&N ᑓ䕲㢥 व㽓⬉ᄤ䕲 (: 9 / ⫼᠋䇈ᯢк ∝䇁䆡 ᮹∝䕲 ∝᮹䆡 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ∝㣅䕲 ᄺ㣅䇁 䆡ᶹ䆶 ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑 䅵ㅫࡳ㛑 ㋏㒳䆒㕂 +'&& 63&1 .
䞡㽕џ乍 䇋ཹֱㅵᴀ⫼᠋䇈ᯢкˈҹ᮹ৢᶹ䯙DŽ ᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲ࣙᣀ1(&݀ৌᥜᴗⱘ)RQW$YHQXHᄫᑧDŽ )RQW$YHQXHЎ1(&݀ৌⱘ⊼ݠଚᷛDŽ LL
Փ⫼ࠡⱘޚᎹ Փ⫼ᴀᴎ఼ࠡˈ䇋ᣝ✻ҹϟ乎ᑣ㺙ܹ䱣ᴎ䰘䌴ⱘ 㡖 ো $$$ ᑆ⬉∴DŽ ᅝ㺙⬉∴ ঠᣝԣ⬉∴ⲪϞϸ໘ⱘ 䚼ߚˈৠ ᯊㆁ༈ᮍࡼˈᇚ݊ौϟDŽ 䇋ᣝ⬉∴ℷ䋳ᵕ ˇˉ ℷ⹂㺙ܹ⬉∴DŽ ᬒܹ 㡖⬉∴ˈⲪϞ⬉∴ⲪDŽ Փ⫼㉏ԐѢ⌏ࡼ䪙ヨ˄ヨ㢃ϡ㽕さߎ˅ ㄝⱘᇪッ㒚ᇣⱘẦ⢊⠽ˈᣝϔϟᴎ఼㚠 䴶ⱘ5(6(7䬂DŽ 5(6(7䬂 Ćᣝ5(6(7䬂ᯊˈ䇋ϡ㽕Փ⫼⠭ㅒㄝ ᇪッᯧᮁ⠽કˈҹܡᇐ㟈ᬙ䱰DŽ
ᇚᴀᴎ఼㗏ℷᬒ㕂DŽ ᡞᣛᬒЁ䯈ˈᠧᓔᴀᴎ఼DŽ 佪ⱘ⦄ߎܜᰃᇍ↨ᑺ䆒ᅮ⬏䴶DŽ ḍ䳔㽕ˈᣝ 䬂䇗ᭈᇍ↨ᑺDŽ ᣝ 䬂ˈ ᰒ⼎㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ ሣᐩᰒ⼎㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ ƽ⬅ѢߎॖᯊᏅ᳝ᇥ䞣⬉䞣ᤳ㗫ˈ᠔ҹ䱣ᴎ䰘䌴⬉∴ⱘՓ⫼ᇓੑৃ㛑᮴⊩䖒 ࠄॳᅮՓ⫼ᯊ䯈ˈᭀ䇋䇙㾷DŽ
Ⳃᔩ Փ⫼ࠡⱘޚᎹ ܹ䮼 ᴀᴎ⡍㡆 䆡ࡳ㛑 䆡䗮⫼ⱘࡳ㛑 䞡㽕⊼ᛣџ乍 䚼ԡ䇈ᯢ ᣝ䬂ৡ⿄ঞࡳ㛑 ᓔᴎ ݇ᴎ পথ䷇ࠡ 䗝ᢽ䆡
ᑓ䕲㢥 ᶹ䆶᮹䇁ऩ䆡ⱘ䞞Н ؛ৡᶹ䆶 ᶹ䆶᮹䇁∝ᄫⱘ䞞Н ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 䚼佪ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ᶹ䆶㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ᮹᭛䞞Н ∝䇁䆡 ᶹ䆶Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ䞞Н ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 䚼佪ヨߦ ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ㊞ᶹ䆶 ᔧऩ䆡ⱘᶤϾᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ
∝㣅䕲 ᶹ䆶Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ㣅᭛䞞Н Ё᭛ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 䚼佪 ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ᄺ㣅䇁 ᶹ䆶ᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛ ㊞ᶹ䆶 ᔧᶤϾᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ᔧᶤѯᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ 䆡 ᶹ䆶 䕧ܹᶤϔऩ䆡 ᇚϡৠ䆡ЁⱘⳌ݇ऩ䆡Ẕ㋶ߎᴹ ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑 䅵ㅫࡳ㛑 㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ 㾷䞞⬏䴶ⱘሣᐩ㓽ᬒ ⏙ऩ⬏
㋏㒳䆒㕂 ব㋏㒳䆒㕂 䆒㕂ᣝ䬂ໄડ 䆒㕂ᇍ↨ᑺ 䆒㕂㞾ࡼ݇ᴎ 䆒㕂ᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶 䆒㕂ऩ䆡дᥦᑣ⊩ 䕲кⱘ⠜ᴗ 䯂乬ᥦ䰸 䰘ᔩ ሣᐩߎ⦄ϟֵ߫ᙃᦤ⼎ᯊĂ བ᳝ϟ߫ᚙމথ⫳ᯊĂ བԩ5(6(7㋏㒳䞡䆒
ܹ䮼 ᴀᴎ⡍㡆 䕲ࡳ㛑 Ƶᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹᮹䕲! ች⊶кᑫˈᬊᔩ㑺 ϛϾ䆡ᴵDŽ ƽ؛ৡᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ؛ৡⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹䇁 ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹЁ᭛∝ᄫᣐ䷇ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹∝ᄫ ƽ䚼佪gᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ䚼佪gᘏヨߦⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹∝ᄫ ƽ㣅᭛ᣐݭᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ᣐⱘݭᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹䇁ᴹ䇁 `` 义 Ƶ᮹∝䕲 ᮹∝䕲! Ƶ∝䇁䆡⦄ ҷ∝䇁䆡! ∝䇁䆡ߎ⠜⼒ˈᬊᔩ ϛϾᄫ 䆡ᴵǃ㑺 Ͼऩᄫ䆡ᴵDŽ ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹЁ᭛ᣐ䷇ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶Ё᭛䞞Н ƽ䚼佪ヨߦᶹ䆶 ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹЁ᭛ヨߦⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶Ё᭛䞞Н `` 义 Ƶ∝᮹䆡ࠢ 䊤䉡䊮Ё᮹䕲! Ϟ⍋䆥᭛ߎ⠜⼒ˈᬊᔩ㑺 ϛϾ䆡ᴵDŽ ᷾ᓣӮ⼒ǂϝⳕූˈᬊᔩ Ͼ ᄫ䆡ᴵǃ㑺 Ͼऩᄫ䆡ᴵDŽ ƽ؛ৡᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ؛ৡⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹䇁 ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹЁ᭛∝ᄫᣐ䷇ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹∝ᄫ ƽ䚼佪gᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ䚼佪gᘏヨ⬏ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶᮹∝ᄫ ƽ㣅᭛ᣐ
Ƶ㣅∝ঠ㾷 Ƶ∝㣅䕲∝ 㣅䕲 Ѡ⠜ ! ᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡 Ѡ⠜ ! Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺߎ⠜⼒ˈᬊᔩ㑺 ϛϾ ⫳ᬭ㚆ߎ⠜Ѯ⌆᳝䰤݀ৌˈᬊᔩ㑺 ϛϾ䆡ᴵDŽ ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶㣅᭛ Ё᭛䞞Н ƽ6SHOO &KHFNᶹ䆶 Ẕᶹᄫ↡ᣐݭ ƽᛃ⫼䇁ᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶ᛃ⫼䇁䞞Н ƽ՟হᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶՟হ䞞Н ƽ䞡㽕ऩ䆡থ䷇ 㑺 Ͼ ᄫ䆡ᴵǃ㑺 ϛϾऩᄫ䆡ᴵDŽ ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹЁ᭛ᣐ䷇ⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶㣅᭛䞞Н ƽ䚼佪ヨߦᶹ䆶 ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ҹ䕧ܹЁ᭛ヨߦⱘᮍᓣᶹ䆶㣅᭛䞞Н `` 义 `` 义 Ƶᄺ㣅䇁 ᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛ !ݠƵ䆡ᶹ䆶 Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺߎ⠜⼒ˈᬊᔩ㑺 Ͼ 䕧ܹᶤϔ㣅䇁ǃ᮹䇁Ё᭛ऩ䆡ᯊ ৃ 䆡ᴵDŽ ҹᇚϡৠ䆡ЁⱘⳌ݇ऩ䆡ৠᯊẔ㋶ ߎᴹDŽ `` 义 `` 义
䆡䗮⫼ⱘࡳ㛑 ܹ䮼 ƵՓ⫼ᣛफ 䆺㒚䇈ᯢњ䆡ⱘՓ⫼ᮍ⊩ǃ㓪䲚ᮍᓣǃᬊᔩݙᆍㄝֵᙃDŽ `` 义 Ƶᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ ㋏㒳㞾ࡼټᄬᶹ䆶䖛ⱘݙᆍ ৃ䱣ᯊᶹ䯙DŽ `` 义 Ƶऩ䆡䏇ᶹ Ꮖ㦋ᕫⱘᶹ䆶㒧ᵰЁ ेՓ䘛ࠄ⫳䆡гৃҹ䗮䖛ㅔऩⱘ᪡ᮍᓣ Ⳍ ᑨ䆡Ёᶹⳟ䆹⫳䆡ⱘ㾷䞞ǃ՟হㄝDŽ `` 义 Ƶᄫԧ㓽ᬒ 䗮䖛ϔϾ䬂ेৃㅔऩഄߛᤶ㾷䞞⬏䴶ЁⱘᄫԧᇣDŽ `` 义 Ƶऩ䆡д ৃᇚ䳔㽕д䆄ᖚⱘ䞡㽕ऩ䆡ǃᛃ⫼䇁՟হֱᄬऩ䆡дࡳ㛑Ёˈᮍ ֓᮹ৢ⌣㾜ϢᄺдDŽ `` 义 Ƶᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶 ᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶ᓔਃৢ 䕧ܹᶹ䆶ݙᆍᯊ ሣᐩϞӮߎ⦄ ϔӑϢ䕧ܹݙᆍⳌᇍᑨⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩDŽ ऩ䆡⏙ऩ Ćऩ䆡⏙ऩ䱣䕧ܹݙᆍⱘϡৠ㗠ᬍবDŽ `` 义
Ƶ乘㾜⬏䴶 䕧ܹᶹ䆶ݙᆍৢ ሣᐩϟᮍ偀ϞӮߎ⦄乘㾜⬏ 䴶DŽ乘㾜⬏䴶Ёᰒ⼎ⱘᰃᔧࠡ䆡ᴵⱘ䚼ߚ㾷 䞞DŽᣝ ᬍবDŽ 䬂ᯊ 乘㾜⬏䴶Ёⱘݙᆍᇚ䱣П 乘㾜⬏䴶Ёˈ᳔ৃᰒ⼎ 㸠DŽ 䅵ㅫࡳ㛑 ᴀᴎ఼ᦤկ ԡ᭄ⱘಯ߭䖤ㅫǃᐌ᭄䖤ㅫ 䆄ᖚ䖤ㅫㄝㅔᯧ䅵ㅫࡳ㛑DŽ `` 义
ܹ䮼 䞡㽕⊼ᛣџ乍 䇋Փ⫼ᴀᴎ఼ПࠡˈҨ㒚䯙䇏ҹϟⱘᅝܼ⊼ᛣџ乍DŽ ƽ䇋࣓ᇚᴀᴎ఼϶ܹ☿ЁDŽ ƽ䙓ܡ䖛催䖛Ԣ⏽ᑺϟՓ⫼ᬒ㕂ᴀᴎ఼DŽ䇋࣓ᬒ㕂䰇Ⳉܝᇘⱘഄ ᮍǃに䖍ᱪ♝䖍DŽ ƽԢ⏽⦃๗ϟˈ⎆ሣᐩ᳝ᯊডᑨ䗳ᑺӮব᜶ˈ⫮㟇᳝ᯊሣᐩӮϡ҂DŽ䖭 াᰃ᱖ᯊⱘ⦄䈵ˈᔧಲࠄᅸ⏽ᯊ֓ৃᘶℷᐌᰒ⼎DŽ ƽ䙓ܡᑺ䖛催ǃܙ⒵♄ᇬⱘഄᮍՓ⫼DŽ ƽ䙓ܡ䞡ߏǃᔃᡬᡁ᳆ᴀᴎ఼˗䙓ܡᇚᴀᴎ఼ᬒ㕂㺸㹟˗ݙᬒࣙݙ ᯊˈᑨ䙓ܡϢമ⹀⠽કᬒϔ䍋DŽ ƽ䇋࣓ᢚ㾷ᴀᴎ఼DŽ ƽ䇋࣓Փ⫼ᇪ䫤ⱘᎹ᪡ᣝ䬂DŽ ƽՓ⫼䕃Ꮧ⏙⋕ᴀᴎ఼㾖ᯊˈ䇋ܜᇚ䕃ᏗᬒЁᗻ⋫⋕ࠖЁ⍌ˈ✊ৢᇚ ∈ᢻᑆৢݡ᪺ᣁDŽ䇋࣓Փ⫼⿔䞞ࠖথ⊍П㉏ⱘথᗻ⒊ࠖˈ䙓ܡ䗴៤ ᣝ䬂Ϟⱘॄࠋᄫ⍜༅Ϟ⬭ϟ∵⏡DŽ /&'⎆ሣᐩ ƽ䇋࣓य़䞡ߏ⎆ሣᐩˈ⎆ሣᐩⱘ⦏⩗⸈㺖ৢᆍᯧᓩ䍋ফӸDŽ ƽ⎆ሣᐩϔᮺ⸈㺖ˈ䇋࣓㾺ᩌሣᐩ⎆ⱘߎ⑶ݙԧˈҹ䙓ܡ䗴៤Ⲃ㙸থ♢DŽ ƽϡᜢ䇃亳ሣᐩ⑶ߎⱘ⎆ԧᯊˈᑨ偀Ϟ┅ষᑊゟेህए⊏⭫DŽ ƽⴐⲂ㙸ϡᜢ㾺ࠄሣᐩ⑶ߎⱘ⎆ԧᯊˈ䇋ߚ ⋫ކ∈⏙⫼ܜ䩳ˈ✊ৢ ゟेህए⊏⭫DŽ Փ
ᣖ㓇 675$3 Ў䙓ܡᴎ఼ᬙ䱰ӸঞҪҎ 䇋࣓ᣕᣖ㓇ᴹಲ⫽ࡼᴀᴎ఼DŽ ϡৃ䴴䖥⺕व 䇋࣓ᡞ⺕व ֵ⫼वǃ䫊㸠वǃ乘Ҭवㄝ ᴀᴎ఼ৠᯊᨎᏺ ᇚϸ㗙ᬒϔ 䍋ֱㅵDŽᴀᴎ఼ⱘᡀໄ఼ 63($.
ܹ䮼 䚼ԡ䇈ᯢ 㾕 义 ⎆ᰒ⼎ሣᐩ 䬂Ⲭ 㾕 义 㘇ᴎষ ䷇䞣䇗㡖䬂 ᡀໄ఼ ⬉∴Ⲫ 㾕 义 5(6(7䬂 㾕 义 㘇ᴎ ᡀໄ఼ߛᤶᓔ݇ 㾕 义 ᠧᓔᴀᴎ఼ བ᠔⼎ˈᠧᓔᴀᴎ఼DŽ
ᣝ䬂ৡ⿄ঞࡳ㛑 䆡ᓣ䬂 乍Ⳃ ᣝ䬂 ࡳ㛑 ᓔᴎ݇ᴎDŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹ䆡ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹᑓ䕲㢥ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝℸ䬂߭ৃ䖯ܹ∝䇁䆡ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹ᮹∝䕲ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹ∝᮹䆡ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹ㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹ∝㣅䕲ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义 ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝℸ䬂߭ৃ䖯ܹᄺ㣅䇁ᶹ䆶DŽ``㾕 义
乍Ⳃ ᣝ䬂 ࡳ㛑 ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝℸ䬂߭䖯ܹ䅵ㅫࡳ㛑DŽ``㾕 义 䕧ܹᄫヺĀ"āĀ āՓ⫼ĀՓ⫼ᣛफā᮹䇁ĀѨक ䷇䕧ܹāᯊ 䳔ܜᣝℸ䬂ݡᣝ݊ᅗⳌᑨ䬂DŽ ``㾕 ǃ ǃ 义 Ẕ㋶ᔧࠡ䆡ᴵⱘᛃ⫼䇁ǃ៤䇁ㄝⳌ݇ݙᆍˈᑊҹ⏙ऩᮍᓣ ᰒ⼎DŽ``㾕 义 ऩ䆡㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёབᵰߎ⦄ ᷛˈेৃᣝℸ䬂 ᶹ䆶Ⳍ݇՟হ㾷䞞DŽ``㾕 义 ৃϞϟ㗏ሣˈ᳝䖲ࡼᗻ``㾕 义 ᔧࠡऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёˈᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝℸ䬂߭ৃ䏇 ࠄࠡϔऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ``㾕 义 ᔧࠡऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёˈᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝℸ䬂߭ৃ䏇 ࠄৢϔऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ``㾕 义 䖨ಲϞϔϾ⬏䴶DŽ``㾕 义 䖯ܹ㋏㒳䆒㕂⬏䴶DŽ``㾕 义 ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝℸ䬂߭ৃᰒ⼎ᔧࠡ䆡ⱘՓ⫼ᣛफDŽ ``㾕 义 ⹂䅸ᑊ䖯ܹϟϔϾ᪡⬏䴶DŽ``㾕 义 ऩ䆡থ䷇DŽ``㾕 ǃ 义 ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝᴀ䬂߭ৃᇚ䌘ֱ᭭ᄬऩ䆡дЁˈгৃ ऩ䆡дЁবFKHFNPDUN⢊ᗕDŽ``㾕 义 ߛᤶᄫԧᇣDŽ``㾕
ᓔᴎ ݇ᴎ ƽᔧᙼᠧᓔᴀᴎ఼ᯊˈ㋏㒳ᇚӮ㞾ࡼᓔᴎ˗ⲪϞᴀᴎ఼ৢ֓㞾ࡼ݇ᴎDŽ 䬂ৃᓔᴎˈݡᣝ 䬂ৃ݇ᴎDŽ ᣝ ƽЎњ㡖ⳕ㗫⬉䞣ˈ乘ܜ䆒ᅮⱘ㞾ࡼ݇ᴎᯊ䯈≵ݙ᳝᪡ᯊˈᴀᴎ఼㞾 ࡼ݇ᴎDŽᴀᴎ఼᳝㞾ࡼټᄬࡳ㛑ˈϔ݇ᴎৢৃ㞾ࡼټᄬᔧࠡⱘ⬏䴶䌘 ᭭˗ᓔᴎᯊˈሣᐩӮᰒ⼎݇ᴎࠡⱘ⬏䴶DŽ ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃ ƽᣝ ఼ᇚ㞾ࡼᓔᴎᑊ䖯ܹⳌᑨ䆡Џ⬏䴶DŽ z㞾ࡼ݇ᴎᯊ䯈ⱘ䆒㕂ᮍ⊩``䇋খ㗗 义DŽ ǃ 䬂ᯊˈᴀᴎ
ܹ䮼 পথ䷇ࠡ 䗮䖛ݙ㕂ᡀໄ఼㘇ᴎഛৃᬊ᮹∝䆡ᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡Ёᬊ ᔩⱘ䞡㽕ऩ䆡ⱘথ䷇DŽ``㾕 ǃ 义 Փ⫼ᡀໄ఼ ᇚᴎ఼ᑩ䚼ⱘ($53+21( 63($.(5ᓔ݇ˈߛᤶ㟇 Nj63($.(5njDŽ Փ⫼㘇ᴎ 䱣ᴎᦤկ ᦦܹᴀᴎ఼েջ 䇋ᇚ㘇ᴎ ⱘ㘇ᴎষDŽ Ć㘇ᴎᦦ༈Ўϸ↉ᓣ䆒䅵ˈ ᦦܹᯊ䇋ᦦ㟇ᑩッDŽ ᇚᴎ఼ᑩ䚼ⱘ($53+21( 63($.
䇗ᭈ䷇䞣ᇣ བে᠔⼎ˈᇚᴀᴎ఼েջⱘ䷇䞣䇗㡖䬂ˈ 䇗ᭈࠄ䗖ᔧⱘԡ㕂DŽ ᇣ
ᴀ᪡ ᴀ᪡ 䗝ᢽ䆡 Ƶ䗮䖛䆡ᓣ䬂Ⳉ䗝ᢽ䆡 ƹ䆡ᶹ䆶ǃᑓ䕲㢥ǃ᮹∝䕲ǃ∝᮹䆡ǃ㣅∝ঠ㾷ǃ∝㣅䕲 ǃ ǃ ǃ 䇋ᣝ Ⳉ䖯ܹⳌᇍᑨ䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ ǃ ǃ 䬂ˈৃҢӏᛣ⬏䴶 ¼ ƹ∝䇁䆡ǃᄺ㣅䇁 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䇋ᣝ ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ ǃ 䬂ˈৃҢӏᛣ⬏䴶Ⳉ䖯ܹⳌᇍᑨ䆡 ¼ Ƶ䗮䖛Ⳃᔩ⬏䴶䗝ᢽ䆡 ƹᣝ 䬂ৢ䖯ܹⳂᔩ⬏䴶DŽ ¼
ƹᣝ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ䆡DŽ 䬂ৢ䖯ܹ䆹䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ ¼ » ĆⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ёˈৃᣝ × 䬂Ⳉ䖯ܹⳌᑨ䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ`` 义 䗝ᢽऩ䆡乍Ⳃ Ƶ䗮䖛 䬂䗝ᢽ ¼ »
ᴀ᪡ Ƶ䗮䖛ᣝᄫ↡䬂䗝ᢽ ¼ ¼ ¼
ᶹⳟࠡϔऩ䆡ৢϔऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞 ऩ䆡㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёˈᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䴶ˈᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂߭ৃ䏇ࠄࠡϔऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏ 䬂߭ৃ䏇ࠄৢϔऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ¼ » ᭈሣ㗏䯙 བᵰ⬏䴶েϞ㾦ᰒ⼎ ᷛˈ㸼⼎ৃϞϟᭈሣ㗏䯙DŽ 㸼⼎⬏䴶ৃϞ㗏ϔሣDŽ 㸼⼎⬏䴶ৃϟ㗏ϔሣDŽ ƹᣝ 䬂ৃϞ ϟ⿏ࡼϔ㸠DŽ ¼ » ƹᣝ 䬂ৃϞ ϟ㗏ϔሣDŽ ¼ »
䖨ಲࠡϔ᪡⬏䴶 བᵰ᪡䫭䇃ˈᙼৃҹᣝ 䬂䖨ಲࠡϔ᪡⬏䴶DŽ ᴀ᪡ ¼ » 䖯ܹऩ䆡⏙ऩ⬏䴶 ᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶䆒ᅮЎ2))ᯊ 㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёˈᣝ 䬂䖯ܹヺড়䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ¼ ᶹ䆶݊ᅗऩ䆡 ᶤऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶ЁˈⳈᣝᄫ↡䬂ৃᔧࠡ䆡Ё㒻㓁ᶹ䆶݊ᅗऩ䆡DŽ ¼
䗝ᢽ݊ᅗ䆡 ӏԩ⬏䴶Ёᣝ䆡ᓣ䬂ৢഛৃ䖯ܹⳌᑨ䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ Ćᣝ 䬂ৢᣝ ǃ 䬂䖯ܹ∝䇁䆡ᄺ㣅䇁ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ ¼ ᶹ䆶ᛃ⫼䇁 ՟হ㾷䞞 ऩ䆡㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёˈৃҹ䖯ϔℹᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁ǃ՟হ䖯ϔℹ㾷䞞DŽ ՟˖Nj㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡njЁˈᶹ䆶ऩ䆡NjJHWnjⱘᛃ⫼䇁ǃ՟হ㾷䞞⫼⊩DŽ ᶹ䆶ᛃ⫼䇁 Nj㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡njЁNjJHWnj㾷䞞⬏䴶 ⱘেϞ㾦ᰒ⼎ ℸᯊˈᣝ 䇁⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᷛDŽ 䬂߭䖯ܹNjJHWnjⱘᛃ⫼
ᣝ ᴀ᪡ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘᛃ ⫼䇁ৢᣝ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ × 䬂䖯ܹ䆹ᛃ⫼䇁ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᶹ䆶՟হ㾷䞞 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ЁˈNjJHWnjⱘ㾷䞞⬏ 䴶Ёᰒ⼎ ᣝ ᷛDŽ 䬂ˈ⬏䴶Ёⱘ ᷛড咥DŽ ⬏䴶ЁⱘϔϾ ᷛ㹿ড咥DŽ ᣝ ৢˈᣝ 䬂䗝ЁᶤϾ ᷛ 䬂䖯ܹ䆹՟হ⬏䴶DŽ
䆡ⱘՓ⫼ᣛफ Փ⫼ᣛफࣙᣀ䆡ⱘՓ⫼ᮍ⊩ǃ㓪䕥ᮍᓣǃᬊᔩݙᆍㄝֵᙃDŽ 䆡ⱘՓ⫼ᣛफ 䗝ᢽᶤϔ䆡DŽ䆹䆡ⱘӏᛣ⬏䴶Ёˈᣝ 䬂DŽ 䬂ৢݡᣝ ¼ ᣝᣝ ᣝ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹⳟⱘ乍Ⳃৢˈ 䬂DŽ 䬂ৃϞ ϟ⿏ࡼ㗏䯙 䬂ेৃ䗔ߎՓ⫼ᣛफDŽ ƽҹϟᓣЁ᮴⊩ਃࡼՓ⫼ᣛफࡳ㛑˖ 噝ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ⏙ऩ⬏䴶 噝ߴ䰸ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ⬏䴶 噝ऩ䆡дЏ⬏䴶 噝ऩ䆡д⏙ऩ⬏䴶 噝ߴ䰸ऩ䆡д⬏䴶 噝䆒㕂 噝䅵ㅫ఼ 噝Ⳃᔩ 噝䆡ᶹ䆶Џ⬏䴶 噝䆡ᶹ䆶⏙ऩ⬏䴶
᭛ᄫⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ 㣅᭛䕧ܹ⊩ 㣅᭛ᄫ↡䕧ܹऎ ᭛ᄫⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ ՟˖䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡Nj,QWHUQHWnj ᣝ䬂ⲬϞⱘᄫ↡䬂 DŽ 䕧ܹNjLQWHUQHWnj Ćᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ䬂ⲬϞⱘ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧ܹ䯂ো " DŽ Ćᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ䬂ⲬϞⱘ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧᯳ܹো DŽ ƽ䕧ܹ㣅᭛ᄫ↡ᯊ ሣᐩϞᇚᰒ⼎ᇣݭᄫ↡DŽ ƽৃ䕧ܹ㣅᭛ⱘ䆡ᓣЎ g㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ǃᄺ㣅䇁 gᑓ䕲㢥ǃ᮹∝䕲 㣅᭛ᣐݭᶹ䆶ऎ g䆡ᶹ䆶 㣅䇁ᶹ䆶ऎ g䆡ᓣϟⱘ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽ
Ё᭛䕧ܹ⊩ ᣐ䷇䕧ܹऎ 䕧ܹᯊ Ⳉ䕧ᣐ䷇ᄫ↡ेৃDŽ՟བDǃRǃHǃ,ǃHUǃDLǃHLǃDRǃRXǃDQǃ HQǃDQJǃHQJㄝDŽˈ䕧ܹᣐ䷇ৢ䕧ܹໄ䇗 ϔໄ Ѡໄ ϝໄ ಯໄ 䕏 ໄ ˈৃҹᖿⱘ䗳ᑺᶹࠄ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡DŽ ƽ ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧ܹϔໄNj njDŽ ĆሣᐩЁ⫼Nj nj㸼⼎DŽ 䬂ৢᣝ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧ܹѠໄNj njDŽ ƽ ᣝ ĆሣᐩЁ⫼Nj nj㸼⼎DŽ 䬂ৢᣝ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧ܹϝໄNj njDŽ ƽ ᣝ ĆሣᐩЁ⫼Nj nj㸼⼎DŽ 䬂ৢᣝ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧ܹಯໄNj njDŽ ƽ ᣝ ĆሣᐩЁ⫼Nj nj㸼⼎DŽ 䬂ৢᣝ 䬂 ৃҹ䕧ܹ䕏ໄNj njDŽ ƽ ᣝ ĆሣᐩЁ⫼Nj nj㸼⼎DŽ ƽ䕧ܹNj"njNj nj ᣝ 䬂ৢᣝ ƽ䕧ܹNj h njᯊ ᣝ 䬂ेৃDŽ 䬂 䬂DŽ
՟˖䕧ܹNj]DL MLDQ ݡ㾕 nj ƽᣝ䬂ⲬϞⱘᄫ↡䬂 ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎᰒ⼎ Nj]DL MLDQ ݡ㾕 nj ᭛ᄫⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ ƽेՓϡ䕧ܹໄ䇗ˈгৃҹ䖯㸠ᶹᇏDŽ ᣝ䬂ⲬϞⱘᄫ↡䬂 ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎᰒ⼎ Nj]DLMLDQ ݡ㾕 nj ƽৃ䕧ܹЁ᭛ⱘ䆡ᓣЎ g∝䇁䆡ǃ∝᮹䆡ǃ∝㣅䕲 gᑓ䕲㢥ǃ᮹∝䕲ǃ䆡ᶹ䆶 ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎ
᮹᭛䕧ܹ⊩ Ƶ㔫偀ᄫ䕧ܹ 㔫偀ᄫ䕧ܹऎ ՟˖Nj߽ߩࠊ߆ࠅnj Njࡊࡠ࠳࡚ࠢࠪࡦnj Ć᮹᭛ⱘ؛ৡ䕧ܹᇍ✻㸼 ``䇋㾕 义 z䷇ǃ֗䷇ǃ⌞䷇ǃञ⌞䷇ⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ 䕧ܹNjࠐnjNjࠑnj ⌞䷇ˈञ⌞䷇ ᰃNjࠃnj ䷇ Njߟnj ֗䷇ ㄝᯊˈ䇋খ 㗗ϟ㸼DŽ ⌞䷇ ՟ ߈ߕ ञ⌞䷇ ䷇ ֗䷇ ߬ ߈ࠂ߁ ࠄߞߎ ᢼ䷇ ࠎߎ 䭓䷇ ߃ࠆ 㔫偀ᄫ؛ৡ䕧ܹ Ćᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶䆒ᅮЎ2))ᯊˈ佪ܜ䕧ܹNj̣nj 䭓䷇ ⱘ䆱 ᇚ᮴⊩䖯㸠Ẕ㋶DŽ⬏ 䴶ᦤ⼎Nj䕧ܹ䫭䇃njৢˈ䖨Ẕ㋶ࠡⱘ⢊ᗕDŽ 䬂ৃ䕧ܹ䭓䷇Nj̣njDŽ Ćᣝ ƵѨक䷇䕧ܹ ՟˖ᑗ䕲㢥ⱘ؛ৡᶹ䆶ऎЁ䕧ܹNj߈ߕnjDŽ ᑗ䕲㢥ⱘЏ⬏䴶Ёˈ ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ
䬂DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽNj߈njৢˈᣝ ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽNjߕnjৢˈᣝ ᣝ 䆶ᓔྟnjDŽ ᣝ ᭛ᄫⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽNj䕧ܹ㒧ᴳˈᶹ 䬂DŽ ƽৃ䕧ܹ᮹᭛ⱘ䆡ᓣЎ gᑓ䕲㢥ǃ᮹∝䕲 g䆡ᶹ䆶 ᮹䇁ᶹ䆶ऎ
䕧᭄ܹᄫ 䅵ㅫ఼ヨߦ䕧ܹ⊩ЁৃⳈᣝ䬂ⲬϞⱘ᭄ᄫ䬂䕧᭄ܹᄫDŽ ՟˖䕧ܹĀ ā ∝䇁䆡ⱘ䚼佪ヨߦऎЁˈᣝ᭄ᄫ䬂 DŽ 䅵ㅫ఼Ёˈᣝ᭄ᄫ䬂 DŽ ƽৃ䕧᭄ܹᄫⱘ䆡ᓣЎ˖ g∝㣅䕲ǃ∝䇁䆡ǃᑓ䕲㢥ǃ᮹∝䕲ǃ∝᮹䆡 䚼佪ヨߦऎᘏヨߦऎ DŽ g䅵ㅫ఼DŽ
ׂᬍ䕧ܹⱘ᭛ᄫ ߴ䰸᭛ᄫ ᣝ ᭛ᄫⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ 䬂ᇚܝᷛ⿏ࡼࠄ 㽕ߴ䰸ⱘ᭛ᄫࠡ䴶DŽ ᇚܝᷛ⿏ࡼࠄNjSnjⱘࠡ䴶 ᣝ 䬂DŽ ܝᷛৢ䴶ⱘNjSnj 㹿ߴ䰸DŽ Ćܝ᳔ᷛৢ䴶ᯊˈᣝ 䬂ৃߴ䰸᳔ৢϔϾ᭛ᄫDŽ ᦦܹ᭛ᄫ ՟˖ᇚNjKLWnjᬍ៤NjKLJKWnj ᣝ 䬂ᇚܝᷛ⿏ࡼࠄNjWnjⱘࠡ䴶ˈݡᣝ ǃ 䬂DŽ ¼ ᦦܹᛇׂᬍⱘⱘᄫ↡
ᶹ䆶᮹᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ䞞Н ᑓ䕲㢥Ёˈᶹ䆶Ꮖⶹ᮹᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ᮹᭛䞞НDŽ ؛ৡᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶Nj߆ࠎ߈ࠀ߁✭ޣᕆޤnjⱘ᮹᭛䞞НDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njች⊶кᑫᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹᮹䕲 njDŽ ⹂䅸ܝᷛᰃ৺ ؛ৡᶹ䆶ऎݙDŽ 䕧ܹNj߆ࠎ߈ࠀnjDŽ ߎ⦄㸹ऩ䆡⏙ऩৢ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽNj߆ࠎ߈ࠀ ߁✭ޣᕆޤnjDŽ 䬂DŽ ᣝ䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ƽ᮹᭛ⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ ``䇋㾕 义 ƽ؛ৡᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ᮹᭛؛ৡDŽ ᷛ㸼⼎ৃҹᣝ 䬂Ϟϟ㗏ሣDŽ
ᶹ䆶᮹᭛∝ᄫⱘ䞞Н ᑓ䕲㢥Ёˈᶹ䆶ⶹ᮹᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ᮹᭛䞞НDŽ ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶᮹∝ᄫNj☥∈njⱘ᮹᭛䞞Н ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᑓ䕲㢥 ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njች⊶кᑫᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹᮹䕲 njDŽ ᣝ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶DŽ 䬂DŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ёᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶DŽ 䕧ܹ᮹∝ᄫNj☥njⱘᣐ䷇ৢˈ ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䕧ܹNjVDnj ƽᑓ䕲㢥Ё ᙼ䖬ৃҹ˖ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ᮹∝ᄫNj☥njৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ Ⳉᣝ 䬂DŽ ऍ䜡᮹∝ᄫ݅ Ͼ ݊Ёⱘ Ͼᰃヺড়㽕∖ⱘDŽ ᶹ䆶᭛ᄫ߫ऎЁᰒ⼎Ꮖ䗝ᢽⱘ᮹∝ᄫ Nj☥njDŽ ᰒ⼎᮹∝ᄫNj☥nj 䬂DŽ ᣝ䖯ܹヺড়䆹᮹∝ᄫⱘ㸹⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡ৢˈ 䬂DŽ Ⳉᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ zᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᣐ䷇ᄫ↡DŽ zᶹ䆶᭛ᄫ߫ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ∝ᄫDŽ
䚼佪ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶Nj䂁ߺnjⱘ᮹᭛䞞Н ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njች⊶кᑫᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹᮹䕲 njDŽ ᣝ ᑓ䕲㢥 ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ䚼佪gᘏヨߦᶹ䆶DŽ 䬂DŽ ᣝ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ё 䚼佪gᘏヨߦᶹ䆶DŽ 䬂DŽ 䕧ܹ᮹∝ᄫNj䂁njⱘ䚼佪ヨߦ᭄Nj nj ৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ 䕧ܹ䚼佪ヨߦ᭄Nj nj
ᣝ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ䚼佪Nj㿔njৢ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ ऍ䜡䚼佪݅ Ͼ ݊Ёⱘ Ͼᰃヺড়㽕∖ⱘDŽ ܝᷛ䏇ࠄᘏヨߦऎ ᰒ⼎߮ᠡ䗝ᢽⱘ䚼佪 䕧ܹ᮹∝ᄫNj䂁njⱘᘏヨߦ᭄Nj nj ৢˈᣝ ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽNj䂁njৢᣝ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ ऍ䜡᮹∝ᄫ᳝݅ Ͼ ݊Ёⱘ Ͼᰃヺড়㽕∖ⱘDŽ
ᶹ䆶᭛ᄫ߫ऎЁᰒ⼎Ꮖ䗝ᢽⱘ᮹∝ᄫ Nj䂁njDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹヺড়䆹᮹∝ᄫⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽNj䂁ߺnjৢ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹNj䂁ߺnjⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᑓ䕲㢥 ᣝ ᷛ㸼⼎ৃҹᣝ 䬂Ϟϟ㗏ሣDŽ z䚼佪ヨߦऎৃݙ䕧ܹヨߦ a ߦDŽ zᘏヨߦ᭄ऎৃݙ䕧ܹヨߦ a ߦDŽ zᶹ䆶᭛ᄫ߫ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ∝ᄫDŽ z᮹∝ᄫⱘ䚼佪ձ䆡ⱘϡৠӮ᳝ᏂᓖDŽ z᮹∝ᄫⱘヨߦ᭄⊩ݭϡৠгӮ᳝ᏂᓖDŽ
ᶹ䆶㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ᮹᭛䞞Н ᑓ䕲㢥ᬊᔩⱘ䚼ߚऩ䆡䰘᳝㣅᭛ᷛ⊼ˈৃҹᶹ䆶ℸ䚼ӑ㣅䇁ऩ䆡ⱘ᮹᭛䞞 НDŽ՟ ᑓ䕲㢥᠔ᬊᔩऩ䆡Njࠣ࠙ࡦ࠼ǏJURXQGǐnjDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᰃҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽNjች⊶кᑫᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹᮹䕲 njDŽ ᣝ 䬂ˈ䗝ᢽࠄ㣅䇁ᣐݭᶹ䆶DŽ 䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡NjJURXQGnjDŽ 䬂DŽ ᣝ䖯ܹヺড়䆹∝ᄫⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ NjJURXQGnjৢᣝ 䬂DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䖯ܹNjJURXQGnjⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ƽ㣅䇁ᣐݭᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽ䕧ܹऩ䆡ᯊˈ䇋ⳕ⬹Nj 䖲ᄫヺ njঞNj ぎḐ njDŽ ՟ NjGLDPRQG GXVWnjėNjGLDPRQGGXVWnj DŽ ƽ䕧ܹ᳝Nj njⱘ䆡ᴵᯊ ҹNjDQGnjҷП䕧ܹDŽ
ᶹ䆶Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ䞞Н ∝䇁䆡⦄ ҷ∝䇁䆡!Ёˈᙼৃҹᶹ䆶Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘЁ᭛䞞НDŽ ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶Njݡ㾕njDŽ ᣝ 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ∝䇁䆡 ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Nj⦄ҷ∝䇁䆡njDŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ё ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶DŽ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ∝ᄫᣐ䷇DŽ ᣝᣝ 䕧ܹNj]DL MLDQ nj 䬂䗝ᢽNjݡ㾕njDŽ 䬂ৢ䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᷛᯊˈ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ 㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁՟হ 㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᣐ䷇ᄫ↡DŽ ƽЁ᭛ⱘᣐ䷇䕧ܹ⊩ `` 义 ƽ∝䇁䆡⦄ ҷ∝䇁䆡!Ёˈᙼ䖬ৃҹ˖ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
䚼佪ヨߦ ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶∝ᄫNj࿀njDŽ ᣝ 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Nj⦄ҷ∝䇁䆡njDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ䚼佪ヨߦDŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ё 䚼佪ヨߦDŽ 䕧ܹ䚼佪ヨߦ᭄Nj njৢˈ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ ৢᣝ 䬂DŽ 䕧ܹ䚼佪ヨߦ᭄Nj nj 䬂䗝ᢽ䚼佪Njཇnj 䬂ˈⳈᣝ ऍ䜡䚼佪݅ Ͼ ݊Ёⱘ Ͼᰃヺড়㽕∖ⱘDŽ
ܝᷛ䏇ࠄᘏヨߦऎDŽ ᰒ⼎߮ᠡ䗝ᢽⱘ䚼佪DŽ 䕧ܹNj࿀njⱘᘏヨߦ᭄Nj njDŽ ᣝ ᣝ ∝䇁䆡 䕧ܹᘏヨߦ᭄Nj nj 䬂DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽNj࿀njৢᣝ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ ऍ䜡∝ᄫ݅ Ͼ ݊Ёⱘ Ͼᰃヺড়㽕∖ⱘDŽ
ᶹ䆶᭛ᄫ߫ऎЁᰒ⼎߮ᠡ䗝ᢽⱘ∝ ᄫNj࿀njDŽ ᣝ 䬂ˈ䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᷛᯊˈ㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ ⫼䇁՟হ㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 z䚼佪ヨߦऎৃݙ䕧ܹヨߦ a ߦDŽ zᘏヨߦ᭄ऎৃݙ䕧ܹヨߦ a ߦDŽ zᶹ䆶᭛ᄫ߫ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ∝ᄫDŽ z∝ᄫⱘ䚼佪ձ䆡ⱘϡৠӮ᳝ᏂᓖDŽ z∝ᄫⱘヨߦ᭄⊩ݭϡৠгӮ᳝ᏂᓖDŽ
㊞ᶹ䆶 ϡ㛑⹂ᅮᶤऩ䆡ⱘᣐ䷇ᯊ ৃҹՓ⫼㊞ᶹ䆶DŽ ƵᔧᶤϾᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ⫼Nj"njҷ᳓ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᣐ䷇ᄫ↡DŽ ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᶤϾᄫ↡DŽ Ļ ]DŶEŶQĺ]D"E"Q ∝䇁䆡 Ƶᔧᶤѯᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ⫼Nj njҷ᳓ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᣐ䷇ᄫ↡DŽ ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᶤѯᄫ↡DŽ Ļ ]DŶ ŶQĺ]D Q ᣝ 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Nj⦄ҷ∝䇁䆡njDŽ ϡ㛑⹂ᅮℷ⹂ᣐ䷇ⱘԡ㕂Ϟ䕧ܹ 䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ 䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj zབԩ䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ zབԩ䕧᯳ܹোNj nj ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ
ᣝ 䬂 䖯ܹヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡ৢᣝ 䬂 Ⳉᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᷛ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᯊˈ㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁 ՟হ㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡ ࣙNj"njNj nj DŽ ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ䯂োNj"njˈऩ䆡ЁⱘϔϾᄫ↡ϡ㛑ᰃ䯂 োNj"njDŽ ƽऩ䆡Ёা㛑䕧ܹϔϾ᯳োNj njDŽ ƽ䕧ܹⱘऩ䆡Ёϡ㛑ৠᯊ䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ ƽབᵰヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩЁࣙ ϾҹϞⱘऩ䆡ᯊˈাӮᰒ⼎ࠡ Ͼऩ䆡DŽབᵰথ⫳䖭ḋⱘᚙˈމ䇋ݡ䕧ܹϔѯᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ҹ㓽ᇣᶹ 䆶㣗ೈDŽ ƽབᵰাⶹ䘧ऩ䆡ⱘࠡϾᄫ↡ˈৃܜ䕧ܹᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ˈݡҢ⏙ऩ⬏䴶Ё 䗝পऩ䆡ᑊᶹ䆶݊㾷䞞DŽ
ᶹ䆶᮹᭛ऩ䆡ⱘЁ᭛䞞Н ᮹∝䕲 ᮹∝䕲!Ёˈᶹ䆶Ꮖⶹ᮹᭛ऩ䆡ⱘЁ᭛䞞НDŽ ؛ৡᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶Nj߆ࠎ߈ࠀ߁✭ޣᕆޤnjⱘЁ᭛䞞НDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᰃҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Nj᮹∝䕲njDŽ ᮹∝䕲 ⹂䅸ܝᷛᰃ৺ ؛ৡᶹ䆶ऎݙDŽ 䕧ܹNj߆ࠎ߈ࠀnjDŽ ሣᐩϞߎ⦄ϔӑ 㸹ऩ䆡⏙ऩDŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ ᣝ䆡Nj߆ࠎ߈ࠀ߁✭ޣᕆޤnjDŽ 䬂DŽ ᣝ䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ
ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 `` 义᪡䇈ᯢ 䚼佪gᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 `` 义᪡䇈ᯢ 㣅᭛ᣐݭᶹ䆶 `` 义᪡䇈ᯢ ƽ؛ৡᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ᮹᭛؛ৡDŽ ƽ᮹᭛ⱘ䕧ܹᮍ⊩ `` 义 ƽ䕧ܹ᳝Nj njⱘ䆡ᴵᯊ ҹNjDQGnjҷП䕧ܹDŽ ƽ᮹∝䕲 ᮹∝䕲!Ёˈᙼ䖬ৃҹ˖ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
䞡㽕ऩ䆡থ䷇ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ᮹᭛ऩ䆡DŽ ՟ Nj߈ࠇnjDŽ 䬂 ᣝ䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᮹∝䕲 Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᷛৢ ݡᣝϔ 䬂 ेৃপ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘথ䷇DŽ བᵰऩ䆡᳝⾡䇏䷇ Ӯߎ⦄ ᷛDŽ ՟ Njߘ߁ ߐ߁ ޣὼ߁ޤnjDŽ ᣝऩ䆡ᮕⱘ 䬂ৢ ᣝݡᣝϔ ᷛDŽ ᷛড咥DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ ᷛৢ 䬂 ेৃপ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘⳌᑨথ䷇DŽ
ᶹ䆶Ё᭛ⱘ᮹᭛䞞Н ∝᮹䕲ࠢ 䊤䉡䊮Ё᮹䕲!Ёˈৃҹᶹ䆶Ё᭛ⱘ᮹᭛䞞НDŽ ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ՟ ᶹ䆶∝ᄫNj乥nj ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᰃҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njࠢ䊤䉡䊮Ё᮹䕲njDŽ 䕧ܹ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ∝ᄫᣐ䷇DŽ ᣝ 䕧ܹNjSLQnjᶹ䆶DŽ ⱘ∝ᄫDŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶 ᷛ㸼⼎ৃҹᣝ 䬂Ϟϟ㗏ሣDŽ
ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ∝ᄫⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᷛ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᯊˈ㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹∝ᄫⱘᛃ⫼䇁 ՟হ㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 䚼佪 ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 `` 义᪡䇈ᯢ ∝᮹䆡 ƽЁ᭛ⱘᣐ䷇䕧ܹ⊩ `` 义 ƽ∝᮹䕲ࠢ 䊤䉡䊮Ё᮹䕲!Ёˈ䖬ৃҹ˖ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
ᶹ䆶㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ䞞Н 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡!Ёˈᙼৃҹᶹ䆶ࠄ㣅᭛Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ 䞞Нˈᑊৃপऩ䆡ⱘথ䷇DŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡njDŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ё ऩ䆡ᶹ䆶DŽ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ㣅᭛ऩ䆡DŽ ՟བˈ䕧ܹNjJHWnjDŽ ᣝ 䆡DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ ᷛ㸼⼎ৃҹᣝ 䬂Ϟϟ㗏ሣDŽ
ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᷛ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᯊˈ㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁 ՟হ㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ƽ㣅᭛ⱘ䕧ܹᮍᓣ `` 义 ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽ䕧ܹऩ䆡Ёˈ䇋ⳕ⬹Nj 䖲ᄫヺ njঞNj ぎḐ njDŽ ՟ NjGHHS VHWnjėNjGHHSVHWnj DŽ ƽ䕧ܹ᳝Nj njⱘ䆡ᴵᯊ ҹNjDQGnjҷП䕧ܹDŽ ƽ㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡!Ё ᙼ䖬ৃҹ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
䞡㽕ऩ䆡থ䷇ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡DŽ ՟ NjJRRGE\HnjDŽ 䬂 ᣝ䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᷛৢ ݡᣝϔ 䬂 ेৃপ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘথ䷇DŽ བᵰऩ䆡᳝⾡䇏䷇ Ӯߎ⦄ ᷛDŽ ՟ NjGHIHQFHnjDŽ ᣝऩ䆡ᮕⱘ ᣝ ᷛDŽ 䬂ৢ ᷛড咥DŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ ᷛৢ ݡᣝϔ 䬂 ेৃপ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘⳌᑨথ䷇DŽ
㊞ᶹ䆶 ϡ㛑⹂ᅮᶤऩ䆡ⱘᣐݭᯊ ৃҹՓ⫼㊞ᶹ䆶DŽ ƵᔧᶤϾᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ⫼Nj"njҷ᳓ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᣐݭᄫ↡DŽ ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᶤϾᄫ↡DŽ Ļ VXEŶUGLŶŶWHĺVXE"UGL""WH Ƶᔧᶤѯᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ⫼Nj njҷ᳓ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᣐݭᄫ↡DŽ ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᶤѯᄫ↡DŽ Ļ ᣝ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 VXEŶ ŶWHĺVXE WH 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡nj ϡ㛑⹂ᅮℷ⹂ᣐⱘݭԡ㕂Ϟ䕧ܹ 䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ 䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj zབԩ䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ zབԩ䕧᯳ܹোNj nj ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ
ᣝ 䬂 䖯ܹヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ 䆡ৢᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡ ࣙNj"njNj nj DŽ ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ䯂োNj"njˈऩ䆡ЁⱘϔϾᄫ↡ϡ㛑ᰃ䯂 োNj"njDŽ ƽऩ䆡Ёা㛑䕧ܹϔϾ᯳োNj njDŽ ƽ䕧ܹⱘऩ䆡Ёϡ㛑ৠᯊ䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ ƽབᵰヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩЁࣙ ϾҹϞⱘऩ䆡ᯊˈাӮᰒ⼎ࠡ Ͼऩ䆡DŽབᵰথ⫳䖭ḋⱘᚙˈމ䇋ݡ䕧ܹϔѯᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ҹ㓽ᇣᶹ 䆶㣗ೈDŽ ƽབᵰᙼাⶹ䘧ऩ䆡ⱘࠡϾᄫ↡ˈৃܜ䕧ܹᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ݡҢ⏙ऩ⬏䴶Ё 䗝পऩ䆡ᑊᶹ䆶݊㾷䞞DŽ
Ẕᶹ㣅᭛ᣐ ݭ6SHOO &KHFN ৃ䅽ᙼẔᶹ䕧ܹऩ䆡ⱘᣐݭᰃ৺ℷ⹂DŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡njDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ6SHOO &KHFNDŽ 䕧ܹ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘᣐݭᄫ↡DŽ ՟བˈ䕧ܹNjDLODQGnj ऩ䆡ⱘℷ⹂ᣐݭᰃNjLVODQGnj DŽ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ᣝ 䬂DŽ ≵᳝ヺড়NjDLODQGnjऩ䆡ˈ 䖯ܹᙼৃ㛑㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ Ćབᵰ≵᳝ヺড়ᙼᶹ䆶ᴵӊⱘऩ䆡ˈሣᐩ ϞӮᰒ⼎᮴䆹ऩ䆡ⱘⳌ݇䌘᭭ⱘֵᙃDŽ ℸֵᙃ⍜༅ৢˈᘶࠄᙼ⬏ⱘࠡܜ䴶DŽ ᣝऩ䆡ৢᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘℷ⹂ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ
䖯ܹNjLVODQGnjⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᷛᯊˈ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ 㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁՟হ 㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 ƽ6SHOO &KHFNऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽ6SHOO &KHFNऎ䕧ܹⱘऩ䆡Ёϡ㛑䕧ܹヺোNj njDŽ ƽ䕧ܹऩ䆡ᯊˈ䇋ⳕ⬹Nj 䖲ᄫヺ njঞNj ぎḐ njDŽ ՟ NjGHHS VHWnjėNjGHHSVHWnj DŽ ՟ NjJHW XSnjėNjJHWXSnj DŽ
ᛃ⫼䇁ᶹ䆶 ᙼৃҹᶹ䆶ᶤϔϾऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁䞞НDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡njDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽᛃ⫼䇁ᶹ䆶DŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ёᛃ⫼䇁ᶹ䆶DŽ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 䕧ܹᙼᛇ㽕ᶹ䆶ᛃ⫼䇁Ё ࣙⱘ㣅᭛ऩ䆡DŽ ՟ ᶹ䆶NjJHWnjⱘᛃ⫼䇁 NjJHW DERXWnj 䕧ܹNjJHWnjDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹNjJHWnjⱘᛃ⫼䇁⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ 䇁ৢᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘᛃ⫼ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ
䖯ܹᙼ᠔䗝ᢽⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ƽᛃ⫼䇁ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽᶹ䆶ϸϾ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ҹϞⱘ䆡㒘ᯊˈ䇋䕧ܹNj njᴹ䖲ऩ䆡DŽ ƽᶹ䆶ᛃ⫼䇁ᯊ 䕧ܹⱘऩ䆡Ёϡ㛑䕧ܹ䯂োNj˛nj᯳োNj njDŽ ƽབᵰヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘᛃ⫼䇁⏙ऩЁࣙ ϾҹϞⱘᛃ⫼䇁ᯊˈাӮᰒ⼎ ࠡ Ͼᛃ⫼䇁DŽབᵰথ⫳䖭ḋⱘᚙˈމ䇋ݡࡴ䕧ܹϔѯᏆⶹ䘧ⱘऩ䆡 ҹ㓽ᇣᶹ䆶㣗ೈDŽ
՟হᶹ䆶 ᙼৃҹᶹ䆶ᶤϔϾऩ䆡ⱘ᠔᳝՟হ⫼⊩DŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡njDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ՟হᶹ䆶DŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ёᛃ⫼䇁ᶹ䆶DŽ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 䕧ܹᙼᛇ㽕ᶹ䆶՟হЁࣙⱘ㣅᭛ऩ 䆡DŽ ՟ ᶹ䆶ࣙNjUHWXUQnjNjWRnj 㣅᭛ऩᄫⱘ՟হ 䕧ܹNjUHWXUQ WRnjDŽ 䬂DŽ ᣝ䖯ܹヺড়ⱘ՟হ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ হৢᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ՟ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䬂DŽ
䖯ܹᙼ᠔䗝ᢽⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ƽ՟হᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽᶹ䆶ϸϾ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ҹϞⱘ䆡㒘՟হᯊˈ䇋䕧ܹNj njᴹ䖲ऩ䆡DŽ ƽᶹ䆶՟হ䇁ᯊˈ䕧ܹⱘऩ䆡Ёϡ㛑䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ ƽབᵰヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘ՟হ⏙ऩЁࣙ ϾҹϞⱘ՟হᯊˈাӮᰒ⼎ࠡ Ͼ՟হDŽབᵰথ⫳䖭ḋⱘᚙˈމ䇋ݡ䕧ܹϔѯᏆⶹ䘧ⱘऩ䆡ҹ㓽ᇣᶹ 䆶㣗ೈDŽ
ᶹ䆶Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ㣅᭛䞞Н Փ⫼∝㣅䕲∝ 㣅䕲ˈ!ᶹ䆶Ё᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ㣅᭛䞞НDŽ Ё᭛ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Nj∝㣅䕲 Ѡ⠜ njDŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ё ᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶DŽ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ∝ᄫDŽ ՟ ᶹ䆶∝ᄫNjᣐnj ∝㣅䕲 ՟བˈ䕧ܹNjSLQnjᶹ䆶DŽ Ćϡ㛑⹂ᅮᶤऩ䆡ⱘᣐ䷇ᯊ Փ⫼ ㊞ᶹ䆶`` 义᪡䇈ᯢ ᣝ ∝ᄫDŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ
ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ Ć⬏䴶Ϟߎ⦄ ᷛ ᯊˈ㸼⼎ৃᶹ䆶䆹ऩ䆡ⱘᛃ⫼䇁ǃ ՟হǃ㾷䞞DŽ`` 义 䚼佪 ᘏヨߦᶹ䆶 `` 义᪡䇈ᯢ ƽЁ᭛ⱘᣐ䷇䕧ܹ⊩ `` 义 ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽ∝㣅䕲∝ 㣅䕲!Ёˈᙼ䖬ৃҹ˖ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
ᶹ䆶ᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛ ᣝ 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛ݠnjDŽ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ㣅᭛ऩ䆡DŽ ᣝ ՟ 䕧ܹNjDQ\WKLQJnjDŽ ᷛ㸼⼎ৃҹᣝ 䬂Ϟϟ㗏ሣDŽ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᄺ㣅䇁 ƽ㣅᭛ⱘ䕧ܹᮍᓣ `` 义 ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡DŽ ƽ䕧ܹऩ䆡Ёˈ䇋ⳕ⬹Nj 䖲ᄫヺ njঞNj ぎḐ njDŽ ՟ NjZHOO NQRZQnjėNjZHOONQRZQnj DŽ ƽᄺ㣅䇁 ᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛!ݠЁˈᙼ䖬ৃҹ˖ ƹ㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ `` 义 ƹᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ `` 义 ƹऩ䆡д `` 义 ƹ䏇ᶹ݊ᅗⱘऩ䆡 `` 义
㊞ᶹ䆶 ϡ㛑⹂ᅮᶤऩ䆡ⱘᣐݭᯊ ৃҹՓ⫼㊞ᶹ䆶DŽ ƵᔧᶤϾᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ⫼Nj"njҷ᳓ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᣐݭᄫ↡DŽ ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᶤϾᄫ↡DŽ Ļ VXEŶUGLŶŶWHĺVXE"UGL""WH Ƶᔧᶤѯᄫ↡ϡ⹂ᅮᯊ ⫼Nj njҷ᳓ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᣐݭᄫ↡DŽ ϡ⹂ᅮⱘᶤѯᄫ↡DŽ Ļ VXEŶ ŶWHĺVXE WH ᣝ 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Njᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛ݠnjDŽ 䬂DŽ
ϡ㛑⹂ᅮℷ⹂ᣐⱘݭԡ㕂Ϟ䕧ܹ 䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ zབԩ䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj 䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ zབԩ䕧᯳ܹোNj nj ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ 䬂 䖯ܹヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ 䆡ৢ ᣝ Ⳉᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ 䬂DŽ 䬂DŽDŽ 䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᄺ㣅䇁 ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼᄫ↡ ࣙNj"njNj nj DŽ ƽऩ䆡ᶹ䆶ऎݙ᳔ৃ䕧ܹ Ͼ䯂োNj"njˈऩ䆡ЁⱘϔϾᄫ↡ϡ㛑ᰃ䯂 োNj"njDŽ ƽऩ䆡Ёা㛑䕧ܹϔϾ᯳োNj njDŽ ƽ䕧ܹⱘऩ䆡Ёϡ㛑ৠᯊ䕧ܹ䯂োNj"nj᯳োNj njDŽ ƽབᵰヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩЁࣙ ϾҹϞⱘऩ䆡ᯊˈাӮᰒ⼎ࠡ Ͼऩ䆡DŽབᵰথ⫳䖭ḋⱘᚙˈމ䇋ݡ䕧ܹϔѯᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ҹ㓽ᇣᶹ 䆶㣗ೈDŽ ƽབᵰᙼাⶹ䘧ऩ䆡ⱘࠡϾᄫ↡ˈৃܜ䕧ܹᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ݡҢ⏙ऩ⬏䴶Ё 䗝পऩ䆡ᑊᶹ䆶݊㾷䞞DŽ
䆡ᶹ䆶 䆡ᶹ䆶ᓣЁ 䕧ܹᶤϔ㣅䇁ǃ᮹䇁Ё᭛ऩ䆡ᯊ ৃҹᇚϡৠ䆡Ё ⱘⳌ݇ऩ䆡ৠᯊẔ㋶ߎᴹDŽ 䗮䖛㣅䇁ᶹ䆶ǃᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶ǃ᮹䇁ᶹ䆶ᮍᓣৃᶹ䆶ࠄҹϟⱘ䆡 ƽ㣅䇁ᶹ䆶 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ᄺ㣅䇁 ᮹∝䕲 ᑓ䕲㢥 㣅᭛ ƽᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶 ∝㣅䕲∝ 䇁䆡∝ ᮹䆡 ƽ᮹䇁ᶹ䆶 ᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹∝䕲 Ćऩ䆡䕧ܹⱘ䰤ࠊџ乍ㄝ 䇋খ㗗䆡ᓣⱘⳌ݇䇈ᯢDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ҢⳂᔩ⬏䴶Ё䗝ᢽ Nj䆡ᶹ䆶nj ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕䕧ܹⱘᶹ䆶ऎඳDŽ 䕧ܹ㣅᭛ 䇋䗝ᢽNj㣅䇁ᶹ䆶nj 䕧ܹЁ᭛ 䇋䗝ᢽNjᣐ䷇ᶹ䆶nj 䕧ܹ᮹᭛ 䇋䗝ᢽNj᮹䇁ᶹ䆶nj ƽ᮴⊩䕧ܹNj"njǃNj njǃNj nj䖯㸠ᶹ䆶DŽ
՟ 䕧ܹNjRUGHUnjᶹ䆶 䗝ᢽ㣅䇁ᶹ䆶ˈ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ㣅᭛ऩ䆡ৢˈ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ⹂䅸ᰃ৺䗝Ё㣅䇁ᶹ 䆶ᑊ䕧ܹNjRUGHUnjDŽ 䖯ܹৃՓ⫼ⱘ䆡⏙ऩ⬏䴶ৢˈ 䬂䗝ᢽ ᣝ 㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ䆡ᣝ 䬂ˈ ᣝ a 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ 䬂ৢ ݡᣝ 䬂ৃ䗝 Ćᣝ ᢽᶹⳟࠡϔϾৢϔϾऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞DŽ `` 义 䆡ᶹ䆶 ƽ䕧ܹ᳝Nj njⱘ䆡ᴵᯊ ҹNjDQGnjҷП䕧ܹDŽ ƽབᵰヺড়䕧ܹᴵӊⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩЁࣙ ϾҹϞⱘऩ䆡ᯊˈাӮᰒ⼎ࠡ Ͼऩ䆡DŽབᵰথ⫳䖭ḋⱘᚙˈމ䇋ݡࡴ䕧ܹϔѯᏆⶹ䘧ⱘᄫ↡ҹ㓽 ᇣᶹ䆶㣗ೈDŽ
㓽ᬒᄫԧᇣ ᔧሣᐩᰒ⼎㾷䞞⬏䴶ऩ䆡⏙ऩ⬏䴶ᯊ ᙼৃҹḍ䳔∖ᣝ ϞⱘᄫԧᇣDŽ 䬂ᬍবሣᐩ Ƶ㾷䞞⬏䴶ⱘᄫԧ㓽ᬒ ƹ㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 GRWV GRWV GRWV ƹ᮹᮹䆡ǃ∝䇁䆡ǃ᮹∝䕲ǃ∝᮹䆡ǃ∝㣅䆡ǃ ᄺ㣅䇁 GRWV GRWV
Ƶ⏙ऩ⬏䴶ⱘᄫԧ㓽ᬒ ሣᐩᰒ⼎ऩ䆡⏙ऩ⬏䴶ᯊ ҙ㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ৃᬍবሣᐩϞⱘᄫԧᇣDŽ GRWV GRWV ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑
ᶹ䆶᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡 ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ ᴀᴎ఼㞾ࡼֱᄬᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡DŽ ᳔ৃ䆄ᔩ Ͼ᠔᳝䕲ᓣЁᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡DŽ zᔧᛇ⹂ݡ䅸ࠡܜ᠔ᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡ᯊˈৃⳈҢᶹ䆶䆄ᔩЁ䗝প䖯㸠DŽ z㢹䍙䖛 Ͼᶹ䆶䆄ᔩˈᇚձᑣ⬅᳔ֱܜᄬⱘऩ䆡ᓔྟ䖯㸠ߴ䰸DŽ zᣝ 䬂ेৃᶹⳟᔧNjᔧࠡ䆡nj᳒㒣ᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡ঞ݊㾷䞞DŽ ᣝ ৢݡᣝ ˈेৃᶹⳟNj᠔᳝䆡nj᳒㒣ᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡ঞ݊㾷 䞞DŽ ᔧࠡ䆡Ёⱘऩ䆡ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ 䖯ܹϔϾ䆡ˈৢᣝ ᣝ䆡DŽᣝ 䬂DŽ ᰒ⼎㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡Ё ᳒㒣ᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ 䬂DŽ 䖯ܹऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᠔᳝䆡Ёⱘऩ䆡ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩ 䖯ܹϔϾ䆡ˈৢᣝ 䬂DŽ 䬂ৢݡᣝ ᰒ⼎᠔᳝ᶹ䖛ⱘ䆡ऩ䆡
ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡ৢ ᣝ 䬂ˈⳈᣝ 䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ a 䬂䖯ܹ ߴ䰸ᶹ䆶䆄ᔩЁⱘऩ䆡 Ƶߴ䰸ϔ乍᳒㒣ᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡䆄ᔩ ᣝᣝ ᣝ 䬂䖯ܹᶹ䆶䆄ᔩⱘ⬏䴶ৢˈ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ߴ䰸ⱘऩ䆡DŽ 䬂DŽ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznjࠄNjߴ䰸䗝Ё䌘 ᣝ᭭njৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ ሣᐩߎ⦄Njℷߴ䰸njֵᙃˈ 䖯㸠ߴ䰸ࡼDŽ Ƶߴ䰸᠔᳝䆡ᔧࠡ䆡᳒㒣ᶹ䆶䖛ⱘܼ䚼ऩ䆡䆄ᔩ ᣝᣝ 䬂䖯ܹᶹ䆶䆄ᔩⱘ⬏䴶ৢˈ 䬂DŽ Njᔧࠡ䆡njᶹ䆶䖛ⱘऩ䆡䆄ᔩ ܼ䚼ߴ䰸 ሣᐩߎ⦄Njℷߴ䰸njֵᙃ ֵᙃ⍜༅ ৢˈ㸼⼎ߴ䰸ᅠ៤DŽ ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj䗝ᢽࠄ㽕ߴ䰸ⱘ ᣝ乍Ⳃৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ Nj᠔᳝䆡njᶹ䆶䖛ⱘ ऩ䆡䆄ᔩܼ䚼ߴ䰸
ऩ䆡д ᔧᙼᶹ䆶ᯊˈৃҹᇚᙼᛇ㽕ⱘ䞡㽕ऩ䆡ǃᛃ⫼䇁՟হֱᄬᴀᴎ఼ⱘऩ 䆡дЁˈᮍ֓᮹ৢⱘ⌣㾜ϢᄺдDŽ ձ䇁㿔ߚ㉏ৢ ݡ䖯ܹऩ䆡ǃᛃ⫼ǃ՟হϝϾ乍Ⳃߚ߿ֱᄬ ᳔ৃֱᄬ ヨ䌘᭭DŽ z㣅䇁ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ᄺ㣅䇁 z∝䇁ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ ∝㣅䕲∝ 䇁䆡∝ ᮹䆡 z᮹䇁ऩ䆡 ᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹∝䕲 ֱᄬ㟇ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ ᙼᛇ㽕ֱᄬⱘऩ䆡ǃᛃ⫼՟হ㾷䞞⬏䴶ϟ ᣝ 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ ेৃֱᄬ䌘᭭DŽ 䬂DŽ ሣᐩϞӮᰒ⼎Njℷֱᄬ䌘᭭njˈ ⴔᰒ⼎Nj䌘᭭ᏆֱᄬnjDŽ ֵᙃ⍜༅ৢˈ㸼⼎Ꮖᅠ៤ֱᄬDŽ
ᶹ䆶᠔ֱᄬⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ 䬂ˈ⿏ࡼNjznj䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ䇁 㿔ৢˈݡᣝ 䬂 ᣝ 乍ⳂDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡DŽ 䬂ˈ䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑 ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ Ć䆒㕂ऩ䆡дᥦᑣ⊩`` 义
ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হࡴϞFKHFNPDUNᷛ䆄 ᙼৃҹᇚᏆ❳䆄ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হࠡࡴϞFKHFN PDUNᷛ䆄DŽ ᙼгৃҹձᏆࡴFKHFN PDUNⱘᷛ䆄䞡ᮄᥦ߫ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হDŽ`` 义 ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶䇁㿔ⱘ ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হৢ ݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ乍ⳂDŽ ᣝ ՟হDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ৢ ݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ƶ ݙ㹿ࡴ⊼њᷛ䆄5 Ćߴ䰸ᷛ䆄Ā5āᯊˈ䗝ᢽ㽕ߴ䰸ᷛ䆄ⱘऩ䆡 ՟হ ᛃ⫼DŽ ᣝ ৢˈᣝ 䬂ߴ䰸ᷛ䆄Ā5āDŽ
ߴ䰸Ꮖֱᄬⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ ߴ䰸ऩ乍ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ ᣝ ᣝ 䬂DŽ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇᠔㽕ᶹ䆶䇁㿔ⱘऩ 䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হৢ ݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ乍ⳂDŽ ᣝ ՟হDŽ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ᣝ 䬂ˈᇚNjznj⿏ࡼ㟇Njߴ䰸䗝Ё䌘 ᭭njৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ Ƶߴ䰸乍ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ ᙼৃҹϔߴ䰸Nj᳝ᷛ䆄Ā5āⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হnjNj䆹乍Ⳃϟⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ ⫼䇁 ՟হnjNj᠔᳝ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হnjDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑 ᣝ 䬂ˈ⿏ࡼNjznj䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ䇁㿔 䬂DŽ ऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হৢˈݡᣝ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼ ՟হ乍 ⳂDŽ
ᣝ 䬂DŽ Nj᳝ᷛ䆄Ā5āⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼䇁 ՟হnjⱘߴ䰸䗝乍 Nj䆹乍Ⳃϟⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼䇁 ՟ হnjⱘߴ䰸䗝乍 Nj᠔᳝䆡ⱘऩ䆡 ᛃ⫼䇁 ՟ হnjⱘߴ䰸䗝乍 ᣝ ৢˈᣝ 䬂ˈ⿏ࡼNjznj䗝ᢽ㽕ߴ䰸ᮍᓣ 䬂DŽ ሣᐩߎ⦄Njℷߴ䰸njֵᙃ ֵᙃ⍜༅ৢˈ 㸼⼎ߴ䰸ᅠ៤DŽ
䏇ᶹ݊ᅗऩ䆡 Ꮖ㦋ᕫⱘᶹ䆶㒧ᵰЁ ेՓ䘛ࠄ⫳䆡гৃҹ䗮䖛ㅔऩⱘ᪡ᮍᓣ Ⳍᑨ 䆡Ёᶹⳟ䆹⫳䆡ⱘ㾷䞞ǃ՟হㄝDŽ Ć㾷䞞⬏䴶Ё ߎ⦄Ö 㸼⼎䆹ऩ䆡ৃⳈ䏇ᶹ㟇ᔧࠡ䆡ⱘ䞞НDŽ ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶ϟˈᣝ 䬂ˈ ሣᐩϞߎ⦄ϔϾऩ䆡㹿ড咥DŽ Ćབᙼҙᛇ㽕ᇍ㾷䞞⬏䴶ϟⱘ㣅䇁ऩ䆡 䖯㸠䏇ᶹDŽ䇋ܜᣝ 䬂ৢ ݡᣝ 䬂DŽ ᣝ䆶ⱘऩ䆡DŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёᙼ㽕ᶹ 䗝ᢽ㽕䏇ᶹⱘऩ䆡DŽ 䬂DŽ ĆᙼгৃҹⳈᣝ ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃ ᠻ㸠Ⳍᑨ䆡ⱘऩ䆡䏇ᶹ ᄺ㣅䇁ঞ∝䇁䆡䇋ᣝ ǃ ݊ᅗᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑 ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽ ᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘ䆡DŽ ǃ 䬂 䬂ৢˈݡᣝ 䬂䖯ܹDŽ
ᣝ 䬂DŽ ᔧNjℷ䏇ᶹnjֵᙃ⍜༅ৢˈ䖯ܹヺড়ᶹ䆶 ᴵӊⱘऩ䆡⏙ऩDŽ ᣝ 䬂䗝ᢽᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡DŽ 䬂DŽ ᣝሣᐩϞ䖯ܹऩ䆡㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ƽ䖲㓁䏇ᶹⱘ᳔᭄ DŽ ƽᔧᙼᏆ䗝ᢽ䏇ᶹऩ䆡ᯊ ᮴⊩䖯㸠ᄫԧᇣ㓽ᬒ `` 义 Ϣ㗏义 ࡳ㛑DŽབ㽕䖯㸠ᄫԧᇣ㓽ᬒϢ㗏义ࡳ㛑 䇋ᣝ 䬂প⍜ऩ ᰃ 䆡ড咥⢊ᗕDŽ ƽḍ㹿ড咥ᷛ⼎ⱘऩ䆡䇁⾡ⱘϡৠৃ䏇ᶹⱘ䆡ᓣгӮϡৠDŽ lj᮹᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ䏇ᶹNJ ড咥ᷛ⼎ⱘऩ䆡 ᮹᭛؛ৡ Ё᭛∝ᄫ ᮹∝ᄫ ৃ䏇ᶹⱘ䆡ᓣ ᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹∝䕲 ∝㣅䕲∝ ᮹䆡∝ 䇁䆡 ᑓ䕲㢥 ᮹∝䆡 lj㣅᭛ऩ䆡ⱘ䏇ᶹNJ ড咥ᷛ⼎ⱘऩ䆡 㣅᭛ᄫ ৃ䏇ᶹⱘ䆡ᓣ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ᄺ㣅䇁
Փ⫼䅵ㅫ఼ ᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲ݙᓎⱘ䅵ㅫ఼ЎЎ ԡ᭄ᰒ⼎ˈৃ䖯㸠ᴀಯ߭䖤ㅫ ࡴǃޣǃЬǃ 䰸䖤ㅫ ǃᐌ᭄䖤ㅫǃ䆄ᖚ䖤ㅫDŽ 䅵ㅫ఼ⱘᣝ䬂䜡㕂˖ ᣝ 䬂ৢݡᣝ 䖯ܹ䅵ㅫ఼ⱘ⬏䴶DŽ 䬂ˈ བᵰᙼ㽕ذℶՓ⫼䅵ㅫ఼ˈ 䬂DŽ ᣝ 䅵ㅫࡳ㛑
ᴀಯ߭䖤ㅫ Փ⫼ࠡ䇋ܜᣝ 䬂ˈՓ䅵ㅫ఼ᔦ䳊DŽ 䕧ܹ㽕䅵ㅫⱘ᭄ᄫˈᑊᣝ ǃ ǃ ܹᅠ↩ৢᣝ ǃ 䬂ᠻ㸠ಯ߭䖤ㅫDŽ䕧 䬂ˈेৃ㦋ᕫ䖤ㅫ㒧ᵰDŽ 䆩ㅫ乬Ⳃ ᪡ᣝ䬂 ᰒ⼎ؐ [ ¶ ᐌ᭄䖤ㅫ 䕧᭄ܹᄫˈᑊᣝ ӏϔ䬂ϸˈ߭䖭Ͼ᭄ ᄫ֓Ӯϟᴹⱘ᪡Ёᔧخᅮؐ䖤ㅫDŽ 䕧ܹᅠ↩ৢᣝ 䬂ˈेৃ㦋ᕫ䖤ㅫ㒧ᵰDŽ 䆩ㅫ乬Ⳃ ᪡ᣝ䬂 [ [ ᰒ⼎ؐ . . .
䆄ᖚ䖤ㅫ ᙼৃ߽⫼ҹϟᣝ䬂ᠻ㸠䆄ᖚ䖤ㅫDŽ ˖ࡴϞټᄬ఼Ёⱘ᭄ؐDŽ ˖ޣএټᄬ఼Ёⱘ᭄ؐDŽ ˖ᰒ⼎ټᄬ఼Ёⱘ᭄ؐDŽ ˖⏙䰸ټᄬ఼ⱘݙ᭄ؐDŽ 䆩ㅫ乬Ⳃ ƽড়䅵䖤ㅫ ᪡ᣝ䬂 ᰒ⼎ؐ 0 [ 0 [ ড়䅵 0 0 0 0 0 [ ƽᑨ⫼䖤ㅫ · · 䅵ㅫࡳ㛑
ℷ䫭䇃㸼䖒ᓣ ƵℷᏆ䕧ܹⱘ᭄ᄫ ᣝ 䬂ৃᇚᙼ䕧ܹⱘ᭄ᄫᘶЎ DŽ ݡ䕧ܹᙼ㽕䖤ㅫⱘ᭄ᄫDŽ ƵℷᏆ䕧ܹⱘ䖤ㅫヺো བᵰ㽕বᙼ䕧ܹⱘ䖤ㅫヺোˈݡᣝϔℷ⹂ⱘ䖤ㅫヺোेৃDŽ Ƶ⏙䰸㸼䖒ᓣ ᣝ 䬂ৃ⏙䰸ᙼ䕧ܹⱘ㸼䖒ᓣDŽ 䍙ߎ䖤ㅫᆍ䞣ヺোĀ(āᰒ⼎ 䍙ߎ䖤ㅫᆍ䞣 ヺোĀ(āᰒ⼎ ҹϟ᪡ᮍ⊩ˈ⬏䴶ϞӮᰒ⼎ヺো(DŽ Ƶ䅵ㅫЁ㦋ᕫП㒧ᵰ᭄ؐⱘ䍙䖛 ԡ᭄ᯊ 䆩ㅫ乬Ⳃ ᪡ᣝ䬂 [ ̯ ܚғ ϛ ᰒ⼎ؐ ( Ƶ䆄ᖚ䖤ㅫϟ ᄬ఼ټЁ᠔ټᄬⱘ᭄ؐ䍙䖛कѠԡ᭄ᯊ Ƶᔧ䘆㸠བ ㄝ䰸⊩ᰖ ƽᔧ⬏䴶Ϟᰒ⼎䫭䇃ヺো ( ᯊˈᣝ 䬂ৃ⏙䰸䫭䇃ˈᑊ㒻㓁ᠻ㸠䖤ㅫDŽ 䬂 䅵ㅫ఼⬏䴶Ӯ⍜༅ 㒧ᴳ䅵ㅫ఼᪡ࡳ㛑DŽ ƽᣝ
ব㋏㒳䆒㕂 ㋏㒳䆒㕂᳝݅Ѩ乍ˈৃկᙼ㞾㸠ব䆒㕂ҹ䖒ࠄᙼⱘ䳔∖Փ⫼дᛃDŽ ᙼৃᣝ✻ሣᐩϞᰒ⼎ⱘ᪡ᣛ⼎ব䆒㕂DŽ ᣝ 䬂ेৃᠻ㸠㋏㒳䆒㕂DŽ ሣᐩϞᇚ䖯ܹ㋏㒳䆒㕂⬏䴶 ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇ᙼ㽕ব ⱘ乍Ⳃৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ 䆒㕂ᣝ䬂ໄડ ℸ乍䆒㕂ৃ䅽ᙼᓔਃ݇䯁ᣝ䬂ໄડDŽᴀ乍䆒㕂ⱘߎॖ咬䅸ؐЎNj2))njDŽ 21 ᓔਃᣝ䬂ໄડDŽ 2)) ݇䯁ᣝ䬂ໄડDŽ ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇Nj21njNj2))njৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ ㋏㒳䆒㕂 䆒㕂ᇍ↨ᑺ ℸ乍䆒㕂ৃ䅽ᙼৃ䆒ᅮሣᐩⱘᇍ↨ᑺDŽ ᣝ ᣝ 䬂䇗ᭈད⬏䴶ⱘᇍ↨ᑺৢˈ 䬂DŽ ᇚ⬏䴶䇗⎵ ᯢ DŽ ᇚ⬏䴶䇗⌧ ᱫ DŽ
䆒㕂㞾ࡼ݇ᴎ ℸ乍䆒㕂ৃ䅽ᙼᣛᅮ㞾ࡼ݇ᴎⱘᯊ䯈DŽᴀ乍䆒㕂ⱘߎॖ咬䅸ؐЎNj ߚ䩳njDŽ ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇ᣛᅮད㞾ࡼ݇ ᴎⱘᯊ䯈ৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ 䆒㕂ᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶 ℸ乍䆒㕂ৃ䅽ᙼᓔਃ݇䯁ᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑DŽᴀ乍䆒㕂ⱘߎॖ咬䅸ؐЎ Nj21njDŽ ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇ᙼ㽕ⱘNj21njNj2))njৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ 21 ↣䕧ܹϔϾᣐ䷇ᣐݭᄫ↡ৢˈ ⬏䴶乘ܜᰒ⼎ヺড়䕧ܹᄫ↡ⱘ㸹ऩ䆡⏙ஂDŽ 䕧ܹऩ䆡ᣐ䷇ᣐݭᄫ↡ৢˈ 2)) ᠡ䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ Ƶᖿ䗳ᶹ䆶2))ᯊ 䕧ܹᙼ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡ᣐ䷇ᣐݭDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ䖯ܹ䖥Ѣ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ⏙ऩ⬏䴶DŽ ĆབᵰাᡒࠄϔϾⳌヺⱘ㒧ᵰˈⳈ䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶DŽ ᣝ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ሣᐩϞे䖯ܹ䆹ऩ䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶 䬂䗝ᢽ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ䆡DŽ
䆒㕂ऩ䆡дᥦᑣ⊩ ℸ乍䆒㕂ৃ䅽ᙼ䗝ᢽNjऩ䆡дnjNjᛃ⫼䇁д ՟হдnjⱘᥦᑣᮍ⊩DŽ ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj䗝ᢽNjऩ䆡дnj Njᛃ⫼䇁д ՟হдnjৢˈᣝ 䬂DŽ ऩ䆡д ߽⫼ ৢˈ ᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇ᙼ㽕ⱘᥦᑣᮍ⊩ 䬂DŽ ᛃ⫼䇁д ՟হд ߽⫼ ৢˈᣝ 䬂⿏ࡼNjznj㟇ᙼ㽕ⱘᥦᑣᮍ⊩ 䬂DŽ ㋏㒳䆒㕂
䕲кⱘ⠜ᴗ lj㨫ᴗⳌ݇џ乍NJ ᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲᠔ᬊᔩⱘ䕲кഛ⬅ϟ߫ߎ⠜⼒ᦤկ⠜ᴗˈᑊߎ⠜⼒ⱘ ᬃᣕϟᭈ⧚ᅠ៤DŽ ᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲᠔ᬊᔩ䕲кⱘ䚼ߚܼ䚼ˈӏԩҎϡᕫҹӏԩᮍᓣ䕀䕑䕀ॄDŽ ˈ䰸⫼᠋ϾҎℷᔧՓ⫼ˈᣝlj㨫ᴗ⊩NJⱘ㾘ᅮˈӏԩҎ≵᳝পᕫ Ⳍ݇ߎ⠜⼒ঞव㽓݀ৌⱘ䆌ৃᯊˈϡᕫ䱣ᛣ߽⫼ᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲᠔ᬊᔩⱘݙ ᆍ⫼Ѣ݊ᅗⳂⱘˈᭀ䇋⊼ᛣDŽ lj݊ᅗ⊼ᛣџ乍NJ ⬅Ѣ⬉ᄤ䕲ᴀ䑿ⱘሔ䰤ᗻˈᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲᠔ᬊᔩ䕲кⱘݙᆍঞ㓪ᥦᔶᓣϢॄ ࠋ⠜ᴀϾ߿ഄᮍϞ᳝䆌ᏂᓖDŽ䕲кⱘݙᆍঞ㓪ᥦᔶᓣⱘϾ߿ᬍবഛᏆ 㦋ᕫߎ⠜⼒ⱘ䆌ৃϢৠᛣDŽ ˈߎ⠜⼒᳝ᯊӮḍ⼒Ӯ⦄ᅲᚙⱘމᬍব㗠䇗ᭈॄࠋ⠜ᴀЁⱘϾ߿ഄ ᮍDŽव㽓㛑ঞᯊᇍᑨⱘˈᭀ䇋䇙㾷DŽ ᴀ⬉ᄤ䕲᠔ᬊᔩⱘ䕲кᰃ⬅ߎ⠜⼒ḍॄࠋ⠜ᴀҹ⬉ᄤ᭄ⱘᔶᓣᦤկ ⱘDŽᇍѢ䕲кЁৃ㛑ߎ⦄ⱘ䫭䇃Ϣ⭣ⓣˈᴀ݀ৌϡќ䋳䋷ˈᭀ䇋䇙㾷DŽ 㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡 ƽᳫ᭛㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡 Ѡ⠜ /RQJPDQ $FWLYH 6WXG\ (QJOLVK &KLQHVH 'LFWLRQDU\ 6HFRQG (GLWLRQ ! /RQJPD
Ć⠛ǃ✻⠛ǃ㸼Ḑǃ䚼ߚ䰘ᔩᬊᔩDŽᬊᔩ䆡᭄㑺 ᴵDŽ Ć㑺 Ͼ䞡㽕ऩ䆡䰘থ䷇ࡳ㛑ˈ䞛⫼ⱘᰃ/RQJPDQ 'LFWLRQDU\ RI &RQWHPSRUDU\ (QJOLVK )RXUWK (GLWLRQ ⱘ㕢ᓣ㣅䇁থ䷇DŽ 3HDUVRQ (GXFDWLRQ /LPLWHG ∝㣅䕲 ƽ∝㣅䕲 Ѡ⠜ ߎ⠜⼒ Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺߎ⠜⼒ Ćᴀкӏԩ䚼ߚ᭛ᄫঞ⠛ བ㦋ᕫϞ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺߎ⠜⼒к䴶ৠᛣ ϡᕫ⫼ ӏԩᮍᓣᡘ㺁ǃ㡖ᔩ㗏ॄDŽ Ć㸼Ḑⱘ䚼ߚᬊᔩDŽᬊᔩऩᄫᴵⳂ㑺 ᴵǃᄫᴵⳂ㑺 ϛᴵDŽ ᄺ㣅䇁 ƽᄺ㣅䇁䆡∛ ݠಯ⠜ ߎ⠜⼒ Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺߎ⠜⼒ Ćᴀкӏԩ䚼ߚ᭛ᄫঞ⠛ བ㦋ᕫϞ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺߎ⠜⼒к䴶ৠᛣ ϡᕫ⫼ ӏԩᮍᓣᡘ㺁ǃ㡖ᔩ㗏ॄDŽ Ć㸼Ḑǃ䰘ᔩⱘ䚼ߚᬊᔩDŽᬊᔩ䆡᭄㑺 ᴵDŽ ∝䇁䆡 ƽ⦄ҷ∝䇁䆡 Ϟ ݠϟݠ ߎ⠜⼒ ∝䇁䆡ߎ⠜⼒ Ćᴀ䆡⬅Ϟ⍋∝䇁䆡ߎ⠜⼒ᥜᴗՓ⫼DŽ Ć㸼Ḑǃ䰘ᔩⱘ䚼ߚᬊᔩDŽ ᬊᔩऩᄫᴵⳂ ᴵǃᄫᴵⳂ ϛԭᴵDŽ
᮹∝䕲 ƽ᮹∝䕲 ߎ⠜⼒ Ϟ⍋䆥᭛ߎ⠜⼒ Ć㒣᮹ᴀ䆆䇜⼒Ϟ⍋䆥᭛ߎ⠜⼒݅ৠᥜᴗDŽ Ć✻⠛ǃ⠛ǃ㸼Ḑǃ䰘ᔩᬊᔩDŽᬊᔩ䆡᭄㑺 ϛᴵDŽ Ćᬊᔩⱘ䆡∛ЁˈǍ᮹䇁㛑㗗䆩ߎ乬ޚǎ 㑻䆡∛㸼Ёߎ⦄ⱘ㑺ܿग Ͼऩ䆡䰘থ䷇ࡳ㛑DŽ ᮹䇁㛑㗗䆩ᰃ⬅᮹ᴀ䰙Ѹ⌕䞥Ӯ᮹ᴀ䰙ᬭ㚆ᬃᧈणӮ݅ৠЏࡲ ⱘDŽ㗗䆩ⱘⳂⱘᰃ⌟䆩䅸ᅮ᮹䇁ᄺд㗙˄䴲↡䇁˅ⱘ᮹䇁∈ᑇDŽ䰘থ䷇ ࡳ㛑ⱘऩ䆡ᰃ⬅व㽓䅵ㅫ఼᷾ᓣӮ⼒ḍǍ᮹䇁㛑㗗䆩ߎ乬ޚǎ 㑻䆡∛㸼ࠊ㗠៤ ᠔ҹ䖭ѯ䆡∛ᴀ䇈ᯢкЁ≵᳝䆄䕑DŽ ∝᮹䆡 ƽࠢ䊤䉡䊮Ё᮹䕲 &RS\ULJKW E\ 6$16(,'2 &R /WG 㓪ǂ㗙 ᵒݜ㤷ᖫ Џᑆ ǂ῟ষ䴪ǂⱑѩਃҟǂҷ⬄ᱎᯢ ߎ⠜⼒ ᷾ᓣӮ⼒ǂϝⳕූ Ć᮹Ёᇣ䕲ǃ⠛ǃ㸼Ḑǃ䰘ᔩᬊᔩDŽ Ćᬊᔩ䇁䆡㑺 乍 ᬊᔩऩᄫ䆡ᴵ㑺 Ͼǃᄫ䆡ᴵ㑺 Ͼ ĆϢ᮹ᴀݙ䫔ଂⱘǍࠢ࠙ࡦЁ᮹䕲ǎݙᆍϞ᳝䆌ᏂᓖDŽ ᮹᮹䆡 ƽᑗ䕲㢥ǂѨ⠜ 嘋 ች⊶ᑫ ǃ 㓪ǂ㗙 ᮄᴥߎ ߎ⠜⼒
ሣᐩߎ⦄ϟֵ߫ᙃᦤ⼎ᯊĂ ሣᐩߎ⦄ϟֵ߫ᙃᦤ⼎ᯊˈ໘⧚ᮍᓣབϟ˖ ৃ㛑ⱘॳ ໘⧚ᮍᓣ ⬉∴⬉䞣㗫ሑDŽ ᤶᮄⱘ⬉∴DŽ 䆡ࡳ㛑 䕧ܹⱘᶹ䆶ᴵ Ϣᶹ䆶ݙᆍⳌऍ䜡 ӊҹ㓽ᇣᶹᡒ㣗 ⱘ᭄DŽ ೈDŽ ऍ䜡䌘᭭Ꮖ䍙䖛 ᴵ Ć 䆹ऩ䆡ϡᄬĆ ᡒϡࠄヺড়ⱘऩ 䆡DŽ 䕧ܹ䫭䇃Ć 䕧ܹݙᆍϡヺড়ᶹ 䞡ᮄ䕧ܹDŽ 䆶ᴵӊDŽ 䞡ᮄ䕧ܹऩ䆡DŽ ऩ䆡䏇ᶹ ⬉ 䞣 ϡ 䎇 ˈ ᮴ ⊩ থ ䷇ ⬉∴⬉䞣㗫ሑDŽ ᤶᮄⱘ⬉∴DŽ ᣝ>䗔ߎ@䬂݇䯁 ᔧࠡ⬏䴶≵᳝ヺড় ≵᳝ৃ䏇ᶹⱘ䌘᭭Ć ᮴⊩䖯㸠䏇ᶹDŽ ⱘ䏇ᶹऩ䆡DŽ 㒧ᴳ䏇ᶹࡳ㛑ˈ䞡 ҹϞ䏇ᶹ᮴ᬜ 䖲㓁䏇ᶹ᭄ ᮄ䕧ܹ᠔㽕䏇ᶹⱘ ᳔㛑䏇ᶹ ሖĆ ˈ䍙䖛䰤ࠊDŽ ऩ䆡DŽ ᠔䗝ᢽ䏇ᶹⱘ䆡 g䞡ᮄ䗝ᢽ㽕䏇ᶹ ᮴⊩䏇ᶹĆ ᓣЁ᳝᮴⊩ᶹ䆶 ⱘऩ䆡DŽ ⱘऩ䆡DŽ g䞡ᮄ䗝ᢽ䆡DŽ ᠔䗝ᢽⱘ䆡Ё g䞡ᮄ䗝ᢽ㽕䏇ᶹ 䆹ऩ䆡ϡᄬĆ ᡒϡࠄ㽕ᶹ䆶ⱘऩ ⱘऩ䆡DŽ 䆡DŽ g䞡ᮄ䗝ᢽ䆡DŽ ᠔Փ⫼ⱘ䆡义 ऍ䜡䌘᭭ াᰒ⼎ࠡ ᴵ খ㗗 义 䯂乬ᥦ䰸 ᪡
ᛃ⫼䇁ࡳ㛑 ᔧࠡሣᐩ⦄ 䆹ऩ䆡᮴ᛃ⫼䇁Ć ᷛ䆄ˈᣝ 䬂DŽ ՟হ㾷䇈ࡳ㛑 ߎ⦄ ᷛ䆄ˈ ᇚ᮴⊩Փ⫼ℸࡳ 㛑DŽ ᇍ≵᳝՟হ 㾷䞞 ⱘऩ䆡 ᇚ᮴⊩Փ ⫼ℸࡳ㛑DŽ ֱᄬࡳ㛑 䆹ऩ䆡᮴՟হ㾷䞞Ć 䆹ऩ䆡᮴՟হ 㾷䞞DŽ 䌘᭭Ꮖ䍙䖛 ᴵ ᮴⊩㒻㓁ֱᄬ ऩ䆡дЁᏆᄬ⒵ 䇋ߴ䰸ϡ㽕ⱘऩ䆡 䌘᭭DŽ 䌘᭭DŽ ᭄থ⫳ᓖᐌDŽ ফ䴭⬉ᕅડᔎ⚜ g䗝ᢽĀᰃā˖䖯 ᰃ৺㽕䖯㸠߱ྟ࣪˛ ᩲߏㄝᚙމᓩ䍋ⱘ 㸠߱ྟ࣪ˈᅠ៤ৢ ƻᰃ ƽ৺ ᭄ᤳണDŽ ৃℷᐌՓ⫼˗ԚП 䗝ᢽৢᣝ>䕧ܹ@䬂⹂䅸 ࠡᄬⱘټऩ䆡д ঞᶹ䆶䆄ᔩৃ㛑Ꮖ ˉ 㹿ߴ䰸DŽ g䗝ᢽĀ৺ā˖ৃ 㛑᮴⊩ℷᐌՓ⫼˗ 䇋Ϣव㽓䅸ᅮ㓈 ׂЁᖗ㘨㋏خܜ䌘 ᭭ӑDŽ g݇䯁⬉⑤2))DŽ བߎ⦄ᬙ䱰ˈ䇋Ϣव㽓 ফ䴭⬉ᕅડᔎ⚜ g䇋᷏䯙ֱ䆕кݙ ˉ 䅸ᅮ㓈ׂЁᖗ㘨㋏DŽ ᩲߏㄝᚙމᓩ䍋ⱘ ᆍˈϢव㽓䅸ᅮ ᣝ>䗔ߎ@䬂݇䯁 ᭄ᤳണDŽ 㓈ׂЁᖗ㘨㋏DŽ Ć㸼⼎ֵᙃᦤ⼎⍜༅ৢˈሣᐩЁⱘݙᆍӮॳDŽ ˉ ˉ
བ᳝ϟ߫ᚙމথ⫳ᯊĂ བ᳝ҹϟᦤ⼎ߎ⦄ˈ䇋⹂䅸ᰃ৺Փ⫼њ>⺅ᗻᑆ⬉∴@DŽ ݡখ㗗ϟ߫ᮍᓣᴹ䖯㸠໘⧚DŽ থ⫳⢊މ ࡼ থ䷇ ໘⧚ᮍᓣ ⬉∴⬉䞣㗫ሑDŽ ᤶᮄⱘ⬉∴DŽ 䞡ᮄᓔਃ⬉⑤DŽ ᤶᮄⱘ⬉∴DŽ ᤶᮄⱘ⬉∴DŽ ᤶᮄⱘ⬉∴DŽ 䇋䇗ᭈ䷇䞣ᇣDŽ 䇋ߛᤶᣝ䪂ࠄ Nj63($.(5njDŽ 䇋䇗ᭈ䷇䞣ᇣDŽ 㞾ࡼ݇ᴎࡳ㛑Ꮖᇚ ⷁᯊ䯈ϡՓ⫼ˈ⬉ ⬉⑤݇䯁DŽ ⑤㞾ࡼ݇䯁DŽ ⬉∴⬉䞣㗫ሑDŽ ሣᐩさ✊⍜༅DŽ ⬉∴⬉䞣㗫ሑDŽ さ✊ߎ⦄ᇍ↨ᑺ䆒 ⬉∴⬉䞣㗫ሑDŽ ᅮ⬏䴶DŽ ䷇䞣䇗ᭈϡ䗖ᔧˈ ᮴⊩Ңᡀໄ఼ࠄ 䇋䇗ᭈ䷇䞣ᇣDŽ পথ䷇ᣝ䪂 ໄ䷇DŽ Nj($53+21(njDŽ ䷇䞣䇗ᭈϡ䗖ᔧˈ 䇋䇗ᭈ䷇䞣ᇣDŽ ᮴⊩Ң㘇ᴎࠄໄ পথ䷇ᣝ䪂 Nj63($.
བԩ5(6(7㋏㒳䞡䆒 䴲ℷᐌՓ⫼ϡᯢॳᓩ䍋ⱘ⢊ˈމ䇋ᠻ㸠ҹϟ᪡DŽ Ƶ⊼ᛣʽ ᠻ㸠5(6(7ࠡ䇋⊼ᛣҹϟџ乍 ƽᠻ㸠5(6(7ࡼࠡˈ䇋݇ܜ䯁⬉⑤DŽ བ݇䯁⬉⑤⢊ᗕϟᠻ㸠 ߭᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡䆄ᔩㄝᏆ䆒ᅮ䌘᭭Ӯℸ ⍜༅DŽ ƽᣝ5(6(7䬂ᯊˈ䇋ϡ㽕Փ⫼⠭ㅒㄝᇪッᯧᮁ⠽કˈ৺߭Ӯᇐ㟈 ᬙ䱰DŽ ᣝ 䬂ˈ݇䯁⬉⑤DŽ Փ⫼㉏ԐѢ⌏ࡼ䪙ヨ˄ヨ㢃ϡ㽕さߎ˅ ㄝⱘᇪッ㒚ᇣⱘẦ⢊⠽ˈᣝϔϟᴎ఼㚠 䴶ⱘ5(6(7䬂DŽ 5(6(7䬂 Ćᣝ5(6(7䬂ᯊˈ䇋ϡ㽕Փ⫼⠭ㅒㄝ ᇪッᯧᮁ⠽કˈҹܡᇐ㟈ᬙ䱰DŽ ᠧᓔᴀᴎ఼DŽ 佪ⱘ⦄ߎܜᰃᇍ↨ᑺ䆒ᅮ⬏䴶DŽ ḍ䳔㽕ˈᣝ ᣝ 䬂䇗ᭈᇍ↨ᑺDŽ 䬂DŽ 5(6(7ᅠ↩ ሣᐩᰒ⼎㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ
བԩᤶᮄ⬉∴ ሣᐩᰒ⼎Nj⬉ϡ䎇ˈ䇋ᣝ䇈ᯢкᤶ⬉∴njNj⬉䞣ϡ䎇ˈ᮴⊩থ䷇njㄝֵ ᙃᯊˈ䇋ᤶᮄ⬉∴DŽ Ćབᵰሣᐩ᮴ᰒ⼎ӏԩֵᙃ 䇋㟇ᇥϔᑈᤶϔᮄ⬉∴DŽ Փ⫼ᑆ⬉∴ⱘᮍᓣ䫭䇃ˈᇚ䗴៤ᑆ⬉∴ⓣ⎆ǃ∵ᤳᤳണᴀᴎ఼ˈৠᯊৃ㛑 ᇐ㟈☿♒Ӹᆇⱘথ⫳DŽℸˈࡵᖙ䙉ᅜҹϟ㾘ᅮ˖ ƽ 䇋Փ⫼⺅ᗻᑆ⬉∴DŽབՓ⫼䬄ᑆ⬉∴ ৃ㛑Ӯ⬉∴ⱘᇓੑ䯂乬ᇐ㟈ᴀ ᴎ఼᮴⊩ℷᐌՓ⫼DŽ ƽ ᅝ㺙ᑆ⬉∴ˈ⊼ᛣᑆ⬉∴ⱘℷǃ䋳ᵕ ᖙ乏ᅝ㺙ℷ⹂DŽ ƽ 䇋࣓ᇚϡৠક⠠ᑆ⬉∴⏋ড়Փ⫼DŽ ƽ 䇋࣓ᇚᮄǃᮻᑆ⬉∴⏋ড়Փ⫼DŽ ƽ 䇋࣓ࡴ⛁ǃ϶䖯☿Ёǃᢚ㾷ˈᇚӮ䗴៤ⷁ䏃DŽ ƽ 䇋࣓ᇚ⬉䞣㗫ሑⱘᑆ⬉∴ֱ⬭ᴎ఼ݙDŽ ƽ 䭓ᯊ䯈ϡՓ⫼ˈ䇋ܜᇚᑆ⬉∴পߎDŽ ƽ 䇋࣓Փ⫼ᑆ⬉∴䖯㸠⬉ܙDŽ ƽ ᔧᑆ⬉∴ⓣ⎆ˈ䇋࣓⺄㾺ࠄⴐⲂ㙸DŽ ᑆ⬉∴䇋䖰⾏ܓスৃ⺄㾺ⱘഄᮍDŽབϡᜢ䇃亳 䇋ゟेህए⊏⭫DŽ 䯂乬ᥦ䰸 Ƶᑆ⬉∴Փ⫼ⱘ䞡㽕џ乍
Ƶᤶᮄ⬉∴ ⊼ᛣʽ ᤶ⬉∴ࠡ䇋⊼ᛣҹϟџ乍 ƽᤶ⬉∴ࠡˈ䇋݇ܜ䯁⬉⑤DŽ བ݇䯁⬉⑤⢊ᗕϟᠻ㸠 ߭᳒ᶹ䖛ⱘऩ䆡䆄ᔩㄝᏆ䆒ᅮ䌘᭭Ӯℸ ⍜༅DŽ ƽ䇋ϔ䍋ᤶ 㡖ܼᮄⱘ ো $$$ ⺅ᗻᑆ⬉∴DŽ ƽᖙ䳔Փ⫼ ো $$$ ⺅ᗻᑆ⬉∴DŽ བՓ⫼䬄ᑆ⬉∴ ৃ㛑Ӯ⬉∴ⱘᇓੑ䯂乬ᇐ㟈ᴀᴎ఼᮴⊩ℷᐌՓ⫼DŽ ƽᤶ⬉∴ࠡ 䇋⹂䅸Ꮖ݇䯁⬉⑤DŽ 䇋ޚ 㡖ܼᮄⱘ ো $$$ ⺅ᗻᑆ⬉∴DŽ ᣝ 䬂ˈ݇䯁⬉⑤DŽ 䚼ߚˈৠᯊ ঠᣝԣ⬉∴ⲪϞϸ໘ⱘ ㆁ༈ᮍࡼˈᇚ݊ौϟDŽ 䇋পߎᴀᴎ఼ⱘᮻ⬉∴ˈ ᤶ 㡖ܼᮄⱘ⺅ᗻᑆ⬉∴ˈ ⲪϞ⬉∴ⲪDŽ 䇋ᣝ⬉∴ℷ䋳ᵕ ˇˉ ℷ⹂㺙ܹ⬉∴DŽ
Փ⫼㉏ԐѢ⌏ࡼ䪙ヨ˄ヨ㢃ϡ㽕さߎ˅ㄝ ⱘᇪッ㒚ᇣⱘẦ⢊⠽ˈᣝϔϟᴎ఼㚠䴶ⱘ 5(6(7䬂DŽ 5(6(7䬂 䯂乬ᥦ䰸 Ćᣝ5(6(7䬂ᯊˈ䇋ϡ㽕Փ⫼⠭ㅒㄝ ᇪッᯧᮁ⠽કˈҹܡᇐ㟈ᬙ䱰DŽ ᇚᴀᴎ఼㗏ℷᬒ㕂DŽ ᡞᣛᬒЁ䯈ˈᠧᓔᴀᴎ఼DŽ 佪ⱘ⦄ߎܜᰃᇍ↨ᑺ䆒ᅮ⬏䴶DŽ ḍ䳔㽕ˈᣝ 䬂䇗ᭈᇍ↨ᑺDŽ ᣝ 䬂DŽ ሣᐩ᳔ܜᰒ⼎㣅∝ঠ㾷䆡ⱘЏ⬏䴶DŽ
䰘㸼 ᑓ䕲㢥 ƽ㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёߎ⦄Āėƻƻƻ 㸼 āˈ㸼⼎䇋খ✻ҹϟ䰘㸼Ёⱘ㾷䇈ᯢDŽ ՟!㾷䞞⬏䴶Ёߎ⦄Āėⱛ 㸼 āˈ䇋খ✻ҹϟ䰘㸼ЁⱘǏⱛǐⱘ㾷䇈 ᯢDŽ ƽ䰘㸼Пৢ㸼⼎DŽ ǏⳂǐ ⴕ ࠕࠗࡆ ࠣ ⿷ 㓏 ㆮવᥧภ ࠗࡦ࠼ 㔕⚖ ᐓᡰ ᳯᚭ᐀ᐭ ࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢ┹ᛛ ࠝࡦࡄࠬ 㖸ฬ
ቡ ᄼᴺ⸥ภ ㅦᐲᮡ⺆ ቶ↸᐀ᐭ ᢙᴺ ࡕࡦࠧ࡞Ꮲ࿖ ⚉ᚲ ߚⴕ ᄢฬ ᐔ ⾰ᐕઍ ⒎ῳਃචਃᚲ ਛ࿖ ᄤ᳇⸥ภ ᄤ⊞
ƽ 䰘㸼 ޤࠣ ࡆࠗࠕޣ ⿷ޣޤ ޣ㓏ޤ
ޣㆮવᥧภޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޤ࠼ࡦࠗޣ ޣ㔕⚖ޤ
ޤᐓᡰޣ ޤᳯᚭ᐀ᐭޣ ޤࠬࡄࡦࠝޣ ޤࠝࡦࡇ࠶ࠢ┹ᛛޣ
ޣ㖸ฬޤ ޣᭉེޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣ㓏⚖ ޤ ޤࠬࡃࡦࠞޣ
ޤ㎨ୖ᐀ᐭޣ ޤ⚕ޣ ޤᤊޣ ޤ ޣ ޤ ޣ ޤᒝᒙ⸥ภޣ
ⴕޣޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ࠕࠪࠡޣᢥሼޤ ⚿ޣᇕ⸥ᔨᣣޤ ↲ޣᎺⴝޤ
ޤ⚛㉂ޣ ޤᓟṽޣ ޤⴕޣ ޤ⊞ᦺචੑ㌛ޣ
ޣ࿖㓙ᡰޣ ޤ࿖㓙න♽ޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣ⢫ච࿖ޤ ޣ࿖᳃ߩᣣޤ ޣ៨ኅޤ
ޣઍ ޤ ޣઍච࿖ ޤ ޣၫᮭޤ ޣ྾╬ቭޤ ޣ྾࿖ච▎ᚲޤ
ޣ࿖ਃචਃᚲޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ⑳ޣᐕภޤ ޣචᐓޣ ޤዤ⽾ᴺޤ
ޣචᐓචੑᡰޤ
ޣᦼޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥
ޣචਃ⚻ᵈ⇺ޣ ޤචਃޤ ޣචੑ㐷ޣ ޤචੑޤ ޣචੑᓞޣ ޤචᯝᨋޤ
ޣᬀ‛Ꮺ⻉ޣ ޤሶ⊖ኅޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣᬀ‛ࡎ࡞ࡕࡦޤ ޣޤ ޣᷡޤ
ޤⷫᣖޣ ޤ೨ṽޣ
ޣ㔡ᐲ㓏⚖ޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣᨴ⦡ޤ
ޣቡޤ ޣᄼᴺ⸥ภޤ ޣㅦᐲᮡ⺆ޤ
ޣᄢฬޤ 䰘㸼 ޣᐔޤ g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣ⾰ᐕઍ ޤ ޣ⒎ῳਃචਃᚲޤ ǂǂǂǂǂǂ ޣਛ࿖ޤ
ޤᄤ᳇⸥ภޣ ޤ⊞ᄤޣ ޤ໊ޣ
᧲ޣᶏචਃᰴޤ 䰘㸼 ޣᓼᎹޤ g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣਛጊޤ ޣධർᦺᤨઍޤ
ޣੑච྾ผޤ ޣੑච྾▵᳇ޤ ޣᣣశⴝޤ ޣ⢻ᭉޤ
ޣ⢻㕙ޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ⊒ޣశ↢‛ޤ ⊒ޣ㉂ޤ ⊒ޣᗐᮡ⺆ޤ
ޤࡦࠖࡈࡄޣ ޤࡦࠥࡠࡂޣ ޤ⮲ቇޣ
ޤᦛ⥰ޣ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥
ޣဈ᧲ਃචਃᚲ ޤ ޤࡦࡠࡈޣ ∛ޣේޤ ޣಽ࿖ᴺޤ ⮮ޣේޤ
ޣޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣᄌฬޤ ޣർ᧦ޤ ޤࠣࡦࠪࠢࡏޣ
ޣḮޤ ޣޤ ޣቶ↸᐀ᐭ ޤ ޣᢙᴺޤ ࡞ࠧࡦࡕޣᏢ࿖ޤ
ޣ㙃⠧ᓞޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ⚉ޣᚲޤ ࠼ࡦࡐ࠼ࡗޣᴺޤ
ޣ࿖ผޤ ޣᓞޤ ޣᄖቭ ޤ ޣᥲᴺޤ
ࡑࡠޣሼ ޤ ࡑࡠޣᢙሼޤ 䰘㸼 ࠕࠪࡠޣᢥሼޤ g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣᷰࠅ㠽ޤ
ƽ ޤⷺ⥸৻ޣ ޤⷺᓎޣ ޤⷺ㍲ޣ ޤਃⷺ㑐ᢙޣ ޤᧁ▚ޣ
ޣኻᒰ㑐ଥޤ 䰘㸼 g ᑓ䕲㢥 ޣᢿጀ࿑ޤ ޣหⷺޤ
㔫偀ᄫ ؛ৡ䕧ܹᇍ✻㸼 Ǘ㸠 Ǘ Ȫ ˝ ȳ ˧˝ ˟˝ Ǚ ȴ ˣ˝ Ƚ ˯˝ ǣ ǫ Ⱦ ˶˝ ǭ Ǵ ɇ ˰˝ Ƕ ǵ Ɉ ˠ˝ ɒ ˪˝ ɗ ˤ˝ Ƿ ɘ ˞˝ ə ˬ˝ ɦ ˩˝ ɬ ˵˝ ɱ Ȉ Ȫ㸠 Ǡ㸠 Ǡ ȳ㸠 ǡ㸠 ǡ ȴ㸠 Ǫ㸠 Ǫ Ƚ㸠 ǫ㸠 Ⱦ㸠 Ǵ㸠 ɇ㸠 ǵ㸠 Ɉ㸠 ǿ㸠 ǿ ɒ㸠 Ȅ㸠 Ȅ ɗ㸠 ȅ㸠 ȅ ɘ㸠 Ȇ㸠 Ȇ ə㸠 ȓ㸠 ȓ ɦ㸠 ș㸠 ș ɬ㸠 Ȟ㸠 ɱ㸠 Ȟ ˮ˝ ˨˝ Ȭ ˥ ȵ ˧˥ Ǜ ȶ ˣ˥ ȿ ˯˥ ˯ˤ˥ ɀ ˶˥ ˦˥ ɉ ˰˥ ˟ˤ˥ Ɋ ˠ˥ ɓ ˪˥ ɚ ˤ˥ ǥ Ǣ Ǭ Ȁ ȇ ȉ Ȕ ȟ ˮ˥ ˨˥ ɛ ˞˥ ɜ ˬ˥ ɧ ˩˥ ɲ Ǥ Ǯ ǯ ǹ Ȯ ˱ ȷ ˧˱ ˟˱ ˭˱ ȸ ˣ˱ Ɂ ˯˱ ɂ ˶˱ Ɍ ˰˱ ˰˯˱ Ǻ ɍ ˠ˱ ȁ ɔ ˪˱ Ȋ ɝ ˤ˱ ˢ˱ ȋ ɞ ˞˱ Ȍ ɟ ˬ˱ ȕ ɨ ˩˱ ț ɮ ˵˱ Ƞ ɳ ˮ˱ ˨˱ ǝ Ȱ ˡ ȹ ˧ˡ ǟ Ⱥ ˣˡ Ƀ ˯ˡ ǩ DZ Ʉ
Ȥ㸠 Ȥ Ȩ ȥ ɸ ˳˥ Ǜ Ȯ ˳˱ Ȧ ɹ ˳ˡ ȧ ɺ ˳˫ ˪˪ǂǂ˪ˇᄤ䷇ǂǂ˩ˬˇ↡䷇ǂǂ˩˞ˇ↡䷇ ɻ ǖ㸠 ɷ ˳˝ ǖ ȩ㸠 Ș㸠 ɫ㸠 Ǹ ɋ ȩ ǘ ȫ ǚ ȭ ǜ ȯ Ǟ ȱ ˴˝ ˴ˡ ˴˫ ˴˱ ˴˥ ˇ˥ ˇ˝ ˇ˱ ˇ˫ ˇˡ Ș ɫ Ț ɭ Ȝ ɯ ˴˵˝ ˴˵˫ ˴˵˱ ˵ˇ ˇ˝ ˵ˇ ˇ˫ ˇ˱ ˵ˇ ˴˰˱ǂǂ˴˰˯˱ǂǂᄤ䷇ˇᄤ䷇ǂǂ˰ˇ ˇ˱ ˨˰˱ǂǂ˰˟ˤǂǂǂ˰˯ˇ ˇ˱ǂǂǂ ȣ ǂ˴˳˝ǂǂ˳ˇ ɶ ǢȘ㸠 ȵɫ㸠 ǣȘ㸠 ȶɫ㸠 Ǥǖ㸠 ȷȩ㸠 Ǥȣ㸠 ȷɶ㸠 ǥȣ㸠 ȸɶ㸠 ǬȘ㸠 ȿɫ㸠 ǭȘ㸠 ɀɫ㸠 ǶȘ㸠 ɉɫ㸠 ǢȘ ȵɫ ˧˵˝ ǣȘ ȶɫ ˣ˵˝ Ǥǖ ȷȩ ˭˝ Ǥȣ ȷɶ ˧˳˝ ˭˳˝ ǥȣ ȸɶ ˣ˳˝ ǬȘ ȿɫ ˯˵˝ ˯ˤ˝ ǭȘ ɀɫ ˶˵˝ ˦˝ ˦˵˝ ǶȘ ɉɫ ˰˵˝ ˟˵˝ ˟ˤ˝ Ǣǘ ȵȫ ˧˵˥ ǣǘ ȶȫ ˣ˵˥ Ǥǘ ȷȫ ˭˥ Ǥǘ ȷȫ ˧˳˥ ǥǘ ȸȫ ˣ˳˥ ǭǘ ɀȫ ˶˵˥ ˦˵˥ Ƕǘ ɉȫ ˰˵˥ ˟˵˥ ǢȚ ȵɭ ˧˵˱ ǣȚ
ǷȘ㸠 Ɋɫ㸠 ǹǖ㸠 Ɍȩ㸠 ǻȘ㸠 Ɏɫ㸠 ǼȘ㸠 ɏɫ㸠 ǷȘ Ɋɫ ˠ˵˝ ǹǖ Ɍȩ ˰˯˝ ǻȘ Ɏɫ ˰ˤ˝ ǼȘ ɏɫ ˠˤ˝ Ƿǘ Ɋȫ ˠ˵˥ ǹǘ Ɍȫ ˰˯˥ ǻǘ Ɏȫ ˰ˤ˥ Ǽǘ ɏȫ ˠˤ˥ ǽǚ ǷȚ Ɋɭ ˠ˵˱ ǻȚ Ɏɭ ˰ˤ˱ ǼȚ ɏɭ ˠˤ˱ ˰˳˱ Ƿǜ Ɋȯ ˠ˵ˡ ǹǜ Ɍȯ ˰˯ˡ ǻǜ Ɏȯ ˰ˤˡ Ǽǜ ɏȯ ˠˤˡ ǷȜ Ɋɯ ˠ˵˫ ǹǞ Ɍȱ ˰˯˫ ǻȜ Ɏɯ ˰ˤ˫ ǼȜ ɏɯ ˠˤ˫ Ȁǜ ɓȯ ˪˵ˡ ȇǜ ɚȯ ˤ˵ˡ Ȉǜ ɛȯ ˞˵ˡ ȉǜ ɜȯ ˬ˵ˡ Ȋǜ ɝȯ ˢˡ Ȋǜ ɝȯ ˢ˵ˡ Ȕǜ ɧȯ ˩˵ˡ ȟǜ ɲȯ ˮ˵ˡ ˨˵ˡ ǜ ɼȯ ˲ˡ ȋǜ ɞ噲 ˲˵ˡ ȀȜ ɓɯ ˪˵˫ ȇȜ ɚɯ ˤ˵˫ ȈȜ ɛɯ ˞˵˫ ȉȜ ɜɯ ˬ˵˫ ȊǞ ɝȱ ˢ˫ ȊȜ ɝɯ ˢ˵˫ ȔȜ ɧɯ ˩˵˫ ȟȜ ɲɯ ˮ˵˫ ˨˵˫ Ǟ ɼȱ ˲˫ ȋȜ ɞɯ ˲˵˫ ɐȭ Ǿǚ ˠ˳˱ ɑȭ ȀȘ㸠 ɓɫ㸠 ȇȘ㸠 ɚɫ㸠 ȈȘ㸠 ɛɫ㸠 ȉȘ㸠 ɜɫ㸠 Ȋǖ㸠 ɝȩ㸠 ȊȘ㸠 ɝɫ㸠 ȔȘ㸠 ɧɫ㸠
ѻક㾘Ḑ ൟো˖(: 9 / ϔ㠀㾘Ḑ ᦤկ䜡ӊ ƽ 㡖 ো $$$ ᑆ⬉∴ ƽϧ⫼㘇ᴎ 䰘ᔩ ƽሣᐩ˖ [ IXOO GRW PDWUL[⎆ሣᐩ ƽ㗫⬉⌕˖ : ƽ⬉⑤ঞ⬉∴ᇓੑ ćᘦ⏽ᯊ ˖ ᑆ⬉∴$$$ [ /5 $0 ˖ 噝ሣᐩᰒ⼎㣅∝ঠ㾷⌏⫼䆡ⱘ㾷䞞⬏䴶ৃᣕ㓁ᰒ⼎ᯊ䯈ĂĂ㑺 ᇣᯊDŽ 噝ড䕧ܹǃẔ㋶ ߚ䩳 䆥᭛ᰒ⼎ ߚ䩳 ᡀໄ఼ 6SHDNHU থໄ ߚ䩳ᯊ ৃᣕ㓁᪡ᯊ䯈ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ㑺 ᇣᯊDŽ 噝ডՓ⫼ᡀໄ఼থໄˈৃᣕ㓁ࡼᯊ䯈ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ㑺 ᇣᯊDŽ 噝ডՓ⫼㘇ᴎ䕧ߎໄ䷇ˈৃᣕ㓁ࡼᯊ䯈ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ㑺 ᇣᯊDŽ Ć⬉∴ᬜ㛑ӮՓ⫼⦃๗Փ⫼ᮍ⊩ 䕧ߎ䷇䞣ໄ䷇ⱘ᭄ ㄝⱘϡৠ 㗠 ᳝᠔ᬍবDŽ ƽ㞾ࡼ݇ᴎࡳ㛑 $32 ˖᳝ ⾡䆒ᅮᮍᓣ ߚ߿ᰃ㑺 ߚ䩳噝 ߚ䩳噝 ߚ䩳噝 ߚ䩳噝 ߚ䩳噝 ߚ䩳DŽ ƽॳ 5HVXPH ࡳ㛑˖ᴀᴎ఼ֱᄬ⬉⑤݇䯁ࠡⱘ⬏䴶䌘᭭DŽ ƽՓ⫼⏽ᑺ㣗ೈ˖ ć̚ ć ƽሎᇌ˖ ᴀᴎ఼䯁ড়⢊ᗕϟⱘሎᇌ˖ᆑ
ֱׂᳳ䯈ঞଂৢ᳡ࡵ Ƶֱ䆕к 䌁фᴀᴎ఼ৢˈ䇋⹂䅸ֱ䆕кᰃ৺䆺㒚䆄䕑䌁ф᮹ᳳǃ㒣䫔ଚৡ⿄ঞഄഔㄝ ᖙ㽕ֵᙃDŽҨ㒚䯙䇏ֱ䆕㾘ᅮৢˈ䇋ཹֱㅵDŽ Ƶֱׂᳳ䆄䕑ֱ䆕кϞ Ƶֱׂ Փ⫼ᴀᴎ఼ᯊˈ䇋খ䯙ᴀ⫼᠋䇈ᯢкℷ⹂᪡DŽℷᐌՓ⫼ⱘᚙމϟˈབᵰ 䘛ࠄᴀᴎ఼ᬙ䱰ˈ䇋ᣝབϟᮍ⊩໘⧚DŽ ƽֱׂᳳݙᯊ 䇋ᣝֱ䆕кⱘ㾘ᅮˈᇚᴀᴎ఼䗕ࠄव㽓䅸ᅮ㓈ׂЁᖗ䖯㸠㓈ׂDŽ ƽ䍙䖛ֱׂᳳᯊ ᇚᴀᴎ఼䗕ࠄव㽓䅸ᅮ㓈ׂЁᖗDŽᇍѢׂ⧚ৢेৃᘶՓ⫼ⱘѻકˈ ᇚձᅶ᠋㽕∖䖯㸠Ҭ䌍㓈ׂDŽ Ƶᭀਞ ƽձᴀᴎ఼ᬙ䱰ⱘᅲ䰙ᚙˈމ㓈ׂᯊৃ㛑Ӯᤶ䚼ߚ䳊ӊˈгৃ㛑ϡ㛑 ׂ㗠ᤶᮄ⬉ᄤ䕲DŽ ƽЁ䰚ҹഄऎ䌁фⱘѻકϡќ㓈ׂˈ䇋㞾㸠㘨㋏䌁фଚᑫDŽ Ƶଂৢ᳡ࡵ䇬䆶 㢹ᇍଂৢ᳡ࡵ᳝ӏԩ⭥䯂ˈ䇋Ϣव㽓䅸ᅮ㓈ׂЁᖗ㘨㋏DŽ
व㽓˄Ϟ⍋˅䌌ᯧ᳝䰤݀ৌ Ϟ⍋Ꮦ催ḹֱऎ⋄䈋䏃 ো ᅸ .