Modems Canoga Perkins 2270 Fiber Optic Modem User Manual
Canoga Perkins Notice! Canoga Perkins has prepared this manual for use by customers and Canoga Perkins personnel as a guide for the proper installation, operation and/or maintenance of Canoga Perkins equipment. The drawings, specifications and information contained in this document are the property of Canoga Perkins and any unauthorized use or disclosure of such drawings, specifications and information is prohibited.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Caution! This product may contain a laser diode emitter operating at a wavelength of 1300 nm - 1600 nm. Use of optical instruments (for example: collimating optics) with this product may increase eye hazard. Use of controls or adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. Under normal conditions, the radiation levels emitted by this product are under the Class 1 limits in 21 CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter J.
Canoga Perkins Table of Contents Chapter 1 - General ..........................................................................................8 1.1 Equipment Description ................................................................................... 8 1.2 Functions, LEDs and Switches ....................................................................... 8 1.3 2201 Rack Chassis ....................................................................................... 10 1.4 2202 Modem Shelf .............
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 3.4 Programmable Buffered ECL Interface/Model ECL .................................. 26 3.5 RS-530 Interface Model -R30 ..................................................................... 28 3.6 T1/E1 Interfaces ........................................................................................... 30 3.6.1 Transparent Bipolar Models -B1, -B2, -B3 ....................................................... 30 3.6.2 DS1 / T1 Model -T1 ................................................
Canoga Perkins Chapter 7 - Specifications ............................................................................. 60 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Diagnostic Indicators and Controls ............................................................. 60 Optical Interface ........................................................................................... 60 System Electrical .......................................................................................... 61 Physical Dimensions ......................
2270 Fiber Optic Modem List of Tables 1-A 1-B 1-C 1-D Table Page Available Modem Controls ............................................................................................................. 8 Guaranteed Loss Budgets .............................................................................................................10 2270 Switch Functions ..................................................................................................................14 2270 Jumper Functions ...........
Canoga Perkins Chapter 1 - General 1.1 Equipment Description The 2270 is a high-speed modem for full-duplex operation over fiber optic cable. It operates synchronously up to 20 Mbps, and asynchronously up to 5 Mbps in the sample-data mode with a 25% jitter limit. The 2270 is available in rack-mount and standalone configurations. Both are intended to operate with a variety of electrical interfaces (refer to Section 7.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Figure 1-1. Front Panel Mode/Rate Switch The rate setting determines what rate the modem will operate at if set to the Internal Clocking Mode or the rate used when a modem set to the Slave Clocking Mode is set for local loopback. The modes are: • External Clock • Internal Clock • Slave Clock • Flow Control • Alternate Loopback Functions Switch positions 4, 5 and 6 select the clocking mode for the modem as described in Section 2.7 and shown in Table 2-A.
Canoga Perkins 1.3 2201 Rack Chassis The 2201 Rack Chassis is designed to accommodate up to ten 2200 series modems. It offers a variety of features, including local audible/visible and remote power failure alarms, optional redundant power supply, and the ability to allow modem removal from the chassis without powering down the entire system. Refer to the 2201 Rack Chassis User Manual for more details. 1.4 2202 Modem Shelf The 2202 Modem Shelf accommodates one or two standalone 2200-series modems.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 1.6 Loss Budget The maximum possible distances with either standard or long distance versions is dependent on the overall power loss over the fiber optic link. This is called the link loss. The launch power for the modem is compared with receiver sensitivity. The determination of the difference is the loss budget (refer to Table 1-B). To insure normal operation over a long term, the link loss should be at least 3 dB less than the loss budget for the modem.
Canoga Perkins • Are you using the correct clock mode (internal/external) for synchronous transmission? Have the modem's mode and rate switches been set properly? (The 2270 is set to the external clock mode at the factory.) If you have problems after carefully checking these items, turn to Chapter 5, "Troubleshooting." • • 1.9 Sensitivity and Optical Power Switches (HP Laser Version Only) A dual-section switch block is located between the transmit and receive optical connectors (see Figure 1-3).
2270 Fiber Optic Modem These settings give minimum and maximum losses for each of the four possible switch combinations. There is overlap between these ranges that is guaranteed to meet or exceed +/−1.0 dB from the transition points. The performance of every modem is guaranteed to fit the parameters given above. Some modems may significantly exceed these performance limits, but reliable operation and unit interchangeability is not guaranteed outside of these limits. 1.
Canoga Perkins Table 1-C. 2270 Switch Functions LOOP TEST switch on Front Panel (described in Section 5, “Troubleshooting”). LOC position will activate a local interface loopback. REM position will activate a System Test and control the state of the far-end loopback. OFF position is for normal transmission. TRANSMIT OPTIC POWER switch on Rear Panel (described in Section 1.9). HI position is used for link losses from approximately 10 dB and greater. LO position is used for link losses below 10 dB.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Table 1-D. 2270 Jumper Functions SIGNAL GROUND controls connecting circuit ground to the chassis. CHASSIS connects them together. FLOAT isolates the two grounds. Factory Setting = FLOAT SCT POLARITY controls the transmit clock output. NORM is always used for low data rates for proper clock phasing. INV may be needed for internal clock or slave clock modes operating high data rates if the DTE loop has long delays. Factory Setting = NORM TEST controls the built-in test pattern checker.
Canoga Perkins Chapter 2 - Installation 2.1 Unpacking the Unit Each 2200 Series Modem is shipped factory tested, and packed in a protective carton. Unpack the unit and retain the shipping carton and protective packing for reuse in the event it is necessary to return the modem to the factory. To assure proper operation of the modem, please inspect it and its shipping carton carefully for damage. If damage is sustained to the unit, immediately file a liability claim with the freight carrier.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Repeat this procedure for the second modem using the center cover retaining screw on the right side of the modem. After the modems are secure, you can mount the shelf into the equipment rack. NOTE: Depending on accessibility, it may be necessary to connect the fiber cables and interface cables before mounting the 2202 shelf in the equipment rack. NOTE: The modem must always be removed from the 2202 shelf, and its top cover removed, to access any switches inside the case. 2.
Canoga Perkins The outside case of the DC-powered modems will run warmer to the touch than the corresponding AC-powered units. This is because the cover is used as a heat sink for the DC/DC converter. 2.6 Rack Chassis Installation The 2201 Rack Chassis is designed to accommodate up to ten 2270 modems; see Figure 2-2. The 2201 will fit into a standard 19-inch equipment rack. Tabs are provided on each side of the unit and are predrilled for standard spacing.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Figure 2-2. 2201 Rack Chassis Front View with Modems Installed Table 2-A.
Canoga Perkins 2.7.3 Asynchronous Operation The 2270 can operate in the data-only asynchronous mode by setting the Clock Mode to INTERNAL and the Clock Rate to the highest frequency setting (switch positions 1-3 all closed). This allows for a maximum asynchronous rate of one-quarter of the internal clock frequency. For example, if a 2200-C-08 oscillator is used, the maximum frequency is 20 Mbps, and the highest asynchronous data rate would be 5 Mbps.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem When the modem is the source of the transmit clock, there is a finite time delay before that clock arrives at the DTE to clock its transmitter. There is another time delay before the data from the DTE arrives back at the modem. Since the modem uses its own clock signal to align the data, there is a potential for these delays to make the data invalid at the point of realignment.
Canoga Perkins To accomplish this, the SCT POL jumper needs to be changed. The position set at the factory is NORM, which assumes a negligible delay in the cable and DTE user device. The INV position can improve performance if that delay is an odd-multiple of one-half a clock period. Using an oscilloscope, the SCT and TXD A-lead waveforms can be examined to confirm that the falling edge of the clock does not occur close to the changes in TXD.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Chapter 3 - Data Interfaces 3.1 Electrical Data Interfaces A variety of interfaces are available with the 2270 Modem. Each is designed to conform with existing standards. Refer to Section 7, "Specifications," for applicable configurations, standards and physical connector types. Figure 3-1. 2270 Interchangeable Interfaces 3.2 RS-232C/423 Interface Model -32 This interface is electrically compatible with EIA RS-423A.
Canoga Perkins 3.3.1 Jumper Strap Settings Table 3-A. Jumper Strap Settings Jumper Strap Position Function W1/W2 W1 W2 Chassis GND tied to Sig GND through 100 ohms W2Chassis GND tied directly to SIG GND W3/W4 W3 W4 RTS biased to "ON" RTS biased to "OFF" Table 3-B.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Table 3-D.
Canoga Perkins 3.4 Programmable Buffered ECL Interface / Model ECL This interface uses standard 10KH ECL (biased to -5.2V) to allow operation over 110 ohm twisted pair cable up to a maximum speed of 20 Mbps. The maximum cable length recommended is 25 feet. This interface is identical to the Model P53, described in Section 3.9, with the following exceptions: 1. The pin numbering of the J3 wire wrap header is different.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Figure 3-2. Strapping Options for Programmable Buffered ECL Interface Table 3-E.
Canoga Perkins 3.5 RS-530 Interface Model -R30 The EIA RS-530 interface uses RS-422 (balanced) electrical signals for all interface circuits (data, clock and control), except for the loopback (local/remote), and test mode pins which use RS-423 (unbalanced bipolar) electrical signals. The DB-25 pin assignments and signals supported are detailed in Table 3-F. Jumper options are detailed in Table 3-G. Normally, the control leads RTS, CTS, DSR and TM are supported locally (i.e., no end-to-end connectivity).
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Table 3-G. RS-530 Jumper Options Jumper Options CHASSIS GND Jumper (*) 100 Ohm position: Connects chassis ground to signal ground through 100 ohm resistor. SHORT position: Connects chassis ground directly to signal ground. Factory Setting = 100 OHM RLY Jumper NC position: CD (Carrier Detect) alarm relay contact closes on alarm condition or power loss. NO position: Opposite state of relay contact.
Canoga Perkins 3.6 T1/E1 Interfaces There are only two versions of T1/E1 interfaces available. The Transparent Bipolar models -B1, B2 and B3 are compatible with any bipolar line coded T1/E1 data and the DS1/T1 Model -T1 is for T1 only. 3.6.1 Transparent Bipolar Models -B1, -B2, -B3 This interface is compatible with any bipolar line coded T1/E1 data (1.544 Mbps/2.048 Mbps). All types of codes, including AMI, B8ZS, B7S or HDB3, will be accurately transmitted/received (refer to Table 3-H).
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Table 3-I. Line Build Out Settings Switch Positions for 4Bx 1 2 3 4 5 E1 T1 LEN0 LEN2 LEN1 MODE OF OPERATION ON OFF ON ON ON E1 CCITT OFF DSX-1 OFF ABAM OFF & PIC OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF 0-133 FT 133-266 FT 266-399 FT 399-533 FT 533-655 FT CSU ON ON ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF PART 68 OPT. A T1C1.2 E1 OFF OFF These interfaces are fully transparent to line codes such as B8ZS or HDB3.
Canoga Perkins 3.6.2 DS1 / T1 Model -T1 This interface is compatible with AMI-coded T1 data only. If line coding is other than AMI, such as B8ZS, then a model B type interface must be used. NOTE: This interface corrects bipolar violations. If these violations must pass through for fault detection, a model B type interface must be used. NOTE: This interface is compatible with clock and data transmission. The other end of the link can have a variety of interfaces (e.g., -32, -22, -35, etc.), if required.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 3.8 CCITT V.35 Interface Model -35 This interface is compatible with CCITT recommendation V.35 Appendix II (electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange circuits). The RTS control input is biased to the OFF state. If a connection is not made to this line, the CTS control output will drive to the OFF (negative voltage) state. Recommended cable is a twisted multi-pair type with a characteristic impedance of 80-120 ohms at the operating data rate.
Canoga Perkins 3.9 Programmable Buffered Interface - Model P53 The Model P53 Interface Module employs an RS-422 electrical interface with a DB-25 interface connector (RS-530). It also employs an 8-bit elastic buffer. A combination of FIFO (First In, First Out), Delay Line and Inverter circuitry allows you to customize the configuration for a variety of standard and nonstandard synchronous clocking arrangements.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem PROGRAMMABLE BUFFERED INTERFACE MODEL P53, DCE RS-530 KG SWING JUMPERS W19 MODEM ALARM FIFO DATA OUT DATA IN 8 W20 SHIFT OUT SHIFT IN 10 5 12 19 3 RxD 16 17 SCR 13 9 15 Figure 3-4.
Canoga Perkins Figure 3-5. Board Layout for Programmable Buffered Interface Table 3-K.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem This interface has strap option jumpers to configure the RLSD Output at J1-8/10 (DB-25) to support the KG-194 Resync functionality. Jumper straps W10/W11 (adjacent to U11) and W12/W13/ W14 (adjacent to U8) implement this function (refer to Table 3-L). Jumper straps W10/W11 control the ON/OFF level and W12/W13/W14 configure the RLSD Output to Bipolar (+6 V and -6 V) or single-ended (+6 and 0 or -6 and 0).
Canoga Perkins 3.9.1 Generic Interface, Wire Wrap Header P/N 6100030-006 This interface (see Figure 3-6) conforms to the EIA RS-530 pinout and signal flow for a DCE device.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 3.9.2 External Station, Wire Wrap Header P/N 6100030-004 The External Station is used when an external station clock is providing timing (see Figure 3-7). When connecting KG or KIV encryptors together on the Black side, using an external timing device you should install the external station clock strapped header in the J3 position. In this application, the modems are acting as the network, although the timing input is from an outside source.
Canoga Perkins 3.9.3 Internal, Wire Wrap Header P/N 6100030-005 The internal function is used when network equipment is set for Eternal Timing (see Figure 3-8). When connecting KG or KIV encryptors together on the Black side, you should install the internal strapped header in the J3 position. In this application, the modems are acting as the network timing source. In most cases, both modems should be set for internal master clock. The rate switches should be set to the appropriate speed for the circuit.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 3.9.4 External, Wire Wrap Header P/N 6100030-001 The External function is used when network equipment is set for Network or Internal Timing (see Figure 3-9). When connecting KG or KIV encryptors on the Red side to a DTE device, you should install the external strapped header in the J3 position. In this application, the modems are acting as an extension of the Red side cable in a true tail circuit.
Canoga Perkins 3.9.5 DTE Adapter This adapter is supplied with the P53 interface and should be used when connecting to a DCE device. This allows the use of a straight-through RS-530 cable. Figure 3-10 illustrates the DCE to DTE pin assignments. The gender of this adapter on the user side is male. Figure 3-10.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 3.9.6 Legacy Adapter This adapter is provided with the P53 interface and should be used if preexisting cabling was installed for use with Model P2 interface cards (see Figure 3-11). This adapter converts the standard RS-530 pin assignment on the P53 back to the original P2 pin assignments. Figure 3-11.
Canoga Perkins 3.10 High-Speed RS-422/Mil-Std 188-114C Interfaces There are three High-Speed RS-422 interface models (-TW, -T22 and -D22) and three High-Speed Mil-Std 188-114C interface models (-TW8, -T88 and -D88) available. All can operate up to 20 Mbps. All support only clock and data signals as shown in Table 3-M. Both the RS-422A and Mil-Std 188-114C are balanced differential electrical signals. The RS-422A operates between +1 and +4 volts whereas the Mil-Std 188-114C swings between +/-3 volts.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Table 3-O.
Canoga Perkins Figure 3-12. BNC and Four TwinAx Connectors (BJ-77 Type) 3.10.2 Model -TW8 The signaling used on this interface is Mil-Std 188-114C. Four TwinAx connectors (BJ-77 type) are used for the physical connection (see Figure 3-12). A switch is provided to select whether the fourth TwinAx (SCT/SCTE) is to be used as an output (SCT) or as an input (SCTE). By setting the switch to the SCT position, the port becomes an output providing the clock to the connected device.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Figure 3-13. Five TwinAx Connectors (BJ-77 Type) Table 3-P. Models D22 and D88 Connector Pin Assignments SIGNAL DC-37 PIN NUMBERS SCR (A) SCR (B) 17 35 RXD (A) RXD (B) 15 33 TXD (A) TXD (B) 9 27 SCTE (A) SCTE (B) 5 23 SCT (A) SCT (B) 3 21 SIGNAL GROUND 19 FRAME GROUND 1 *NOTE: These pin assignemnts do not correspond to RS-449.
Canoga Perkins 3.11 Interface Reconfiguration Figure 3-14 shows how the interface circuit board fits into the larger main modem board opening. A header-type connector is provided to connect the two circuit boards together. The interface board may be removed by loosening the two retaining screws and nuts, then pulling the board outward from its connector. Once a replacement board is in position, the two flanged lock nuts and bolts are secured with built-in flat washers above and below the board junctures.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Chapter 4 - Modem Operation 4.1 Modem Operation Though the actual electronic connection between the data equipment interface and a 2270 Modem differs from model to model, the electronic conversion from voltage level to optical level is similar in all applications. Figure 4-1 provides a functional block diagram of a typical 2270 Modem. (For simplicity, the test circuits are not shown.) The internal clock is shown with a broken line.
Canoga Perkins Figure 4-2. Typical High Speed 2270 Modem Application 4.3 Transmit Section The data and clock signals input to the interface are converted to 5V logic signals for use by the modem circuit. These signals then pass through the loopback and test pattern selectors to be processed by the clock-correction circuit. Above 9 Mbps, the duty cycle of any transmit clock is corrected to approximately 50%. The logic signals are then converted to the ECL signals used for modulation.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 4.6 Bit Count Integrity The 2270's design enables a much better integrity for the clock than the data. The data Bit Error Rate (BER) can be summarized as, "no more than one bit error in 1011 bits." The Bit Count Integrity (BCI) can be summarized as, "no more than one count missed in 1400 hours." Figure 4-3. Data Organization with PWM Optics 4.7 Duty Cycle Tolerance The 2270 will accept any clock input duty cycle between 30% and 70%.
Canoga Perkins If Data Carrier Detect (DCD) is present as an interface output, it is asserted if the remote modem is sending valid optical carrier to the local modem. If the interface is looped back for testing, DCD is asserted, regardless of the state of optical carrier. However, when Flow Control Mode is active, the loopback forces DCD to follow the Request To Send (RTS) signal. Clear To Send (CTS) is handled entirely by the interface card.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Chapter 5 - Troubleshooting 5.1 Diagnostic Procedures The following procedures are intended for use in the event of a system failure, not during the initial installation of a 2270 optical link. For initial installation checkout, refer to Chapters 1 and 2. 5.2 System Test All 2270 Modems have built-in local loopback and system test features. These tests can be used to verify the basic operation of a 2270 system. See Figure 5-1 for an illustration of system test loopback.
Canoga Perkins Table 5-A.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 5.2.1 Local Loopback Test When activated, the local loopback test will cause all data transmission from the near-end (local) user device to be looped back toward the receive of that same device. No data is looped back to the far-end (remote) user device unless a bidirectional Local Loopback method is selected (refer to Table 5-A, "Loopback Options" ). The loopback point is set at the electrical interface of the local modem (see Figures 5-2 and 5-3).
Canoga Perkins 5.2.2 Remote Loopback Test To activate the Remote Loopback Test, set the Loop switch to REM and, after the Rx Data Indicator begins to flash, set the switch back to OFF. For the "System Test Only" option, retain the test switch in the REM position (refer to Section 5.2.3). The Local Loop On indicator will remain on, indicating that the Remote Loopback has latched to the active state in the far-end modem.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 5.2.3 System Loopback Test This section describes the "System Test" Remote Loopback test feature in detail. See Figure 5-1 for an illustration of System Test. The System Test provides a simple way to verify most of the components in a 2270 link without any special test equipment: 1. Both optical transmitters 2. Both optical receivers 3. Both transmit and receive optical fibers 4. The far-end electrical interface and user device (via the far-end local loopback) 5.
Canoga Perkins Chapter 6 - Diagnostic Procedures 6.1 2270/2201 Diagnostic Procedures The following diagnostic procedures should be followed to test the 2270 system, troubleshoot a defective link or detect a defective fiber optic cable, connector, modem or power supply. NOTE: Refer to the 2201 Rack Chassis User Manual for diagnostic procedures for the 2201 Rack Chassis and power supplies.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Step Symptom Possible Cause(s) Action 2 (cont.) Perform the following optical loss calculation: • Local Receiver level minus remote Transmit level = near-end link loss figure • Remote Receive level minus local Transmit level = far-end link loss figure Check the optical cable loss figure against the optical link loss budget specified in Table 1-B for the specific fiber-optic modem. For the HP Laser version, check that the Tx PWR and Rs SENS switches are set according to Section 1.
Canoga Perkins Chapter 7 - Specifications 7.1 Diagnostic Indicators and Controls System Test, Optical Power, Rx/Tx, Power On, Power Alarms (2201) 7.2 Optical Interface Composite Error Rate 1 in 1010 or better Fiber Optic Cable Compatibility 50 to 62.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem 7.3 System Electrical Interfaces Supported RS-232C/RS-423, RS-422, V.35, DS1/T1, TTL/BNC, Programmable Buffered RS-530, Mil Std-188-114C, RS-530, Transparent T1/E1 Duty Cycle for Clock Input 50% ±20% 6.5 Mbps to 20 Mbps 50% ±25% less than 6.5 Mbps Interface Type RS-232C/423, Programmable RS-530, RS-530 RS-422/Mil Std-188-114C CCITT V.
Canoga Perkins Operating Environment Temperature Humidity 0 to 50°C 0 to 95% (non-condensing) MTBF 62,500 hours (calculated) 7.5 2270 Fiber Optic Modem Configurations 2270-S-XXX-XX-XX-X 2270-R-XXX-XX-XX-0 S = STANDALONE R = RACK-MOUNT * POWER OPTIONS 0- N/A 1- 120 VAC 2- 240 VAC IN-LINE 3- -48 VDC * CRYSTAL OPTIONS 00- NO CRYSTAL 01- 21.504M 02- 24.704M 03- 16.384M 04- 25.248M 05- 13.824M 06- 921.6K 07- 7.373M 08- 40.00M (DEFAULT CRYSTAL) 09- 12.928M 10- 6.144M 11- 25.856M 12- 230.4K 13- 24.
2270 Fiber Optic Modem Appendix A Warranty Current Warranty information is available on-line in the Client Login Area of the Canoga Perkins web site (www.canoga.com) or by contacting Technical Support at 800-360-6642 (voice) or fiber@canoga.com (email). Optional Service Programs Canoga Perkins offers several optional Service Programs. Please call Canoga Perkins Sales Department (818-718-6300) or see our web site (www.canoga.com) for details.
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