EN fx-991ZA PLUS User’s Guide CASIO Worldwide Education Website http://edu.casio.
Contents Important Information ............................................................. 2 Sample Operations .................................................................. 2 Initializing the Calculator ........................................................ 2 Safety Precautions .................................................................. 2 Handling Precautions.............................................................. 2 Removing the Hard Case ...............................................
Important Information • The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User’s Guide are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent. • The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. • In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it.
• Never try to take the calculator apart. • Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator. • Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area. * Company and product names used in this manual may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.
Reading the Display The display of the calculator shows expressions you input, calculation results, and various indicators. Input expression Indicators Math Math Calculation result • If a ' indicator appears on the right side of the calculation result, it means the displayed calculation result continues to the right. Use e and d to scroll the calculation result display. • If a g indicator appears on the right side of the input expression, it means the displayed calculation continues to the right.
Disp The display currently shows an intermediate result of a multi-statement calculation. Important: For some type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally. Using Menus Some of the calculator’s operations are performed using menus. Pressing N or w, for example, will display a menu of applicable functions. The following are the operations you should use to navigate between menus.
MthIO: Selects MathO or LineO. MathO displays input and calculation results using the same format as they are written on paper. LineO displays input the same way as MathO, but calculation results are displayed in linear format. Linear Display (LineIO) causes fractions and other expressions to be displayed in a single line. Note: • The calculator switches to Linear Display automatically whenever you enter the STAT, BASE-N, MATRIX, or VECTOR Mode.
c7APO 110 Min. ; 260 Min. You can specify a trigger time of 10 minutes or 60 minutes for Auto Power Off. c8]CONT' Contrast” for details. Adjusts display contrast. See “Adjusting Display Initializing Calculator Settings Perform the following procedure to initialize the calculator, which returns the calculation mode to COMP and returns all other settings, including setup menu settings, to their initial defaults.
• When inputting a function that uses commas (such as Pol, Rec, and RanInt#), be sure to input the closed parentheses required by the expression. If you do not input closed parentheses, parentheses may not be inserted automatically as described above. Important: If you execute a calculation in which a multiplication sign has been omitted immediately before a fraction (including mixed fractions), parentheses will be inserted automatically as shown in the examples below.
5th Negative sign (–), base-n symbols (d, h, b, o) Note: When squaring a negative value (such as –2), the value being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ((- 2 )w =). Since x2 has a higher priority than the negative sign, inputting - 2 w= would result in the squaring of 2 and then appending a negative sign to the result. Always keep the priority sequence in mind, and enclose negative values in parentheses when required. 6th Metric conversion commands (cm'in, etc.
7 ' 6 To input 1 + 7 and then change it to 1 + 6 B Math 1+7'6 Math dddd1Y(INS) Math ! As shown above, the value or expression to the right of the cursor after 1Y(INS) are pressed becomes the argument of the function that is specified next. The range encompassed as the argument is everything up to the first open parenthesis to the right, if there is one, or everything up to the first function to the right (sin(30), log2(4), etc.
While Linear Display is selected, each press of f will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its decimal form and fraction form. 1 ÷ 5 = 0.2 = 1 5 1/5= b 1 – 4 = 1 = 0.2 5 5 1-4'5= 0.2 f 1{5 1{5 f 0.2 b Important: • Depending on the type of calculation result that is on the display when you press the f key, the conversion process may take some time to perform. • With certain calculation results, pressing the f key will not convert the displayed value.
Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%) 660 / 880 1((%)= 75 Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875) 2500 + 2500 * 15 1((%)= 2875 Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625) 3500 - 3500 * 25 1((%)= 2625 Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations Performing an addition or subtraction operation between sexagesimal values, or a multiplication or division operation between a sexagesimal value and a decimal value will cause the result to be displayed as a sexagesimal value.
Calculation History In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE-N Mode, you can scroll through calculation history contents using f and c. 2 4 6 4 2 1+1= 2+2= 3+3= (Scrolls back.) f (Scrolls back again.) f 1+1=2 2+2=4 3+3=6 Note: Calculation history data is all cleared whenever you press O, when you change to a different calculation mode, when you change the display format, or whenever you perform any reset operation.
For Tk+2 = Tk+1 + Tk (Fibonacci sequence), determine the sequence from T1 to T5. Note however, that T1 = 1 and T2 = 1. B 1= T1 = 1 (Ans = T1 = 1) 1= T2 = 1 (Ans = T2 = 1, PreAns = T1 = 1) T3 = T2 + T1 = 1 + 1 G+SG(PreAns)= (Ans = T3 = 2, PreAns = T2 = 1) = T4 = T3 + T2 = 2 + 1 (Ans = T4 = 3, PreAns = T3 = 2) = T5 = T4 + T3 = 3 + 2 Result: The sequence is {1, 1, 2, 3, 5}. Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y) Your calculator has eight preset variables named A, B, C, D, E, F, X, and Y.
To subtract the result of 10 + 5 from M (Continuing) To recall the contents of M 10 + 5 1l(M–) 15 tl(M) 35 (Continuing) Note: Variable M is used for independent memory. Clearing the Contents of All Memories Ans memory, independent memory, and variable contents are retained even if you press A, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator. PreAns memory contents are retained even if you press A and turn off the calculator without exiting the COMP Mode.
sin, cos, tan, sin−1, cos−1, tan−1 : Trigonometric functions. Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. See 1 . sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh−1, cosh−1, tanh−1 : Hyperbolic functions. Input a function from the menu that appears when you press w. The angle unit setting does not affect calculations. See 2 . °, r, g : These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees, r radians, and g grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: 1G(DRG').
Pol, Rec : Pol converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, while Rec converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates. See 11. Pol(x, y) = (r, ) Rec(r, ) = (x, y) Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Polar Coordinates (Pol) x ! : Factorial function. See Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. The calculation result for r and and for x and y are each assigned respectively to variables X and Y. Calculation result θ is displayed in the range of −180° θ 180°. 12.
Precautions for Differential Calculation Only • If convergence to a solution cannot be found when tol input is omitted, the tol value will be adjusted automatically to determine the solution. • Non-consecutive points, abrupt fluctuation, extremely large or small points, inflection points, and the inclusion of points that cannot be differentiated, or a differential point or differential calculation result that approaches zero can cause poor precision or error.
6 To calculate ln 90 (= loge 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) 1N(SETUP)7(Sci)3 7 1.2 × 103 = 1200 B i 90 )= 4.50×100 1.2 * 10 6 3 = 1200 16 15625 2 2 B ( 1 + 1 )6 2 + 2 = ( 5 x)1w(x3)= B 16(") 5 e 32 = b 516(") 32 )= To calculate ' 2 = 4.242640687...) to three decimal 2 × 3 (= 3' places (Fix 3) 1N(SETUP)6(Fix)3 B ! 2 e* 3 = 3' 2 1= 4.243 b ! 2 )* 3 = 4.
13 |2 – 7| × 2 = 10 B b 1w(Abs) 2 - 7 e* 2 = 1w(Abs) 2 - 7 )* 2 = 10 10 14 To obtain three random three-digit integers 1000 1.(Ran#)= = = 459 48 117 (Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.) 15 To generate random integers in the range of 1 to 6 S.(RanInt) 1 1)(,) 6 )= = = 2 6 1 (Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.
CMPLX Mode Calculation Examples (1 – i)–1 = 1 + 1 i B (Complex number format: a + bi) 2 2 ( 1 -W(i))E= (1 + i)4 + (1 – i)2 = – 4 – 2i B ( 1 +W(i))6 4 e+( 1 -W(i))w= 1+1i 2 2 –4–2i To obtain the conjugate complex number of 2 + 3i (Complex number format: a + bi) 12(CMPLX)2(Conjg) 2 + 3 W(i))= 2–3i To obtain the absolute value and argument of 1 + i Bv Absolute Value: 1w(Abs) 1 +W(i)= ' 2 Argument: 12(CMPLX)1(arg)1+W(i))= 45 Using a Command to Specify the Calculation Result Format Either of two special comma
Math 5 = 10 = Math s (or =) Math 7 = 20 = To exit CALC: A To store A + Bi and then determine ' 3 + i, 1 + ' 3 i using polar coordinates (r∠ ) v N2(CMPLX) S-(A)+Se(B)W(i) 12(CMPLX)3('r∠ ) CMPLX Math s! 3 )= 1 = s (or =) 1 =! 3 )= To exit CALC: A Note: During the time from when you press s until you exit CALC by pressing A, you should use Linear Display input procedures for input. Using SOLVE SOLVE uses Newton’s Law to approximate the solution of equations.
To solve y = ax2 + b for x when y = 0, a = 1, and b = –2 Math Sf(Y)Ss(=)S-(A) S)(X)w+Se(B) Math 1s(SOLVE) Prompts for input of a value for Y Current value of Y Math 0 = 1 =- 2 = Current value of X Math Input an initial value for X (Here, input 1): 1= To exit SOLVE: A Solution screen Note: During the time from when you press 1s(SOLVE) until you exit SOLVE by pressing A, you should use Linear Display input procedures for input.
Continue Screen SOLVE performs convergence a preset number of times. If it cannot find a solution, it displays a confirmation screen that shows “Continue: [=]”, asking if you want to continue. Press = to continue or A to cancel the SOLVE operation.
Paired-variable (X, Y), ab exponential regression 6(A•B^X) ( y = ABx) Paired-variable (X, Y), power regression ( y = AxB) 7(A•X^B) Paired-variable (X, Y), inverse regression 8(1/X) ( y = A + B/x) Pressing any of the above keys (1 to 8) displays the Stat Editor. Note: When you want to change the calculation type after entering the STAT Mode, perform the key operation 11(STAT/DIST)1(Type) to display the calculation type selection screen. Inputting Data Use the Stat Editor to input data.
Obtaining Statistical Values from Input Data To obtain statistical values, press A while in the Stat Editor and then recall the statistical variable (σx, Σx2, etc.) you want. Supported statistical variables and the keys you should press to recall them are shown below. For single-variable statistical calculations, the variables marked with an asterisk (*) are available.
3 To calculate the linear regression and logarithmic regression correlation coefficients for the following paired-variable data and determine the regression formula for the strongest correlation: (x, y) = (20, 3150), (110, 7310), (200, 8800), (290, 9310). Specify Fix 3 (three decimal places) for results.
P, Q, R: These functions take the argument t and determine a probability of standard normal distribution as illustrated below. P (t) 0 t Q (t) 0 t R (t) 0 t 't: This function is preceded by the argument X, and determines the normalized variate . 5 For the single variable data {xn ; freqn} = {0;1, 1;2, 2;1, 3;2, 4;2, 5;2, 6;3, 7;4, 9;2, 10;1}, to determine the normalized variate ('t) when x = 3, and P(t) at that point up to three decimal places (Fix 3).
Continuing from above, switch to the hexadecimal mode and calculate 1F16 + 116 A6(HEX) 1 t(F)+ 1 = Continuing from above, switch to the octal mode and calculate 78 + 18 Ai(OCT) 7 + 1 = Note: • Use the following keys to input the letters A through F for hexadecimal values: -(A), $(B), w(C), s(D), c(E), t(F). • In the BASE-N Mode, input of fractional (decimal) values and exponents is not supported. If a calculation result has a fractional part, it is cut off.
To calculate 1510 × 3710 in the decimal mode, and then convert the result to hexadecimal, binary, and octal Ax(DEC) 15 * 37 = 555 6(HEX) 0000022B l(BIN) 0000001000101011 i(OCT) 00000001053 Logical and Negation Operations Your calculator provides you with logical operators (and, or, xor, xnor) and functions (Not, Neg) for logical and negation operations on binary values. Use the menu that appears when you press 13(BASE) to input these logical operators and functions.
Quadratic equation 3(aX2 + bX + c = 0) Cubic equation 4(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d = 0) 3. Use the Coefficient Editor that appears to input coefficient values. • To solve 2x2 + x – 3 = 0, for example, press 3 in step 2, and then input the following for the coefficients (a = 2, b = 1, c = –3): 2=1=3=. • To change a coefficient value you already have input, move the cursor to the appropriate cell, input the new value, and then press =. • Pressing A will clear all of the coefficients to zero.
2x2 – 3x – 6 = 0 B N5(EQN)3(aX2 + bX + c = 0) 2 =- 3 =- 6 == 3 + 57 4 3 – 57 c (X2=) 4 3 c (X-Value Minimum=)* 4 57 c (Y-Value Minimum=)* – 8 * The local minimum value is displayed when a 0. The local maximum value is displayed when a 0.
5. Input the elements of MatB: 2 =- 1 =- 1 = 2 =. 6. Press A to advance to the calculation screen, and perform the first calculation (MatA×MatB): 14(MATRIX)3(MatA)*14(MATRIX) 4(MatB)=. • This will display the MatAns screen with the calculation results. MAT MAT “Ans” stands for “MatAns”. → Note: “MatAns” stands for “Matrix Answer Memory”. See “Matrix Answer Memory” for more information. 7. Perform the next calculation (MatA+MatB): A 1 4 (MATRIX) 3(MatA)+14(MATRIX)4(MatB)=.
2. Use the Matrix Editor that appears to edit the elements of the matrix. • Move the cursor to the cell that contains the element you want to change, input the new value, and then press =. To copy matrix variable (or MatAns) contents: 1. Use the Matrix Editor to display the matrix you want to copy. • If you want to copy MatA, for example, perform the following key operation: 14(MATRIX)2(Data)1(MatA).
9 Determine the MatA= row echelon form. A!4(MATRIX)c1(Ref) MatA)= 10 Determine the MatA= reduced row echelon form. A!4(MATRIX)c2(Rref) MatA)= Creating a Number Table from Two Functions (TABLE) TABLE generates a number table based on one or two functions. You can use the function f(x) or the two functions f(x) and g(x). See “Configuring the Calculator Setup” for more information. Perform the following steps to generate a number table. 1. Press N7(TABLE) to enter the TABLE Mode. 2.
1 To generate a number table for the functions f (x) = x2 + and 2 1 g(x) = x2 − for the range –1 x 1, incremented in steps of 0.5 2 B Math N7(TABLE) 1N(SETUP)c5(TABLE)2(f(x),g(x)) S)(X)x+ 1 ' 2 Math Math = • Pressing = without inputting anything for g(x) will generate a number table based on f(x) only. Math S)(X)x- 1 ' 2 Math =-1 =1 =0.5 = Note: • The maximum number of rows in the generated number table depends on the setup menu table setting.
3. Input the elements of VctA: 1 = 2 =. 4. Perform the following key operation: 1 5 (VECTOR)2 (Data) 2(VctB)2(2). • This will display the Vector Editor for input of the 2-dimensional vector for VctB. 5. Input the elements of VctB: 3 = 4 =. 6. Press A to advance to the calculation screen, and perform the calculation (VctA + VctB): 1 5 (VECTOR)3 (VctA)+ 1 5 (VECTOR) 4(VctB)=. • This will display the VctAns screen with the calculation results. VCT VCT “Ans” stands for “VctAns”.
To copy vector variable (or VctAns) contents: 1. Use the Vector Editor to display the vector you want to copy. • If you want to copy VctA, for example, perform the following key operation: 15(VECTOR)2(Data)1(VctA). • If you want to copy VctAns contents, perform the following to display the VctAns screen: A15(VECTOR)6(VctAns)=. 2. Press 1t(STO), and then perform one of the following key operations to specify the copy destination: -(VctA), $(VctB), or w(VctC).
VCT FIX VCT FIX (1w(Abs)VctA)1w(Abs) VctB))= 1c(cos–1)G)= Distribution Calculations (DIST) You can use the procedures below to perform seven different types of distribution calculations. 1. Press Nc1(DIST) to enter the DIST Mode. 2. On the menu that appears, select a distribution calculation type.
List Screen (Binomial PD, Binomial CD, Poisson PD, Poisson CD) With Binomial PD, Binomial CD, Poisson PD, and Poisson CD, use the List Screen for sample data input. You can input up to 25 data samples for each variable. Calculation results are also displayed on the List Screen.
To calculate binomial probability for the sample data {10, 11, 12, 13, 14} when N=15 and p=0.6 Nc1(DIST)4(Binomial PD) Display the List Screen: 1(List) • To specify data using parameter format, press 2(Var). 10 = 11 = 12 = 13 = 14 = = 15 = 0.6 = ecccc Results: x = binomial probability of 10 ⱌ 0.18594 x = binomial probability of 11 ⱌ 0.12678 x = binomial probability of 12 ⱌ 0.063388 x = binomial probability of 13 ⱌ 0.021942 x = binomial probability of 14 ⱌ 4.
Scientific Constants Your calculator comes with 40 built-in scientific constants that can be used in any mode besides BASE-N. Each scientific constant is displayed as a unique symbol (such as π), which can be used inside of calculations. To input a scientific constant into a calculation, press 17(CONST) and then input the two-digit number that corresponds to the constant you want.
25: (k) Boltzmann constant 26: (Vm) molar volume of ideal gas (273.
The following shows the two-digit numbers for each of the metric conversion commands.
sin–1x cos–1x 0 |x| 1 tan–1x sinhx coshx sinh–1x 0 |x| 9.999999999 × 1099 cosh–1x 1 x 4.999999999 × 1099 tanhx 0 |x| 9.999999999 × 1099 tanh–1x 0 |x| 9.999999999 × 10–1 logx/lnx 0 x 9.999999999 × 1099 0 |x| 230.2585092 0 |x| 4.999999999 × 1099 10x –9.999999999 × 1099 x 99.99999999 ex x ' x2 x –1 3 ' x x! –9.999999999 × 1099 x 230.
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including division marks). RanInt#(a, b) a b; |a|, |b| 1 × 1010; b – a 1 × 1010 a b/c • Precision is basically the same as that described under “Calculation Range and Precision”, above. y , 3', x!, nPr, nCr type functions require consecutive internal • xy, x' calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation.
input range (particularly when using functions). • The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action: • Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. • When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function.
without the ending condition being fulfilled. Action: Differential or integration calculation: Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution precision. Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator... Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. Note that you should make separate copies of important data before performing these steps.
Specifications Power Requirements: Built-in solar cell; button battery LR44 (GPA76) × 1 Approximate Battery Life: 3 years (based on one hour of operation per day) Operating Temperature: 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F) Dimensions: 11.1 (H) × 80 (W) × 162 (D) mm 3 /8⬙ (H) × 31/8⬙ (W) × 63/8⬙ (D) Approximate Weight: 95 g (3.
Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan Responsible within the European Union: CASIO EUROPE GmbH Casio-Platz 1 22848 Norderstedt, Germany This mark applies in EU countries only.
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan SA1406-A © 2014 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
