SAS, SATA, and SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User’s Guide
● 2 Copyright ©2005-2006 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Adaptec, Inc., 691 South Milpitas Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035. Trademarks Adaptec, Adaptec Storage Manager, SCSISelect, SATASelect, and the Adaptec logo are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc.
● 3 Adaptec Customer Support If you have questions about installing or using your Adaptec product, check this document first—you will find answers to most of your questions. If you need further assistance, use the support options listed below. To expedite your service, have your computer in front of you. Technical Support Identification (TSID) Number ● Before contacting Technical Support, you need your unique 12-digit TSID number. The TSID number identifies your product and support status.
● 4 Limited 3-Year Hardware Warranty 1. Adaptec, Inc. (“Adaptec”) warrants to the purchaser of this product that it will be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase.
● 5 Regulatory Compliance Statements Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement WARNING: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
Contents About This Guide What You Need to Know Before You Begin ................................................... 12 Terminology Used in this Guide ...................................................................... 12 How to Find More Information....................................................................... 12 Kit Contents and System Requirements Kit Contents ...................................................................................................... 14 System Requirements........
Contents ● 7 Getting Started Choosing a RAID Level..................................................................................... 27 Selecting Disk Drives ........................................................................................ 28 Disk Drives for SAS Controllers................................................................. 28 Disk Drives for SATA Controllers ............................................................. 28 Disk Drives for SCSI Controllers .........................
Contents ● 8 Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System Before You Begin............................................................................................... 48 Creating a Driver Disk ...................................................................................... 48 Installing on Windows...................................................................................... 49 Installing on Red Hat or SuSE Linux ...............................................................
Contents ● 9 Understanding RAID Understanding Drive Segments ....................................................................... 67 RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays) ............................................................................ 67 RAID 1 Arrays ................................................................................................... 68 RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays.................................................................................. 68 RAID 10 Arrays ............................
Contents ● 10 Using the Adaptec Flash Utility System Requirements........................................................................................ 95 Before You Begin............................................................................................... 95 Obtaining the Firmware ............................................................................. 95 Creating the Firmware Floppy Disks ......................................................... 96 Running the Menu-based AFU ..........
About This Guide 1 In this chapter... What You Need to Know Before You Begin .......................................................................... 12 Terminology Used in this Guide............................................................................................ 12 How to Find More Information ............................................................................................ 12 This Installation and User’s Guide explains how to install your Adaptec® RAID controller.
Chapter 1: About This Guide ● 12 What You Need to Know Before You Begin You should be familiar with computer hardware, data storage, RAID technology, and the input/output (I/O) technology—Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), SAS, or Serial ATA (SATA)—used by your controller. (For an introduction to SAS, see page 59.) You should also be familiar with Direct Attached Storage (DAS) and Storage Area Network (SAN) concepts and technology.
Kit Contents and System Requirements 2 In this chapter... Kit Contents............................................................................................................................ 14 System Requirements ............................................................................................................. 14 This chapter lists the contents of your Adaptec RAID controller kit and the system requirements that must be met for you to successfully install and use your controller.
Chapter 2: Kit Contents and System Requirements ● 14 Kit Contents ● Adaptec RAID controller ● RAID Installation CD (bootable), including controller drivers, and this Guide ● Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD (not bootable), including user guides for Adaptec Storage Manager and the Adaptec RAID controller configuration command line utility (ARCCONF) ● Cables (type and quantity vary—for cable information about your controller, see About Your RAID Controller on page 16) ● (Selected models onl
Chapter 2: Kit Contents and System Requirements ● 15 ● Available compatible PCI/PCI-X/PCI-E slot (depending on your controller model—see the descriptions starting on page 16) ● 20 MB of free disk drive space ● 16-bit SVGA color monitor with a resolution of at least 800 x 600 ● CD drive
About Your RAID Controller 3 In this chapter... Standard RAID Controller Features ...................................................................................... 17 Adding Enhanced Features .................................................................................................... 18 Adding a Battery Backup Module ......................................................................................... 18 Upgrading the Controller Firmware ..................................................
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 17 Standard RAID Controller Features ● Flash ROM for updates to controller firmware, BIOS, and the Adaptec RAID Configuration utility ● Disk drive hot-swapping ● Event logging and broadcasting including email and SNMP messages ● Multiple options for creating and managing RAID arrays—A full software application (Adaptec Storage Manager), a BIOS-based utility, a command line utility, and a DOS utility.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 18 Adding Enhanced Features As your storage needs change, you can enhance data protection and improve performance by upgrading your Adaptec controller with extra features. Currently, Adaptec offers the snapshot function as an upgrade feature which can be activated with a feature key (sold separately). A snapshot is a frozen image of a logical drive at a particular point in time.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 19 About the Adaptec 4000SAS The Adaptec 4000SAS is a low-profile SAS Zero Channel RAID controller with these features: LED connector Mode 0 Flash connector I2C connector PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI-X Maximum bus width 64-bit Maximum bus speed 133 MHz Standard cache 128 MB Maximum number of disk drives 8 Audible alarm No
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 20 About the Adaptec 4800SAS The Adaptec 4800SAS is a SAS RAID controller with these features: Alarm connector Mounting bracket Mode 0 Flash connector Two 4-wide internal SAS connectors Activity LED connector (top 2 left/right pins) One external SAS connector Battery connector PCI-X connector 1 Bus compatibility PCI-X Maximum bus width 64-bit Maximum bus speed 133 MHz I/O processor clock frequency 500 MHz Standard cache 128 MB DDR21 Maximum number
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 21 About the Adaptec 4805SAS The Adaptec 4805SAS is a SAS RAID controller with these features: Alarm connector Mounting bracket Mode 0 Flash connector Two 4-wide internal SAS connectors Activity LED connector (top 2 left/right pins) One external SAS connector Battery connector PCI-E connector 1 Bus compatibility PCI-E x8 I/O processor clock frequency 500 MHz Standard cache 128 MB DDR21 Maximum number of disk drives 8 (or up to 128 with expanders) SAS
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 22 About the Adaptec 2420SA The Adaptec 2420SA is a SATA RAID controller with these features: SATA ports 0 1 2 3 Mode 0 Flash connector Activity LED connector I2C connector Battery connector PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI-X, 3.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 23 About the Adaptec 2820SA The Adaptec 2820SA is a SATA RAID controller with these features: SATA ports 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mode 0 Flash connector Activity LED connectors I2C connector Battery connector PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI-X, 3.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 24 About the Adaptec 2130SLP The Adaptec 2130SLP is a low-profile controller with these features: Activity LED connector Mode 0 Flash connector Battery connector Internal HD SCSI connector Mounting bracket External VHDCI SCSI connector PCI/PCI-X connector Bus compatibility PCI / PCI-X, 3.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 25 About the Adaptec 2230SLP The Adaptec 2230SLP is a low-profile controller with these features: Mode 0 Flash connector Activity LED connector Battery connector 2 internal HD SCSI connectors 2 external VHDCI SCSI connectors PCI/PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI / PCI-X, 3.
Getting Started 4 In this chapter... Choosing a RAID Level.......................................................................................................... 27 Selecting Disk Drives.............................................................................................................. 28 Selecting Cables ...................................................................................................................... 29 Installation Options ..............................................
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 27 Choosing a RAID Level This section provides a brief overview of the RAID levels supported by your Adaptec RAID controller, including the minimum and maximum number of disk drives required by each. ● RAID 0 (Non-redundant Array)—Stripes data across multiple disk drives. Improved performance but no redundancy (see page 67). ● RAID 1 Array—Created from two disk drives where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk drive).
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 28 Selecting Disk Drives When selecting disk drives for your RAID array, ensure that all the disk drives have the same performance level. You can use different-sized disk drives in the array, but the array will be limited to the capacity of the smallest and slowest disk drive. For more information, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide or online Help. Disk Drives for SAS Controllers Your SAS controller supports both SAS and SATA disk drives.
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 29 Selecting Cables This section describes the cable options and requirements for your Adaptec controller: ● For SAS cables, see this page. ● SATA cables, see this page. ● SCSI cables, see page 30. SAS Cables You need one SAS cable for each disk drive you are connecting to your Adaptec SAS RAID controller. Depending on your requirements, you can use any of these cables: Internal cable—Connects to a backplane.
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 30 SCSI Cables Depending on your requirements, you may need one or two internal cables. You may also need one external SCSI cable. Ensure that you have cables with the proper connectors for your RAID controller. One internal SCSI cable is included in the kit. Internal SCSI cable—Connects to up to seven internal SCSI disk drives and devices. External SCSI cable—Connects to an external SCSI disk drive or device.
Installing the Controller and Disk Drives 5 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 32 Installing the Controller......................................................................................................... 32 Connecting Disk Drives to SAS RAID Controllers............................................................... 33 Connecting Disk Drives to SATA RAID Controllers ..............
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 32 Before You Begin ● Read Safety Information on page 101. ● Familiarize yourself with your Adaptec RAID controller’s physical features and the RAID levels that it supports (see page 16). ● Ensure you have the right quantity of disk drives for the RAID level you want to use for your arrays (see page 28). ● Ensure that you have the proper cables for your controller and disk drives (see page 29).
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives 7 ● 33 Prepare and install your internal disk drives, following the instructions for your type of controller: ● For SAS RAID controllers, see page 33. ● For SATA RAID controllers, see page 34. ● For SCSI RAID controllers, see page 35. If you are not installing internal disk drives, close your computer cabinet, reattach the power cord, then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 35.
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 34 Connecting to a System Backplane In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS cards are attached to and communicate with each other through a system backplane. The number of disk drives is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. Some backplanes have embedded SAS expanders and can support up to 128 end devices. (For more information about backplane and expander connections, see page 63.
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 35 Connecting Disk Drives to SCSI RAID Controllers 1 For each controller channel, set the SCSI ID of each disk drive to a unique number between 0 and 15. The controller is set to ID 7 by default. Although not recommended, you can change the controller ID by using the Adaptec RAID Controller utility (see page 75). Note: Do not change the controller ID unless absolutely necessary.
Creating a Bootable Array 6 In this chapter... Setting the Boot Controller.................................................................................................... 37 Creating an Array ................................................................................................................... 37 Making Your Array Bootable .................................................................................................
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 37 Setting the Boot Controller Note: If your system won’t contain more than one bootable controller, skip to the next section, Creating an Array. Your Adaptec RAID controller supports bootable disk drives and bootable arrays. To enable your system to boot from either a disk drive or an array connected to your controller: 1 Enter the system setup. 2 Navigate to the drive boot sequence. 3 Move the boot controller to the top of the list.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array 5 ● 38 Select at least three disk drives for the array, press Insert for each selected disk drive, then press Enter. ! Caution: During initialization, all data is deleted from the disk. Before continuing, back up any data you want to keep. 6 Press Y, then press Enter. The selected disk drives are initialized, then the Adaptec Configuration Utility screen appears. 7 Select Create Array, then press Enter.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 39 Creating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager This section describes how to use the Adaptec Storage Manager configuration wizard to build a RAID 5 array. Note: You will need the RAID Installation CD to complete this task. To create a RAID 5 array: 1 Insert the RAID Installation CD into your CD drive, then restart your computer. 2 When prompted, select the language you want, then press Enter. 3 Review the license information, then press Enter.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array 7 ● 40 Review the information that is displayed. Note: Adaptec Storage Manager uses the term logical drives when referring to arrays (see page 12). In this example, Adaptec Storage Manager has used four equal-sized disk drives to automatically create one logical drive with RAID 5 and a hot spare. To specify a size for the logical drives, or to make other changes to the configuration, click Modify logical devices.
Installing the Driver and an Operating System 7 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 42 Creating a Driver Disk ........................................................................................................... 42 Installing with Windows ........................................................................................................ 43 Installing with Red Hat Linux .........
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 42 Before You Begin ● Install and connect your Adaptec RAID controller and internal disk drives (see page 31). ● Create a bootable array (see page 36). ● Create a driver disk (see the following section). Creating a Driver Disk Note: You will need a floppy disk to complete this task. To create a driver disk: 1 Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive. (For instructions, refer to your computer’s documentation.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 43 Installing with Windows Note: You will need your Windows installation CD to complete this task. To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Windows: 1 Insert your Windows CD, then restart the computer. 2 Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the Windows installation. 3 When prompted to install a third-party driver, press F6. Note: When F6 is active, a prompt appears at the bottom of the screen for only 5 seconds.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 44 Installing with SuSE Linux To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing SuSE Linux: 1 Insert the first SuSE installation CD. 2 Restart your computer. 3 When the SuSE installation selection screen appears, choose the type of installation you want, then press the F6 key to indicate the use of a driver disk. (If F6 is not shown on the screen, you may have an older version of SuSE; press the Alt key instead.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System 8 ● 45 From the lower window menu, select Continue, then press Enter. If the driver installation process fails, the server console is displayed so you can see the cause of the failure. To modify disk partitions, apply hot fixes, or perform volume maintenance, refer to your NetWare documentation. 9 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 52.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 46 Installing with FreeBSD Note: You will need your FreeBSD installation CD to complete this task. To install the driver when installing FreeBSD: 1 Insert the FreeBSD installation CD. 2 Restart your computer. 3 When the FreeBSD start screen appears, select 6 to escape to loader prompt. 4 Type load kernel. 5 Type load disk0:aacu.ko. If the driver fails to load, run lsdev and check for the floppy disk drive.
Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System 8 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 48 Creating a Driver Disk ........................................................................................................... 48 Installing on Windows ...........................................................................................................
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 48 Before You Begin Before you begin, install and connect your Adaptec RAID controller and internal disk drives (see page 31). You must also create a driver disk (see page 42) before you begin installing the controller driver. Creating a Driver Disk Note: You will need a floppy disk to complete this task. To create a driver disk: 1 Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 49 Installing on Windows To install the driver on Windows: 1 Start or restart Windows. The Found New Hardware Wizard opens and searches for the driver. 2 Insert the driver disk, select Floppy drive, then click Next. 3 Click Next, then click Next again. 4 Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the driver installation. 5 Remove the driver disk and restart your computer.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System 8 At the Driver Name menu, press the Insert key. 9 Insert the driver disk, press the Insert key, then press F3. ● 50 10 At the A:\ prompt, press Enter. The driver installs. 11 At the Additional Driver Option menu, select Return to driver summary, then press Enter. 12 At the Driver type menu, select Load on Additional Driver Options. 13 After the driver loads, select Continue. 14 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 52.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 51 Installing on Solaris To install the driver on Solaris: 1 Start your computer. 2 Insert and mount the driver disk: volcheck 3 Change to the driver installer directory: cd /floppy/floppy0/DU/sol_210/i86pc/Tools 4 Start the driver installer: ./install.sh -i 5 Reboot your computer, then remove the driver disk. 6 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 52.
Managing Your Storage Space 9 In this chapter... About Adaptec Storage Manager........................................................................................... 53 About the Adaptec RAID Controller Configuration Utility ................................................ 53 About the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ......................................................................... 54 About the Adaptec Flash Utility .............................................................................
Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space ● 53 About Adaptec Storage Manager Adaptec Storage Manager is a full-featured software application that helps you build a storage space for your online data, using Adaptec RAID controllers and disk drives. With Adaptec Storage Manager, you can group disk drives into logical drives and build in redundancy to protect your data and improve system performance.
Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space ● 54 About the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility The Adaptec RAID Controller utility is a BIOS-based utility that you can use to create and manage controllers, disk drives and other devices, and arrays. The Adaptec RAID Controller utility comprises these tools: ● Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk drives. (ACU for DOS is also available. See page 83.
Solving Problems 10 In this chapter... Troubleshooting Checklist ..................................................................................................... 56 Silencing the Alarm ................................................................................................................ 56 Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure ................................................................................... 56 Resetting the Controller.......................................................
Chapter 10: Solving Problems ● 56 Troubleshooting Checklist If you encounter difficulties installing or using your Adaptec RAID controller, check these items first: ● With your computer powered off, check the connections to each disk drive, to the power supply, to the LED connector, and so on. Try disconnecting and reconnecting disk drives from the Adaptec RAID controller. ● Check that your Adaptec RAID controller installed in a compatible expansion slot (PCI, PCI-X, or PCI-E).
Chapter 10: Solving Problems ● 57 Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare When an array is protected by a hot spare, if a disk drive in that array fails the hot spare is automatically incorporated into the array and takes over for the failed drive. To recover from the failure: 1 Remove and replace the failed disk drive (following manufacturer’s instructions).
Chapter 10: Solving Problems ● 58 Multiple Failures in the Same Array Except in RAID 6 and RAID 60 arrays (see page 66), if more than one disk drive fails at the same time in the same array, the data can’t be recovered. Correct the cause of the failure or replace the failed disk drives. Then, restore your data (if available). Note: In some instances, RAID 10 and RAID 50 arrays may survive multiple disk drive failures, depending on which disk drives fail.
Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) A In this appendix... Terminology Used in This Chapter ....................................................................................... 60 What is SAS? ........................................................................................................................... 60 How Do SAS Devices Communicate? ................................................................................... 61 What’s a Phy? ...............................................
Chapter A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) ● 60 Terminology Used in This Chapter For convenience, SAS HBAs and SAS RAID controllers are referred to generically in this chapter as SAS cards. HBAs, RAID controllers, disk drives, and external disk drive enclosures are referred to as end devices and expanders are referred to as expander devices. For convenience, this chapter refers to end devices and expander devices collectively as SAS devices.
Chapter A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) ● 61 How Do SAS Devices Communicate? SAS devices communicate with each other through links. A link is a physical connection between two phys. As shown in the following figure, SAS devices contain ports (see page 62), ports contain phys, and each phy contains one transmitter and one receiver—one transceiver. A phy can belong to one port only.
Chapter A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) ● 62 What’s a SAS Port? Note: Because the physical link between SAS devices is from phy to phy, rather than port to port, a “port” is more of a virtual concept, different from what is normally considered a port on other types of RAID controllers and storage devices. A port is one or more phys. A narrow port contains one phy. A wide port typically contains four phys.
Chapter A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) ● 63 What do SAS Cables Look Like? Internal SAS cables are narrower than internal parallel SCSI cables. The connectors vary in size depending on the number of links they support, from single link connectors to 4-wide (or larger) connectors. Internal fan-out cables (shown in the next figure) let you attach four disk drives to a single 4-wide connector.
Chapter A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) ● 64 Backplane Connections In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS cards are attached to and communicate with each other through a system backplane. The number of end devices is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. For example, the Adaptec S50 enclosure, which contains an expander, is a backplane connection that supports up to 12 SAS or SATA disk drives. Some backplanes support daisy-chain expansion to other backplanes.
Chapter A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) ● 65 How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI? In summary, although SAS and parallel SCSI both use the SCSI command set, how they move data from one place to another is very different. To support point-to-point serial data transport, SAS introduces new types of connectors, cables, connection options, and terminology. Generally speaking, SAS is faster and more flexible than parallel SCSI, and provides more options for building your storage space.
Understanding RAID B In this appendix... Understanding Drive Segments............................................................................................. 67 RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays).................................................................................................. 67 RAID 1 Arrays ........................................................................................................................ 68 RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays.........................................................
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 67 Understanding Drive Segments A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array. A disk drive can include both RAID segments (segments that are part of an array) and available segments. Each segment can be part of only one logical device at a time. If a disk drive is not part of any logical device, the entire disk is an available segment.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 68 RAID 1 Arrays A RAID 1 array is built from two disk drives, where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk drive). Compared to independent disk drives, RAID 1 arrays provide improved performance, with twice the read rate and an equal write rate of single disks. However, capacity is only 50 percent of independent disk drives.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 69 RAID 10 Arrays A RAID 10 array is built from two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays. Adaptec RAID controllers support a maximum number of 128 disk drives in a RAID 10 array. Data in a RAID 10 array is both striped and mirrored. Mirroring provides data protection, and striping improves performance. Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 70 RAID 5 Arrays A RAID 5 array is built from a minimum of three and a maximum of sixteen disk drives, and uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy. Parity data provides data protection, and striping improves performance. Parity data is an error-correcting redundancy that’s used to re-create data if a disk drive fails. In RAID 5 arrays, parity data (represented by Ps in the next figure) is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 71 RAID 5EE Arrays A RAID 5EE array—also known as a hot space—is similar to a RAID 5 array except that it includes a distributed spare drive and must be built from a minimum of four disk drives. The maximum number of disk drives is sixteen. Unlike a hot spare, a distributed spare is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data and parity data, and can’t be shared with other logical disk drives.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 72 RAID 50 Arrays A RAID 50 array is built from six to forty-eight disk drives configured as two or more RAID 5 arrays, and stripes stored data and parity data across all disk drives in both RAID 5 arrays. (For more information, see RAID 5 Arrays on page 70.) Note: Because the Adaptec 2420SA RAID controller doesn’t support more than four disk drives, it doesn’t support RAID 50 arrays. The parity data provides data protection, and striping improves performance.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 73 RAID 6 Arrays A RAID 6 array—also known as dual drive failure protection—is similar to a RAID 5 array because it uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy. However, RAID 6 arrays include two independent sets of parity data instead of one. Both sets of parity data are striped separately across all disk drives in the array. RAID 6 arrays provide extra protection for your data because they can recover from two simultaneous disk drive failures.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 74 Selecting the Best RAID Level Use this table to select the RAID levels that are most appropriate for the logical drives on your storage space, based on the number of available disk drives and your requirements for performance and reliability.
Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility C In this appendix... Introduction to the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ......................................................... 76 Running the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility..................................................................... 76 Using the ACU to Create and Manage Arrays ...................................................................... 76 Using the -Select Utility to Modify Controller Settings ............................................
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 76 Introduction to the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility The Adaptec RAID Controller utility comprises these tools: ● The Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk drives (see page 76). Note: Also available—ACU for DOS. See page 83. ● A -Select Utility—SerialSelect, SATASelect, or SCSISelect, for modifying your controller and disk drive settings (see page 78).
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 77 Managing Existing Arrays To view or modify existing arrays, select Manage Arrays from the main ACU menu. From the Manage Arrays menu, you can: ● View the properties of an array. Note: Failed drives are displayed in a different text color. ● Make an array bootable (see Creating Bootable Arrays on page 77). ● Assign or remove hot spares. ● Delete an array. ! Caution: Before deleting an array, back up the data to avoid permanently losing it.
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 78 Secure Erasing Disk Drives When you perform a secure erase on a disk drive, all data on that disk drive is completely and irretrievably eradicated. Secure erase performs three distinct writing passes to the disk drive being erased—it does not just write zeros. Performing a secure erase takes up to six times longer than clearing (or zeroing) a disk drive.
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 79 Modifying Your Controller’s Configuration Note: Default controller settings are suitable for most computers. Adaptec recommends that you do not change the default setting. To modify your controller’s settings, select Controller Configuration from the main -Select utility menu. The table on page 79 lists controller configuration options. Some options may not be available for your controller.
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 80 SAS-specific Controller Settings In addition to the general settings listed on page 79, your Adaptec SAS controller has SASspecific settings that can be modified if required. (For more information about SAS, see page 59.) To modify SAS-specific settings, select PHY Configuration from the SerialSelect main menu. Note: Default settings are shown in bold type. Option Description PHY Rate The data transfer rate between the controller and devices.
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 81 SCSI-specific Controller Settings In addition to the general settings listed on page 79, your Adaptec SCSI controller has SCSIspecific settings that can be modified if required. To modify SCSI-specific settings, select SCSI Configuration from the SCSISelect main menu. SCSI Device Settings You can use SCSISelect to modify some of the settings on the SCSI devices connected to your SCSI controller.
Appendix C: Using the Adaptec RAID Controller Utility ● 82 Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives You can use the disk utilities to low-level format or verify your disk drives. (New disk drives are low-level formatted at the factory and do not need to be low-level formatted again.) ! Caution: Before you format a disk drive, back up all data. Formatting destroys all data on a disk drive. To format or verify a disk drive: 1 Start the Adaptec RAID Controller utility (see page 76).
Using the ACU for DOS D In this appendix... Getting Started ....................................................................................................................... 84 Working in the ACU Using Menus........................................................................................ 84 Running the ACU Using Scripts............................................................................................
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 84 Getting Started Note: You need a bootable floppy disk to complete this task. The ACU for DOS runs from a floppy disk which you can create using the RAID Installation CD that came in your Adaptec RAID controller kit. To create the ACU floppy disk: 1 Insert your RAID Installation CD into the CD drive, then browse to this file: packages/firmware/controllermodel/acu.exe Where controllermodel is the model number of your Adaptec RAID controller.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 85 Running the ACU Using Scripts To work in the ACU using scripts: 1 Insert the ACU floppy disk (see page 84), then start or restart your computer. The computer boots to the DOS command line. 2 Type ACU on the command line, specify a script file, and specify either the /P or /R switches listed in the following table. (Don’t specify both.) You may also add one or both of the optional switches. Note: Command line syntax is not case sensitive.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 86 About Record Mode Note: You can also create a script file manually (see page 86). In Record Mode, the ACU writes a RAID controller’s existing array configuration to a specified script file, which lets you create the same configuration by running the ACU in Playback Mode (/P switch) with the resulting script. You can only record one RAID controller at a time with Record Mode. Record multiple RAID controllers separately using separate script files.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 87 Array Definition Block Keywords The array definition block always begins with the keyword Array and ends with the keyword End. The other required array definition keywords are Drives and Type. Array definition keywords and descriptions are listed in this table. Keyword Required? Description Array Yes Indicates the start of an array definition block. No default. See page 87. Drives Yes Specifies the disk drives used in creating the array. No default.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 88 End Keyword End is a required keyword, indicating the end of the block. HotspareDrives Keyword HotspareDrives is an optional keyword, specifying the hot spares to assign to the array. The syntax for listing hot spares is the same as the Drives Keyword on page 87. If HotspareDrives is not specified, no hot spares are assigned to the array. For example: HotspareDrives=0:0:0,0:1:0 The same disk drive can be assigned to protect multiple arrays (as a pool spare).
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 89 Method Keyword Method is an optional keyword, indicating which method to use when creating a redundant (RAID 1, 5, and 10) array. Possible values: ● Build (the default)—Perform a Build/Verify process on the array. Takes longer than Clear, but allows you to begin using the array immediately. ● Clear—Clear the array. Faster than a Build/Verify process, but you have to wait for the operation to be completed before you can begin using the array.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 90 Type Keyword Type is a required keyword, indicating the array type. There is no default value. The possible values: Volume, RAID0, RAID1, RAID5, RAID10, or RAID50. Depending on the RAID levels supported by your RAID controller, additional possible values are: RAID1E, RAID5EE, RAID6, RAID60.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 91 ControllerID Keyword ControllerID is an optional keyword to change the SCSI ID of the controller. Normally, the SCSI controller is assigned SCSI ID 7 on each of its channels. You can specify any ID value between 0 and 7. ! Caution: Do not change the SCSI ID of the controller unless directed to do so by Adaptec Technical Support. For example: ControllerID=7 End Keyword End is a required keyword, indicating the end of the block.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 92 Sample Scripts This MS-DOS command invokes the ACU and creates arrays on controller 1 based on the array keywords defined in the script file A:\RAID.ACU. It also configures Channel 0 and saves a log of the operation in the log file C:\RAID.LOG: A:\> ACU /P A:\RAID.ACU /L C:\RAID.LOG /C1 Sample Scripts for SCSI and SAS Controllers Note: For a sample script for a SATA controller, see page 93. This sample script file is a sample RAID.
Appendix D: Using the ACU for DOS ● 93 Sample Script for SATA Controllers This is a sample ACU file that will initialize all disk drives connected to the SATA controller and create a RAID 5 array with the disk drives on ports 0, 1, and 2. Controller= 0,5:7:0 Controller Name=Adaptec Adaptec 2820SA Subsystem ID=0x2A1 Firmware Version=V5.1-0[6792] Total Ports=8 Port 0 = 0:0:0 Maxtor 279.479GB 279.395GB Port 1 = 0:1:0 Maxtor 279.479GB 279.395GB Port 2 = 0:2:0 Maxtor 279.479GB 279.
Using the Adaptec Flash Utility E In this appendix... System Requirements ............................................................................................................. 95 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 95 Running the Menu-based AFU.............................................................................................. 96 Running the AFU from the Command Line........................
Appendix E: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility ● 95 System Requirements ● MS–DOS version 5.0 or later. Note: You can’t run the AFU from a DOS command prompt window under any version of Windows. ● At least 8 MB of extended memory. Compatibility Notes ● Supports HIMEM.SYS; compatible with other DOS drivers running under HIMEM.SYS (for example, SMARTDRV.SYS and SETVER.SYS). ● Does not support DOS extenders installed in memory, such as EMM386.SYS and DOS4GW.
Appendix E: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility ● 96 Creating the Firmware Floppy Disks Note: You will need at least two bootable MS-DOS floppy disks to complete this task. You can’t create a bootable floppy disk using Windows 2000. To create the firmware floppy disks: 1 Create a bootable MS–DOS floppy disk and copy these files to it: ● AFU.exe ● AAxxx01.ufi where xxx is the model number of your controller. 2 Create additional bootable MS–DOS floppy disks and copy each additional AAxxx0x.
Appendix E: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility ● 97 Running the AFU from the Command Line Note: You can also run a menu-based AFU (see page 96). To run the AFU from the command line: 1 Power off your computer, insert the first AFU floppy disk, then power on your computer. If your computer isn’t set up to boot from the bootable floppy disk, enter the system setup utility to change the setting. 2 At the DOS command, type AFU followed by a command (see page 97) and any switches you want.
Appendix E: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility ● 98 These switches are available: ● /C —One or more RAID controller IDs representing the set of RAID controllers on which to perform the specified command. The default is 0; if the computer has multiple RAID controllers, the AFU defaults to controller 0 unless you specify otherwise.
Appendix E: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility ● 99 Verify Compares the contents of each of the flash components on a RAID controller to the corresponding image in a UFI file, and indicates whether they match. After using the verify command, you must restart the computer. The command syntax for the VERIFY command is as follows: AFU VERIFY [/C] [/D ] You can also use the /C and /D switches. See Save on page 97 for more information.
Appendix E: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility ● 100 Updating the Flash Using the AFU Command Line 1 Create the firmware floppy disks (see page 96). 2 Power off your computer, insert the first AFU floppy disk, then power on your computer. If your computer isn’t set up to boot from the bootable floppy disk, enter the system setup utility to change the setting.
Safety Information F To ensure your personal safety and the safety of your equipment: ● Keep your work area and the computer clean and clear of debris. ● Before opening the system cabinet, unplug the power cord. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ! Caution: ESD can damage electronic components when they are improperly handled, and can result in total or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD-prevention procedures when removing and replacing components.
Technical Specifications G In this appendix... Environmental Specifications.............................................................................................. 103 DC Power Requirements...................................................................................................... 103 Current Requirements..........................................................................................................
Appendix G: Technical Specifications Environmental Specifications Ambient temperature without battery backup module 0 °C to 50 ° C Relative humidity 10% to 90%, noncondensing Altitude Up to 3,000 meters Note: Forced airflow is recommended, but not required. DC Power Requirements Ripple and noise 50 mV peak-to-peak (max) DC Voltage 5 V ± 5%, 3.3 V ± 10% Current Requirements Adaptec Model Maximum Current (A) Adaptec 4000SAS 1.5 A @ 3.3 VDC; 0.75 A @ 5.0 VDC Adaptec 4800SAS 1.4 A @ 3.3 VDC; 2.
Index A ACU arrays 37 creating arrays 37, 76 creating bootable arrays 77 initializing disk drives 77 managing arrays 77 rescanning disk drives 77 secure erasing disk drives 78 stopping a secure erase 78 ACU for DOS 83 to 93 array definition block keywords 87 creating a floppy disk 84 menus 84 playback mode 85 record mode 86 sample scripts 92 script file syntax 86 scripts 85 switches 85 Adaptec customer support 3 Adaptec Flash Utility. See AFU Adaptec RAID Controller Configuration utility.
Index bootable arrays 40 creating 36, 77 C cables 29 cards.
Index enhanced features 18 event log 82 expander connections 64 expander devices 60 external devices 35 installation, continued SAS direct-attach 33 with operating system 30 F keyed features 18 kit contents 14 failed disk drives 56 multiple arrays 57 multiple disk drives 58 RAID 0 arrays 57 without hot spare 57 feature keys 18 firmware 95 creating floppy disks 96 firmware upgrades 18 flashing controllers 58 floppy disks for firmware update 96 formatting disk drives 82 FreeBSD driver installation 51 OS
Index R RAID RAID 0 67 RAID 1 68 RAID 10 69 RAID 1E 68 RAID 5 70 RAID 50 72 RAID 5EE 71 RAID 6 73 RAID 60 73 RAID 1E 17 RAID 5EE 17 RAID 6 17 RAID 60 17 RAID controllers. See controllers RAID levels 27 record mode 86 recovering from disk drive failure 56 Red Hat driver installation 49 OS installation 43 Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
Index SCSI Parity Checking setting 81 SCSISelect 78 secure erasing disk drives 78 stopping a secure erase 78 -Select utilities 78 applying changes 78 exiting 78 modifying controller settings 79 opening 78 Serial ATA. See SATA Serial Attached SCSI. See SAS SerialSelect 78 Small Computer System Interface.
Adaptec, Inc. 691 South Milpitas Boulevard Milpitas, CA 95035 USA ©2005-06 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptec and the Adaptec logo are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. which may be registered in some jurisdictions. Part Number: CDP-00062-01-A, Rev.
