C H A P T E R 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration The system startup process and a procedure for performing a basic configuration of your Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, or Cisco 12810 router is presented in the following sections: • Sources of Cisco IOS Software, page 4-2 • Preconfiguration Requirements, page 4-2 • Boot Process Overview, page 4-3 • Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process, page 4-4 • Manually Booting the System, page 4-11 • Configuring the Router, page 4-14
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Sources of Cisco IOS Software This chapter provides you with the information to configure your system so that it can access the network or enable other hosts in the network to access your system remotely by means of a Telnet connection. Detailed configuration procedures are beyond the scope of this document, but you can find more information in the “Post-Installation Procedures” section on page 4-63.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Boot Process Overview • Note • A terminal device is connected to the console port on the RP, powered on, and configured for 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, and 2 stop bits (9600, 8N2). You must connect a terminal to the RP to perform the initial configuration of the router. The flash memory card that shipped with your router is installed in slot 0 of the RP.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process 7. When the Cisco IOS software boots, it polls all other cards in the system, powers them on, and loads the Cisco IOS software they require. 8. The RP waits for all other cards to finish their boot processes.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process Step 4 Observe the RP alphanumeric LED displays during the RP boot process (Figure 4-1). Figure 4-1 RP Alphanumeric LED Displays PROCESSOR Upper alphanumeric LED display (four digits) H10780 Lower alphanumeric LED display (four digits) Each 4-digit display shows part of a 2-line system message.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process Table 4-1 RP Alphanumeric LED Display Sequence Examples (continued) LED Display1 Meaning PRI RP The RP is enabled and is recognized as the system primary RP. A valid RP Cisco IOS Cisco IOS image is running. software SEC RP The RP is enabled and is recognized as the system secondary RP. A valid Cisco IOS image is running. Source RP Cisco IOS software 1.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process Figure 4-2 GRP LEDs—Partial Front Panel View T EC EJ -1 OT SL -0 OT SL T SE RE X AU K LIN LL CO TX RJ -4 5 H10762 RX I MI PRP Ethernet Ports and LEDs—Partial Front Panel View K TX EN TX PRIMARY 70693 PRIMARY LIN K EN SL RX RX ETH 1 S OT LOT -0 -1 ETH 0 LIN Figure 4-3 Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, and Cisco 12810 Router Installation and Configuration Guide OL-11496-01 4-7
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process Step 6 During the line card boot process, observe the alphanumeric LED displays on each line card (Figure 4-4). Note The line card boot process occurs immediately after the RP boot process. The system attempts to boot identical line cards in parallel. Further, the system boots line cards as soon as they are powered on and become available.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process Table 4-2 Line Card Alphanumeric LED Display Sequence Examples (continued) LED Display1 Meaning Source ROMI GET The ROM image is being loaded into line card memory. RP Cisco IOS software FABL WAIT The line card is waiting for the fabric downloader to load.3 RP Cisco IOS software FABL DNLD The fabric downloader is being loaded into line card memory.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process Step 7 The router automatically boots using the default image (if a flash memory card containing a valid Cisco IOS software image is inserted in slot 0 and the software configuration register is set to 0x0102).
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Manually Booting the System You do not need to configure the network interfaces immediately, but you cannot connect to a network until you configure the interfaces for operation in your network environment. For configuration information, see the “Configuring the Router” section on page 4-14. Note The interface-specific LEDs on the line cards may not power on until you configure the line card interfaces.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Manually Booting the System Locating a Valid Cisco IOS Software Image Use the following procedure to locate a Cisco IOS software image to manually boot the router from the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>). Step 1 Enter the ROM monitor mode dir bootflash command to examine the contents of the onboard flash memory in NVRAM on the RP. rommon 1> dir bootflash: File size 3277967 bytes (0x32048f) rommon 2> Step 2 Checksum 0x6b331e30 File name gsr-p-mz.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Manually Booting the System Caution Use the boot flash command with care. Make sure that the flash memory card inserted in slot 0 contains a valid Cisco IOS software image; otherwise, you could instruct the system to boot an invalid image from the flash memory card. Before entering a boot command, always enter the dir slotn: command to examine the contents of a flash memory card. Table 4-3 Boot Commands Command Purpose boot (No argument.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Router Note If you did not change the configuration register setting, the next reload will revert to the default configuration register setting (0x0102). This setting causes the system to boot Cisco IOS software from a flash memory card inserted in slot 0 the next time you boot the router. See the “Configuring the Software Configuration Register” section on page 4-31 for additional information.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface You can use the method that suits your operating style and your knowledge of network configuration requirements. Whether you use the setup command facility or global configuration mode to configure the router to operate in your networking environment, be sure you know the: • Interfaces the router has. • Protocols the router is routing. • Network addresses for the protocols being configured.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface The configuration modes allow you to make changes to the running configuration file. If you save the configuration, the commands are stored and persist across router reboots. In order to access the various configuration modes, you must start from global configuration mode. From global configuration mode, you can enter interface configuration mode, subinterface configuration mode, and a variety of protocol-specific modes.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface The following example shows the change from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode. Router> enable password: Router# For information about using passwords, see the “Configuring Passwords” section on page 4-23. Global Configuration Mode Global configuration commands: • Apply to features that affect the system as a whole, rather than just one protocol or interface.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface Subinterface Configuration Mode Use subinterface configuration mode to configure multiple virtual interfaces (called subinterfaces) on a single physical interface. Subinterfaces appear to be distinct physical interfaces to the various protocols. For detailed information on how to configure subinterfaces, refer to the appropriate module for a specific protocol in the Cisco IOS software documentation.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface To use the setup command to change a configuration: 1. You must toggle through each system configuration dialog prompt until you come to the item that you intend to change. – To accept default settings for items that you do not want to change, press the Return key. – To return to the privileged EXEC prompt without making changes and toggling through each system configuration dialog prompt, press Ctrl-C.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface to configure each interface of the system. Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: Yes Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [Router]: Milo The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface line vty 0 4 password bambam no snmp server ! no ip routing ! interface Ethernet0 no shutdown ip address 172.16.72.2 255.255.255.0 ! interface POS1/0 shutdown no ip address ! interface SDCC1/0 shutdown no ip address . . . interface POS15/0 shutdown no ip address ! interface SDCC15/0 shutdown no ip address ! end [0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this script.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface For example, during the configuration of a POS interface, (using the setup facility initial router startup), the script appears as the following example as you respond to queries: Configuring interface POS1/0: Is this interface in use?: yes Configure IP on this interface?: yes In this example, the script does not display default or current parameters in square brackets [ ], because you entered the setup facility automatical
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface Configuring Host Name The host name you configure your router with must: • Follow the rules for ARPANET host names. • Start with a letter, end with a letter or digit, and have as interior characters only letters, digits, and hyphens. • Consist of 63 or fewer characters. For more information, refer to RFC 1035, “Domain Names—Implementation and Specifications.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface In either case, you cannot use a number as the first character. Spaces, however, are valid password characters. For example, two words is a valid password. Leading spaces are ignored, but trailing spaces are recognized. Note Make a note of all passwords you set and store that information in a secure location for future reference.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface The following configuration dialog example shows how to configure the system for an Ethernet interface that uses the IP network layer protocol. Note The Ethernet interface does not support external routing functions. Configuring interface Ethernet0: Is this interface in use?: yes Configure IP on this interface?: yes IP address for this interface: 3.3.1.1 Number of bits in subnet field: 8 Class A network is 3.0.0.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface The following example shows how to configure an ATM line card to use IP. Configuring interface parameters: Configuring interface ATM1/0: Is this interface in use?: yes Configure IP on this interface?: yes IP address for this interface: 1.1.1.2 Number of bits in subnet field: 0 Class A network is 1.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.0.0.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface System image file is "tftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/directory/ghall/gsr-p-mz" cisco 12410/GRP (R5000) processor (revision 0x05) with 262144K bytes of memory. R5000 CPU at 200Mhz, Implementation 35, Rev 2.1, 512KB L2 Cache Last reset from power-on 1 Route Processor Card 2 Clock Scheduler Cards 5 Switch Fabric Cards 2 OC48 POS controllers (2 POS). 1 four-port OC48 POS controller (1 POS). 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface Step 3 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode. Milo# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Milo(config)# Step 4 Enter the interface type slot/port command to enter interface configuration mode. Milo(config)# interface type slot/port Milo(config-if)# Step 5 Enter the copy running-config startup-config command to save your configuration settings.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface clock source internal ! interface POS1/1 no ip address no ip route-cache cef no ip route-cache shutdown crc 32 ! interface POS1/2 no ip address no ip route-cache cef no ip route-cache shutdown crc 32 ! interface POS1/3 no ip address no ip route-cache cef no ip route-cache shutdown crc 32 Saving the Running Configuration Settings to NVRAM The copy running-config startup-config command saves the configuration settings that you
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Cisco IOS User Interface Viewing the Running Configuration Settings You can use the show startup-config command to view the current configuration settings stored in NVRAM. The following example shows the type of information generated by this command. Milo# show startup-config Using 5560 out of 520184 bytes ! version 12.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register ! map-list atm1 ip 10.1.1.1 atm-vc ip 10.1.1.3 atm-vc ip 10.1.1.4 atm-vc ip 10.0.0.1 atm-vc ip 10.0.0.5 atm-vc ip 10.0.0.6 atm-vc no logging trap ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password bambam login ! end 1 2 4 3 10 11 Configuring the Software Configuration Register The software configuration register is a 16-bit register in NVRAM that defines specific system parameters.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register • Read boot system commands from the configuration file stored in NVRAM. Table 4-4 defines software configuration register bits. Caution To avoid confusion and possibly halting the system, remember that valid software configuration register values may be combinations of settings, rather than the individual settings listed in Table 4-4.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register The boot field (Table 4-5) defines a source for booting a default Cisco IOS software image required to run the router. The content of the boot field is specified as a binary number. Table 4-5 Note Boot Field—Software Configuration Register Boot Field Meaning at Power-On 00 The system remains at the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>), awaiting a user command to boot the system manually.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register Depending on the boot field setting, the system ignores boot instructions in the system configuration file and performs one of the following operations: • When the boot field is set to 0—You must boot the operating system manually by entering the boot command at the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>). You can enter the boot command with or without arguments.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register For example, the filename formation process may yield a range of typical filenames like the following: cisco2-grp . . . cisco17-grp The system uses one of the filenames in this range to boot a default system image stored on a network TFTP server.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register Step 3 Set the contents of the software configuration register by entering the config-register value command, where value is a hexadecimal number preceded by 0x. Milo(config)# config-register 0xvalue Note Step 4 Consult the hexadecimal column in Table 4-4 on page 4-32 for the possible settings to enter as the 4-bit value parameter. Press Ctrl-Z to exit global configuration mode.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register Low-Order Bits in the Software Configuration Register This section provides detail about of the low-order bits in the software configuration register and how they interact during the router boot process. As described in the “Setting Software Configuration Settings” section on page 4-33, the boot field setting determines the source of the Cisco IOS software image used to boot the router.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register Note If a bootable Cisco IOS software image exists in a flash memory card installed in slot 0 or slot 1, the configuration register setting is overridden, and the bootable Cisco IOS software image is booted instead of the default TFTP-bootable Cisco IOS software image (cisco2-grp through cisco17-grp or cisco2-prp through cisco17-prp).
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register High-Order Bits in the Software Configuration Register This section describes the significance of high-order bits in the software configuration register. • Bit 8 of the software configuration register controls the console Break key. – Setting bit 8 causes the system to ignore the console Break key (factory default).
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Configuring the Software Configuration Register • Bits 11 and 12 of the software configuration register determine the data transmission rate of the console terminal. Table 4-8 shows the bit settings for the four available data transmission rates. Table 4-8 System Console Terminal Data Transmission Rate Settings Bit 12 Bit 11 Data Transmission Rate (bps) 0 0 96001 0 1 4800 1 0 1200 1 1 2400 1. Default.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Recovering a Lost Password Recovering a Lost Password Use the following procedure to recover a lost password. Note This procedure does not work for password recovery if the enable password is encrypted—you must reconfigure the system before attempting a reboot (see the “Configuring the Router” section on page 4-14).
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Recovering a Lost Password enable enable enable enable enable change change “use net in IP bcast address”? y/n [n]: “load rom after netbootfails”? y/n [n]: “use all zero broadcast”? y/n [n]: “break/abort has effect?” y/n [n]: “ignore system config info?” [n]: y console baud rate? y/n [n]: boot characteristics? y/n [n] Configuration Summary enabled are: console baud: 9600 boot: image specified by the boot system command or default to: cisco2-prp do
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Recovering a Lost Password Step 7 Enter the enable command and password (if prompted). Milo> enable Password: Milo# Step 8 Enter the show startup-config command to display the enabled password in the configuration file. Milo# show startup-config . . . password bambam Step 9 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode: Milo# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CTRL-Z.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Using RP Flash Memory Cards This section describes how to use RP flash memory cards and includes information on the following topics: • Installing and Removing a Flash Memory Card, page 4-44 • Formatting a New Flash Memory Card, page 4-47 • Specifying a Cisco IOS Software Image to Boot the System, page 4-48 • Flash Memory Commands, page 4-49 • Booting from Flash Memory, page 4-52 • Copying Image Files to or Fro
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Step 3 Caution Step 4 Insert the card into the appropriate slot until the card completely seats in the connector and the ejector button pops out (see Figure 4-5b). The flash memory card is keyed for proper insertion. The ejector button does not pop out unless the card is inserted correctly. Part of the card remains outside of the slot even when the card is properly seated.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Figure 4-5 Installing and Removing a Flash Memory Card a T EC EJ -1 OT SL -0 OT SL b X AU T SE RE T EC EJ c -1 OT SL -0 OT SL T SE X AU RE T EC EJ -1 OT SL -0 OT SL T H10703 SE X AU RE Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, and Cisco 12810 Router Installation and Configuration Guide 4-46 OL-11496-01
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Formatting a New Flash Memory Card The flash memory card that shipped with your router contains the default Cisco IOS software image you need to boot your router. If you require a new flash memory card to copy images or backup configuration files, you must first format the card. Note Use only Type I or Type II flash memory cards. Use the following procedure to format a new flash memory card.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Specifying a Cisco IOS Software Image to Boot the System Use the procedure in this section to identify a specific Cisco IOS software image (new.image in this example) that you want to make bootable from a flash memory card. The software configuration register must be set to 0x2102 to boot the image from the flash memory card.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Flash Memory Commands This section describes console commands that you can use to access the different types of flash memories. Enter these commands from the privileged EXEC mode prompt. pwd Command To determine whether the present device you are accessing is the onboard flash SIMM on the RP or a PCMCIA flash memory card, use the pwd command. This example shows how to access a flash memory card in slot 0 of the RP.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards dir Command To list the directory contents of the flash memory in use, enter the dir [device-name] command. Where device-name can be slot0:, slot1:, or bootflash:. The following example shows the contents of the flash memory card in slot 0.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards squeeze Command The squeeze command permanently removes deleted files from flash memory and makes all other (undeleted) files contiguous to conserve storage space. To permanently remove deleted files from a flash memory directory, but leave the other files intact, enter the squeeze device-name command. • Where device-name can be slot0:, slot1:, or bootflash:.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Booting from Flash Memory To boot from flash memory, the boot field in the software configuration register (bits 3 through 0) must be set to a value between 2 and 15 (see the “Configuring the Software Configuration Register” section on page 4-31). Use the following command to enable booting from flash memory.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Use the following command to copy a file to flash memory. Milo# copy tftp:filename [bootflash:|slot0:|slot1:] filename Where: • tftp:filename specifies the source and name of the file to be copied. • [bootflash: | slot0: | slot1:] filename specifies the destination flash device and name of the file.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC Milo# In this example: • The exclamation points (!!!) appear as the source file is being downloaded to the destination device. • The C characters indicate that a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is being calculated during the downloading process.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Use the following procedure to copy a bootable image into the flash memory card: Step 1 Boot the router. Step 2 Enter the enable command and password (if prompted). Milo> enable Password: Milo# Step 3 Enter the copy command to copy the file (new.image in this example) from the server to the flash memory card in slot 0. Milo# copy tftp:new.image slot0:new.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Copying Cisco IOS Software Images Between Flash Memory Cards This procedure describes how to copy a later Cisco IOS software image from one flash memory card to another flash memory card containing an earlier Cisco IOS software image. In this example, the following filenames apply: • image.new—The new image on the flash memory card located in slot 1. • image.old—The old image on the flash memory card in slot 0.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Step 3 Enter the following commands to designate the file named image.new in the memory card in slot 0 as the new default system image for boot purposes: Milo# configure terminal Milo(config)# no boot system Milo(config)# boot system flash slot0:image.new Ctrl-Z Milo# copy running-config startup-config Milo# reload When the system reloads, it boots the image.new file from the memory card in slot 0.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Copying the Startup Configuration File from NVRAM to a Flash Memory Card Use the following procedure to copy a configuration file from NVRAM to a flash memory card. Step 1 Enter the show bootvar command to display the current setting for the environmental CONFIG_FILE variable. The environmental CONFIG_FILE variable must point to NVRAM (system default). Note Milo# show bootvar . . .
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Milo# copy startup-config slot0:myfile2 20575008 bytes available on device slot0, proceed? [confirm] Address or name of remote host [1.1.1.1]? Loading new.image from 1.1.1.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Copying the Running Configuration File from DRAM to a Flash Memory Card Use the following procedure to copy the running configuration file from DRAM on the RP to a flash memory card. Step 1 Enter the copy command in the following form: copy running-config [slot0:|slot1:]filename Where: • running-config is the source configuration file in DRAM.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Step 2 Enter the dir command to further verify that the configuration file is copied correctly to the memory card in slot 0: Milo# dir slot0: -#- -length- -----date/time-----1 5200084 May 10 1997 19:24:12 3 1215 May 10 1997 20:30:52 4 6176844 May 10 1997 23:04:10 5 1186 May 10 1997 16:56:50 name gsr-p-mz.112-8 myfile1 gsr-p-mz.112-8.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Using RP Flash Memory Cards Booting a New Cisco IOS Software Image from a Flash Memory Card Use the following procedure to boot a new image from a flash memory card in slot 0 or slot 1 (this example uses slot 0). Step 1 Insert the flash memory card with the new image in slot 0. Step 2 Enter the following commands to designate the file named image.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Post-Installation Procedures Post-Installation Procedures After you install the router hardware, check all external connections, turn on the system power, allow the system to boot up, and minimally configure the system, you may need to perform additional configuration tasks. The Cisco IOS software running your router contains extensive features and functionality.
Chapter 4 System Startup and Basic System Configuration Post-Installation Procedures Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, and Cisco 12810 Router Installation and Configuration Guide 4-64 OL-11496-01