard (ANSI MC 96.1, 1975). Table 13.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.4-2. Limits of Error on Datalogger Thermocouple Output Linearization (Relative to ITS-90 Standard in NIST Monograph 175) TC Type Range °C 87 316 400 Limits of Error °C ± 0.022 ± 0.042 ± 0.060 T -200 to 87 to 316 to E -240 to -130 -130 to 479 479 to 1000 ± 0.40 ± 0.05 ± 0.21 K -56 to 413 413 to 1372 ± 0.05 ± 0.40 J -150 to 92 to 92 412 ± 0.02 ± 0.04 B 50 to 1007 1007 to 1700 ± 0.20 ± 0.50 R 0 to 579 579 to 1450 ± 0.10 ± 0.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS maximum and additive. A temperature of 45°C is measured with a type T (copper-constantan) thermocouple, using the ±5 mV range. The nominal accuracy on this range is 2.5 µV (0.05% of 5 mV), which at 45°C changes the temperature by 0.06°C. The RTD is 25°C but is indicating 25.3°C, and the terminal that the thermocouple is connected to is 0.3°C cooler than the RTD. TABLE 13.4-4.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS CR23X FIGURE 13.4-3. Diagram of Junction Box An external reference junction box must be constructed so that the entire terminal area is very close to the same temperature. This is necessary so that a valid reference temperature can be measured, and to avoid a thermoelectric offset voltage which will be induced if the terminals at which the thermocouple leads are connected (points A and B in Figure 13.4-3) are at different temperatures.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-1.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-2. Excitation and Measurement Sequence for 4 Wire Full Bridge TABLE 13.5-1. Comparison of Bridge Measurement Instructions Instr. Circuit Description 4 DC Half Bridge User entered settling time allows compensation for capacitance in long lead lengths. No polarity reversal. One single-ended measurement. Measured voltage output. 5 AC Half Bridge Rapid reversal of excitation polarity for ion depolarization.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS Calculating the actual resistance of a sensor which is one of the legs of a resistive bridge usually requires the use of one or two Processing Instructions in addition to the bridge measurement instruction. Instruction 59 takes a value, X, in a specified input location and computes the value MX/(1-X), where M is the multiplier and stores the result in the original location. Instruction 42 computes the reciprocal of a value in an input location. Table 13.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS 13.6 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS REQUIRING AC EXCITATION Some resistive sensors require AC excitation. These include the 207 relative humidity probe, soil moisture blocks, water conductivity sensors, and wetness sensing grids. The use of DC excitation with these sensors can result in polarization, which will cause an erroneous measurement, and may shift the calibration of the sensor and/or lead to its rapid decay.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS INFLUENCE OF GROUND LOOP ON MEASUREMENTS When measuring soil moisture blocks or water conductivity, the potential exists for a ground loop which can adversely affect the measurement. This ground loop arises because the soil and water provide an alternate path for the excitation to return to CR23X ground, and can be represented by the model diagrammed in Figure 13.6-2. In Figure 13.
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SECTION 13. CR23X MEASUREMENTS and would complete in background every (17 segments) * (4 sec/segment) = 68 seconds. If a user selects all possible input range codes, with the exception of either 60 Hz or 50 Hz rejection, but not both, along with period averaging, the background calibration would consist of 44 total segments and would require (44 segments) * (4 sec / segment) = 176 seconds (2.9 minutes) to complete in background.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.1 PROTECTION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT The normal environmental variables of concern are temperature and moisture. The standard CR23X is designed to operate reliably from -25 to +50°C (-40°C to +80°C, optional) in noncondensing humidity. When humidity tolerances are exceeded, damage to IC chips, microprocessor failure, and/or measurement inaccuracies due to condensation on the various PC board runners may result.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE TABLE 14.8-1. Typical Current Drain for Common CR23X Peripherals Peripheral AM25T AM416 COM100 COM200 Phone Modem CSM1 MD9 RAD Modem and SC932 Interface RF100-VHF 5 Watt Radio RF200-UHF 4 Watt Radio RF95 RF Modem SDM-A04 SDM-CD16 SDM-INT8 SDM-SW8A SM192/SM716 Storage Module VS1 14.2 POWER REQUIREMENTS The CR23X operates at a nominal 12 VDC. Below 11.0 V or above 16 volts the CR23X does not operate properly.
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1 2 4 7 * B 6 8 0 C 9 # A 3 5 D FIGURE 14.3-1.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.3 CR23X POWER SUPPLIES The CR23X is available with either alkaline or lead acid battery options. It may also be purchased without a battery option. will lose approximately 35% (15 Ah - 9.8 Ahr = 5.2 Ah) of their capacity before the external power takes over. The amp-hour rating decreases with temperature as shown in Table 14.3-2. Datalogger Instruction 10 can be used to monitor battery voltage.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE acid battery specifications are given in Table 14.3-3. TABLE 14.3-3. CR23X Rechargeable Battery and AC Transformer Specifications The leads from the charging source connect to a wiring terminal plug on the side of the base. Polarity of the leads to the connector does not matter. A transzorb provides transient protection to the charging circuit. A sustained input voltage in excess of 40V will cause the transzorb to limit voltage.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE the solar panel selection. For example, local effects such as mountain shadows, fog from valley inversion, snow, ice, leaves, birds, etc. shading the panel should be considered. Guidelines are available from the Solarex Corporation for solar panel selection called "DESIGN AIDS FOR SMALL PV POWER SYSTEMS". It provides a method for calculating solar panel size based on general site location and system power requirements.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE CR23X Panel +12V G FIGURE 14.6-2. Connecting to Vehicle Power Supply 14.7 CR23X Grounding Grounding of the CR23X and its peripheral devices and sensors is critical in all applications. Proper grounding will ensure the maximum ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection and the higher measurement accuracy. 14.7.1 ESD PROTECTION An ESD (electrostatic discharge) can originate from several sources.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE Tie analog signal shields and returns to grounds ( ) located in analog input terminal strips. Tie CAO and pulse-counter returns into grounds ( ) in CAO and pulsecounter terminal strip. Large excitation return currents may also be tied into this ground in order to minimize induced single-ended offset voltages in half bridge measurements.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE For these situations, consult the literature on lightning protection or contact a qualified lightning protection consultant. An excellent source of information on lightning protection can be located via the web at http://www.polyphaser.com. In vehicle applications, the earth ground lug should be firmly attached to the vehicle chassis with 12 AWG wire or larger. In laboratory applications, locating a stable earth ground is not always obvious.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE supply terminal, and 1 continuous 5 Volt (5V) supply terminal. Voltage on the 12V and SW12 terminals will change with the CR23X supply voltage. The 5V terminal is regulated and will always remain near 5 Volts (±4%)so long as the CR23X supply voltage remains above 11 Volts. The 5V terminal is not suitable for resistive bridge sensor excitation, however. Table 14.8-1 shows current sourcing limitations of the 12 Volt and 5 Volt ports. Table 14.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE FIGURE 14.9-1. Relay Driver Circuit with Relay FIGURE 14.9-2. Power Switching without Relay 14.10 MAINTENANCE The CR23X power supplies require a minimum of routine maintenance. When not in use, the rechargeable supply should be stored in a cool, dry environment with the AC charging circuit activated. The alkaline supply should not drop below 11.0 V before replacement.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.10.2 REPLACING THE INTERNAL BATTERY CAUTION: Misuse of the lithium battery or installing it improperly can cause severe injury. Fire, explosion, and severe burn hazard! Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100°C (212°F), solder directly to the cell, incinerate, nor expose contents to water. The CR23X must be partially disassembled to replace the lithium cell. The battery is replaced as shown in Figures 14.10-4 to 14.10-6.
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O SANY SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE FIGURE 14.11-6. Removal of band clamp and battery.
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APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY ASCII: Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced "askee"). A specific binary code of 128 characters represented by 7 bit binary numbers. ASYNCHRONOUS: The transmission of data between a transmitting and a receiving device occurs as a series of zeros and ones. For the data to be "read" correctly, the receiving device must begin reading at the proper point in the series.
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APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY INPUT STORAGE: That portion of memory allocated for the storage of results of Input and Processing Instructions. The values in Input Storage can be displayed and altered in the 6 Mode. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS: Used to initiate measurements and store the results in Input Storage or to set or read Control/Logic Ports. INSTRUCTION LOCATION NUMBER: As instructions are entered in a Program Table, they are numbered sequentially.
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APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY PRINT PERIPHERAL: See Print Device. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS: These Instructions allow the user to further process input data values and return the result to Input Storage where it can be accessed for output processing. Arithmetic and transcendental functions are included in these Instructions. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS: Used to modify the sequence of execution of Instructions contained in Program Tables; also used to set or clear flags.
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APPENDIX B. CR23X CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 B.1 SPECIFICATIONS FUNCTION Send/receive full duplex serial data through the CR23X control ports and Computer RS-232 9-pin serial port. Received serial data can be buffered. This prevents data from being lost from sensors that output data without hardware of software command prompting from the datalogger. Received data can also have simple ASCII filters applied to locate the beginning of the actual data set.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 CR23X FIGURE B-1. Circuit To Limit Input to 0 to 5 Volts B.3 INSTRUCTION 15 AND PARAMETER DESCRIPTIONS PAR. NO. DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 02: 03: 2 2 4 04: 05: 06: 2 4 4 07: 4 08: 4 09: 4 10: 11: 12: 4 FP FP Repetitions Configuration code (xy) CTS / Delay before send 0 = Wait for Clear to Send >0 = delay (.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 Configuration Code is converted to The configuration code is a two digit parameter in the form of XY, which specifies the input and output format. For detailed information about the configurations, see Configuration Codes Description. -123.456, 1000.0, 0.0, 2333.0 and 0.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 PARAMETER 3 - CTS / DELAY BEFORE SEND (applies to control port configuration only) If Parameter 3 is zero (0), the CR23X waits for the Clear To Send to come high before sending output. If Clear To Send does not come high within the time specified in Parameter 9, output does not occur and -99999 is placed in the Input Memory Location specified in Parameter 10.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 Characters received following the termination character are discarded. PARAMETER 8 - MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TO RECEIVE Parameter 8 defines the total number of characters to expect per input, including numeric, non-numeric, polarity, decimal, space, and carriage return characters. For proper operation of the (ring) buffer pointer, you should specify the number of characters expected + 1.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 TABLE B-1.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 (A = 1 and 2 or 3 and 4). The starting control port used for the serial output and serial input pairs is specified as the second digit (B = 5 and 6 or 7 and 8). Control ports 2 and 3 (RTS/CTS) and 6 and 7 (TX/RX) pairs can also be used but this limits the repetitions to 1. RTS output in this example, when asserted (5V), tells the sensor that the CR23X is ready to receive characters.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 DTR DSR/DCD RTS CTS TXD RXD GND DSR/DCD DTR CTS RTS RXD TXD GND B.5.2 DATA BUFFERING Since P15 is executed in a program table at fixed intervals (i.e. 60 seconds), it is possible to miss data transmitted from a sensor if the sensor outputs data automatically at a different interval (i.e., 10 seconds). P15 will support buffering of this data up to the maximum number of characters specified in parameter 8 minus 1 data byte.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 VTG Direction and Speed - 37 characters including CRLF $GPVTG,010,T,356,M,5.39,N,10.0,K*4FCRLF Field 1. 2. Data $GPVTG 010 3. 4. T 356 5. 6. M 5.39 *Table 1 Program 01: 1 Description message identification Track made good in degrees True True Track made good in degrees Magnetic Magnetic Speed over ground in Knots 7. 8. N 10.0 9. 10. 11.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 B.7 PROGRAM EXAMPLES The following examples represent portions of a larger, more complete application program, and SHOULD NOT BE USED VERBATIM. B.7.1 EXAMPLE 1: ATMOSPHERIC INSTRUMENTS RESEARCH AIR-DB-1A BAROMETER Various barometer functions (mode, units of output, baud rate, etc.) are determined by jumpers internal to the barometer. A summary of the jumper configurations is found in Section B8.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 TABLE B-2. CR23X/Barometer Connection Details CONTROL PORT 5 CR23X CONTROL PORT 5 CR23X CAUTION: To avoid damage to the barometer CMOS chips, connect ground first and power last. All sensor leads not used in a particular hook-up configuration should be insulated to avoid possible shorting. B.7.1.3 INSTRUCTION 15 PARAMETER CONSIDERATIONS The AIR Barometer requires only the CR23X's RTS line connected to its shut down or DTR line to transfer data.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 08: 9 09: 100 10: ? 11: 1 12: 0.0000 Max characters to receive Delay for input is 1.0 second First input location, User's choice Multiplier Offset The following paragraphs contain more detailed information on some of the parameters. Parameter 2 - Set to 00 to select the TTL logic levels. Parameter 4 - The A control port is connected to the "shut down" line (green); the B to the TTL dataline (black).
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 Example: 100 samples are averaged by the barometer connected to the CR23X via hook-up #1. average of one measurement. The following considerations are accounted for in the program. ET = 0.1 * 100 + 0.9 • To preserve the barometer measurement resolution, barometer data must be output to the CR23X Final Storage in High Resolution (OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTION 78). • A communication failure shows up as a partial value or -99999.
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APPENDIX B.
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APPENDIX B.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 07: 08: 09: 10: 11: 12: 03: 13 75 200 11 1 0.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 12: 0.
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APPENDIX B.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 19: 20: Z=X+F (P34) 1: 1 2: 1 3: 1 X Loc [ HOUR_MIN ] F Z Loc [ HOUR_MIN ] End (P95) ; PARSE LONG NAVIGATION STRINGS.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 31: Z=X*F (P37) 1: 38 2: 0.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 ; PERFORM RANGE CHECKING TO ENSURE GPS TIME DATA FALLS WITHIN A REASONABLE RANGE.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 *Table 2 Program 02: 0.
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APPENDIX B. CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15 B.
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APPENDIX C. ADDITIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION C.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMAND WITH BINARY RESPONSES Command Description [nnnnn]F BINARY DUMP - CR23X sends, in Final Storage Format (binary), the number of Final Storage locations specified (nnnnn) from current MPTR locations, then Signature (no prompt). A 40 second time out timer is reset each F command. nnnnn must be ≤ 65535.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS another J command or telecommunications is terminated. The 4th MSB indicates if the input locations requested by the J command are 2 byte (B4 set) or 1 byte. In the case of 2 byte locations (most significant byte first), the terminating location is a 2 byte NULL. FF in the most significant byte will still abort the command. If “b” = FF or 11111111, then the J command aborts. The remaining bits are reserved.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS The Flags byte expresses datalogger user flag status. The most significant bit represents Flag 8, and so on to the least significant bit which represents Flag 1. If a bit is set, the user flag is set in the datalogger. The optional ports byte (currently on return if requested by a CR23X J command) expresses the datalogger port status. The most significant bit represents Port 8, and so on to the least significant bit which represents Port 1.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS function of the first time byte through the 7F 00 HEX bytes. Calculate the signature of the bytes received and compare with the signature received to determine the validity of the transmission. As an example of a positive value, the datalogger returns 44 D9 99 9A HEX. Data byte 1 = 44 HEX. C.2 FINAL STORAGE FORMAT Data byte 2 to 4 = D9 99 9A HEX (or 891290 decimal). CR23X data is formatted as either 2 byte LO Resolution or 4 byte HI Resolution values.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS A B C D E F G H DATA TYPE AND SECOND BYTE FORMAT 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X A,B,C, = 1 - Start of Output Array, G & H are the most significant bits of the Output Array ID. All 8 bits of the 2nd byte are also included in the ID. X X 0 1 1 1 X X C = 0 - First byte of a 4 byte value. 0 0 1 1 1 1 X X A,B = 0; C = 1 - Third byte of a 4 byte value. 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A = 0; remaining bits = 1 - First byte of a 2 byte "dummy" word.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS SIGNATURE ALGORITHM • S1,S0 - represent the high and low bytes of the signature, respectively • M - represents a transmitted data byte • n - represents the existing byte • n+1 - represents the new byte • T - represents a temporary location • C - represents the carry bit from a shift operation TABLE C.4-1. Command 1. The signature is initialized with both bytes set to hexadecimal AA. S1(n) = S0(n) = AA 2.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS TABLE C.4-2. Example Program Listing D Command 1 From MODE 1 SCAN RATE 5 1:P17 1:1 2:P86 1:10 3:P70 1:1 2:1 4:P0 MODE 2 SCAN RATE 0 MODE 3 1:P0 MODE 10 1:28 2:64 3:0 4:5332 5:1971 MODE 12 1:0 2:0 MODE 11 1:6597 2:30351 3:48 4:0 5:0 ^E ^E LOAD PROGRAM FROM ASCII FILE Command 2 sets up the CR23X to load a program which is input as serial ASCII data in the same form as sent in response to command 1. 2. "S" is necessary prior to the Scan Rate (execution interval). 3.
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APPENDIX E. ASCII TABLE American Standard Code for Information Interchange Decimal Values and Characters (X3.4-1968) Dec. Char.
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APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) F1. FUNCTION The Dynagage Processing Instruction, P67, is used in conjunction with a Dynamax, Inc. Dynagage stem flow gage. Instruction 67 calculates the sap flow rate within a plant stem by using an energy balance equation and inputs from a Dynagage sensor. Briefly, the energy input into the stem is a known quantity (Qh), conductive radial and vertical energy losses are calculated (Qr and Qv, respectively).
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APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) -1 and 8 are 0.5 °C and 0.042 cm s , respectively. These values should be used unless conditions determined by the user indicate otherwise. PARAMETER 7 Low-flow filter (0.5°C). This filter sets the reported flow rate (F) to zero if Qf is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 20% of Qh, and if dT is less than 0.5°C. When there is a zero flow rate in a very small stem, dT approaches zero.
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APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67) Appendix A If Par 7 µ 0.0 then go to XXXXXX Instruction P67 Processing If Qf < (0.2*Pin) and If dT < Par 7, then Sapflow = 0.0 Loc = input location assuming input locations 1, 2, 3, and 4 are used. If Qf < (0.2*Pin) and If Qf < 0.0, then Sapflow = - 0.00001 Par = Instruction P67 parameter. XXXXXX Pin = (Loc 4)*(Loc 4)/(Par 3) If Par 8 µ 0.0 then go to YYYYYY Qv = (((Loc 3)-(Loc 2))/(4.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) Callback is a joint feature of the CR23X and PC208W Datalogger Support Software. In common datalogging applications, the PC calls the CR23X; with Callback, the CR23X is enabled to call the PC. Callback is usually used to immediately notify operators via PC that an alarm condition exists. This appendix also covers using the CR23Xs portion of Callback (Instruction P97) to initiate calls using a voice synthesizer modem or calls to a pager service. G.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) b) As shown in Figure G.2-2 go to PC208W | Setup | (StationName) | Hardware and enter a 3 digit identification code. The number you choose should be unique to the station. Make a note of the baud rate and 3 digit code since these values will be used in programming the CR23X. FIGURE G.2-2.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) FIGURE G.2-3. Configuring a Task c) As shown in Figure G.2-3, go to PC208W | Setup and add Task1 to the device map. Also go to PC208W | Setup | Task1 | Hardware and enter the name of the executable file that will indicate an alarm. 3) Program the CR23X to make the call. Section G.3 addresses CR23X programming. G.3 CR23X PROGRAMMING The CR23X is programmed for Callback by the use of Instruction P97 Initiate Telecommunications.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) *Table 1 Program 01: 10 Execution Interval (seconds) 1: Panel Temperature (P17) 1: 1 Loc [ RefTemp ] 2: Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) (P14) 1: 1 Reps 2: 11 10 mV, Fast Range 3: 5 DIFF Channel 4: 1 Type T (Copper-Constantan) 5: 1 Ref Temp (Deg. C) Loc [ RefTemp ] 6: 2 Loc [ TempDegC ] 7: 1.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) G.3.2 TELEPHONE / CELLULAR TELEPHONE APPLICATION Following is an example program for use with a CR23X connected to a computer via a COM200 Datalogger Telephone Modem, a COM300 *Table 1 Program 01: 10 Datalogger Telephone Modem in data mode, or COM100 Cellular Transceiver. A modification may be needed to the modem string in the PC208W Setup screen. If the string contains an &Q setting, it must be set to &Q0 for 1200 baud (&Q5 for 9600 baud).
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APPENDIX G.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) G.3.4 PAGER APPLICATION Following is an example program that causes a CR23X to call a pager in response to an alarm condition. No data are transferred. The first program segment (instructions 1 through 5) presets the P97 interrupt disable flag on the first program execution only. Input location [3] is used as a master control register. If Flag 4 is low, then input location [3] increments by 1.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) 9: Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) (P14) 1: 1 Reps 2: 11 10 mV, Fast Range 3: 5 DIFF Channel 4: 1 Type T (Copper-Constantan) 5: 1 Ref Temp (Deg. C) Loc [ RefTemp ] 6: 2 Loc [ TempDegC ] 7: 1.0 Mult 8: 0 Offset ;************************************************* ;If the error location has been incremented to 1 (CR23X ;has called pager twice), set Flag 4 high to disable page.
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APPENDIX G.
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APPENDIX G.
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APPENDIX G. CALLBACK (CR23X INITIATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS) 40: Extended Parameters (P63) 1: 7 Option 2: 3 Option 3: 4 Option 4: 13 Option 5: 00 Option 6: 00 Option 7: 00 Option 8: 00 Option 41: Z=X (P31) 1: 5 2: 6 ; Termination Character X Loc [ new_flag ] Z Loc [ old_flag ] G.3.5 GENERIC MODEM (CR23X OS 1.9 OR HIGHER) Following is an example program for use with a CR23X connected to a computer via a nonstandard modem link.
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APPENDIX G.
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APPENDIX H CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF H.1 INTRODUCTION Instructions 97, Initiate Telecommunications, and 63, Extended Parameters can be used to call another datalogger and collect data in input locations. This function can only be accomplished via phone or radio modems. H.2 PROGRAMMING Instruction 97 initiates the call and Instruction 63 specifies the dialing path and special options. More than one Instruction 63 may be required.
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APPENDIX H. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF interval of the remote datalogger), make the appropriate measurements, lower the flag, and allow for the input location to be transferred. Parameters 4, 5, and 8 These parameters don’t apply when calling a datalogger. Leave these options as 0. Parameter 6 Normally this option is not used and should be left as 0.
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APPENDIX H. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF 3: Extended Parameters (P63) 1: 5 Phone # = 539 2: 3 3: 9 4: 68 “D” to call datalogger 5: 3 # of Locs to collect st 6: 1 1 Loc to collect 7: 1 Flag to toggle in Remote Datalogger 8: 0 Delay 4: Extended Parameters (P63) 1: 13 Terminate character 2: 00 3: 00 4: 00 5: 00 6: 00 7: 00 8: 00 Programming Example 2.
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APPENDIX H. CALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF * 1 Table 1 Programs 01: 1 Sec.
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APPENDIX I.
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TD OPERATING SYSTEM ADDENDUM FOR CR510, CR10X, AND CR23X MANUALS REVISION: 1/03 COPYRIGHT  2002-2003 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDUM TD and PakBus Operating System Addendum for CR510, CR10X, and CR23X Manuals AD1 Major Differences Table Data (TD) operating systems have two major differences from the standard operating systems: First - the namesake - in the way data are stored internally and second, in the options available for transferring that data to external devices. The standard operating systems support both on site external storage (i.e., storage modules) that may be manually retrieved and telecommunications.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDUM AD2 Overview of Data Storage Tables Within a data table, data is organized in records and fields. Each row in a table represents a record and each column represents a field. To understand the concept of tables it may be helpful to consider an example. A CR10-TD is to be used to monitor 3 thermocouples (TC). Each hour a temperature for each of the three TC is to be stored. The table has 4 fields : "DATE_TIME TEMP1 TEMP2 TEMP3". Each hour a new "record" would be added.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDDUM • Check the Maximum and Minimum Instructions (Instructions 73 and 74) as there is only one option to store time with the value. • Edit Input Location labels removing all spaces and special characters. Only letters, numbers, and the “_” characters are allowed. Labels should start with a letter. • Add labels for the Final Storage values. Use the same character as are allowed for Input Location labels. See Section 2.1 AD3.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDUM AD4 Summary of Differences from the Datalogger Manual: Section Overview Differences Section 1 Section 1.5 A Mode is replaced by addendum – the TD loggers allocate memory differently. Section 1.8 - *D Mode is replaced by TD Addendum – TD loggers do not support storeing multiple programs or Storage Modules. PakBus Settings are added to the *D Mode. Replaced entirely by TD Addendum. Section 3.7.1 does not apply to the TD operating system which does not use Output Flag 0. Table 3.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDDUM Section 12 The TD operating system does not use the output Flag 0. Commands dealing with it are not valid. Instruction 92 – There is no option for minutes, time is in seconds only.
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TABLE DATA ADDENDUM This is a blank page.
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MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OVERVIEW While this section of the addendum references the CR10X, everything but the measurement instructions in the example programs applies to the other dataloggers as well. Table OV3.2-1 in the CR10X Manual is incorrect for the TD operating system. See Table OV4.1-1 below. The following sections OV4, OV5, and OV6 replace those in the CR10X Manual. OV4.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW TABLE OV4.2-2. Additional Keys Allowed in Telecommunications Key Action - Change Sign, Index (same as C) CR Enter/advance (same as A) OV4.3 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE In routine applications, the CR10X measures sensor output signals, processes the measurements over some time interval and stores the processed results. A generalized programming sequence is: 1. Enter the execution interval. In most cases, the execution interval is determined by the desired sensor scan rate. 2.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW location 5, the temperature from channel 2 in input location 6, etc. Detailed descriptions of the instructions are given in Sections 9-12. Entering an instruction into a program table is described in OV5. OV4.5 ENTERING A PROGRAM Programs are entered into the CR10X in one of two ways: 1. Keyed in using the CR10X keyboard 2. Stored on disk/seat from computer A program is created by keying it directly into the datalogger as described in Section OV5, or on a PC using EDLOG.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW Key (ID:Data) Explanation *0 LOG 1 *6 A 06:0000 01:21.234 Exit Table 1, enter *0 Mode, compile table and begin logging. Enter *6 Mode (to view Input Storage). Advance to first storage location. Panel temperature is 21.234°C (the display will show the actual temperature). Wait a few seconds: 01:21.423 *1 2A 01:00 02:P00 84 A 02:P84 01:0.0000 0 01:0 A 0 02:0.000 02:0 A 1000 03:0.0000 03:1000.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW OV5.2 SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 This second example is more representative of a real-life data collection situation. Once again the internal temperature is measured, but it is used as a reference temperature for the differential voltage measurement of a type T (copperconstantan) thermocouple; the CR10X should have arrived with a short type T thermocouple connected to differential channel 5.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 Instruction # (Loc:Entry) Parameter (Par#:Entry) Description *1 Enter Program Table 1 01:60 60 second (1 minute) execution interval Key "#D" repeatedly until is displayed 01:P00 Erase previous Program before continuing. 01:1 Measure internal temperature Store temp in Location 1 01:1 02:1 03:5 04:1 05:1 06:2 07:1 08:0 Measure thermocouple temperature (differential) 1 repetition Range code (2.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW The program to make the measurements and send the desired data to Final Storage has been entered. The program is complete. The clock must now be set so that the date and time tags are correct. (Here the example reverts back to the key by key format.) Key Display Explanation *5 A 00:21:32 05:01.01 Enter *5 Mode. Clock running but not set correctly. Advance to month-day (MMDD). 1004 05:1004 Key in MMDD (Oct 4 in this example). A 05:1990 Enter and advance to location for year.
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TD ADDENDUM—OVERVIEW DATALOGGER MD9 MULTIDROP INTERFACE COAXIAL CABLE MD9 MULTIDROP INTERFACE SC12 CABLE RF95 RF MODEM COM210 PHONE MODEM SC932 INTERFACE RF100/RF200 TRANSCIEVER W/ ANTENNA & CABLE SRM-6A RAD SHORTHAUL MODEM SC32A RS-232 INTERFACE 2 TWISTED PAIR WIRES UP TO 5 MI.
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SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Sections 1.5 and 1.8 are replaced by the following sections. 1.5 MEMORY ALLOCATION - ∗A 1.5.1 INTERNAL MEMORY When powered up with the keyboard display attached, the CR10KD displays HELLO while performing a self check. The total system memory is then displayed in K bytes. The size of memory can be displayed in the ∗B mode. Input Storage is used to store the results of Input/Output and Processing Instructions.
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TD ADDENDUM  SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Flash Memory (EEPROM) Operating System (96 Kbytes-CR10X) (128 Kbytes-CR23X) How it works: The Operating System is loaded into Flash Memory at the factory. System Memory is used while the CR10X is running for calculations, buffering data and general operating tasks. Any time a user loads a program into the datalogger, the program is compiled in SRAM and stored in the Active Program areas.
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TD ADDENDUM  SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.5-2. Description of ∗A Mode Data Keyboard Entry ∗ A Display ID: Data 01: XXXX A 02: XXXX A 03: XXXXX A 04: XXXXX A 05: A A A 06: 07: 06: Description of Data Input Storage Locations (minimum of 28, maximum of 6655, but the usable maximum is less than this because intermediate and program storage require some of this memory). This value can be changed by keying in the desired number.
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TD ADDENDUM  SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES to which memory is cleared on powerup, to set the PakBus ID, and to set communication to full or half duplex. CSI datalogger support software makes use of the ∗D Mode to upload and download programs from a computer. Appendix C gives some additional information on Commands 1 and 2 that are used for these operations. When "∗D" is keyed in, the CR10X will display "13:00". A command (Table 1.8-1) is entered by keying the command number and "A". TABLE 1.8-1.
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TD ADDENDUM  SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.8.6 SET INITIAL BAUD Table 1.8-10 shows the option codes available for setting the initial baud rate. Setting the initial baud rate forces the CR10X to try the selected baud rate first when connecting with a device. TABLE 1.8-9. Set Initial Baud Rate / Set RS232 Power Key Entry Display Comments *D 13:00 Enter Command 12A 12:00 Connect Baud Rate Enter Baud Rate Code X (Table 1.8-11). TABLE 1.8-10. Baud Rate Codes X=0 X=1 X=2 X=3 TABLE 1.8-11.
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TD ADDENDUM  SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES The *D15 entries are sent when the program is retrieved. They can also be set like other *D settings via the DLD file. 1.8.11 SET PAKBUS ROUTER BEACON INTERVAL TABLE 1.8-13. Set Beacon interval 1.8.9 ALLOCATE MEMORY FOR GENERAL PURPOSE FILES *D16:xx ;allocate xx 64K byte chunks of memory for general purpose files. The area comes out of final storage space. Files are stored in a circular buffer (ring memory) in this space. 1.8.
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TD ADDENDUM  SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.8-14. Set PakBus Neighbors Key Entry Display Comments *D 13:00 Enter Command 19A 19:00 Port (17- SDC7, 18 – SDC8, 02 – CSI/O, 02—CR23X RS232 port, 9600 baud A 19:0000 Interval in seconds of the expected rate of communication. A neighbor is aged after 2.5 times this interval and the Hello attempt will be reinitiated. A A 01:xxxx 01:xx PakBus Address of neighbor Swath of neighbors with sequential addresses starting with above address.
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THIS SECTION ENTIRELY REPLACES THE DATALOGGER MANUAL SECTION 2. SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1 FINAL STORAGE AND DATA TABLES Final Storage is that portion of memory where final processed data are stored. It is from Final Storage that data is transferred to your computer. With the TD datalogger, Final Storage is organized into Data Storage Tables. These data tables should not be confused with the program tables *1, *2, and *3 that contain the datalogger program.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE • The output interval is not an even multiple of the scan rate (table execution interval). • Table execution is such that Instruction 84 is not executed each scan. • Table overruns occur. • Watchdog errors (E08) occur. 2.1.2 RECORD NUMBERS In addition to a timestamp, each record has record number. The record numbers are unique within a data table. Record numbers are 4 byte unsigned numbers ranging from 0 to 4,294,967,296.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE The Timestamp and record number labels are added automatically. 2.2 DATA OUTPUT FORMAT AND RANGE LIMITS Data is stored internally in Campbell Scientific's Binary Final Storage Format (Appendix C.2). Data may be sent to Final Storage in either LOW RESOLUTION or HIGH RESOLUTION format. 2.2.1 RESOLUTION AND RANGE LIMITS Low resolution data is a 2 byte format with 4 significant digits and a maximum magnitude of +7999.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE TABLE 2.3-1. *7 Mode Command Summary KEY A ACTION "Advances" along a record, when the end of the record is reached the 'cursor' advances to the first field in the next record. B "Backs" up along a record, wraps to the last element in the previous record C "Climbs" up the table, toward the oldest data, stops on oldest record. D "Drops" down the table, toward the newest data, stops on newest record. # Enter Time Mode to display timestamp.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS Section 3.7.1 does not apply to the TD operating system which does not use Output Flag 0. Table 3.8-1 Valid Flag Commands are 11 – 19 to set high and 21- 29 to set low. Because the TD operating system does not use Flag 0, Commands 10 and 20 are not valid with the TD operating system. The following table replaces Table 3.10-1 for the TD operating system. TABLE 3.10-1.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 3.
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THIS SECTION ENTIRELY REPLACES THE CR10X MANUAL SECTION 8. SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES This section contains examples for the CR10X. The appropriate voltage range codes would have to be selected for the CR23X (see CR23X Manual Section 8 for the measurement instructions). The CR510TD may not support all the examples.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 05: 01: 02: 03: P84 0 0 0 Data Table Seconds into interval Every time Records (0=auto; -=redirect) 06: 01: 02: P70 1 2 Sample Reps Loc smpl10avg 07: P 02: 03: End Table 1 In the above example, all samples for the average are stored in input locations. This is necessary when an average must be output with each new sample. In most cases, averages are desired less frequently than sampling.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.3-1. AM416 Wiring Diagram For Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements EXAMPLE PROGRAM MULTIPLEXING THERMOCOUPLES AND SOIL MOISTURE BLOCK * 01: 1 600 01: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: P11 1 4 1 1 1 0 02: 01: P86 41 Do Set high Port 1 03: 01: 02: P87 0 16 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count 04: 01: P86 72 Do Pulse Port 2 05: 01: 02: P14 1 21 Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) Rep 2.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.4 INTERRUPT SUBROUTINE USED TO COUNT SWITCH CLOSURES (RAIN GAGE) Subroutines given the label of 97 or 98 will be executed when control ports 7 or 8, respectively, go high (5 V, see Instruction 85, Section 12). In this example, Subroutine 98 and control port 8 are substituted for a pulse counting channel to count switch closures on a tipping bucket rain gage. The subroutine adds 0.254 (mm, bucket calibrated for 0.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.5 SDM-A04 ANALOG OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER TO STRIP CHART This example illustrates the use of the SDMA04 4 Channel Analog Output Multiplexer to output 4 analog voltages to strip chart. While of questionable value because of current requirements and strip chart reliability, some archaic regulations require strip chart backup on weather data. The SDM-A04 may be used with the CR10 to provide analog outputs to strip charts.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Time into Test, min 00 10 30 100 300 1000 to 10 to 30 to 100 to 300 to 1000 and greater Output Interval Loop # 10 sec. 30 sec. 1 min. 2 min. 5 min. 10 min. 1 2 3 4 5 6 This is accomplished with a series of loops (Instruction 87), where the delay and count parameters are used to implement the frequency of measurement (and output) and the duration of the that frequency. The unit of delay is the execution interval.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Loop 6, Output every 10 minutes until stopped by user 17: 01: 02: P87 60 0 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count 18: 01: P86 1 Do Call Subroutine 1 19: 01: 02: P91 21 31 If Flag/Port Do if flag 1 is low Exit Loop if true 20: P95 End 21: P End Table 1 * 3 Table 3 Subroutines 01: 01: P85 1 02: 01: 02: P6 1 22 03: 1 04: 1 05: 1500 06: 1 07: .46199 08: 102 Beginning of Subroutine Subroutine Number Full Bridge Rep 7.
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SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 18 MOVE TIME TO INPUT LOCATION **** FUNCTION This instruction takes current time or date information and does a modulo divide (see Instruction 46) on the time/date value with the number specified in the second parameter. The result is stored in the specified Input Location. Entering 0 or a number greater than the maximum value of the time/date for the modulo divide will result in the actual time/date value being stored.
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SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Instructions 73 – Maximum and 74 – Minimum have only one time option. (Time is output as a quoted string.) Instruction 80 – Set Active Storage Area, is not in the TD operating system. Its functions are included in Instruction 84 – Data Table. Instruction 84 is only in the TD operating system. *** 73 MAXIMUM *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the MAXIMUM value taken (for each input location specified) over a given output interval.
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TD ADDENDUM—SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS records. If 0 is entered, records will be automatically allocated such that all automatic tables will be filled at the same time. If some tables specify the number of records and some tables are automatically allocated, the specified records will be allocated first, and then the remaining memory will be divided among the automatically allocated tables such that they will be filled at the same time.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions The TD operating system does not use the output Flag 0. Commands dealing with it are not valid. Instructions 96 – Serial Output, 98 – Send Character, and 111 – Load Program from Flash, are NOT in the TD operating system. The instructions described in this section are only in the PakBus operating system. Wireless Networks More recent CR10X, CR510, and CR23X dataloggers with the PakBus operating system use the PakBus communications protocol.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions TABLE 12-1. CR205/CR210/CR215 in PakBus Network General Description PRO CON/limitations PakBus Instructions used in Datalogger Programming 12-2 Stand Alone Datalogger CR205 is programmed as a stand alone datalogger. Data are stored in datalogger and retrieved by computer running Loggernet • Data are stored in Datalogger, loggernet will automatically retry if communication fails.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Radio Settings CR205 Power Mode and Header RF400 on CR10X or CR23X Beacon Interval RF400 on computer LoggerNet Settings When RF400 with direct access to network is connected to computer. Stand Alone SendGetData P190 Wireless Sensor P193 Datalogger Radio address, net address, and hop sequence must be the same in all CR2xxs and RF400s in the network. Because only one header length can be set for a radio, only one power cycling interval should be used in network; i.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Notes: Edlog allocates only one of the input locations used in parameters 5 and 7 of this instruction. The additional input locations must be inserted manually using the Input Location Editor. If this instruction is used to retrieve a value or set a value in the remote datalogger's public (or input location) table (i.e., code 26 or 27 is used in parameter 3), Instruction 63 or 68 must follow this instruction to enter the variable name that will be accessed.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions PakBus Communication The unique address for the datalogger in the PakBus network that will be communicated with using this instruction. The Pakbus address is set in the datalogger's *D15 mode. Modbus Communication The unique address for the datalogger in a Modbus network that will be communicated with using this instruction (the slave device). The Modbus address is set in the datalogger's *D8 mode. The valid range of IDs for a Modbus slave device are 1 - 99.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions desirable to delay execution of subsequent instructions if those instructions perform further processing on the response from the remote. Security Enter the level 2 security code for the remote datalogger in the PakBus network that will be communicated with using this instruction when Command 22 is used for parameter 3 (send input location data to another datalogger).
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Remote Location PakBus Communication If data is being received from another datalogger in the PakBus network (Parameter 3 set to 21), this is the first input location in the remote datalogger from which to retrieve the data. If data is being sent to another datalogger in the PakBus network (Parameter 3 set to 22), this is the first input location in the remote datalogger in which to store the first data value.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions or unpacked with the least significant bit of the first byte, starting at this location. Incoming discrete values are set to -1.0 for ON and 0 for OFF. Outgoing discrete values are translated as 0.0 to OFF and non-zero to ON. For general information on input locations, see Input Locations. Result Code Location The input location in which to store the results of the data transfer.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions This instruction is not necessary in networks with wireless sensors and only one Master datalogger, because the Wireless Network Master (P193) and Wireless Network Remote (P196) instructions perform these functions automatically. This instruction can also be used to remove a datalogger from the PakBus network. 3: 1: 2: 3: PakBus - Send Message (P192) 00 Port 0000 Address 2 Clock Report Message Type Entry 2 13 Description Clock report; sends the current time.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Edlog allocates only one of the input locations used in parameters 7, 9, and 10 of this instruction. The additional input locations must be inserted manually using the Input Location Editor. For information on manually inserting input locations, refer to Manually Inserting Input Locations Into Edlog. Number of Remotes The number of remote dataloggers/wireless sensors in the PakBus network that will be communicated with using this instruction.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Example To set up the remotes for an hourly transmission at 15 minutes past the hour, the Time into Transmit Interval would be set at 900 and the Transmit Interval would be set at 3600. Transmit Delay Between Remotes The amount of delay, in seconds, between transmission from each remote. If this parameter is left at 0, the master datalogger will automatically assign the delay based on the routing table (usually about 3 seconds between remotes).
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions For general information on input locations, see Input Locations. Swath to Send The number of data values that will be sent to each remote when data is transferred. First Location to Send The input location which holds the first value that should be sent to the dataloggers/wireless sensors in the group. The range of values sent to the remote(s) is determined by the Swath to Send parameter (parameter 8).
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Location with Seconds Until Transmit The input location in which to store the number of seconds until it is time to transmit to the host datalogger. Use Remote Clock Report (P195) A program control instruction that sets a remote datalogger's clock based on the clock value transmitted from the host (or master) datalogger specified by the address provided in parameter 1.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Swath to Receive From Master The number of data values that will be received from the host (master) datalogger when data is transferred. If the host sends less than the number of values indicated by the swath, the remaining locations will be filled with an overrange value (-99999). If the host sends more than the number of data values indicated by the swath, the extra values will be discarded by the local datalogger.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions For general information on input locations, see Input Locations. Result Code Location The input location in which a code is stored to indicate the result of the data transfer. A 0 indicates the data transfer was successful; any number greater than 0 indicates a failure. A -2 indicates that communication was established with the datalogger at the specified address, but the datalogger was not programmed as a host (master) datalogger using Instruction 193.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions Result Location Result Code -1001 -1002 -1003 0 >1 Description The attempted setting is a read-only setting Out of space in the remote Syntax error Success Number of communication failures Routing Table Information (P199) A program control instruction that is used to store the datalogger's routing table information in a series of input locations. This instruction is used most often as a trouble-shooting tool.
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Section 12.
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Section 12. Program Control Instructions desired interval in the Communications Interval field. This option is the same as the datalogger's *D18 mode. In some networks, a beacon interval might interfere with regular communication in the PakBus network (such as in an RF network), since the beacon is broadcast to all devices within range.
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CR23X INDEX NOTE: The pages listed in this index will get you in the right section; however, the exact page number may be off. ∗ Modes, see Modes 1/X - [Instruction 42] 10-2 3 Wire Half Bridge - [Instruction 7] 9-4, 13-18, 13-19, 13-20 Programming Example 7-5 3WHB10K - 10 K ohm 3-Wire Half Bridge Module 7-6 4 Wire Full Bridge, see Full Bridge with Single Diff.
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CR23X INDEX BPALK Alkaline Power Supply 14-3 Bridge measurements 13-16 3 Wire Half Bridge 100 ohm PRT 7-5 4 Wire Full Bridge (Pressure Transducer) 7-7 4 Wire Full Bridge 100 ohm PRT 7-6 4 Wire Half Bridge 100 ohm PRT 7-4 6 Wire Full Bridge (Lysimeter) 7-8 Comparison of bridge measurement instructions 13-18 Diagram of bridge measuring circuits with AC excitation 13-17 Bridge Transform - [Instruction 59] 10-6 Programming examples 7-7, 7-10, 8-4 Bulk Load - [Instruction 65] 10-15 Programming example 7-21 Burs
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CR23X INDEX Data retrieval, External storage peripherals General 4-1 Hardware options OV-20 8 Mode) 4-3 Manually initiated ( Methods and related instructions OV-20 On-line - [Instruction 96] 4-1, 12-6 Print device 4-2 Print formats 4-3 Site Visitations, Estimating time between 4-3 Storage Module, see Storage Modules Data Set Ready (DSR) 6-6 Data Storage Pointer (DSP) 2-1, 4-3 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) pin configuration 6-6 Data Terminal Ready (DTR) 6-6, B-1 Data transfer ASCII vs.
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CR23X INDEX File Mark in Storage Module 4-4, 4-5, 12-7 Fill and stop memory 4-4 Final Storage and High/low resolution formats 2-3 Changing size of 1-8 Definition OV-6, 1-6, 2-1, A-1 Erasing 1-9 Example using two Final Storage areas 8-8 Format 2-3, C-4 Output data resolution & range limits 2-3 Ring memory 2-1 Flags 3-3 Displaying and toggling flags 1-5 Output and Program Control 3-3 Setting Powerup Options 1-13 With J, K commands C-1 Floating point 2-3, 3-1 FRAC(X) - [Instruction 44] 10-3 Fractional Value -
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CR23X INDEX Instrumentation Northwest PS9105, see INW PS9105 - [Instruction 29] INT(X) - [Instruction 45] 10-3 INT8 Interval Timer, see SDM-INT8 Integer data type parameter 3-1 Integer portion, Extracting [Instruction 45] 10-3 Integer Value of X- [Instruction 45] 10-3 Integration time 13-1 Intermediate Processing Disable Flag 3-3 Intermediate Storage Changing size of 1-8 Data format 2-3 Definition OV-5, A-2 Setting Powerup Options 1-13 Internal Data Storage 2-1 Internal FLASH Program Storage 1-12 Internal
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CR23X INDEX 8 Manually initiated Data Output 4-3 Interrupts during 6-3 Output device codes for 4-2 9 Commands to Storage Module 4-6 A Internal Memory Allocation 1-6 B Memory Test and System Status 1-9 C Security 1-11 D , Save/Load Program 1-11, C-6 Modem/terminal Computer requirements 6-6 Definition A-2 Peripherals 6-2 Modem Enable line on CR23X 6-1 Peripheral requirements 6-3 Troubleshooting, Connecting to CR23X 6-7 Modem Pointer (MPTR) 2-2, 5-3 Modulo divide - [Instruction 46] 10-3 Move Signature into I
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CR23X INDEX Pressure transducer Programming examples 7-7, 7-19 Print device, Definition A-2 PRINT option on-line data transfer 4-1 Print peripherals 4-2, 6-2, A-3 Printer Controlling data transmission to 2-2, 4-1 Output formats 4-3 D Mode) 1-11 Save/Load programs ( Printer Pointer (PPTR) 2-2 Processing Instructions 10-1 Definition OV-8, A-3 Memory and execution times 3-7 Programming examples 8-1 Program Control Flags 3-3 Program Control Instructions 12-1 Command code parameter 3-4, 12-1 Definition OV-9, A-
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CR23X INDEX RTS (Request To Send) 6-6, B-1 Run program from flash - [Instruction 111] 12-10 Run Time errors 3-9 Running average - [Instruction 52] 10-4 Running Maximum/Minimum 1-8 S Sample - [Instruction 70] 11-2 Programming examples OV-14, 8-3 Sample on Maximum or Minimum [Instruction 79] 11-5 Sample rate 1-1, A-3 Saturation Vapor Pressure (VP) - [Instruction 56] 10-5 Save program in flash memory 1-12 SC32A RS-232 Interface OV-12, 5-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-5 SC90 Serial Line Monitor 4-5 SC932 RS-232 DCE Interface
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CR23X INDEX Step Loop Index - [Instruction 90] 12-4 Stop Bit 6-7 Storage see Final Storage, Input Storage, and Intermediate Storage Storage and retrieval options, Data OV-20, 4-1, 6-1 Storage Module Pointer (SPTR) 2-2 Storage Modules 4-4 Addressing with CR23X 4-2, 4-5 9 Mode) 4-6 Commands to ( Current drain, Typical 14-1 File Mark 4-4 8 Mode) Manually initiated data output ( 4-5 D Mode) 1-11 Save/load program ( Use with Instruction 96 4-1, 4-5 Storage peripherals, External 4-1 Store Area, see Set Active St
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CR23X INDEX Record in Final Storage 11-4 Timer - [Instruction 26] 9-14 Timer, see SDM-INT8 8 Channel Interval Tipping Bucket Rain Gage 7-4, 8-5 Totalize - [Instruction 72] 11-3 Programming example 8-3 Transmitted Data (TD) 6-6 Trigger, SDM Group - [Instruction 110] 9-22 Tutorial OV-1 X UDG01, see SDM-UDG01 User flags 3-4 Using the PC208W Terminal Emulator OV-11 X * F - [Instruction 37] 10-2 Programming examples 7-19, 8-13 X * Y - [Instruction 36] 10-2 X + F - [Instruction 34] 10-1 Programming examples 7
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