INSTRUCTION MANUAL UT10 Weather Station Revision: 4/14 C o p y r i g h t © 1 9 9 3 - 2 0 1 4 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
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Precautions DANGER — MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING, USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE, USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH, ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT FAILURE.
Table of Contents PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. Introduction ................................................................. 1 2. Cautionary Statements ............................................... 1 3. Initial Inspection ......................................................... 1 3.1 3.2 3.3 Indoors .......................................................................................
Table of Contents 8.3 Communication and Data Storage Peripherals .................................. 22 8.3.1 CFM100, NL115, or NL120....................................................... 22 8.3.2 COM220 Phone Modems ........................................................... 22 8.3.3 Cellular Transceivers.................................................................. 23 8.3.4 SRM-5A Rad Modem and SC932A Interface ............................ 24 8.3.4.1 SRM-5A at the Datalogger .........................
Table of Contents 9.2.3 9.2.4 NaN Displayed in a Variable ...................................................... 53 Unreasonable Results Displayed in a Variable ........................... 53 10. Standard Software Installation ................................ 53 10.1 10.2 10.3 Datalogger Program ........................................................................... 53 Weather Station or Datalogger Support Suite .................................... 53 Quick Start Review ..............................
Table of Contents 8-26. 8-27. 8-28. 8-29. 8-30. 8-31. 8-32. SR50A - Mounted using NU-RAIL and C2151 Mounting Stem ...... 43 CS650G Rod Insertion Guide Tool ................................................... 44 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor .................................................................. 45 257 Soil Moisture Sensor .................................................................. 46 CS210 Installed on a CR1000 ...........................................................
UT10 Weather Station 1. Introduction The UT10 is a durable, lightweight instrument tower that can be used for a variety of applications. It supports a 3 m (10 ft) measurement height for wind sensors as well as sturdy attachment points for antennas, solar panels, environmental enclosures, radiation shields, and crossarms. 2. 3. Cautionary Statements • READ AND UNDERSTAND the Precautions section at the front of this manual.
UT10 Weather Station 3.2 3.3 Outdoors • Locate suitable site (Section 4, Siting and Exposure) • Prepare tower base (Section 7, UT10 Tower Installation) o Raise tower (Section 7, UT10 Tower Installation) o Install instrumentation enclosure (Section 8, Preparing the Tower for Use) o Install sensors (Section 8.5, Sensor Installation) Tools Required Tools required to install and maintain a weather station are listed below. 3.3.
UT10 Weather Station Step ladder (6 ft) Station manuals Station log and pen Open end wrenches: 3/8 in, 7/16 in, 1/2 in, (2) 9/16 in Socket wrench and 7/16 in deep well socket Adjustable wrench Pliers Conduit and associated tools (as required) Felt-tipped marking pen Claw hammer Pipe wrench (12 in) Tape measure (12 ft to 20 ft) 3/8 in nut driver Level (24 in to 36 in) Teflon tape or pipe dope 5/64 in Allen hex wrench 3.3.
UT10 Weather Station Standard measurement heights: 3.0 m ± 0.1 m recommended (AASC) 2.0 m ± 0.1 m, 10.0 m ± 0.5 m optional (AASC) 10.0 m (WMO and EPA) 4.2 Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensors should be located over an open level area at least 9 m (EPA) in diameter. The surface should be covered by short grass, or where grass does not grow, the natural earth surface.
UT10 Weather Station 4.4 Solar Radiation Pyranometers should be located to avoid shadows on the sensor at any time. Mounting it on the southern most (northern hemisphere) portion of the weather station will minimize the chance of shading from other weather station structures. Reflective surfaces and sources of artificial radiation should be avoided. The height at which the sensor is mounted is not critical. 4.
UT10 Weather Station 3 The State Climatologist, (1985) Publication of the American Association of State Climatologists: Height and Exposure Standards for Sensors on Automated Weather Stations, v. 9, No. 4 October, 1985. 4 EPA, (1989). Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, EPA Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. 5.
UT10 Weather Station 6. Specifications Required Concrete Pad Dimensions (see note 1): 61 x 61 x 61 cm (24 x 24 x 24 in) Crossarm Height (attached to mast) Standard: 3 m (10 ft) Maximum (mast fully extended): 3.7 m (~12 ft) Minimum: 2.7 m (~9 ft) Pipes Outer Diameter (OD) Vertical: Cross Support: 2.5 cm (1 in) 0.953 cm (0.375 in) Leg Spacing: 26 cm (10.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 7-1. UT10 Weather Tower 7.1.1 Base Installation The UT10 tower attaches to a user-supplied concrete foundation as shown in FIGURE 7-1. The base brackets, anchor bolts, and nuts are included with the tower. 8 1. Dig a hole 24 inches square and 24 inches deep. Lighter soils will require a deeper hole. 2. Assemble the J-bolt template as shown in FIGURE 7-2. Begin by threading two 5/8 inch nuts onto each J-bolt, followed by a 5/8 inch washer.
UT10 Weather Station 3. Construct a concrete form shown in FIGURE 7-3 out of 2 inch x 4 inch lumber 24 inch square (inside dimensions). Construct the 1 inch x 2 inch template frame and set it aside. Center the form over the hole and drive a stake centered along the outside edge of each side. Level the form by driving nails through the stakes and into the form while holding the form level. 4. Position the J-bolt template as shown in FIGURE 7-3. The top of each bolt will be 3.00 inch ±0.
UT10 Weather Station 6. Remove the top nuts, washers, and J-bolt template pieces. Leave the two bottom nuts and one flat washer on each J-bolt. Remove the template frame and the concrete form. 7.1.2 Tower Installation 1. Install the mast as shown in FIGURE 7-4. Attach the 3/4 inch x 10 inch nipple to the mast using the bell reducer. Loosen the two bolts at the top of the tower and insert the mast. For a 3 m mounting height, rest the bell reducer against the top of the tower.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 7-5. UT10 Mounting Brace Removal 4. Align the UT10 so the openings in the mounting feet are running EastWest. Align the hole in the bottom of each mounting foot with one of the J-bolts in the concrete base. Slide the UT10 onto the J-bolts. 5. Place a 5/8 inch flat washer, a 5/8 inch split washer, and a 5/8 inch nut on each J-bolt. Do not tighten the nut (FIGURE 7-6).
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 7-6. UT10 Mounting Foot Detail View 7.2 6. Check the UT10 for plumb using a level and adjust the leveling nuts below the mounting feet on the J-bolts as required. When the tower is plumb, use two wrenches to lock the lower nuts on each J-bolt together. Tighten the upper nuts to secure the base. 7. Removing the lower 3/8 inch bolt on the rear (West) leg allows the tower to be hinged to the ground. If a step ladder is available, it is easier to leave the tower upright.
UT10 Weather Station 7.2.1.2 019ALU Crossarm Attach the 019ALU crossarm to the mast as shown in FIGURE 7-9. 2. Position the middle NU-RAIL so that it rests on top of the bell reducer. Orient the 019ALU in an East/West direction, with the 3/4 inch NU-RAIL facing East and tighten the set screws. If the 019ALU is used with the 025 Crossarm Stand, orient the 019ALU North/South, with the 3/4 inch NURAIL facing South. 3. Install the lightning rod to the mast as shown in FIGURE 7-9.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 7-8. CM210 crossarm-to-pole bracket (top) is included with the crossarm for attaching the crossarm to the tower’s mast or leg. Lightning Rod 019ALU FIGURE 7-9. 019ALU Crossarm and Lightning Rod 7.2.3 CM225 Pyranometer Stand The CM225 pyranometer stand is used to mount the LI200X, LI190SB, CS300, CMP3, and LP02 solar radiation sensors to either a tower leg, mast, or crossarm. 1. 14 If using a CS300, LI200X, or LI190SB, mount the leveling base to the CM225.
UT10 Weather Station adjustable leveling screws to level the sensor. The CMP3 and LP02 pyranometers include their own bubble level and leveling screws allowing them to attach directly to the CM225. 2. Mount the sensor to the leveling base or CM225. 3. Attach the CM225 to a tower leg, mast, or CM200-series crossarm. If attaching to a tower leg or mast, place the CM225’s U-bolt in the side holes (FIGURE 7-11). If attaching to a crossarm, place the CM225’s bottom holes (FIGURE 7-10). FIGURE 7-10.
UT10 Weather Station 8. Preparing the Tower for Use 8.1 Enclosure, Datalogger, Power Supply 8.1.1 Enclosure All instrumentation (datalogger, power supply, and communication peripherals) are mounted in the enclosure. A PVC bulkhead port is installed in the enclosure for routing the sensor and communication cables to the instrumentation. The “-TM” option is used to attach our enclosures to a UT10 tower.
UT10 Weather Station D FIGURE 8-1. Enclosure brackets configured for a tower mount. The default configuration is for attaching to a UT10 tower (for example, D = 10.25 in). To attach to a UT20 or UT30 tower, move the flange sections of the bracket so that D = 17 in. Flange Section Flange Section FIGURE 8-2. This exploded view shows the components of a “-TM” bracket option.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-3. An enclosure attached to two tower legs. 8.1.2 Datalogger and Power Supply The datalogger includes hardware for mounting it to an enclosure backplate (see FIGURE 8-4). Either a BPALK or PS100 power supply is also typically housed in the enclosure if a CR800, CR850, or CR1000 is used. These power supplies also include hardware for mounting them to an enclosure backplate (see FIGURE 8-4). 8.1.
UT10 Weather Station 2. Make sure the red and black wires attached to the “+12 V” and “ ” terminals on the PS100 are connected to the “12 V” and “G” terminals on the CR1000 Wiring Panel. 3. An AC transformer or unregulated solar panel (Section 8.1.5, Solar Panel) should be connected to the PS100 at all times. Connect the lead wires from the transformer or solar panel without regard to polarity to the two terminals labeled “CHG” (FIGURE 8-4); the red LED should light when voltage is present.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-4. CR1000 and PS100 Mounted to an Enclosure Backplate FIGURE 8-5.
UT10 Weather Station 8.2 Sensor Connection 1. After the sensors have been mounted, route the sensor leads through the entry hole in the bottom of the enclosure and to the datalogger. Secure the leads to the left side of the enclosure using cable ties and tabs (FIGURE 8-6). Any excess cable should be neatly coiled and secured to the tabs. 2.
UT10 Weather Station 8.3 Communication and Data Storage Peripherals One or more peripherals (for example, CompactFlashTM modules, modems, etc.) can be mounted to the enclosure backplate (ENC12/14, ENC14/16, or ENC16/18 enclosures). 8.3.1 CFM100, NL115, or NL120 Connect a CFM100, NL115, or NL120 module to the peripheral port of a CR1000 or CR3000 datalogger (see FIGURE 8-7). One CompactFlashTM card fits in the CFM100 or NL115’s card slot.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-8. COM220 Modem with Surge Protector 8.3.3 Cellular Transceivers Campbell Scientific offers two digital cellular modems — the RavenXTV CDMA modem and the RavenXTG GPRS modem. Refer to our product brochure for information on choosing the right cellular modem for your weather station. Mount the digital cellular modem in the enclosure by doing the following steps: 1. Mount the modem to the enclosure backplate using the hardware provided in pn 14394, Mounting Kit. 2.
UT10 Weather Station 8.3.4 SRM-5A Rad Modem and SC932A Interface Rad Modems enable communication between the datalogger and the computer over 4-wire unconditioned telephone line, or cable with two twisted pairs of wires. The maximum distance between modems is determined by baud rate and wire gauge. At 9600 baud the approximate range is 5.0 miles using 19 gauge wire, 4.0 miles using 26 gauge wire.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-9.
UT10 Weather Station Datalogger Computer FIGURE 8-10.
UT10 Weather Station 8.3.5 RF500M RF Modem and RF310-Series Transceivers Radiotelemetry (RF) enables communications between one or more dataloggers and the computer over an FCC-assigned radio frequency in the VHF or UHF band. The maximum distance between any two communicating stations is approximately 20 miles and must be line-of-sight. Longer distances and rough terrain may require intermediate repeater station(s).
UT10 Weather Station There are five configuration options for the RF500M: 1. RF ID – Set the modem address with a value from 1–255. Each RF500M in the network must have a unique RF ID. 2. CS I/O Settings – Set the CS I/O interface options.
UT10 Weather Station 8.3.5.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station Now install the nearest field station. If it communicates with the base station via a repeater, the repeater station must also be installed. Make sure the correct RF ID has been configured in the RF500M that is being deployed in the remote field station or repeater location. The following is the order in which a general RF field station should be installed. A repeater station is installed in the same order. 1. Tripod or tower 2.
UT10 Weather Station Connects to another MD485 via the CABLE2TP three conductor 22-AWG cable Connects to a PC via pn 10873 cable Connects to the datalogger CS I/O port via an SC12 cable FIGURE 8-11. You can configure any two types of interface ports (RS-485, RS-232, and CS I/O) to be used at a time. 8.
UT10 Weather Station turn pink. The indicator card does not need to be replaced unless the colored circles overrun. FIGURE 8-12. Enclosure Supply Kit 8.5 Sensor Installation Sensor leads should be routed down the North side of the mast to the enclosure and secured with cable ties. 8.5.1 034B Met One Windset Mount the 034B to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm as shown in FIGURE 8-13. 1. Mount the CM220 bracket on the crossarm via the U-bolt and nuts. 2.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-13. Met One 034B Wind Speed and Direction Sensor 8.5.2 05103, 05103-45, 05106, and 05305 RM Young Wind Monitors Mount the Wind Monitor to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm as shown in FIGURE 8-14. 32 1. Attach the CM220 bracket on the crossarm via the U-bolt and nuts. 2. Position the top of the mounting post 5 in above the CM220 and tighten the set screws. 3. Slide the orientation ring and the Wind Monitor onto the mounting post.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-14. 05103 RM Young Wind Monitor 8.5.3 03002 RM Young Wind Sentry Wind Set The 03002 can be mounted directly to the mast, or to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 Crossarm. 8.5.3.1 03002 Mounted to the Mast 1. Slide the crossarm mounting bracket onto the mast. Orient the crossarm so the vane end points north, and tighten the band clamp (see Section 8.5.17, Wind Direction Sensor Orientation, for final calibration). 2.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-15. 03002 Mounted to a CM200-series Crossarm 8.5.4 Licor Silicon Radiation Sensors (LI200X, LI200S, LI190SB) Mount the Radiation Sensor to the LI2003S Base and Leveling Fixture as shown in FIGURE 8-16. 1. Position the base of the sensor in the mounting flange on the LI2003S, and tighten the set screw with the Allen wrench provided. Adjust the three leveling screws flush with the bottom of the LI2003S. 2. Mount the LI2003S to the CM225 (Section 7.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.5 107/108 Temperature Probe Mount the 107 temperature probe inside the 41303-5A 6-plate radiation shield as shown in FIGURE 8-17. 1. Loosen the two mounting clamp screws on the base of the radiation shield. Insert the 107 probe through the mounting clamp until the white heat shrink is even with the bottom of the clamp. 2. Tighten the two screws evenly until the clamp is snug against the sensor lead. 107 Mounting Clamp FIGURE 8-17.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.6 107/108 Soil Temperature Probe 1. Select an undisturbed area of ground on the side of the tower that will receive the least amount of traffic. Route the sensor lead from the datalogger to the selected area. 2. Dig a narrow trench next to the sensor lead, ending the trench at least 6 in short of the probe tip. Lay the sensor lead into the trench. 3.
UT10 Weather Station HMP60 Mounting Clamp FIGURE 8-18.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.8 HC2S3 Rotronic Temperature and RH Probe Mount the probe inside the 41003-5 10-plate radiation shield as shown in FIGURE 8-19. 1. Insert the 27731 hex plug that ships with the HC2S3 probe into the underside of the 41003-5 base. 2. Insert the probe into the radiation shield leaving about 2.5 cm (1 in) exposed below the hex plug. 3. Tighten the hex plug such that it compresses against the body of the HC2S3 to hold it inside the radiation shield. 4.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.9 CS100 or CS106 Barometric Pressure Sensor Mount the CS100 or CS106 to the enclosure backplate. 1. Mount the barometer to the mounting plate using the two screws and grommets provided. 8.5.10 Texas Electronics Tipping Bucket Rain Gages (TE525, TE525WS, TE525MM) 1. Mount the rain gage to a CM300-series pole or a user-supplied pole as shown in FIGURE 8-20. Mounting the gage directly to the tripod or tower is not recommended. 2. Dig a 6 in diameter hole 24 in deep. 3.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.11 TB4, TB4MM or CS700 Rain Gage The rain gage should be mounted in a relatively level spot that is representative of the surrounding area. The lip of the funnel should be horizontal and at least 30 inches above the ground. The ground surface around the rain gage should be natural vegetation or gravel. Often, the rain gage is mounted to a CM300series pole. The pole can be embedded directly in a concrete pad. The CM300 pole can also be supported via J-bolts or legs. 1.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.12 SR50A Sonic Ranging Sensor 8.5.12.1 Beam Angle When mounting the SR50A, the sensor’s beam angle needs to be considered (see FIGURE 8-22). It is always best to mount the SR50A perpendicular to the intended target surface. The SR50A has a beam angle of approximately 30 degrees. This means that objects outside this 30 degree beam will not be detected nor interfere with the intended target. Any unwanted targets must be outside the 30 degree beam angle.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-23. Distance from Edge of Transducer Housing to Grill 8.5.12.3 Mounting Options There are two standard mounting options available for the SR50A sensor. The first is the SR50A Mounting Kit, part number 19517. This bracket is used to mount the SR50A to a CM206 crossarm or a pipe with a 1 in to 1.75 in OD. FIGURE 8-24 and FIGURE 8-25 show a couple of angles of the SR50A mounted to a crossarm.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-25. The SR50A Mounted to the Crossarm Shown from Another Angle FIGURE 8-26.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.13 CS616 Water Content Reflectometer Probe rods can be inserted vertically or horizontally into the soil surface or buried at any orientation to the surface. A probe inserted vertically into a soil surface will give an indication of the water content in the upper 30 cm of soil. Horizontal installation will detect the passing of wetting fronts. Insertion at a 30 degree angle with the surface will measure water content in the upper 15 cm of soil.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.14 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor Mounting and orientation considerations are left to the user to determine. Consult the 237 manual for preparation and other information. Normally, the sensor is mounted away from the meteorological tower in or near a plant canopy. The 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor is shown in FIGURE 8-28. FIGURE 8-28. 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor 8.5.15 257 Soil Moisture Sensor 1. Soak the sensor end of the 257 (FIGURE 8-29) in irrigation water for 12 to 14 hours.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-29. 257 Soil Moisture Sensor 8.5.16 CS210 Enclosure Humidity Sensor Mount the CS210 inside the environmental enclosure or onto a datalogger using the mounting block and the wire tie included with the sensor (FIGURE 8-30). NOTE The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes, moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will support combustion in air.
UT10 Weather Station 8.5.17 Wind Direction Sensor Orientation 8.5.17.1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation Orientation of the wind direction sensor is done after the datalogger has been programmed, and the location of True North has been determined. True North is usually found by reading a magnetic compass and applying the correction for magnetic declination*; where magnetic declination is the number of degrees between True North and Magnetic North.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-31. Magnetic Declination for the Contiguous United States 8.5.17.2 National Geophysical Data Center Website This website facilitates the task of determining magnetic declination for your weather station. The website uses longitude and latitude to determine declination. Customers located in the U.S. can find their site’s longitude and latitude. For international customers, a link is provided to help them determine their longitude and latitude.
UT10 Weather Station FIGURE 8-32. Declination Angles East of True North are Subtracted from 0 to get True North FIGURE 8-33. Declination Angles West of True North are Added to 0 to get True North 9. Maintenance and Troubleshooting These guidelines apply to several different Campbell Scientific weather stations. 9.1 Maintenance Proper maintenance of weather station components is essential to obtain accurate data.
UT10 Weather Station A station log should be maintained for each weather station that includes serial numbers, dates that the site was visited, and maintenance that was performed. 9.1.1 Instrumentation Maintenance The instrumentation requires a minimum of routine maintenance. A few preventative maintenance steps will optimize battery life and decrease the chances of datalogger failure. 9.1.2 Batteries The CRBasic battery instruction can be used to measure the battery voltage.
UT10 Weather Station 1 month • Check the rain gage funnel for debris and level. • Do a visual/audio inspection of the anemometer at low wind speeds. • Check the filter of the temperature/humidity sensor for contamination. General Maintenance • An occasional cleaning of the glass on the solar panel will improve its efficiency. • Check sensor leads and cables for cracking, deterioration, proper routing, and strain relief.
UT10 Weather Station D. Disconnect any communications or storage peripherals from the datalogger. E. Reset the datalogger by turning the power switch to “OFF”, then to “ON” or disconnecting and reconnecting the battery. F. If still no response, call Campbell Scientific. 9.2.2 No Response from Datalogger through SC32B or Modem Peripheral At the datalogger: A. Make sure the battery has been installed, and the power switch, if any, is “ON”. B.
UT10 Weather Station 9.2.3 NaN Displayed in a Variable A. Make sure the battery voltage is between 9.6 and 16 Vdc. B. Verify the sensor is wired to the analog channel specified in the measurement instruction or Short Cut .FSL file (single-ended channels are not labeled on the older CR10 silver-colored wiring panels and are numbered sequentially starting at 1H; For example, 1L is single-ended channel 2). C.
UT10 Weather Station 5. 54 Use the EZ Setup Wizard in VisualWeather, PC400, or LoggerNet to set up the weather station.
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