E fx-115ES fx-991ES User's Guide http://world.casio.
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About this Manual • The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output formats, see “Specifying the Input/Output Format”. • Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it performs. Example: 1, 2, +, -, !, A, etc. • Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second key performs the alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is indicated by the text printed above the key.
• The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an on-screen menu item is represented in this User’s Guide. Example: 1(Setup) Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number key operation (1) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform. • The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby. In this User’s Guide, cursor key operation is indicated as f, c, d, and e.
Safety Precautions Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later reference. Caution This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in personal injury or material damage if ignored. Battery • After removing the battery from the calculator, put it in a safe place where it will not get into the hands of small children and accidentally swallowed. • Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.
Handling Precautions • Be sure to press the O key before using the calculator for the first time. • Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every three years. A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator. • The battery that comes with this unit discharges slightly during shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life.
Before Using the Calculator k Removing the Hard Case Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration below. k Turning Power On and Off • Press O to turn on the calculator. • Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator. k Adjusting Display Contrast 1N(SETUP)c6(]CONT') This displays the contrast adjustment screen. Use d and e to adjust display contrast.
k About the Display Your calculator has a 31-dot × 96-dot LCD screen. Example: Input expression { Calculation result k Display Indicators Sample Display: This indicator: CMPLX Means this: S The keypad has been shifted by pressing the 1 key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. A The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the S key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key.
Important! • For a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally.
• See “Adjusting Display Contrast” for information about how to use “]CONT'”. Specifying the Input/Output Format For this input/output format: Perform this key operation: Math 1N1(MthIO) Linear 1N2(LineIO) • Math format causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper. • Linear format causes fractions and other expressions to be displayed in a single line.
• Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm1, Norm2) determines the range in which results will be displayed in nonexponential format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using exponential format. Norm1: 10–2 > x, x > 1010 Norm2: 10–9 > x, x > 1010 Example: 1 ÷ 200 = 5 × 10–3 0.
k Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings Performing the following procedure initializes the calculation mode and other setup settings as shown below. 19(CLR)1(Setup)=(Yes) This setting: Calculation Mode Input/Output Format Angle Unit Display Digits Fraction Display Format Complex Number Format Statistical Display Decimal Point Is initialized to this: COMP MthIO Deg Norm1 d/c a+bi OFF Dot • To cancel initialization without doing anything, press A(Cancel) instead of =.
Example: sin 30 = LINE s30)= Pressing s inputs “sin(”. • Note that the input procedure is different if you want to use Math format. For more information, see “Inputting with Math Format”. Omitting the Multiplication Sign You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following cases. • Before an open parentheses ( ( ): 2 × (5 + 4), etc. • Before a function with parenthesis: 2 × sin(30), 2 × '(3), etc. • Before a prefix symbol (excluding the minus sign): 2 × h123, etc.
• Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical (I) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are 10 or fewer bytes of input remaining in the current expression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know. If the I cursor appears, terminate the expression at a convenient point and calculate the result. k Correcting an Expression This section explains how to correct an expression as you are inputting it.
Deleting a Character or Function Example: To correct the expression 369 × × 12 so it becomes 369 × 12 LINE Insert Mode: 369**12 dd Y Overwrite Mode: 369**12 ddd Y Correcting a Calculation Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60) LINE Insert Mode: c60) dddY s Overwrite Mode: c60) dddd s Inserting Input into a Calculation Always use the insert mode for this operation. Use d or e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input, and then input what you want.
k Displaying the Location of an Error If an error message (like “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERROR”) appears when you press =, press d or e. This will display the part of the calculation where the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the error location. You can then make necessary corrections. Example: When you input 14 ÷ 0 × 2 = by mistake instead of 14 ÷ 10 × 2 = Use the insert mode for the following operation. LINE 14/0*2= Press e or d. This is causing the error.
Functions and Symbols Supported for Math Format Input • The “Bytes” column shows the number of bytes of memory that are used up by input.
Example 3: To input (1 + MATH 2 2 ) ×2= 5 Math (1+'2c5e) w*2= • When you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math format, part of the expression you input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to view the entire input expression again, press A and then press e. Incorporating a Value into a Function When using Math format, you can incorporate part of an input expression (a value, an expression within parentheses, etc.) into a function.
Original Expression: Function Key Operation Integral 7 Derivative 17(F) Σ Calculation 1&(8) Resulting Expression You can also incorporate values into the following functions. 1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), 1w(Abs) Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' 2, π, etc. (Irrational Number Form) When “MthIO” is selected for the input/output format, you can specify whether calculation results should be displayed in a form that includes expressions like ' 2 and π (irrational number form).
Example 2: sin (60) = MATH ' 3 2 (Angle Unit: Deg) Math s60= Example 3: sin–1 (0.5) = MATH 1 π 6 (Angle Unit: Rad) Math 1s(sin–1)0.5= • The following are the calculations for which ' form (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be displayed. a. Arithmetic calculations of values with square root symbol ('), x2, x3, x–1 b. Trigonometric function calculations c. Complex number Abs calculations d.
The following shows the range for each of the coefficients (a, b, c, d, e, f ). 1 < a < 100, 1 < b < 1000, 1 < c < 100 0 < d < 100, 0 < e < 1000, 1 < f < 100 Example: 2' 3 × 4 = 8' 3 ' form 35' 2 × 3 = 148.492424 (= 105' 2) decimal form 150' 2 = 8.485281374 25 2 × (3 – 2' 5 ) = 6 – 4' 5 ' form 23 × (5 – 2' 3 ) = 35.32566285 (= 115 – 46' 3) decimal form 10' 2 + 15 × 3' 3 = 45' 3 + 10' 2 ' form 15 × (10' 2 + 3' 3 ) = 290.
• If a term is encountered during the calculation cannot be displayed as a root (') form or a fraction, the calculation result is displayed in decimal form. Example: log3 + ' 2 = 1.891334817 Basic Calculations (COMP) This section explains how to perform arithmetic, fraction, percent, and sexagesimal calculations. All calculations in this section are performed in the COMP Mode (N1). k Arithmetic Calculations Use the +, -, *, and / keys to perform arithmetic calculations.
Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis You can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the = key at the end of a calculation. This is true only in the case of Linear format. Example: (2 + 3) × (4 – 1) = 15 LINE (2+3)* (4-1= k Fraction Calculations How you should input fractions depends on the input/output format that is currently selected.
Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format f • The format of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display format setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction). • You cannot switch from decimal format to mixed fraction format if the total number of digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10. • For details about the f key, see “Using S-D Transformation”.
Sexagesimal Calculations • Performing the following types of sexagesimal calculations produces a sexagesimal result. - Addition or subtraction of two sexagesimal values - Multiplication or division of a sexagesimal value and a decimal value Appendix <#012> 2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝ Converting Values between Sexagesimal and Decimal Pressing e while a calculation result is displayed toggles the value between sexagesimal and decimal. Appendix <#013> Convert 2.255 to its sexagesimal equivalent.
Using Calculation History Memory and Replay Calculation history memory maintains a record of each calculation expression you input and execute, and its result. Modes that support calculation history memory: COMP (N1), CMPLX (N2), BASE-N (N4) Recalling Calculation History Memory Contents Press f to back-step through calculation history memory contents. Calculation history memory shows both calculation expressions and results.
Using Calculator Memory Memory Name Description Answer Memory Stores the last calculation result obtained. Independent Memory Calculation results can be added to or subtracted from independent memory. The “M” display indicator indicates data in independent memory. Variables Six variables named A, B, C, D, X, and Y can be used for storage of individual values. This section uses the COMP Mode (N1) to demonstrate how you can use memory.
Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression Example: To perform the calculations shown below: 123 + 456 = 579 789 – 579 = 210 LINE 123+456= 789-G= k Independent Memory (M) You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The “M” appears on the display when independent memory contains a value. Independent Memory Overview • The following is a summary of the different operations you can perform using independent memory.
Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory • If the “M” indicator is on the display, perform the procedure under “Clearing Independent Memory” before performing this example. Example: 23 + 9 = 32 23+9m 53 – 6 = 47 53-6m –)45 × 2 = 90 45*21m(M–) 99 ÷ 3 = 33 99/3m (Total) 22 tm(M) Clearing Independent Memory Press01t(STO)m. This clears independent memory and causes the “M” indicator to disappear from the display.
Using CALC The CALC feature lets you input a calculation expression that contains variables, and then assign values to the variables and perform the calculation. You can use CALC in the COMP Mode (N1) and in the CMPLX Mode (N2). k Expressions Supported by CALC The following describes the types of expressions that can be used with CALC.
s (or=) 10= • To exit CALC, press A. • If the expression you are using contains more than one variable, an input prompt appears for each one. Appendix <#016> Calculate an +1 = an + 2n (a1 = 1) as the value of an changes from a 2 to a 5 . (Results: a 2 = 3, a 3 = 7, a 4 = 13, a5 = 21) *1 *3 *5 *7 Assigns 1 to a1. Value of a2 Assigns 2 to n. Value of a4 *2 *4 *6 *8 Using SOLVE Assigns 1 to n. Assigns value to a2.
• An error (Variable ERROR) occurs when the solution variable is not included in the expression being solved. k Example SOLVE Operation Example: To solve y = ax2 + b for x when y = 0, a = 1, and b = –2. MATH Math Sf(Y)Ss(=)Sy(A) S)(X)w+Se(B) 1)(,)S)(X) Math 1s(SOLVE) Prompts for input of a value for Y. Current value of Y Math 0= Math 1= Math y2= Current value of X Math = Solution Screen • To interrupt an ongoing SOLVE operation, press A.
• SOLVE uses Newton’s Method, so even if there are multiple solutions, only one of them will be returned. • Newton’s Method can have problems obtaining solutions for the following types of functions. - A periodic function (y = sin(x), etc.) - A function whose graph includes a steep slope (y = e x, y =1/x, etc.) - A discontinuous function (y = ' x, etc.
Function Calculations This section explains how to use the calculator’s built-in functions. The functions available to you depends on the calculation mode you are in. The explanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are available in all calculation modes. All of the examples in this section show operation in the COMP Mode (N1). • Certain function calculations may take some time to display calculation results.
k Converting an Input Value to the Calculator’s Default Angle Unit After inputting a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the angle unit specification menu shown below. Press the number key that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value. The calculator will automatically convert it to the calculator’s default angle unit. Example: To convert the following values to degrees: π radians = 90°, 50 grads = 45° 2 The following procedure assumes that the calculator’s default angle unit is degrees.
Appendix <#023> to <#025> *1 A base of 10 (common logarithm) is used if no base is specified. k Power Functions and Power Root Functions • Power functions and power root functions can be used in the COMP, STAT, EQN, MATRIX, TABLE, and VECTOR calculation modes. • The X2 , X3 , X–1 functions can be used in complex number calculations in the CMPLX Mode, and complex number arguments are supported.
Tips on Improving Integration Value Accuracy • When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results.
k Differential Calculations Your calculator performs differential calculations by approximating the derivative based on centered difference approximation. d/dx( f(x), a, tol ) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as constants.) a: Input a value to specify the point for which the derivative should be obtained (differential point) tol: Tolerance range (input/output format: Linear) • You can omit specification of the tolerance range. A default value of 1 × 10–10 is used when you do.
k Σ Calculations With Σ(, you can obtain the sum of an input f(x) expression for a specific range. Σ calculations are performed using the following formula. Σ( f(x), a, b) = f(a) + f(a + 1) + .... + f(b) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as a: b: constants.) Calculation range start point Calculation range end point • a and b are integers in the range of –1 × 10 10 < a < b < 1 × 1010. • The calculation step is fixed at 1.
• If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol (' 2, ' 2) + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 Appendix <#036> to <#037> k Other Functions This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( • These functions can be used in the same modes as the trigonometric functions.
Rounding Function (Rnd) This function rounds the value or the result of the expression in the function’s argument to the number of significant digits specified by the number of display digits setting. Display Digits Setting: Norm1 or Norm2 The mantissa is rounded to 10 digits. Display Digits Setting: Fix or Sci The value is rounded to the specified number of digits. Example: 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400 LINE 200/7*14= (Specifies three decimal places.
(Check rounded result.) FIX *14= k Practical Examples Appendix <#042> π ∫0(sinX + cosX ) dX = π 2 (tol: Not specified) <#043> Confirm that the two sides of the following equation are equal: ∞ e = Σ n1! n=0 Transforming Displayed Values You can use the procedures in this section to transform a displayed value to engineering notation, or to transform between standard form and decimal form. k Using Engineering Notation A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering notation.
Note • When you transform from decimal form to standard form, the calculator automatically decides the standard form to use. You cannot specify the standard form. Fraction: The current fraction display format setting determines whether the result is an improper fraction or mixed fraction. π: The following are the π forms that are supported. This is true only in the case of Math format. nπ (n is an integer.
Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX) Your calculator can perform the following complex number calculations. • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division • Argument and absolute value calculations • Reciprocal, square and cube calculations • Conjugate complex number calculations All calculations in this section are performed in the CMPLX Mode (N2).
• With Linear format, the real part and imaginary part are shown in two different lines. Example 2: ' 2 ∠ 45 = 1 + i (Angle Unit: Deg) MATH CMPLX Math !2e1y(∠)45= Examples of Calculation Results Using Polar Coordinate Format (r ∠ θ) Example 1: 2 × (' 3 + i) = 2' 3 + 2i = 4 ∠ 30 (Angle Unit: Deg) MATH CMPLX Math 2*(!3e+i)= • With Linear format, the absolute value and argument are shown in two different lines.
k Absolute Value and Argument (Abs, arg) You can use the following procedure to obtain the absolute value (|Z|) and argument (arg) on the Gaussian plane for a complex number of the format Z = a + bi. 1w(Abs); 12(CMPLX)1(arg) Appendix <#051> Obtain the absolute value and argument of 2 + 2i. *1 Absolute Value *2 Argument Statistical Calculation (STAT) All calculations in this section are performed in the STAT Mode (N3).
STAT Editor Screen There are two STAT editor screen formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected. STAT STAT Single-variable Statistics Paired-variable Statistics • The first line of the STAT editor screen shows the value for the first sample or the values for their first pair of samples. FREQ (Frequency) Column If you turn on the Statistical Display item on the calculator’s setup screen, a column labeled “FREQ” will also be included on the STAT editor screen.
STAT Editor Screen Input Precautions • The number of lines in STAT editor screen (the number of sample data values you can input) depends on the type of statistical data you selected, and on the Statistical Display setting of the calculator’s setup screen. Statistical Display Statistic Type OFF (No FREQ column) ON (FREQ column) 80 lines 40 lines 40 lines 26 lines Single-variable Paired-variable • The following types of input are not allowed on the STAT editor screen.
Deleting All STAT Editor Contents (1) Press 11(STAT)3(Edit). (2) Press 2(Del-A). • This clears all of the sample data on the STAT editor screen. Note • Note that you can perform the procedures under “Inserting a Line” and “Deleting All STAT Editor Contents” only when the STAT editor screen is on the display. k STAT Calculation Screen The STAT calculation screen is for performing statistical calculations with the data you input with the STAT editor screen.
Single-variable Menu Item Select this menu item: When you want to do this: 7Distr Display the Distr sub-menu of commands for normal distribution calculations • For more information, see “Distr Sub-menu”. Paired-variable Menu Item Select this menu item: When you want to do this: 7Reg Display the Reg sub-menu of commands for regression calculations • For details see “Commands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected” and “Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected”.
Distr Sub-menu (11(STAT)7(Distr)) 1 P( 2 Q( 4 't 3 R( This menu can be used to calculate the probability of standard normal distribution. Normalized variate t is calculated with the expression shown below, using the mean value (o) and population standard deviation value (xσn) obtained from the data input on the STAT editor screen.
Commands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected With linear regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation. y = A + BX The following are the commands that appear on the sub-menus that appear when you select 4(Sum), 5(Var), 6(MinMax), or 7(Reg) on the STAT menu while linear regression is selected as the statistical calculation type. See Appendix <#060> for information about the calculation formula used for each command.
Reg Sub-menu (11(STAT)7(Reg)) Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: 1A Regression coefficient constant term A 2B Regression coefficient B 3r Correlation coefficient r 4m Estimated value of x 5n Estimated value of y Appendix Linear Regression Calculation: <#061> to <#064> • Examples <#062> through <#064> all use the data input in Example <#061>.
Comments for Other Types of Regression For details about the calculation formula of the command included in each regression type, refer to the indicated calculation formulas ( Appendix <#069> to <#073>).
k Number Base Setting and Value Input Use the keys listed below to specify the number base. The key markings used in this section are the ones that are above each key, on the right. Key Number Base Screen Indicator U Decimal Dec c Hexadecimal Hex b Binary Bin q Octal Oct • The current number base setting is indicated in the second line of the display. • The initial default number base setting when you enter the BASEN Mode is always decimal (DEC).
Specifying the Base during Input The BASE-N Mode lets you override the current default number base setting and input a particular value using a different base. When inputting the value, press 13(BASE) c to display page two of the BASE menu, and then press the number key that corresponds to the base you want to specify.
Press this key: When you want to input this: 5(Not) “Not(” function, which returns the result of a bitwise complement 6(Neg) “Neg(” function, which returns the result of a two’s complement • Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are produced by taking the binary two’s complement and then returning the result to the original number base. With the decimal number base, negative values are displayed with a minus sign.
k Inputting Coefficients Use the coefficient editor screen to input the coefficients of an equation. The coefficient editor screen shows input cells for each of the coefficients required by the currently selected equation type. Simultaneous linear equations with two unknowns Cubic equation Rules for Inputting and Editing Coefficients • Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. When you register input into a cell, the cursor moves to the next cell to the right.
• In the case of simultaneous linear equations, you can use f and c to switch the display between the solutions for X and Y (and Z). • When there are multiple solutions for a quadratic or cubic equation, you can use the f and c keys to scroll the display between X1, X 2, and X3. The actual number of solutions depends on the equation. • Pressing A while a solution is displayed will return to the coefficient editor screen.
(3) Press a number key (1 through 6) to specify the matrix dimension you want to use. • Pressing a number key to specify the matrix dimension causes the matrix editor screen to appear. MAT “A” stands for “MatA”. (4) Use the matrix editor screen to input each of the elements into the matrix. • Input is subject to the same rules as those that govern the coefficient editor screen in the EQN Mode. For more information, see “Rules for Inputting and Editing Coefficients”.
• You cannot edit the contents of a cell. • To switch to the matrix calculation screen, press A. • While the MatAns screen is on the display, you can press an arithmetic operator key (like + or -) and use the screen contents in a subsequent calculation, just as with Answer Memory contents. For more information, see “Using Answer Memory to Perform a Series of Calculations”. k Matrix Menu Items The following are the menu items on the matrix menu that appears when you press 14(MATRIX).
<#104> Obtain the absolute value (Abs(MatB)) of each element of Matrix B. • Use 1w(Abs). <#105> Determine the square (MatA2) or cube (MatA3) of Matrix A. • Use w to specify squaring, and 1w(x3) to specify cubing. Note that you cannot use 6 for this input. Generating a Number Table (TABLE) from a Function All calculations in this section are performed in the TABLE Mode (N7).
(4) After specifying the start value, press =. • This displays the end value input screen. Indicates the initial default end value of 5. • Specify the end value. (5) After specifying the end value, press =. • This displays the step value input screen. Indicates the initial default step value of 1. • Specify the step value. • For details about specifying the start, end, and step values, see “Start, End, and Step Value Rules”. (6) After specifying the step value, press =.
Note • Certain functions and Start, End, Step value combinations can cause number table generation to take a long time. k Number Table Screen The number table screen shows x-values calculated using the specified Start, End, and Step values, as well as the values obtained when each x-value is substituted in the function f(x). • Note that you can use the number table screen for viewing values only. Table contents cannot be edited. • Pressing the A key returns to the function editor screen.
(4) Use the vector editor screen to input each element. • Input is subject to the same rules as those that govern the coefficient editor screen in the EQN Mode. For more information, see “Rules for Inputting and Editing Coefficients”. • If you want to create another vector, repeat this procedure from step (1). Copying the Contents of One Vector to Another Vector You can copy the contents of Vector Answer Memory (VctAns) or of a vector in vector memory to another vector in vector memory.
Appendix <#106> Store VctA = (1, 2) and VctC = (2, –1, 2). <#107> Copy VctA = (1, 2) to VctB and then edit Vector B to VctB = (3, 4). • The following examples use the vectors input in Examples <#106> and <#107> (VctA, VctB, VctC). <#108> VctA + VctB (Vector Addition) <#109> 3 × VctA (Vector Scalar Multiplication) VctB – 3 × VctA (Calculation example using VctAns) <#110> VctA • VctB (Vector Dot Product) <#111> VctA × VctB (Vector Cross Product) <#112> Obtain the absolute values of VctC.
• The values are based on ISO Standards (1992) and CODATA Recommended Values (1998). For details, see Appendix <#114>. Appendix <#115> and <#116> Perform all of these examples in the COMP Mode (N1). Metric Conversion The calculator’s built-in metric conversion commands make it simple to convert values from one unit to another. You can use the metric conversion commands in any calculation mode except for BASE-N and TABLE. To recall a metric conversion command, press 18(CONV).
3. Fractions: a b/c 4. Prefix symbol: (–) (negative sign) d, h, b, o (base n symbol) 5. Metric conversion commands: cm'in, etc. Statistical estimated value calculation: m, n, m1, m2 6. Permutations, combinations: nPr, nCr Complex polar form symbol: ∠ 7. Dot product: • (Dot) 8. Multiplication and division: ×, ÷ Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign omitted immediately before π, e, variables, scientific constants (2π, 5A, πA, 3mp, 2i, etc.
A Stack ERROR occurs when the calculation you are performing causes the capacity of either stack to be exceeded. Stack Issues to Keep in Mind for Each Mode • In the CMPLX Mode, each input value uses two levels of the numeric stack, regardless of whether the input value is a real number or a complex number. This means that the numeric stack effectively has only five levels in the CMPLX Mode. • The MATRIX Mode uses its own matrix stack, which is used in combination with the general-purpose numeric stack.
Functions Input Range tanhx tanh–1x 0 x 9.999999999 1099 logx/lnx 0 x 9.999999999 1099 0 x 9.999999999 10–1 10x –9.999999999 1099 x 99.99999999 ex ' x x2 1/x 3' x x! –9.999999999 1099 x 230.2585092 0 x 1 10100 x 1 1050 x 1 10100 ; x G 0 x 1 10100 0 x 69 (x is an integer) nPr 0 n 1 1010, 0 r n (n, 1 {n!/(n–r)!} 1 10100 nCr 0 n 1 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 n!/r! 1 10100 or 1 n!/(n–r)! 1 10100 Pol(x, y) x , y 9.
k Error Messages The calculator will display an error message when a result exceeds the calculation range, when you attempt an illegal input, or whenever any other similar problem occurs. When an error message appears... The following are general operations you can use when any error message appears. • Pressing d or e displays to the calculation expression editing screen you were using before the error message appeared, with the cursor located at the position of the error.
• Action • Make necessary corrections. Dimension ERROR (MATRIX and VECTOR Modes only) • Cause • The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calculation was input without specifying its dimension. • You are trying to perform a calculation with matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation. • Action • Specify the dimension of the matrix or vector and then perform the calculation again.
k Before assuming malfunction of the calculator... Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. Note that you should make separate copies of important data before performing these steps. (1) Check the calculation expression to make sure that it does not contain any errors.
1 Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator. • To ensure that you do not accidentally turn on power while replacing the battery, slide the hard case onto the front of the calculator. Screw 2 On the back of the calculator, remove the screw and the battery cover. 3 Remove the old battery. 4 Wipe a new battery with a dry cloth, and then load it into the calculator with its positive k side facing upwards (so you can see it). 5 Replace the battery cover and secure it in place with its screw.
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