GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A, {not applicable to other areas). NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
PERSONAL COMPUTER OWNER'S MANUAL The contents of this manual may be subject to change without notice. Unlawful copying of all or any portion of this manual s strictly forbidden. Please be aware that the use of this manual for other than personal use without permission from BASIC is prohibited under the copyrighting law, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be held responsible for any damages or losses resulting from the use of this manual.
FOREWORD Thank you very much for purchasing the CASIO Personal Computer. This manual introduces and explains the scientific calculation function and BASIC programming language used with this computer. It is suggested that everyone from BASIC novices to veterans become familiar with the name and function of each part of the computer. before attempting operation.
PRECAUTIONS This computer is & product of CASIO’s high level of electronics engineering, testing, and quality control. The following paints should be carefully noted to allow this unit to provide the years of trouble free operation for which it is designed. « This unit is constructed of precision electronic components and should never be disassembled, dropped, or otherwise subjected to strong impact. Strong shocks can cause termination of program execution or alteration of the unit’s memory.
CONTENTS PART 1 UNIT CONFIGURATION 11 GENERAL 1 1-2 OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONS ..2 1-3 SYMBOL ) 1-4 KEYBOARD .5 1-4-1 Key top .5 1-4-2 Functions Noted Above the keys .6 15 ..6 1-5-1 Physical Lines and Logical Lines L7 1-52 Virtual Screen. .7 1-5:3 Screen Editor. .. .7 1-5-4 Display Contrast. ..8 16 DISPLAY CHARACTERS POWER SUPPLY .8 1-8 AUTO POWER OFF. 0 1-¢ CONNECTOR 0 PART 2 FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION . 1" 21 CAL MODE BASIC MODE .M 2-3 FORMULA STORAGE .12 2-4 DATA BANK FUNCTION (MEMO IN MODE).
|PART 5 DATA BANK 51 DATA 52 DATA DISPLAY 5.3 DATA EDITING.. 5-4 ADDING RECORDS . 5-4-1 Data Append 542 Data 55 DATA DELETE AND ALL 55-1 Data Delete 55-2 Darla All Clear 56 5-6-1 Conditional 5.7 USING DATA BANK DATA IN 58 DATA BANK FUNCTION APPLICATIONS . 44 ; PART 6 BASIC 45 61 FEATURES OF BASIC.. BASIC PROGRAM CONFIGURATION .46 6-2-1 BASIC Program ..46 63 BASIC PROGRAM INPUT. .. .47 8-3-1 6-3-2 Program 6-3-3 Program . 6-4 BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION. .52 6-4-1 Program Execution 6-4-2 Errors &5 COMMANDS ..
7-1-3 Cassette Interface . i 7-1-4 RS-232C 7-1-5 Electronics Interface (Printer Interface). 72 PLOTTER-PRINTER (PF-100) 7-2-1 Specifications . ., 7-2-2 Connections . 7-2-3 Data Printing . 7-3 CHARACTER PRINTER (PF-40) . ..ot 74 7-3-1 Specifications 74 7-3-2 Connection 7-4 RAM EXPANSION PACK (RP-8 (RP-33 (32KB)) 7-4-1 Expanded Memory Map .75 7-4-2 Handling RAM Packs. . .o 76 PART 8 PB-100 SERIES COMPATIBILITY 7 81 PB-100 SERIES PROGRAM INPUT/EDITING 77 82 PB-100 SERIES PROGRAM EXECUTION. . . 821 DEF Mode.
| PART 11 SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY . otter ca e, 176 11-1 1000 5010 5020 5040 5050 5060 5080 5090 5100 5200 5220 5230 5250 5260 5270 5280 5280 5300 5350 5510 5520 5530 3540 5850 5560 5570 5600 5605 5610 5615 5620 5625 5630 LIBRARY EXECUTION . 11-1-1 Activating The Library. 11-1-2 Library Termination 11-1-3 Library Activation Display. 11-1-4 Examples Used in This Manual .. .. 11-1-5 Precautions When Using the Library MEMORY CALCULATIONS PRIME FACTOR ANALYSIS GREATEST COMMON MEASURE/LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE . .
5635 5650 5655 5660 5665 5670 5675 5700 57056 5710 5715 5720 5725 5730 5735 5740 5745 5750 5760 5800 5810 5820 5830 5840 5900 5910 5920 5930 5932 5934 5936 5938 5950 5960 5970 5980 6210 6220 6230 6240 6310 AREA OF A POLYGON 236 SURFACE AREA OF A 237 SURFACE AREA OF A ZONE OF SPHERE . SURFACE AREA OF A SPHERICAL SECTOR . SURFACE AREA OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER SURFACE AREA OF A CIRCULAR CONE SURFACE AREA OF A FRUSTUM OF A CIRCULAR VOLUME OF A SPHERE . .
6320 6330 6410 6420 6430 6440 6450 6460 8500 6510 6520 6530 6540 6610 6620 6630 6640 6650 6660 6670 8680 6710 6711 6712 6720 6721 6722 6730 8731 6732 UPPER CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY (POISSON DISTRIBUTION) UPPER CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY (HYPER GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION) indie PERCENTAGE POINT (NORMAL DISTRIBUTION) PERCENTAGE POINT (¢ PERCENTAGE POINT {t DISTRIBUTION). PERCENTAGE POINT (F DISTRIBUTION} ..o NORMAL RANDOM NUMBERS EXPONENTIAL RANDOM NUMBERS SINGLE VARIABLE STATISTICS LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS .
6752 MEAN DIFFERENCE TEST (LEFT 6760 RATIO TEST (TWO-SIDED) 6761 RATIO TEST (RIGHT SIDED) 6762 RATIO TEST (LEFT 6770 RATIO DIFFERENCE TEST (TWO SIDED) 6771 RATIO DIFFERENCE TEST (RIGHT SIDED) . 6772 RATIO DIFFERENCE TEST (LEFT SIDED). .. PART 12 APPENDICES .. 395 121 CHARACTER CODE TABLE 395 12-2 ERROR MESSAGE TABLE .. 12-3 COMMAND/FUNCTION TABLE 12-4 RESERVED WORD LIST . ...t 400 SPECIFICATIONS .
1-1 GENERAL GUIDE elm-r o . L:Qé :QE%Q%FQQWQ%‘ ® IZ) (3 Power Switch 49 Alphabet Keys Memo Key ! @ Shirt Key @) Space Key @ Mode Key ‘{ @ Numeric Keys (2 CAPS Key @y Program Area Keys i @ Decimal Key 43 Cursor Keys @ Function Keys i ® Arithmetic Operator Keys (9 Insert/Delete Key ) Formula Storage Key i Execute Key {9 Break Key @ ALL RESET Burton .
1-2 OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONS @ Power Switch Slides to the right to switch power ON and to the left to switch power OFF. (@ Shift Key Used to enter BASIC commands and symbols noted in red on the key panel. Each press of this key causes the symbol switch ON and OFF on the display. * Throughout this manual, this key is represented by ] in order to distinguish it from the alphabetic (8] key. (@ Numeric Keys ~ (8)) Enter the numeric values noted on each key.
@ Insert/Delete Key Inserts a space at the current cursor position by shifting everything from the cursor position right one space to the right. In combination with the B key, deletes the character at the current cursor position and automatically fills in the space created by shifting everything to the right of the cursor one space to the left. Holding down this key for either function causes continuous high speed operation of the respective function.
@ P Button ( p ) (rear panel} Hardware reset button to halt commiseration caused by static electricity. Though execution is interrupted, memory contents are retained. The ALL RESET button should be used when the commiseration damages memory contents. Note that power switches OFF and then ON again when the P button is pressed. @ Screen A 32-column x 2-line liquid crystal display upon which 5 x 7-dot characters appear.
1-4 KEYBOARD mm Be | awdhhneho@e S e envenom e FREEBIE] BEHE0®m® 000 e B IEEE] BB A lank at the keyboard of the unit reveals characters and symbols located above the keys, These are accessed using the B and 1 keys. 1-4-1 Key top Functions Normal Mode In this mode, each key inputs the characters, symbols, or commands noted on the keys themselves. (This status is automatically set wham power is switched ON and immediately following the ALL RESET procedure.
Lower Case Mode Pressing the £ key shifts the alphabetic keys (only) to lower case characters, indicated by the CAPS symbol disappearing from the display. Pressing the £ key once lacks the keyboard into the lower case mode, while pressing again returns to upper case.
1-5-1. Physical Lines and Logical Lines The maximum display capacity of one fine is 32 columns, but internally the unit is capable of handling lines up to 255 characters dong. The display capacity line (32 characters) is referred 1o as the physical line, while the internal capacity line is called a logical line.
1-5-4 Display Contrast The display may appear dark or dim depending upon the strength of the batteries or the viewing angle. The contrast of the display can be adjusted to the desired level by rotating the control dial. Rotating the dial down (arrow direction) darkens the display, while ratting it up lightens the display. A weak display when contrast is set 1o a high [elev indicates weakened batteries, and batteries should be replaced as soon as possible (see page 9).
§ 1-7 POWER SUPPLY This unit is equipped with a main power supply {two CR2032 lithium batteries) and a back up power supply (one CR1220 lithium battery). Batteries should be replaced whenever the display remains dim, even after contrast adjustment. Batteries should also be replaced once every two years regardless of how much the unit has been used. = Battery Replacement Screws 1) Switch the power of the unit OFF and remove the " 9 rear panel of the unit after removing the two Screws . holding it in place.
1-8 AUTO POWER OFF The power of the unit is automatically switched OFF approximately & minutes after the last key operation (except during program execution), or the last Input for.an INPUT statement or PRINT statement.. Power can be resumed by either switch rig the power switch OFF and then ON again, or by pressing the ¢ key. * Program and data contents are retained even when power is switched OFF, but settings such as the number of digits or the mode (i. e. BASIC mode, MEMO IN mode) are canceled.
FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION This section covers the various modes available with the computer using a series of simple examples. These procedures should be mastered before attempting more complex operations. 2-1 CAL MODE The CAL mode is in effect each time the power of the unit Is switched ON. Arithmetic calculations, function calculations, scientific library execution, formula storage calculations, program execution, and data recall can be performed in this mods.
PROGRAM INPUT o) 1 & 10@AIEE WERE FOREFEET 406 HDE PROGRAM EXECUTION mows [y ] See PART 6 BASIC PROGRAMMING (page 45) for details on using the BASIC language. 2-3 FORMULA STORAGE FUNCTION The formula storage function makes it possible to store often used formulas in memory for calculation when values are assigned to variables. This function is applied in the CAL mode using the and [ keys.
Now calculate the selling prices of the following: PURCHASE PRICE PROFIT $1,000 30% $960 25% & PURGATORIAL 'PURCHASER 1000 &9 [PROF I T?_ PROF (770, 0036 SELL= 1488 571483 ] = BURGHER . [PURCHASER * 960 & Tattooer ] o PROFITEER Close SELL=_ 1280 As can be seen in this example, once a formula is input, it can be used repeatedly by simply assigning values for the variables. See PART 4 FORMULA STORAGE FUNCTION (page 33) for details. * The @ key can be used to terminate this function. 2.
2-5 BUILT-IN SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY This function provides a wide variety of useful scientific library that can be recalled and used in calculations in the CAL mode. Mathematical/Statistical operations — 116 types Operations are selected using the and @ keys. * For details, see PART 11 SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY {page 176). 2-6 SUMMARY Function Tate Function name Key operation CAL mode BASIC mode =3 1) Data bank 3 [3) Formula storage (e (0] + (W), G, B Built-in scientific library W + Library No.
CALCULATION FUNCTION This section covers fundamental arithmetic calculations and function calculations which are performed manually. 3-1 MANUAL CALCULATION PREPARATIONS Switch the Power of the Unit ON Indicators {Mode display) — Tes | ou o Cursor —— The display illustrated above appears whenever the power is switched ON. It indicates the CAL mode in which manual calculations can be performed. Currently specified angle unit, however, is retained even when the power is switched OFF. 3.
@516 34x5+18 ] Press six times to move cursor back to position of 4. This can also be accomplished by Cede) REFEREE 3 EXAMPLE: 181 (Replaces 4 with 3) For the sake of example, the above calculation will be performed with the value 33 mistakenly entered as 34. u@sEis6Eg [3435478 IEEE 3 €2 EXAMPLE: 188 83x5+18 188 181 (Move cursor to position for correction.) {Re execute calculation.) For the sake of example, the multiplication sign here will be mistakenly omitted and calculated.
EXAMPLE: ' For the sake of example, the above calculation will be performed with the value 16 mistakenly entered as 216, 33X 5(% 216 b TEE6+E16 381 [85XE+2186 {Moves cursor back to BE 3a1 position (Delta 2)) &8 [ats+16 ; (Evacuate calculable . elation) As can be seen in the above example, the & key is used to delete characters at the current cursor location. The () key can also be used to delete characters, but its operation is slightly different from Deletes the character at the current cursor location.
OPERATION: 56 W12 =2.5k9 .5 2g88.8 Negative values are entered by pressing the (S key before entering the value. EXAMPLE 3: (4.5 107) x 1077%) = -0.01035 OPERATION: 45 B 75X 78 & Z BE765%-8 3-78 Exponents are entered by pressing the (] key {(or the alphabetic (E) key) before entering the value. The following example shows how the result of one calculation can be immediately incorporated into a subsequent calculation.
3-3 PRIORITY SEQUENCE Arithmetic, relational and logical operations are performed in the following priority sequence: () , Functions Power . Signs =) *, MOD . Relational operators NOT AND . OR, XOR Nonporous EXAMPLE: (14+16 ) '2=5 [_ | NOTE: a. Calculations are performed from [eft to right when the priority sequence is identical. b. Complex functions (sin cos 60} are performed from right to left. ¢. Consecutive powers is performed from left to right.
20 EXAMPLE: Specified number of decimal places: 2 OPERATION: g ®2 = SET F2 10023 278, EXAMPLE: Specified number of significant digits: 3 OPERATION: SETTEE 12%34 BLUBBER 3-4 SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS ; The scientific functions (see the scientific function table on page 28) can be used either within programs or for manual calculations. For the sake of explanation, all of the examples here will cover only manual calculations.
EXAMPLE 1: sin 30° =05 OPERATION: Sinai 2.5 EXAMPLE 2: E oo cos % =05 OPERATION: (8]) Iodide T ) 8.5 9 & can also be entered EXAMPLE 3: sin % +008 % =12.232050808 OPERATION: FEO@ESNIDNEHEDBSDIOE W e wa 2.
Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions sing: hyperbolic sine sin" hyperbolic arc sine cosh: hyperbolic cosine cosh hyperbolic arc cosine tang: hyperbolic tangent tartan: hyperbolic arc tangent EXAMPLE 1: sing OPERATION: ! 568 flffiégg; 7 (Tt sparsity Acton s | EXAMPLE 2: ‘ i OPERATION: ! oEse® (e e Logarithmic Functions, Exponential Functions loge: common logarithm e*; exponent loge: natural logarithm EXAMPLE 1: loge 123 =4.
24 Other Functions SGN: Sign RAN#%: Random number ABS: Absolute values INT: Integer value FIX: Integer part FRANC: Fraction ROUND: Rounding * SGN For SGN (x), returns a 1 when x>0, a —1 when x<0, and a 0 when x=0, OPERATION: SINE SIGN B SIGN-2 & SIGN-2 * RAN# Generates a random number between 0 and 1 with up to 10 decimal places. For details, see PART 10 COMMAND REFERENCE. OPERATION: DEMODE T ©.2466898388 * The above is only a sample value, * ABS Returns the absolute value of x for ABS (x). 178.9+ —5.
* FRANC Returns the fractional part of x for FRANC (X). Fractional part of 8000+ 96. OPERATION: FRANC (1) 8000 ROUND “The function ROUND (X, ~Y) rounds the result of X at the Yth decimal place {resitting in Y1 decimal places). Round resit of 8000/96 to three decimal places. OPERATION: ROUND 8000 (1196 YAOUNDE@ /98 . ~4] 838.8338 Decimal + Vigesimal conversions DEG: Vigesimal — Decimal DBMS: Decimal — Vigesimal EXAMPLE 1: 12°34756” = OPERATION: EXAMPLE 2: 12.3456° = OPERATION: 6 24 12.
26 Decimal < Hexadecimal conversions &H: Hexadecimal — Decimal HEX$: Decimal — Hexadecimal EXAMPLE 1: 100 = 1600) OPERATION: 106 &g EXAMPLE 2: = 3E8s OPERATION: @' 1000 (e | 5EE 1200 * Hexadecimal corresponds to decimal FACT, NPR, NCR These function return the factorial, permutation, and combination of entered values. EXAMPLE 1: 10! = 3628800 OPERATION: \ FACT TO i) 510 ) 3826HED EXAMPLE 2: 10P4 = 5040 OPERATION: 59449 EXAMPLE 3: 10C2=210 OPERATION: i 2le |
REC < POL Converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, and vice versa. EXAMPLE 1: Convert polar coordinates (5, %) to rectangular coordinates (X, Y). OPERATION: 5 (Angle unit=RAD) MES ! i 4.330127018 {X coordinate) coordinate) i EXAMPLE 2: Convert rectangular coordinates (1, 1) to polar coordinates (r, 6).
28 Scientific Function Table Function Name | Formula Format Details Trigonometric | sin SIN {numeric expression) | 1440°
Function Name | Formula Format Details Rounding SOUND (x, y} Rounds x at position specified numeric expression Fix FIX {numeric expression) Returns integer part of x. Degree Sexagenarian DEG (d Converts vigesimal to decimal. -Decimal numeric expression PI x Pl 3,141592854 Random RAN# (numeric expression) | Returns a random number with 10 number decimal places.
30 Variables The following rules apply to variable names for all types of variables used with the unit. Variable names: 1. Are character strings with an upper case alphabetic character (A~ Z, internal decimal code 65~90) or lower case alphabetic character (a~z, internal decimal code 97 ~122} in the leading (first) position. (See the character code table on page 395 for internal cedes.) 2.
Logical Operators The application of logical operators is similar to that of arithmetic operators. The fractional parts of the data are truncated and the specified logical operation is performed bit-by-bit (each bit of the result is obtained by examining the bit in the same position for each argument). There are four different logical operators available with the unit. NOT Makes an expression not true. AND Expression is true if both parts are true, otherwise expression is false.
32 Relational Operators The hollowing operators can be used within-programs {only) to compare two values or strings. A true result returns a value of —1, while a false result returns 0. Equal to = Not equal to Less than < Greater than > Less than or equal to <= Greater than or equal With character string comparisons, each character in the string to the left of the operator is compared with each character at the corresponding position in the siring to the right of the operator.
PART 4 FORMULA STORAGE FUNCTION The formula storage function is very useful when performing repeat calculations. Three different keys are used when working with the formula storage function. .Stores presently displayed formula. .Displays formula stored in memory. [ values to variables in formula, and displays formula calculation result, Sample Application EXAMPLE: Obtain the value of y for each of the values assigned to x when coax, {Calculate in three decimal places.
B9 X7~ X78 ] X715 Y= 3.318 Y= 3.318 3.180 EEE = 3.180 Xenia Y= Y= 3.056 X7 . X781 B 31 e V= 2.840 B The f3 key can be used in place of the B key to perform repeat calculations. * The ¥ key can be used to terminate this function to automatically return to the CAL mode. 4-1 UTILIZATION FOR PREPARING TABLES Multiple formulas can be written by separating with colons { : ). Tables such as that shown below can be easily prepared by using this method. EXAMPLE: Complete the following table.
OPERATION: Faeroe Specification of number of decimal places Storing the formula kg (Calculation state) 4c)27 @ T X vain) 1) 178 (Y value) e Ed Continue ta input the values of X and Y in this manner, and the values of P and Q will be calculated in successive order and the table will be completed as shown below. X Y P=XXY Q=X/Y 4.27 117 4.996 3.650 817 6.48 52.942 1.261 6.07 9.47 57.483 0.641 2.71 4.36 11.816 0.622 1.98 3.62 7.168 0.
36 OPERATION: Blasphemed VOO ENDERNBSBIBSDHSEEE HAE2EEEDEAANASERNSNIDEEBLmMIEDS RHINOCEROS DI AADTUSIMI?(Galucualtion starts.) 1(7] 205 3@ he (Radius) 2227 HE (Right 2174 & HE {Radius) If the values of radius (1) and height (h) are input in this manner, volume (Vo) of the cylinder and volume (V1) of the cone will be calculated successively and the table will be completed as shown below. Radius r (m) | Height h (m) | Volume of a cylinder (Vouch) (m®) | Volume of a cone (V1 =15 Vo) {m®) 1.205 2.227 10.
by Y. ark _PART 5 __ IR DATA BANK FUNCTION The DATA BANK function built into this unit gives it the capability to totally replace a standard notebook. For the sake of example here, the following scientific constant table will be input into the unit's DATA BANK. SCIENTIFIC CONSTANT TABLE Name Symbol Numeric value Unit Remarks Acceleration of free fall g 9.80665 ms? FREE FALL Speed of light (in space) c 2.99792458 x 10° ms™' SPEED LIGHT Planck’s constant h 6.626176 x 10 Js PLANCK'S Gravitational constant G 6.
38 The symbols appearing in the center of the top line of the display indicate that the current mode is the MEMO IN mode. The value on to the upper right indicates the record number, which is actually DATA BANK data line number. The record number 1 indicates that there is still no data stored.
5-3 DATA EDITING Editing of stored data is performed in the MEMO IN mode course, data may also be changed during the input procedure (before B is pressed) by moving the cursor to the desired location using the cursor keys ( and (5] keys) and then entering the correct data. The following procedure is used to edit data which has already been stored. . Press () (9] {cursor not displayed) . Press . . . Locate record to be changed in the first line of the dipsomania. .
5-4 ADDING RECORDS New records can be added to previously input records. Records can either be appended 1o the end of existing records, or inserted between two existing records. 5-4-1 Data Append 1. Press Unit standing by for input of next successive record following previously stored records. 2. Enter data to append new record. 3. Press &g to complete procedure. 5-4-2 Data Insert . Press [ (9). . Press (& key. . Use display existing record to follow newly inserted record. . Enter data. .
DATA DELETE AND ALL CLEAR 5-5-1 Data Delete . The following procedure is used to delete specific records from previously stored data. . Press Press &9 key. . Press ) and recall record number to be deleted. . Press cursor key or ) to display EDIT symbol. . Press delete currently displayed record. All following records are shifted upwards. 5-5-2 Data All Clear Data bank contents are retained when the power of the unit is switched off and when the NEW, NEW ALL and CLEAR commands are executed.
42 5-6-1 Conditional Search Conditional search makes it possible to designate a specific letter, value, or word (up to eight characters long) in order to quickly locate a desired record within a large file. Entering
RESTORE # As with the standard RESTORE command, RESTORE # can be used 1o designate a specific position farm which the READ # operation is to be performed. FORMAT: RESTORE# Simply executing RESTORE # specifies that the next READ# or WRITE # operation is to be performed at the beginning of data currently stored in the DATA BANK.
44 5-8 DATA BANK FUNCTION APPLICATIONS The data bank function can be used to perform a variety of tasks in addition to the applications outlined in this section of the manual. Virtually any data imaginable can be stored. EXAMPLE: The formula storage function can be used in combination with DATA BANK to store, recall and execute formulas whenever they are needed. 1 4 5 The five formulas listed above are stored in the DATA BANK.
“1 er its BASIC PROGRAMMING Standard BASIC is employed as the programming language for this unit, and this section covers application of the BASIC language. 6-1 FEATURES OF BASIC 1. BASIC is much easier to use than other programming languages such as FORTRAN, making it suitable even for novices. 2. Writing programs is also easier because program creation, editing and execution are all performed by interacting with the computer itself. The following functions are also available: 1.
46 P fiancee Virtual Sores | | Actual Screen {8 lings) {2 lines) GCC 8. Expanded file management Such standard BASIC commands as OPEN, CLOSE, INPUT # and PRINT # are all available for data file reading and writing. 6-2 BASIC PROGRAM CONFIGURATION 6-2-1 BASIC Program Format The following is a typical BASIC program which calculates the volume of a cylinder.
Following the line number is a statement or statements which actually tell the computer which operation to perform. The following returns to the sample program to explain each statement in detail 10 REM stands for ‘‘remarks”. Nothing in this line is executed. 20 Assigns the constant 15 {radius} to variable R. 30 Displays H ? to prompt a value input for height. 40 Calculates volume (V) of cylinder. 50 Prints result of fine 40. 60 Ends program.
48 EXAMPLE: Program stored in area 3 Tws e 050 P B12%x456783 35218 | Ready P@ (214418 In the case of FX-880P) 35368 : Capacity (number of bytes) remaining in area for writing programs and data (FX-850P) (free area). The value will be 35368 (FX-B50P), and 214568 (FX-880P) when 214568 there are no programs or data stored in memory, with this value decreasing {FX-880P) as storage space is used. Ready P@ : Current program. area=area 0.
ONE-KEY INPUT The one-key BASIC commands help to make program input even easier. EXAMPLE: Line 30 input. SHE & S AR 6-3-3 Program Editing The procedure used for making corrections or changes to a program depends upon what step of program input the changes are to be made. () Changes in a line before is pressed (@ Changes in a line after bd is pressed (3 Changes within a program already input (@ Changes within a program following the EDIT command 1.
50 Characters can also be inserted and deleted using the following procedures. i) Insert 40 mistakenly input for 40 A0 V=PI XH2%H_ EEE (a8 V=P ixB2XH {Move cursor to location Y e | of insertion} ) 4% (Open one space) AZ (Input correct character = and press &g ) ii) Delete 40 V=PixRR” 2%H mistakenly input for 40 48 V=P R DEERE [0 VESPASIAN 2*A (Move cursor to character to be deleted) ) o 4@ V=PIXRZE®H (Delta character) & Y] TR 2XR (Editing complete} The () key works rather similarly to the @ & operation.
» location ] character } 0 char aced) ter) ote) e two ght om 3. Changes within a program already input The LIST command displays the program stored in the current program area from beginning fo end. , T REW _CYLINDER LIST fxg 29 R=15 B0 _END Ready PB The last line of the program is displayed when the LIST operation is complete. 12! HEM CYLINDER DRoEE® The 8-line virtual screen of the computer now makes it possible to use the cursor keys to scroll to preceding lines not shown on the display (see page 7).
4. Changes within a program following the EDIT command The EDIT command makes it easier to audit or review programs already stored in memory. o basic ore = EDIT & 1@ REM CYLINDER 20 R=15 From this display, advances 1o the following line, while returns to the previous line.
vd Display of the volume when this program is executed causes the STOP symbol io appear in the upper right of the display. This symbol indicates that program execution has been suspended because of execution of the PRINT command. Program execution can be resumed at this time by pressing the &g key again.
54 if) Program logic errors This type of error is generally caused by such illegal operations as division by zero or LOG{0). Such errors result in the following message being displayed: MA error PO~10 As before, this message indicates that a mathematical error has been detected in line 10 of the program stored in program area 0. In this case, however, program lines related to the indicated program line as well as indicated program line itself should be examined and corrected.
100 GO SUB 110 PRINT S;Y; Z 120 GOT 1 130 140 REM SQUARE ROOT/CUBE ROOT. 150 SORRY S 160 Z=CUR S. 170 ...Branch to subroutine starting from line 140 .Displays contents of variables 8, Y, Z Jump 1o line 10 .Program end Remarks .Square root calculation .Cube root calculation Return to the statement following the statement which called the subroutine ...Data read by READ statement in line 70 180 DATA 36...
56 GOT The GOT command {lines 50 and 120} performs a jump to a specified line number or program area. The GOT statement in line 120 is an unconditional jump, in that execution always returns to line 10 of the program whenever line 120 is executed. The GOT statement in line 50, on the other hand, is a conditional jump, because the condition of the IF ~THEN statement must be met before the jump to line 130 is made. * Program area jumps are specified as GOT #2 (to jump to program area 2).
nal 6-6 OPERATORS The following are the operators used for calculations which involve variables. Operators Arithmetic operators Signs +, Addition + Subtraction Multiplication * Division / Power ~ Integer division ¥ Integer remainder of MOD integer division — Relational operators Equal to = Does not equal > Less than < Greater than > Less than or equal to <= Greater than or equal to =, >= Logical operators Negation NOT Logical product AND Logical sum OR Exclusive OR XOR String operator + 1.
58 EXAMPLES: STRING A STRING B RESULT ABC ABC A=B ABC ABIDE AB (character code for X greater than that for A} A result of —1 is returned when the result of a relational operation is true (conditions met), while 0 is returned when the result is false (conditions not met). EXAMPLE: 10 PRINT 16>>3, .—1 returned because 10:>3 is true 20 PRINT 7<1.. .
288 et), ned 218, 5. Order of Operations Arithmetic, relational and logical operations are performed in the following order of precedence: scientific function wore ign —) 5.%, MOD 6. Addition and subtraction 7. Relational operators 8.NOT 9. AND 10.OR, XOR Lo Pt Operations are performed from left to right when the order of precedence is identical.
string Constants Strings within quotation marks (i.e. “ABC”, Closing quotation marks at the end of a line may be omitted (10 PRINT " TEST"" can be written 10 PRINT “"TEST) Multiple strings can be connected with a ** 4 sign. 6-7-2 Variables Numeric Variables The hollowing shows the numeric variables included in the sample program on page 46: PROGRAM NUMERIC VARIABLES 20 R=15 R 30 INPUT H 40 v Numeric variables are so named because their contents are handled as numbers.
6: Bic calling me teddy ing lay Eric Array Variables Both numeric variables and string variables can store only one data item per variable. Because of this, large amounts of data are better handled using array variables (usually referred 1o as simply Before an array variable can be used within a program, a DIM statement must appear at the beginning of the program to “declare” to the computer that an array variable is to be employed. EXAMPLE: Declare array variable A for storage of 21 data items.
EXAMPLE: ! E 100 data items : A Numeric variables 10 Al=61 1 20 . A9=30: A10=75 1 A12=84: A13=46 : A14=18 : A15=55 A 1 A77=69 160 A76=40: A77=69 : A78=51: ATG=01: A20=30 i Assigns values to variables u 170 AB3=23: AB4=37: AB5=84 | ir 180 A86=65: A87=23: AB8=98: AB9=51: ABUJA 180 A91=57: A92=78: A03=16 : AG4=39 : A95=46 E 200 R 210 .+ A48+ AS0 520 XX+ A1+ AGR T Ao Aop | Calculates sum 230 2+, .+A397" 2+ A40" 2 I 240 2+ .. .
es the nes evildoer R EXAMPLE: Array A (10) AMA(S) ] AUDRA As illustrated above, the array A(10) actually contains a total of eleven boxes, numbered from A(0) through A(10), with each box being capable of holding a different value. The actual term used to refer to a box is ‘element”. Recalling a stored value is performed by simply specifying the corresponding element number.
64 EXAMPLE: The following procedure is used to declare an array and store the data for five individuals and their points scored during a certain game, String array declared for names Numeric ray P(5) declared for points 10 DIM N§ (8), P of arrays to store names and points 20 FORTUITOUS 30 READ A$, X 40 Stores names to string array Stores points to numeric array 80 DATA SMITH, 70, BROWN, 68, JONES, 87, CARTER, 80, MILLS, 74 6-7-3 Summary Variable Types The three following types of variables are available for
al). Counting Bytes Used by Variables The following outlines the number of bytes reserved when a variable appears the first time within a program. « Numeric Variables {variable name length + 12} byes in variable area * String Variables (variable name length + 4) bytes in variable area and (string length + 1) bytes in string area Areas are reserved for array variables when the array is declared by the DIM statement.
68 6-8 PROGRAM SAVE AND LOAD The following save and load procedures can only be performed when the FA-6 interface unit is used. 6-8-1 Program Save Programs stored in the memory of the unit are protected by the memory back up battery even when the power of the unit is switched OFF. The entire contents of the memory, however, are deleted whenever both the main power supply batteries and memory back up batteries are removed from the unit at the same time, or when the NEW ALL command is speculated.
The error message illustrated above indicates that the program was not saved correctly. In this case, check the following items: * Verify the program again, this time appending “CASCARA” before the filename (VERIFY “CASE : BASIC” in the above example). » Ensure that connections between the computer and cassette tape recorder are correct and secure. ¢ Ensure that the volume level of the recorder is set to in the vicinity of its maximum. » Check whether the cassette tape is damaged.
PART 7 PERIPHERAL DEVICES A variety of peripheral devices are available for connection to this unit to provide even more computing power. System Configuration 8KB RAM 32KB RAN expansion pack |£ & expansion pack (RP-8) (RP-33) Data recorder Interface unit Personal computer, etc. lens EKn RE-235C interface | | | Printer interface FAS = g avocado FX-B50PIFX-B60P = g (PF-100) E{) + 4-color plotter-printer o Graphic printer, efc.
ore RS-232C MT connector AC adapter jack [ FA-B connector Printer connector & 7-1-2 Connections first and then the interface equipped with a remote fun: I as with tor tom ting ent. YR unit. 7-1-3 Cassette Interface cation. FA-B cassette interface unit terminals = Connector switch Power switch I — Ensure that the power of both the computer and the interface unit is switched OFF before attempting connections.
70 NOTE: The remote plug is not used when the recorder being used is not equipped with a remote function. The recorder should be set to its RECORD meed when performing recording of programs or data. For program loading, set the recorder to its PLAYBACK mode after executing the LOAD command. Single Program Save SAVE “file descriptor”” & (file descriptor may be omitted) The file descriptor can contain any symbols, characters, or numbers (except quotation marks). EXAMPLE: SAVE “CASE: AD1990" & may be omitted.
7-1-4 RS-232C Interface RS-232C Switch The RS-232C interface can be used for data communications after the switch is set to RS-232C, Specifications Communication method : Start-stop (asynchronous) full-duplex mode only Transmission speed : 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 baud Parity bit ¢ Qdd, Even, None Character bit length bits Stop bits bits CTS signal control ¢ Contra lino control DSR signal control : Controlling control CD signal control : Control/no control Busy control : XON/XOFF control/no control I
7.1-5 Electronics Interface (Printer interface) General The Electronics interface is used to output data processing results or program fists to a printer. Any Electronics printer can be connected to the computer via the FA-6 interface unit.
printer. nit. 7-2 PLOTTER-PRINTER (PF-100) The PF-100 is a four-coral plotter-printer capable of printing on A-4 size paper. The PF-100 has both a character mode and a graphics made which makes it possible to print on virtual any type of computer output. Character mode : Program lists, calculation results Graphics mode : Graphics produced by graphics commands 7-2-1 Specifications 4-color printing in black, red, blue, green Character effects : Chalices Print resolution @ Paper width .
74 7-3 CHARACTER PRINTER (PF-40) The PF-40 can be used to print out data or program lists of programs written on the computer. * Addition of an optional interface pack also makes it possible to use the PF-40 with PB-100 series and PB-700 series computers, 7-3-1 Specifications Print method : Thermal print system (non-impact) Columns : 40 standard (normal mode) 80 maximum (CHRIS mode) Print speed : Approximately 0.65 lines/sec (normal made) Paper feed : 1/6 inch or 1/9 inch Roll paper : Width 112mm, o.d.
uteri. -100 3-43 7-4 RAM EXPANSION PACK (RP-8 (RP-33 (32KB)) This unit comes equipped with a standard RAM of 8K bytes (FX-850F), 32K bytes (FX-880FP). RAM expansion packs are also optionally available for larger programs and for handling larger quantities of data. Addition of the RP-8 RAM pack expands memory capacity to 16K bytes (FX-B50P), 40K bytes (FX-880P), while the RP-33 RAM pack expands memory to 40K bytes (FX-850P), 84K bytes (FX-880P).
7-4-2 Handling RAM Packs . Preparation Static electrical charges can damage internal circuitry of RAM packs. Be sure to touch a door knob or some other metal fixture to discharge static electricity before handling RAM cask. pac Sowers e Procedure Switch the power of the unit OFF. ~ (2)Remove the back cover of the unit after removal | I ing the two screws holding it in place.
to touch a {ling RAM vying the RAM It in poor con; computer and: PART 8 PB-100 SERIES COMPATIBILITY This unit is capable of loading data and programs written for the PB-100 series™ computers and of executing PB-100 programs. Certain special commands are required, however, to allow program compatibility.
Though direct input of PB-100 series characters is not possible with this unit, they can be displayed using the CHRIS function. EXAMPLE: Display = PRINT CHRIS (&HE1) See CHARACTER CODE TABLE on page 395 for details on character codes. NOTES * A space must be included before the THEN THEN statement when the character preceding the THEN is alphabetic. Example: HEATHENISH IF3=A.
‘cane | character theses p when romp. colon. e used e same | ded g DEF The variables for this unit become as follows when DEF mode arrays are used. A Al A (26) A (27) (26) AS (27) B O B >(24) B (25) B (26) {25) BS (26) " And A$ are independent 6f each other DIM made variables A(0) The DEF mods is canceled by declaring an array using the DIM statement or by DIM . EXAMPLE: DIM DIM g DEF made -+ DIM mode DIM mode -+ DEF mode L DEF — DEF n j Declaring 3-dimensional array A (m, Only cancels DEF made.
80 8-2.3 DEF Mode Displays Using the DEF specification in manual (direct key input) execution displays the number of variables in the DEF array. This DEF display does not appear when DEF is specified within a program. EXAMPLE: 1063 |2 ? 8-2-4 CLEAR Command, DIM Command, DEF Command In DIM Mode and DEF Mode Executing the CLEAR statement with this unit clears the contents of variables and reserves a variable area, Executing this command in each mode produces the following results.
number specified res Serves : insults. > 5, conserves /s when Utes statements. programs to allow PREORDAINS DEE DIES & TESTY mE TES VE Search Testate AF TASTE BE | Load Fiesta Converting. Code conversion Converting. ..
PB LOAD ALL [< ‘1’} ] [“filename™] 1. This command loads all files under the specified filename into program areas PO through Pg. Operation is identical to PB LOAD. 1 | ptilename™] This command reads the data under the specified filename into the DATA BANK. 2. The [, M] specification appends the read data to the end of the data currently stored in the DATA BANK. Operation is identical to PB LOAD. PB LOAD # o)1 PUGET | H]‘J 1.
rough <. red in them array. 15t data cited: evaded syntax tidally PART 9 FILE HANDLING FUN DAME 9-1 FILING DEVICES Besides execution of programs currently stored in memory, this unit can also employ cassette tapes for data and program storage. Data and programs can also be exchanged with other devices via a communications circuit. The OPEN, CLOSE, PRINT #, INPUT #, SAVE, and LOAD commands are used for these purposes.
84 CADS : Positive phase Phase specification CASE : Reverse phase . S : 300 baud (300 bits/second) Speed specification F : 1200 baud (1200 bits/second) EXAMPLE 1: Reading data of a file named TEST, at positive phase, 300 baud OPEN ""CASE : (8) TEST” FOR INPUT AS #1 The file descriptor in this case is CASE : (S) TEST. EXAMPLE 2: Writing data to a file named SAMPLE, at positive phase, 1200 baud SAVE ""CASE : (F) SAMPLE™ The file descriptor in this case is CASE : (F) SAMPLE.
tape. tape.
EXAMPLE 1: Send the character string noted below to RS-232C using the parameters listed. Baud rate : 300 baud -» 2 Parity : Even » E Data bits : 8 bits » 8 Stop bit cubit -1 cs © Not used Not used » N Cch : Not used -» N Busy :Used » B Shift inf out : Not used N 10 OPEN PRINT #1, "HELLO.” 30 CLOSE EXAMPLE 2: Receive character string from RS-232C as above. 10 OPEN “COMO:2, INPUT #1, AS 30 CLOSE * Communications are performed via the RS-232C terminal.
consultations COMMAND REFERENCE FORMAT ELEMENTS The meted for entering statements is explained below. * Words in bold type are commands or functions, and they must be entered as shown. » Braces indicate that one of the parameters enclosed must be specified. ¢ Commas contained in braces must be written in the position shown. » Brackets indicate that the parameters enclosed may be omitted. Brackets themselves are not entered. * An asterisk indicates that the term preceding it may appear more than once.
(1Y) COMMANDS | =] ® PASS PURE FORM EXAM PURPOSE: Specifies or cancels a password. EXP FORMAT: PASS “password” 1. De String expression s y; EXAMPLE: PASS “TEXT"” : sta PARAMETERS: 1. Registering a single password makes it the password for ali program 3. Al areas (PO ~ P9) and for DATA BANK function. 4.Th 2. The password must be a string characters, 5. Al 3. All characters after the first 8 are ignored when 9 or more characters are entered. 7.Th EXPLANATION: 1.
® program characters exists. the pass Pr error. sword is # he saved word into the com the pass New [ALL] Y PURPOSE: Deletes a program. FORMAT: NEW [ALL] EXAMPLE: NEW EXPLANATION: 1. Deletes the program in the currently specified program area when ALL is omitted, Variables are not cleared. 2. “Ready Pn" is displayed on the screen after the program is deleted, and the computer stands by for command input. 3. All files that are currently opened are closed. 4.
MEMORY MAP cove System area 0880 RAM area for stack } 768 bytes Character variable data 1 Variable free area t (capacity can be referenced using FRO) Variable area Numeric variable data (capacity can be referenced using FREE} Variable table User's PO area area Pt area P9 area DATA BANK area Free area {capacity can be referenced using FREE} Program control area EXPANDED MEMORY CONFIGURATION (UNIT=BYTES) FX-B50P FX-880P FRE 1 3536 21456 Standard FRE 2 1536 8192 User's area 5072 29848 FREE 1728 29648 RP-8 RAM
inced STACK AREA ———For file opened using OPEN statement 70 BUFFER Capacity: 298 bytes (cassette tape) or 42 bytes (RS-232C) CHARACTER OPERATION STACK——— For character operations T STACK FREE AREA ges s y yes DATA STACK ~——rFor confirmation of operation and array variable contents FOR loop execution FOR STACK Capacity: 26 bytes/ioop For GO SUB branching GO SUB STACK Capacity: 8 bytes/branch FRE PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: SEE: EXPLANATION: 1. parameter=0 : 2. parameter=1 : 3.
LIST [ALL] "Il lE PURPOSE: Displays all or a part of the currently specified program. PUREE FORMAT: { start line number end line number 1] ) FOR usT Line number Line number | [ [ALL] | Exalt PAR EXAMPLE: LIST 100 LIST 100 300 EXP' LIST 400 1 e LIST Th PARAMETERS: 1. start line number: Integer In the range of 1 < line number = 65535 pr (first line number when omitted) 2.U 2. end line number: Integer in the range of 1 = line number < 65535 &t (end line number when omitted) di EXPLANATION: . 1.
ver = 65535 hen omitted) sor < 65535 hen omitted) 2 numbers. ] (i.e. written, ing “LIST .” ve that specie not executioner, press slayed. EDIT PURPOSE: Enters the BASIC edit mode. FORMAT: EDIT[ [ start line number | Line number or period I-1 EXAMPLE: EDIT 100 PARAMETERS: start line number: Integer in the range of 1 = line number x 65535 (first line number when omitted) EXPLANATION: ) 1, Enters the BASIC edit mode and displays the program from the specified line number.
RUN " Ti PURPOSE: Executes a program. FORMAT: RUN [ execution start line | Line number EXAMPLE: RUN RUN 100 PARAMETERS: start line number: Integer in the tangs of 1 =< line number < 65535 EXPLANATION: 1. Execution starts from the beginning of the program when the line number is omitted. 2. When the specified start line number does not exist, the first line number above that specified is taken as the start line number. 3. This command closes all files that are open. 4.
TRON ® . 65535 omitted. at multipurpose: Specifies the trace mode. EXAMPLE: TRON EXPLANATION: 1. Switches the trace mode ON and TR appears on the display. 2. All subsequent program execution is accompanied by a display of the area’name and line number. The first two lines are displayed, and execution is suspended. Program execution can be resumed at this time by pressing &g, 3. The program stays in the TRON mode until the TOFF statement is executed or the power is switched OFF.
FUNDAMENTAL COMMANDS END PURPOSE: Terminates program execution. EXAMPLE: END EXPLANATION: 1. Terminates program execution, and the computer stands by for command input. 2. Closes all files that are open. 3. Variables and arrays are not cleared. 4. Any number of END statements can be used in a single program. Program exaction is terminated and open files are closed automatically at the end of the program even if an END statement is not included.
jon is if an STOP ® PURPOSE: Temporarily halts program execution. EXAMPLE: STOP EXPLANATION: 1. Temporarily halts program execution and STOP appears on the display. Execution can be resumed by pressing B, 2. Pressing £ ¥ while execution is halted by the STOP command displays the current program area and line number, 3. Such commands as PRINT can be executed while execution is halted by the STOP command. Manual calculations can also be performed in the CAL mode. 4.
GOT PURPOSE: Branches unconditionally to a specified branch destination. FORMAT: branch destination ling number Ling number GOT # program area number single character; 0~ 9 SAMPLE: GOT 1000 ) GOT #7 PARAMETERS: 1. branch destination line number: Integer in the range of 1 = line number < 65535 2. program area number: single character, 0~9 EXPLANATION: 1. Specifying a line number causes program execution to jump to that line number in the current program area. 2.
GO SUB | PURPOSE: Jumps to a specified subroutine. : FORMAT: branch destination line number } Line number ! Go sue # program area number i ‘ Single character; 0~9 EXAMPLE: GO SUB 100 GO SUB #6 e parameters: 1. branch destination line number: Integer in the range of 1 = line number < 85535 2. program raga number: Single character, 0~9 EXPLANATION: rin the 1.
RETURN © E PURPOSE: Returns execution from a subroutine to the main program. PUI FORMAT: RETURN EXAMPLE: RETURN Fol EXPLANATION: 1. Returns program execution to the statement immediately following the statement which originally called a subroutine. 2. A GS error is generated when the RETURN statement is executed without first executing a GO SUB statement.
T ‘! |on Go To " PURPOSE: Jumps to a specified branch destination in accordance with a specified branching condition. FORMAT: ON condition GOT [branch [, [branch Numeric expression destination] destination]]* rent which destination branch line number . i executing Branch destination: ne number # program area number Single character; 0~ EXAMPLE: ON A GOT 100, 200, 300 PARAMETERS: 1. branch condition: Numeric expression truncated to an integer 2. line number: Integer in the range of 1 < line number < 65535 3.
102 ON GO SUB PURPOSE: Jumps to a specified subroutine in accordance with a specified branching condition. FORMAT: ON condition GO SUB [ branch [ . [branch Numeric expression destination] destination* destination branch line number Line number ‘ # program area number Single character; 0~9 Branch destination: EXAMPLE: ON A GO SUB 1000, 1100, 1200 PARAMETERS: 1. branch condition: Numeric expression truncated to an integer 2. line number: Integer in the range of number < 65535 3.
@ IF~THEN ~ ELSE/IF GOT ~ELSE ° d branch Purpose: Executes the THEN statement or GOT statement when the specified condition is met. The ELSE statement is executed when the specified condition son is not met. intonation* .
® 6. NE FOR ~ NEXT LSO PURPOSE: Executes the program lines between the FOR statement and NEXT state men and increments the control variable, starting with the initial value. 0 Execution is terminated when value of the control variable exceeds the 80 specified final value. 7.
=XT statistical value. cedes the scion proceeds an the fisher Forbearing NEXT A). able in 6. NEXT statements can be chained by including them under one NEXT statement, separated by commas. FOR STEP 3 10 FOR STEP 0.5 |20 PRINT 1, J 30 NEXT J 40 NEXT | 50 END FOR STEP 3 FOR J = 1TO 4 STEP 0.5 PRINT 1, J NEXT J, | END 7. The control variable regains the value which exceeds the final value (and terminates the loop} when loop execution is complete.
REM( ’ ) L PURPOSE: Allows remarks or comments to be included within a program. This compute mans is not executed. FORMAT: {REM } comments FOF Jesting expression X EXAMPLE: REM or EXA PARAMETERS: comments: Siring expression (internal codes 20 to 7E and 80 to FB) EXP EXPLANATION: 1A 1. Including an apostrophe or REM statement following the line number indicates that the le following text is comments and should be ignored in program execution. 2 N 2.
LET ® his compo FB) that the ate they ginning ecu ted. PURPOSE: Assigns the value of an expression on the right side of an equation to the variable on the left side. FORMAT: {LET] numeric variable name = Numeric expression {LET] string variable name = String expression EXAMPLE: LETA = 15 LET K$ = 123~ EXPLANATION: 1. Assigns the value of an expression on the right side of an equation to the variable on the Oft side. 2.
DATA PURPOSE: Holds data for reading by the READ statement. FORMAT: DATA [data] [, [data]]* Constant Constant EXAMPLE: DATA DATA CAT, DOG, LION PARAMETERS: 1.data: String constants or numeric constants 2. string constants: Quotation marks are not required unless the string contains a comma which is part of the data. A null data string (length 0) is assumed when data is omitted from this statement. EXPLANATION: 1. This statement can be used anywhere in the program to hold data to be read by the READ command.
°l| | READ " PURPOSE: Reads the contents of the DATA statement into memory. FORMAT: READ Variable name [Variable name |* EXAMPLE: READ A, B READ C$, X, Y PARAMETERS: Variable name . EXPLANATION: string 1. Assigns the data contained in a DATA statement to the variables on a one-by-one basis. (length 2. Numeric data can only be assigned to numeric variables, and string data can only be assigned to string variables.
RESTORE ® PURPOSE: Specifies a DATA line for reading by the READ statement. FORMAT: RESTORE [ line number ] Numeric expression EXAMPLES: RESTORE RESTORE 1000 tine 100 PARAMETERS: line number: Integer in the range of 1 =< line number = 65536 EXPLANATION: 1. The first DATA line in the program file containing the READ statement is the default option when the line number is omitted. 2. When a line number is specified, the first data item in the specified DATA line is read by the next READ statement execution.
PRINT ® 35 fault op numeric ) read data PURPOSE: Displays data on the screen. FORMAT: PRINT [output data]{ : data]* s Output data: TAB (Tab specification), numeric expression, string array EXAMPLE: PRINT “AD1990"” PARAMETERS: output data: Output control! function, numeric expression, ot string expression EXPLANATION: 1. 2. Output of a numeric or string expression displays the value or string on the screen. Control function output results in the operation determined by the function being performed.
9. Omitting the output data (PRINT command ably} executes a line change without halting execution. 10, Execution is not halted when this statement is executed while in the print mode (& (71). 11. Execution is not halted when-this statement is executed while in the manual mode. SEE: TAB SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 PRINT “'PRINT DISPLAYS MESSAGES” 20 PRINT "ON THE SCREEN" PRINT statement displays message on scree. 1z =1 FOR EXA PAR EXPO 1. Ut a 2.
out halting al mode. TAB PURPOSE: Outputs a horizontal tab specification to the screen or printer. FORMAT: TAB { tab specification ) Numeric constant or numeric variable EXAMPLE; PRINT TAB (5); “ABC" PARAMETERS: tab specification: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 0 < tab specification < 256. EXPLANATION: 1. Used in the PRINT, PRINT, and PRINT # statements to specify a display position on a line. Spaces are inserted from the left end of the line to the specified position. 2.
LOCATE I [c PURPOSE: Moves the cursor to a specified position on the virtual screen, PUR FORMAT: LOCATE _ X-coordinate , _ Y-coordinate EXA Numeric expression Numeric expression EXP. EXAMPLE: LOCATE 10, O The PARAMETERS: 1. X-coordinate: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range key X-coordinate <« 32 SAM 2. Y-coordinate: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 0 = Y-coordinate < 8 EXPLANATION: 1. Locates the cursor at a specified position on the virtual screen. 2.
‘| cLs ® PURPOSE: Clears the display screen. EXAMPLE: CLS EXPLANATION: The screen is cleared and the cursor is located at the home position. Pressing the &7 & @ range key or executing PRINT ; produces the same result. SAMPLE PROGRAM: @ range 10 REM CLEAR SCREEN 20 CLS X coracles screen.
SET PURPOSE: Specifies output format of numeric data. FORMAT: F number of digits | Single character; 0~9 SET ¢ E number of digits Single character; §~9 N EXAMPLE: SET F3 PARAMETERS: F number of Single character E number of digits Single character; 0~2 N Cancels current specification. Specifies number of decimal places, Specifies number of significant digits. EXPLANATION: 1.
gits. cant digits mint. The significant circulations BEEP PURPOSE: Sounds the buzzer. FORMAT: BEEP| Numeric expression EXAMPLE: BEEP 1 EXPLANATION: 1. A low tone is specified by BEEP or BEEP 0. 2. A high'tone is specified by BEEP 1. 3. Numeric expressions can be in place of 0 and 1.
o INPUT ® PURPOSE: Assigns keyboard data input to a variable. FORMAT: INPUT { [‘message“{ ) EXAMPLE: INPUT “YEAR=", Y, "MONTH=", M, D PARAMETERS: 1. message: Character string beginning with a string constant 2. variable name: Numeric variable name or string variable name EXPLANATION: Pressing the [ key or changing modes during execution of the INPUT statement tern Data can be input to the specified variable from the keyboard. Messages included in the INPUT statement are displayed.
°1 € slayed nation. sins made nation able, can, nd all when it trend 80 ® PINKEYE PURPOSE: Assigns a single character input from the keyboard to a variable. EXAMPLE: A$ = IN KEYS EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the character or performs the function corresponding to the key pressed during execution of this statement. A null string is returned it a key is not pressed. 2. The following operations are performed when the keys listed below are pressed during execution of PINKEYE. | &9 1 Terminates program execution. .
INPUTS C PURPOSE: Assigns a specified number of characters from the keyboard to a variable. PUR FORMAT: INPUT$ (number of characters) FOR Numeric expression D EXAMPLE: A$ = INPUTS (3) PARAMETERS: number of characters: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 0 = number of characters < 256 EXPLANATION: EXA 1. A string of the length specified by the number of characters is read from the keyboard PAR puffer. Execution waits for the keyboard input when the buffer is empty. 2.
® ® DIM able. PURPOSE: Declares an array. FORMAT: DIM array name { subscript maximum value [, subscript maximum value]*) Numeric expression Numeric expression the [, array name ( subscript maximum value [, subscript maximum value]*) 1* Numeric expression Numeric expression EXAMPLE: DIM AS$ (10}, BS (10), X (2,2, 2) oars PARAMETERS: 1. array name: Variable name . 2. subscript maximum value: Numeric expression truncated to an integer g EXPLANATION: 1.
ERASE PURPOSE: Erases a specified array. FORMAT: ERASE array name [, array name]*] EXAMPLE: ERASE AS, X PARAMETERS: array name: Variable name EXPLANATION: 1. Erases the specified array from memory. 2. An error does not result when the specified array does not exist, and the program proceeds 1o the next executable statement. 3. The ERASE statement cannot be used in a FOR~NEXT loop. 4.
1 pore the PEEK PURPOSE: Returns the value stored at the specified memory address. FORMAT: PEEK £ address ) Numeric expression EXAMPLE: PEEK (&H100) PARAMETERS: address: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of —~ 32769 < address < 65536. Negative addresses are added to 65536 and the contents of the resulting address are returned (i.e. PEEK (—1) is identical to PEEK (65835)). EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the value stored in memory at the specified address. 2.
POKE PURPOSE: Writes data to a specified address. FORMAT: POKE address |, data Numeric Numeric expression expression EXAMPLE: POKE &H7000, 0 PARAMETERS: 1. address: . Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of — 32789 < address < 65536. Negative addresses are added to 65536 and data are written to the resulting address (i.e. POKE -1, is identical to POKE 65535, data). 2. data: Numeric expression truncated to an Integer in the range of 0 data <256 EXPLANATION: 1.
& DEFENSE ge of 5536 antigen of area en to PURPOSE: Specifies segment base address. FORMAT: DEFENSE segment address Numeric expression EXAMPLE: DEFENSE =16 PARAMETERS: segment address: Integer within the range of —32768
ON ERROR GOT ’ PURPOSE: Specifies the line number to which execution branches when an error is generated. FORMAT: ON ERROR GOT branch destination line number Line number EXAMPLE: ON ERROR GOT 1000 PARAMETERS: branch destination line number: Integer in the range of number 565635 EXPLANATION: 1. Specifies the line number to which program execution branches when an error is generated.
® B RESUME Error is PURPOSE: Returns from an error handing routine to the main routine. FORMAT: NEXT RESUME return line number Line number EXAMPLE: RESUME NEXT RESUME 100 PARAMETERS: 1. NEXT 2. return line number: Integer in the range of 1
128 ® ERL PURPOSE: Returns the number of a line in which an error has been generated. FORMAT: ER = ERL EXPLANATION: The value of ERL can only be changed within a program, and the value is cleared when a program is executed or when the power of the unit is switched OFF, SEE: ERR, ON ERROR GOT SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 ON ERROR GOT 40 20 *error% % 30 END 40 PRINT "ERROR LINE="" ; ERL 50 RESUME 30 Error is generated in line 20 and corresponding error code is displayed in line 40.
orated. ed when displayed 2d when message sages. code is NUMERIC FUNCTIONS ANGLE PURPOSE: Specifies the angle unit. FORMAT: ANGLE angle specification Numeric expression EXAMPLE: ANGLE 0 PARAMETERS: angle specification: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 0=z angle specification<3 EXPLANATION: 1. The angle units for the trigonometric function can be specified using the values 0, 1, and 2. 0: DEG (degrees) 1. RAD (radians} 2. GRAD (grads) 2.
130 SIN C Cos TAN ™ PURPOSE: the argument. FORMAT: SN (argument) Numeric expression cos (argument) Numeric expression TAN (argument) Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: SIN (30), COS (PI/2) PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression {(angle) argument < 1440 (DEG) argument < 8r {RAD) argument! < 1600 {GRAD) EXPLANATION: Returns the value of the corresponding trigonometric function for the argument.
ASN ACS ATN ® slue for hen the PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns the value of the corresponding inverse trigonometric function for the argument. ASN (argument) Numeric expression ACS (argument) Numerical ATN (argument) Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. ASN (0.1) argument: Numeric expression in the range of =1 < argument = 1 (ASN, ACS) 1.
HYP SIN HYP COS HYP TAN PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns the value of the corresponding hyperbolic function for the argument. HYP SIN {argument) Numeric expression HYP COS (argument) Numeric expression HYP TAN _ (argument) Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the | argument is & numeric value or variable. HYP SIN (1.5) argument: Numeric expression HYP SIN argument] = 230.2585082 HYP COS argument £ 230.
® ® HYP ASN or the PURPOSE: Returns the value of the corresponding inverse hyperbolic function for the argument. FORMAT: HYP ASN {argument) Numeric'expression HYP ACS {argument) Numeric expression HYP ATN (argument) Numeric expressive n the * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable.
134 EXP PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns the value of the exponential function value for the argument. EXP () = & SEE: SAMPLE PROGRAM: Returns the value of the exponential function for the argument. EXP (argument) Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXP (1) argument: Numeric expression in tha range of argument < 230.
@ 1 the 5092 LOG LN ® PURPOSE: Returns the value of the corresponding logarithm function for the argument. FORMAT: LOG {argument) Numeric expression LN (argument) Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: LOG (2), LN (3) PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression LOG: 0 < argument argument EXPLANATION: Returns the value of the corresponding logarithm function value for the argument.
138 SQR PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns the square root of the argument. SQR (argument) ‘Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. SOR (4) argument: Numeric expression in the range of 0 = argument Returns the square root of the argument. SQR (x) : VX SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 FORBID TO 10 20 PRINT “SQR” ;1;SQR1 30 NEXT 40 END Displays square roots of values from 0 through 10.
“I| | ABS ° PURPOSE: Returns the absolute value of the argument. FORMAT: ABS {argument) Numeric expression hen the * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: ABS ] PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression EXPLANATION: Returns the absolute value of the argument. ABS (x) : Ix] SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 INPUT “INPUT NUMBERS™ ; N 20 ABSENT 30 PRINT; ABS 40 END Displays the absolute value of an input value.
SGN ® I PURPOSE: Returns a value which corresponds to the sign of the argument. PUF FORMAT: SGN {argument) Numeric expression FOF * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: SGN (A) PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression EXA EXPLANATION: PAF Returns a value of —1 when the argument is negative, 0 when the argument equals 0, and EXF 1 when the argument is positive. 1.F 2.
1 INT ® PURPOSE: Returns the largest integer which does not exceed the value of the argument. FORMAT: INT (argument) n the Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a humeri value or variable. EXAMPLE: INT (1.3) PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression 0, and EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the largest integer which does not exceed the value of the argument. 2. INT {x) is equivalent to FIX (x} when x is positive, and FIX (x} — 1 when x is negative.
FRANC Il R PURPOSE: Returns the fractional part of the argument. PUP FORMAT: FRANC (argument) ORN Numeric expression F * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: FRANC (3.14) EXAM PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression PAR EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the fractional part of the argument. EXP 2. The sign of the value is the same as that for the argument. ; EZ SAMPLE PROGRAM: FORNICATOR 10 5.Ra 20 N=RAN= %10 ed.
of RAN# PURPOSE: Returns a random value in the range FORMAT: RAN# (argument) Numeric expression * The parentheses enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: RAN# X 10 PARAMETERS: argument: . Numeric expression EXPLANATION: . Returns & random value in the range . Random numbers are generated from the same table when X=1. . The last random number generated is repeated when X =0. . Random numbers are generated from the random table when .
Pl PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: EXPLANATION: Returns the value of . Pt 1. Returns the value of #. 2. The value of = used for internal calculations is 3.1415926536. 3. The displayed value is rounded off to 10 digits, so the value of = is displayed as 3.1415982654. SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 INPUT ""RADIUS’ ; R 20 PRINT "CIRCUMFERENCE =" ; piker 30 PRINT 40 END Calculates circumference and area of circle after input of radius. FACT ® PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETER: EXPLANATION: Returns factorial of argument.
“| |NPR ® PURPOSE: Returns the permutation nPr for the values of n and . FORMAT: NPR ( value r value } Numeric _ numeration_ expression expression EXAMPLE: X=NPR (69, 20} o s PARAMETERS: n } Integer in the range of Onscreen 10 EXPLANATION: nt 1. Returns the permutation: nPr = " h-n! 2. A fractional value as either n or r generates an error. SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 20 X=NPR PRINT X Calculates 10Ps and displays the result. ®) — NCR ® PURPOSE: Returns the combination nCr for the values of n and r.
144 POL PURPOSE: Converts rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates {r, FORMAT: POL. ( x-coordinate s y-coordinate ) Numeric expression Numeric expression EXAMPLE: POL (3, 2) PARAMETERS: } Numeric expression. x| + Iyl > 0 EXPLANATION: 1. Converts rectangular coordinates (x, y) into polar coordinates (r, 8). The following relational expressions are used at this time: Sy Sy 2. The value of r is automatically assigned to variable X, while ¢ is automatically assigned to variable Y. 8.
conned REC ® PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Converts polar coordinates {r, ) 10 rectangular coordinates (x, y). REC (distance , angler ) Numeric Numeric expression expression REC (10, 15) distance ;. 0sr<10'® angle 6: —1440° < § < 1440° (DEG) ~8r
146 CHARACTER FUNCTIONS CHRIS ® PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns a single character which corresponds to the specified character code. CHRIS { code ) Numeric expression CHRIS (65) code: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of O=code <256 Variables can also be used as a parameter, and decimal parts of numeric values are truncated. A null is returned when a character does not exist for the specified character code.
ctr s of ted. ASC ® PURPOSE: Returns the character aced corresponding to the character in the first {leftmost} position of a string. FORMAT: ASC _ (string) String expression EXAMPLE: ASC PARAMETERS: string: String expression EXPLANATION: . 1. Returns the character code corresponding to a character, The character code for the first (leftmost) character only is returned for & string of two or more characters long. 2, A value of 0 is returned for a null string.
148 STRUT PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: 1. Converts decimal values specified in the argument to strings. 2. Converted positive values include a leading space and converted negative values are | preceded by a minus sign. SEE: SAMPLE PROGRAM: Converts the argument {(numeric value or numeric expression value) to a string.
) to are rte ® VAL PURPOSE: Converts a numeric character string to a numeric value. FORMAT: VAL ( string ) String expression EXAMPLE: A=VAL ('3457) PARAMETERS: string: String expression EXPLANATION: 1. Converts a numeric character string to a numeric value. 2. Numeric characters are converted up to the point in the string that a non-numeric character is encountered. All subsequent characters are disregarded from the non-numeric character inwards. (i.e. when A=VAL A=123). 3.
150 CALF ® PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: 1. Performs calculation of numeric expressions which are expressed as strings, and returns their results. 2. An error is generated when an intermediate or final result of calculation exceeds 10, 3. CALF cannot be used within a CALF argument. SAMPLE PROGRAM: Performs calculation of numeric expression expressed as string, and returns the result.
° MID$ ® and PURPOSE: Returns a sub string of a specified length from a specified position within & string. FORMAT: MID$ ( string . position [, number of characters | ) String expression Numeric expression Numeric expression EXAMPLE: MID$ (A$, 5, 3} PARAMETERS: 1. string: String expression 2. position: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of ums 1 position <256 3.
RIGHTS PURPOSE: Returns a sub string of a specified length counting from the right of a string. FORMAT: RIGHTS ( string , number of characters } String expression Numeric expression EXAMPLE: RIGHTS (“DEFINABLE, 3) PARAMETERS: 1. string: String expression 2. number of characters: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 05 number of characters< 256, EXPLANATION: 1. Returns a sub string of a specified length counting from the right of string. 2.
LEFTS PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns a sub string of a specified length counting from the left of a string. LEFTS { string , number of characters ) String expression Numeric expression LEFTS (“DEFINABLE, 3) 1. sling: String expression 2. number of characters: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 0= number of characters < 266. 1. Returns a sub string of a specified length counting from the left of string. 2.
154 LEN ® PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Returns a value which represents the number of characters contained in a string. LEN (string) string expression LEN (A$) string: String expression Returns a value which represents the number of character contained in a string, including characters that don’t appear on the display (character codes from &H0 ~ &H1F) and spaces. SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 INPUT “INPUT CHARACTERS” ; C$ 20 PRINT LEN (C$) 30 END Determines the length of an input string.
PURPOSE: Converts the 1 through 4-digit hexadecimal value following &H to a decimal value. FORMAT: &H _ argument Hexadecimal value EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: 1. The hexadecimal value is expressed using values 0 through 9, plus characters A through F. 2. In the manual mode, &H is entered followed by the hexadecimal value, Pressing B8 traduces the decimal equivalent. Example: &H1B7F &g 7039 3. The following shows a typical application within a program.
156 DEG ® PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Converts a vigesimal value to a decimal value.
Ffiw“w DBMS ? PURPOSE: Converts a decimal value to a vigesimal string. FORMAT: DBMS ( argument ) Numeric expression EXAMPLE: DBMS (1.52) PARAMETERS: argument: Numeric expression in the range of Numeric expression| < 10'° EXPLANATION: 1. Converts decimal values to vigesimal strings. 2. Minutes and seconds are not displayed when the argument is in the range of numeric expression = 1x 10° (1E6). In this case, the absolute value of the input value is converted to a string as it is.
O COMMANDMENT v PURPOSE: Outputs program contents to the printer. FORMAT: LILTS . [starting line number] [~ [ending line number]] ] | Line number Line number i g r [1-1 V[ALL] / EXAMPLE: LILTS 50 —~ 100 PARAMETERS: Both the starting line number and ending line number are within the range of 1 < line number = 65535. The last line number used by BASIC is specified when is used. 1. starting line number: Program line number from which program content printout is to begin.
PRINT ® PURPOSE: Outputs text 1o the printer. FORMAT: PRINT [output data] [{ "\ output data ] 1* TAB {numeric expression) Output data: Numeric expression String expression EXAMPLE: PRINT A, B PARAMETERS: output data: Output control function, numeric expression, or string expression EXPLANATION: 1. Outputs data to the printer. When the output data is a control function, the corresponding aeration is performed. Numeric or string expressions as output data result in printout of the resulting value. 2.
9. Actual printing begins when a carrier returnable feed aced is sent, and carrier return/line feed is performed automatically when printing reaches the extreme right of the paper. SEE: PRINT SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 PRINT 20 FORNICATOR 14: PRINT ; : NEXT { 30 PRINT 40 END Outputs a series of 14 asterisks to printer.
@ OPEN PURPOSE: Declares a file open for use. FORMAT: INPUT } OUTPUT A8[#] file number OPEN "‘file descriptor”l FOR { Numeric expression EXAMPLE: OPEN “DATA” FOR OUTPUT AS #1 PARAMETERS: 1. file descriptor: String expression 2. file number: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of 1 file number<2 EXPLANATION: 1. Opens the file specified by the file descriptor as the specified file number. Subsequent input to and output from open files is performed by designating the file numbers. 2.
162 CLOSE PURPOSE: Closes files and declares an end ta the use of the VO (input/output) buffer. FORMAT: CLOSE ! EXAMPLE: CLOSE EXPLANATION: 1. Closes a file and clears the file buffer. 2. An error is not generated even if a file is not open when this command is executed. SEE: OPEN SAMPLE PROGRAM: 10 OPEN CASE : TEST” FOR INPUT AS #1 20 INPUT #1, A$ : PRINT EOF (1)=0 THEN 20 40 CLOSE Reads and displays data from sequential file TEST (stored on cassette tape} until all data have been read.
PRINT # ® PURPOSE: Outputs data to a sequential file. FORMAT: PRINT# _file number [, output data | {‘L [output data ] 1*] Numeric expression ) [ TAB Output data: | String expression Numeric expression EXAMPLE: PRINT #1, A$ PARAMETERS: file number: Numeric expression truncated tc an integer in the range of 1=file number<2 EXPLANATION: 1. Sequentially outputs data to the sequential file specified by the file number. 2.
164 S 9 INPUT # PURPOSE: Reads data from a sequential file. FORMAT: INPUT# file number , variable name [, variable name]* Numeric expression EXAMPLE: INPUT #1, A PARAMETERS: file number: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of misfile number<2 EXPLANATION: 1. Reads data from the file specified by the file number. 2. Data are input in the same format as data input using the INPUT statement {see INPUT).
rammed* 1 the range oe INPUT). )Du) or CR, s and lead of combustibles, continued il no more INPUTS PURPOSE: Reads the specified number of characters from a sequential file, FORMAT: INPUTS ( number of characters , Numeric expression EXAMPLE: INPUTS (16, #1) PARAMETERS: 1. number of characters: Numeric expression truncated to an integer the range of 0
166 EOF PURPOSE: FORMAT: EXAMPLE: PARAMETERS: EXPLANATION: Indicates the end of file reading. EOF ( file number ) Numeric expression IF EOF {1) THEN END file number: Numeric expression truncated to an integer in the range of file number<2 1. Indicates the end of reading for the file specified by the file number. Generally, this function is assigned a value of 0, but the value becomes — 1 when the last record of a file is read. 2.
SAVE, SAVE ALL ® PURPOSE: Saves a program to a specified file. FORMAT: SAVE [ALL] ‘“file descriptor” [, A] String expression EXAMPLE: SAVE “DEMO” PARAMETERS: 1. ALL: Outputs all programs from P0 through P8. Can only be specified for output to cassette tape. 2. file descriptor: String expression 3., A: Specifies ASCII format. Binary internal format is the default option when omitted, Cannot be specified while SAVE ALL is specified. EXPLANATION: 1.
168 LOAD, LOAD ALL PURPOSE: Reads from a file into memory. FORMAT: LOAD [ALL] “file descriptor” [, A] String expression EXAMPLE: LOAD “DEMO” PARAMETERS: 1. ALL: Inputs programs to program areas PO through P9. Can only be specified for input from cassette tape. 2. file descriptor: String expression 3., At Specifies ASCII format for cassette tape. Binary format is the default option when , A is omitted. ASCII format is the default option for the communications circuit, whether specified or not.
VERIFY PURPOSE: Verifies the contents of a file stored on cassette tape. FORMAT: VERIFY “file descriptor” String expression ; EXAMPLE: VERIFY “CASE: DEMO™ PARAMETERS: file descriptor: String expression EXPLANATION: CURT N SEE: SAMPLE EXECUTION: . Verifies the contents of a file stored on cassette tape. . Parity and checksum data included within the file itself are used for checking. . This command cannot be executed in the CAL made. . This command closes all open files. .
170 DATA BANK COMMA NEW # PURPOSE: Clears DATA BANK data. EXPLANATION: 1. Clears all data stored under the DATA BANK function. 2. This command cannot be executed for data protected by a password. 3. This command cannot be executed in the CAL mode, but in the BASIC mode. SAMPLE EXECUTION: NEW# Clears DATA BANK data. LIST PURPOSE: Displays all DATA BANK data. EXPLANATION: 1. Displays in record sequence all data stored under the DATA BANK function. 2. The display shows the record number and DATA BANK data. 3.
LILTS # v PURPOSE: Outputs all DATA BANK data to printer. EXPLANATION: 1. Outputs to the printer in record sequence all data stored under the DATA BANK function. 2. The record number and DATA BANK data are both printed. 3. This command cannot be executed for data protected by a password. 4, This command cannot be executed in the CAL mode, but in the BASIC mode. SEE: LIST# SAMPLE EXECUTION: LILTS# [ Outputs DATA BANK data to printer.
172 LOAD # PURPOSE: Reads data into DATA BANK area. FORMAT: LOAD# | [ file descriptor] sighing expression | EXAMPLE: LOAD# “CADS : TEST” PARAMETERS: 1. file descriptor: String expression 2., M: Indicates that current execution is append to existing data. EXPLANATION: 1. Reads data to the DATA BANK area from the filch specified by the file descriptor. 2. The current contents of the DATA BANK area are deleted when “, M” is not specified.
9 READ # PURPOSE: Reads data from DATA BANK area. FORMAT: READ# variable name [ , variable name |* EXAMPLE: READ# AS$, X PARAMETERS: variable name EXPLANATION: 1. Sequentially reads data stored in the DATA BANK area and assigns them to variables. 2, Numeric data can only be read into numeric variables, and string data only into string variables. Mismatching data and variables generates an error. . Data items can be delimited by commas. . A DA error is generated when data are not present to be read. .
174 RESTORE # PURPOSE: Searches specific data in the DATA BANK area and changes the read sequence of DATA BANK data. . FORMAT: “‘object string” 0} [line number } | RESTORE# [ String expression #£program area number|] EXAMPLE: RESTORE# “SMITH” PARAMETERS: 1. object string: String expression 2. line number: Numeric expression. integer within the range of 0
WRITE # ® PURPOSE: Rewrites and deletes DATA BANK data. FORMAT: WRITE# | DATA BANK data { DATA BANK data Expression Expression EXAMPLE; WRITE # ‘‘ABRADE" PARAMETERS: DATA BANK data: String or numeric expression EXPLANATION: 1. Sequentially writes DATA BANK data from the current DATA BANK area pointer (see RESTORE 2. New data are written regardless of whether or not data already exist at the pointer location. 3.
176 PART 11 SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY 11-1 LIBRARY EXECUTION 11-1-1 Activating The Library The library function of the computer provides a total of 116 different utilities divided into a mathematical library, a statistical library, and physics and scientific library. The two methods described below can be used to activate the desired library in the CAL mode. 1. Library number + s key Activation of the library using this method is achieved by first entering a library number and then pressing the [ key.
{ In this case, the previous library utility (here, Library Number 5510; STRAIGHT LINE PASSING THROUGH TWQ POINTS) is reactivated. * In this example, the i key was pressed immediately following &4. The same result is traduced when manual calculations or a BASIC program is executed following G#. 2. Selection using the & key Pressing the & key produces a display of the library utilities built into the computer. The following operations can be used to locate a specific utility.
178 11-1-3 Library Activation Display The displays that appear immediately following activation of the library are of two types, and are referred to throughout this manual as follows. initial display Display immediately following library activation for value input, YES/NO selection, or list display. EXAMPLE 1] immediately following activation of prime factor analysis library utility (Library Number 5010).
11-1-4 Examples Used in This Manual The examples shown in this manual are generally presented as being performed immediately following library activation. When the library is activated, certain values (0 or 1) are stored for the variables used within the library. Continuously using the library without a break causes the values which have been entered or calculated to be retained.
180 MEMORY CALCULATIONS This function makes it possible to use the cursor keys to perform the four key memory (MC, operations. The following list shows the corresponding memory operation that corresponds to each cursor key. @ : MC (Memory Clear) Clears data stored in memory @ : MR {Memory Recall) Recalls data stored in memory [E : M(Memory minus) Subtracts from memory : M+ (Memory plus) Adds to memory Both the calculation result and memory consents are simultaneously shown at the bottom of the display.
EXAMPLE Perform the following calculations: 1.4 x 170=238 gm'] MERRITT M+1~1 1.4 l}flcg'] MHFT=T 120 @ 186% +i-7 MGt M+~ g wel +-1 3 MG D170 1.4x% FedEx MG { 238 Perform the following calculation: 3+7+sin30° (angle unit=degree) MET 1] MITT M-T-1] WFT~1 @ iL,, . 2 3 GCC] MAT 11 g-[fl Wl ~1 7= GCC] MRT ] qo‘l SIN Cér] MORT] Me[ =] Set the mode for the desired angle unit (DEG, RAD, GRA) before activating the library. (Memory clear) (Storage of 1.4 in memory) (Formula input) {Formula execution) 1 Recall of 1.
PRIME FACTOR ANALYSIS Performs prime factor analysis on an input value base. The input range of entered value ais an integer within the range of 2=a< 10 The analysis is performed by first determining if the value input for a is divisible which is assigned sequential odd numbers 3,5, 7. ) When b is a prime factor, the formula ai= AI b is applied and division is repeated until OPERATION P 1 T {ELB% 12107 i 5010 ars 86 < | EXAMPLE Perform prime factor analysis for a base of 100.
184 GREATEST COMMON MEASURE/ LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE Determines the greatest common measure (GCM) and least common multiple (LCM) for two entered integers (a, b}, within the range of 1za<10%, 1=b< 10" The GCM and LCM are determined using the Euclidean method. OPERATION G C.M. (1Za, Bi@10] 5020 (us) S.CM. [EXAMPLE] Determine the GCM and LM when a=5§ and b=2, G.o. M. ELC W E,C,Mé STEWART.
QUADRATIC EQUATION Determines the solution for o and 8 wham coefficients a, b, and c are input for the quadratic equation Root equations are used to determine the solution. .
188 CUBIC EQUATIONS Determines the solution for o, 8 and ¥ when coefficients a, b, ¢, and d are input for the cubic equation ax® + by Root equations are used to determine the solution.
| | | (Solution v display) &g lax-a) fxd axX8rbXxe a= @ 7. (Return to initial display) Here, the solutions of 2 are §=2, SOLUTION DISPLAY Pressing B8 or (T) displays «, 8 and ¥ in sequence. Pressing while displayed returns to the display Only a or « and § are displayed in the case of multiple roots.
190 5080 NUMERIC SOLUTION OF AN EQUATION (NEWTON’S METHOD) Determines the solution of the function y = f(x) graphed below for f(x) =0, using Newton's Method. y (Angie unit = radians) The following parameters are specified in order to determine the numeric solution using Newton’s Method.
EXAMPLE Determine the f(x) =0 solution of the following equation for f(x) = 2x® + 3x®— x—5, where the minute interval is the convergence condition is 0.0001, and the maximum number of convergences (Parameter input selection) Minuteman interval input) (Convergence condition input) (Maximum number of convergences input} ih.e.lac B0@a1 7 & Err (&587 = 0002201 0.0001 &3 Wallop ne 2@ 7o 308 Newton & method f(xi =@ 1:fix). x@ _ 1 going function fix) P (Functionality value input selection) Zxx GF9XKAB-X-§ .
192 NUMERIC SOLUTION OF AN EQUATION (BISECTION METHOD) Determines the solution of the function y =t(x) graphed below for f(x) = 0, using the bisection method. {Angle unit = radians) The following parameters are specified in order to determine the numeric solution using the bisection method.
2 0.0001 & 40 1 -5@Ed 5E & EXAMPLE Determine the solution of the following equation for f(x} where the convergence condition is 0.0001, the maximum number of convergences is.40, and initial values are o= —5, X1=5. 'Method of bisection T Err_ {Parameter input cx 0.0002081 _detection) Max_loop (Convergence condition 8@ ?.
184 MATRIX OPERATIONS Matrix operations make it possible to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, scalar product, determinant, inverse matrix, and transposed matrix calculations.
Now enter the elements in the sequence shown in the illustration 1o the right (D P =] = 0 (Matrix element entries) 1; 0E The unit returns fo the menu display once input of all of the elements is complete. At this ; point, it is advisable to review the values to confirm that input was performed correctly. | A = (MATRIX A specif! m P cation) i & = (Press &9 after confirm 7o mason) B = 1 = @ 37841 =-3 exi Matrix (Return to initial & >A.8.0.1 .
A Almanac} = (MATRIX A specific. cation) 26826 afire = @ (2-rowing-colurmn P . pacification) 11626916y (Element input) B (MATRIX B specification} 2pd2@8 —— . specification) 269 868 2691 x Ale.B)° . (Element input) 0.1 M.L.G.P ?. M ¥ A_-~ (Transfer of MATRIX MATRIX M} x Affect) BT K. L.C.P Pu The resits of most matrix operations are stored in MATRIX A, deleting any contents currently stored in MATRIX A.
Here, the result of A—B is .C.P ? B * ] K. .G.P ? K. .C.B P &= K. .C.P 7 = K. .G.P .C.P %7 . 4 Here, the result «B*A L Load ? Matrix BIER) ?_ Charlene «~ ¢ SASE MiTkt+.w m.l.o.P @ Matrix >A.B.0 . alE. 2 B2 SAH.
198 EXAMPLE 3] Calculate the determinant for the following matrix. First perform the multiplication in the first term by setting up the following matrices and then executing B(2. 87 -.x M.L.C.P ?_ A3 2k (MATRIX A set up) 26216906 -1 TETHER (Element input) x M. L.C.P (MATRIX B set up) B(E2. 3] (Element input) x M. L.C.F o {A-B calculation) {Result display} Next perform calculation for second term. B39 3 =8 {MATRIX B set up) 1E80Ed 18209 -3 B9 0 g0k 0k 2 Watt (Endearment input) A(3.3 T.K.+ . 7 att L.C.
EXERT] 3 (Return to Initial display) > TALKS M.L.C.P 7. Here, the result of the calculation Determinant, inverse matrix, and transposed matrix Determine the determinant, inverse matrix and transposed matrix for the following 3-column-row matrix. AIDE 38 T 1 (MATRIX A set up) {Element input) £ M.L.CoP {Transfer of MATRIX A C.P 7 ilo MEMORY MATRIX SIS Determinant {det A} D (Determinant) C.P 7 (Result display) c.P 7 & (Return to menu C.
200 "(Press B9 after confirmation) = |l = |Jmo|x = < BARRERA zvalvollvellve|ve velvet Here, the inverse matrix of MATRIX Transposed matrix (A') (Return to initial display) (Transfer of MEMORY %CATFISH M te MATRIX {Transposed matrix) {Transposed matrix display) (Press B after confirmation) L Load A Matrix Af _— T Transpose 2 e all.E = e a(t.3 | .X.M.L.C.P % ate.1] Q & >A.8.0 ) .¥ . M.L.C.P >A.B >A.B. T. >A.B. L.C.P 7 fEx T.K. k.x M. L.C.P ®M.L.C.P ? = W > J.K.+ %« M. L.C.
Scalar product EXAMPLE 5| Calculate the scalar products for the following matrices. 3l1 Ale 1}' B=[o 2] Multiply MATRIX B by the result of MATRIX A times three. A2 2ER 1EE 268268 1 K .L.C.P 7 * HELP menu Pressing (2] in the menu display produces a HELP display which exp lams the meaning of each command.
202 * Matrix display After performing matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, scalar product, determinant, inverse matrix, and transposed matrix calculations, the result of the calculation {contents of MATRIX A) is shown on the display. As with the HELP menu, (8] and (8) ( &) can be used to scroll through MATRIX A, * The operation of () and Ex is identical, with display being performed in the same sequence as the matrix element input. The (£ key displays the elements in reverse sequence.
MATRIX OPERATION FLOWCHART Library start menu display } B _[MATRIX A number] HIAWATHA A number MATRIX A of rows input of columns input element input ® _[MATRIX B number] MATRIX B number MATRIX B of wars input of columns input sentiment input MATRIX A element display B8 To next Next relent A+B element present? calculation To next ES ° T slam ant calculation & [To previous @ E element calculation A-? calculation A calculation kA calculation & [ eta calculation [ MATRIX A to Matrix 1 © MATRIX M to MATRIX A MAT
NUMERIC INTEGRATION (ROM BERG'S METHOD) Determines the integral value of interval [a, b] of the function graphed below using Rom berg's Method. ¥ y=flz} {Angle unit = radians) The following parameters are specified in order to determine the numeric integration using Rom berg's Method. a, b Interval € . Error conditions to determine number of divisions (> area } loop : Maximum number of divisions (positive integer) The initial value of the area is determined using the trapezoidal formula.
(X] B {Function specification) kg (interval input) 569 {Integral value display) g to many This display indicates that the integral value for the example is 2.7514. The message "not found™ is displayed when an integral value cannot be found. (Infernal of [0.1] in the same example) IMPORTANT Depending on the type of integration function ar the integration range, large errors may be generated in values obtained through integration.
206 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION (RUNG E-KUTTA METHOD) The differential equation expressed as = f(x, y) returns y(a) as the initial condition to obtain the numeric solution. h: Step size OPERATION 5220 [us) Deltas function dv/ax e EXAMPLE 3y Express the differential equation f(x, y) = solution where the step size is 0.1.
LAGRANGE’S INTERPOLATION An nth degree polynomial is created ta connect n + 1 points on a plane, and the data are interpolated according to the polynomial. This unit is capable of handling points within the range of 2:n =200 {n=integer). 7 Determine the n polynomial for the curve which passes through the four points noted on the left when n=4.
208 Here it can be seen that a value of 1.125 is obtained when x=4. * The “not found” message as illustrated below appears when interpolation is not performed using the nth degree polynomial. : not found GAMMA FUNCTION Determines the value of the gamma function within the range with six significant digits. The gamma function is expressed as the graph shown on the left. OPERATION 5250 ga: : 'perfection te
BESSEL FUNCTION Jinx) d?y 1 +_ Determines the elementary solution Jinx) of the Bessel differential equation y="0 within the range of 0=n=9 (integer), 0= x=30 {condition of x) with six significant digits. ¥ y=1x y=Jolx) y=dolx) : n=0 y=Jdi) : n=1 OPERATION 5260 3 {EXAMPLE Determine the Bessel function Jinx) when n=2 and x=38. 293 = Nix] o g (n and % value Input) n?e L x?3 Nix) . @ZxZ30 ] (Result display} nape 1 x7?3 J= @.
5270 BESSEL FUNCTION Lynx) 2 Determines the elementary solution Lynx) of the Bessel differential equation (1-— ) y=0 within the range of 0xnx9 (integer), 0
MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION In{x) 2, Determines the elementary solution In(x} of the modified Bess! differential equation within the range of 0=n=9 (integer), 0=x=10 (condition oi X X} with six significant digits. ¥ spiels) : n=0 : =1 OPERATION (0ZNZ8 6272161 5280 P 9en * Determine the modified Bessel function when n=3 and x=5. 35 Tn{ (n and x value input} in?d :x?d4 ‘l= | Thi (Result display) neg [TRT (Return to initial display) n?. Here, the modified Bessel function value is 10.3312.
212 MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION Kn(x) 12, Determines the elementary solution Kn(x) of the modified Bessel differential equation d y +% LAy within the range of 0=n=9 (integer), 0
COMPLEX NUMBER Complex number calculations encompass arithmetic operations, and to determine absolute values, arguments, squares, square roots, and reciprocal numbers. This unit is capable of a wide variety of complex number calculations, with the allowable range of input values < 1E80. OPERATION 5300 The complex number menu display allows selection of the following processes: Q M.E.
214 « Arithmetic Operations EXAMPLE Perform the following operations: 2+3) + (3-2) a] Complex number (Specification of com P plea number input) 2693 T F 51 {Input of complex num& M.L.C Pu ber A) Commingle number Blct+di) (Addition) {input of complex numb >A.B. 1.8~ ber B} This display indicates (2+3i) + The same procedure can be performed for subtraction, multiplication and division. * Absolute Values/Arguments EXAMPLE Determine the absolute value (r) and argument for {1+ 2i).
» Square/Square Root/Reciprocal number Calculate the following: @ @+ @ fi () Square Complex number Ala+bi) ERE 288189 A+, This display indicates Square Root . Gnmslgx number malathion] B4l B GENE 1.8, This display indicates Reciprocal Number A Complex number 3E92E 2307692 = §.15884681 >A.B. Memory Calculations Perform the following calculations using the memory function: (3+2) + (4+86) {3+420) &) Complex number (8+6717 sE2e8 >A,G. >A.G. 1.8, /. M.L.
216 © 7T (Assigns complex number's in memory 1o A= complex number A In place of re input) ! {Subtraction) ——mee— T (Assigns 8491 amber T This display indicates — * Exchange [EXAMPLE Set the following two complex numbers for complex numbers A and B: {5+ 2i), (3+4i) &) {Complex number A input IR (First set for complex numbs A} © {Assign the contents of complex number A to complex number B) Al (Input complex number A) 582 6B (Set 5.4.
BINARY-DECIMAL-HEXADECIMAL Binary, decimal and hexadecimal calculations encompass basic arithmetic operations, logical operations, twos complement, logical shift, and conversions. This unit is capable of combining binary, decimal and hexadecimal values, with the allowable range values being — 2147483648 ~ 2147483647 (32-bit). OPERATION 53508 | [7°F7, % AL XINGU.
EXAMPLE | The following operations may be used to enter values regardless of the current base mode setting: 15, D : Decimal 15 {hexadecimal F, binary 15,H : Hexadecimal 15 {decimal 21, binary 10101} 1010, B: Binary 1010 (decimal 10, hexadecimal A) Results are always displayed using the current base mode setting. « Arithmetic Operations [EXAMPLE Perform the following calculations: (1) 10110018+ 11008 @ coach 1BH (3)FFO0H +10108 D [DEC! 0.0, X | (Binary mode) >1.8 C.L.
{HEX]1 @B@ovFrae + . {Addition) 1010 =3 (B} &9 THE] madame {Binary value input) >1.8. /. This display indicates FF OOH + 10108 =FF0AH * Logical Operations EXAM Perform the following operations for A=1101018 and {DARBY (logical sum) (@A AND B {logical product) @A XOR B (exclusive logical sum) @A NOT (negation} ® TIDE 2 (Binary mode) A Q. X.N.C. L m input data x [BIN] (Value input specif Ix 7o cation) 110101 &8 jovial (value input) L.
220 @ al [nut data x (.B.D.HI T (Value input spaciest _Po 110101 &9 forgery x, /. A.0. ] (NOT) /. A0 This display indicates NOT « Complement/Shift Operations Perform the following operations: (D Twos complement of 11001010s (@ 1-bit logical shift left of (@ 2-bit logical shift right of cuff N.C.L.BR_ | B (Binary mode) H. X, /. A.0. X N.G.L.R7. o tads X T B O.
Base conversion 'EXAMPLE Convert the hexadecimal value AFC to its decimal and binary equivalents. TOE CT_ @ ) THE] {Hexadecimal mode) 31 /. A0 X N.C.L A% m Tinpot data x THE T |(Value input specif Ix P cation} F]3 (€ [HEX BRB@AFBC (Value input) Bebop >1. 8.0, H.+. % /. ? ® DETECT_ 44860 (Decimal mode) A 0. X.N.
222 STRAIGHT LINE PASSING THROUGH TWO POINTS Determines the straight line which passes through points P1 yz2) on a plane. ¥ y=ax+b OPERATION S510@ (TR, e EXAMPLE Determine the line which passes through points P1 (2,5) and P2 6.4) 2pE5 XEb TXE EVERETT (xE. vET | ’ 8.B5 . [x2.
A ANGLE OF INTERSECTION FOR TWO STRAIGHT LINES Determines the angle of intersection created by the two lines y1=ax+b and The calculated angle for y1 and yz is within the range of —90° The resulting angle unit is determined by the current angle mode setting.
EXAMPLE Determine the angle of intersection (in DEG mode) for the straight lines y1 =%x+3 and ya —2X+ EEX T Yeomanry of each ling's o x Needled] —= Indicates angle intersection is right " angle) B 1§ ~— (Return to initial 7. . display) DISTANCE BETWEEN POINT AND STRAIGHT LINE Determines length D of a perpendicular line from point P {x1, y1) and straight line y=ax +b. ¥ OPERATION 5530 glséagfe Tx1.¥1 EXAMPLE] Determine length D of a perpendicular line from point straight line y =5x+2.
ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT Determines coordinates of point P2 (X, Y) when a rotation of angle ¢ occurs from point P (x1, y1). The angle unit is determined by the current angle made setting. * The angle unit is specified as follows: (e 4] : Degrees w1 : Radians o) (6] : Grads ¥ PAPAYA) Pillory) OPERATION 5540 {x .yl foreigner? EXAMPLE Determine the coordinates of point Pz (X,Y) for rotation DEG mode) from point allele (P1 coordinates) anE e s | (coordinate dis 2.
226 CIRCLE PASSING THROUGH THREE POINTS Determines the equation for a circle passing through the points P1 (x1, y1), P2 {xz, y2), Pa (x3, y3). ¥ Prlx1,yi} Palpably) Paisleys) o OPERATION 5550 (ug) T YT TXE yaT (x8. y3) EXAMPLE Determine the equation for the circle which passes through points 659 cy ‘la o UXT¥T7. (XB. y81 (x3.y37 input) é . y2l (%8 ya] coordinated input} 1LX3= Circle Bite (a displayed following g Ps coordinate input) circle (b display) & b =-0.
LENGTH OF TANGENT LINES FROM A POINT TO A CIRCLE Determines length | from point P (x1, y1) fo a circle expressed by the equation + y-bf OPERATION 5560 (g [AFAR] 7’ EXAMPLE Determine the length { of a tangent line from point circle with center point O (6, 2) and a radius TTRYTYVYTY (Coordinates of circle's center point) (Circle’s radius) 2685 T V1T 7| (tangent line length & 1y display following input of point coordinates) =] e X1,y {Return to initial display) Here, the length of tangent line | is 3.
228 5570 TANGENT LINE EQUATION Determines the equations for two lines and their points of tang ency P2 (x2, y2), P {x3, ys) from point P (x1, y1) to circle O represented by the equation {x—ay* +y-bf= y =ex+d _ yr=ex+f Pillory) —A— x OPERATIC 5570 EXAMPLE Determine the equations for tangent lines and points of tang ency from circle centered on point O (4, 3) with a radius 168269 xtd & 1.6578785897 ) YET L yEextd (X3 .y81 . y=ex+1 G-AEEEIB41GES (x2.vel, x+d (%3. Y31 y=8X+f | & 735{8 ] +d (X3, y8) .
(x3.vAT V=ex+f | (Re display of line y2 stop) @ | (Re display of line y2 . 1 intercept) & Tit y1) (Return to initial display) Hers, the two points of tang ency are Pz (2.310102051, 4.0696938486), Ps (3.289897949, 1.130306154). The equations for the lines which pass through these points are: y2 = 1.579795887x + 0.4202041029 y3 = —0.3797958971x + 2.379795897 The result is displayed in the sequence and the display can be scrolled to view following values using (8 (or &) and previous values using .
230 [EXAMPLE Determine the area of triangle (a=10, b=5, =30 2 Gr side 105562305 | T blindside = (Two sides and include. . dangle) By T Triangle " o {Return to menu B 1B 2 ab-sines/2 display} Here, the area of the triangle is 12.5. EXAMPLE Determine the area of triangle (a=5, b=4, (Three sides) e (Return to menu display} Here, the area of the triangle is 6.
AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM Determines the area (8) of a parallelogram using one of the twa following formulas: OPERATION 5610 tnafill_alng & T (EXAMPLE] 1 {Base and height) (Return to initial) display) Here, the area of the parallelogram is 50. EXAMPLE Determine the area of parallelogram (a=10, b=6, §=30 included ~ (Return fo men Here, the area of the parallelogram is 30.
232 5615 AREA OF A CIRCLE Determines the area (8) of a circle using the following formula: §=rrt OPERATION 5615 radius Determine the area of a circle with radius r=5. 5Ed B t.radius 78.538981634 [ TE rea radius Here, the area of the circle is 78.53981634.
AREA OF A SECTOR Determines the area (S) of a sector using one of the following formulas: 1 V OS @8 rhino Eflo (Angle unit regress) OPERATION [Area (sector . 7 5620 g 1I8E2°%° %Ly e sapper EXAMPLE Determine the area of sector (1=6, r=8). 1 665 8 EBE "h——l T are T radius wavelengths radius) & (Return to initial display) semicircular radius arc Here, the area of the sector is 24. EXAMPLE Determine the area of sector (r=8, 6 =30 2 radius ¢ DEG 8330 & Tiramisus #.DEG (Radius and angle) & & 16.
234 AREA OF A SEGMENT Determines the area (8) of a segment using the following formula: = Green( 1)1 {Angle unit = radians) OPERATION Resitting (1771178 Tr arc 5625y il TIE EXAMPLE Determine the area of segment r=10}. 30 & T radius radius Area = 142.9489888 TTT-T¢8 17711178 STET e Here, the area of the segment is 142.9438996.
AREA OF AN ELLIPSE Determines the area (S) of an ellipse using the following formula: =aah ‘ OPERATION ] 5630 GB o EXAMPLE Determine the area of ellipse (a=4, b=8). i [xab ‘raddled (Randi ‘e Fee 75,39525369ri adieus (Return to initial display) ‘ Here, the area of the ellipse is 75.39822369.
236 AREA OF A POLYGON Determines the area (S) of a polygon using oné of the following formulas: Angle unit=DEG S botany @S natl, R) =FnRPsiny @S =t aleatory * n indicates the number of sides in the polygon. This means that n=5 for & regular hexagon. OPERATION Area (polygon] 5635 Ton.r—A 8in. 1A EXAMPLE | Determine the area of regular hexagon (r=5 1 Thurber 6EE5 Tine | (Specifies hexagon and radius of inscribed circle) = Area (patiently {Return fo menu 1in.r=A 3in.
i Determine the area of regular hexagon (1 =4). (Specifies hexagon and one side) : = 1 (Return to menu | display) Here, the area of the regular hexagon is 41.56921938. SURFACE AREA OF A SPHERE Determines the surface area (8) of a sphere using the following formula: r: Radius of sphere S=f=4rr? OPERATION | 5650 1| I Fireguards determine the surface area of sphere r=8. 8 B8 arr r8d] T T (Radius) Surface = Axr Traded {Return to initial display) Here, the surface area of the sphere is 804.2477193.
238 SURFACE AREA OF A ZONE OF A SPHERE Determines the surface area of a zones of a sphere using the following formula: h, a, OPERATION height Determine the surface area of zone h=2, a=4, b=5, r=6 of a sphere. 2pg Treadles {Neigh) ia= P Bride .. 464 a b r radius (Upper radius) 5pbg (Lower radius) Exrh+riag+pe] B b.r.radius {Sphere radius) Surface = £04.2035286 B9 ErTR¥zlae¥be] hi height {Return to initial display) h= Here, the surface area of the zone is 204.2035225.
SURFACE AREA OF A SPHERICAL SECTOR Determines the surface area (S) of a spherical sector using the following formula: 1 : Radius h : Height § =f (r,b) =2 writ rar OPERATION Erxrhtzar.a=J radius 5660 @ [E15a EXAMPLE Determine the surface area of spherical sector (r=5, h=3). 5 g R Height | (Radius) ’ 39 BRrRerar.a=J R heighten height) | Surface = 1BE,2827108 g Stadiums | (Reinitialize display) r= e Hare, the surface area of the spherical sector is 166.2307103.
SURFACE AREA OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER Determines the surface area (S) of a circular cylinder using the following formula: r @ Radius h : Height =2 xref 2 rr? OPERATION § — 5665 (ug A Balustrade hN. Relght 6 B Brasserie Ti radius h height |(Radius) 10 B Barnacle Trading h-relent | Height Surface = 5@83. 1857885 [exg] Ezrg+gar2 radius |(Retuntoinitialdisplay) r= Here, the surface area of the circular cylinder is 603.
SURFACE AREA OF A CIRCULAR‘CONE Determines the surface area (8) of a circular cone using the following formula: 5 =xr +rr? OPERATION r: Radius h : Height 5670 re radius Determine the surface area of circular cone (r=6, h=10}. 6 el RI7TETRETFATE R Relent (Radius) TE+NE ) +are (Height) Surface 332.8198432 B xrf Texture Fr radius {Return io initial display) r= Here, the surface area of the circular cone is 332.9190432.
5675 SURFACE AREA OF A FRUSTUM OF A CIRCULAR CONE Determines the surface area (8) of a frustum of a circular cone using the following formula: : Upper radius R: Lower radius h: Height § x(RE +17) OPERATION (AR T TURF TR (T ETF R FRET T2 5675 1R street Determine the surface area of the frustum of circular cone {r=4, R=86, h=10). 46 (Upper radius) 6 &89 {Lower radius).
| m VOLUME OF A SPHERE Determines the volume (V) of a sphere using the following formula: f ¥ : Radius | Vet = ! OPERATION 4rt3/8 Radius 5700 3 i } Determine the volume of sphere (r =6). | 6 b [dwr8/3 — T radius (Radios) | Volume = 904.7788842 . J Exe Adxr8/3 radius {Return to Initial display) Here, the volume of the sphere is 904.7786842.
244 5705 VOLUME OF THE ZONE OF A SPHERE Determines the volumes (V) of the zone of a sphere using the following formula: h : Height brh (327 +36% 427 OPERATION 5705 (i) t_1 THIRTIETHS a b radius EXAMPLE Determine the volume of the zone of sphere (a=86, b=4, h=2), 3=z g o radius b= @ _7_ 49 sentinel Firelight Volume 2 180 4575082 B8 /B aib radius Lower radius b : Upper radius Hers, the volume of the zone of the sphere is 167.5516082.
YA IV] VOLUME OF A SPHERICAL SECTOR Determines the volume (V) of a spherical sector using the following formula: Radius | B : Height Swarthy | OPERATION ‘ 5710 [ Torrens ‘ EXAMPLE Determine the volume of spherical sector h=2). | 663 grafter Structured Terrine |Radius) ! 2 Prepare T talus h Nelsen {Height) & Volume = 150.7984474 ) &g Zxrénés Radius h-height (Return fo initial display) r= Here, the volume of the spherical sector is 150.7964474.
5720 VOLUME OF A CIRCULAR CONE Determines the volume (V) of a circular cone using the following formula: ¥ : Radius b @ Height OPERATION 5720 EXAMPLE Determine the volume of circular cone h= 10). xxh Tiredness A height h hesitant Here, the volume of the circular cone is 261.7993878.
248 VOLUME OF THE FRUSTUM OF 5725 A CIRCULAR CONE Determines the volume {V} of the frustum of a circular cone using the following formula: + 1 Upper radius / \ R: Lower radius h: Height V=t OPERATION TR radius 5725 tarnish . EXAMPLE Determine the volume of the frustum of circular cone (r=4, R=6, h=10). 468 ggtéagrmfleva Fitted us (Upper radius) 669 HEREDITARY /3 Perihelion (Lower radius) {Height) .ye & (Return to initial display) Here, the volume of the frustum of the circular cone is 795.8701389.
5730 VOLUME OF A WEDGE Determines the volume (V) of a wedge using the following formula: £ h a:b:c: Sides boo : Height a b) = OPERATION 5730 (us) @b ¢ edge eglantine a= — EXAMPLE Determine the volume of wedge {a=6, b=8, c=4, h=5).
250 5735 VOLUME OF A PYRAMID Determines the volume {V) of a pyramid using the following formula: a:b : Sides h : Sight = abhor (Base dimensions) {Height} OPERATION 5735 gghéa?_ h:height EXAMPLE Determine the volume of pyramid (a=4, b=5, h=6). 455 5 B abhor headlight "abandon @ b:edge A gelignite Volume abhor a.b.edge height 8= 4 P (Return to initial display) Here, the volume of the pyramid is 40.
LY £:10] VOLUME OF THE FRUSTUM OF A PYRAMID Determines the volume (V) of the frustum of a pyramid using the following formula: 4 a:b : Upper sides c:d : Lower sides h : Height abed OPERATION hiettcd+/ (ABC /8 5740 whisper a edge EXAMPLE Determine the volume of the frustum of pyramid (a=3, b=4, ¢=8, d=8, h=12). 36468 /E Tepee |(Twosidesofa Mi height |(Two sides h{abtca+/ (Bold 1,78 Height {Height) Velum = 336 g 778 returnee to initial display) 8= — Here, the volume of the frustum of the pyramid is 336.
252 5745 VOLUME OF AN ELLIPSOID Determines the volume (V) of an ellipsoid using the following formula: barbie : Laius =4 babe OPERATION 4xab5/8 HENCE i 5745 auction_ ] a:b:ciradius EXAMPLE Determine the volume of ellipsoid (a=10, b=8, 10 B9 Scalawag Bib:c:radius {Radius a) 6 By (Radius b} 5 B3 ibic.radglus (Radius ¢ = ? & Ethic radius (Return to initial display) Here, the volume of the ellipsoid is 1256.637061.
5750 INSCRIBED CIRCLE AND CIRCUMSCRIBED CIRCLES OF A POLYGON Determines the radius of the inscribed circle and the circumscribed circle and the [length of one side of a polygon from a regular polygon’s area. Angle unit used is the DEG mode. OPERATION 5750 Egl(yasgn IR Reseal EXAMPLE Determine the radius of the inscribed circle and circumscribed circle and one side of a regular pentagon with an area of 450. 450 B9 Pnléggn Tr.R. 1) number (Enter area Polygon (Radius of inscribed riderless = 11.
5760 REGULAR POLYHEDRON Determines four the following parameters for a regular polyhedron when one parameter is input: : Length of one side : Radius of inscribed sphere : Radius of circumscribed sphere : Surface area : Volume
Here, the following data is calculated for the regular tetrahedron: Length of one side : Approximately 5.37cm Radius of inscribed circle : Approximately 2.19cm Radius of circumscribed circle : Approximately 3.80cm Surface area : 100cm? Volume : Approximately 73.12cm? EXAMPLE Find the radius of inscribed sphere (1), radius of circumscribed sphere (R), surface area (S) and volume (V) of a regular tetrahedron which has a length of one side of Scm. 5 I Ieut_lnnut Utes‘ T Tl ¢5 20t selection from 1 Bif .
256 5800 FACTORIZATION Displays the following 23 factorized formulas: 1. (a—b) 2. 3. (a+b) Verb b (8V2 Abby) 5. £bP = (ankh? . . a?+ B2+l 2be+ 2ea+2ab= {a+bte)? . attainability (af +ab+bd) (2~ ab+b?) 10, (a +b2+c? ~he—ca—ab) 11, (ad+be)? = (a® +b) 12. 13. (2 —d?) 14. (ad-be) 2= (a2 —b?) (! —d?) 15. = — (b—c) (c-a) (a—D) 16, (c—a) a—b) 17. at+bt+ et —2b2e—Ze2at—2a%b = (a la—b—e) 18. %2+ (x+b) 19. x*+ (x4a) (x+b) 20. a—b—c) 21.
F(p) £(t) £ 4 (Zfl%’fl paginate ) 2 @ 22— 2 08 traversal o %e misprint 08 % e ™eosnt 0| gl —saint) 0 ) 2 @D ;_Laa Crosshatch accost) 83 W 3 2 pailful tings-coshg ¢ — cosmos-sinhat &} 1+2¢ 2 2 L (p—m OPERATION Whelp 5840 scrolls to the following equation, to the previous equation, [ to the first equation, and [ to the last (36th) equation. Display a desired Laplace transformation equation.
PERIODIC TABLE Displays the periodic table of elements and atomic weight of selected elements. * Periodic table of elements ‘; Gos. 100734 2 ; Non-metallic elements | Metallic elements 1ot | vat 15350 gossamer ERE 125 1575 sni [redirection s w5955 0.
= Atomic weight (1) Atomic Element Symbol Atomic weight 1 Hydrogen H 1.00794.£7 2 Helium He 1.00260 3 Lithium Li 5.9 4 Beryllium Be | 9.01213 5 Boron B 10.81 6 Carbon c 12.011 7 Nitrogen N 14,0067 8 Oxygen o 15,9994 9 Fluorine F 18.998403 10 Neon Ne | 207 11 Sodium Na | 22.98977 12 Magnesium Mg | 24.305 13 Aluminum Al 26.98154 14 Silicon si 28.0855 15 Phosphorus P 97376 16 Sulfa s 32.06 17 Chlorine [+ 35.453 18 Argon Ar. | 39,948 19 Potassium K 39.0083 20 Calcium Ca | 46.08 21 Scandium Se | 44.
« Atomic weight (3) Comic Element Symbol Atomic weight 66 Dysprosium Dy 162.50 67 Holmium Ho 164.9304 68 Erbium Er 167.25 69 Thulium Tm 168.9342 70 Ytterbium Yb 173.04 71 Lutetium Lu 174.967 72 Hafnium HE 178.4s 73 Tantalum Ta 180.9479 74 Tungsten W 183.85 75 Rhenium Re 186.207 76 Osmium Os 190.2 77 Iridium Ir 192.2; 78 Platinum Pt 195.0s 79 Gold Au 196.9665 80 Mercury Hg 200.55 81 Thallium T 204.383 82 Lead Pb 207.
266 OPERATION 5900 Pressing (8] displays the following periodic element, while pressing displays the previous periodic element. Pressing (& displays groups 1a~ 8, while &) displays groups 1b~7b and 0. Pressing B enters input stand by, during which inputting a symbol of an element displays its atomic weight. EXAMPLE Display the periodic table at a specific location and display the atomic weight of silicon.
SCIENTIFIC CONSTANTS Displays the following 22 scientific constants. Alphabet keys A~Z can be used to assign displayed values to numeric variables A through Z. UNIT NAME & SYMBOL VALUE e ) Faraday constant F | 9.648456 108 Cemol™ 10° emu-meol™! Gravitational constant G | 6.6720 1071 mles™2ekg™H 107% ems gl Avogadro constant Na | 6.022045 102 mol™! 102 mol! Molar gas constant R | 8.31441 Remold K[ 107 gemology Kt Rydberg constant Reorg 1.097373177 107 mt 10° em™! Molar volume of ideal gas at s.t.p.
268 EXAMPLE Display the molar volume of id eal gas at s.t.p. and assign the value 1o numeric. variable V in CGS units. Then display the Avogadro constant and assign the value to numeric variable N.
270 MOTION AND ENERGY Displays the following 20 scientific formulas: NAME FORMULA Uniformly accelerated motion Newton's equation of motion Circular motion (1) Circular motion (2) Simple harmonic oscillation Hooke's law Spring oscillation Simple pendulum Potential energy (spring) Elastic energy Kinetic energy Coefficient of friction Work Kepler's law Universal gravitation Potential energy (interplanetary) Kinetic energy (interplanetary) Moment of inertia Angular momentum Conservation of momentum =4y Lo votar
272 WAVE MOTION Displays the following 16 scientific formulas: NAME FORMULA A —f1, sparsity tux Wave == A, arsing Y Velocity of transverse wave on a string v= l; Interference D4, le=lLi=nd Stationary wave med iz DY e Refraction of wave 41/ A2 ral fro =L /T Natural frequency f 7 7 Velocity of sound v gV YL Doppler effect £ Viol v Beat (fief) Reflectivity of light n1+nz Critical angle sinned Imbroglio wave A e Quantum condition graphology my Photoelectric affect advt bW Frequency condition {m>n) Light wave OP
5934 AC & DC CIRCUITS Displays the following 16 scientific formulas: Natural frequency {Natural oscillation) Electric oscillation NAME FORMULA Ohm's faw v=IR =2, Electric resistance {parallel, series) circuit DC power and Joule heat P= IV FR W=IVt=Pt Conductance Kirchhoff's law , V=0 Wheatstone bridge Rotor Rst instantaneous value (AC voltage and current).
5936 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS Displays the following 17 scientific formulas: NAME FORMULA Coulomb’s law (Electric field) Electric field Electrical capacity Electrical capacity (parallel, series) Dielectric constant o (Relative dielectric constant-€} Electrostatic energy Electron in electrical field Coulomb's law (magnetic field) Magnetic field H Magnetic field Magnetic flux density Lorentz force P 0= 9 E=Y g » FREQ, W=qV S @=CV, Reorg Ot 11,1 Citizen ¢ e EOE, Eco 1wy ?(,W s dme—ev H=g, H—Zr, H Limitless
276 THERMODYNAMICS AND OTHERS Displays the following 13 scientific formulas: NAME FORMULA Absolute temperature Heat capacity Mechanical equivalent of heat Boyle's law Thermal expansion (volume and temperature) Charles’ law Equation of state Law of partial pressures Q=CT=mcT W=J1Q, Constant (T =constant) y_T Vo To PV=nRT, 1 Pressure P= 3 nmv? Internal energy Specific heat Cu= 32 fLR' Cp 7% :STR Half lii ) Mass-energy relation E=me? OPERATION SOSes@ [Entertainment scrolls to the following formula, (] to the p
METRIC CONVERSIONS FOR LENGTH Displays the following 30 conversion formulas. Pressing B8 stores the currently displayed formula which then can be applied for calculation. CONVERSION UNIT CONVERSION FORMULA CONVERSION UNIT; CONVERSION FORMULA x {em) | x 0.01 '30.48 (em) 0.393701 (in) 0.3048 (m) 0.0328084 (#t 12 (in) 0.0109361 (yd) (yd] (mile} 0.000189394 [mile) (m] |x 100 {em) (yd) | X o9l.44 (em) 39.3701 (in) 0.9144 (m) 3.28084 (ft) . 36 (in) 1.08361 (yd) 3 (tt) 0.000621371 (mile) (mile) (in) X . 2.
278 Convert 110m and 300m to yards. DmOCgzIm Metric conversion (lens tn! {87 (Formula 9) XIm] —. xg) {Stores Formula ¢ in memory) 110 (110m = 120,2971 128.8871 yards) 1 (300m = 328,183 300 r mi?30@ o T & X[lydl= e yards} * Once calculation is complete, a different conversion can be selected by first pressing & followed by the g key. IMPORTANT “This library function is executed by first storing the conversion formula into the formula storage memory.
»rY METRIC CONVERSIONS FOR AREA Displays the following 12 conversion formulas. Pressing &g stores the currently displayed formula which then can be applied for calculation. CONVERSION UNIT CONVERSION FORMULA CONVERSION UNIT CONVERSION FORMULA (acre} | X 4046.86 (m?) 0.000247105 (acre) 40.4686 (a) {mile’) 0.0015625 (mile?) (a) 100 (m?) (mile?) 2589990 (m?) 0.0247105 (acre) 25899.
IMPORTANT This library function is executed by first storing the conversion formula into the formula storage memory. Note that the current formula memory contents are cleared by this procedure. Y )4V] METRIC CONVERSIONS FOR VOLUME Displays the following 30 conversion formulas. Pressing B8 stores the currently displayed formula which then can be applied for calculation. CONVERSION UNIT CONVERSION FORMULA CONVERSION UNIT CONVERSION FORMULA (m?) @t 28316, (em®) 0.0610237 0.0283168 (m%) 1728 (in) 0.001 0] 28.
EXAMPLE Display a desired conversion formula. = M? é']: cane (BT (Formula 2) X 4 BEEBE M? C (Formula Mt[a t T xig -~ g @ W Mat varsity 117 {Formula 1) x{¢c 2.0006 i EXAMPLE Convert 1800cem? to gallons (US), EBdE® nnnveéslng '} Formula 5) & ’ (Stores Formula 5 in memory and executes) 1800 &9 (1800cms = approximately 0.48 gallons) * Once calculation is complete, a different conversion can be selected by first pressing b followed by the g key.
LY METRIC CONVERSIONS FOR WEIGHT Displays the following 12 conversion formulas. Pressing B2 stores the currently displayed formula which then can be applied for calculation. CONVERSION UN(F | CONVERSION FORMULA CONVERSION UNIT | CONVERSION FORMULA x (e) X 0.001 283495 [g) 0.0352740 (oz) 0.0283495 (kg) 0.00220462 [1b) '0.0625 (1b) X (kg) 1000 (g) x (6] 453.59237 (g) 352740 [oz) 0.45359237 (kg) 2.20462 {1b) 18 {oz] OPERATION Metric conversion (weighty 17 5980 1x[8] -~ .
6 21 0 UPPER PROBABILITY INTEGRALS (NORMAL DISTRIBUTION) Determines upper probability for normal distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: Plural dx Pix 0 X OPERATION 8210@ [(27gT cheerer EXAMPLE Determine the upper probability for normal distribution when x =1.53. Upper Probability N(g. 127 = 2 7 153 €T probability NT8, 121 = & 2.06530Q08 gr_prohabiiity & 1.58 7 Here, the upper probability integral is 0.063008.
284 UPPER PROBABILITY INTEGRALS {x* DISTRIBUTION) Determines upper probability for x2 distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: P 0 (v : degree of freedom) OPERATION 6220 (s X2 (x2. v} Determine the upper probability for x? distribution when degree of freedom =4, and 4Eg gees grubbily {Degree of freedom} i Upper probability (Value of x3) Th per probability (The upper probability integral is 0.73578.
UPPER PROBABILITY INTEGRALS (t DISTRIBUTION) Determines upper probability for t distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: g2, = Plx, )= f P Voo dx (v : degrees of freedom) s l) YR\Z.Z =2 [ OPERATION 6230 ng?r?nrnbahillty tippex] Determine the upper probability for t distribution when degrees of freedom () = 2, and x =2.92. 2pg Uup:r Prob ab ity X TED] (Degree of freedom) X= B 9.
UPPER PROBABILITY INTEGRALS (F DISTRIBUTION) Determines upper probability for F distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: wow o p1%yg 2 dx (i degree of freedom 1; 1z degree of freedom 2) 5% ) (vat OPERATION 6240 Fix.vi.ovel Determine the upper probability for F distribution when degree of freedom 1 () =5, degree of freedom 2 and 5 Ed Unpin{ Probable 1ty Flx.71.ve) {Degrees of freedom 1) ves o 3E blobbed ity Flx. v, veJ {Degree of freedom Upper probability Fix.v1.
UPPER CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY (BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION) Determines upper cumulative frequency for binomial distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: B(z, n,0) =3 ()P N maximum value of x p: probability Q: Sum of frequencies produces past x {cumulative frequency) OPERATION 6310 Egmglgfws frequency EXAMPLE Determine the upper cumulative frequency for binomial distribution when the maximum value of x probability and x =4, 5 Cumulative frequency (Maximum value of x) 0(5}5 kg frequency Bl
288 UPPER CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY (POISSON DISTRIBUTION) Determines upper cumulative frequency for Poisson distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: Ay ) :mean value =$o. Plx Sum of frequencies produces past x {cumulative frequency) 0 1 2 OPERATION 6320 [Fingerling Trenchancy Pu xi) EXAMPLE Determine the upper cumulative frequency for Poisson distribution when mean value and x=4. 2@ cumglgtlv'é'freauency Pix.
290 PERCENTAGE POINT NORMAL DISTRIBUTION Determines percentage point for normal distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: (p) (b : probability) OPERATION 5410 Egrgeg:age points N{@. 12} EXAMPLE | Determine the percentage point for normal distribution when 005 Percent See Rots (Probability) " (The percentage paint is | 1.
PERCENTAGE POINT (x2 DISTRIBUTION) Determines percentage point for X2 distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: Apple: f:sgop 2&%) e~ data » degree of freedom { T: gamma function } P probability OPERATION 6420 points E PLE Determine the percentage point for x2 distribution when degree of freedom =2, and probability 269 paints XE{XE v} {Degree of freedom) p= @ 7?_ Percentage points Percentage Points XE[x 7 (The percentage point is x2= 1.3863 . 1.
292 PERCENTAGE POINT (t DISTRIBUTION) Determines percentage point for t distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: . / UBS ) p : probability -tp(V) tp (V) OPERATION EXAMPLE Determine the percentage point for t distribution when degree of freedom {v} = 1, and probability 168 Sargent REWIRES Tlx.v] {Degree of freedom) p= P 0505 & Percentage points Tux (Probability) Parascending Nintendo Tlx.#1 (The percentage paint is 6.
PERCENTAGE POINT 6440 (F DISTRIBUTION) Determines percentage point for F distribution with five significant digits using the following formula: : yon 1 1 : degree of freedom 1 oo vitality Tinder— 2 : degree of freedom 2 Fps, v2) Gt mF) deep | #2: deg P : probability P 0 Fp(Vi, Va) OPERATION 6440 points F(x. ¢1.vel EXAMPLE Determine the percentage point for F distribution when degree of freedom 1 (»1) =2, degree of freedom 2 and probability 2 Percentage points »i1.
NORMAL RANDOM NUMBERS Generates random numbers contained in the standard normal distribution N (0, 19). This unit creates two independent normal tandem numbers (u, »} based upon two uniform random numbers Tog ex » colostomy) y= =3 Tog ex * sinewy) N1 OPERATION 6450 G TETe550ee8s Generate a series of normal random numbers. B ©.6193326R96 ©.5713331954 FedEx ; ©0.85713381864 3 | g -1.8843040B86 0.
6460 EXPONENTIAL RANDOM NUMBERS Generates random numbers contained in the exponential distribution E (A, 1). This unit creates random numbers in accordance with exponential distribution using uniform random numbers, ( : mean value) o OPERATION 6460 (s HR Generate a series of exponential random numbers when the mean value (A} =3. 3EE T {Mean value) 2 &3 it g.1184873801 [ 6. 1164873901 T G.7074509817 9.5288426838 * To return to the mean value input display, first press g to terminate the library.
SINGLE VARIABLE STATISTICS Determines the following statistics and determines the deviation value for input of n data items. Number of data items CNT i=n Sum of data SUM :3x Sum of squares of data SUM : Zx? Mean of data MEAN : Bx/n Population standard deviation of data SD : xen %}2” Sample standard deviation of data SDX exon-1 / W OPERATION Statistics [x] 6500 >in.Del.Clear.Lis The menu illustrated above is displayed for single variable statistical calculations.
TEXT ‘menu jra Z| [zZ| |—p| |0 feo | cor of [rococo coon 53.9 CI ] [x} gar.List T-score.P 7. Here, the deviation value of the 88 score is 53.9.
SINGLE VARIABLE STATISTICS FLOWCHART (Library start) {T]Data input YES [B)Data detention; Data Input to) be deleted m B only? [B)Printer output| Statistic [data clear Process \ ™ selection / © Data clear Statistic Ll ) display First statistic Statistic ) [EE) set display / B8 'ext statistic display Next statistic] ves display () [ Previous statistic display Deviation value calculation | YES ¥ input &) only? Deviation value display output to printer.
LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS Performs linear regression analysis on data groups {x, y) and calculates the statistics listed below.
. Statistic display Displays number of data items, sum of x data, sum of y data, sum of squares of x data, sum of squares of y data, sum of products of x and y data, mean of x data, mean of y data, population standard deviation of x data, population standard deviation of y data, sample standard deviation of x data, sample standard deviation of y dad, linear regression constant term, linear regression coefficient, and correlation coefficient.
% 302 LOGARITHMIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS performs logarithmic regression analysis on n data groups (x, y) and calculates the statistics Jested below.
4.
i (Population standard deviation of x data logarithmic values) (Population standard deviation of y data) = (Sample standard deviation of x data logarithmic values) * (Sample standard | deviation of y data) (Regression constant term) {Regression coefficient) {Correlation efficient) display) (Estimation of y) {Estimated value for y following input of 18 degrees) (Return to menu display) COR : g [Regression analysis | (Renouncement >in.Del.
EXPONENTIAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS Performs exponential regression analysis on n data groups {x, y) and calculates the statistics listed below.
306 4.
~@BEE @@ BEG (Population standard (Mean of y data logarithmic values) deviation of x data) (Population standard deviation of y data logarithmic values) (Sample standard deviation of x data} {Sample standard deviation of y data logarithmic values) (Regression constant torn) son of, =867 X yaa BASE] (Regression coefficient) "] (Correlation coefficient) 1 {Return to menu display) (Estimation of y) (Estimated value for y 552 following input of 150 customers) (Return 1o menu .
POWER REGRESSION ANALYSIS Performs power regression analysis on n data groups {x, y) and calculates the statistics fist&d below.
4, L.
310 & SUMNER Tiling = 55.80445616 | (8um of products of Succumb: Zincking 48 @BS54B78 % data logarithmic — values and y data logarithmic values) 45_06554678 "] (Mean of x data 2.985288185 logarithmic values) & 29258868168 | (Misdemeanor 3.297753058 __I logarithmic values) i 8 287753858 | (Population standard &g @.3B78683282 deviation of x data logarithmic values) g 0. GB/0HBBPHD (Population standard 0.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS FLOWCHART (6510, 6520, 6530, 6540) { Library start [D Data input | vES Data input Donnie? . NG [ [0)Data delete Data input to be deleted Data clear Process \ w selection / ¥ Data clear 1 Statistic o S ® display First statistic Statistic ) set display / & Next statistic Statistic’ display present? (5] ['Next statistic vES display &) [ Previous statistic display EOX I & calculation vES y input [ only? EoY [ & configuration X input (B 1 Printer output[ Statistic output to printer
312 MEAN INTERVAL ESTIMATION (FOR KNOWN VARIANCE) Performs estimation of the confidence interval of » in normal distribution where w ¢ unknown, o2 1 known). CALCULATIONS When an n-size sample (x1, x--Xn} is taken from normal distribution N (4, 0%, the following confidence interval (1 -} of confidence level for is obtained: # population mean | o1 population variance | % : sample mean V& : significance revel \ 14 confidence feel / OPERATION Int.
L (Misty : -Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). scrolls to the following data item, () to the previous item, and (& or [ exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances to the interval estimation display {same as when N is pressed in the first step above). 2 N ® N(i. 081 a
314 120.3 & 99 £ NTz, o2] 423 .6_< &= (T=2 7 T%] (Press 9 after inputting population standard deviation.} (Enter confidence level to display mean confidence interval.) Here, it is determined that the mean for number of customers with a confidence level of 99% is 403.6 < x < 680.8. MEAN INTERVAL ESTIMATION FLOWCHART (FOR KNOWN VARIANCE) ( Library stein ) New data Process contact ) Menu 2 E9® i pampas pat | Yes Data Input Only? .
MEAN INTERVAL ESTIMATION (FOR UNKNOWN VARIANCE) Performs estimation of the confidence interval of x in normal distribution where 2 © Unknown, o2 : unknown). CALCULATIONS When an n-size sample (x1, X--Xa) is taken from normal distribution obtained in accordance with degree of freedom (n— 1) of the t-distribution, /1 © population mean / o2 population variance : significance level sample mean t-distribution of degree of V '\ unbiased variance freedom confidence level _ y=la=n? ) P B OPERATION N{g. .
318 L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum; sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). {or B8 ) strolls to the following data item, to the previous item, and or exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances to the interval estimation display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). 2 N N o877 a
=) Cong [1-a= 9B NTT eey 88 % (Continence level already set, so fence Revel (1-all%] (Press Exd after checking unbiased variance.) confidence interval is < _458. 7 | displayed after & is ! pressed.) . ey Here, it is determined that the mean for number of customers p with a confidence level of 95% is 213.7< ¢ <458.7. MEAN INTERVAL ESTIMATION FLOWCHART (FOR UNKNOWN VARIANCE) ( Granary stat) New data @. Menu 1 [54] ® I cossets Menu 2 selection. o EME | pars J— v input " es Data input \:hnz’ Huber of data \( )
318 VARIANCE INTERVAL ESTIMATION Performs estimation of the confidence interval of «® in normal distribution where & © unknown, ¢® : unknown). CALCULATIONS When an n-size sample (x1, X2 xn} is taken from normal distribution N (s, the confidence interval of the confidence level of o2 is obtained by 8 — gty afe Clan 1) {15, n 1) in accordance with x* distribution of the degree of freedom / « : population mean ( a%; population variance significance level sum of squares | \ 1ea ¢ confidences level | *? distribu
I (nut) : Data input {for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C {Clear) : Data clear {for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics). L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
320 Concordance Revel T-¢= Wiy c€i a
STANDARD DEVIATION INTERVAL ESTIMATION 6640 Performs estimation of the confidence interval of ¢ in normal distribution where & : unknown, o2 : unknown). CALCULATIONS When an n-size sample (X1, taken from normal distribution N (s, the confidence interval of the confidence level obtained —FNMA) in accordance with the x? distribution of the degree of freedom * distribution curve of degree .
322 L {Misty : Statistic display (for display of number of data terns, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). (or 22 ) scrolls to the following data item, [T to the previous item, and (& or [ exits the statistic display and returns o the menu. E (End) : Advances to the interval estimation display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above).
99 g {Enter confidence level T value to display confidence interval.) = Here, it is determined that the sample standard deviation of the volume of the cans’ contents « with a confidence level of 99% is 0.02808 <0< 0.238.
VARIANCE RATIO INTERVAL ESTIMATION Performs estimation of the confidence interval of z—f: for the two normal distributions N (1, 01®) and N {2, 02%), where g1, 12, p2 and o2 are all unknown.
1 (putty : Data input (for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear) : Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics). L (List) : Statistic display {for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation), scrolls to the following data item, () to the previous item, and or () exits the statistic display and returns to the menu.
326 (Select new 1 data input.) (Select data clear.) (Enter remaining data items.) l (Return to menu.) (Select End to clear xs data menu.) {Select new xz data (Select data clear.) (Data cleared.) (Select data input) (Enter first data tam Y 612 Nonlegal. o228 @aInput.Dejiete.Clear List End P_ ¢ output data (x11 ©Q clear dastards (YsM) P ] v Input data (X7} T (Data cleared.) >input.Oeletg.Clear.List End Pu 1] In gut data (%11 TTTEXETUWenu | (Select data input) 1.
VARIANCE RATIO INTERVAL ESTIMATION FLOWCHART Library start ; Menu 1 Menu 2 D Data input New xs data } () Pro Data i YES input / selection ] nut £ on) & End(E| — NO [E)Data elate = ‘New xz data\( Input of data i @D—; 10 be deleted Ed only? ® sear Ne Process o selection Statistic TEPIDITY Data clear " First statistic Umber of data k) display display and input | .
328 (3Y+14] 0] MEAN DIFFERENCE INTERVAL ESTIMATION Performs estimation of the confidence interval p12 for two equal distributions N (41, and N (u2, where 1, uz and o2 are all unknown.
| (nut) : Data input {for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear) : Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics). L (Lis) : Statistic display {for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). scrolls to the following data item, (8 to the previous item, and or [3 exits the statistic display and returns to the menu.
330 Nz, a8T . N{7E. Input new data ® Pluto data [x1 >input.Delete. Snout date (X117 © clear data (YANI® ¥ Input data [x1] »>lnpput . Delets. Ciear . List. . End ?_ m In gut data [x1) [EXE] :menu X177~ input data {x171 TEXT menu Niggaz) & Sa= 2@.8 7 ] [Confidence level {1-u= EE . a5 % < pi-PE < 1. 452 &g . Niueg.d2] ni® § 7P (Select new x1 data input} {Select data clear)) {Data cleared.) (Select data input.) {Enter first data item for week 1) {Enter remaining data stems} {Return to menu.
332 6670 RATIO INTERVAL ESTIMATION Performs estimation of the confidence interval p for binomial distribution B(1, p). CALCULATIONS When n-size sample (x1, taken from binomial distribution B (1, p), the confidence interval of the confidence level obtained by 2 ()T Doll accordance with an approximation of the standard normal distribution N (0, 12).
RATIO DIFFERENCE INTERVAL 6680 ESTIMATION Performs estimation of the confidence interval for two binomial distributions B (1, p1} and B (1, p2).
334 Bll.pt} BEE 1500 9 B{T. 011, | {finished products Xxix @ 7_ for MONTH 1) 23 g . nut number of defects nee@ ?_ . . for MONTH 1 1200 &3 7 (Input finished products fixer @ 7 . for MONTH 2) 15 &9 Confidence Revel | (Input number of defects 1-a= 95 _7_ | for MONTH 2) B ¥ 771 {Ester confidence level. 0 Since 95% is already set, press B3.) ey i Here, it is determined that the difference in probabilities p-pz between the two months with a confidence level of 95% is —0.
671 0 POPULATION MEAN TEST (TWO-SIDED) : FOR KNOWN VARIANCE Performs hypothesis testing of p In normal distribution where x : unknown, o2 : known). CALCULATIONS An n-size sample (x1, taken from normal distribution this time, critical regions are established on both sides of the normal distribution as shown In the illustration when: Hypothesis to be tested (Null hypothesis) Ho 1 poop Alternative hypothesis Hi @ expo The test is performed using population mean \ o : population variance 2 % « Normal distributi
336 | (input : Data input (for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear) : Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics operations). L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
&5 & (Enter significance level. 5% is already set, so simply press (52) (Display test result.} Test Hoop Hilton Test Hightail @.588 & Accept Test Hirohito go= 11.4 Here, it is determined that the speeds of the new players meet the team standards. In this example, the number of data items was limited to five for ease of understanding. In actual tests, a small number of data may cause erroneous results (standard: nz50).
338 671 1 POPULATION MEAN TEST (RIGHT SIDED) : FOR KNOWN VARIANCE Performs hypothesis testing of x in normal distribution where x : unknown, o2 : known).
I (Input D (Delete) : C (Clear} : L (List) E (End) @ N ) Data input (for input or addition of data). Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics). Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
340 Be6 Xt B Here, it is determined that it cannot be said that the capacity of the new machines are identical to that of the existing machines. The new machines have higher capacities. In this example, the number of data items was limited to five for ease of understanding. in actual tests, smaller Test X= 487.8. 7 Revel Test Hotpoint Habituation g.288 > 1.848 : R Eject Test Ha we Hiig>po go= 482 P {Press &3 after checking number of data) (Press & after checking data mean.
No > POPULATION MEAN TEST (LEFT SIDED) : FOR KNOWN VARIANCE Performs hypothesis testing of x in normal distribution where g : unknown, o2 : known), CALCULATIONS An n-size sample (x1, X2+ %n} is taken from normal distribution N {z, 6%).
342 | (Input) : Data input (for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete {for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear) : Data clear {for deletion of previously stored data, This operation also clears statistics). L (List} : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
=] o s=p0 HI1 K
344 POPULATION MEAN TEST (TWO-SIDED) : FOR UNKNOWN VARIANCE Performs hypothesis testing of x in normal distribution where i : unknown, ¢ : unknown).
| (Input) : Data input (for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear) : Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics). L (List) : Statistic display (for display of numerable of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
POPULATION MEAN TEST (RIGHT SIDED) : FOR UNKNOWN VARIANCE Performs hypothesis testing of x in normal distribution where » : unknown, o2 : unknown). CALCULATIONS An n-size sample {x1, taken from normal distribution N (s, 63).
L (List) : Statistic display {for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). 3 (or &) scrolls to the following data item, to the previous item, and or ) exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances tithe test display {same as when N is pressed in the first step above). @ N ™ Biggest o Honeypot (Test display) The display appears as illustrated abase when the [N] key Is pressed.
350 6722 POPULATION MEAN TEST (LEFT SIDED) : FOR UNKNOWN VARIANCE Performs hypothesis testing of 1 in normal distribution unknown, ¢? : unknown).
i i L (List) Statistic display {for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). roofless to the following data item, (& to the previous item, and (S or ) exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) Advances to the test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). {Test display) The display appears as illustrated above when the key is pressed.
POPULATION VARIANCE TEST 6730 (TWO-SIDED) Performs hypothesis testing of o2 in normal distribution where z : unknown, o : unknown). CALCULATIONS An n-size sample taken from normal distribution this time, critical regions are established on both sides of the x* distribution in accordance with the x*distribution of the degree of freedom (n—1) as shown in the illustration when: Hypothesis to be tested (Null hypothesis) Ho : Alternative hypothesis H1 : The test is performed using S cry .
354 L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). {or b} ) scrolls 1o the following data item, (] to the previous item, and or (3 exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances to the test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). 2 N ® Test Hi1 98F70¢8 {Test display) to®= @ ?. The display appears as illustrated above when the [] key is pressed.
i i POPULATION VARIANCE TEST FLOWCHART (TWO-SIDED) Library start ) iz @“’a “ ) Menu 1 ® Number of date display and In gut 1 Sum of squares display and input (n} b Significance elev display &9 et | Test result display & ©oat Process Menu 2 selection End(E) input Yes Data input Gil only? et [I— No Population variance display end input (a0t} [8]Data deflate . Yes Input of data 10 be deleted A clear Process \ ) selection ® Daley clear () Statistic, display I First statistic display Statistic | _EE display =) Ne
POPULATION VARIANCE TEST (RIGHT SIDED) Performs hypothesis testing of ¢? in normal distribution where 4 : unknown, o2 : unknown). CALCULATIONS An n-size sample {x1, taken from normal distribution N {1, ¢2).
L {List) Statistic display (for display of number of data terns, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). scrolls to the following data item, (] to the previous item, and or (=5 exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) Advances to the test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). 2 N i\ Test Discography Wi GOES (Test display) v08= @ P ‘The display appears as illustrated above when the (] key is pressed, From this point, var
358 POPULATION VARIANCE TEST FLOWCHART (RIGHT SIDED) (library start ) New data Q Menu Process Menu 2 selection End @ Mona y input es Data input E@only? ) = — Th Ne iy and inp ot delete Yes input of data & only? robe deleted \/ Number of data — Ko display ants maul ) T * (data clear Process > ® .
POPULATION VARIANCE TEST 6732 (LEFT SIDED) Performs hypothesis testing of ¢2 in normal distribution where p : unknown, ¢® : unknown).
360 L {List) : Statistic display {for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). {or B8 ) scrolls to the following data item, to the previous item, and (& “exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances tithe test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). @ N ® Test (Test display) g58= @ 7. The display appears as illustrated above when the (] key is pressed.
362 VARIANCE RATIO TEST (TWO-SIDED) Performs test of hypotheses ¢1* and ¢ in two normal distributions N (g1, 012 ; where g1 : unknown, 012 : unknown) and N (u2, 022 ; where g2 @ unknown, ¢22 : unknown). CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (xu, Xtz X1m) is taken from normal distribution N {1, 01%) and an nz2 sample (xa1, X2z Xenon) from normal distribution N (a2, 62%).
L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). (B {or 8 scrolls to the following data item, to the previous item, and [& or exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances o the test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). (2 N . Test Hoici2=o82 inapt new ass x8 (Y/N] 4. "¢ The display appears as illustrated above when the (] key is pressed.
(Select data pulsar} Catapult data (X711 clear data 2 | Input data (x1] 7] (Data cleared.} i >lnput . Delete.Clear.Liast.End %_ m In gut tads (x1) TEXT :menu | (Select data input) X1 7 87.2 5 [Ta Put data (x1] TEXT ‘mute | {Enterfirstdataitem for (X1 P~ LINE A) 38.1 [ 39.9 g 37.5 b 36.1 3 Input data {x1] TEXT ‘menu |{Enter remaining data X1%m items.) e Input data (K1) {Return o menu.) >input.Delete . Clear. Li gt . Eng P E Test Hy.
VARIANCE RATIO TEST FLOWCHART (TWO-SIDED) Library start Menu 1 Menu 2 (ate Input New x1 data } Process . YES @ ey, Darla input Sony? -~ ) Eng@)| L TNO ®)0ata delete | Yes )m Nut of data B @Xz data T 16 be deleted Monty? (Metadata clear No Process section — S {Statistic Highboy Data dear | B First statistic.
366 VARIANCE RATIO TEST (RIGHT SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of 612 and o2? in two normal distributions N (a1, 12 ; where w1 unknown, of? 1 unknown) and where g2 : unknown, v22 : unknown), CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (X1, X1z -+ Xim} is taken from normal distribution N (u1, 013 and an n2 sample {x2i, X2z Xz} from normal distribution N (u2, 029).
L {Ust) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). (or B ) scrolls to the following data item, to the previous item, and (& or [ exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances tithe test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). 2 N Test nightlife Hiiog1Exqag L 'authenticate WUE i The display appears as illustrated above when the (i) key is pressed.
Test input new data (Y/N} Putnam data [x+] >Input.Delete.Clear List End Th put data (%3] clear data (Y/N} ? input data (x1] >input.Delete.Clear List . End P. [} [nut data (x1) TEE] :menu X172 _ 114 B2 Input data (x11 TEE] Then X1 P 120 & 78 B8 151 B3 63 &6 lTr{fiut data (x1 [EXE] menu X P &2 nut data [x1) >lnput.Delete.Clear.List .End 7. ® Test M1 gTES7et input new data xe [Y/N) . Y I'm put data {xa) >input.Delete.Clear.Ligt . End P_ < Input date (JPEG clear tads (Y/ZN) ? Y Input data (xe] >input.Delete.
370 VARIANCE RATIO TEST (LEFT SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of 12 and 022 in two normal distributions N (x1, o32; where p1: unknown, o1 : unknown) and N (2, ¢2?; where g2 : unknown, o2? : unknown). CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (x11, Biz--Xmy) is taken from normal distribution N {u1, 0+%) and an n2 sample (xai, from normal distribution N (uz, 022).
L (Lisa : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). scrolls to the following data item, to the previous item, and (& or exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances to ths test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). @ N Test H Z=get & gutting neg dst; nge,(Y The display appears as illustrated above when the (8 key is pressed.
372 input data (x17 {Select data clear} clear data (Y/N} % Y Input data (x1) {Data cleared) >lnput. Delete Clear . List End Z_ 1 In gut data (x1) FEE T hen | (Select data input) X3P 251 2 {Input data (x1) TEE] ‘menu | (Enterfirstdataitem for X1 7 PRODUCT A) 238 B8 261 B9 220 B9 243 & (x17 TEE] 'menu remaining data rems) e X1 ] {Return to menu} . End 7_ E Te1E=o8% W1 . g1E
374 MEAN DIFFERENCE TEST (TWO-SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of u1 and u2 in two normal distributions N (1, 0%; where p1 @ unknown, o2 : unknown) and N {u2, o® ; where #2 © unknown, ¢2 : unknown). CALCULATIONS An NT-size sample (xn, X-X1m) is taken from normal distribution N (1, 09 and an nz2 sample {xa1, from normal distribution N (uz2, 0?).
L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation). (or B8 scrolls to the following data item, (] to the previous item, and or (3 exits the statistic display and returns to the menu. E (End) : Advances tithe test display (same as when N is pressed in the first step above). 2 N ™ [Test “Ho:.x 2 Y EEI T L Input new data xe (Y /N? The display appears as illustrated above when the (W) key is pressed.
Input data (X211 T (Select data clear) sear tads (Y/N) ? o Y Pulpit data (X1} {Data cleared) zlpput.Delete.Clear List.End P I gutting data (x1] TEE] ‘menu | (Select data input) X177 850 [x Input daft YET menu | (Enter first data item for = STRUT T COT T EVERETTE (RS S 847 & 855 B 843 bd 852 b9 Input data {x17 TEE] :menu |(Enter remaining data X1 items} B8 Tr Rut data [X1] {Return 1o menu) >lnput.Delete.Glgar.List.End ?. E Test W .
378 MEAN DIFFERENCE TEST (RIGHT SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of x1 and g2 in two normal distributions N (u1, ¢2; where g1 : unknown, unknown) and N (2, 0%; where g2: unknown 52 unknown} CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (X1, Xe---X1ns) is taken from normal distribution N (u1, and an nz sample {xa:, xzexenz) from normal distribution N {uz, 0%, At this time, the critical region is established on the right of the t-distribution in accordance with the t-distribution of the degree of freedom {n1+ n2—2) as s
I {Input} : Data input {for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear) : Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistics). L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
380 Test Ho pigged Hitting input new data x1 (Y/N) ®_ Y Input date (x71) (Select new data input) >input.Delete.Clear.LIst.End 7. c [Input data (xt1 {Select data clear) clear data ® Y Snout tads (xt1) ({Data cleared) >input.Delete . Clear . List.End ?_ 1 Mindful data (X171 TEXT menu |(Select data input) X317 890 BE TRy | (Enter first data item for X1P_ LIGHT BLURB A} 880 (&g 920 & 870 [ 9 Input (Enter remaining data X17_ Rems} &g puff {Return to menu) unpin gar . List.
382 MEAN DIFFERENCE TEST (LEFT SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of u1 and yz in two normal distributions N {u1, where p1: unknown, unknown} and N {2, ¢2; where pz: unknown, ¢2: unknown) CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (xn, X12X1m) is taken from normal distribution N (x1, and an nz sample (x2i, from normal distribution N {(x2, 02).
i {input} : Data input {for input or addition of data). D (Delete) : Data delete (for deletion of erroneous or unnecessary data). C (Clear} : Data clear (for deletion of previously stored data. This operation also clears statistic. L (List) : Statistic display (for display of number of data items, sum, sum of squares, mean, population standard deviation, sample standard deviation).
Test HE Hiia1input. Oeiete.Clear.List End P E Test Hi.
MEAN DIFFERENCE TEST FLOWCHART (LEFT SIDED) (library stein ) Menu 1 Menu 2 [M Data Input Now xi data } T _v Process Date gt YES pout isolation ate input ®) End(E} a(E) X New xz data input B)0ata delete Input of data Eon — YES 10 be deleted (E)0ata clear b Somber of aria display and Input + 5 Wotan display | sandman | H Sur of squares dietary and input [(51) ey Fumier of ata display an ingot [(722 1 Mean display and nut Sum of squares apiary and significance lovelorn , dismay o |+ Test resit dissimilar & Pro
286 6760 RATIO TEST (TWO-SIDED) Performs test of hypothesis of population ratio p in binomial distribution B (1, p).
RATIO TEST (RIGHT SIDED) Performs test of hypothesis of population p ratio in binomial distribution B (1; p).
388 6762 RATIO TEST (LEFT SIDED) Performs test of hypothesis of population p ratio in binomial distribution B {1, p).
6770 RATIO DIFFERENCE TEST (TWO-SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of p1 and pz in two binomial distributions B (1, p1) and B (1, p2). CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (x11, Biz-Xin) is taken from binomial distribution B {1, p1) and an n2 sample (xa:, x2z--Xznz) from binomial distribution B {1, p2).
390 180 &3 & B9 Significance level «0%] a= & ?_ Test Hornpipe Test piping Hi pipe 1.358 < 1,986 Agnostic Test nr= 488 7 (Enter number of females answering LIKE) (Enter significance level. 5% is already set, s0 simply press & ) (Display test result) (Return 1o initial display) Here, it is determined that there is no difference in the opinions of males and females.
SYRIAN RATIO DIFFERENCE TEST (RIGHT SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of p1 and pz in two binomial distributions B (1, p1) and B (1, p2). CALCULATIONS An mi-size sample (X1, X1z--xins} is taken from binomial distribution B (1, p1) and an nz sample (xz:, X---Xzn2) from binomial distribution B (1, p2).
362 1568 400 &9 5k9 g & Test Tube THT B> Re {Enter number of heel @ °. Test (Enter number of ix 8 P samples from FACTORY 8) Significance feel al%] (Enter number defects) Test Hs hip {Enter significance levee already set, 50 simply prods g } Test He pi=pa {Display test result) 1.388 £ 1.846 @ Accept Test {Return to initial display) = 600 P Here, It is determined that there is no difference in the defect rate for the two factories.
Y& #3 RATIO DIFFERENCE TEST (LEFT SIDED) Performs hypotheses testing of p1 and pz in two binomial distributions B (1, pr)and B (1, pa). CALCULATIONS An nigh-size sample (x11, X12---xins} is taken from binomial distribution B (1, p1) and an nz sample (X2, from binomial distribution B (1, p2).
394 " {Enter number ot 130 fx Test Ho pipe Hi pi
' PART 12 APPENDICES 12-1 CHARACTER CODE TABLE wex! 0|1 2 3|4|5|6|7 8|9/A B|C DEF deice ) 78 |=oX (5] [16] [ 48| [%e| [80) [s6 [iiz] [128) [14% [nen) [176 [vs2) [208] [72€ [240] | oyl |=IH Tl 7] (e8] [45] [es| (el [o7] [1a] [bias [1ao] [1ev] [i77] [res| [208) [225 (241 o Gertrude [3%) [50 [de) sz [o8 {iii [T [146) [Tee| [i78 {res| (210 (296 [242 rig] (3| [si] [e7] [s5 [ew| [ns) [Ta1, [147] [re8 [178] [1e6! [orn 77 [243| Told 147 [%0] [36] 52 [8¢| [7o] [118] [13 [fas} [Te4] [reorg [1s6] [212] [228] [24¢ Foz
398 NOTE: The special characters in the character code table below only appear on the display and are not printed out by the printer. When a LILTS or PRINT command is executed, they are substituted by the differently shaped printer characters corresponding to the respective character daces. Refer to the pocket computer and printer character code tables and compare them for further details.
12-2 ERROR MESSAGE TABLE Error code| Divorce message Meaning Correction 1 | OM error a) Insufficient memory or system) a) Shorten program and check overflow. array dimensionless. b) Erroneous CLEAR statement | b) Check CLEAR statement value. specification. ¢) Use RAM expansion pack. 2 | SN error Erroneous command or states) Check spelling of commands. men format. b) Check program input. 3 | S Terror String length exceeds 255 Shorten string ta 255 characters or characters. loss.
398 Error code| Error message Meaning Correction 18 | UL error ay Branch destination line numb @) Check line numbers. ber does not exist. b} Input of statement without b} Always use line numbers in fine number in BASIC editing BASIC editing mode made. 19 | T™ error a) Mismatch of variable types and| Check for illegal numeric assign contents. men to string variables or string b} Mismatch of READ statement | assignment to numeric variable. variable and data.
12-3 COMMAND/FUNCTION TABLE COMMANDS PASS ON GOT BEEP NEW (ALL) ON Subgroup INPUT CLEAR IF ~THEN~ ELSE PINKEYE FRE IF~GOTO~ELSE INPUTS LIST (ALL) FOR ~NEXT DIM EDIT REM ERASE VAR LIST LET PEEK RUN DATA POKE TRON READ DEFENSE TOFF RESTORE ON ERROR GOT END PRINT RESUME STOP TAB ERL GOT LOCATE ERR Subgroup CLS RETURN SET INPUT/OUTPUT COMMANDS DATA BANK COMMAND LILTS INPUTS NEW # RESTORE % PRINT EOF LIST # WRITE # OPEN SAVE (ALL) CELLIST CLOSE LOAD (ALL) SAVE # PRINT # VERIFY LOAD # INPUT # READ # FUNCTIONS ANG
SPECIFICATIONS Model: Basic calculation functions: Negative numbers, exponents, parenthetical arithmetic operations (with priority sequence judgment function—true algebraic logic), integer division, integer division remainders, logical operators.
402 Main components: C-MOS VLASIC and others Power supply: 2 lithium batteries (CR2032) for the mainframe 1 lithium battery (CR1220) for memory backup Power consumption: 0.04W Battery life: 1. Continuous program execution: Approx. 90 hours 2. Continuous display of at 20° C Approx. 150 hours 4.5 months when unit is used 1 hour per day. * Note: 1 hour includes 10 minutes of condition 1 and 50 minutes of condition 2. Memory protection battery: Approx.
404 REM (7). 108 RESTORE . . .10 RESTORE# 174 RESUME 127 RETURN . . 100 RIGHTS .. . 182 ROUND 140 84 s SAVE, NAVE 167 SAVE # SET SIN/COS/TAN SQR STOP STRUT CALF .o 150 VAR LIST 93 VERIFY ..o 169 w WRITE# . .
