G- and K-Series External RAID Board Controller G5312/G7313 K5312/K7313 User’s Guide
Copyright ©1999, 2000 Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. Document Number: 07-0033-003 This document covers G5312, G7313, K5312, and K7313. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior written consent of: Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. 7420 E. Dry Creek Parkway Longmont, Colorado 80503 http://www.chaparralnet.com Trademarks Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. and the Chaparral logo are trademarks of Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. AHA and AIC are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc.
! Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. ! Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help. Use a shielded and properly grounded I/O cable and power cable to ensure compliance of this unit to the specified limits of the rules. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules.
Contents 1 Introduction About This Guide 1-1 Conventions 1-2 Product Features 1-2 Motherboard CPU Subsystem (G-Series) 1-2 Motherboard Ultra2 SCSI Channels (G-Series) 1-2 Motherboard Disk Cache (G-Series) 1-3 Battery Interface (G-Series) 1-3 Hardware Configuration and Management Support (G-Series) 1-3 Onboard Connectors (G-Series) 1-4 Daughterboard (G-Series) 1-4 Motherboard CPU Subsystem (K-Series) 1-4 Motherboard Ultra2 SCSI Channels (K-Series) 1-4 Motherboard Disk Cache (K-Series) 1-5 Integrated Battery
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Environmental (K-Series) 1-11 Battery (K-Series) 1-12 Reference Documents 1-13 External Documents 1-13 Chaparral Documents 1-13 2 Hardware Installation Connecting the Controller 2-1 Connecting to the SCSI Port 2-1 Connecting to the Fibre Channel Port 2-1 Connecting to the RS-232 Port 2-2 3 Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Using the RS-232 Serial Port 3-1 Navigating the Disk Array Administrator Software 3-3 Changing the S
Contents 5 Monitoring System Status Displaying the Event Log 5-1 Viewing the Most Recent Event 5-2 Viewing One Event at a Time 5-2 Viewing a Whole Screen of Events 5-4 Capturing the Event Log File 5-4 Displaying Hardware and Configuration Information 5-5 Displaying Overall Statistics 5-11 Resetting Overall Statistics 5-14 6 Managing Spares Managing Dedicated Spares 6-1 Adding a Dedicated Spare 6-2 Deleting a Dedicated Spare 6-3 Enabling Dynamic Spares 6-3 Managing the Spare Pool 6-5 Adding a Spare to th
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Configuring LUN Zoning 7-15 Changing the Sample Rate 7-17 Changing the Alarm Mute Setting 7-18 Locking the Cache Setting 7-20 Enabling and Disabling the Battery 7-21 Changing the Utility Priority 7-22 Rescanning All Channels 7-23 Pausing I/O 7-24 Restoring Default Settings 7-25 Upgrading Firmware 7-26 Upgrading the Controller’s Firmware 7-26 8 Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures Managing Disk Drives 8-1 Displaying Drive Information 8-2 Clearing Metadata from a Drive 8-4 Enabl
Contents Device SCSI Channel Problems 9-4 Problems During Bootup 9-4 Controller Problems 9-5 Warning And Error Events 9-6 Warnings 9-7 Errors 9-8 Using the Loader Diagnostics Menu 9-9 Using the Loader Utility Menu 9-9 Understanding SCSI Errors 9-9 Disk Errors 9-9 Disk Channel Errors 9-11 Voltage and Temperature Errors and Warnings 9-13 A Array Basics Array Types A-1 RAID 0 (Striped Disks) A-1 RAID 1, RAID 1/O (Mirrored Disks) A-2 RAID 3 A-2 RAID 4 A-3 RAID 5 A-3 RAID 50 A-3 Volume Sets A-4 Comparing RAID
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1 Introduction This User’s Guide explains how to install and use the Chaparral G- and K-Series External RAID Controllers, which are designed to be installed in a RAID enclosure and used with a host system to provide a powerful disk subsystem. The G5312 and K5312 RAID controllers are fault-tolerant SCSI-to-SCSI RAID controllers that bridge the SCSI interface between the host system and the SCSI hard drive peripherals. They support low voltage differential (LVD) Ultra2 or single-ended Ultra SCSI buses.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Conventions This Guide uses several typographical conventions to help explain how to use the controller. Convention Description Bold Words in bold indicate items to select such as menu items or command buttons. CTRL-R Keys you press simultaneously. In this example, hold down the Ctrl key and press the r key. Notes give you important information that may affect how you decide to set up your system.
Introduction ! Supports full backward compatibility for asynchronous, fast, Ultra 1, and Ultra2 SCSI (80 MB/sec) ! SCSI terminators and termination power sources must reside in the enclosure subsystem Note: There is no support for high-voltage differential (HVD) SCSI (RS-485 SCSI-3 compliant).
G- and K-Series User’s Guide ! General purpose I/O for enclosure-specific functions to backplane connector interface ! SAF-TE support for enclosure management. Onboard Connectors (G-Series) ! 2-pin fan connector (fused 12.0 V) ! 3-pin battery pack connector ! 6-pin status/fault/backup LED connector Daughterboard (G-Series) The G7313 incorporates a FC daughterboard for single loop Fibre Channel connectivity.
Introduction ! Supports full backward compatibility for asynchronous, fast, Ultra 1 (40 MB/sec), and Ultra2 SCSI (80 MB/sec) ! Onboard Ultra2 SCSI terminators supporting auto-detection and autoconfiguration for LVD/SE ! Onboard termination power source circuit breakers Note: There is no support for high-voltage differential (HVD) SCSI (RS485 SCSI-3 compliant).
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Hardware Configuration and Management Support (K-Series) ! RS-232 serial port for configuration and troubleshooting ! Analog-to-digital converter for power, temperature, and enclosure monitoring ! Onboard standard PC-type lithium battery for continuous Real-Time Clock (RTC) power when the unit is shut down Onboard Connectors (K-Series) ! Qty = two 2-pin fan connector (fused 12.
Introduction Specifications The following sections describe the physical, electrical, environmental, and battery specifications of the G- and K-Series. Physical (G-Series) Table 1-1 shows the physical specifications of the motherboard and daughterboard: Table 1-1. Physical Specifications Item Specifications Motherboard Form factor: 4.25 x 9.0 inch PCB outline 0.77 inch max Z-axis height without daughterboard 1.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 1-2. Electrical Specifications (Continued) Item Specifications <-6.5%, >+10.0 Controller shutdown (failure) <4.67 Vdc, 5.5 Vdc +12V +12 Vdc 0.6A max battery charging 0.1 A typical normal operation 0.2 A max normal operation A/D Monitoring ±10.0% normal operation (10.8 Vdc to 13.2 Vdc) >±10% Degraded mode (warning alert) (9.6 Vdc to 10.8 Vdc) (13.2 Vdc to 14.4 Vdc) >±20% Controller shutdown (failure) <9.6 Vdc and >14.
Introduction Table 1-3. Environmental Specifications (Continued) Item Specifications Humidity Operating: 10% to 85% non-condensing Non-operating: 5% to 90% non-condensing Air flow 10.0 cubic feet/minute (CFM1) minimum along longitudinal axis of controller at maximum temperature Vibration 5 Hz @ 2.0 x 10-7 PSD, 17-500 Hz @ 2.2 x 10-5 PSD (PSD = power spectral density g2 /Hz) per IBM C-S 19711-002 Shock Vertical: 30.0 g @ 3.0 msec pulse width Horizontal: 15.0 g @ 3.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Physical (K-Series) Table 1-5 shows the physical specifications of the motherboard and daughterboard. Table 1-5. Physical Specifications Item Specifications Motherboard Form factor: 4.95 x 7.34 inch motherboard PCB, 1.25 inch max Z-axis height AMP Z-Pack backplane mating receptacle, 235-pin connector with combined LVD, FC, RS-232 serial port, I2C, general purpose I/O (GPIO), and power Daughterboard Form factor: 4.0 x 2.19 inch max PCB board, 0.
Introduction Table 1-6. Electrical Specifications Item Specifications A/D Monitoring ± 8.0% normal operation 11.04 Vdc to 12.96 Vdc ± 10.0% degraded mode (warning alert) (10.8 Vdc) (13.2 Vdc) >± 10.0% controller shutdown (failure) 14.4 Vdc Battery 0.4 A max charging current 0.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 1-7. Environmental Specifications Item Specifications Humidity 10% to 85% non-condensing operating (without battery pack) 60% to 70% non-condensing operating/non-operating (with battery pack) 5% to 90% non-condensing non-operating (without battery pack) Air flow Internally cooled, unobstructed Vibration 5 Hz @ 2.0 x 10-7 PSD, 17-500 Hz @ 2.2 x 10-5 PSD (PSD = power spectral density g2 /Hz) per IBM C-S 1-9711-002 Shock Vertical: 30.0 g @ 3.
Introduction Reference Documents External Documents ! Adaptec’s AIC-7890/91 and AIC-7896, PCI Bus Master Single-chip LVDS Ultra II ASIC Data Book ! Adaptec’s AIC-1160, PCI Bus Master Single-chip Fibre Channel Data Book ! SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 Specification - ANSI standard documents ! Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface (FC-PH) - ANSI standard document Chaparral Documents ! Chaparral CAPI Functional Specification ! Chaparral K5312/K7313 Board-Only Design-In Handbook ! G5312/G7313 Externa
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2 Hardware Installation This chapter explains how to connect the controller in your RAID enclosure to your network and host computer. Connecting the Controller Your controller is already installed in an enclosure. Before you configure the controller and create arrays, you must connect the controller, which has two types of data connections: ! SCSI channel (G5312 and K5312)—permitting connection to a server (host).
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To connect to the Fibre Channel port: 1 2 3 Be sure the enclosure power is turned off. 4 Turn power on and begin configuration. Connect one end of the Fibre Channel cable to the FC port on the enclosure. Connect the other end of the Fibre Channel cable to a server’s HBA or to an arbitrated loop hub or fabric switch.
Hardware Installation To connect to the RS-232 port: 1 2 Be sure the enclosure power is turned off. 3 Connect the other end of the serial cable to the serial port on the computer that will monitor and configure the controller. 4 Turn power on and begin configuration. Using a straight-through serial cable, connect one end of the cable to the serial port on the enclosure.
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3 Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software You can display and change a variety of settings using the Disk Array Administrator software.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Setting Value Translations None Columns 80 Set the communications parameters for the terminal program as follows: Setting Value Baud rate 115,200 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None Flow Control Software (XON/XOFF) Connector COM1 (typically) To access the Disk Array Administrator software using the RS-232 serial port: 1 From the computer connected to the controller, start your terminal emulation software.
Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software 3 Press Enter. The System Menu displays. You can now perform all of the functions described in following chapters. All steps start from the System Menu. If an alarm condition has occurred, you will see a message about the problem. This message will also be stored in the event log. Navigating the Disk Array Administrator Software You can navigate the Disk Array Administrator software using your keyboard.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Note: After four minutes of inactivity, the Disk Array Administrator software times out and returns to the initial screen. Changing the Screen Display After you have accessed the Disk Array Administrator software, you can change the screen display using a combination of keystrokes, as shown on the System Menu. Table 3-2 lists the keystrokes required to change various screen displays. Table 3-2.
Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software Figure 3-1.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Figure 3-2.
4 Creating and Managing Arrays Using the Disk Array Administrator, you can create and manage arrays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 4-1. Drive requirements by array type (Continued) RAID Level Minimum No. of Drives Maximum No. of Drives 5 3 16 50 6 16 Mirrored 2 16 Note: Before you create more than one array, you must be sure that your host operating system supports multiple Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs). Most operating systems do, or have an option you can enable to support multiple LUNs. If your operating system does not support multiple LUNs, the host will only be able to see one array.
Creating and Managing Arrays If you do not want to name the array, you can just press Enter. You can add or change the name later. The LUN screen displays. 3 Select the LUN for the array and press Enter. The LUN that displays is the suggested default LUN assignment. If the letters OV appear before a LUN, it indicates that the selection overlaps with a soft LUN, probably the controller or SAF-TE Environmental Processor (SEP) LUN.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide The RAID Type screen displays. 4 Select the array type: RAID0, RAID3, RAID4, RAID5, RAID50, VOLUME (a single drive similar to just a bunch of disks (JBOD) except that it includes metadata), or MIRRORED and press Enter. Note: A RAID 10 array is created when there are more than two drives in a mirrored array. See Appendix A, Array Basics for more information. The Number of Drives screen displays.
Creating and Managing Arrays 5 Enter the number of drives (excluding spares) you want in the array and press Enter. The Select Drives screen displays with a list of all available drives, including the following information about each drive: – Channel – SCSI ID – Drive capacity – Drive manufacturer – Drive model number – Drive firmware revision – Drive state 6 Select the drives you want to use for the array and press Enter. You select a drive by highlighting it and pressing Enter.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 7 If the Number of Spares screen displays, enter the number of spares you want to add and press Enter. This creates dedicated spares that can only be used by this array. A dedicated spare drive will not be available for any other use. For more information about spares, see Chapter 6, Managing Spares. If you do not want a spare, enter 0. The Select Drives screen displays.
Creating and Managing Arrays appropriate chunk size, refer to your operating system documentation. For example, the default chunk size for Windows NT and many other operating systems is 64 KB. If you are using the array for a database with very small records, you may want to use a smaller chunk size. The system confirms that you want to create the array. 10 Select Yes and press Enter. A message notifies you that the array is being created and shows the progress of the initialization process.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Managing Arrays The Disk Array Administrator software lets you manage your arrays in a variety of ways.
Creating and Managing Arrays ! WBcache—Status of the write-back cache (enabled or disabled) for this array. ! Created—Date the array was created. ! Utility—Utility running (None, Verify, Reconstruct, Expand, or Initialize). To view the status of an array: 1 From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. 2 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 3 Select Array Status and press Enter. The status screen displays showing the status of the array you selected. 4 Press Esc to return to the Array Menu. Viewing Array Statistics You can view the current array statistics.
Creating and Managing Arrays 2 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. 3 Select Array Statistics and press Enter. The statistics menu screen displays. 4 Select View Statistics and press Enter. The statistics screen displays showing the statistics of the array you selected. 5 Press Esc to return to the statistics menu.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Resetting Array Statistics You can reset the follow array statistics to zero: ! Read ! Write ! SecRd ! SecWt ! I/O Size Note: Resetting statistics here also resets the statistics for this array that are included in the aggregate statistics. See Displaying Overall Statistics on page 5-11. You may want to reset the statistics if you are monitoring performance or doing benchmark testing. You may also want to reset statistics when you change how you are using the array.
Creating and Managing Arrays Viewing Drive Status You can view the status of the drives in an array, including the following information: ! Drive number—This drive’s sequential position in the controller’s drive list ! Drive status—Whether the drive is up or down ! Channel number—Back-end disk bus number ! Target ID ! Size—Size of the drive in MB ! Status—If part of an array, this displays the array name and member number. If a spare, this displays the type of spare.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide The drive status screen displays showing the drives that are members of the array and that are assigned as dedicated spares. Use the ↑ or ↓ arrow keys to scroll through the drives. These are the drives that are currently members of the array. 4 Press Esc to return to the Array Menu. Stopping the Array Initialization Process If you find that you need to change the disks or some other array configuration, you can stop the array initialization process.
Creating and Managing Arrays Verifying an Array The Verify function allows you to verify the data on the specified array (RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 50, and mirrored arrays only): ! RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, and RAID 50—Verifies all parity blocks in the selected array and corrects any bad parity. ! Mirrored—Compares the primary and secondary drives. If a mismatch occurs, the primary is copied to the secondary. You may want to verify an array when you suspect there is a problem.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 4 Select Start Verify and press Enter. Verification begins and the percentage of verification completed displays. You can continue to use the array during verification. To return to the verification menu, press Esc. To check the progress of the array verification, you can use the verification status described below or select Array Menu from the System Menu. The status of the verification displays in the list of arrays.
Creating and Managing Arrays Stopping the Verification You can stop the verification process. Normally, you want to let the verification finish, though stopping it does not cause any damage to your data. You may want to stop the verification if you want improve performance of the controller for another application. To stop the verification process: 1 From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Expanding Array Capacity You can expand array capacity without stopping I/O activity, so you can continue using the array while the expansion process runs. You can only expand one array at a time. Note: Expanding an array here does not change the size of the host operating system partitions that reside on the array, because our controller is working at the block level not the file system level of the operating system.
Creating and Managing Arrays To expand an array: 1 From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. 2 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. 3 Select Expand Function and press Enter. The expand menu displays. 4 Select Start Expand and press Enter. The Number of Drives screen displays. 5 Enter the number of drives you want to add and press Enter. The Select Drives screen displays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 6 Press Enter. The list of available drives screen displays. 7 Select the drives you want to add from the list of available drives and press Enter. Only available drives, that is, drives that are not members of an array and are not assigned as a dedicated or pool spares, display. You select a drive by highlighting it and pressing Enter. Each selected drive turns gray in the drive list.
Creating and Managing Arrays 3 Select Expand Function and press Enter. The expand menu displays. 4 Select View Expand Status and press Enter. The Expand Status screen displays. 5 Press Esc to return to the expand menu. Changing the Array LUN You can change the LUN assigned to an array, as it appears under the controller’s target ID from the host system’s point of view. The change takes place immediately, however, you may need to reboot the host system to see the array at the new LUN.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Changing the Array Name You can change the name of the array. This does not affect the target ID or LUN values of the array. The controller does not allow you to change an array name when a utility is running. To change the array name: 1 From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. 2 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays.
Creating and Managing Arrays ! Caution: The trust array feature can cause unstable operation and data loss if used improperly. This feature is intended for disaster recovery. To trust an array: 1 From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu displays. 2 Selection Option Configuration and press Enter. The Option Configuration Menu displays. 3 Select Enable Trust Array and press Enter. The Enable Trust Array screen displays. 4 Select Enable and press Enter.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Deleting an Array You can delete an array when you no longer need the array or you need the drives for another use. ! Caution: Deleting an array deletes the data contained in the array; however, before reusing the drives, you should do a low-level format on each drive. Note: You cannot delete an array while any utility (Initialize, Verify, Expand, or Reconstruct) is running on the array. You must stop the utility, if allowed, or let it finish before you can delete the array.
5 Monitoring System Status You should monitor your system regularly to ensure that the controller, disks, and arrays are working properly.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide ! Array critical ! Array offline ! Temperature warning ! Temperature failure (this leads to a shutdown which is also logged) ! Voltage warning ! Voltage failure (this leads to a shutdown which is also logged) The event log stores the most recent 400 events. Events are numbered sequentially from 001 to 999. The numbering wraps back to 001 after reaching 999.
Monitoring System Status To display one event at a time: 1 From the System Menu, select Event Log Menu and press Enter. The Event Log Menu screen displays. 2 Select View Event Log and press Enter. The Event Log screen displays the last event that occurred. Sequential event number Event date Event time Event 3 Press ↑ to see the previous event. You can continue to view earlier events by pressing ↑. 4 Press Esc to return to the Event Log Menu.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Viewing a Whole Screen of Events You can also view events from the log file a whole screen at time. This lets you quickly review all recent events. The events display in chronological order, that is, the most recent event is last. To display a whole screen of events: 1 From anywhere in the Disk Array Administrator software, press CTRL-E. The first screen of events from the event log displays. 2 3 Press u to page up or d to page down in the log.
Monitoring System Status 2 From the Transfer menu in HyperTerminal, select Capture Text. The Capture Text window displays. 3 4 5 6 Enter the path and file name you want to use to store the log file contents. Click Start. Press P on the keyboard to begin the transfer. From the Transfer menu in HyperTerminal, select Capture Text. The Capture Text window displays. 7 Click Stop. Displaying Hardware and Configuration Information You can display the controller’s hardware and configuration information.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 5-1. Configuration information (Continued) Group Field What displays Controller LUN SOFT, NONE, or specific number as set in the Disk Array Administrator software. Topology Always Loop.* Field What displays (G7313 and K7313 only) CHAN 0 5-6 Node WWN (G7313 and K7313 only) FC World Wide Name for node. Port WWN (G7313 and K7313 only) FC World Wide Name for port. FC Addr (G7313 and K7313 only) 24-bit FC address or None if the FC link is not active.
Monitoring System Status Table 5-1. Configuration information (Continued) Group Field What displays Field What displays CHAN 1 Initiator ID SCSI ID of controller on Channel 1 as set in the Disk Array Administrator software. Ultra/U2 Hardware runs as Ultra2. CHAN 2 Initiator ID SCSI ID of controller on Channel 2 as set in the Disk Array Administrator software. Ultra/U2 Hardware runs as Ultra2. CONTROLLER Backoff Percentage set in Disk Array Administrator software.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 5-1. Configuration information (Continued) Group Field What displays Field What displays SEP Poll Rate Number of seconds as set in the Disk Array Administrator software. Temperature ON or OFF as set in Disk Array Administrator software. Slot flags ON or OFF as set in Disk Array Administrator software. Global Flags ON or OFF as set in Disk Array Administrator software.
Monitoring System Status 2 Select Hardware Information and press Enter. The Hardware Information screen displays. 3 Press Esc to return to the Utilities Menu.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To display hardware and configuration information: 1 From anywhere in the Disk Array Administrator software, press CTRL-E. The first screen of events from the event log displays. 2 Press CTRL-E again. The Hardware Information screen displays. 3 Press CTRL-E again. You can press Esc to return to the previous screen. The Configuration Information screen displays. 4 5-10 Press CTRL-E or Esc to return to where you started from.
Monitoring System Status Displaying Overall Statistics You can display two types of aggregate statistics for all array LUNs: ! General statistics (Similar statistics are also available for individual array LUNs. For more information, see Viewing Array Statistics on page 4-10.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To access the general array statistics: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. 2 Select Overall Statistics and press Enter. The Overall Statistics screen displays. 3 Select View Statistics and press Enter. The View Statistics screen displays. 4 5-12 Press Esc to return to the Overall Statistics screen.
Monitoring System Status To access the read/write histogram: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. 2 Select Overall Statistics and press Enter. The Overall Statistics screen displays. 3 Select View R/W Histogram and press Enter. The View R/W Histogram screen displays. 4 Press Esc to return to the Overall Statistics screen.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Resetting Overall Statistics You can also reset all of the overall statistics back to zero. You may want to reset the statistics if you are monitoring performance or doing benchmark testing. Note: Resetting statistics here also resets the statistics for each individual array. See Viewing Array Statistics on page 4-10. To reset overall statistics: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays.
6 Managing Spares Chaparral RAID controllers automatically reconstruct redundant (fault-tolerant) arrays (RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 50, and mirrored) if an array becomes critical and a properly sized spare drive is available. An array becomes critical when one or more member drives fails. You can set up two types of spare drives: ! Dedicated—available drive that is assigned to a specific array. See page 6-1.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide While using a dedicated spare is the most secure way to provide spares for your arrays, it is also expensive to keep an idle drive assigned to each array. An alternative method is to assign one or more idle drives to the spare pool. See Managing the Spare Pool on page 6-5. Adding a Dedicated Spare You assign dedicated spare drives to a specific array. If a member drive in the array fails, the controller uses a dedicated spare drive to automatically reconstruct the array.
Managing Spares Deleting a Dedicated Spare You can delete a dedicated spare drive from an array at any time. To delete a dedicated spare drive: 1 From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. 2 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. 3 4 Select Delete Spare and press Enter. Select the spare drive you want to delete and press Enter. The system confirms the deletion.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To enable dynamic spares: 1 From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. 2 Select Option Configuration and press Enter. The Option Configuration screen displays. 3 Select Dynamic Spare Configuration and press Enter. The Dynamic Spare Config screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. 4 Select Enabled and press Enter. The Rescan Rate screen displays. 5 Enter the rescan rate in minutes.
Managing Spares Managing the Spare Pool The spare pool lets you have one or more disk drives available for the reconstruction of redundant arrays (Mirrored [RAID 1 and RAID 10] and Parity [RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, and RAID 50]) arrays. Once you assign a drive to the spare pool, it is not available for use as an array member or as a dedicated spare. If a pool spare is too small (smaller than an individual member in an array), the controller cannot use it.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 2 Select Add Pool Spare and press Enter. The Select Drives screen displays. 3 Select each spare drive you want to add and press Enter. Deleting a Spare from the Spare Pool You can delete a spare from the spare pool at any time. To delete a spare from the spare pool: 1 From the System Menu, select Pool Spare Menu and press Enter. The Pool Spare Menu screen displays. 2 Select Delete Pool Spare and press Enter.
Managing Spares Displaying the Spare Pool You can display a list of the all of the pool spares. To display the spare pool: 1 From the System Menu, select Pool Spare Menu and press Enter. The Pool Spare Menu screen displays. 2 Select Display Pool Spares and press Enter. The Display Pool Spare screen displays listing all disk drives assigned to the spare pool. 3 Press Esc to return to the Spare Pool Menu.
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7 Configuring the Controller The Disk Array Administrator lets you configure settings and perform a variety of functions on the controller.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide ! Caution: Anyone accessing an array when you shut down the controller will lose access and may lose data. To shut down and restart the controller: 1 From the System Menu, select Shutdown/Restart and press Enter. The system confirms that you want to shut down. 2 Select Yes and press Enter. The system confirms that it has shut down. 3 Press Enter to reboot. The system performs its self-test.
Configuring the Controller 3 Select Set Date and press Enter. The Set Date screen displays. 4 Enter the date you want and press Enter. Enter the date in the following format: MM/DD/YYYY. The system confirms that you want to make the change. 5 Select Yes and press Enter to make the changes. The system confirms that the changes are made. 6 Press Esc to return to the Configuration Menu. To set the controller’s time: 1 From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 3 Select Set Time and press Enter. The Set Time screen displays. 4 Enter the time you want and press Enter. Enter the time in the following format: hh:mm:ss. The system confirms that you want to make the change. 5 Select Yes and press Enter to make the changes. The system confirms that the changes are made. 6 Press Esc to return to the Configuration Menu.
Configuring the Controller ! Controller LUN—You only need to assign a controller LUN if you are using the Configuration Application Program Interface (CAPI) to configure the controller over a host channel via SCSI protocol extensions. If you are not using CAPI, you can set the controller LUN to NONE. If you are using CAPI, you can set it to a value of 0-7 or SOFT. If set to SOFT, the controller LUN is automatically assigned a LUN value when the controller boots.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Changing the Controller’s Target ID and LUN You can change the controller’s target ID or LUN, if necessary: ! Target ID—This is either the SCSI target ID for the G5312 or K5312 or the controller’s FC Loop ID for the G7313 or K7313. – SCSI target ID—You may need to change controller’s SCSI target ID when you have existing devices at ID 1, the controller’s default, or when you are adding more than one controller to a system.
Configuring the Controller – Any number between 0 and 7—Select a specific number if you want the controller’s LUN to stay the same when you reboot. To change the controller’s target ID and LUN: 1 From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. 2 Select Host Configuration and press Enter. The Host Configuration screen displays. 3 Select Target ID and press Enter. The Target ID screen displays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To Keep the same Loop ID for the channel at all times Do this ! Select the [Loop ID] you want to use and press Enter. This can be any number from 0 to 125. The Controller LUN screen displays. 5 Select the option or number you want to use. To Do this Not assign the controller a LUN ! Select NONE and press Enter. Let the controller determine the channel LUN each time it powers up ! Select SOFT and press Enter. This is the default setting.
Configuring the Controller Configuring the SCSI Channels You can change two channel configuration options for each channel: ! Channel speed—You can change the channel speed for each SCSI channel on the controller. You can select Ultra or Ultra2. This is helpful if you are troubleshooting a problem on the channel or if you have legacy ultrawide disk drives. Note: Ultra/Ultra2 SCSI is enabled by default.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 3 Select the channel you want and press Enter. The Ultra/U2 screen displays.The current setting is marked with an * next to it 4 Select the setting you want and press Enter. The initiator ID screen displays showing the current initiator ID. 5 Select the initiator ID you want and press Enter. The system confirms that you want to make the change. 6 7 7-10 Select Yes and press Enter to make the changes. Press Esc to return to the Configuration Menu.
Configuring the Controller Working with LUN Zoning The controller’s LUN zoning capability lets you specify which servers (hosts) can access each array. This gives you complete control of array access based on your specific needs. LUN zoning is only available on the G7313 and K7313 models. Figure 7-1 shows an example of how you can use LUN zoning. Figure 7-1. LUN zoning example Before you set up LUN zoning, you should know the World Wide Name (WWN) for each server that you want to set up.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Viewing Known WWNs You can view a list of all server (host) WWNs that the controller is aware of on your SAN. The controller will be aware of any server that was booted since the controller was last restarted. Typically, servers scan for devices during their device discovery process. When this happens, the controller saves the WWN information for the server and retains the information even after you reboot the controller.
Configuring the Controller 3 Select Display Host List and press Enter. The Display Host List screen displays showing all WWNs known to the controller. The WWNs are listed according the when they were booted. The most recently booted server (host) is listed first Note: A hosts WWN can be placed at the top of the known hosts list whenever the host performs a device discovery or bus scanning type of operation. 4 Press Esc to return to the Manage Host Names screen.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Creating Names (Aliases) for Server WWNs You can give the servers on your SAN names (aliases) that you can easily recognize to make LUN zoning easier to manage. For example, you can use the computer name that has already been assigned to each server. You can determine which WWN is for which server by booting one server at a time and then viewing the WWN list. The most recently booted server is first on the list. You can name up to 63 servers.
Configuring the Controller Note: If you have not manually assigned a WWN an alias, the controller will attempt to give the WWN a default name. The default name, if available, is the name of the manufacturer of the server’s host bus adapter (HBA), enclosed in angle brackets. For example, a Qlogic HBA will have a default name of . 4 Select the WWN you want to name and press Enter. The Enter Host Name screen displays. 5 Enter the name (alias) you want and press Enter.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 3 Select LUN Zoning and press Enter. The LUN Exclude List or LUN Include List screen displays. The default setting for each array LUN is Include All Hosts. This results in all servers (hosts) being able to access all arrays. You can change the list type using the Change Zone Type option. See the next step. 4 Select the option you want and press Enter. – Display Host List—Displays a list of the servers (hosts) currently on the include or exclude list for the selected array.
Configuring the Controller Include All Hosts—Permits all servers (hosts) on the network to access the selected array. This is the default zone type. This results in all servers (hosts) being able to access all arrays. If you have already created an include or exclude list, you can use this option to override the list. Your existing list is retained and you can display, add, or remove servers from the list.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Changing the Alarm Mute Setting You can enable or disable the audible alarm that sounds when the controller becomes too hot, detects low or high voltage, or an array becomes critical or offline. Changing the mute setting lets you turn off the alarm when it is sounding. You should turn it back on after resolving the problem. The alarm sounds for temperature or voltage conditions (events). Warning events are generated when the temperature or voltage enters the warning range.
Configuring the Controller Table 7-1. Alarm thresholds Alarm threshold What to do when the alarm sounds VCC voltage ! Check the Disk Array Administrator software to Warning—5V -3.5% and +6.5% Shutdown—5V -6.5% and +10% 12V voltage confirm what the alarm means. See Chapter 3, Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software. ! If it is a warning alarm, let the controller continue to operate. ! If it is a shutdown alarm, turn off the power to the controller and send it for service.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Locking the Cache Setting You can prevent host systems from using SCSI mode select commands to change the controller’s write-back cache setting. Some operating systems disable write cache. If cache lock is enabled, the host cannot modify the cache setting. The default setting is disabled. This option is useful in some environments where the host system disables the controller’s write-back cache, resulting in degraded performance.
Configuring the Controller 3 Select Cache Lock and press Enter. The Cache Lock screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. 4 Select the option you want and press Enter. Enabling and Disabling the Battery If you are not using a battery in your controller, the controller will sound an alarm. To eliminate the alarm, you can disable the battery. The default setting is battery enabled.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 3 Select Battery and press Enter. The Battery screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it 4 Select the option you want and press Enter. Changing the Utility Priority You can change the priority at which all utilities (Verify, Reconstruct, Expand, Initialize, etc.) run when there are active I/O operations competing for the controller’s CPU.
Configuring the Controller To change Utility priority: 1 From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. 2 Select Utility Priority and press Enter. The Utility Priority screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. 3 Select the option you want and press Enter. Rescanning All Channels You can tell the controller to scan all disk channels for new or removed disk drives.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To rescan all channels: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. 2 Select Rescan and press Enter. Pausing I/O Some drive enclosures allow you to remove and replace drives while SCSI bus activity continues; others do not. Refer to your enclosure documentation. ! Caution: Pausing I/O halts active I/O to the host.
Configuring the Controller To pause I/O: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. 2 Select Hot Swap Pause and press Enter. The Bus Paused screen displays. 3 ! When you have replaced the drive, resume SCSI bus activity by pressing Esc. Caution: Do not stay in the Hot Swap Pause mode for too long; otherwise, an operating system time-out may occur (the time varies according to the operating system).
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To restore the default settings: 1 From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. 2 Select Restore Defaults and press Enter. The Restore Defaults screen displays. The selected option is marked with an * next to it. The system confirms that you want to make the change. 3 Select Yes and press Enter to make the change. The system confirms that the changes are made. 4 Press Enter to return to the Configuration Menu.
Configuring the Controller To upgrade the controller’s firmware: 1 Call Chaparral technical support for information about downloading the firmware updates. See Chaparral Technical Support on page 9-1. 2 From the computer connected to the controller, access the Disk Array Administrator software. See Chapter 3, Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software. 3 From the System Menu, select Shutdown/Restart and press Enter. The system confirms that you want to shut down. 4 Select Yes and press Enter.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 8 Using your terminal emulator software, send the .fla file using KERMIT. If you are using HyperTerminal, select Transfer | Send File, navigate to where the firmware update file is located, select it, and click Open. Select the same Protocol from the drop-down list as you selected from the Flash Utility screen. Click Send. The file transfers. The system displays messages showing that it is flashing the code and rebooting the controller.
8 Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures The Disk Array Administrator software lets you control a variety of functions related to disk drives and SAF-TE Environmental Processor (SEP) enclosures connected to your controller.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Displaying Drive Information You can display two types of information about disk drives: ! A list of all drives connected to the controller ! The status of all drives in an array Displaying All Drives You can display a list of all drives connected to the controller.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures To display all drives: 1 From the System Menu, select Display Drives and press Enter. The Display Drives screen displays. 2 Press Esc to return to the System Menu.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To view drive status: 1 From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. 2 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. 3 Select Drive Status and press Enter. The Drive Status screen displays showing the drives that are members of the array and that are assigned as spares. Use the ↑ or ↓ arrow keys to scroll through the drives.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures To clear metadata from a drive: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. 2 Select Drive Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Drive Utilities Menu screen displays. 3 Select Clear Metadata and press Enter. The Select Drive screen displays showing drives that are not array members. 4 Select the drive you want and press Enter. You can now use this drive in an array or as a spare.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 2 Select Disk Configuration and press Enter. The Disk Configuration screen displays. 3 Select Write-back Cache and press Enter. The Write-back Cache screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. 4 5 Select the option you want and press Enter. Reboot or rescan to have your changes take effect. See Rebooting the Controller on page 7-1 or Rescanning All Channels on page 7-23.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures Displaying Disk Cache Status You can display cache status of each disk drive. Any disk drives with write-back cache enabled should be connected to a UPS in case of power failure. If the drives are not on a UPS and power is lost during disk writes, the array will lose any data in the disk’s write-back cache. To display disk cache status: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 4 Select a drive and press Enter. The cache status screen displays showing the status of the read and write cache. 5 Press Esc to return to the Drive Utilities Menu. Enabling and Disabling SMART Changes You can enable or disable the ability to change the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) settings for all drives connected to the controller.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures 3 Select SMART and press Enter. The SMART screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. 4 5 Select the option you want and press Enter. Reboot or rescan to have your changes take effect. See Rebooting the Controller on page 7-1 or Rescanning All Channels on page 7-23. Blinking a Drive LED You can blink the LED on a specific drive.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 3 Select Blink Drive LED and press Enter. The Select Drive screen displays. 4 5 Select the drive you want and press Enter. Press Esc to stop blinking the LED. Taking Down a Drive ! Caution: This function is only for testing arrays and should not be used in normal operation. The Down Drive function sets the status of a drive in a fault-tolerant array to down. This forces the controller to remove it from the array and marks the array as critical.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures Testing a Drive This function issues a Test Unit Ready (TUR) command to the selected disk. This just tells you that the drive can respond, but it still may not be functioning properly. To test a drive: 1 From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. 2 Select Drive Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Drive Utilities Menu screen displays. 3 Select Test Unit Ready and press Enter. The Select Drive screen displays.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide – Slot update status – Enclosure update status Changing the SEP LUN SEP LUNs allow access to SEPs. A SEP LUN may be set to a value of 0-7, SOFT, or NONE. If set to SOFT, the SEP LUN is automatically assigned a value when the controller boots. The soft LUN value will be assigned to the first available LUN (starting from zero) that does not already have a hard (that is, a numeric) LUN assignment. NONE means that the SEP cannot be accessed via a LUN.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures 3 Select SEP LUNs and press Enter. The SEP LUNs screen displays. 4 Select the LUN of the SEP you want and press Enter. The SEP LUN screen displays. 5 Select the option or number you want to use. To Do this Not assign the SEP a LUN ! Select NONE and press Enter. Let the controller determine the SEP LUN each time it powers up ! Select SOFT and press Enter. This is the default setting.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide To Do this Keep the same LUN for the SEP at all times ! Select the [LUN] you want to use and press Enter. This can be any number from 0 to 7 that is not already in use. The system confirms that you want to make the change. 6 Select Yes and press Enter to make the change. Changing the Additional SEP Settings You can change four additional SEP settings: ! Polling interval—This is the interval, in seconds, that the controller polls the SEPs for status changes.
Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures 3 Select SEP Settings and press Enter. The Poll Rate screen displays. 4 Enter the poll rate you want, in seconds, and press Enter. The Temperature screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 5 Select the option you want and press Enter. The Slot Flags screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it 6 Select whether you want the SEP to send slot status updates to the controller and press Enter. The Global Flags screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. 7 Select whether you want the SEP to send enclosure status updates to the controller and press Enter. The system confirms that you want to make the change.
9 Troubleshooting Chaparral Technical Support For assistance configuring and using your Chaparral product, contact your authorized distributor or Chaparral technical support at: support@chaparralnet.com. Resolutions to common problems you may encounter are described in the following sections. Terminal Emulator and COM Port Problems Problem: Screen continuously puts out garbage characters. The likely cause of this problem is a baud rate mismatch between the terminal emulator and the controller.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Problem: Nothing is displayed on the terminal emulator screen. The probable cause of this problem is a bad RS-232 cable connection or swapped transmit/receive lines. If the cable is properly connected on both ends, try a null modem adapter that will reverse the RS-232 transmit and receive signals. The need for a null modem adapter depends on both your enclosure and the RS-232 cable you are using. Problem: Screen is updated, but won’t respond to keystrokes.
Troubleshooting The default setting is 1% backoff. This default allows you to easily work with drives that have the same nominal capacity, but different actual capacities. The backoff percentage affects all arrays created on the controller after you set the percentage. If the drives in an array are not equal in size, the array capacity in a RAID-5 array is based on the smallest member’s capacity. The backoff percentage is then backed off the capacity from that amount.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide conflict with any other devices on the host SCSI channel. If you have a long SCSI cable, try a different or shorter cable. Problem: Only one array is displayed during host SCSI BIOS scan. Check to assure that LUN support is enabled. Most SCSI host adapters, such as the AHA-2940U2W, ship with LUN support disabled by default. Use Display Array Status to check the LUN assignment for each array.
Troubleshooting Problem: Controller failed the onboard memory test. When this failure occurs, it means the internal CPU memory failed. Replace the controller to correct the problem. Problem: System hangs at Loading Bridge during BFLU Loader Menu. Reflash the firmware to ensure you are using the latest version. See Upgrading Firmware on page 7-26. If you cannot update the firmware or if the updated firmware does not correct the problem, replace the controller.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Problem: The controller’s STATUS LED is on but there is no RS-232 display. (The controller’s STATUS LED is on the controller board and is only visible if you open your enclosure or if it is connected to a status LED on your enclosure.) Check that the RS-232 cable is the correct type (direct connect). Check that the terminal emulation utility on the computer system is properly configured. See Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Using the RS-232 Serial Port on page 3-1.
Troubleshooting Warnings Warning events let you know that something related to the controller or an array has a problem. You should correct the problem as soon as possible. Table 9-1 below defines each warning event and recommends the action you should take. Table 9-1. Warning events Event Definition Recommended Action BATT FAIL INFO A warning condition in the battery pack and/or charging interface has been detected. Replace the battery. Refer to the enclosure’s documentation.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 9-1. Warning events (Continued) Event Definition Recommended Action ARRAY OFFLINE More than one drive in a RAID 0 or volume set went down bringing the array to an offline state. This array is no longer accessible by the host. Replace the bad drive and restore the data from backup. VOLT/TEMP WARN The analog to digital convertor monitored a temperature and/or voltage in the warning range. Check that the controller’s fan is running.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2. Error events (Continued) Event Definition Recommended Action DISK CHAN FAILED An error has occurred in communicating on the disk channel. Check the cables on the channel. Check the termination on the disk channel. SDRAM UNCORR ECC A noncorrectable multiple bit SDRAM ECC error. Reseat the memory. If the problem continues, replace the memory. Using the Loader Diagnostics Menu If you have any diagnostic errors, contact Chaparral technical support.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Using the information in Table 9-3 and Table 9-4 below, you can see that this is a medium error, unrecovered read error—recommend reassignment. Table 9-3 lists some of the most common SCSI sense key descriptions (in hexadecimal). Table 9-4 lists the descriptions for the most common sense codes (ASC) and sense code qualifiers (ASCQ), all in hexadecimal. See the SCSI Primary Commands - 2 (SPC-2) Specification for a complete list of ASC and ASCQ descriptions. Table 9-3.
Troubleshooting Table 9-4.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide The example below shows a disk channel error displaying the hexadecimal code. See Table 9-5 below for a list of error code descriptions. Most disk channel errors are informational since the controller issues retries to correct any problem. Errors that cannot be corrected with retries will result in another critical event describing the affected disk array (if any). Disk Channel SCSI ID Error Code Table 9-5.
Troubleshooting Table 9-5. Disk Channel Error Codes (Continued) Error Code Description 43 I/O request was aborted because of third-party channel reset (displayed as “Abort 3PRST”). 44 Controller decided to abort I/O request for reasons other than bus or target reset 45 I/O request was aborted because of target reset requested by controller 46 Target did not respond properly to abort sequence 4B I/O aborted due to operating mode change (such as LVD to SE or SE to LVD) (displayed as “Abort MdChg”).
G- and K-Series User’s Guide 9-14
A Array Basics Chaparral’s RAID controllers let you set up and manage disk arrays. A disk array is a group of disks that appears to the system as a single virtual disk. This is accomplished through software resident in the RAID controller. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) refers to disk arrays in which part of the array storage capacity may be used to store redundant information. The redundant information lets you restore user data if a disk in the array fails.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide RAID 0 arrays do not store redundant data, so they are not true RAID applications. If one disk fails, the entire array fails and all array data is lost. The fault-tolerance of a RAID 0 array, therefore, is less than that of any single disk in the array. The term RAID 0 is widely used for these arrays, however, because they are conceptually similar to true RAID applications.
Array Basics RAID 4 RAID 4 is similar to RAID 3 in that the redundant information is achieved in the form of parity data. The user data is distributed across all but one of the disks. The controller uses a single, dedicated parity drive for data protection. The main difference is that RAID 3 usually synchronizes writes to its disks, while RAID 4 can send data to its disk independently.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Volume Sets A volume set is the ability to create a host-accessible LUN that maps to a single disk in the array, similar to JBOD. Volume sets are non-redundant and have a capacity slightly less than the physical disk they are created from. Volume sets are useful if you have a single disk available and you don’t want to use it as a spare. Note: For more information on RAID levels, see The RAIDbook: A Source Book for RAID Technology, published by the RAID Advisory Board (St.
Array Basics Table A-1. Comparing RAID Levels (Continued) RAID Level Min No.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table A-1. Comparing RAID Levels (Continued) RAID Level Min No.
Glossary Address—An address is a data structure or logical convention used to identify a unique entity, such as a particular process or network device. Arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA)—An AL_PA is a 1-byte value used in an arbitrated loop topology. This value is used to identify L_Ports. The value then becomes the last byte of the address identifier for each public L_Port on the loop. Bus—See Channel.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide FC Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)—FC-AL is one of three FC topologies in which ports use arbitration to establish a point-to-point circuit. Arbitrated loops allow multiple ports to be connected serially in a single loop. Up to 126 NL_Ports and 1 FL_Port can be configured in a unidirectional loop. Ports arbitrate for access to the loop based on their AL_PA. Ports with lower AL_PAs have higher priority than ports with higher AL_PAs.
Glossary Initiator mode—Initiator mode is the configuration mode of a device in which an FC or SCSI initiator requests operations to be performed by an FC or SCSI target device. Logical unit number or logical unit (LUN)—A LUN is a subdivision of a SCSI target. For SCSI-3, each SCSI target supports up to 64 LUNs. An FC host using LUNs can address multiple peripheral devices that may share a common controller. Loop address—Loop address is an FC term that indicates the unique ID of a node in FC loop topology.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide SCSI bus—A SCSI bus provides a means of transferring data between SCSI devices. A SCSI bus is either an 8- or 16-bit bus that supports up to 8 or 16 devices, including itself. The bus can consist of any mix of initiators and targets, with the requirement that at least one initiator and one target must be present. SCSI device—A SCSI device is a single unit on a SCSI bus that originates or services SCSI commands. A SCSI device is identified by a unique SCSI address.
Glossary a terminator be placed on the 68-pin high-density SCSI connector on the last SCSI peripheral. Data errors may occur in a SCSI bus that is not terminated. Topology—A network topology refers to the physical layout of nodes on a network. Topologies range from local network topologies to WAN topologies. FC topologies include point-to-point, FC-AL, and fabric. Trap—In the context of SNMP, a trap is an unsolicited message sent by an agent to a management station.
G- and K-Series User’s Guide G-6
Index A Abort Initialization 4-14 Abort Verify 4-17 accessing the Disk Array Administrator software 3-1 Add an Array 4-2 Add Host to List 7-16 Add or Name Host screen 7-14 Add Pool Spare 6-6 Add Spare 6-2 adding arrays 4-1 dedicated spares 6-2 pool spares 6-5 alarm temperature thresholds for 7-18 turning on or off for the controller 7-18 voltage thresholds for 7-18 Alarm Mute screen 7-19 aliases, giving to WWNs 7-14 Array Statistics 4-11, 4-12 Array Status 4-10 array types defined A-1 maximum number of driv
G- and K-Series User’s Guide C cache disabling for disk drives 8-5 enabling for disk drives 8-5 locking setting on controller 7-20 Cache Lock screen 7-21 capacity, expanding for arrays 4-18 capturing, the event log file 5-4 Change Array Name 4-22 Change LUN 4-21 Change Zone Type 7-16 Channel Configuration screen 7-9 channels changing SCSI ID 7-9 changing SCSI speed 7-9 configuring for SCSI 7-9 rescanning 7-23 Chaparral technical support 9-1 Chunk Size screen 4-6 Clear Metadata 8-5 communications parameters
Index Delete an Array 4-24 Delete Spare 6-3 deleting arrays 4-24 dedicated spares 6-3 pool spares 6-6 device SCSI channel problems 9-4 disk array A-1 Disk Array Administrator accessing 3-1 changing the screen display 3-4 initial screen 3-2 menu tree 3-4 navigating in 3-3 System Menu 3-3 Disk Configuration screen 8-6 disk drives blinking LED of 8-9 clearing metadata from 8-4 disabling SMART changes 8-8 disabling write-back cache 8-5 displaying 8-2 displaying status 8-3 enabling SMART changes 8-8 enabling wri
G- and K-Series User’s Guide Enable Trust Array screen 4-23 enclosures changing LUNs 8-12 changing the enclosure status setting 8-14 changing the polling interval 8-14 changing the slot status setting 8-14 changing the temperature status setting 8-14 Enter Array Name screen 4-2 Enter New Name 4-22 environmental specifications 1-8, 1-11 error events 9-8 error messages 9-7, 9-8 event log capturing 5-4 displaying 5-1 Event Log Menu 5-3 Event Log Menu screen 5-3 Event Log screen 5-3 events capturing log file 5-
Index L LEDs, blinking for disk drives 8-9 leftover drives, clearing metadata from 8-4 log file capturing 5-4 viewing 5-1 Loop ID, changing for controller 7-6 LUN screen 4-3 LUN zoning configuring 7-15 naming WWNs 7-14 overview 7-11 viewing known WWNs 7-12 LUNs changing for arrays 4-21 changing for controller 7-6 changing for SEPs 8-12 for arrays 7-5 for SEP 7-5 for the controller 7-5 understanding 7-4 M Manage Host Names 7-12, 7-14 Manage Host Names screen 7-12 menu tree 3-4 metadata, clearing from disk
G- and K-Series User’s Guide compared A-4 described A-1 RAID reference information A-4 RAID type screen 4-4 rebooting the controller 7-1 reconstructing arrays 4-17, 6-1 Remove Host from List 7-16 Rescan 7-24 rescanning channels 7-23 Reset Statistics 4-12 resetting aggregate statistics for all arrays 5-14 array statistics 4-12 restarting the controller 7-1 Restore Defaults screen 7-26 restoring default settings 7-25 resuming I/O 7-25 RS-232 port connecting to 2-2 settings for 2-2, 3-1 S sample rate, changin
Index deleting dedicated 6-3 deleting pool 6-6 displaying pool 6-7 enabling automatic 6-3 enabling dynamic 6-3 use in reconstructing 6-1 specifications 1-7 speed, changing for SCSI channels 7-9 Start Expand 4-19 Start Verify 4-16 statistics resetting aggregate for all arrays 5-14 resetting for arrays 4-12 viewing aggregate for all arrays 5-11 viewing for arrays 4-10 viewing read/write histogram 5-11 status monitoring for system 5-1 of expanding 4-20 viewing for arrays 4-8 viewing for disk drive cache 8-7 vi
G- and K-Series User’s Guide disk drive status 8-3 disk drives 8-2 drive status 4-13 events 5-1 known WWNs 7-12 pool spares 6-7 read/write histogram 5-11 status for drives 8-7 voltage, alarm thresholds for 7-18 volume sets A-4 W warning events 9-7 World Wide Names naming 7-14 viewing known 7-12 write-back cache disabling for disk drives 8-5 enabling for disk drives 8-5 locking setting on controller 7-20 viewing for disk drives 8-7 WWNs giving names to 7-14 viewing known 7-12 I-8
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