StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Fourth Edition (June 1999) Part Number 241377-004 Compaq Computer Corporation
Notice The information in this publication is subject to change without notice. COMPAQ COMPUTER CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OR EDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN, NOR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MATERIAL.
Contents About This Guide Text Conventions.........................................................................................................ix Symbols in Text ............................................................................................................x Symbols on Equipment.................................................................................................x Rack Stability.....................................................................................................
iv Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Chapter 2 Installation Materials Needed .......................................................................................................2-1 Installing the Compaq StorageWorks........................................................................2-3 RAID Array 4000 ......................................................................................................2-3 Choosing a Location for an RA4000 Tower .........................................
About This Guide v Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Interpreting Component LEDs ................................................................................. 4-1 Hard Drive LEDs............................................................................................... 4-2 Fibre Host Adapter LEDs .................................................................................. 4-3 RA4000 Controller LEDs..................................................................................
vi Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Running the Array Configuration Utility continued Array Configuration Utility Screens........................................................................6-21 Main Configuration Screen ..............................................................................6-21 Controller Settings Screen................................................................................6-26 Create Array Screen .........................................................
About This Guide vii Appendix C Specifications RA4000 (Tower).......................................................................................................C-1 RA4000 (Rack-mountable).......................................................................................C-2 Appendix D Fibre Channel Technology Fibre Channel Standards...........................................................................................D-1 Advantages of Fibre Channel ............................................
viii Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Appendix F Recovering From Hard Drive Failure Recognizing a Drive Failure..................................................................................... F-1 Fault Tolerance and Drive Failure............................................................................ F-2 Non-Fault-Tolerant (RAID 0) Logical Drive.................................................... F-2 RAID 1 (Mirroring) Logical Drive ..................................................
About This Guide This guide is designed to be used as step-by-step instructions for installation and as a reference for operation, troubleshooting, and future upgrades. Text Conventions This document uses the following conventions to distinguish elements of text: Keys Keys appear in boldface. A plus sign (+) between two keys indicates that they should be pressed simultaneously. USER INPUT User input appears in a different typeface and in uppercase. FILENAMES File names appear in uppercase italics.
x Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Symbols in Text These symbols may be found in the text of this guide. They have the following meanings. Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions in the warning could result in bodily harm or loss of life. WARNING: Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions could result in damage to equipment or loss of information.
About This Guide xi Any surface or area of the equipment marked with these symbols indicates the presence of a hot surface or hot component. If this surface is contacted, the potential for injury exists. To reduce the risk of injury from a hot component, allow the surface to cool before touching. WARNING: Power Supplies or Systems marked with these symbols indicate the equipment is supplied by multiple sources of power.
xii Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide In North America, call the Compaq Technical Phone Support Center at 1 1-800-OK-COMPAQ . This service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Outside North America, call the nearest Compaq Technical Support Phone Center. Telephone numbers for world wide Technical Support Centers are listed on the Compaq website. Access the Compaq website by logging on to the Internet: http://www.compaq.
Chapter Introduction The Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 is a high-performance, external system using various Fibre Channel devices and the Fibre Channel I/O Standard to connect servers to external storage systems.
1-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide n Wide-Ultra SCSI-3, Fast-Wide SCSI, or Fast SCSI-2 hard drive support n Redundant Hot-pluggable Power Supply (optional) The Compaq StorageWorks RA4000 comes in either a rack-mountable or a tower model, as shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2. TROJ001.EPS Figure 1-1. Compaq StorageWorks RA4000 (tower model) TROJ002.EPS Figure 1-2.
Introduction Features Table 1-1 RA4000 Features Features Form Factors Models Controller Maximum Number of Drives Description Tower 19-inch rack Tower Rack-mountable RAID 0, 1, 4, and 5 64-MB Read/Write Cache 12 (1-inch) 8 (1.
1-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Front Panel Features Figure 1-3 shows the front panel controls accessible to the user. The rack-mountable model has the LEDs and power switch, but does not have a plastic door. 1 2 3 Figure 1-3.
Introduction Rear Panel Features Figure 1-4 shows the features and accessible components on the rear panel. 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 1-4.
1-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Hot-Pluggability Hot-pluggability refers to the ability to remove and replace components without powering down the system. There are four components in the Compaq RA4000 that are considered hot-pluggable: Hard Drives—Failed hot-pluggable drives in fault-tolerant configurations RAID 1, 4, and 5 can be replaced without interrupting system operation. The data on the failed drive will be restored automatically on the replacement drive online.
Introduction Hot-Pluggable Drives The Compaq RA4000 supports these Compaq hot-pluggable drives: n 1.6-inch Fast SCSI-2 n 1.6-inch Fast-Wide SCSI-2 n 1.6-inch Wide-Ultra SCSI-3 n 1-inch Fast SCSI-2 n 1-inch Fast-Wide SCSI-2 n 1-inch Wide-Ultra SCSI-3 The RA4000 accepts both 1-inch and 1.6-inch standard height drives. The drives must be mounted on Compaq hot-pluggable drive trays. SCSI IDs are assigned automatically according to the drive location, allowing 1-inch and 1.
1-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide SCSI ID Assignments Each device on a SCSI bus must have a unique identification number in the range of 0 to 6. The SCSI ID determines the device priority when attempting to use the SCSI bus. The highest priority, SCSI ID 7, is reserved for the controller. SCSI IDs are assigned automatically in the storage system according to the drive bay used for each drive. It is not necessary to assign SCSI IDs manually.
Introduction Compaq StorageWorks RA4000 Controller The RA4000 Controller is a drive array controller designed for installation in the RA4000. The RA4000 Controller supports Wide-Ultra SCSI-3, Fast-Wide SCSI-2, and Fast SCSI-2. The RA4000 is equipped with one installed RA4000 Controller.
1-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Hard Drive Arrays Drive array technology distributes data across a series of hard drives to unite these physical drives into one or more higher performance logical drives. Distributing the data makes it possible to access it concurrently from multiple drives in the array, yielding faster I/O rates than nonarrayed drives. Each logical drive in the array can be set to a different fault-tolerant configuration.
Introduction Capacity Expansion Capacity Expansion refers to the ability to add storage capacity to an existing array by adding hard drives. The Array Configuration Utility lets you perform Capacity Expansion, even in fault-tolerant configurations, without requiring a data backup and restore cycle. If you are using Microsoft Windows NT or Novell NetWare operating systems, the storage expansion can also be performed online, without leaving the server operating system.
1-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide The rechargeable batteries on a new RA4000 Controller can be discharged when the board is first installed. During power up with discharged Array Accelerator batteries, the Array Accelerator is disabled. This is not a problem that requires user action on your part. The Array Accelerator is automatically enabled when the batteries are charged to 90% of their capacity.
Introduction System Power System power in the Compaq RA4000 does not shut off completely with the power switch. The two positions of the front panel power switch should be considered as ON and STANDBY, rather than ON and OFF. The STANDBY position removes power from most of the electronics and the drives, but portions of the power supply and some internal circuitry remain active. Consequently, to remove all power from the system, you must disconnect the power cord from the storage system.
Chapter Installation This chapter provides information about the installation and configuration of the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000. Because of the similarities between the tower and the rack-mountable models of the RA4000, most of this information applies to both models. Therefore, to avoid repetition, these instructions will be directed generally to the tower model of the storage system. Where the differences are important, specific instructions are given for each model.
2-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide ■ Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Host Adapter/P or Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Host Adapter/E ■ Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Storage Hub 7 or 12 and mounting hardware (if required) ■ GigaBit Interface Converter (GBIC) modules (Two GBICs are required for each Fibre Channel cable installed.
Installation Installing the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 To install the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000, you will need to: 1. Choose a location. 2. Install the RA4000 in the rack (rack model only) or in the location chosen for the tower model. 3. Install the hot-pluggable drive(s). 4. Install the Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Storage Hub. Refer to the documentation supplied with this device for details on installation and rack mounting. 5.
2-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Choosing a Location for an RA4000 Tower Choose an installation location with the following features: ■ A sturdy, level surface—preferably on or near the floor ■ At least 8 inches (20 cm) of clearance at the front of the storage system for access to the hot-pluggable drives ■ At least 12 inches (30.
Installation Installing the Rack-Mountable RA4000 Before beginning these procedures, make sure you understand the following warnings and caution: To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment, be sure that: WARNING: ■ The leveling jacks are extended to the floor. ■ The full weight of the rack rests on the leveling jacks. ■ The stabilizing feet are attached to the rack, if it is a single rack installation. ■ The racks are coupled in multiple rack installations.
2-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Environment When installing your Compaq RA4000 in a rack, certain temperature standards and power requirements must be met. Space Requirements The following requirements must be considered when deciding where to install your rack: ■ Clearance in the front of the rack should be a minimum of 25 inches for the front door to open all the way and for adequate airflow.
Installation Grounding For proper operation and safety, this equipment is required to be grounded properly in accordance with NFPA 70-1993, Article 250. All power distribution devices, branch wiring, and receptacles must be listed grounding type devices. Due to the higher ground leakage currents associated with the equipment, Compaq recommends the use of a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) that provides a supplementary ground conductor.
2-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Temperature Requirements To ensure continued safe and reliable operation of the equipment, locate the system in a well-ventilated, climate-controlled environment. The Compaq Maximum Recommended Ambient Operating Temperature (TMRA) for most products is 35°C (95°F). Therefore, the temperature in the room where the rack is located should not exceed 35°C (95°F).
Installation Airflow Requirements The Rack-Mountable Compaq RA4000 draws cool air in through the front door and exhausts warm air out through the rear of the server. Therefore, the front door of the rack must be adequately ventilated to allow ambient room air to enter the cabinet, and the rear door must be adequately ventilated to allow the warm air to escape from the cabinet. Do not block the ventilation apertures.
2-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Installation Installing the Rack-Mountable RA4000 To install the rack-mountable RA4000 in a 19-inch rack, you must perform these steps. 1. Remove any blank panels from the chosen rack location. 2. Use the supplied template to mark the location of the mounting hardware on the vertical mounting rails of the rack cabinet. One side of the template is used for the front rails of the rack and the other side for the rear rails.
Installation 6. Use the reverse side of the template to mark the equivalent mounting holes (marked C) on the rear mounting rails of the rack cabinet. To reduce the risk of injury or damage to the equipment, the mounting brackets must be level. If the brackets are not level, the RackMountable RA4000 cannot be installed correctly. CAUTION: 7. Use the tick-marks as a reference for determining the correct mounting position.
2-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 10. Identify the front of the right and left mounting brackets. The tabs help align the bracket for correct mounting position. TROJ026.eps Figure 2-3. Mounting brackets with alignment tabs 11. Attach the brackets to the front mounting rails with the two screws provided. Tighten the screws securely. TROJ034.eps Figure 2-4.
Installation 12. Attach the brackets to the rear mounting rails with the two screws provided. Tighten the screws securely. Rail Top View TROJ035.eps Figure 2-5. Attaching the brackets to the rear mounting rails 13. Place the Rack-Mountable RA4000 on the mounting brackets and slide it fully into the rack. TROJ038.EPS Figure 2-6. Installing a Rack-Mountable RA4000 into the rack 14. Secure the RA4000 in the rack with the two thumbscrews in the corners of the front panel.
2-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Installing the Hot-Pluggable Hard Drives To install the Hot-Pluggable drives into the RA4000: 1. Open the front door of the RA4000 (tower only). 2. Choose the bay location (SCSI ID) of the drive. 3. Refer to the markings on storage system front panel to find the correct location of the drive tray. Markings for 1.6-inch drives are on the left (top in rack systems), while 1-inch drives are on the right (bottom). The 1-inch and 1.
Installation 5. Slide the drive into the bay as far as it will go. Make sure the ejector levers are in the fully open position to ensure a correct latch while installing. Figure 2-8. Sliding the drive tray into the RA4000 6. Close both latches against the front of the drive until they snap into place 1 Levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip of the bay, drawing the drive into position and securing it in place 2. 1 2 Figure 2-9.
2-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Installing the Storage Hub The StorageWorks RAID 4000 supports the Storage Hub 7 or the Storage Hub 12. Installing the Storage Hub 7 The Storage Hub 7 provides a central point of connectivity for the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop and should be mounted in a convenient location. To install the Storage Hub 7: 1. Find a convenient location in the rack or at another location.
Installation Installing the Storage Hub 12 The Storage Hub 12 provides a central point of connectivity for the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop and should be mounted in a convenient location. To install the Storage Hub 12: 1. Find a convenient location in the rack or at another location. For more information on mounting the Storage Hub in a rack, refer to the documentation that came with the device. 2. Install a GigaBit Interface Converter (GBIC) module in each Storage Hub 12 receptacle to be used.
2-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 2. Refer to the Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Host Bus Adapter Installation Guide for installation instructions specific to the Fibre Host Adapter. Hardware, operating system, and device driver installation instructions are included in the installation guide. Fibre Channel Cables Single-Mode Fibre Channel Cable Single-mode Fibre Channel cables are not provided. A list of Fibre Channel cable suppliers can be found at the Compaq website: www.compaq.
Installation GBIC Option Kit Two types of GBIC option kits are available. The option kits: ■ Shortwave option kit #234459-B21 for distances of 2-500 meters ■ Longwave option kit #340412-021 for distances of 2-10,000 meters The longwave kit includes an 0 meter, single mode cable for pre-deployment system verification. NOTE: Figure 2-12.
2-20 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide To customize your system with multi-mode Fibre Channel cable at distances of 15 meters to 500 meters, contact an independent Fibre Channel cable supplier. If you are using an existing 62.5-micron cable, you must obtain a 62.5-micron jumper from an independent source. A 50-micron cable cannot be spliced with a 62.5-micron cable. Cable Installation Considerations Cabling requirements vary, depending on the system configuration.
Installation Figure 2-13. Cable management using cable ties Tower System Be sure to route the power and Fibre Channel cables so that access to the power supply and Fan Assembly is not obstructed. Support the Fibre Channel cable so that a bend radius at the cable connector is not less than 3 inches. TROJ008.EPS Figure 2-14.
2-22 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Connecting the Power After all hardware components are installed and the unit is in place, the power can be connected. 1. Plug the AC power cord into the RA4000. The power supply automatically senses the input voltage. It is not necessary to select the correct main voltage. TROJ011.EPS Figure 2-15. Connecting the power cord WARNING: To reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to the equipment: ■ Do not disable the power cord grounding plug.
Chapter Operation This section describes the operational features of the Compaq StorageWorks RAID 4000. Applying Power Before applying power to the RA4000, all components of the storage system must be installed and connected to the Storage Hub. Hard drives should be installed in the RA4000 so that they can be identified and configured at power up. The StorageWorks RAID 4000 components must be powered up in the following order: 1. Storage Hub(s)—Power is applied when the AC power cord is plugged in. 2.
3-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Front Panel The front panel LEDs are found on the RA4000. TROJ017.EPS 2 1 Figure 3-1. Front panel LEDs Table 3-1 Front Panel LEDs Number 1 2 LED Condition Power Green System power ON Off System in STANDBY or system power has been removed Amber Fault detected in one or more sub-systems Off No faults detected Fault Meaning The system power in the RA4000 does not shut off completely with the power switch.
Operation Power Supply The LEDs shown in Figure 3-2 apply only to the power supply on which they are located. 1 2 2 1 Figure 3-2. Power supply LEDs Table 3-2 Power Supply LEDs Number 1 LED Condition Meaning Status Amber Fault detected in this power supply. Amber flashing Failed self-test. Green/Amber alternating Power supply failed to restart after a prolonged fault. -ORPower supply is not installed correctly. Check for damaged connector pins and reinstall.
3-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Table 3-2 Power Supply LEDs Number 2 continued LED AC Power Condition Meaning Green No fault detected in this power supply. Green AC power is connected to this power supply. Off No AC power is connected to this supply.
Operation Fan Assembly The fan assembly LED applies only to that module. Figure 3-3. Fan Assembly LED Table 3-3 Fan Assembly LED LED Condition Status Green Fans running normally. Amber Fault detected in one or more fans. Off Meaning No power connected to fan array module.
3-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Hard Drives The hard drive LEDs apply to the hard drive on which they are located. Figure 3-4. Hard drive LEDs Table 3-4 Hard Drive LEDs LED Online Condition Meaning Green Drive is configured and recognized by the controller. Flashing Volume reconstruction or expansion is in progress. DO NOT REMOVE THE DRIVE Drive Access Drive Failure Off Drive is inactive. Green Drive is being accessed by the controller.
Chapter Troubleshooting This chapter contains troubleshooting procedures and suggestions that should be followed to diagnose problems quickly and to minimize their impact on the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 operation. Interpreting Component LEDs If the fault LED on the front panel of the RA4000 is amber, or if Compaq Insight Manager indicates a fault, determine the reason for this alert immediately. Examine the component LEDs to see if any indicates a fault.
4-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Hard Drive LEDs CAUTION: Failure to observe the instructions in this section can result in loss of data. Look for an amber Drive Failure LED on any hot-pluggable drive tray. Figure 4-1. Drive Failure LED If any Drive Failure LED is amber, replace that drive as soon as possible. See “Replacing Components” later in this chapter for important information on when it is safe to replace drives.
Troubleshooting Fibre Host Adapter LEDs The Fibre Host Adapter has two status LEDs. The Transmit LED 1 indicates that the Fibre Host Adapter is transmitting data over the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL). The Receive LED 2 indicates that the Fibre Host Adapter is receiving data. 1 2 Figure 4-2. Fibre Host Adapter/P LEDs 2 1 Figure 4-3.
4-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide RA4000 Controller LEDs During normal runtime, the RA4000 Controller has 18 LEDs that indicate activity or malfunction of the controller. They are the Transmit LED 1, the Receive LED 2, and sixteen status LEDs labeled 0-15. Table 4-1 describes the purpose and function of each LED. 1 1514 1312 1110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 Figure 4-4.
Troubleshooting Table 4-1 RA4000 Controller LED Descriptions LED 9 continued Function Active/Standby Description ON=Controller is active OFF=Controller is in standby 10 WCXC active ON = Cache transfers are active 11 Logical I/O active ON = Currently processing logical requests from the Host Adapter 12 SCSI Bus 0 active ON = Indicates requests are outstanding on the first SCSI bus 13 SCSI Bus 1 active ON = Indicates requests are outstanding on the second SCSI bus 14 Cache Activity/Error
4-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Fibre Channel Storage Hub LEDs Storage Hub 7 The Fibre Channel Storage Hub 7 has two rows of LEDs. The top green LED is lit when a GBIC is installed correctly in the receptacle. Figure 4-5. GBIC-Installed LED on the Storage Hub 7 The bottom row of amber LEDs indicates when a specific port of the storage hub is in bypass mode. When a GBIC is installed correctly and the port is not in the bypass mode (normal), the LED is not lit. Figure 4-6.
Troubleshooting Storage Hub 12 When power is applied, all LEDs will turn on during the self test, which lasts 15 to 60 seconds. After the power self test, the Power LED 1 stays lit and the Fault LED 2 turns off. 2 1 Figure 4-7. Power and Fault LEDs on the Storage Hub 12 The GBIC-Installed LEDs are the upper green LEDs associated with each GBIC receptacle. When a GBIC module is installed correctly, the corresponding green LED turns on. Figure 4-8.
4-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide The lower amber LED is the Bypass Port LED, which indicates that the associated port is in bypass mode. Ports that do not detect valid FC-AL links are placed in bypass mode by the hub. The amber LED is turned on for each port in the bypass mode. Figure 4-9.
Troubleshooting Fan Assembly Failure to follow the instructions in this section can result in component damage. CAUTION: If the fan assembly LED is amber, the fan assembly must be replaced as soon as possible. Figure 4-10. Fan Assembly LED See “Replacing Components” later in this chapter for important information on how to replace this module. Do not allow the RA4000 to operate for more than five minutes without a working Fan Assembly in place.
4-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Power Supply CAUTION: Failure to follow the instructions in this section can result in loss of data. If the power 1 and status 2 LEDs are both OFF on one supply of a redundant power supply system, check the AC power source to the supply. Redundant operation is not assured until power is returned to the device. Verify that the status LED 2 on the standard or redundant power supply (if present) is amber. 1 2 Figure 4-11.
Troubleshooting Replacing Components It is important to follow these instructions when replacing components in the RA4000. If the procedure is done improperly, it is possible to lose data or damage equipment. CAUTION: To take advantage of all features, check the Compaq website (www.compaq.com) to make sure you have the latest firmware update. IMPORTANT: Replacing the RA4000 Controller without RA4000 Redundant Controller When an RA4000 Controller fails in an online active: 1.
4-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 7. Remove the RA4000 Controller by pulling it straight out of the chassis 3. 1 1 2 3 Figure 4-13. Removing the RA4000 Controller 8. Install the replacement RA4000 Controller by inserting it into the tracks in the rear panel opening. 9. Push the controller in as far as it will go 1 and close both latches against the rear panel 2. The levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip, drawing the board into position and securing it into place.
Troubleshooting 13. Power up the servers attached to the RA4000. The fault LED on the front panel of the RA4000 should now be green, indicating a fully functioning system. Replacing the RA4000 Controller with Redundant Controller 1. Remove the Fibre Channel cable 1 attached to the GBIC in the failed RA4000 Controller. 2. Squeeze the tabs on either side of the GBIC 2, then remove the GBIC by pulling it straight out of the RA4000 Controller 3. 2 3 1 2 Figure 4-15.
4-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 4. Remove the RA4000 Controller by pulling it straight out of the chassis 3. 1 1 2 3 Figure 4-16. Removing the RA4000 Controller 5. Install the replacement RA4000 Controller by inserting it into the tracks in the rear panel opening. 6. Push the controller in as far as it will go 1 and close both latches against the rear panel 2. The levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip, drawing the board into position and securing it into place.
Troubleshooting Replacing the RA4000 Controller Cache Replacing the RA4000 Controller cache with the same size cache does not require that you power down the system. If the cache is upgraded, or a different RA4000 Controller is to be reinstalled in the system, you must power down the system. IMPORTANT: 1. If you will be upgrading the cache or reinstalling a different RA4000 Controller, power down the servers attached to the RA4000, then power down the RA4000. 2.
4-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 5. Twist the latch that is holding the daughterboard to the RA4000 Controller 90 degrees to allow the standoff to pull through the controller board 1. 6. Carefully pull the daughterboard away from the controller board 2, unplugging the signal connectors. 2 1 Figure 4-19. Removing the daughterboard 7. Align the connectors of the new daughterboard with the controller board; plug the daughterboard onto the RA4000 Controller 1.
Troubleshooting 1 2 Figure 4-20. Installing the daughterboard 9. With the daughterboard installed, push the RA4000 Controller in as far as it will go 1. 10. Close both latches against the rear panel 2. The levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip, drawing the board into place and securing it. 2 1 2 Figure 4-21. Replacing the RA4000 Controller 11. Replace the GBIC and reconnect the Fibre Channel cable. 12.
4-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Replacing GBICs If a GBIC fails, follow this procedure to replace the failed GBIC. It is not necessary to power down the system. 1. Remove the Fibre Channel cable from the back of the failed GBIC. Replace the protective covers on the cable 1. 2. Insert the dust plug covers into the GBIC module. 3. Squeeze the tabs on either side of the module 2 or, if equipped with a locking mechanism, flip the bail to the unlocked position. 4.
Troubleshooting Removing Fibre Channel Cables If a Fibre Channel cable fails, follow this procedure to replace the failed cable. It is not necessary to power down the system. 1. Remove the failed Fibre Channel cable from the GBICs at both ends. If a replacement cable cannot be connected to the GBICs immediately, insert dust plug covers into the GBICs to protect them from contamination. 2. Remove the protectors from the replacement Fibre Channel cable. 3. Insert the cable connectors into the GBIC modules.
4-20 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Single Power Supply Systems 1. Unplug the power cord for the failed power supply. 2. Press the latch on the power supply handle 1 and pivot the handle open 2 to release the power supply. Pull the power supply away from the chassis 3. 1 2 3 Figure 4-23.
Troubleshooting 3. With the handle fully open, insert the replacement power supply into the opening and slide it in along the rails as far as it will go 1. 4. Pivot the handle closed until it snaps into place 2. This secures the power supply in the chassis. 2 1 TROJ022.EPS Figure 4-24. Installing the power supply 5. Plug in the power supply power cord.
4-22 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Do not operate the RA4000 for extended periods of time with either power supply location open. Internal cooling air flow will be disrupted without a power supply or blank cover installed in both locations. This could cause overheating of internal components and possible data loss. In Redundant Power Supply systems, retain the blank power supply cover for reuse in case it is necessary to remove one of the supplies. CAUTION: 3.
Troubleshooting 1. Loosen the two thumbscrews 1 securing the Fan Assembly to the chassis. 2. Remove the Fan Assembly by pulling it straight out of the chassis 2. 1 2 Figure 4-25. Removing the Fan Assembly 3. Install the replacement Fan Assembly by sliding it into the opening along the tracks as far as it will go 1, making sure that the connectors mate. 4. Secure the Fan Assembly in place by tightening the two thumbscrews 2. 2 1 Figure 4-26.
4-24 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide The three fans should start turning immediately. The status LED on the Fan Assembly and the fault LED on the front panel will turn green after a few seconds, indicating a fully functioning Fan Assembly. Replacing Hard Drives If you must replace a hot-pluggable drive, it is important that you follow the guidelines in this section. Failure to do so could result in data loss and could void your warranty.
Troubleshooting Drive Indicators troj016.EPS OK to remove drive if not part of fault-tolerant configuration OK to remove failed drive DO NOT remove drive DO NOT remove drive DO NOT remove drive DO NOT remove drive OFF ON Online Drive Access Figure 4-27.
4-26 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide To replace a drive: Be sure that the Online and Drive Access LEDs are both OFF. See Figure 4-10. 1. Squeeze the latches on the hard drive 1. 2. Pivot the ejector levers to the full open position 2. 1 1 2 2 1 1 Figure 4-28. Opening the drive tray latches 3. Pull the drive out of the storage system drive cage. 4.
Troubleshooting 5. Close both latches against the front of the drive until they snap into place 1. Levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip at the front of the bay 2, drawing the drive into position and securing it in place. 1 1 2 Figure 4-30. Latching the drive into place The drive tray LEDs light one at a time and then turn off together to indicate that the system has recognized the new drive.
Chapter Installing the Redundant Power Supply Option The Redundant Power Supply option provides a second power supply to supplement the standard supply so that one is always online. Preparing the RA4000 Because this is a hot-pluggable option, it is not necessary to power down the RA4000. However, be sure to observe these precautions.
5-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Be careful when working around the power and Fibre Channel cables on the back of a working RA4000. Accidentally disconnecting a cable could cause loss of data. CAUTION: Do not operate the RA4000 for extended periods of time with either power supply location open. Internal cooling air flow will be disrupted without a power supply or blanking panel installed in both locations. This could cause overheating of internal components and possible data loss.
Installing the Redundant Power Supply Option 3. Align the power supply with the rail in its opening and push the supply in as far as it will go 1. 4. Pivot the handle closed until it latches into place 2. This secures the supply in the chassis. 2 1 Figure 5-2. Installing the redundant power supply WARNING: To reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to the equipment: ■ Do not disable the power cord grounding plug. The grounding plug is an important safety feature.
Chapter Running the Array Configuration Utility This chapter provides instructions for using the Compaq Array Configuration Utility (ACU) and describes methods for configuring your controller quickly and easily. The Array Configuration Utility is located on the SmartStart and Support Software CD. The utility uses a graphic interface to help you configure the RA4000.
6-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide ■ Error and Warning Messages ■ NetWare Online Array Configuration Utility The Array Configuration Utility: ■ Uses easy-to-understand graphics to illustrate controller configuration ■ Describes various configuration errors ■ Uses wizards that guide you through the configuration process ■ Suggests optimal configuration and fault tolerance for unconfigured controllers Before You Begin During a first-time installation and configuration of the RA4
Running the Array Configuration Utility Accessing Online If the server you are configuring is running Windows NT, you can install and run the Array Configuration Utility online. When the Compaq Software Support Diskette for Microsoft Windows NT (NT SSD) is installed, the diskette prompts you to insert the Array Configuration Utility diskette to install the utility. A program icon is created automatically. Select the icon to run the Array Configuration Utility.
6-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Configuration Wizards When the Array Configuration Utility is started, the software checks the configuration of the RA4000 and its drive arrays. If the arrays are unconfigured or if the configuration is less than optimal, the configuration wizard guides you through the configuration process.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Configuration Procedures If you are configuring a new array, the configuration wizard leads you through the process. You can, however, bypass the wizard and manually: ■ Create a new array ■ Expand the capacity of an array ■ Extend the capacity of a logical drive ■ Perform online stripe size migration ■ Perform online RAID level migration Use the procedures in the following sections to configure your array manually.
6-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 2. Select one of the listed controllers. Figure 6-1. Controller Selection list 3. Click the Controller Settings button shown in the following figure. Figure 6-2.
Running the Array Configuration Utility The controller setting screen displays, as shown in Figure 6-3. 4. Select the correct operating system on the Controller Settings screen. Figure 6-3.
6-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Step 2: Grouping physical drives of the same size into an array 1. Click the Create Array button. The Create Drive Array screen appears. Figure 6-4. Create Drive Array screen Always group physical drives of the same size. If you mix drive sizes, the capacity of the larger drives is wasted. NOTE: Select the three drives you want to make up the array from the drives on the left.
Running the Array Configuration Utility 3. Select the drive at Port 1:SCSI ID 3 and click the Assign Spare to Array button update as advised. The Create Array screen should look similar to the following figure. Figure 6-5. Example Array A The same spare drive can be assigned to multiple arrays. However, spare drives should have the same or greater capacity as the drives in the array.
6-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 4. Click the Done button to return to the Main Configuration screen. The Logical Configuration View area should look similar to the following figure. Figure 6-6. Example Array - Logical Configuration View with one Array 5. Select the controller, then click the Create Array button to create Array B. 6. Assign both 9.1-GB drives to the array, then click the Done button. In this example, each array was created using drives from the same SCSI Port.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Step 3: Creating Logical Drives When creating a logical drive, you can select a fault-tolerance (RAID level) option and provide information regarding the drive size, array accelerator, and stripe size. 1. Select Array A or the Unused Space icon under Array A in the Logical Configuration View. 2. Click the Create Logical Drive button. A screen similar to the following figure is displayed. Figure 6-7. Create Logical Drive screen 3.
6-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 6. The Logical Drive Size area includes a graphical representation of the storage capacity available. To create a single logical drive across this array, accept the default values. See the section titled “Creating Logical Drive Screen” for a detailed description. 7. Click the Done button. 8. Click Array B or the Unused Space icon under Array B in the Logical Configuration View. 9.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Capacity Expansion Capacity expansion involves adding storage capacity to an array that has already been configured. If an existing array is nearly full of data, you can expand the capacity without disturbing the existing data. The RA4000 capacity expansion feature allows new physical drives to be added to the array. When the Array Configuration Utility runs, the program checks the drive hardware and configuration.
6-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Expanding Array Capacity Example For this example, assume a configuration similar to the previous one, except that the fourth 4.3-GB drive was added later (where Array A does not have a spare). Expand Array A to include the fourth drive. This scenario is represented in the following figure with a single 4.3-GB drive unassigned. Figure 6-9.
Running the Array Configuration Utility 5. Click the Next button at the bottom of the screen. A screen similar to the following figure is displayed. Figure 6-10. Expansion wizards - Logical Drive screen 6. Click the Create Logical Drive button. 7. Set the fault tolerance, array accelerator, stripe size, and size for Logical Drive 2. 8. Click the Done button.
6-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 9. At the main screen, select Controller, Save Configuration from the menu bar. This saves the new settings for Logical Drive 2 and starts the capacity expansion process. In case of power loss, capacity expansion process information is temporarily stored in the Array Accelerator memory. To prevent the loss of data in the expanding logical drive, do not interchange RA4000 controllers or Array Accelerator boards during a capacity expansion process.
Running the Array Configuration Utility If your operating system is not listed, check your operating system documentation or contact your operating system vendor before extending logical drives. Extending Logical Drives Procedure To extend the capacity of a logical drive: 1. Click the logical drive that you want to extend. 2. Click the Drive menu. 3. Select Extend Logical Drive. The Extend Logical Drive screen displays the current capacity and RAID overhead of the selected logical drive (Figure 6-11).
6-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Make the extended space of the logical drive available for use by your operating system by one of the following methods: ■ Create a new partition in the extended space of the logical drive by using the operating system partitioning software. or ■ Increase the size of existing partitions in the extended logical drive by using the operating system partitioning software or using third-party partitioning tools.
Running the Array Configuration Utility 3. Click the Migrate RAID/Stripe Size option button. A screen similar to the following is displayed. Figure 6-12. RAID/Stripe Size screen 4. Click the (RAID 5) Distributed Data Guarding option button. 5. The stripe size can be left at the default for the selected RAID level or set to another value. In this example, 16 KB is selected. 6. Click Done.
6-20 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Redundant Controllers Redundant pairs of Raid Array 4000 Controllers are marked with a special icon and label in the Array Configuration Utility. Figure 6-13 shows a redundant pair of RA4000 Controllers in the Main Configuration Screen. Select the controller and click the More Information button to see the configuration details of the redundant pair. Figure 6-13.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Array Configuration Utility Screens Main Configuration Screen The main configuration screen is the first screen that displays after the configuration wizard finishes. Some areas are highlighted and some appear gray. You cannot select gray areas until you select an item in the Configuration View box providing that option. Figure 6-14.
6-22 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Main Configuration Screen Contents The menu bar contains the following pull-down menus: ■ Controller—Use to select a controller, save a configuration, create an array, and exit the program. ■ Array—Use to delete, modify, or expand the capacity of an array, and to create logical drives and view array information. ■ Drive—Use to delete or modify logical drives and view drive information.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Figure 6-16. View Configuration list For each controller, the drive arrays, logical drives, and physical drives configured for that controller are listed. Use the Drive View option, located below the Configuration View box, to select the Physical or Logical view. Figure 6-16 shows the physical view of an RA4000 in slot 1. Listed below the controller are two unassigned drives: one 9.1-GB drive and one 4.3-GB drive.
6-24 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide More Information Button The More Information button, shown in Figure 6-17, is located at the bottom right side of the screen. Click this button to display a list of the entire controller, drive, or array configuration details available for the selected items. Drive View Box This box is located at the bottom left of the screen as shown in Figure 6-17.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Array Buttons The Array box is located on the right side of the screen, below the Controller box. The Modify, Expand, and Create Logical Drive buttons become active after you select an array in the View Configuration list box. Figure 6-19. Array buttons Logical Drive Buttons This box is located on the right side below the Array box. The Modify button becomes active after you select a logical drive in the Configuration View list box. Figure 6-20.
6-26 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Controller Settings Screen Use the Controller Settings screen to select the operating system and to set the Rebuild Priority, Expand Priority, and Accelerator Ratio. Rebuild and Expand Priority settings will not affect an idle system, but they will affect performance on a busy system. Figure 6-21. Controller Settings screen The Rebuild Priority affects the amount of time the controller spends rebuilding data after a failed drive has been replaced.
Running the Array Configuration Utility The Accelerator Ratio determines the amount of memory allocated to the read and write caches. Some applications may perform better with a larger write cache while others may perform better with a larger read cache. Create Array Screen In this screen, all available drives attached to the selected controller are displayed on the left. Drives assigned to the current array appear on the right. A port number and SCSI ID identify each physical drive.
6-28 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide To increase performance, Compaq reconnects installing/distributing drives to both ports before running the Array Configuration Utility. Select drives for both ports when creating your array. Figure 6-22.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Create Logical Drive Screen In this screen, you can select the fault-tolerance method, enable the array accelerator, set the logical drive size, and set the stripe size. Given the reliability of a particular generation of hard drive technology, the probability of an array experiencing a drive failure increases with the number of drives in an array. Compaq recommends the number of drives in an array be limited to 14. NOTE: Figure 6-23.
6-30 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide This screen first displays the maximum size logical drive that can be created for your drive array. You can reduce this amount if you want to create more than one logical drive on the array. To reduce the size, type in the number or drag the pointer to the left. Fine-tune the size with the arrow buttons to the left of the scale. Stripe Size Stripe size refers to the amount of data stored on each physical drive in one stripe of a logical drive.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Error and Warning Messages When you start the Array Configuration Utility, the software checks each controller to detect errors in its configuration. If a problem is found, the Array Configuration Utility displays an error or warning message that describes the problem. Error and warning messages include instructions to correct configurations.
6-32 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Auto-configuration If no logical drives are configured, a CPQONLIN auto-configuration wizard (Figure 6-24) appears and prompts you to select fault-tolerance information. CPQONLIN then configures arrays optimally for the selected fault tolerance. Figure 6-24.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Custom Configuration Custom configuration allows you to create arrays and assign fault tolerance one array at a time. To custom configure an array, make selections from the Main Configuration View screen. Highlight the controller, array, or logical drive to be configured. Make a selection from the Options menu located on the right side of the screen.
6-34 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Drive Rebuild, Expand Priority, and Accelerator Ratio To set the drive rebuild priority, expand priority, or accelerator ratio for a controller, highlight the controller at the Main Configuration View screen and select the Controller Settings option listed below Controller Options. The Controller Settings screen appears (Figure 6-26). Figure 6-26.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Priority Settings To set the drive rebuild priority, highlight the RA4000 controller and select the controller settings. If you chose low priority for drive rebuild, drive rebuilding takes place when there is no I/O to the drive. If you choose high priority, drive rebuilding occurs faster, at the expense of normal I/O operations.
6-36 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Online RAID and Stripe Migration Using CPQONLIN, you can modify both the RAID level and Stripe Size of an existing logical drive while online. To migrate a drive, select the drive setting option under the logical drive menu for the drive you wish to modify. Select the new RAID level and/or stripe size from the choices presented to you. If the new settings are valid, the migration will begin when you save your changes.
Running the Array Configuration Utility ■ Rebuilding: The array is operating and rebuilding a replacement drive or an online spare, if one was assigned. ■ Logical Drive Failed: If you have one or more logical drives that are not protected by fault tolerance in an array, the data on these logical drives will be lost. The Array Configuration Utility shows the logical drives as FAILED. After drive replacement, any fault-tolerant logical drives rebuild.
6-38 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 6. NetWare cannot detect a single physical drive failure when using hardware-based fault tolerance; NetWare determines that the data is still valid and accessible during the rebuilding process. However, the driver knows that a physical drive has failed. A message will be printed on the console notifying the user that a physical drive is in a degraded state. CPQONLIN will also show the drive has failed.
Chapter Options ROMPaq The Options ROMPaq utility is used to update the firmware on the RA4000 Controller and hard drives. Use Options ROMPaq to update the capabilities of the RA4000 Controller whenever an updated firmware version is available. The RA4000 Controller firmware included in a new RA4000 may not be the latest version available. Check the Compaq website at www.compaq.com to determine whether you should update the firmware version. NOTE: Running the Procedure To run Options ROMPaq: 1.
7-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide 7. Press Enter to go to step 9. or 8. If the ROM firmware in the RA4000 Controller is older than that on the Options ROMPaq diskette, you will get the Select an Image screen: Device to reprogram: Current ROM revision: Select Firmware Images: ALL COMPAQ RA4000 Controller(s) COMPAQ RA4000 Controller x.xx COMPAQ RA4000 Controller y.yy 9. Press Enter.
Appendix Regulatory Compliance Notices Regulatory Compliance Identification Numbers For the purpose of regulatory compliance certifications and identification, your StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 is assigned a Compaq Series number. The Compaq Series number for this product is: Series 4100. The Storage System Series number can be found on the product label, along with the required approval markings and information. The product label is located on the chassis and inside the fan module opening.
A-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Modifications The FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications made to this device that are not expressly approved by Compaq Computer Corporation may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Cables Connections to this device must be made with shielded cables with metallic RFI/EMI connector hoods in order to maintain compliance with FCC Rules and Regulations.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Japanese Notice Taiwanese Notice Laser Devices The GigaBit Interface Converter (GBIC) module contains a laser device. All Compaq systems equipped with a laser device comply with safety standards, including International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 825. With specific regard to the laser, the equipment complies with laser product performance standards set by government agencies as a Class 1 laser product.
A-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide August 2, 1976. These regulations apply to laser products manufactured from August 1, 1976. Compliance is mandatory for products marketed in the United States. Compliance with International Regulations The Compaq Fiber Channel Storage System is equipped with GBIC modules that contain Laser Diode and comply with appropriate safety standards including IEC 825.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Battery Replacement Notice Your RA4000 is provided with a Lithium Manganese Dioxide, or a Vanadium Pentoxide, batteries. There is a danger of explosion and risk of personal injury if the array is incorrectly replaced or mistreated. Replace only with the Compaq spare designated for this product. For more information about battery replacement or proper disposal, contact your Compaq Authorized Reseller or your Authorized Service Provider.
Appendix Electrostatic Discharge To prevent damage to the system, be aware of the precautions you need to follow when setting up the system or handling parts. A discharge of static electricity from a finger or other conductor may damage system boards or other static-sensitive devices. This type of damage may reduce the life expectancy of the device. To prevent electrostatic damage, observe the following precautions: ■ Avoid hand contact by transporting and storing products in static-safe containers.
B-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Grounding Methods There are several methods for grounding. Use one or more of the following methods when handling or installing electrostatic-sensitive parts: ■ Use a wrist strap connected by a ground cord to a grounded workstation or computer chassis. Wrist straps are flexible straps with a minimum of 1 megohm ± 10 percent resistance in the ground cords. To provide proper ground, wear the strap snug against the skin.
Appendix Specifications This appendix provides operating and physical specifications for the Compaq RA4000 (Tower) and the Compaq RA4000 (Rack-mountable). RA4000 (Tower) Table C-1 RA4000 (Tower) Specifications Parameter English Metric Dimensions (including foot) Height Depth Width 20.5 in 25.0 in 10.8 in 52.0 cm 63.5 cm 27.4 cm Weight No drives installed, single power supply 50 lb 22.
C-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Table C-1 RA4000 (Tower) Specifications continued Parameter English Metric Temperature Range Operating Shipping 50° to 95° F -22° to 122° F 10° to 35° C -30° to 50° C Relative Humidity (noncondensing) Operating Nonoperating 8% to 90% 5% to 95% 8% to 90% 5% to 95% Maximum Wet Bulb Temperature 101.7° F 38.
Specifications Table C-2 RA4000 (Rackmount) Specifications continued Parameter English Metric Temperature Range Operating Shipping 50° to 95° F -22° to 122° F 10° to 35° C -30° to 50° C Relative Humidity (noncondensing) Operating Nonoperating 8% to 90% 5% to 95% 8% to 90% 5% to 95% Maximum Wet Bulb Temperature 101.7° F 38.7° C *Input Power and Heat Dissipation specifications are maximum values and apply to worst-case conditions at full rated power supply load.
Appendix Fibre Channel Technology The information in this appendix defines Fibre Channel, describes its advantages, and outlines how it is in the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000. Fibre Channel Standards Fibre Channel has an integrated set of standards developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This set of standards defines new protocols for information transfer.
D-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide ■ q Up to 126 ports per Arbitrated Loop q Smaller cables and connectors q No bus termination required q Shortwave Laser supports distances from 2 meters to 500 meters q Longwave Laser supports distances up to 10 kilometers Reliability q Immune to electrical noise q Packet protocol with CRC Fibre Channel and External Storage Systems Compaq supports two forms of Fibre Channel interconnect schemes with the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000.
Fibre Channel Technology Point-to-Point Connection The simplest connection method for Fibre Channel cable is the point-to-point connection between a server and an external RA4000. Figure D-1 shows a simplified point-to-point connection. 1 3 2 4 Figure D-1.
D-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide ■ ■ ■ One Compaq Fibre Channel cable q Multi-mode for distances of 2 meters to 500 meters q 2-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B21 q 5-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B22 q 15-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B23 q Single-mode for distances of more than 500 meters and up to 10 kilometers A GBIC option kit containing two GBIC modules q Sh
Fibre Channel Technology Figure D-2 shows a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop configuration with one server, one Storage Hub, and two RA4000(s). 1 8 2 3 4 6 5 7 Figure D-2.
D-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Table D-2 Components in a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop Number Component 1 Server 2 Fibre Host Adapter 3 Fibre Channel Storage Hub 4 RA4000 Controller 1 5 RA4000 1 6 RA4000 Controller 2 7 RA4000 2 8 Storage Hub The following components are required for a typical FC-AL and Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 installation: ■ Compaq Fibre Host Adapter/P or a Compaq Fibre Host Adapter/E installed in the server ■ Compaq RA4000 Installed (
Fibre Channel Technology ■ ■ ■ One Compaq Fibre Channel cable q Multi-mode for distances of 2 meters to 500 meters q 2-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B21 q 5-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B22 q 15-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B23 q Single-mode for distances of more than 500 meters and up to 10 kilometers A GBIC option kit containing two GBIC modules q Shortwave GBIC option kit for
D-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Structured Format for Data Transmission Data is sent over Fibre Channel cable in a structured format. The smallest structure of data sent is called a frame. Addressing is done within the frame header.
Fibre Channel Technology Figure D-4 shows the structure of Fibre Channel data transmission. Exchange Sequence 3 Sequence 2 Sequence 1 Sequence EOF CRC Header SOF Data Fibre Channel Frame Figure D-4. Structure of data transmission over Fibre Channel cable Protocol Layers Five protocol layers are included in the Fibre Channel standard. They are FC-0 through FC-4. FC-0 defines the physical characteristics of the interface used.
D-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Figure D-5 shows the relationship between the Fibre Channel layers. Channels FC- 4 IPI SCSI HIPPI SBCCS FC-3 Common Services FC-2 Framing Protocol / Flow Control FC-1 Encode / Decode (Future) FC-0 133 Mbit/s 266 Mbit/s Media: Optical - Laser Figure D-5. Fibre Channel layers 531 Mbit/s 1.
Appendix Hard Drive Arrays The information in this appendix describes hard drive array concepts, data protection methods, including fault-tolerance options, and data reliability features of the Compaq RA4000 Controller installed in the Compaq RA4000. Before configuring the RA4000 Controller, review the following general information so that you will be familiar with the terms and concepts required for configuration.
E-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Physical Drive 1 Physical Drive 2 Physical Drive 3 Logical Drive 1 Logical Drive 2 Drive Array Daz-9-12.EPS Figure E-1. Drive array with two logical drives Physical Drive 1 Physical Drive 2 Physical Drive 3 Logical Drive 1 Drive Array Daz-9-18.EPS Figure E-2.
Hard Drive Arrays Figure E-3 illustrates a larger array with two logical drives across six physical drives. Drive 1 Drive 2 Physical Drives Drive 3 Drive 4 Drive 5 Drive 6 Logical Drive 1 Logical Drive 2 Drive Array Daz-9-16.EPS Figure E-3. Drive array with six physical drives and two logical drives The same physical drives can also be arranged in separate arrays, as illustrated in Figure E-4. Both arrays can be handled by the same controller.
E-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Drive Arrays Drive arrays have several important attributes: ■ A single array cannot span more than one RA4000 Controller. ■ A single RA4000 Controller can control multiple arrays. ■ Arrays must have at least one and may have up to 12 physical drives. ■ Arrays will consist of at least one and may have up to 32 logical drives (maximum 32 logical drives per controller).
Hard Drive Arrays ■ Data protection ■ Performance enhancement ■ Capacity changes ■ Data reliability Data Protection The RA4000 Controller provides several options to produce data redundancy for a more reliable system including distributing data, fault-tolerance methods, assigning online spares, and rebuilding data. Fault Tolerance (RAID) Options During configuration, you will need to make RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) level choices.
E-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Table E-1 RAID Level Characteristics Distributed Data Mirroring No Fault Data Guarding (RAID 1) Tolerance Guarding (RAID 4) (RAID 0) (RAID 5) Usable Disk 67% to 93% 67% to 93% 50% 100% (n-1)/n (n-1)/n n/2 n Parity distributed over each drive Dedicated parity drive Duplicate data None 3 3 2 1 Tolerant of single drive failures. Higher performance than RAID 4. Uses the least amount of storage capacity for fault tolerance.
Hard Drive Arrays If you will be storing non-critical data, and space and performance are both important, RAID 0 offers the best of both parameters. However, RAID 0 has no data protection and you will have to rely on backups in case of hardware failure. Distributed Data Guarding (RAID 5) Distributed data guarding, also called RAID 5, stores parity data across all the drives in the array.
E-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Data Guarding (RAID 4) Data guarding, also called RAID 4, assures data reliability while using only a small percentage of the logical drive storage capacity. A designated, single drive contains parity data. If a drive fails, the controller uses the data on the parity drive and the data on the remaining drives to reconstruct data from the failed drive.
Hard Drive Arrays Drive Mirroring (RAID 1) Drive mirroring, also called RAID 1, is the highest performance faulttolerance method. RAID 1 is the only option offering fault-tolerance protection if only two drives are installed or selected for an array. Drive mirroring creates fault tolerance by storing two sets of duplicate data on a pair of disk drives. Therefore, RAID 1 is the most expensive fault tolerance method because 50 percent of the drive capacity is used to store the redundant data.
E-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide ■ Disk failure will result in data loss for all RAID 0 logical drives. ■ You cannot assign an online spare to an array containing a RAID 0 logical drive. Online Spare During configuration, consider assigning an online spare to further improve your system’s fault tolerance. An online spare (sometimes called a hot-spare) is a drive the controller uses when a drive failure occurs.
Hard Drive Arrays Table E-2 Data Striping Options Fault Tolerance Level Stripe Sizes (in sectors) RAID 0 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 RAID 1 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 RAID 4 16, 32, 64, 128 RAID 5 16, 32, 64, 128 For example, consider an operating system that typically requests data in 32-sector blocks. The array controller distributes the data so that the first 32-sectors of data are on the first drive in the array.
E-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Array Accelerator By serving as a posted write cache and read-ahead cache, the array accelerator dramatically improves the performance of read and write commands. The array accelerator is particularly useful for increasing performance in database and fault tolerant configurations.
Hard Drive Arrays Batteries The array accelerator contains batteries that maintain any data cached there if a system power failure occurs. The batteries can preserve data in the array accelerator for up to four days. When power is restored to the system, an initialization feature writes the preserved data to the disk drives. The cells used in the array accelerator batteries are recharged via a “trickle” charge applied while system power is present.
E-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Consider the following example. The RA4000 controller receives a request for a physical drive that is not currently active. The controller schedules the request immediately ahead of previously received requests already queued to other active drives within the array. This request management process operates concurrently with drive operations. The benefits of optimized request management increase as greater demands are made on the drive subsystem.
Hard Drive Arrays Original Logical Drive Added Physical Drives Data from original logical drive redistributed over "Top" of all physical drives. New logical drive created over "Bottom" of all physical drives. Daz-9-14.EPS Figure E-10. Expanded array storage capacity with a second logical drive For example: Assume you have two Compaq RA4000(s), with a total of 10 drives; you want to expand this to the 12-drive maximum supported by one RA4000 Controller.
E-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide It is important to remember that all physical drives in an array should be the same size (capacity). This is because each drive contains an equal portion of one or more logical drives and the portion sizes can only total the size of the smallest drive. While you are not prevented from expanding storage capacity with larger drives, the extra space cannot be used.
Hard Drive Arrays Other Fault Management Features The RA4000 Controller and the network operating system offer several other fault management and data reliability features, including: ■ Auto reliability monitoring ■ Dynamic sector repairing ■ Drive parameter tracking ■ Drive failure alert features ■ Interim data recovery ■ Automatic data recovery Auto Reliability Monitoring Auto reliability monitoring (ARM) is a background process that scans hard drives for bad sectors in fault-tolerant logic
E-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide server to determine what drive failure features are included on your server model. Other Compaq options such as Compaq Insight Manager and Compaq Server Manager/R provide additional drive failure features. See your Authorized Compaq Reseller for more information on these products. Interim Data Recovery In RAID 1, RAID 4, or RAID 5 fault tolerant configurations, if a drive fails, the system continues to operate in an interim data recovery mode.
Appendix Recovering From Hard Drive Failure The purpose of fault-tolerant configurations on the Compaq RA4000 Controller is to protect against data loss due to drive failure. Although the RA4000 Controller firmware is designed to protect against normal drive failure, it is imperative that you perform the correct actions to recover from a drive failure without inadvertently inducing any additional drive failures.
F-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide ■ Array Diagnostic Utility (ADU) will list all failed drives. An online version on ADU is also available in Windows NT environments. ■ Compaq Insight Manager can be used to detect failed drives remotely across a network. Problems such as reduced system performance or disk errors reported by the operating system do not necessarily imply that a drive has or has not failed.
Recovering From Hard Drive Failure ■ Will be in a “regenerating” condition if at least one drive is failed, and no failed drives are mirrored to one another. ■ Will be in a “rebuilding” condition if a previously failed drive has been replaced and the replacement drive is rebuilding. The volume may also be in a rebuilding condition following a drive failure if a spare drive was previously assigned and is rebuilding.
F-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Replacing a Failed Drive Failed drives in hot-pluggable trays can be removed and replaced while host system and storage system powers are both on. Of course, hot-pluggable drives can also be replaced when the power is off. Remember, however, to NEVER TURN OFF the RA4000 while the host system power is on. This would result in the failure of all drives in the storage system, which would likely compromise your fault tolerance.
Recovering From Hard Drive Failure Automatic Data Recovery Failure During Automatic Data Recovery, if the online LED of the replacement drive stops blinking and all other drives in the array are still online, the Automatic Data Recovery process may have been abnormally terminated due to an noncorrectable read error from another physical drive during the recovery process. The background Auto-Reliability Monitoring process is meant to help prevent this problem.
Index A accelerator ratio 6-27, 6-35 ACU 1-9, D-4, D-7, E-16 Capacity Expansion 1-11 configuring hardware 1-10 disabling Array Accelerator 1-11 running 2-3 unused space E-16 adding spare drives 6-35 ADU 1-9, F-2 airflow 2-6 American National Standards Institute See ANSI ANSI D-1, D-4 ARM See fault management, auto-reliability monitoring array accelerators replacing 1-12 array accelerators batteries E-13 detaching 1-12 disabling 1-11 improving performance E-12 memory 1-11 moving to another controller E-12 p
2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide Array Diagnostic Utility F-2 Array Diagnostics Utility 1-9 arrays See also hard drives, arrays adding capacity 1-11 attributes E-4 benefits E-5 concepts E-1 configurations E-1 definition E-1 expanding E-14 maximum drives E-4 multiple E-4 performance E-5 Assembly replacing 4-22 auto-configuration wizard CPQONLIN 6-32 illustrated 6-32 Automatic Data Recovery F-4 failure F-5 initiating F-4 auto-reliability monitoring See fault management, autoreliability monito
Index 3 considerations E-15 definition 1-11, E-14 example E-15 hard drive upgrade E-16 online 1-9, 1-11, E-16 capacity extension defined 6-16 existing partition(s) 6-18 partitioning software 6-18 procedure 6-17 space availability 6-18 supported by 6-16 third party partitioning tools 6-18 changing RAID level example 6-18 changing stripe size example 6-18 chassis 4-12, 4-14, 4-20, 4-21, 4-22, 4-23, 5-3 communication, bi-directional D-4 Compaq Fibre Channel Arrays See Fibre Channel Arrays Fibre Channel Storag
4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide drive rebuild 6-34 set priority 6-35 NetWare Online Array Configuration Utility 6-31 optimizing array controller performance 6-38 RAID level modification 6-36 stripe size migration 6-36 CRC D-1 create array screen Array Configuration Utility 6-27 illustrated 6-28 create logical drive screen Array Configuration Utility 6-29 illustrated 6-29 logical drive size 6-29 stripe size 6-30 Create Logical Drive screen illustrated 6-11 creating a new array choosing a co
Index 5 drive trays 2-14 drive view box, Array Configuration Utility 6-24 drivers installing 2-18 operating system D-4, D-7 installing 2-3 drives backup E-9 disk drive failures, steps 6-37 expansion wizards, illustrated 6-15 logical 1-9, 1-12, E-1 adding E-14, E-16 advantages E-4 attributes E-4 backups F-6 conditions F-2 definition E-4 failure F-2, F-3, F-5 fault tolerance E-4 maximum in array E-4 performance 1-10 rebuilding F-3 reenabling F-5 regenerating F-3 size E-4 mirroring E-5, E-9 physical 1-10, E-1
6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide technology D-1 Fibre Channel point-to-point D-2 standards protocol layers D-9 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop See FC-AL Fibre Channel Array Controllers FC-AL D-4 reconfiguring E-16 Fibre Channel Arrays applying power 3-1 FC-AL D-4 front panel features 1-4 LEDs 1-4 logical drives 1-9 models 1-1 power switch 1-4 rear panel features 1-5 Fibre Channel Host Adapter/P or E 2-2 Fibre Channel Storage Hubs 1-1, 2-2 applying power 3-1 boot order 2-3, 3-1 bypass switchin
Index 7 inserting the drive 4-27 installing the Fan Assembly 4-23 installing the power supply 4-21 installing the RA4000 Controller 4-12, 4-14 installing the redundant power supply 5-3 latching the drive into place 4-27 opening the drive tray latches 4-26 Power and Fault LEDs on the Storage Hub 12 4-7 power supply LED 4-10 power supply LEDs 3-3 RA4000 Controller LEDs 4-4 removing the Fan Assembly 4-23 removing the power supply 4-20 removing the power supply blanking panel 5-2 removing the RA4000 Controller
8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide effect on performance E-7, E-8 procedure 4-26 SCSI 1-13, 2-1 securing 2-15, 4-27 spare F-3 supported 1-2, 1-9 troubleshooting 4-2 upgrading E-16 hardware configurations 1-10 failure 1-10, E-4, E-7 mounting 2-2, 2-10 rack-mounting 2-1 help additional sources xi Compaq website xii Compq authorized resellers, telephone numbers xii technical support telephone numbers xi help, Array Configuration Utility 6-4 hot-pluggability definition 1-6 http://www.compaq.
Index 9 Power and Fault LEDs on the Storage Hub 12 4-7 power supply LED 4-10 power supply LEDs 3-3 RA4000 Controller LEDs 4-4 removing the Fan Assembly 4-23 removing the power supply 4-20 removing the power supply blanking panel 5-2 removing the RA4000 Controller 4-12, 4-14 simple point-to point Fibre Channel connection D-3 structure of data transmission over Fibre Channel cable D-9 Insight Manager 1-9 detecting failed drives F-2 drive failure features E-18 indicating faults 4-1 monitoring performance 1-12
10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide expansion wizards, illustrated 6-15 rebuilding 6-36 logical volumes See drives, logical logical/physical configuration view box, Array Configuration Utility 6-22 M main configuration screen array buttons 6-25 array buttons, illustrated 6-25 Array Configuration Utility 6-21 controller box, illustrated 6-24 controller buttons 6-24 controller selection box 6-22 controller selection box, illustrated 6-22 custom configure an array 6-33 drive view box 6-24 drive
Index 11 help 6-4 RAID level migration, example 6-18 RAID level migration, manual 6-18 running Array Configuration Utility 6-3 stripe size migration, example 6-18 stripe size migration, manual 6-18 online migration changing RAID level 6-18, 6-20 changing stripe size 6-18, 6-20 online spares E-4 definition E-10 limitations E-10 operating systems drivers D-4, D-7 optimized request management E-13 P panels blanking 2-9 removing 2-10, 5-2 front 2-13, 2-14, 3-1 LEDs 3-2 rear 4-12 partitions recreating F-6 perf
12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide redundant 1-2, 1-6, 1-13, 2-22 aligning 5-3 function 5-1 installing 5-2 power cord 5-3 replacing 4-21 securing 5-3 releasing 4-20, 4-21 removing 1-6, 2-20 removing power from 1-13 replacing 1-6, 4-10, 4-19 securing 4-21, 4-22 troubleshooting 4-10 power switches Fibre Channel Array 1-4, 1-13 positions 1-13 Power-On Self-Test See POST priority settings 6-35 protocol layers D-9 Q queuing, tagged-command 1-9, 1-13 R RA4000 2-1 cables 2-20 FC-AL D-6 hard drive
Index 13 failure F-2 RAID 1 1-10 advantages E-6, E-9 automatic data recovery E-18 auto-reliability monitoring E-17 definition E-5 failure F-2 interim data recovery E-18 rebuilding F-2 regenerating F-2 RAID 4 1-10 advantages E-8 automatic data recovery E-18 auto-reliability monitoring E-17 definition E-5 disadvantages E-7, E-8 interim data recovery E-18 RAID 5 1-10, E-7 advantages E-6 automatic data recovery E-18 auto-reliability monitoring E-17 definition E-5 failure F-4 interim data recovery E-18 RAID lev
14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 User Guide StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 configuring 2-1 stripe size defined 6-30 fault tolerance 6-30 screen, illustrated 6-19 switches power 1-13, 3-1 Fibre Channel Array 1-4 symbols in text x symbols on equipment x System Configuration Utility D-4, D-7 T tables Data Striping Options E-11 RA4000 Controller LED Descriptions 4-4 technical support xi telephone numbers xii temperature Maximum Recommended Ambient Operating See TMRA operating 2-8 standards 2-6 template 2-
