Corona's Principles of Pruning How to Guide

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TREE PRUNING METHODS
There are also certain pruning practices that are not
acceptable and can injure trees:
Topping
The reduction of a tree’s size using cuts that shorten
limbs or branches back to a predetermined crown
limit, often leaving large stubs.
Lion’s Tailing
The removal of an excessive number of inner
branches from the tree.
Rooster-Tailing
The over-thinning of palms by removing too many
lower fronds.
An understanding of the end goals lie at the heart
of good pruning. Before beginning work, it is
imperative that your plans include the objectives of
pruning, the pruning types to be used, the size range
of branches to remove, the percentage of live crown
to be removed, and the location of branches.
Not an acceptable pruning practice:
Removing all live healthy fronds below
a 45 degree angle from horizontal
45˚
45˚
0˚
90˚