UT10 Weather Station Revision: 7/10 C o p y r i g h t © 1 9 9 3 - 2 0 1 0 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c , I n c .
Warranty and Assistance The UT10 WEATHER STATION is warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s option) defective products.
UT10 Table of Contents PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. General ......................................................................1-1 1.1 Installation Tasks .................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.1 Indoors ........................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.2 Outdoors...................
UT10 Table of Contents 3.3.5 RF500M RF Modem and RF310-Series Transceivers .............. 3-12 3.3.5.1 RF500M Modem Configuration ...................................... 3-12 3.3.5.2 RF500M RF Base Station................................................ 3-13 3.3.5.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station ............................. 3-14 3.3.6 MD485 Multidrop Interface ...................................................... 3-14 3.3.6.1 MD485 Multidrop Interface at the Datalogger ................ 3-14 3.3.
UT10 Table of Contents 6.2.3 NaN Displayed in a Variable ...................................................... 6-4 6.2.4 Unreasonable Results Displayed in a Variable ........................... 6-4 Figures 1.3-1. 2.1-1. 2.1-2. 2.1-3. 2.1-4. 2.1-5. 2.2-1. 2.2-2. Effect of Structure on Wind Flow .................................................... 1-5 UT10 Weather Station...................................................................... 2-2 UT10 Tower and Concrete Foundation...........................
UT10 Table of Contents 4.17-2. Declination Angles East of True North are Subtracted from 0 to get True North ........................................................................ 4-19 4.17-3. Declination Angles West of True North are Added to 0 to get True North ........................................................................
Section 1. General This section provides preparation and siting information as well as specifications. 1.1 Installation Tasks 1.1.1 Indoors • Immediately upon receipt of your shipment… ⇒ Open shipping cartons. ⇒ Check contents against invoice. Contact CSI immediately about any shortages.
Section 1. General 1.2 Tools Required Tools required to install and maintain a weather station are listed below. 1.2.1 Tools for Tower Installation Shovel Rake Open end wrenches: 3/8", 7/16", ½", (2) 9/16" Magnetic compass 6' Step ladder Tape measure (12' and 20') Nut driver (3/8") Level (24" to 36") Pick or digging bar Claw hammer Materials for concrete form: Hand Saw (4) 2" x 4" x 8' piece of lumber (8) 8 p double-head nails (8) 16 p double-head nails concrete trowels (2) 1" to 1.
Section 1. General 1.2.3 Supplies for Power and Communications Options AC Power Wire, conduit, and junction boxes as needed Phone Modem Hayes compatible calling modem for PC Phone line to weather station or junction box Short-Haul Modem 4 Conductor communications cable from PC to weather station or junction box 6' copper ground rod and clamp for PC surge protection (optional) 1.3 Siting and Exposure CAUTION If any part of the weather station comes in contact with power lines, you could be killed.
Section 1. General Situations to avoid include: • • • • • • • • • large industrial heat sources rooftops steep slopes sheltered hollows high vegetation shaded areas swamps areas where snow drifts occur low places holding standing water after rains Standard measurement heights: 1.5 m ± 1.0 m (AASC) 1.25 - 2.0 m (WMO) 2.0 m temperature (EPA) 2.0 m and 10.0 m for temperature difference (EPA) 1.3.3 Precipitation A rain gage should be sited on level ground that is covered with short grass or gravel.
Section 1. General Standard measurement depths: 10.0 cm ± 1.0 cm (AASC) 5.0 cm, 10.0 cm, 50.0 cm, 100.0 cm (WMO) FIGURE 1.3-1. Effect of Structure on Wind Flow 1.3.6 Siting References 1 EPA, (1987). On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, EPA-450/4-87-013. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. 2 WMO, (1983). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation. World Meteorological Organization No.
Section 1. General 1.4. Specifications Required Concrete Pad Dimensions (see note 1): 24 x 24 x 24 in. (61 x 61 x 61 cm) Crossarm Height (attached to mast) Standard: 10 ft (3 m) Maximum (mast fully extended): ~12 ft (3.7 m) Minimum: ~9 ft (2.7 m) Pipes Outer Diameter (OD) Vertical: Cross Support: 1 in. (2.5 cm) 0.375 in. (0.953 cm) Leg Spacing: 10.25 in.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation 2.1 UT10 Tower Installation The UT10 3-meter Tower provides a support structure for mounting the weather station components. Figure 2.1-1 shows a typical UT10 equipped with instrumentation enclosure, meteorological sensors, and solar panel. 2.1.1 Base Installation The UT10 tower attaches to a user supplied concrete foundation as shown in Figure 2.1-2. The tilt base, anchor bolts, and nuts are included with the tower. 1. Dig a hole 24" square and 24" deep.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation FIGURE 2.1-1. UT10 Weather Station UT10 (3) Sleeves (4) Anchor bolts Concrete foundation FIGURE 2.1-2.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation FIGURE 2.1-3. Concrete Foundation and Anchor Bolts 2.1.2 Tower Installation 1. Install the mast as shown in Figure 2.1-4. Attach the 3/4" x 10" nipple to the mast using the bell reducer. Loosen the two bolts at the top of the tower and insert the mast. For a 3 m mounting height, the bell reducer should rest against the top of the tower. Tighten the two bolts to secure the mast. 2. Remove the three upper bolts on the aluminum sleeves attached to the base.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation 3/4" Nipple Bell Reducer Bolts to secure mast FIGURE 2.1-4. UT10 Mast 2.1.3 UT10 Tower Grounding 2-4 1. Drive the ground rod close to the tower using a fence post driver or sledge hammer. Drive the rod at an angle if an impenetrable hardpan layer exists. In hard clay soils, a gallon milk jug of water can be used to "prime" the soil and hole to make driving the rod easier. 2. Loosen the bolt that attaches the clamp to the ground rod.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation 12 AWG Wire 4 AWG Wire Ground Rod FIGURE 2.1-5. Tower Grounding 2.2 Sensor Mounting Brackets Sensor mounting brackets provide a means of mounting the sensors to the tower. General orientation of the mounting brackets is shown in Figure 2.2-1. 2.2.1 Crossarm Mounting 2.2.1.1 CM202, CM204, CM206 Crossarms 1. Attach the crossarm at the desired height via the provided u-bolts and nuts (Figure 2.2-2). 2.2.1.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation 2.2.2 Gill Radiation Shields (41303-5A, 41003-5, 41005-5) 1. Attach the radiation shield to the tower leg, tower mast, or CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm with the u-bolt and nuts provided. If attaching to the tower leg or mast, place u-bolt in the radiation shield’s side holes. If attaching to a crossarm, place the u-bolt in the radiation shield’s bottom holes. North FIGURE 2.2-1. Top View of Tower FIGURE 2.2-2.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation Lightning Rod 019ALU FIGURE 2.2-3. 019ALU Crossarm and Lightning Rod 2.2.3 CM225 Pyranometer Stand The CM225 Pyranometer stand is used to mount the LI200X, LI190SB, CS300, CMP3, and LP02 solar radiation sensors to either a tower leg, mast, or crossarm. 1. If using a CS300, LI200X, or LI190SB, mount the leveling base to the CM225. The 18356 leveling base supports the CM300 pyranometer and the LI2003S leveling base supports the LI200X and LI190SB probes (see Figure 2.
Section 2. UT10 Tower Installation FIGURE 2.2-4. CM225 Solar Radiation Mount with a LI2003S Leveling Base and LI200X Solar Radiation Sensor FIGURE 2.2-5.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.1 Enclosure, Datalogger, Power Supply 3.1.1 Enclosure All instrumentation (datalogger, power supply, and communication peripherals) are mounted in the enclosure. A PVC bulkhead port is installed in the enclosure for routing the sensor and communication cables to the instrumentation. The “-TM” option is used to attach our enclosures to a UT10 tower.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation D FIGURE 3.1-1. Enclosure brackets configured for a tower mount. The default configuration is for attaching to a UT10 tower (i.e., D = 10.25”). To attach to a UT20 or UT30 tower, move the flange sections of the bracket so that D = 17”. Flange Section Flange Section FIGURE 3.1-2. This exploded view shows the components of a “-TM” bracket option.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation FIGURE 3.1-3. An enclosure attached to two tower legs. 3.1.2 Datalogger and Power Supply The datalogger includes hardware for mounting it to an enclosure backplate (see Figure 3.1-4). Either a BPALK or PS100 power supply is also typically housed in the enclosure if a CR800, CR850, or CR1000 is used. These power supplies also include hardware for mounting them to an enclosure backplate (see Figure 3.1-4). 3.1.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.1.4 PS100 Rechargeable Power Supply The PS100 houses a sealed monoblock rechargeable battery. To install the battery, loosen the two thumb screws and remove the cover. 1. With the PS100 power switch "OFF", insert the battery and plug the battery lead into the connector labeled "INT". 2. Make sure the red and black wires attached to the "+12 V" and " " terminals on the PS100 are connected to the "12 V" and "G" terminals on the CR1000 Wiring Panel. 3.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation FIGURE 3.1-4. CR1000 and PS100 Mounted to an Enclosure Backplate FIGURE 3.1-5.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.2 Sensor Connection 1. After the sensors have been mounted, route the sensor leads through the entry hole in the bottom of the enclosure and to the datalogger. Secure the leads to the left side of the enclosure using cable ties and tabs (Figure 3.2-1). Any excess cable should be neatly coiled and secured to the tabs. 2.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3 Communication and Data Storage Peripherals One or more peripherals (i.e., CompactFlash modules, modems, etc.) can be mounted to the enclosure backplate (ENC12/14, ENC14/16, or ENC16/18 enclosures). 3.3.1 CFM100, NL115, or NL120 Connect a CFM100, NL115, or NL120 module to the peripheral port of a CR1000 or CR3000 datalogger (see Figure 3.3-1). One CompactFlash card fits in the CFM100 or NL115’s card slot.
Section 3.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3.4 SRM-5A Rad Modem and SC932A Interface Rad Modems enable communication between the datalogger and computer over 4-wire unconditioned telephone line, or cable with two twisted pairs of wires. The maximum distance between modems is determined by baud rate and wire gauge. At 9600 baud the approximate range is 5.0 miles using 19 gauge wire, 4.0 miles using 26 gauge wire.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3. Route the cable from the remote SRM-5A, and the cable from the SRM5A attached to the computer to the 6361. Connect the cables as shown in Figure 3.3-5. Strain relief the cables using cable ties and tabs. FIGURE 3.3-3.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation Datalogger Computer FIGURE 3.3-4.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3.5 RF500M RF Modem and RF310-Series Transceivers Radiotelemetry (RF) enables communications between one or more dataloggers and the computer over an FCC-assigned radio frequency in the VHF or UHF band. The maximum distance between any two communicating stations is approximately 20 miles and must be line-of-sight. Longer distances and rough terrain may require intermediate repeater station(s).
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation the green configuration button on the RF500M either before or while connected to enable the settings in Device Configuration Utility. There are five configuration options for the RF500M 1. RF ID – Set the modem address with a value from 1-255. Each RF500M in the network must have a unique RF ID. 2. CS I/O Settings – Set the CS I/O interface options.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 5. Connect a null modem cable from the computer serial port to the RS-232 port of the RF500M. If a digital radio is being used on the RS-232 port, an SC532 and serial cable can be used between the PC and the CS I/O port of the RF500M. Set the appropriate configuration options in the RF500M with Device Configuration Utility depending on the port connected to the PC. 3.3.5.3 Install Nearest Repeater/Field Station Now install the nearest field station.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 3.3.6.2 MD485 Multidrop Interface at the Computer 1. Connect the CABLE3CBL cable to one of the MD485’s RS-485 ports. 2. Attach one end of the #10873 RS-232 cable to the MD485’s RS-232 port. 3. Attach the other end of the #10873 RS-232 cable to the computer’s RS-232 port. 4. Attach the barrel plug of the #15966 wall charger to the MD485’s Pwr port, then plug the wall charger into an AC outlet.
Section 3. Instrumentation Installation 2. Seal around the sensor leads where they enter the enclosure. Place a roll of putty around the sensor leads and press it around the leads and into the coupling to form a tight seal. 3. Remove the RH indicator card and two desiccant packs from the sealed plastic bag. Remove the backing from the indicator card and attach the card to the right interior wall of the enclosure.
Section 4. Sensor Installation Sensor leads should be routed down the North side of the mast to the enclosure and secured with cable ties. 4.1 034B Met One Windset Mount the 034B to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm as shown in Figure 4.1-1. 1. Mount the CM220 bracket on the crossarm via the U-bolt and nuts. 2. Place the 034B stem and bushing into the CM220 bracket. 3. With the shoulder screw in place, orient the counter weight to point due south. See Section 4.19 for final calibration. 4.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.2 05103, 05103-45, 05106, and 05305 RM Young Wind Monitors Mount the Wind Monitor to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 crossarm as shown in Figure 4.2-1. 1. Attach the CM220 bracket on the crossarm via the U-bolt and nuts. 2. Position the top of the mounting post 5" above the CM220 and tighten the set screws. 3. Slide the orientation ring and the Wind Monitor onto the mounting post. Rotate the sensor base so that the square wiring box points south.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.3 03002 RM Young Wind Sentry Wind Set The 03002 can be mounted directly to the mast, or to the CM202, CM204, or CM206 Crossarm. 4.3.1 03002 Mounted to the Mast 1. Slide the crossarm mounting bracket onto the mast. Orient the crossarm so the vane end points north, and tighten the band clamp (see Section 4.19 for final calibration). 2. Attach the cup assembly to the anemometer shaft using the allen wrench provided. 4.3.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.4 Licor Silicon Radiation Sensors (LI200X, LI200S, LI190SB) Mount the Radiation Sensor to the LI2003S Base and Leveling Fixture as shown in Figure 4.4-1. 1. Position the base of the sensor in the mounting flange on the LI2003S, and tighten the set screw with the allen wrench provided. Adjust the three leveling screws flush with the bottom of the LI2003S. 2. Mount the LI2003S to the CM225 (Section 2.2) using the three mounting screws provided.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 107 Mounting Clamp FIGURE 4.5-1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.6 107/108 Soil Temperature Probe 1. Select an undisturbed area of ground on the side of the tower that will receive the least amount of traffic. Route the sensor lead from the datalogger to the selected area. 2. Dig a narrow trench next to the sensor lead, ending the trench at least 6" short of the probe tip. Lay the sensor lead into the trench. 3.
Section 4. Sensor Installation HMP50 Mounting Clamp FIGURE 4.7-1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.8 HMP45C/HMP35C Vaisala Temperature and RH Probe Mount the probe inside the 41003-5 10-plate radiation shield as shown in Figure 4.8-1. 1. Loosen the split plastic nut on the base of the shield. Insert the probe and tighten the nut. FIGURE 4.8-1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.9 CS100 or CS106 Barometric Pressure Sensor Mount the CS100 or CS106 to the enclosure backplate. 1. Mount the barometer to the mounting plate using the two screws and grommets provided. 4.10 Texas Electronics Tipping Bucket Rain Gages (TE525, TE525WS, TE525MM) 1. Mount the rain gage to a CM300-series pole or a user-supplied pole as shown in Figure 4.10-1. Mounting the gage directly to the tripod or tower is not recommended. 2. Dig a 6" diameter hole 24" deep. 3.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.11 TB4, TB4MM or CS700 Rain Gage The rain gage should be mounted in a relatively level spot that is representative of the surrounding area. The lip of the funnel should be horizontal and at least 30 inches above the ground. The ground surface around the rain gage should be natural vegetation or gravel. Often the rain gage is mounted to a CM300series pole. The pole can be embedded directly in a concrete pad. The CM300 pole can also be supported via j-bolts or legs. 1.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.12 SR50A Sonic Ranging Sensor 4.12.1 Beam Angle When mounting the SR50A, the sensor's beam angle needs to be considered (see Figure 4.12-1). It is always best to mount the SR50A perpendicular to the intended target surface. The SR50A has a beam angle of approximately 30 degrees. This means that objects outside this 30 degree beam will not be detected nor interfere with the intended target. Any unwanted target must be outside the 30 degree beam angle.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.12.2.1 Reference Point The front grill on the ultrasonic transducer is used for the reference for the distance values. Because it is difficult to measure from the grill one can use the outer edge of the plastic transducer housing see Figure 4.12-2. If this edge is used, simply add 8mm to the measured distance. FIGURE 4.12-2. Distance from Edge of Transducer Housing to Grill 4.12.3 Mounting Options There are two standard mounting options available for the SR50A sensor.
Section 4. Sensor Installation FIGURE 4.12-3. SR50A Mounted to a Crossarm via the 19517 Mounting Kit FIGURE 4.12-4.
Section 4. Sensor Installation FIGURE 4.12-5. SR50A - Mounted using Nurail and C2151 Mounting Stem SR50A with 6-plate gill radiation shield – the picture below shows the SR50A stem attachment 4.13 CS616 Water Content Reflectometer Probe rods can be inserted vertically or horizontally into the soil surface, as shown in Figure 4.13-1, or buried at any orientation to the surface. A probe inserted vertically into a soil surface will give an indication of the water content in the upper 30 cm of soil.
Section 4. Sensor Installation reporting the output in units of period will make it possible to apply your own calibration during post processing of data. FIGURE 4.13-1. CS616 Water Content Reflectometer with #14383 Probe Insertion Guide 4.14 237 Leaf Wetness Sensor Mounting and orientation considerations are left to the user to determine. Consult the 237 manual for preparation and other information. Normally, the sensor is mounted away from the meteorological tower in or near a plant canopy. FIGURE 4.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.15 257 Soil Moisture Sensor 1. Soak the sensor end of the 257 in irrigation water for 12 to 14 hours. Allow the sensor to dry for 1 to 2 days after soaking and repeat the soak/dry cycle twice to improve sensor response. Always install a wet sensor. 2. Install the sensor into soil representative of the field conditions you wish to monitor. Avoid high or low spots. Placement south of the weather station mast (northern hemisphere) will avoid the effects of the mast shade.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 4.16 CS210 Enclosure Humidity Sensor Mount the CS210 inside the environmental enclosure or onto a datalogger using the mounting block and the wire tie included with the sensor (Figure 4.16-1). NOTE The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes, moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when tested according to U.L. 94 H.B.
Section 4. Sensor Installation 1. Establish a reference point on the horizon for True North. 2. Sighting down the instrument center line, aim the nose cone, or counterweight at True North. Display the input location for wind direction using the *6 Mode of the datalogger, or, the Monitor Mode of LoggerNet with an on-line PC. 3. Loosen the band clamps or set screws that secure the base of the sensor to the mast or crossarm.
Section 4. Sensor Installation FIGURE 4.17-2. Declination Angles East of True North are Subtracted from 0 to get True North FIGURE 4.17-3.
Section 4.
Section 5. Standard Software Installation Software required for a weather station consists of the datalogger program and a datalogger support software suite for Windows. 5.1 Datalogger Program The datalogger program operates the weather station. It programs the datalogger to measure sensors, process the measurements, and store data in the datalogger’s memory. The datalogger program is most easily created using Short Cut. A separate manual covers the use of Short Cut in detail. 5.
Section 5.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting These guidelines apply to several different Campbell Scientific weather stations. 6.1 Maintenance Proper maintenance of weather station components is essential to obtain accurate data. Equipment must be in good operating condition, which requires a program of regular inspection and maintenance. Routine and simple maintenance can be accomplished by the person in charge of the weather station.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting 6.1.3 Desiccant In standard weather stations, a humidity indicator card is provided with the enclosure. A small RH sensor (10162) can be purchased separately to record the RH inside the enclosure. Change the desiccant when either the card or the sensor read about 35% RH. Desiccant may be ordered through Campbell Scientific (DSC 20/4). Desiccant packs inside of the dataloggers do not require replacement under normal conditions. 6.1.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting 1 year • Replace anemometer bearings. • Calibrate the rain gage. • Calibrate the HMP45C probe. • Check calibration of HMP50 RH Probe; replace RH chip if necessary. 2 years • Calibrate the solar radiation sensors (some users suggest yearly). • Calibrate the temperature sensor. • Replace the wind vane potentiometer and bearings. 4 - 5 years • Replace sensor cables as required. 6.2 Troubleshooting 6.2.
Section 6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting C. Make sure the datalogger is connected to the modem, and the modem is properly configured and cabled (Section 9). At the computer: D. Make sure the Station File is configured correctly (LoggerNet or PC400 Manual). E. Check the cable(s) between the serial port and the modem.
Campbell Scientific Companies Campbell Scientific, Inc. (CSI) 815 West 1800 North Logan, Utah 84321 UNITED STATES www.campbellsci.com • info@campbellsci.com Campbell Scientific Africa Pty. Ltd. (CSAf) PO Box 2450 Somerset West 7129 SOUTH AFRICA www.csafrica.co.za • cleroux@csafrica.co.za Campbell Scientific Australia Pty. Ltd. (CSA) PO Box 444 Thuringowa Central QLD 4812 AUSTRALIA www.campbellsci.com.au • info@campbellsci.com.au Campbell Scientific do Brazil Ltda.
