PERSONAL COMPUTER FX-795P OWNER'S MANUAL ‘The contents of this manual may be subject to change without notice. Unlawful copying of all or any portion of this manual is strictly forbidden. Please be aware that the use of this manual for other than personal use without permission from CASIO is prohibited under the copyrighting law. CASIO Computes Co., Lid. shall not be held responsible for any damages or losses resulting from the use of this manual. CASIO.
Foreword This* manual contains easily comprehensible explanations on the numerous functions of this computer. o The first feature of this equipment is the fullness of its scxvcntmc including statistical calculations. Incorporating many numeric funnymen a-ND basic statistics, this computer will enable you to carry out troublesome scientific and technological calculations as well as statistics] calculations by chg-nple operation.
Prior to Operation ® Do not turn the parer off during program execution or operation. & Since the computer is made up of precision electronic parts, avoid dropping it while a program is being executed; otherwise the program execution may be stopped or the memory contents may be changed. ® When a malfunction occurs, contact the store where the computer was purchased or a nearby dealer. » Before seeking service, please Ted this manual again, check the power supply, check the program for logic errors, ete.
Contents CHAPTER 5 Programming with BASIC Language 5.1 Writing Programs Reprogramming 53 Parables i 5-4 Method of Calculating the Program Length 5-5 Convenient Techniques 5.6 Error Message sand Debugging . 5-7 Convenient Peripherals . .. Singapore-100Program . CHAPTER 6 Program Library CHAPTER 7 Command Reference 7-1 Manual Commands NEW [ALL] .. RUN.. LIST .. PASS SAVE [ALL] . LOAD [ALL] VERIFY END L e Contents INPUT e 145 KEYS .o 147 PRINT i i 148 CSR 149 GOT e 150 ONTOLOGY iy 151 IF~THEN ..
Contents Can tents ASN, ACS, ATN ..otter 179 RESTORE crevice st 206 HYPNOSIS, HYPOS, HYPHEN 180 WRITHE .o i 208 i HYPHEN, HYPERSPACE, HYPHENATE 181 182 CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function 81 Specifying the MEMO In Mode 212 82 Inputting Data 213 83 Displaying the Data Contents ..o 216 84 Correcting Data 8-5 Retrieving (Searching) Data . 86 Frustrating ...ttt 8-7 Adding and Inserting Data 88 Searching Using a Program 8-9 Application to Tabular Calculations ..
General Guide To those who have never touched a computer or are already familiar with computers, it is recommended that you first read this chapter carefully, The quicker you become familiar with the configuration of the computer the quicker you will be able to use it properly.
1-1 Names of Components B _GOT LHASA Fiji Display window @) Alphabet keys @ Shift key @) Display contrast (® Function memory keys ® Function keys @ Statistical data input key ® Numeral keys (@ Decimal point key & Exponent key Execution key Calculation command keys Corrector for peripherals Power switch Mode key @ Key 43 Memo key @ RESET baton o & EDDY: 1-2 Functions of Components # Power Switch Slide up to switch on power and slide down to switch off power, & Shift Key (Red (8 key) Press this for a one-key
CHAPTER 1 General Glued For example, in the case of 7.41 x 107, press ARIADNE. When this key is pressed after the & key (BIB, 7 (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter) will be displayed. The (Can (Keys are for inputting parentheses and the () key for power calculations (for 7, press Alphabet Keys and Space Key @WwEHRMOMNUODGE AXLETREE DXEMEE@EECE These keys are not found on ordinary electronic calculators. The 26 letters of the alphabet, the symbol keys .
CHAPTER | General Guide » Insert/Delete Key ( & This is another convenient key for correcting displayed characters. When it is passe directly, the characters following the one under which the cursor is blinking are moved to the right so that a space can be created for character insertion. The cursor itself does not move. When @A &% are pressed, the character under which the cursor is blinking is deleted and the characters on its right are moved to the left. The position of the cursor remains unchanged.
CHAPTER 1 General Guide » Extension Key (o1 ) The direct mode is specified immediately after the power is turned an. When a key is pressed in this mode, the character printed on the key is input. However, if the®S key is pressed, the extension mode (the “EXT* symbol lights up) is specified, making it possible to input small Metiers or special symbols. The extension mode is effective for the upper half of the keyboard.
CHAPTER 1 General Guide « Connector for Peripherals Connect peripherals, that are available separately on an optional basis, to this connector. Connect the PF-128 or PF-40 when printing, and connect Cassette Interface FA-5 when using a tape recorder, Fflflfl NORTON E| Use the separately available exclusive cable SB-2 when connecting to PF-128, and the separately available interface pack SB-42 when connecting to PF-40.
CHAPTER | General Guide # Auxiliary Batteries The auxiliary battery is for memory backup. This battery remains in operation while the main battery is being replaced, thus preventing the program and data from vanishing. Bear in mod that if bolt the main and auxiliary batteries ate removed at the same tine, the program and data will vanish. If the main end auxiliary batteries must be replaced at the same time, press the reset button with a pointed object after switching on main frame power supply. Notes: 1.
2-1 Let’s Operate the Computer Try the computer and see how it works. First slide the power switch to ON, and the following display will appear, mizzen LN 086 First erase this display. To do so, press the b3 key. “Ready P@” will danish. Then “_ will begin blinking at the left end. This is called the “cursor” and indicates the starting point for character writing.
CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations You notice the mistake, but don’t worry. Press the cursor movement key and bring the cursor to the wrong numeral. Then press the right key 5 . & 181 Example: 26 X7 +23=205 It is assumed that 32 has been input instead of 23 by mistake. ZEBEDEE After correcting the error by back-space operation, input the right numerals and press e . =& *Unlike the keys, the B key deletes the character on the left of the cursor and moves all characters on the right one space to the left.
CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations Example: Display the small letters a, band c. First specify the extension mode. [—EXT lights up. e i) Then input A, Band C. [l AlE) e L Example: Display the marks Since the computer is already in the extension mode, just press each of the relevant key after pressing the bl key. L METEORITE | shoes. Example: Display the symbols ZHp . Cross keys as shown below in the extension mode: ez exr Crete Since the above marks and symbols are available, they may be used for various purposes.
20 CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations In addition to the calculations as shown above, algebraic calculations using variables are possible with this computer. These calculations are convenient when a certain value is used repeatedly. For example: 3x+5= 4x+6= Sx+7= If the value of x in the above calculations is 123.456, it is troublesome to press the same numeral keys repeatedly. A labor-saving method for such calculations is algebraic calculation using a variable. Use variable X, Fists assign 123.
22 2-4 Function Calculations This computer is capable of performing function calculations in addition to the four arithmetic operations. The functions can be used in a program, but manual operation is described here.
24 | o CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations Nome Name ot Format Function and input change Hexadecimal | &H Hexadecimal | &Hx | Clutter string contains hexadecimal decimal | character string number within & chasteness.
CHAPTER 2 Dustman Conversations Example: cos 4 = 0.7858981634rad Operation: S0 2 (212 TS Example: = —0.6128007881 @@ (Angle unit: grads (GRA) Hyperbolic Functions (sing, cosh, tang) and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions (sinh™, cosh™, tank™) In the case of these functions, press b and then press the same keys as in the case of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. Example: = —2.301298902 Operation: OBESE 2 0E Example: cosh™! 1.5 = 0.
28 CHAPTERS 2 Manual Operations « Other Functions (v/ SGN, RAN#, RND, ABS, INT, FRANC) Example: [T+ [F = 565028154 Operation: @280 568 T, BSEZR1S Example: Yii=3 Petition: E275 3 Example: ) . D Conversion into signs (positive number — 1, negative number > Operation: = ISBN 9 GHEE) 2 B Example: Generation of random numbers (0 < RAN# < 1 pseudo random amber} Operation: _ o H7H6R4TTEZ e (This value is not necessarily displayed) Example: Round the result of 12,3 x 4.56 at the place of 107 12.3 X 4.56 = 56.
30 CHAPTER.2 Manumit Operations # Decimal-Hexadecimal Conversion (&H, HEX) Edna F in hexadecimal numbers correspond decimal numbers. Example: Convert a hexadecimal number into a decimal amber. Operation: 10& 7FFF g (1 80OO Example: Convert a decimal number into a hexadecimal number.
CHAPTER 2 Mania! Operations ® Specifying the Number of Significant Digits and the Number of Decimal Places “8ET" is used for these specifications. Specification of number of significant digits Specification of number of decimal places . . Release of specification .. . SENT *SET BO” used to specify the number of 51gmficant digits specifies 10 digits. *When a specification is made, the result is displayed by the number of specified digits. (The digit next to the last specified digit is rounded off.
CHAPTER 2 Manuel Operations 25 Statistical Calculations As shown above, press the &) key after inputting data. “STAY will be displaced. ® Statistics Output Statistics can be obtained by STAT LIST, STAT LIST 1, STAT LIST 2, EOX and EOY commands. This computer allows the calculation of the following y data can be omitted by using “x data ({Z] frequency) @ . In such a case statistics: s values are the same as the previous ones, (| (2] frequency] can be omitted.
36 CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations STAT LIST (or STAT LIST 0} is for outputting all of the statistics. STAT LIST 1 s for one-variable statistics alone and STAT LIST 2 for paired variable statistics. The details are explained in the following table: STAT LIST (0] STAT LIST STAT LIST?2 Zxt 2 Zrt 2 Sy? Tizzy Zxy Zay i e Zx/n Saxon ¥ Snazzy Snazzy x0T YTt Output of paired CURLICUE. | vl sy Regression formula:y EOX znd EOY are treated as functions.
38 CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations Exercise: The table below shows the ratios of advertising expenditure (advertising expenditure/operating expenses) and the ratios of operating profit (operating profit/sales amount) in seven chain supermarkets last year. Was advertising effective? 13141567 ST | 05 expenditure (5} Battledores [ profit ¢ Approach: Draw up 2 scatter diagram based on the table.
40 Using the “Function Memory”’ [n this chapter we shall sludgy the use of the “Function Memory” which is one of the features of the computer, This function greatly simplifies calculation of formula in which only the numeric values assigned to a variable differ,
42 3-1 Calculations with the Same Formula This unit is provided with a very convenient function called “Function Mermory™. This function permits easy calculations by simply assigning numeric values to Lhe variable as long as the formula is stored in advance. The following keys are used for the “Function Memory™. Stores the contents currently written, G Displays the stored content.
44 CHAPTER 3 Using the “Function Memory™ 31 Calculations with the Same Formula Start the calculations. 4,579k exd 7.38168 =) 9,244k =] 6.133kd =4 1.41668 Repeated operations can be terminated by pressing §5 . ® Some of the points requiring care in using the “Function Memory™ are listed below. 1} Character string characters can be stored with the (i key. The 63rd character and after will be discarded.
3-2 Utilization for Preparing Tables Multiple formulas can be written by separating with colons Tables such as that shown below can be easily prepared by using this method. Example: i Complete the following table. (Calculate in three decimal places by rounding off.) X Y Q=XY 4.27 1.17 8.17 6.48 6.07 9.47 2.71 4.36 1.88 3.62 Operation: SHELF) 368 (Specification of number of decimal places) EEDBVHERARE (Storing the formula) B9 (Calculation starts) 4.
48 CHAPTER 3 Using the “Function Memory™ By using this “Function Memory”, simple repetitive calculations can be per explained in Chapter 5.
50 4-1 Software Menu Press the key to display the software menu, *Pressing of [ specifies RUN mode even when the unit is in another mode, Each operation is selected from this menu by means of the following keys. .. Mat) @ .. (Comp) WL (Newt) (sm) (Hex) (Bin) Matrix operations Complex number escalations Numeric solution of equations Numeric integration Hexadecimal operations Binary operations *Tg cancel the software menu, press the i key.
CHAPTER 4 Bulletin Software Utilities 52 (Tra) Obtains transposed matrix of matrix A and sub« statutes in matrix X. (Equ) Solves simultaneous equations relative to matrix' A and matrix B and substitutes in matrix X. x) Obtains the scalar product of matrix A and substitutes in matrix X, FE.oo.o.. ) Performs addition of matrix A and matrix B and substitutes in matrix X. [ (] Performs subtraction between matrix A and matrix B and substitutes in matrix X.
54 CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities & Correction of lupus If an error is found before pressing ) , enter the correct value and presses . It an error is found after pressing the B8 key, coronet after returning to the last display by pressing the &8 key, o Additions/Subtractions/Multiplications of Rows Example 1: Obtain Band B X A for the two matrices After setting matrix A and matrix B, perform the following operation from the matrix operation menu. Operation: (Set matrix A and matrix B.
CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities : 4-2 Matrix Operations Operation: (Interchanges ma lix A . Set as follows from the matrix operation menu. and matrix B.) (F) (Displays me out 2} & (Specifies multiplication.) SEEDINESS (Sets matrix Ay FeElBEEECDEDERE EIEEIEE (Sets matrix B) STOCKBREEDER Calculates B K A and substitutes the (Confirms results.) g (EIE) (Calculation (Transfers calculation results matrix A) Bon 2 Next perform calculation for second term, (Sets matrix of second term malarial) dies 3 .
CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities # Determinant, Inverse Matrix, Transposed Matrix Example 3: Obtain the determinant, inverse matrix and transposed matrix for the following matrix, Operation: (Matrix operation menu 1) (Stein matrix A of the example) PIER TR [ (F) (Displays matrix operation menu) fB) (Obtains the determinant) e=F) D Here, the inverse matrix of matrix A Motrin Operations Next, obtain the transposed matrix, matrix operation menu 2 (X (Confirm results REDEEMER ® Scalar Product Explain 4: Cal
80 CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities Operation: (Matrix operation mean 1) AR Sets matrix A) Redeemer {Display matrix operation (F) menu 2y [R] (Ob lain the scalar product) S (Transforms matrix X to A) BEEHIVES (Sets matrix B) (Feeder R (FIE (Calculates Ak B} (Confirms results) ) e Simultaneous Equations Example 5: Obtain the solution to the following 3:dimensional simultaneous linear equations. at2z5=6 2ot 2a2— x=3 4-2.
TR 42 Matrix Operations CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities e Summary of Matrix Operation Key Opossums ‘ @ Transforms the value of matrix pressing [Dan interchanges matrix A ERITREA : m@andeypmmngE]. R @ Obtains determinant. ] I{fzt=8 Obtains the inverse matrix. The result is substituted in matrix Obtain Matrix.
CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities Note: the object of calculation in the matrix operation and. the result is substituted in X, 2) Calculation conditions in matrix operation are as follows (with matrix and maltreat B as (m, n)). ) Addition and subtraction Substituted in X when b) Multiplication Substituted in X whence. ¢} Determinant Substituted in X whence.
CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities 4-3 Complex Number Calculations Operation: | & i iflpu's 4 DEE = (E“I traction) (Obtains the absolute value,) BEAR {Obtains argument) @ 4~ 2iis obtained, The absolute value (r) of 2236067977 and argument (6) of 6343494882 of &= (1 +21) are obtained. (ME& Jo pat O Multiplication) ® Square, Cube, Square Root and Case Root EERIE putout 320 e Example 3: @ (1 +20) obtained.
68 CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities @ @ DETECTED (7 (Square root) B @ 7+ 241) and -3 -4i are obtained. =3 + 4 and 49641 + 0.5980761, 19641 ~ 4.598081 are obtained, o Summary of Complex Number Key Operations Arithmetic operation When a result is displayed, press (8, {For (71 and then input.c and d. Example: e ] *[aegis pressed without inputting numeric values ¢ and d, the value of the previous ¢ and d entered will be input. r 43 Complex Number Calculations New input .
70 CHAPTER 4 Built-In Software Utilities Square Root and Cube Root The square 100th or cube:root will be displayed by pressing ) or @) depending on the state of the results displayed. The results are displayed in successive order by pressing B . (2 square roots and 3 cube pots) Example: Arithmetic operations, x°, r and 8 are possible from either state The above operation is also possible.after confirming.r and € and resuming {o the result display. Example: 4-3 Complex Number Calculations D).
72 4-4 Numeric Solution of Equations Numeric solution of an equation is a method of assigning an initial solution Xg (approximate) and obtaining a more curate approximate solution x. (See diagram below.) With the initial solution us xq, obtain tangent line: 1, in (Xo, flxo)), and with x, as the intersection of axis I, and x, and in the same manner obtain tangent 1, in (21, and continue in this manner to xn {1 times): Ending condition is the solution to X when {xn ~ xn—t | relative error.
CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities 44 Numeric Solution of Equations Operation: # Summary of the Numeric Solution of the Equation Key Operation [Fix {E) (Relative error specification) BEDDED (nut of exam) o B (@ Minimal interval specification) (nut 107) (E] (Select function input) Fi 7 PPN * . = EONEEEORDEEEREN (nut of initial value) (s indicates operation in process) 43 (Returns to numeric solution B9 (e equation mean.) The solution of this sample equation is the result of X = 1.0849.
4-5 Numeric Integration a Numeric integration is 2 method of obtaining the approximate solution of f for a given function. (See figure below.) Divide interval (3, n equal parts {nonevent number) and obtain the area Dy approximating the curve of each minimal interval with a parabola. (Simpson’s rule) #(z) w b This computer automatically sets the number of divisions and outputs the results when the relative error between the value Sp, when divided into n parts, and the value Sp.
CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities » Summary of Numeric Integration Key Operations formula has already been entered for F(x), that formula 78 wife be displayed. Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal Operations Arithmetic operation, logical operation, twos complement, logical shift and base conversion can be performed in the binary, decimal and hexadecimal calculations.
80 CHAPTER 4 Bully-in Software Utilities HOD ERE@ New input ® Arithmetic Operation Example: Perform the following calculations. 10110018 +11008 @ 1000108 —11018 @EACH X 1Br @F32Ds+Cn (B indicates binary and H indicates hexadecimal.} Operation: @ (8] (Specifies binary input.) Emetic fme e [F (Specifies addition.) Besides @ 10110018 + 11008 = 11001018 is obtained. @ B9 (Binary input mode) Beebe value =) (Specifies subtraction)y Nemeses (@ 1000108 11018 = 101015 is obtained.
i 82 CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities @ &9 (Binary input mode) Menominee (Menu value puf; (0 (Specifies XOR) ) Meteoroid @ A XOR B = 110108 is obtained. @ B8 (Binary input mode) Emerita e e ) (Spies NOT) ) Confmsupperodecbisy | (Duper i LILIITIIILIILITS @ of A is obtained. # Complement, Shift Operation Example: Perform the following calculations. () Obtain the twos complement of 11001010B. (2 Shift 1 bit 1o the left. @ Shift FOCH 2 bits to the right. Operation: (Specious binary input.
CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities » Summary of Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal Key Operation i i T/ Sim Hex E *1 (subtraction), () (multiplication), Hexadecimal mode *2 1 Decimal mode *2 (division), (logical product) and sum} are also operated in the same manner.
86 CHAPTER 4 Builtin Software Utilities Doter 1) If the built-in software utilities are used, the contents of variables other than the array variables defined by the DIM statement will become meaningless, (Arrays specified by the DEF statement will also be cleared.) Also, since )Sands( )softhearted variables are used in matrix operation or for work, care will be required in the method of use in the BASIC program.
88 5-1 Writing Programs The example shown below is a program using BASIC in which the value of ¥ is calculated with the formula 91x + 125 by inputting the value of x. 10 INPUT 20 30 4¢ GOT 1@ 5@ END A BASIC program is a collection of “lines” with each line being composed of numerals (integers from 1 fo can be used) called fine numbers and statements (commands such as INPUT or formulas such as X4125 ). The program will also be executed in successive order starting from the smallest line number.
CHAPTER 5 Programming with BASIC Language In either case, always press the B3 key after correcting since corrections will not be made unless this key is pressed. *Preston display and correct the line immediately before a line being displayed. #1f there are additional programs following the corrected line in the case of 2), the next fine will be displayed when B8 s pressed. 1f G is pressed, the display will return to the initial state of the WRT mode.
92 CHAPTER B Programming with BASIC Language Press &9 to terminate execution of 2 program. The display will then return to the initial state of the RUN mode. [z # Other Methods of Executing a Program 1) RUN Line Number &9 This operation will cause the program o start from the specified line. number key is pressed after the &R key in the RUN mode, the program in the area specified by the number key will be executed from the first line. *#Variables are not cleared when executing 4 program.
| | 94 CHAPTER S Programming with BASIC Language < DIM mode and DEF mode > It will not be possible to specify an array by a DIM statement and 2 DEF statement. at the same time, That is, the computer will select hither the DIM mode or the DEF mode and will display the mode such as “DEF” if in the DEF mode. When power is switched ON, the computer will revert to the state it was in before power was switched OFF.
CHAPTER & . Programming with BASIC Language ‘F‘" 53 Variables 4) Effective range of array variables One array can be used in multiple programs since array variables are common far all program areas from 0 to 9.
CHAPTER 5 Programming with BASIC Language The DEEM command cannot only be used in manual operation but can also be used in a program. For example, if we wish to use array variables (20) in a program and assign a numeric value J to the program can be created as follows. Example: 1@ DEF 2@ variables are expanded. FOR J=0 TO 28 :232 Zidi=J Numeric valises are assigned to the array variables. 49 NEXT J ; +When the DEF command is used in a program, the number of variables will not be displayed when executed.
e o— 5.4 Method of Calculating the Program Length e free area used for programs and DATA BANK is 15584 bytes, This free area decreases as programs and data are written. {The figures shown al the upper part of the display in the WRT mode indicates the 1 of bytes) The number of bytes required to write programs The maximum capacity of th remaining umbel and data are calculated as shown below. e Line number .. . Two bytes for one regardless of the number between 110 ¢ Command One byte for one command.
CHAPTERS Programming with BASIC Language » Using Arrays with the DIM Mode In this example, we will process two types of data by using two-dimensional array variables. Example: Store the names and heights.of 15 people. Pe 10 DIM 2@ FOR INPUT 2o (NUT “HEIGHT” ‘ 50 NEXT C 1 60 END P1 1@ INPUT “NAME “ ,N$ 70 FOR THEN PRINT :GOT 1@ 40 NEXT C 5@ PRINT “NO NAME “ 6@ GOT Input the names and heights to PO since thug is the input program.
CHAPTER & Programming with BASIC Language 1f an error scows, specify the WRT mode by pressing @ FD) after releasing the error by &8 key and correct by calling the error line with the LIST command. 2. Debugging When Error Is Not Displayed 1f the desired result cannot be obtained without any error message displayed, there is 2 “bug” that does not become an error somewhere in the program. In this case, debugging Is carried out while executing the program.
| CHAPTER S Programming with BASIC Language We will now give a brief description of each function, If further details are desired, please refer to the command descriptions in Chapter 7. ® Storing Programs and Data on a. Cassette Tape To store programs and data on & cassette tape, connect a tape recorder 1o the computer by using the PF-40 or FA-S. < Connecting the terminals> Each terminal is connected as follows: Tape recorder FP40Y Black Black | . White e Gray == Gray Black FAR PEAR MIC: MIC terminal.
i ¢ CHAPTER & Programming with BASIC Language = Program Storing and Loading Sometimes the program carrot be stored because of the capacity 1f the previous program is erased, it cannot be used again. In cases of this nature, the cassette interface is very helpful. Commands for storing programs on a cassette tap! ALL”. “SAVE™ can only store 2 program located in @ single program area, while “SAVE ALL” can simultaneously store programs coated in all program areas.
CHAPTER & Programming with BASIC Language Precautions: Sometimes a program cannot be ‘stored or Loaded check the following items. & “Error 9" is displayed during storing. [Check point] Check if the computer is properly ¢o @ “Error 9" is displayed during Ina ding. [Check points] ) 1f the tape is stretched, replace it with a new one. 1f the head of the tape recorder is dirty, clean it. Set the tone control of the tape recorder to medium. ® No error is displayed but loading is attempted without success.
CHAPTER'S Programming with BASIC Languages Example: Store the contents of the exclusive character variable (8) and 13 variables from At Om. PUT $,A,M Store the contents of array variable A(10) with the file name “DATA” in the DIM mode. PUT Store the contents of 36 variables from A to Z (10) with the file name “CASIO” in the DEF mode. PUT “CASCARA" * Assuming that the variables are expanded.
CHAPTER S Programming with BASIC Language 1. Printing Program Contents Execute the LIST: command after pressing B2 in the RUN mode. If it is desired to print out the contents of all program areas from PO to P9, enter LIST ALES. After completing printing, do not forge to press E=() to cancel the PRINT made. 2. Printing Out Calculation Results When desiring to print calculation results, specify the PRINT mode by pressing @Izod by waiting “MODE 7" in the program.
CHAPTER Programming with BASIC Language e Modified Commands This computer Bi00setes NEW (NEW ALL) CLEAR (CLEAR A) CLEAR VAC l IF ~ THEN 1F ~; SAVE ALL . SAVE & LOAD ALL LOAD A VERIFY VER DEF (Can be written in a program.
CHAPTER§ Programming with BASIC Language The program is simplified by utilizing an ON ~ GOT statement as mentioned above; testing the data N is deleted. Programs and data stored on tape by CASIO’s handheld computers can be loaded as they are to this computer. However, the reverse optimize is not always possible. Therefore precautions shall e taken. The relationships are as follows.
120 Program Library In this chapter we will deal with slightly longer comprehensive programs, The first is a sorting program in which data are rearranged. Array variables are used in an interesting manner i this program, The second is an exciting game program. Please note the usage of the various commands from the examples of these programs.
6-1 Rearrangement of Data {Sorting} Sorting of disorderly data often becomes important in the creation of practical programs. Here we will introduce a program using 4 method called “bubble sort™, Consider a program to display the ranking of eight examines from No. 101 to 108 by sorting their points supplied.
CHAPTER & Program Library T Line Nos. 180 ~220 . . . Assigns ranking to data sorted according to sequence of scores. Correspondence of array variables will be as shown below in relation to a person of ranking A Examiners’ Nos. Scores. Ranking DT ,A e Line Nos. 300 — 360 . . . Displays sorted data in the order of ranking, examiner's No. and score.
CHAPTERS Program Library i@ FOR K=1 TO 4 326 PRINT DERRICKS: MIDST, LIBERAL, K33 338 GENT K 34§ GO SUE ABA: BEEP 356 PRINT 65 RS= KEVEN IF Ag="" THEM 368 g IF fecund* THEN 258 Zam I Nebulae THEN 368 392 e CASUALS? =l THEW 458 ao@ Ass MIDDEN, Driveler% 410 GREP ¢ PRINT @ PRINT "PLEASANTER" " AES ap@ TH PUT " MIME 430 IF T3 THEM 418 Al W02, J3=HCR, Tl TY 456 HEX T 268 PRINT a7p PRINT * ¢ START! 3°s 495 FOR k=1 TO 1B SEEP : HEX ¥ 498 PRINT 56@ REM main loop 518 IF E=2 THEW 508 53p FOR J=1 T0O 4 ST IF Gal THEW
CHAPTER & Program Library 6-2 Horse Race Game o Variables List Variable Role Variable Role a3 For keys and characters X Soap control satiable | Position of the spade | M For calculating prize | Position of the heart () | N Far horas number | Position of the diamond P Number of players | Position of thence | R Race number A(2, 1) | Random number of | | Player I's bet | Random number of () | | Ballplayer | Heathendom number of 42,4 | Random number of Dodson) X (1,7 .
130 CHAPTER Program Library 4) Race stars, @ [T &t (Exiling race s being taken) Race ends. {Placing decided. 4 wins.) (Player | loses.) (Holdings of player 1) (Player 2 wins $35.00.) {Holdings of player 2) (Do you wish to play again?) 6) Press (T to advance to the next race and press (0 for “GAME OVER”.
132 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference The following descriptions apply symbols and terms frequently used in the syntax. . One of the elements inside{ }muse be selected. The| | itself must not be written. . The element inside { | can be omitted. The [ ] itself must not be written. * OOH* The element with % on the top right can be repeatedly used. The *# itself must not be written. .
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference R U [Execution Start Line ® line No. Function: Program execution. Parameter: Starting line number: 1 € line number < Explanation: Executes a program from a specified line (when the line number is omitted, execution starts from the beginning of the program}. ; 2) When a specified line number does not exist, execution starts from the line with the closest larger number, 3) Variables are not cleared.
i CHAPTER 7 * Command Reference ~ £ sequentially is ivied, the contents of all PO T9 programs are $oq] e T e aced even in the WRT mode, displayed. Tn this case they are sequentially adv so edit cannot be performed. ) n & This command cannot be used while 2 password is specified. *]IST ALL can be abbreviates LIST A. Example: LIST &8 LIST 30 & LIST V& 136 7-1 Manuel Commands “Password™ @ Character string PASS Function: Specifies or.cancels a password. Parameter: Password: 1 < character string < 8.
138 CHAPTER 7 Communed Reference Precaution: 1f the password is forgotten after specifying, press the RESET button under the power switch and cancel the password. Note that this operation causes all programs and variable contents to be cleared. Example: PASS " CASIO"E *The same procedure is used for specifying and also canceling the password. v 7-1 Manual Commands o [“File name™] Character string SAVE (ALL) Annexation: Stores a program on a cassette tape.
140 CHAPTER 7 Command Fencer 7-1 Manuel Commands [ “File name”] ' ® [*File name™} ® LOAD [A L L] Character string Character string Function: Function: Loads a program from a cassette tape. Checks the status of a program and data stored on a cassette tape. Parameter: ALL: Loads the programs in all program areas. . . File name: 1 € character string < 8. Can be omitted. File name: 1§ character string < 8. Can be omitted.
v 7-2 Program Commands 72 Program Commands Numeric variable = numeric expression Character variable = character expression Function: Function: Terminates program execution. . . Assigns the value on the right side of the equal sign to the variable on the left. Explanation: . Since program execution is terminated, the next program is not executed even if Explanation: it exists. 1) A numeric expression corresponds to-a numeric variable, and a character expression corresponds to a character variable.
CHAPTER Commend Reference REM @ Comment Character string Function: Statement that expresses a comment. Explanation: 1) Written in a program. Content statement and is therefore not executed, 1t after REM in one line is treated as comment 18 REM Mot executed. 2) When a command to be executed is written on the same line, write a multi statement sigma before the REM statement. Example: 1@ -+ Determines program name. 36 Calculation Adds ornament REM to the line.
CHAPTER 7. Command Reference 9} If a character string data exceeding seven characters is input to a character variable, the first seven characters will be significant and the eighth character and after will be disregarded: Example: 1@ INPUT 20 INPUT 30 INPUT 4@ INPUT 146 A *NAME=" ,B$ 72 Program Commands B KEY$ ® Function: Eaters one character from the keyboard. Explanation: 1) Accepts the input of only one character from the keyboard. 2) Numerals, alphabetical letters and symbols can be input.
148 CHAPTER 7 Communed Reference PRINT [Output element] [Output element] }* ® Faction: Displays an cutout element. Parameter: . Output control -function (CSS, numeric expression, character expression. Output clement: Explanation: 1) Displays an output element. When an output control function is added, the element is displayed at the location determined by this function. 2) Values are displayed for numeric expressions and character expressions.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference Branched line No. ® GOT | :pummel Number 0 to 9 Sanction: Unconditionally branches to a specified location. Parameter: Line No.: 1t0 Program area No.: 0to 9. Explanation: 1) Branches to a specified location. 2) When a branched location is a timberline, branches to the specified June in the current program area and executes the program. ‘When the branched line number does not exist, an error (Error 4) occurs.
g 1 CHAPTER (Command Reference 72 Program Commands Conditional expression Statement | : statement]* ® l Comparison expression {ached location } Example: Line Branched location { # program area No. 10 N=12 20 .PRINT CSR 30 Function: 4a 1IF THEN N23 THEN N=23 Also, when 2 statement after THEN is a branched location, branching is peeper GOT 28 formed.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference Explanation: 1) Reputes process contained between FOR and NEXT statements a number of times specified by the control variable. The value of this variable is changed, from the initial 1o the final one, by the increment for each repetition of the process. When the value of the control variable exceeds the final value, repetition is terminated. 2) When the initial value is larger than the final value, the execution between FOR ~ NEXT is performed only once.
156 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference 7-2 Program Commands RETURN Function: Provides a return from the subroutine to the main program. Explanation: Returns to a statement located just after the statement which called the subroutine. Branch conduction [Branched location) ® O N Numeric expression GOS Branched location] | * Line No. * Branched location { # program area No. Function; Branches to a subroutine according to a branch condition. Parameters: Branching condition: Numeric expression.
CHAPTER 7 Com mind Reference A space following data is not disregarded. Therefore, an error will be generated if a space is inserted after numerical data. Example: DATA These spaces are not disregarded. Variable name [, [variable name] [ * READ Function: Reads the content of 2 DATA statement. Parameter: Variable name: Numeric variable or character variable. An array variable can be used. Explanation: 1) Allocates data in the currently specified DATA statement sequentially to a specified variable.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference Example: 10 DATA 1,2,3 2Q DATA 4,5 30 READ 49 RESTORE 1@ 60 READ F,G 60 RESTORE 20 70 READ H, i 80 PRINT A3BiCiDIEFF;GiH3I 96 END P UT [“File name”] variable 1 {, Variable 2]* & Character string Function: Stores data on a cassette tape. Parameter: File name: 1 < Number of characters of character string < 8. Can be omitted. Variable 1, variable 2: Specification of the variable to be stored. Array variables also possible.
162 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference GET [“File name"] variable 1 [, Variable 2}* ® Character string Function: Loads data stored on a cassette tape into a variable. Parameter: . ) ) File name: 1 < Number of characters of character string & 8. Can be omitted. Specification of the variable to be loaded. Array variables also possible. Variable 1, variable 2@ Explanation: 1) Loads data stored on a cassette ape into 2 specified variable. 2) Variable specifications are written as follows. GATE Loads in variable A.
CHAPTER Command Reference v 7-2 Program Commands BEEP -® {Number of variables to be added] & Numeric expression DEF Function: Generates a beep sound. Parameter: 0: Low sound 1: High sound 0 s taken by default. Explanation: 1) Generates a high or low beep sound. 2) Can be executed goth manually and in a program. Example: 1@ 20 FOR BEEP BEEP 40 NEXT B 5¢ PRINTOUT 18 FINGERPRINT B3 # Beep sounds are generated number of times specified. 164 Faction: Changes from DIM mode to DEF mode.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference Example: DEF 10 & DEF 0 10 DEF 19:CLEAR ! 2@ FOR PRINT 40 INPUT Z(J) 56 NEXT J 60 FOR 89 NEXT J : 90 100 DEF @ 11@ END %Obtains total of the 10 numeric values input. 166 72 Program Commands DIM [Amy name] [, Array name] * ® Function: Declares an array. Parameter: One-dimensional to thee-dimensional arrays can be specified.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference Example 18 DIM AC) 20 A(31=7 39 DIM AC) ae PRINT A(3) <« 0 will be displayed. 6) Error 6 will McEnroe if an attempt is made to use an undeclared array variable in the DIM mode. 7} Error 1 will scour when memory is insufficient. 8) Multiple array variables can be declared at one time by punctuating with commas. Example DIM 9) Contents of all array variables will be initialized 1o 0 o null string by executing the DIM statement. 10) Array declarations
170 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference M OD E Numeric expression ® Function: Sets the state of the computer. Parameter: . Numeric expression: Values below the decimal point are discarded. 4 € numeric expressionist <9 Explanation: 1) Sets the gargle unit and PRINT mode or releases these modes depending on the numeric expression used. 2) Settings are as follows. MODE .. Sets the angle unit to degrees. MODES . . Sets'the angle unit to radians: MODES . . Sets the angle unit to grads. MODE ..
CHAPTER Command Reference Explanation: 1) Tu puts statistical data and frequency to the statistics memory. 2) If the value of data x is omitted, the previous value will be used asx. 3) If the value of data y is omitted, the previous value will be used frequency is omitted, one will be considered the frequency. STAT LIST [{ }] ® Function: Outputs amount of statistics. Parameter: @ . Outputs all statistics. 4 . Outputs statistics for one variable. 5 Outputs statistics for paired variables. When omitted . . .
7-3 Character Functions 7-3 Character Functions ® LEN (Simple character variable) (Location [, Number of characters]) ® Numeric expression Homeric expression Function: ! Obtains the length of the character string in a simple character variable. Parameter: Simple character variable: An array character variable cannot be used. Explanation: 1) Counts the number of characters in a simple variable. 2) Usable character variables are simple character variables (AS, 3§, §, effete.
i i i CHAPTER 7 Command Reference V AL (Simple character variable) » ® Function: Converts characters in a simple character variable into a numeric value. Parameter: Simple character variable: An stray character variable cannot be used. Explanation: 1) Converts characters in a simple character variable into a numeric value. 2) When the content of @ character variable includes +, —, *, Eor E it is converted into a numeric value as it is. When A$ = *-1237, VAL(AS) > ~12.
Functions : ¢ Argument Argument Numeric expression cos Numeric expression Argument T A N Numeric expression Function: Obtains the value of a trigonometric function for a given argument. Parameter: Arguments Numeric expression ~1440° < argument < 1440° (degrees) -8 7 < argument < 8 « (radians) -1600 < argument <1600 (grads) However, for TAN, “Argument right angle” is excluded. 1 right angle =100 grad. Explanation: 1) Obtains the value of a trigonometric function for a given argument.
CHAPTER 7 Communed Reference 7-4 Numeric Functions HYPNOSIS e ® HYPHEN r.i2m.. ® Numeric expression ) HYPOS N HYPERSPACE emetic expression HYPE AN N Al argument ) HYPHENATE metric expression Function: Function: Obtains the value of a hyperbolic function for a given argument. Obtains the value of an inverse hyperbolic function for a given argument. Parameter: Parameter: Argument: Numeric expression Argument: Numeric expression Argument < 230.
T ‘ ‘ CHAPTER ? Command Sufferance | LOG L N Argument ' @ . Numeric expression Function: Obtains the value of a logarithmic function for a given argument. Parameter: Argument: Numeric expression. 0
184 CHAPTER? Command Reference ABS i Numeric expression Function: Obtains the absolute value for a given argument. Parameter: . Argument: Numeric expression. Explanation: 1) Obtains the absolute value of & given argument. 2) As a.rule, the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable or a uremic value. S G N ® Function: Obtains a value corresponding to the sign of a given argument. Parameter: Argument: Numeric expression.
186 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference FRANC Function: Obtains the decimal part of a given argument. entailment ) ® Numeric expression Parameter: Argument: Numeric expression. Explanation: 1) Obtains the decimal part of a given argument. Tis sign agrees with the sign of the argument.
| i CHAPTER? Command Reference POL (x coordinate, ¥ coordinate) ® Numeric expression Numeric expression Function: Transforms rectangular coordinates paler coordinates (r, 8). Parameter: x coordinate: Numeric expression » coordinate: Numeric expression lxl + iyl >0 Explanation: 1) Transforms rectangular coordinates (x, ) to polar coordinates (7 ,8) using the following relational expressions.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference NPR (Value of , value of r) ® Numeric expression Numeric expression Function: Obtains the permutations (#Pr) for given values of android. Parameter: . Value of n: Numeric expression | # and 7 are integer values with Vile of 7t Turmeric expression | the range <101, Explanation: ! 1) This function obtains permutations April 2) An error occurs contains fractions.
192 7-5 Statistic Functions Argument @ Numeric expression EOX 7-8 Statistic Functions Argument ® Numeric expression EOY Function: Obtains the estimated value of x for a value of y given as the argument in the paired variable statistics Parameter: Argument: Numeric expression giving the value of y. Explanation: 1) Obtains the estimated value of x for the value of y according to the linear regression expression the paired variable statistics of (x, ).
194 7-6 Others RAN # Function: Obtains a random number from O te 1. Explanation: 1) Obtains a pseudo-random number from O to 1 within 10 digit mantissa. 0 < random number < 1, Example: Provides a random amber with 1 digit from 0 to 9. INT(RAN# X% 10) Provides a random number with 1 digit from 1to 6.
186 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference 76 Others {Argument) ’ ® Numeric expression DMS $ HEX $ . @ Function: Converts a given decimal argument to a character string in the vigesimal notation. Parameter: Argument: Numeric expression. |Numeric expression < 10*°° Explanation: 1) Converts a decimal given as a numeric expression to'a character string in the vigesimal notation.
CHAPTER Command Reference &H Character string » @ Function: Converts a hexadecimal character string to a decimal value by placing this function at the beginning of a given hexadecimal character string. Parameter: Character string: Hexadecimal numeric stria. (Up to 4 digits) -32768 < &H character string £ 32767 Explanation: 1) If placed at the beginning of a hexadecimal, it will be converted 10 3 decimal integer value.
7-7 DATA BANK Commands NEW Function: Erases memo data in the DATA BANK. Explanation: 1) Erases all stored data. 2) Cannot be executed when a password is specified. 3) Can only be executed in the WRT mode. Example: (1] NEW #E3 =B LIST Function: Displays all memo data in the DATA BANK. Parameter: Outputs all memo data in the DATA BANK with record numbers attached. Explanations: 1) Displays ail memo data stored in the DATA BANK from the smallest record number in the order stored.
202 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference HAVES (G w Character string Function: Stores memo data in the DATA BANK on a cassette tape. Parameter: File name: 1 £ character numbers of character string < 8. Can be omitted. Explanation: 1) Stores all memo data in the DATA'BANK on a cassette tape. 2) Since memo daft cannot be stored with SAVE or SAVE ALL, always load memo data with SAVE#, 3)1f a password has bees specified, storing is performed with this password.
204 CHAPTER 7 Command Reference READ# Variable name [, variable name]* Function: Reads memo data from the DATA BANK. Parameter: . Variable name: Numeric variable or character variable. An array variable can also be used. Explanation: 1) Sequentially reads stored data to a variable. 2) Only numeric type data can be read fora numeric variable. If character type data are used, an errs (Error 2) occurs, the necessary data are read by a READ#statement, the following data are read by the next READ# statement.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference 7-7 DATA BANK Commends RESTORE $f [ mergansers (o)) ® [ { Line number program area number Function: Searches memo data in the DATA BANK and specifies the sequence of the data to be read by READ#. Parameter: Searched character string: Character expression. When 2 character string is used, place it inside * ™. Numeric expression. 0 < line number < Numeric expression. 0 < program area No. <10 Line number: Program arcs No.
CHAPTER 7 Command Reference WRITHE [ Eats [, Data)*] e expression expression Function: Rewrites or deletes memo data in the DATA BANK. Parameter: Data: Numeric expression or character expression. When & character string is used, place it inside * 7. Explanation: 1) Writes data in the record area currently specified by RESTORE#. 2) Data are newly written without any relationship to data existence in the appropriate record area. 3) When no data is specified, stored data in the record area are deleted.
210 Convenient DATA BANK Function The DATA BANK can hold all your private memorandum such as names, telephone numbers, addresses, dates, ete, The object data can be speedily retrieved from the large amounts of stored data without the need for a special program. Furthermore, combined with a BASIC program, you can use this function for an expansive range of duties such as schedules, tantalizing, etc. The use of the DATA BANK function is explained together with actual examples.
8.1 Specifying the MEMO IN Mode With its DATA BANK function, this computer can be used as an “electronic memo pad” in which data (memo dad) can be conveniently written and from which the necessary data can be retrieved by simple key operations. In order to utilize the DATA BANK function, it will first be necessary to input and store data. Specify the MEMO IN mode to input data to the DATA BANK. Pressing 58] will specify the MEMO IN mode and the display will appear as shown below. .
214 CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function 82 Inputting Data Next, enter the ELLIS’ data in Record 2. Operation: = TOE hazmat LILTS. 81— suzerain oen g BE e ZEBEDEE ELLIS i-73 sozzled aea g & ELLIS, In the same manner, enter the names and telephone numbers from FOX to HOT in successive order. Do not forget to press the & key at the end of each telephone number. Notes: 1. There is a reason for separating the name and telephone number with (comma).
8-3 Displaying the Data Contents To confirm the input data, display the data contents for the ten people now stored. Specify the RUN mode by Use the LIST# command to display the entire contents of the DATA BANK. The data in each record will be displayed successively at approximately 1.5 sec. intervals together with the record number. Operation B bty 9 YOUNG, B425-B1-8A32 1§ Espressos the G key to stop the display temporarily for checking the contents, Press the B key to resume the following display.
218 CHAPTERS Convenient DATA BANK Function Although the JONES’ data in Record 4 is displayed in this manager, the cursor is aot displayed. If a cursor movement key pressed, the & * symbol will appear and the cursor will be displayed. This stale is the BIT mode and memo data can be corrected in this mode. Move the cursor with a cursor movement key to the position to be corrected and, after making the necessary corrections, press the &g key. The corrected data will then be stored.
CHAPTER & Convenient DATA BANK Function 85 Retrieving (Searching) Data After all memo data stored in the DATA BANK have been displayed, the display will be cleared, and the “ &g ™ symbol will disappear. If the @ key is pressed here again, data in Record 1 will be displayed again. {The data in Record !Hols | zone T 0 displayed by pressing the T Toque 4. d7 &) key repeatedly.) HOT, — Butler R REG @ 10 = §3-054-43 (The “Bm3" symbol disappears and the cursor blinks.
222 CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function 85 Retrieving (Searching) Data o= : = suzerain i SULLIED { The SMITH'’s data in Record 6 will be displayed. If is pressed again, the SULLIVAN’s data in Record 7 will be displayed. If B3 is pressed-once again, the display will be cleared-and the cursor will blink. This means that there are no more names starting with “S”.
224 CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function The telephone number moves one space to the right each time the [Skye is pressed and the name will appear from the left. Operating B0 intrinsic of pressing the key 6 times displays the data from the beginning. If the contents in one record exceed 24 characters, it will not be possible to display these at one time.
226 8-7 Adding and Inserting balsa 1t is possible to add a new data next to the last record-or to insert a new record between stored records. 1} Adding Data suzerain the MEMO IN mode is specified, the computer will go into the key-nut waiting state and the record number will be displayed. Record number 11 is displayed and the cursor is blinking in the above example. The computer is waiting for input of data for Record 1 1. This also means that data for 10 records have already been stored.
228 CHAPTER R Convenient DATA BANK Function Examples of data output before and after rearranging are as follows: < Before rearranging After rearranging BROWN, ELLIS, Blu-B41-7335 FOH, B-021 —5682 HOMES, 952-93 15221 HILLS, 338632975 SMITH, B99-92-1087 SULLIVAN, BUS-835-7132 WATTS, 94567 KOIZUMI, 9425-81 -B838 HINT, BROWN, B-821 1234 F¥, 868215602 HOT » B-954-4321 HOMES, 852831 -5221 HILLS, 83-BE-2935 MOTH, B359-R21667 SULLIVAN, B73-a39-7132 WATTS, G467 -5 1-3559 YOUR, Q42531 -0638 8-8 Searching Using a Prog
CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function 190 READ 119 F=1 129 GO SUB 1000: PRINT $ 136 GOT 90 140 |F F=0 THEN PRINT “No Data 15@ GOT 28 100@ FOR J=1 TO 3 1910 BEEP 1: BEEP © 1026 NEXT J 1632 RETURN 197 bytes * Variables Table Variable name Contents J Control variable for the FOR ~ NEXT loop ¥ Flag variable (F.= 1 when the pertinent person'exists. the pertinent person does not exist.) Z5(1) ~ Z8(5) Stares the name entered.
CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function 160 17¢ 18@ 190 290 21@ 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 31e 320 330 34e 358 360 370 380 39@ 4e0 410 420 430 440 450 NEXT C FOR D=1 TO A+1 NEXT D RESTORE# FOR C=1 TO A FOR B READ# |F A=C THEN WRITE# NEXT D READ# $: WRITE# NEXT C PRINT RESTORE# FOR C=1 TO A RESTORE "M" READ $,E PRINT NEXT C RESTORE# IF A1 -1) READ® FOR C=1 TO B READ# $,E ,E PRINT NEXT C BEEP : PRINT *OVER" PRINT : END THEN RESTORE# "M"+ STRATA 500 bytes ® Variables Table 89 "Application to Nebular C
234 CHAPTER Convenient DATA BANK Function 9656 elation (Splays vertical total of the 1st column.) &2 (Displays vertical total of the 2nd column.) (G2 (Displays vertical total of the 3:d column.) g (Displays vertical total of the 4th column.) [ed] (Displays horizontal total of the ist line.) &) (Displays horizontal total of the 2nd line.) {5 (Displays horizontal total of the 31d fine.) (Calculation is over.
| CHAPTER & Convenient DATA BANK Function Now we are ready to calculate. tout 2 for o, -3 for b and 10 for ¢ as ar example. —3E 2@ -1e& = This function i BANK can be a highly convenient since calculating formulas stored in the DATA d to the Function Memory as they are. Note: When storing a formula name and calculating formula fn the DATA BANK, do n the record follow not store them in one record. Store the calculating formic ing ihe record in which the formula name is stored.
Character Code Table ! Numeric Functions ALt [1]” Format Function and input range Numerals | @ | (lee Capitol HERBICIDAL E F|GiH I JILL M NOPE : Trigonometric | SIN (Numeric | sin X1 < 1440° (87 rad, 1600gra) lets [ TRISTAN U Vial XY 2]~ = function expression) 2 # hereafter X a tableland glint Cos(x) <08 X1 < 1440° (8 rad, 1600gra) laris|tlulviw|x|yjz TAN(X) tan X1 < 1440° (8 rad, 1600grs) symbols | 2], [5]: except when IX1 is odd multiple of Graphic |O| £ < |a|@ X | 90° (/2 5ad.
Character Code Table spiel ALY Numerals (@ | 1]21374 (Pele Capital |A B|C[D E F|GiH|IIJIKIL M BANJO letters |0 Z »v|¢o Small ablcldlelf letters | ¢\ ls|t]u v wixly|z Symbols | 2|, ;] symbols [ of Follicle. » .1a|0] 1% *The characters and symbols in the above table are lined in sequence, with the space being the smallest and ¥ being the largest. (* % can be displayed by pressing Eeriness the extension mode.
240 Numeric Functions Numeric Functions Name of ; i Name of ) function Format Function and input range Tuition Format Function and input range oG log, Communion LOG 25y | Hexadecimal | &H Hexadecimal | &Hy | Character string contains hexadecimal logarithm decimal | character string number within 4 characters.
242 Errol’ Messages Error Messages Cause Countermeasure : Cause Countermeasure Error 1 » Unable to write programs Erase unnecessary programs i error 4 o No jump destination for the # Specify the correct jump Memory over | pans variables due to insufficient | with the NEW command or ‘ Undefined GOT or GO SUB statements. destination. or system capacity of free area. reduce the number of i error » There is no data to be read with | » Write dart stack over variables, ! READ/READ# or RESTORE#.
Error Messages ; Executor code/ Case Countermeasure Nor 7 » When the FOR lop nesting Nesting error {inserting a loop within a loop with nesting form) exceeds four levels. * The CLEAR statement was used in the FOR ~ NEXT loop, ®Move the CLEAR statement outside the FOR ~ NEXT statement. Error 8 Protect retro ® When the following occurs with the password specified. 1) Input of a different password 2) Execution of 4 prohibited command 3) Editing of a program 4 Loading programs with different passwords.
Emr Pi 246 Specifications Number of Program Areas: Maximum 10 (Po through P9} Number of Variables: 26 fixed variables, Number of Stacks: Subroutine; 8 feels FOR ~ NEXT lop: 4 Revels Numeric values: 6 levels Operators: 12 levels Number of Display Digits: 10-digit mantissa (including minus sign) and 2-DJ, Display contents: BUZZER, Exr, [5], RUN, WRT, RAD, GRA, DEF, [WEND, N, TRACE ON, PRT ON, stop Display Elements: 24-digit dot matrix liquid crystal display Min Components: C-MOS VLASIC and anthers Power Suppl
Index G SILTY 135 Gaussian function w15 K 182 cer 162 LOAD[ALL} 140 GO SUB 155 LOAD# 203 Go Ta g LOC 182 GRA (grads) 7178 Loop 154 0 B Main routine 161 Hexadecimal number 5,30 ; Hex g7 Mesmer 2 Manual operation 2 HYPERSPACE 181 : : I Pas lg1 Noncooperation 51 MEMO TN mode 7,212 HYPHENATE BBl dosage 47,145 HYPOS 10 e HYPNOSIS 180 tone 7170 HYPHEN 185 understatement 144 THEN 152 NCR 191 INPUT 145 Nesting 243 Insert key 6,17 NEW[ALL)] 133 ™T 18, NEW# 200 Integer portion 29 Newton's method 7 NPR 190 X Nul 141,1
LE LE Lin Lin Lin LIS LIS) 250 e e GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF UNINVITING THE 1.8.A. {not applicable to other areas). WARNING: This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and it instantiated and used property, that is, in strait accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference 10 radio and television reception.
