English Espalier bt 113 FORWARD 1 Thank you for your purchase of the CASIO CF-200. This unit is an advanced 12-digit financial calculator, which is equipped with features and functions allowing complex financial calculations including compound interest, amortization, interest rate conversion and investment appraisal, as well as standard deviation and regression analysis calculations. Besides these, this unit is equipped with powerful programming capabilities.
| Before Using Your Calculator ] Note the following satiety precautions before using your calculator. +Avoid damage to precision components by guarding your calculator against exposure to temperature extremes, high humidity, dust, sudden temperature changes, and strong impact. Low temperatures can slow down the display speed or even cause the display to fall completely. This is generally temporary, and normal operations should return at warmer temperatures.
important: o Never ‘expose batteries to extreme heat. Doing so can cause them to explode. . slf battery power becomes very fow or if you remove batteries from the calculator for a very long time, memory contents may be erased or altered, ar display and key operation may become abnormal. If you notice these symptoms, press the all reset button on the back of the calculator with a thin, pointed object. This will totally clear the memory of the calculator and make normal operation possible.
Power switch ! Hide up to switch power ON and down for OFF. Even when power is switched OFF, the calculator retains contents of the financial, statistical, variable, and pro grain memories, as well as the mode settings. Shift key #Crass this key to perform any of the functions marked in orange on the key panel, When you press 7, the symbol (5 appears on the display to let you know that the functions marked in orange are now active.
»APR oy »EFE Gy 7 e Frequency/Percentage interest rate conversion key *Press following input of a frequency whee the same cash flow amount is to be used a number of times during investment appraisal (see page 61 for dailiness. s Following @, this key converts an actives interest rate to its corresponding percentage interest rate (see page 58 for details). «During statistical calculations (@A (E) or press this key after 10 enter a frequency for data being input (see page 33 for details).
Margin key «Press lo input the margin in cost, selling price, and margin calculations (BB FIN mode). . «Following GF), press this key to input & closed parenthesis (see page 23 for details). «During statistical calculations EH, prods to input data (ses page 33 for details). Store/inverse number key «Press to enter a value into a variable memory. »Following B, press this key to obtain the inverse number of the displayed value.
| Helpful Hints for Easier Calculations il The information given in this section should help you to understand the internal workings of the calculator, to help you enter data in the most efficient manner, =B Order of Operations Operations are performed in the following order of precedence: (D Financial: #, i%, PV, PMT, FV, GST, SEL, MAR, NPV, IRH @ Type A functions*: x?, x~', Ni, STO IRR & Powers: y* @ Pi, memory, parenthetical operation preceded by a multiplication operation that does nol use a multiplicat
et » Calculation modes The fallowing calculation modes are available when you are in the RUN mode or WRT mode. . _This mods is used when you want to perform general calculations (including function calculations) or financial calculations. The symbol “FIN" is shown on the display when the calculator is in this mode. Use this mode for regression calculations (paired-variable statistics) and financial calculations (except CST, SEL, MAR).
»For deletion, use the (& and &) cursor keys to locate the cursor at the position of the deletion and press the 6 key. Each press of @@ deletes one command or vale (L.e. overslept. Example: 369x%x2 = 369x2 Operation [ owp GIORGIONE | 369xx2.
® About Memories Your financial calumniator comes equipped with a total of 26 variable anemones. These memories are “named” using the letters of the alphabet from A through Z, and can hold values made up of a mantissa up to 10 digits long and an exponent up to two digits dong. Date data can also be stored in variable memories. . Example: To store 123 in Memory Al 123 Display 133=A123. «To store a value to a memory, [reds the @ key followed by the memory name. Example: To add 74 to the contents Memory B.
' | Performing Fundamental Calculations You can perform fundamental salutations in the BUN more # Arithmetic Operations «Enter arithmetic operations just as they are written, from left fo right. «To enter a negative value, press § before you enter the value. Example Operation Display 534123 -63=113 B3N 123M 630 113, 0.456% (—80) +12= (JaseEIFI8otd 1268 -3.382 10 123456 X 741852 == 9. 158608041 1234563 74 18828 9,158608081 e { = 91586080510} 1.2+ (—963) = ~1,246105919 ®30-% (= -0.
Specifying the Number of Decimal Places ® Performing Percent Calculations «Spicily the number of decimal places by the operation @3 (I 5, where n is a value from 0 through 8. You can clear this specification matter what you spicily, calculations within the calculator are always performed using a 12-digit mantissa. To convert internal values 1o the displayed value, press ) followed by (. (Specifies 4 decimal places.
W Performing Memory Calculations «Your financial calculator comes equipped with a total of 26 variable memories, “named’” using the letters of the alphabet from A through Z. «Variable memories can be used to hold data, constants and calculation results, as well as date data. The variable memories are non-volatile, which means that they retain their contents even when you switch the power of the calculator OFF. To clear all variable memories, press Bl &8, Paraplegia Operation Display 9.874 HERESIES 9874 9.
Using Other Functions il w Continuous Calculation Function This Continuous Calculation Function lets you use the result of one calculi fin as an element of a successive calculation. Such calculations are performed using 10 digits for the mantissa as in the displayed value. Example Operation Display 36348 12, {continuing) EB3.14 | Ans T334, 3821656061 Dreiser 1. 1E3568 | {continuing) £3368 1. 34 =12 continuing to+ 3,14 = This function can also be used with memory, Type A functions {page 14}, APR, EFF.
T u Using Multi statements #You can use the Multi statement Function in programs and in manual calculations 1o connect multiple formulas or statements into a niggle statement Formulas and statements are separated by colons or the symbol »When a colon s used, the formulas and statements are executed in sequence from left to right without interruption «When program execution reaches symbol, execution of the multi statement is interrupted and the intermediate result is displayed unfit the 5 key is pressed agai
*Types of calculations The following four types of number of days and date calculations are possible with this calculator) DATE ~ DATE = NUMBER OF DAYS (365 -day and 360day modes) (2) DATE + NUMBER OF DAYS =DATE (365-day made only) | Performing Statistical Calculations il Before entering the statistical data, you should clear the statistical memories by pressing E3E8 in the LR or SD mode.
Example " Operation Display Data: Press @ flowed hy (E116 display the 30 symbol, *The same results can be obtained no matter in what sequence they are recalled, D I 55 Fretsaws 1] SEE] -slu' COMPENSATED 5260 {Standard deviation o) {Standard deviation o 1) YR Basin 3) [ D0 {umber of dais 1} EMCEE (Sum ) (A CED [0 {Gun of squeezes Tx%) ([FREDERIC antiquing) (A CF) (2968 82, 1.316956719 1427885983 53,376 &, 427, 22888, 1.
«Performing Linear Regression Calculations +The calculator uses the following regression formula: Coefficients A and B are calculated using the following formulas: _Sybil +You can calculate estimated values £ and 9 based on the regression formula. Press the B3 key for £ and the 3 key for 7.
+Performing Exponential Regression Calculations acetyl ¥ Estimated value £ Lynching “The calculator uses the following regression formula Lxy=Lxlny Enter the logarithm {in} as the y data, and enter x data using the same sequence as that for linear regression. «You can perform data editing using the same procedures as those described for near regression.
| Performing Financial Calculations M Your calculator comes equipped with a wide variety of versatile financial functions that let you perform such complex calculations as compound interest, amortization of loans, conversion between percentage interest rates and effective interest rate, and investment appraisal. . m Notes on Financial Calculations «Use only the FIN mode for financial calculations, »Before beginning financial calculations, be sure to press R E o clear the financial memories.
Abbreviations Used In Financial Calculations in the previous section, we introduced a lew abbreviations that are commonly used in financial calculations.
[IMPORTANT | The following shows the input conditions and precision {or interest (7 %) calculations. < input Conditional . The term (n) is represented by a positive value, while either the present value {PV) and future value (FV) is positive and the corresponding either value negative. 8 s {standard cnmno;pd messieurs PUT CONDITION Futures value is greater than present value.
Savings «Total of principal and interest Example 1 To calculate the total principal and interest alter seven years fora principal of $500 at 6%, compounded annually. FV? *Since the principal Is remitted o a oy Operation I T {After completing the operation in example 1 Display (Term) 7 €120 14.00 {Interest rate) ¢ {B20H 300 ) ) ) +or semiannual compounding, double the term and halve the interest rate.
«Compound interest rate Example To calculate the interest tale required, compounded annually, to attain total of $10,000 in 10 years on an initial investment of $6,000. »Calculation of compound interest period To calculate the amount of time needed fo increase an initial investment of $5,000 to a total of $10,000 at an annual interest rate of 5.4%, compounded monthly. %7 FV =10,000 Py 000 Operation Display Operation Display REFEREE .00 0.00 EEE 0.00 PEG | 0.00 (Terry 10@) 10.00 Stertorous rate) 5.
installment savings e — A Operation Giveaway «Total of principal and interest ! Dee 000 Example B 0.00 To calculates the total of principal and interest for $250 monthly deposits for (e 1O@AG 12000 five years at 6% annual interest, composited monthly. Calculate for pay. ; men at the end of each month as well as at the beginning of each month. oot L ekl 050 Calculate to two decimal paces. interest) P =End of term payment «Beginning of term payment (installment amount) (i) B € ~B1.
interest rate Exalt 'k;u calculate the annual interest rate required to attain an amount of $10,000 in 10 years with $60 monthly installments. . «End of term payment «Beginning of term payment «Principal and interest with initial deposit e | To calculate the total principal and interest after one year for an installment savings account opened with an initial deposit of $1,000 and $500 additional monthly deposits at an interest rate iof 4.5%, compounded monthly.
515" Loan (equal repayments of principal and Interest) mes— +Borrowing power To calculate how much can he borrowed on a 15-year foam annual interest rate, i $450 per month can be repaid. +End of term payment +Beginning of term payment (Loan amount) (MEYERBEER @ (Los amount} (EEYORE T s oan payments [Example ] PV 300,000 62 %=y Lo PMT? To calculate the size of monthly payments for a 75-year $300,000 ho al 6.2%. Calculate for end of term payment.
s «Effective interest tale © % Amortization of a Loan Exm Your calculator makes it possible for you to calculate the amount of printing, ——JP principal, the amount of interest, the balance of the principal and the total amount To calculate the effective interest rate on a 25-year $65,000 loan repaid with of principal and interest repaid from the initial payment up to any point in time. $460 monthly payments. 5 Calculate to two decimal places. . Amoy_n_!.
3) Outputting results ® Conversion between Percentage Interest Rate and g obtain the desired perform eng of the following key operations: Effective Interest Rate Prioress convert o the effective interest rate, and @ff for the pore ! cent age interest rate. o ’ Next, enter the number of the payment up to which you want the result calculated, and then press B, Note that you cannot use exponential data | photoengrave percentage interest rate (APR) to effective interest for the number of payment entry.
Example To calculate the percentage interest rate for an account yielding an annual interest rate of 12.55%, compounded quarterly. Op station Display 3D 000 B .00 4G ERY 12,5560 12.06 m Investment Appraisal Your financial calculator applies the Discount Cash Flow (DCF) Method 10 fet you perform two types of investment appraisal. Investment appraisal entails totaling the cash flow for fixed periods of time in order 1o evaluate the effectiveness of an investment.
«Cash flow numbers> Example: To sangs the following data so that CF; is 2,500. Cash flow Cash flow number CFj Nj CFo 0 CFo ~ 1000 CFi 2000 1 CFs 9 ¢ CF2 3000 3 CFy 3 b CFa 4000 1 CFa 4 Operation: CFs 5 2500808 1 CFs 6 7. New vak Cash flo e CFs have w rum Continuing from the above example, if you now enter another value, it is fencing i treed as the next cash flow (OF; in this case).
To evaluate investment in machinery. it young envision ted to be as sho revenues of Y Our Company aré expected the table oot i d of the fiscal year). What wi the prof {all revenues realized at the guw o upfront s 5% of this investment be if the useful service 0 s ¢ %Esther resale value after six years is $14,000, and the capital cost s 11 %7 oar | income CF1 Gry o, oy CFn 2 31000 3 27000 4 5 & CFo Operation T Display ; OWNER (CF) F18600068 ~86'000. b (©F3) 5200081 52'000. ©F 310008 31'000.
Checking entered data EBM) B Press @, enter the number of the cash flow to be recalled, and press Example: To change the following data so that CF, is 2,500, Press @)ED, enter the number of the cash flow 1o be recalled, and press B3.
m Error Conditions The following conditions will cause errs to occur during} financial calculations. «Compound interest « «Signs of PV, PMT, FY are identical n=0 «Calculated f% g — 100 <« When calculating PVT %= 100 < When calculating PMT:> b= —100 < When calculating Vivify «i% g —~100 s Loan amortization ) When the number of terms for INT, PRN, BAL, EARN, or ANT is.not a natural number. Example: i@ 4.
PV $2,000 s f < Solution the case of a lease, use fhe same operation as that for loan calculations, s . E with payment at the beginning of the term. First, determine the lease chars a=ixi2 £ for each McNeil. Next, total all of the other charges applied over the five yea PMT L period and divide by the number of payments. Operas : Operation Display & operation Display 3 SHEER D) 6@ (DB 2.00 . B (NEE 2.00 (Memory lea) RS 200 {memory clear) 000 (Los amount) 200068 (Beginning of term payment) 0.
m Cost To allocate the cost at margins of 12%, 15%, and 18%, when the stilling price is $20. Calculate to two decimal places. | Cost, Selling Price, Margin Capitations |||l You calculator Eels you calculate cost selling price and margin (E8). Simply enter two values to calculate the remaining value. e 1) Formulas % Operation Display carousel (1 -4 TG 000 : CREPE 0.0 3 SELL— QET I 2060 20,00 _ MAR ot 1268 12.00 EVENED 17.60 MAR X100 1568 15.
S et ® Margin . | Performing Programmed Calculations : (Example] N b ith your finance your financial calculator you can store formulas and calculations that ! To calculate the margin at costs of $12.50, $16, and $17.50 when the sealing t you often need as programs. Then you can call them up and run them at price is $25. Calculate to two decimal places. the taus of a key. Operation Display i o 000 : ® Using Programmed Calculations 0 () DRI To many, the word “programming” sounds rather overwhelming.
® Using Commands and Symbols in Programs You can incorporate all of tha functions available in mania! calculations into programs. s Using variables A variable is a place in the calculator's memory that you can use for the accumulation and storage of data, including numeric values and dates. Hers are 96 variables available with your financial calculator, and they are identified by alphabetic names, ranging from A through Z.
& Entering programs Programs are entered by operating the keys of the calculator just a8 you do for manual calculations, except that you don't press ihe B8 key at the end. s Programming example ) . Enter a program that calculates the amount of principal and interest due after three years for $10,000, compounded annually, Writs the program s¢ that an interest rate must be entered for each execution.
iy Press either Bl ot cursor key and the calculator will automatically enter the WRT mode and display the place in the program where it encountered the fervor. The cursor will be boinking at the exact location of ihe error. e Example: A wr (@ Use the editing functions (see page 78) to correct the error. I this example, you wold press @ to delete Press BRI to enter the RUN mode and re-execute the program. Repeat this process as many limes 2§ Necessary 1o eliminate alt of e bugs.
® Programmed Calculation [Extirpate 1} for the coil's future. Wiy tortes) in 10 years if the 5% interest annually i your bank account, which pays semiannually.
+Sample execution Specify end of term payment, Feeder) {Recall program) {Execute program} (Amount of loan) 2680 {Total number of yardman) 5.6 {interest rate tor first period} skt {Numerable of payments at 5,6%) 388 Umber of interest rate changes. Ester 0 for fixed rate) N (interest rate for first change) .
s e [1] Depreciation (fixed rate METHOD) Program ] Were 1 Program Step Forlorn Neatly .. Purchase Depreciation rate as determined depreciation price by fixed rate method {Predetermined depreciation educated from 2nd year) «The depreciation rate calculation is often difficult 1o perform accurately, and often P18 Ci s discrepancies occur when the applicable number of years is input t© calculable depreciation.
@ Duration of allotment for . [Program_ progressive private ANNUITIES sy Step 1{Fix; 2 e amount of interest rate _ progressive : 30 deposit on deposit rate of annuity ] | (Somme Logarithm, 45 possible duration mount of annuity for initial year : ot payments from = 58 an annuity progressive rate of annuity ) cost vote on deposit | logarithm) Example | The annual rate of interest on deposit is 6.26%.
5| Conversion of add-on interest rate to effective interest rate Program m_ | Program Step Formula interest rate 1 Effective interest sate 3] A Light 45 according {umber o i add-on method mom; Effective interest i s 80 installments l rate installments) +The formula listed above sa high-power equation for effective interest rate, which 610 (0 %0 cannot easily be solved. Because of this, effective interest rate wherein both sides 718 ¥ 105 of the formula are equal is derived using approximate calculations.
@ Interest on lease installments e Program Step Former 15 Amount of Price of leased item X Monthly interest rate i 30 1 (1-month) = " Ti Case ; 5 ; monthly Number of i 45 installment o _[5 interest | "0 L installments x Monthly : .
@ Gompers curve Formula] 6h=b) «Gompers e curve a>1, 00 F3 . n=yexp (~oe ) s {exp = exponential) ! O ! «3-point estimation method used to derive estimated o, # and y parameters. Implement { The following chart lists the population fluctuation for a certain city, for the nine years beginning 1970 and ending in 1978, ¢ Using Gompers curve, determine this city’s saturated population.
